every_o of_o they_o and_o hereunto_o i_o subscribe_v my_o name_n and_o i_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n that_o pure_a that_o holy_a oath_n indeed_o the_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n which_o be_v the_o head-spring_n of_o those_o other_o and_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o evil_n that_o overflow_v the_o three_o nation_n we_o nobleman_n baron_n knight_n gentleman_n citizens_z covenant_n the_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n burgess_n minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o commons_o of_o all_o sort_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n live_v under_o one_o king_n and_o be_v of_o one_o reform_a religion_n have_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n the_o honour_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o his_o posterity_n and_o the_o true_a public_a liberty_n safety_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 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the_o example_n of_o the_o best_a reform_a church_n and_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o church_n of_o god_n in_o the_o three_o kingdom_n to_o the_o near_a conjunction_n and_o uniformity_n in_o religion_n confession_n of_o faith_n form_n of_o church-government_n directory_n for_o worship_n and_o catechise_n that_o we_o and_o our_o posterity_n after_o we_o may_v as_o brethren_n live_v in_o faith_n and_o love_n the_o lord_n may_v delight_v to_o dwell_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o we_o 2._o that_o we_o shall_v in_o like_a manner_n without_o respect_n of_o person_n endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o popery_n prelacy_n that_o be_v church-government_n by_o archbishop_n bishop_n their_o chancellor_n and_o commissary_n dean_n dean_n and_o chapter_n arch-deacon_n and_o all_o other_o ecclesiastical_a officer_n depend_v on_o that_o hierarchy_n superstition_n heresy_n schism_n profaneness_n and_o whatsoever_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o sound_v doctrine_n and_o the_o power_n of_o godliness_n lest_o we_o partake_v in_o other_o man_n sin_n and_o thereby_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o receive_v of_o their_o plague_n and_o that_o the_o lord_n may_v be_v one_o and_o his_o name_n one_o in_o the_o three_o kingdom_n 3._o we_o shall_v with_o the_o same_o sincerity_n reality_n and_o constancy_n in_o our_o several_a vocation_n endeavour_v with_o our_o estate_n and_o life_n mutual_o to_o preserve_v the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v the_o king_n majesty_n person_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o the_o world_n may_v bear_v witness_n with_o our_o conscience_n of_o our_o loyalty_n and_o that_o we_o have_v no_o thought_n or_o intention_n to_o diminish_v he_o majesty_n just_a power_n and_o greatness_n 4._o we_o shall_v also_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n endeavour_v the_o discovery_n of_o all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v incendiary_n malignant_n or_o evil_a instrument_n by_o hinder_v the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n divide_v the_o king_n from_o his_o people_n or_o one_o of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o another_o or_o make_v any_o faction_n or_o party_n among_o the_o people_n contrary_a to_o this_o league_n and_o covenant_n that_o they_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o public_a trial_n and_o receive_v condign_a punishment_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o offence_n shall_v require_v or_o deserve_v or_o the_o supreme_a judicatories_n of_o both_o kingdom_n respective_o or_o other_o have_v power_n from_o they_o for_o that_o effect_n shall_v judge_v convenient_a 5._o and_o whereas_o the_o happiness_n of_o a_o bless_a peace_n between_o these_o kingdom_n deny_v in_o former_a time_n to_o our_o progenitor_n be_v by_o the_o good_a providence_n of_o god_n grant_v unto_o we_o and_o have_v be_v late_o conclude_v and_o settle_v by_o both_o parliament_n we_o shall_v each_o one_o of_o we_o according_a to_o our_o place_n and_o interest_n endeavour_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v conjoin_v in_o a_o firm_a peace_n and_o union_n to_o all_o posterity_n and_o that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v upon_o the_o wilful_a opposer_n thereof_o in_o manner_n express_v in_o the_o precedent_a article_n 6._o we_o shall_v also_o according_a to_o our_o place_n and_o calling_n in_o this_o common_a cause_n of_o religion_n liberty_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assist_v and_o defend_v all_o those_o that_o enter_v into_o this_o league_n and_o covenant_n in_o the_o maintain_n and_o pursue_v thereof_o and_o shall_v not_o suffer_v ourselves_o direct_o or_o indirect_o by_o whatsoever_o combination_n persuasion_n or_o terror_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o withdraw_v from_o this_o bless_a union_n and_o conjunction_n whether_o to_o make_v defection_n to_o the_o contrary_a part_n or_o to_o give_v ourselves_o to_o a_o detestable_a indifferency_n or_o neutrality_n in_o this_o cause_n which_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n but_o shall_v all_o the_o day_n of_o our_o life_n zealous_o and_o constant_o continue_v therein_o against_o all_o opposition_n and_o promote_v the_o same_o according_a to_o our_o power_n against_o all_o let_n and_o impediment_n whatsoever_o and_o what_o we_o be_v not_o able_a ourselves_o to_o suppress_v or_o overcome_v we_o shall_v reveal_v and_o make_v know_v that_o it_o may_v be_v timely_o prevent_v and_o remove_v all_o which_o we_o shall_v do_v as_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n and_o because_o these_o kingdom_n be_v guilty_a of_o many_o sin_n and_o provocation_n against_o god_n and_o his_o son_n jesus_n christ_n as_o be_v too_o manifest_a by_o our_o present_a distress_n and_o danger_n the_o fruit_n thereof_o we_o profess_v and_o declare_v before_o god_n and_o the_o world_n our_o unfeigned_a desire_n to_o be_v humble_v for_o our_o own_o sin_n and_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o these_o kingdom_n especial_o that_o we_o have_v not_o as_o we_o ought_v value_v the_o inestimable_a benefit_n of_o the_o gospel_n that_o we_o have_v not_o labour_v for_o the_o purity_n and_o power_n thereof_o aâ—d_o that_o we_o have_v not_o endeavour_v to_o receive_v christ_n in_o our_o heart_n nor_o to_o walk_v worthy_a of_o he_o in_o our_o life_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o other_o sin_n and_o transgression_n so_o much_o abound_v among_o we_o and_o our_o true_a and_o unfeigned_a purpose_n desire_v and_o endeavour_v for_o ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o under_o our_o power_n and_o charge_n both_o in_o public_a and_o in_o private_a in_o all_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o man_n to_o amend_v our_o life_n and_o each_o one_o to_o go_v before_o another_o in_o the_o example_n of_o a_o real_a reformation_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v turn_v away_o his_o wrath_n and_o heavy_a indignation_n and_o establish_v these_o church_n and_o kingdom_n in_o truth_n and_o peace_n and_o this_o covenant_n we_o make_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o almighty_a god_n the_o
first_o dilemma_n there_o and_o bold_o say_v that_o i_o write_v that_o letter_n out_o of_o very_a much_o respect_n to_o his_o grace_n and_o out_o 2._o pag._n 2._o of_o no_o less_o respect_n do_v print_v it_o and_o that_o you_o determine_v likewise_o whether_o my_o light_n in_o the_o triangle_n acknowledge_v in_o that_o very_a letter_n to_o be_v such_o that_o it_o can_v be_v extinguish_v give_v any_o ground_n to_o this_o gentleman_n be_v fond_a conception_n of_o p._n w_n despair_v to_o receive_v from_o his_o grace_n the_o effect_n of_o his_o not_o unjust_a as_o this_o person_n of_o quality_n speak_v but_o very_o just_a desire_n for_o his_o countryman_n or_o of_o p._n w_n choose_v this_o way_n to_o acquaint_v they_o it_o be_v not_o for_o want_n of_o his_o solicitation_n and_o to_o let_v they_o see_v since_o he_o can_v not_o make_v they_o behold_v to_o my_o lord_n lieutenant_n 2._o pag._n 2._o that_o they_o be_v so_o to_o he_o but_o i_o free_o pardon_v the_o gentleman_n erroneous_a conjecture_n all_o along_o of_o my_o despair_n or_o of_o my_o design_n be_v the_o holy_a week_n and_o the_o ceremony_n of_o tenebrae_fw-la and_o the_o triangle_n and_o the_o only_a light_n remain_v unextinguished_a which_o yet_o he_o may_v have_v see_v in_o that_o letter_n seem_v to_o be_v mystery_n wherewith_o he_o be_v not_o so_o well_o acquaint_v as_o to_o understand_v thereby_o a_o hope_n remain_v still_o in_o p._n w._n and_o surmount_v at_o last_o all_o the_o despair_n of_o other_o et_fw-la nunc_fw-la tempus_fw-la equum_fw-la spumantia_fw-la solvere_fw-la colla_fw-la virgil._n virgil._n and_o i_o will_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o we_o have_v hear_v from_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n reproach_n which_o by_o the_o number_n of_o they_o seek_v to_o make_v up_o their_o want_n of_o truth_n and_o have_v see_v wit_n make_v the_o slave_n of_o malice_n and_o the_o foul_a obloquy_n put_v into_o a_o formal_a dress_n and_o have_v behold_v the_o degree_n of_o crime_n invert_v and_o while_o the_o more_o heinous_a pass_n with_o impunity_n the_o lesser_a offence_n condemn_v to_o the_o chastisement_n due_a to_o those_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o have_v likewise_o hear_v good_a intention_n allege_v to_o justify_v murder_n rapine_n desolation_n and_o stand_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o have_v final_o observe_v that_o self-interest_n and_o comply_v with_o a_o prevail_a party_n have_v manage_v a_o very_a elaborate_a discourse_n to_o the_o worst_a end_n a_o man_n by_o write_v can_v propose_v to_o himself_o which_o be_v to_o deceive_v his_o reader_n and_o that_o nothing_o will_v be_v want_v to_o complete_a the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o design_n but_o to_o find_v out_o that_o this_o unknown_a author_n be_v a_o person_n who_o have_v the_o experience_n of_o more_o guilt_n in_o himself_o than_o he_o impose_v upon_o other_o a_o appendix_n long_o after_o this_o reply_n have_v be_v finish_v i_o hear_v some_o other_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o person_n too_o who_o i_o very_o much_o esteem_n defend_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v at_o all_o to_o perform_v the_o article_n of_o 48._o not_o even_o to_o any_o part_n or_o as_o much_o as_o to_o one_o individual_a person_n of_o the_o former_a confederate_n of_o ireland_n i_o mean_v the_o roman_a catholic_n and_o because_o these_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o who_o i_o otherwise_o hold_v to_o be_v real_o man_n of_o honour_n and_o conscience_n do_v not_o then_o nor_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v can_v then_o or_o at_o any_o other_o time_n before_o or_o after_o since_o the_o very_a first_o time_n the_o case_n be_v clear_o dispute_v before_o his_o majesty_n and_o so_o many_o print_a paper_n and_o book_n come_v out_o on_o both_o side_n allege_v other_o argument_n to_o justify_v this_o assertion_n against_o the_o unfortunate_a irish_a but_o only_o a_o paper_n find_v as_o write_v by_o sir_n nicholas_n plunket_n which_o may_v have_v import_v a_o precedent_n or_o design_a resolution_n of_o break_v that_o peace_n of_o 48._o and_o because_o this_o be_v a_o clear_a mistake_n and_o to_o show_v evident_o that_o it_o be_v i_o give_v here_o at_o large_a a_o true_a and_o perfect_a account_n of_o that_o paper_n and_o beseech_v the_o impartial_a reader_n as_o likewise_o those_o persoâ—â—_n of_o honour_n and_o conscience_n to_o consider_v how_o dishonourable_a before_o man_n how_o sinful_a and_o dangerous_a in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n their_o advice_n be_v have_v be_v and_o shall_v be_v yet_o further_o if_o which_o god_n forbid_v they_o chance_v to_o continue_v it_o to_o his_o majesty_n for_o not_o perform_v those_o article_n to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o say_a confederate_n though_o ever_o since_o unalterable_o of_o their_o part_n observe_v those_o very_a article_n for_o by_o the_o ensue_a relation_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o paper_n whether_o rough_a draught_n only_o or_o not_o whether_o sign_v or_o not_o be_v not_o in_o order_n to_o or_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o 48._o write_v or_o any_o way_n relate_v to_o this_o peace_n but_o very_o to_o the_o former_a peace_n of_o 46._o as_o write_v before_o this_o very_a peace_n of_o 46._o be_v conclude_v for_o in_o the_o year_n 1646._o when_v the_o then_o confederate_a catholic_n of_o ireland_n treat_v of_o a_o peace_n with_o his_o late_a majesty_n authority_n place_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n than_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n there_o appear_v much_o difficulty_n in_o bring_v that_o treaty_n to_o a_o conclusion_n in_o regard_n the_o say_v confederate_a catholic_n propose_v for_o more_o advantageous_a condition_n in_o religion_n than_o those_o they_o can_v obtain_v upon_o that_o treaty_n whereupon_o the_o earl_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v then_o in_o ireland_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n with_o a_o general_a concurrence_n to_o the_o furtherance_n of_o his_o late_a majesty_n service_n do_v declare_v unto_o the_o then_o council_n of_o the_o say_v confederate_a catholic_n that_o he_o have_v power_n from_o his_o say_a late_a majesty_n to_o grant_v unto_o they_o such_o condition_n in_o religion_n as_o they_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v pursuant_n to_o which_o article_n be_v agree_v on_o between_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o glamorgan_n and_o the_o council_n 〈◊〉_d the_o say_v confederate_a catholic_n in_o order_n to_o their_o satisfaction_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n but_o those_o article_n be_v to_o be_v secret_a for_o a_o time_n to_o avoid_v the_o prejudice_n that_o the_o then_o publish_v thereof_o may_v bring_v on_o his_o majesty_n service_n the_o observance_n of_o which_o secrecy_n in_o those_o article_n and_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o other_o article_n between_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o the_o say_v catholic_n make_v some_o to_o doubt_n that_o the_o say_v secret_a article_n will_v be_v unsecure_a for_o by_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o say_v other_o article_n all_o person_n must_v have_v return_v to_o their_o former_a obedience_n and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n neither_o know_v or_o own_v the_o say_v secret_a article_n there_o can_v be_v little_a hope_n of_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o which_o reason_n induce_v those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o say_v secret_a article_n to_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o some_o expedient_a to_o render_v they_o more_o secure_a and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v conclude_v upon_o the_o request_n of_o some_o of_o the_o clergy_n that_o a_o motion_n may_v also_o be_v in_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o confederate_a catholic_n for_o a_o order_n to_o reassume_v their_o former_a union_n if_o the_o article_n conclude_v on_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o mention_v the_o particular_n or_o matter_n contain_v in_o such_o article_n which_o be_v do_v according_o and_o the_o order_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o general_a term_n that_o may_v comprehend_v the_o say_v secret_a article_n without_o discover_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v or_o the_o party_n with_o who_o these_o article_n be_v conclude_v after_o which_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tuam_fw-la to_o who_o custody_n the_o say_v secret_a article_n be_v entrust_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o county_n of_o sligo_n and_o those_o article_n find_v with_o he_o be_v by_o that_o mean_v discover_v and_o make_v public_a and_o thereupon_o the_o earl_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v imprison_v at_o dublin_n for_o his_o proceed_n in_o that_o matter_n and_o the_o first_o peace_n conclude_v in_o the_o say_a year_n 1646._o become_v useless_a to_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o his_o subject_n and_o yet_o the_o rough_a draught_n of_o the_o say_a order_n as_o all_o other_o the_o paper_n of_o the_o irish_a confederate_a catholic_n come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o late_o usurp_v power_n it_o have_v be_v on_o some_o debate_n since_o his_o majesty_n restauration_n object_v that_o the_o content_n of_o that_o rough_a
quiet_a the_o distemper_n which_o then_o begin_v to_o spread_v but_o the_o lord_n justice_n who_o design_n be_v not_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o mercy_n and_o indulgence_n to_o prevent_v submission_n imprison_v and_o indict_v by_o a_o jury_n which_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o freeholders_n those_o so_o submit_v and_o put_v the_o say_a mr._n barnewall_n of_o the_o age_n of_o sixty_o six_o year_n to_o the_o torture_n of_o the_o rack_n this_o notwithstanding_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentry_n inhabit_v the_o country_n next_o to_o dublin_n apply_v themselves_o humble_o by_o their_o letter_n to_o the_o lord_n justice_n which_o when_o the_o earl_n of_o castle-haven_n a_o nobleman_n of_o english_a birth_n who_o free_o before_o that_o time_n have_v access_n to_o dublin_n come_v to_o present_v he_o be_v make_v prisoner_n wherefore_o when_o the_o nation_n observe_v that_o their_o advice_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o only_o think_v unnecessary_a but_o themselves_o involve_v in_o a_o general_a distrust_n that_o neither_o the_o parliament_n nor_o the_o marquis_n of_o ormond_n offer_v to_o suppress_v the_o rebellion_n will_v be_v accept_v that_o the_o enforce_a comply_v of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o pale_a with_o a_o powerful_a army_n which_o be_v master_n of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n be_v impute_v to_o they_o as_o a_o malicious_a aversion_n from_o the_o english_a government_n that_o the_o blood_n of_o innocent_a husbandman_n be_v draw_v and_o the_o head_n of_o man_n be_v grow_v a_o acceptable_a spectacle_n in_o dublin_n that_o the_o public_a faith_n be_v break_v and_o man_n house_n particular_o enable_v to_o claim_v benefit_n by_o it_o pillage_v and_o burn_v that_o all_o way_n be_v obstruct_v by_o which_o they_o may_v implore_v his_o majesty_n mercy_n and_o represent_v their_o condition_n that_o the_o favourable_a intention_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o his_o majesty_n gracious_a pardon_n which_o be_v mean_v shall_v extend_v to_o all_o save_v such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o blood_n be_v so_o limit_v by_o they_o as_o no_o estate_a man_n can_v receive_v benefit_n by_o it_o that_o those_o who_o notwithstanding_o their_o restriction_n cast_v themselves_o free_o upon_o his_o majesty_n mercy_n be_v imprison_v indict_v and_o some_o of_o they_o rack_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o castle-haven_n may_v have_v find_v it_o a_o capital_a crime_n to_o mediate_v in_o their_o behalf_n if_o he_o have_v not_o make_v his_o escape_n after_o twenty_o week_n imprisonment_n that_o the_o king_n be_v swear_v servant_n be_v rack_v and_o his_o minister_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o have_v be_v zealous_a of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o master_n endeavour_v to_o asperse_v it_o and_o to_o render_v he_o and_o his_o royal_a consort_n odious_a to_o his_o people_n by_o strive_v to_o extort_v from_o a_o torture_a man_n some_o testimony_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v accuse_v of_o raise_v and_o soment_v that_o rebellion_n when_o these_o and_o many_o other_o argument_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o lest_o we_o shall_v be_v too_o prolix_a we_o omit_v have_v convince_v the_o catholic_n of_o ireland_n that_o the_o lord_n justice_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o council_n which_o adhere_v to_o they_o become_v unfaithful_a to_o his_o majesty_n and_o have_v design_v the_o ruin_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o the_o extirpation_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o law_n which_o move_v the_o hand_n by_o interpose_v itself_o to_o bear_v off_o a_o stroke_n aim_v at_o the_o head_n convene_v a_o assembly_n of_o these_o who_o be_v expose_v to_o those_o so_o eminent_a danger_n in_o which_o they_o model_v a_o government_n in_o order_n to_o their_o natural_a defence_n oblige_v themselves_o by_o such_o a_o oath_n to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n as_o well_o show_v their_o affection_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o their_o unalterable_a resolution_n to_o maintain_v his_o majesty_n right_n and_o to_o follow_v his_o fortune_n between_o these_o divide_a government_n there_o have_v be_v battle_n fight_v city_n and_o fort_n besiege_v and_o much_o christian_a blood_n spill_v which_o will_v one_o day_n lie_v at_o some_o man_n door_n and_o who_o these_o be_v the_o eternal_a wisdom_n best_o know_v and_o the_o reader_n be_v leave_v free_a to_o determine_v 10._o all_o which_o and_o all_o whatsoever_o else_o i_o print_v i_o be_o very_a well_o content_a may_v fall_v or_o stand_v as_o that_o be_v true_a which_o p._n w._n averr_v in_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n countryman_n 3._o pag._n 3._o if_o indeed_o he_o averr_v the_o supposition_n at_o all_o or_o the_o irish_a to_o be_v such_o that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o country_n with_o his_o grace_n whether_o they_o be_v real_o so_o or_o no_o and_o i_o no_o less_o desire_n that_o all_o our_o person_n of_o quality_n write_v on_o this_o subject_n may_v stand_v or_o fall_v as_o that_o proof_n he_o bring_v in_o his_o parenthesis_n to_o ground_v his_o own_o wish_n for_o i_o be_v true_a or_o false_a for_o his_o grace_n say_v he_o be_v neither_o his_o he_o shall_v have_v more_o proper_o say_v their_o countryman_n by_o birth_n religion_n or_o any_o other_o 3._o pag._n 3._o relation_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v applyable_a certain_o the_o name_n of_o roman_a be_v appliable_a to_o constantine_n the_o great_a even_o then_o when_o first_o he_o be_v christian_a that_o be_v of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o the_o state_n senate_n people_z and_o army_n of_o rome_n though_o he_o be_v bear_v at_o york_n in_o great_a britain_n to_o theodosius_n and_o seneca_n though_o bear_v in_o spain_n as_o likewise_o to_o so_o many_o thousand_o more_o wherever_o beget_v or_o bear_v or_o of_o what_o religion_n soever_o who_o enjoy_v the_o right_n privilege_n and_o title_n of_o roman_a citizen_n nor_o can_v he_o deny_v the_o name_n of_o a_o englishman_n to_o that_o prince_n be_v of_o purpose_n bring_v in_o his_o mother_n belly_n to_o carnarvan_n to_o appease_v the_o warlike_a humour_n of_o the_o welshman_n by_o give_v they_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o country_n extraction_n and_o the_o communion_n of_o blood_n and_o law_n and_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o citizen_n give_v these_o the_o name_n of_o roman_a though_o they_o cease_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v britain_n spaniard_n welsh_a etc._n etc._n by_o their_o birthright_n and_o shall_v not_o the_o duke_n of_o ormonds_n blood_n extract_v from_o the_o loin_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a irish_a catholic_n family_n during_o the_o succession_n of_o so_o many_o age_n these_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n his_o predecessor_n bear_v there_o his_o great_a demain_n and_o estate_n there_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o those_o of_o his_o forefather_n too_o of_o baron_n viscount_n earl_n and_o last_o his_o own_o of_o marquis_n and_o duke_n all_o there_o shall_v not_o so_o many_o other_o baron_n viscount_n and_o earl_n descend_v from_o the_o house_n of_o ormond_n all_o buttlers_n and_o irish_a and_o catholic_n too_o so_o many_o baronet_n and_o knight_n so_o vast_a a_o number_n of_o squire_n and_o other_o gentleman_n all_o of_o that_o nation_n and_o communion_n beside_o all_o the_o almost_o numberless_a number_n of_o his_o ally_n in_o all_o the_o four_o province_n of_o ireland_n of_o all_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o illustrious_a family_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o religion_n shall_v not_o i_o say_v all_o these_o consideration_n beside_o the_o community_n of_o the_o same_o law_n right_n and_o privilege_n not_o to_o regard_v that_o of_o education_n or_o language_n entitle_v the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n to_o the_o name_n of_o irish_a or_o their_o countryman_n or_o to_o any_o relation_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v appliable_a doubtless_o the_o topick_n à _fw-fr majori_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la will_v conclude_v here_o our_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o affirmative_a notwithstanding_o all_o his_o logic_n and_o his_o own_o claim_n beside_o to_o ireland_n or_o england_n or_o both_o will_v conclude_v he_o and_o all_o historian_n that_o distinguish_v the_o people_n of_o ireland_n into_o ancient_a irish_a and_o ancient_a english_a evict_v this_o confession_n from_o he_o be_v these_o do_v never_o the_o more_o cease_v to_o be_v irish_a final_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o world_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n in_o particular_a repute_v and_o call_v those_o irish_a who_o have_v in_o many_o regard_v less_o right_a to_o the_o name_n than_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n have_v force_v this_o acknowlegdement_n from_o any_o contradictor_n albeit_o england_n with_o much_o reason_n challenge_v he_o as_o english_a withal_o by_o his_o more_o ancient_a extraction_n from_o and_o his_o own_o birth_n among_o they_o and_o by_o so_o many_o other_o title_n which_o make_v their_o claim_n very_o just_a while_o they_o bereave_v not_o other_o of_o their_o own_o as_o none_o do_v that_o i_o know_v but_o my_o two_o
antagonist_n the_o man_n in_o the_o dark_a and_o this_o person_n of_o quality_n 11._o but_o however_o this_o be_v which_o indeed_o be_v no_o more_o material_a than_o it_o be_v to_o show_v our_o person_n of_o quality_n vain_a confidence_n erect_v imaginary_a trophy_n on_o the_o most_o immaterial_a passage_n of_o my_o letter_n i_o will_v now_o proceed_v without_o leap_v 4._o pag._n 4._o backward_o to_o the_o year_n 41._o reserve_v my_o answer_n to_o what_o he_o far_o allege_n â—ere_z until_o i_o come_v to_o that_o part_n of_o his_o discourse_n where_o he_o vent_v himself_o more_o full_o and_o with_o no_o less_o acrimony_n upon_o that_o subject_a 12._o concern_v p._n w._n his_o affection_n to_o and_o confidence_n in_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n since_o this_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o writer_n 5._o pag._n 5._o ter_z for_o a_o end_n of_o mischief_n i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o say_v this_o confidence_n take_v root_n and_o grow_v up_o in_o difficult_a time_n and_o upon_o such_o occasion_n in_o order_n to_o his_o majesty_n service_n as_o perhaps_o the_o writer_n may_v heretofore_o have_v construe_v to_o have_v be_v high_a treason_n against_o cromwell_n and_o as_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o wonder_v that_o the_o hazardous_a employment_n i_o undergo_v obtain_v for_o i_o at_o that_o time_n free_a and_o frequent_a access_n though_o my_o letter_n speak_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o such_o freedom_n or_o frequency_n to_o a_o minister_n of_o state_n that_o cherish_v all_o instrument_n who_o may_v in_o any_o measure_n promote_v his_o majesty_n affair_n so_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o noble_a a_o nature_n as_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n there_o may_v remain_v some_o such_o memory_n of_o my_o fidelity_n as_o i_o shall_v even_o in_o these_o better_a time_n be_v frequent_o admit_v to_o his_o presence_n and_o allow_v to_o speak_v my_o thought_n with_o accustom_a freedom_n upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o writer_n raise_v such_o a_o storm_n against_o i_o as_o plain_o discover_v that_o though_o malice_n be_v a_o sullen_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a airy_a passion_n which_o rather_o than_o it_o shall_v not_o blow_v will_v create_v itself_o wind_n of_o any_o thing_n i_o beseech_v the_o reader_n to_o observe_v what_o use_n this_o gentleman_n make_v of_o i_o and_o the_o reliance_n of_o other_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n mention_v in_o 5._o pag._n 5._o that_o letter_n and_o how_o he_o cast_v the_o phrase_n in_o a_o new_a mould_n and_o then_o interpret_v it_o to_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o no_o sophistry_n can_v force_v the_o expression_n to_o bear_v nor_o any_o but_o a_o malevolent_a spirit_n give_v it_o my_o word_n be_v who_o have_v so_o many_o year_n rely_v on_o your_o word_n and_o virtue_n and_o within_o a_o few_o line_n after_o to_o clear_v these_o cloud_n of_o darkness_n and_o to_o clear_v they_o in_o this_o present_a conjuncture_n by_o a_o effectual_a demonstration_n of_o that_o justice_n and_o favour_n you_o intend_v the_o catholic_n of_o ireland_n in_o your_o article_n of_o peace_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o most_o interest_v adventurer_n or_o soldier_n whether_o he_o conceive_v this_o word_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n it_o be_v write_v and_o be_v obvious_a to_o all_o eye_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o any_o other_o thing_n than_o that_o word_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n pass_v to_o the_o catholic_n of_o ireland_n under_o his_o seal_n and_o signature_n in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o do_v i_o not_o in_o speak_v of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n to_o the_o duke_n himself_o call_v they_o your_o article_n of_o peace_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v these_o be_v your_o word_n these_o be_v your_o promise_n and_o yet_o this_o gentleman_n have_v the_o confidence_n to_o say_v that_o p._n w._n will_v make_v we_o believe_v as_o if_o some_o word_n in_o secret_a have_v pass_v by_o his_o grace_n 5._o pag._n 5._o to_o the_o irish_a papist_n which_o they_o dare_v thus_o mention_v to_o himself_o and_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n 13._o this_o gentleman_n say_v moreover_o that_o i_o speak_v of_o my_o 5._o pag._n 5._o daily_a care_n and_o trouble_v to_o support_v his_o esteem_n and_o of_o blame_v distruster_n as_o ignorant_a of_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o intrigue_n obstruct_v as_o yet_o or_o of_o inconsideration_n of_o those_o wise_a way_n though_o slow_a than_o folly_n or_o rashness_n can_v chaulk_v out_o or_o of_o prejudices_fw-la and_o a_o evil_a passion_n i_o confess_v this_o charge_n only_o the_o first_o branch_n except_v at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o word_n or_o even_o sense_n and_o manner_n of_o expression_n my_o letter_n have_v not_o where_o our_o person_n of_o quality_n phrase_n of_o my_o daily_a care_n to_o support_v the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n be_v esteem_v but_o another_o very_a different_a and_o no_o less_o true_a than_o modest_a my_o word_n be_v these_o my_o lord_n these_o be_v thought_n which_o more_o and_o more_o trouble_v i_o daily_o because_o i_o have_v daily_o new_a occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o they_o ergo_fw-la i_o say_v my_o daily_a care_n and_o trouble_n be_v to_o support_v his_o esteem_n a_o strange_a inference_n as_o if_o the_o final_a motive_n of_o my_o trouble_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v my_o desire_n to_o support_v my_o lord_n esteem_v or_o as_o if_o his_o grace_n do_v need_v my_o support_n or_o that_o if_o i_o know_v myself_o valuable_a for_o any_o such_o thing_n i_o will_v be_v so_o immodest_a in_o my_o expression_n but_o allow_v this_o unhandsome_a advantage_n what_o then_o will_v all_o his_o charge_n here_o signify_v nothing_o less_o than_o his_o purpose_n can_v any_o one_o imagine_v that_o other_o use_n may_v be_v make_v of_o these_o word_n than_o as_o of_o argument_n form_v by_o myself_o to_o support_v the_o esteem_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n since_o this_o person_n of_o quality_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o to_o appease_v the_o distrust_n of_o some_o of_o my_o countryman_n yet_o this_o gentleman_n will_v fix_v upon_o i_o that_o i_o will_v insinuate_v as_o if_o those_o reason_n be_v convey_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n and_o therefore_o give_v i_o the_o name_n of_o his_o grace_n intimate_v confident_a which_o if_o all_o that_o have_v free_a and_o frequent_a access_n to_o his_o grace_n and_o that_o be_v all_o the_o ground_n i_o give_v if_o i_o give_v even_o this_o for_o be_v so_o call_v may_v be_v privilege_v to_o assume_v his_o intimate_a confident_n will_v become_v unreasonable_a numerous_a and_o with_o how_o little_a reason_n this_o gentleman_n exaggerate_v the_o matter_n by_o term_v i_o a_o perfect_a enemy_n to_o the_o english_a interest_n and_o protestant_a religion_n be_v evident_a since_o neither_o my_o 5_o pag._n 5_o 〈…〉_o any_o of_o my_o name_n in_o ireland_n can_v pretend_v to_o any_o estate_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o by_o a_o english_a interest_n and_o that_o i_o daily_o pray_v for_o the_o long_a and_o happy_a reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a charles_n the_o second_o who_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o that_o religion_n beside_o that_o i_o be_o sufficient_o know_v even_o to_o very_o many_o protestant_n and_o to_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o best_a of_o they_o to_o be_v in_o my_o capacity_n and_o to_o my_o utmost_a power_n so_o far_o a_o profess_a friend_n to_o their_o religion_n as_o not_o only_o to_o wish_v from_o my_o very_a soul_n but_o to_o endeavour_v too_o in_o the_o best_a way_n i_o can_v that_o all_o difference_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o roman_a be_v compose_v not_o by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o subject_n or_o any_o force_n of_o arm_n but_o by_o such_o mean_n as_o those_o be_v the_o bless_a apostle_n take_v for_o appease_v the_o controversy_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n and_o by_o such_o other_o as_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n 14._o now_o the_o reader_n perhaps_o may_v wonder_v wherefore_o this_o gentleman_n make_v so_o perverse_a a_o comment_n upon_o so_o innocent_a a_o text._n and_o i_o can_v imagine_v no_o other_o reason_n for_o it_o but_o that_o be_v himself_o desirous_a to_o expose_v the_o duke_n of_o ormond_n to_o the_o obloquy_n and_o distrust_n of_o the_o english_a and_o not_o dare_v to_o appear_v barefaced_a in_o so_o foul_a a_o practice_n he_o vent_v his_o own_o conception_n by_o father_v they_o upon_o another_o and_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v his_o grace_n the_o blow_n although_o he_o look_v asquint_o on_o i_o if_o this_o be_v to_o betray_v with_o a_o kiss_n and_o by_o undermine_v 6._o pag._n 6._o the_o guilt_n must_v lie_v at_o the_o gentleman_n be_v own_o door_n for_o he_o must_v excuse_v i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o lend_v he_o my_o paw_n to_o rake_v the_o chestnut_n out_o of_o the_o embers_o 15._o as_o for_o my_o affection_n to_o the_o
of_o that_o government_n they_o have_v set_v up_o themselves_o and_o if_o we_o shall_v allow_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o time_n those_o thing_n which_o man_n seduce_v think_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n why_o shall_v it_o be_v a_o flat_a contradictory_n to_o say_v that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o bear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n not_o by_o desist_v 60._o pag._n 60._o from_o do_v those_o thing_n without_o which_o they_o can_v not_o subsist_v but_o by_o perform_v those_o eminent_a duty_n to_o which_o their_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n at_o all_o time_n upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o in_o all_o condition_n subject_n they_o that_o be_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o fealty_n we_o owe_v he_o to_o any_o other_o prince_n not_o to_o assist_v or_o countenance_v the_o do_v of_o the_o least_o injury_n to_o his_o person_n to_o forbear_v take_v any_o oath_n that_o tend_v to_o exclude_v he_o and_o his_o posterity_n from_o his_o dominion_n to_o fight_v against_o those_o that_o do_v and_o since_o we_o be_v unhappy_o fall_v from_o our_o obedience_n to_o return_v to_o our_o former_a state_n as_o soon_o as_o possible_o we_o can_v and_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n 112._o certain_o if_o this_o gentleman_n be_v not_o extreme_o innocent_a he_o be_v very_o forgetful_a that_o hold_v so_o close_o to_o the_o law_n and_o i_o assure_v he_o that_o to_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o 60._o pag._n 60._o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o catholic_n religion_n be_v in_o those_o time_n think_v to_o be_v thing_n very_o compatible_a however_o he_o take_v they_o to_o be_v contradictory_n 113._o he_o aggravate_v the_o matter_n and_o so_o he_o may_v if_o we_o do_v forget_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o time_n with_o their_o swear_n not_o to_o seek_v or_o receive_v any_o pardon_n or_o protection_n for_o any_o thing_n do_v or_o to_o be_v do_v touch_v the_o general_a cause_n but_o allow_v not_o 61._o pag._n 61._o the_o legality_n but_o the_o existence_n of_o their_o government_n what_o can_v have_v preserve_v it_o without_o such_o tie_n 114._o this_o gentleman_n be_v always_o at_o a_o fault_n when_o his_o discourse_n tend_v any_o way_n to_o catholic_n religion_n our_o tenet_n be_v quite_o contrary_a for_o we_o know_v that_o we_o can_v receive_v nor_o the_o pope_n give_v a_o pardon_n for_o sin_n to_o come_v 61._o pag._n 61._o 115._o now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o that_o part_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o oath_n in_o the_o year_n 46._o and_o he_o tell_v we_o they_o swear_v not_o to_o submit_v to_o any_o peace_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o catholic_n of_o aâ—l_o 61._o pag._n 61._o the_o part_n of_o the_o oath_n this_o methinks_v aught_o lest_o to_o be_v oppugn_v for_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o shall_v expect_v to_o have_v their_o own_o consent_n and_o approbation_n to_o attend_v any_o peace_n that_o will_v be_v conclude_v they_o themselves_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a representative_a of_o the_o nation_n have_v they_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o supreme_a council_n that_o in_o truth_n may_v be_v think_v a_o limitation_n 116._o but_o this_o gentleman_n to_o aggravate_v their_o guilt_n make_v use_v in_o my_o opinion_n of_o a_o very_a speculative_a argument_n say_v that_o if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v they_o but_o 61._o pag._n 61._o make_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o do_v any_o offence_n they_o be_v debar_v of_o it_o by_o this_o oath_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v inform_v how_o it_o may_v otherwise_o be_v know_v than_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o a_o assembly_n that_o they_o accept_v of_o such_o a_o peace_n 117._o i_o have_v already_o mention_v how_o the_o assembly_n give_v way_n to_o the_o proposition_n make_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o have_v they_o confirm_v by_o oath_n be_v loath_a to_o displease_v so_o powerful_a a_o party_n in_o a_o matter_n which_o be_v no_o long_o bind_v than_o a_o assembly_n think_v fit_a and_o therefore_o this_o gentleman_n may_v without_o reply_n from_o i_o comment_n upon_o those_o proposition_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a but_o with_o his_o leave_n he_o will_v not_o gather_v by_o any_o thing_n therein_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o live_v in_o 61._o pag._n 61._o ireland_n but_o papist_n the_o french_a king_n maintain_v the_o catholic_n clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o public_a and_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o function_n throughout_o france_n in_o as_o full_a lustre_n and_o splendour_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o st._n lewis_n yet_o he_o exclude_v not_o the_o hugonott_n 118._o have_v this_o gentleman_n deal_v fair_o with_o the_o reader_n he_o have_v not_o entertain_v he_o with_o proposition_n which_o interest_v 79._o pag._n 62_o 63_o 64_o 65_o 66_o 67_o 68_o 69_o 70_o 71_o 72_o 73_o 74_o 75_o 76_o 77_o 78_o 79._o man_n do_v common_o make_v for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o his_o comment_n upon_o they_o nor_o with_o instruction_n which_o upon_o every_o occasion_n be_v subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o be_v give_v those_o that_o agitate_a the_o affair_n in_o 46._o which_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o he_o shall_v have_v lay_v before_o he_o the_o result_n and_o conclusion_n in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n in_o 48._o and_o tell_v he_o what_o a_o numerous_a people_n the_o king_n be_v to_o satisfy_v who_o without_o exclude_v his_o protestant_a subject_n may_v partake_v of_o his_o favour_n but_o this_o be_v not_o his_o design_n he_o know_v nothing_o can_v be_v grateful_a to_o the_o party_n he_o intend_v to_o pleasure_n but_o the_o foul_a aspersion_n whether_o right_a or_o wrong_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v on_o those_o who_o estate_n they_o possess_v and_o we_o can_v say_v but_o he_o have_v be_v faithful_a to_o they_o how_o unjust_a soever_o to_o catholic_n 119._o now_o pass_v over_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o gentleman_n 80._o pag._n 80._o himself_o call_v digression_n and_o indeed_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o methodical_a way_n oâ—_n vent_v his_o bitterness_n i_o shall_v present_v the_o reader_n instead_o of_o those_o horrid_a oath_n as_o this_o gentleman_n call_v they_o those_o than_o which_o indeed_o not_o write_v wickedness_n can_v ascend_v high_o with_o other_o oath_n that_o have_v be_v esteem_v more_o religious_a oath_n take_v by_o the_o saint_n themselves_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o fautor_n of_o cromwell_n tyranny_n and_o the_o wellwisher_n of_o his_o kingship_n i_o a._n b._n be_v nominate_v a_o member_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n 1648._o the_o form_n of_o a_o expurgatory_n oath_n take_v by_o the_o council_n of_o state_n feb._n 22._o 1648._o by_o this_o present_a parliament_n do_v testify_v that_o i_o do_v adhere_v to_o this_o present_a parliament_n in_o the_o maintenance_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a liberty_n and_o freedom_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v now_o declare_v by_o this_o parliament_n by_o who_o authority_n i_o be_o constitute_v a_o member_n of_o the_o say_a council_n and_o in_o the_o maintenance_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o resolution_n concern_v the_o settle_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o the_o future_a in_o way_n of_o a_o republic_n without_o king_n or_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o i_o do_v promise_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o god_n that_o through_o his_o grace_n i_o will_v be_v faithful_a in_o performance_n of_o the_o trust_v commit_v to_o i_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o therein_o faithful_o pursue_v the_o instruction_n give_v to_o the_o say_a council_n by_o this_o present_a parliament_n and_o not_o to_o reveal_v or_o disclose_v any_o thing_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n direct_o or_o indirect_o that_o shall_v be_v debate_v or_o resolve_v upon_o in_o the_o council_n without_o the_o command_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o without_o the_o order_n or_o allowance_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o that_o shall_v be_v present_a at_o such_o debate_n or_o resolution_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o premise_n i_o have_v hereto_o subscribe_v my_o name_n i_o a._n b._n do_v hereby_o declare_v that_o i_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a issue_n oath_n of_o abjuration_n of_o the_o kâ—ng_n and_o royal_a issue_n title_n of_o charles_n stuart_n and_o the_o whole_a line_n of_o the_o late_a king_n james_n and_o of_o every_o other_o person_n as_o a_o single_a person_n pretend_v to_o the_o government_n of_o these_o nation_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o duminion_n and_o territory_n thereunto_o belong_v and_o that_o i_o will_v by_o the_o grace_n and_o assistance_n of_o almighty_a god_n be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o this_o commonwealth_n against_o any_o king_n single_a person_n and_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o