the_o grind_a muscle_n his_o position_n be_v in_o the_o cheek_n tab_v 6._o fig._n 2._o and_o tab_v 7._o fig._n 3._o i_o ta_o 4._o fig._n 2._o v_o and_o it_o have_v a_o double_a head_n one_o nervous_a proceed_v from_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o cheek_n tab_v 6._o fig._n 2._o λ_n unto_o the_o suture_a where_o the_o jawbone_n meet_v with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o jugal_a or_o yoake-bone_n and_o pass_v along_o unto_o the_o utmost_a angle_n or_o the_o jaw_n which_o we_o call_v his_o acute_a or_o sharp_a process_n the_o other_o head_n be_v fleshy_a and_o pass_v from_o the_o yoake-bone_n ta_o 6_o fig_z 2_o x_o and_o ta_o 7._o fig_n 3_o at_z â—_o towards_o the_o chin_n and_o be_v implant_v very_o strong_o table_n 6_o figu_n 2_o μ_n with_o a_o broad_a insertion_n to_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n so_o as_o it_o represent_v say_v galen_n in_o the_o 4._o chapter_n of_o his_o 11._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la the_o corner_n of_o a_o blunt_a or_o obtuse_a triangle_n the_o top_n whereof_o be_v near_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o cheek_n λ_n one_o side_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o yoake-bone_n from_o λ_n to_o â—_o another_o side_n towards_o the_o low_a jaw_n from_o χ_n to_o μ_n and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o as_o it_o be_v a_o basis_n join_v both_o the_o forename_a side_n to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v extend_v or_o streatched_a according_a to_o his_o length_n the_o fibre_n of_o these_o head_n do_v intersect_v themselves_o like_o this_o figure_n χ_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o fibre_n his_o fibre_n they_o move_v the_o jaw_n as_o well_o on_o both_o side_n as_o also_o forward_a and_o backward_o for_o there_o be_v a_o diverse_a motion_n require_v in_o chew_v or_o grind_v the_o meat_n and_o in_o compass_n for_o as_o the_o use_n and_o action_n of_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n be_v vehement_o to_o join_v the_o tooth_n &_o the_o two_o jaw_n together_o and_o so_o to_o break_v whatsoever_o shall_v light_v between_o they_o so_o the_o action_n of_o these_o chew_v or_o grind_v muscle_n be_v to_o levigate_v or_o shred_v small_a the_o meat_n that_o be_v before_o break_v by_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n to_o this_o action_n the_o tongue_n do_v not_o a_o little_a help_n which_o like_o a_o hand_n turn_v and_o return_v the_o meat_n in_o the_o mouth_n that_o all_o his_o part_n may_v come_v under_o the_o break_v which_o motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v perform_v by_o a_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n call_v linguae_fw-la masticator_n or_o the_o tongue_n chewer_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cheek_n be_v of_o great_a use_n towards_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o foresay_a work_n the_o three_o pair_n of_o muscle_n tab._n 7_o fig._n 4._o near_a to_o b_o be_v situate_a under_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o temple_n bone_n and_o take_v his_o beginning_n partly_o jaw_n the_o 3._o pair_n of_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n from_o the_o upper_a and_o utter_a part_n of_o the_o process_n call_v allforme_v or_o like_a unto_o wing_n which_o be_v sharp_a and_o unequal_a and_o partly_o from_o the_o roof_n and_o sharp_a top_n or_o height_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v sphenoide_n or_o the_o wedg-bone_n which_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o temple_n look_v direct_o against_o the_o yoke-bone_n where_o it_o hang_v over_o a_o large_a rift_n make_v by_o the_o same_o sphenoide_n &_o the_o great_a cheeke-bone_n the_o original_a or_o head_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v partly_o nervous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o have_v get_v this_o fleshinesse_fw-mi it_o be_v lead_v oblique_o backward_o and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n and_o into_o the_o inside_n of_o his_o head_n his_o use_n be_v to_o move_v and_o lift_v forward_o the_o jaw_n as_o the_o next_o that_o follow_v move_v it_o backward_o the_o four_o muscle_n be_v another_o mansorius_n which_o galen_n in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o anatomicall_a jaw_n the_o 4._o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n administration_n the_o four_o chapter_n and_o diverse_a other_o place_n call_v the_o muscle_n lurk_v in_o the_o mouth_n tab._n 7._o fig._n 4_o o_fw-la because_o it_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o great_a bosom_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o jaw_n this_o muscle_n be_v thick_a and_o short_a and_o arise_v very_o nervous_a from_o the_o inward_a cavity_n or_o hollow_a pipe_n of_o the_o wingy_a process_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n call_v sphenoide_n afterward_o become_v fleshy_a large_a and_o thick_o it_o descend_v with_o right_a fibre_n and_o be_v insert_v with_o a_o strong_a nervous_a and_o broad_a tendon_n to_o the_o inner_a and_o backpart_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n where_o the_o roughness_n be_v and_o where_o the_o bosom_n or_o hollowness_n be_v fashion_v that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n about_o the_o almond_n of_o the_o throat_n and_o this_o muscle_n say_v galen_n help_v the_o temporal_a muscle_n to_o which_o it_o grow_v strong_o near_o the_o production_n and_o insertion_n of_o his_o tendon_n for_o it_o draw_v the_o jaw_n inward_a and_o upward_o and_o shut_v the_o mouth_n because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o labour_n to_o draw_v a_o heavy_a thing_n upward_o and_o to_o break_v and_o grind_v a_o hard_a substance_n beside_o when_o the_o jaw_n be_v bring_v forward_o it_o draw_v it_o backward_o again_o the_o five_o muscle_n call_v graphioide_n or_o digastricus_n double_a belly_a table_n 7_o figure_n 3_o open_v and_o figure_v 3_o no_o table_n 6._o figure_n 2_o o_fw-la be_v thin_a and_o small_a arise_v membranous_a and_o very_a broad_a from_o the_o apendixe_v call_v styloide_n from_o whence_o galen_n call_v it_o substance_n the_o fyfre_n and_o last_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n his_o variable_a substance_n graphioide_v because_o the_o ancient_n use_v to_o write_v upon_o waxen_a table_n with_o a_o probe_n which_o they_o call_v stylus_fw-la and_o immediate_o become_v fleshy_a and_o round_a and_o pass_v under_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n and_o the_o ear_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n where_o it_o be_v curue_v or_o crooked_a at_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n it_o lose_v his_o flesh_n and_o become_v nervous_a and_o again_o reconer_v his_o flesh_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o jaw_n fast_o by_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o chin_n where_o the_o inner_a bone_n become_v a_o little_a rugged_a for_o his_o better_a insertion_n and_o where_o both_o the_o muscle_n of_o each_o side_n do_v meet_v albeit_o about_o his_o midst_n it_o cleave_v to_o the_o bone_n call_v hyoide_v there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o place_n a_o kind_n of_o form_n of_o a_o pulley_n for_o because_o these_o muscle_n do_v not_o arise_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n but_o rather_o from_o the_o upper_a they_o can_v not_o move_v the_o jaw_n downward_o unless_o they_o have_v be_v wound_n about_o the_o low_a angle_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n as_o it_o be_v about_o a_o pulley_n the_o use_n of_o this_o pair_n of_o muscle_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o jaw_n downward_o &_o so_o to_o open_v the_o mouth_n and_o by_o consequence_n to_o draw_v the_o tongue_n towards_o the_o throat_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o only_o do_v together_o the_o use_n of_o these_o muscle_n together_o move_v it_o lead_v the_o jaw_n oblique_o to_o his_o own_o side_n it_o be_v call_v digastricus_n because_o it_o have_v two_o venture_n or_o belly_n be_v fleshy_a in_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o the_o end_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n tab._n 7._o fig._n 3_o between_o o_o &_o p_o fig._n â—_o between_z n_z and_z o_o nervous_a or_o tendinous_a which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o and_o to_o the_o second_o pair_n of_o muscle_n of_o the_o bone_n hyoide_v tab_v 7._o fig_n 3_o v_z belly_n what_o muscle_n have_v 2_o belly_n v_o and_o too_o the_o five_o proper_a pair_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_n partly_o for_o more_o strength_n partly_o that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n because_o the_o place_n be_v but_o narrow_a and_o there_o be_v many_o instrument_n to_o fill_v it_o up_o especial_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o of_o the_o hyois_n and_o therefore_o also_o they_o be_v make_v small_a and_o thin_a round_a and_o long_o their_o motion_n be_v but_o easy_a for_o the_o jaw_n fall_v downward_o with_o his_o own_o weight_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o strong_a retractor_n final_o because_o a_o part_n of_o the_o square_a muscle_n which_o with_o galen_n we_o reckon_v among_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cheek_n grow_v more_o strong_o to_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n the_o right_a opinion_n the_o reason_n of_o arantius_n his_o opinion_n and_o the_o left_a meeting_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o
the_o question_n wherein_o galen_n be_v interpret_v of_o galens_n philosophy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o acknowledge_v in_o every_o perfect_a organ_n one_o similar_v particle_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o action_n but_o yet_o he_o never_o mean_v to_o refer_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o perfect_a action_n only_o to_o the_o temper_n of_o that_o particle_n so_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n to_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o vision_n or_o sight_n together_o with_o his_o purity_n smoothness_n and_o situation_n which_o be_v all_o organical_a for_o if_o the_o position_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v change_v if_o it_o be_v drown_v too_o deep_a in_o the_o glassy_a humour_n although_o galen_n what_o we_o must_v resolve_v upon_o according_a to_o galen_n the_o temper_n of_o it_o remain_v neverso_fw-it exquisite_a yet_o the_o vision_n can_v be_v perfect_a in_o a_o word_n therefore_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o original_n of_o the_o action_n depend_v upon_o the_o similar_v part_n and_o his_o temper_n but_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o action_n follow_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o whole_a organ_n and_o this_o galen_n teach_v in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr differentijs_fw-la morborum_fw-la and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr optima_fw-la corpor_fw-la be_v constitutione_n where_o he_o will_v and_o resolve_v that_o the_o action_n do_v first_o of_o all_o and_o original_o issue_n from_o the_o similar_v particle_n but_o their_o accomplishment_n and_o perfection_n depend_v upon_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o whole_a organ_n whether_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n be_v generate_v of_o seed_n qvest._n vii_o maue_v thus_o handle_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o part_n &_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o all_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o entreat_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v call_v spermaticall_a part_n three_o question_n concern_v spermatical_a part_n concern_v which_o there_o be_v three_o question_n among_o the_o rest_n most_o notable_a whether_o they_o be_v immediate_o make_v of_o the_o seed_n whether_o they_o can_v grow_v together_o again_o or_o be_v restore_v and_o whether_o they_o be_v hot_a than_o the_o sanguine_a or_o bloody_a part_n or_o no_o all_o which_o we_o will_v dispute_v in_o order_n the_o first_o question_n be_v hard_o question_n the_o first_o question_n to_o be_v determine_v and_o therefore_o we_o must_v be_v constrain_v to_o take_v our_o rise_n a_o little_a high_o for_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o seed_n which_o be_v entangle_v in_o many_o fold_n of_o difficulty_n must_v first_o be_v unfold_v notwithstanding_o because_o we_o shall_v have_v fit_a opportunity_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o man_n to_o search_v more_o narrow_o into_o the_o mystery_n of_o this_o secret_a we_o will_v content_v ourselves_o in_o this_o place_n brief_o to_o run_v over_o those_o thing_n which_o shall_v most_o concern_v the_o matter_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o between_o the_o physician_n and_o the_o peripatecian_o that_o seed_n be_v a_o principle_n of_o generation_n but_o the_o philosopher_n do_v acknowledge_v it_o only_o to_o be_v a_o formal_a and_o efficient_a principle_n the_o physician_n both_o a_o formal_a and_o a_o material_a formal_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o spirit_n material_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o body_n the_o physician_n therefore_o do_v determine_v that_o the_o reason_n the_o peripatetic_n think_v that_o all_o the_o part_n be_v generate_v of_o blood_n the_o first_o reason_n spermaticall_a part_n be_v generate_v out_o of_o the_o crassament_n or_o thick_a substance_n of_o the_o seed_n the_o peripatetic_n only_o out_o of_o the_o blood_n this_o latter_a opinion_n be_v not_o without_o his_o patron_n and_o abettor_n and_o beside_o support_v itself_o by_o these_o argument_n if_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n be_v make_v of_o the_o seed_n as_o of_o a_o material_a principle_n then_o the_o active_a and_o the_o passive_a the_o act_n and_o the_o power_n the_o mover_n and_o that_o which_o be_v move_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o form_n the_o maker_n and_o the_o thing_n make_v shall_v be_v the_o same_o which_o true_a and_o solid_a philosophy_n will_v not_o admit_v again_o according_a to_o aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o physics_n the_o artizane_n be_v never_o a_o part_n of_o his_o own_o workmanship_n the_o seed_n be_v the_o artizane_n galen_n call_v it_o phidias_n who_o be_v statuary_n the_o second_o aristotle_n phidias_n the_o statuary_n a_o excellent_a statuary_n and_o make_v among_o other_o piece_n minerva_n statue_n of_o ivory_n 26._o cubit_n high_a etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o 20._o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la the_o seed_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o infant_n that_o be_v make_v say_v the_o philosopher_n no_o more_o than_o the_o carpenter_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o he_o hew_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o the_o artificer_n in_o that_o which_o be_v effect_v but_o only_o by_o his_o labour_n through_o motion_n there_o arise_v in_o the_o matter_n a_o form_n and_o a_o shape_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o axiom_n of_o physic_n that_o we_o be_v nourish_v by_o three_o a_o axiom_n in_o physic_n the_o three_o those_o thing_n whereof_o we_o be_v form_v frame_v and_o do_v consist_v but_o all_o the_o part_n of_o man_n be_v nourish_v with_o blood_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v all_o generate_v of_o blood_n also_o furthermore_o if_o the_o principal_a part_n the_o heart_n and_o the_o liver_n be_v make_v of_o blood_n for_o their_o substance_n be_v fleshy_a and_o hypocrates_n call_v they_o both_o fleshy_a entrail_n why_o be_v it_o not_o so_o hypocrates_n the_o four_o hypocrates_n with_o the_o other_o part_n which_o all_o man_n admit_v and_o consent_v to_o be_v make_v and_o perfect_v after_o they_o add_v hereto_o that_o if_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o male_n be_v both_o the_o efficient_a and_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o infant_n five_o the_o five_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o the_o male_a may_v alone_o beget_v a_o infant_n in_o himself_o shall_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v idle_a and_o at_o rest_n which_o all_o philosopher_n with_o one_o consent_n do_v agree_v be_v always_o active_a and_o operative_a final_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o so_o small_a a_o moment_n of_o seed_n as_o ordinary_o sixth_o the_o sixth_o suffice_v for_o the_o generation_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o delineation_n of_o so_o many_o hundred_o nay_o thousand_o of_o bone_n gristle_n ligament_n artery_n nerve_n vein_n membrane_n &_o c_o wherefore_o the_o seed_n have_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o material_a but_o only_o of_o a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o man_n generation_n there_o be_v also_o two_o place_n in_o galen_n which_o seem_v to_o favour_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o peripatetike_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr naturalibus_fw-la facultatibus_fw-la where_o he_o say_v the_o seed_n be_v a_o â—ffective_a principle_n of_o the_o creature_n for_o the_o material_a be_v the_o menstrual_a blood_n the_o other_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n where_o he_o speak_v very_o plain_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n say_v he_o between_o the_o workmanship_n of_o phydias_n and_o of_o nature_n for_o phydias_n of_o wax_n can_v never_o make_v ivory_n and_o gold_n but_o nature_n keep_v not_o the_o old_a form_n of_o any_o matter_n generate_a of_o blood_n bloodless_a part_n as_o for_o example_n bones_o gristle_n nerve_n vein_n artery_n all_o bloodless_a yet_o make_v of_o blood_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o galen_n be_v of_o another_o mind_n to_o wit_n that_o all_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n be_v make_v of_o seed_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr semine_fw-la where_o he_o invey_v purposely_o 〈◊〉_d the_o contrary_a opinion_n of_o the_o physician_n authority_n of_o 〈◊〉_d against_o aristotle_n concern_v this_o matter_n teach_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v both_o the_o efficient_a and_o the_o material_a cause_n of_o their_o generation_n the_o efficient_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o spirit_n the_o matter_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o crassament_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o that_o admirable_a and_o unimitable_a ingeny_n or_o discourse_n of_o hypocrates_n do_v first_o bring_v this_o light_n into_o the_o world_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la pveri_fw-la de_fw-la principijs_fw-la and_o the_o four_o de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la and_o aristotle_n himself_o be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v as_o much_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o physics_n and_o in_o his_o aristotle_n aristotle_n book_n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la animalium_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o some_o part_n be_v make_v only_o of_o a_o alimentarie_a excrement_n some_o of_o a_o alimentarie_a and_o a_o seminal_a together_o beside_o not_o to_o stand_v upon_o authority_n we_o have_v weight_n of_o reason_n to_o prove_v it_o the_o seed_n of_o
that_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n may_v reunite_v the_o first_o argument_n to_o the_o first_o intention_n as_o chirurgeon_n use_v to_o speak_v and_o this_o they_o establish_v by_o these_o argument_n where_o the_o efficient_a material_a and_o final_a cause_n of_o coalition_n be_v there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v a_o rejunction_n but_o in_o young_a grow_v and_o age_a man_n this_o threefold_a cause_n be_v present_a therefore_o in_o all_o such_o there_o may_v be_v coalition_n the_o mayor_n proposition_n of_o itself_o be_v clear_a enough_o the_o minor_a be_v thus_o confirm_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o coalition_n be_v the_o form_v faculty_n which_o use_v heat_n as_o her_o instrument_n this_o faculty_n be_v seat_v natural_o in_o every_o part_n but_o more_o manifest_o in_o the_o solid_a part_n then_o in_o the_o fleshy_a the_o matter_n of_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n be_v seed_n of_o which_o there_o be_v sufficient_a plenty_n as_o for_o nutrition_n and_o accretion_n or_o growth_n so_o also_o for_o a_o new_a generation_n hypocrates_n also_o galen_n and_o aristotle_n aristotle_n hypocrates_n galen_n aristotle_n do_v agree_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v a_o excrement_n or_o rather_o surplusage_n of_o the_o last_o concoction_n now_o the_o last_o and_o most_o absolute_a aliment_n be_v plentiful_a enough_o never_o fail_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o decrepit_a age_n and_o therefore_o the_o excrement_n or_o surplusage_n of_o it_o be_v not_o want_v moreover_o according_a to_o hypocrates_n vein_n artery_n nerve_n and_o all_o spermaticall_a part_n have_v the_o power_n of_o procreating_a seed_n neither_o be_v the_o final_a cause_n want_v for_o a_o break_a bone_n and_o a_o divide_a vein_n do_v after_o a_o sort_n desire_n and_o strive_v to_o be_v reunite_v because_o the_o solace_n and_o comfort_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o union_n as_o her_o sorrow_n and_o desolation_n in_o solution_n they_o have_v also_o another_o argument_n not_o inelegant_a hollow_a ulcer_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o new_a flesh_n intertex_v argument_n the_o second_o argument_n and_o weave_v with_o small_a and_o capillarie_o vein_n artery_n and_o sinew_n for_o that_o flesh_n be_v sensible_a it_o live_v and_o be_v nourish_v therefore_o of_o necessity_n by_o vein_n artery_n and_o sinew_n who_o be_v so_o mad_a that_o he_o dare_v exclude_v the_o tooth_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o spermaticall_a part_n but_o they_o grow_v again_o after_o they_o be_v extract_v hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la make_v hypocrates_n the_o three_o argument_n hypocrates_n a_o threefould_a generation_n of_o the_o tooth_n the_o first_o from_o the_o seed_n in_o the_o womb_n the_o second_o from_o milk_n the_o three_o from_o more_o solid_a aliment_n now_o if_o by_o the_o transmutation_n of_o the_o aliment_n the_o spermaticall_a part_n do_v increase_v why_o shall_v they_o not_o be_v reunite_v see_v that_o accreation_n galen_n the_o four_o the_o five_o galen_n be_v one_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o generation_n galen_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o method_n and_o in_o the_o fourteen_o of_o his_o method_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v many_o sculdered_a &_o reunited_a artery_n he_o tell_v a_o story_n of_o a_o young_a man_n who_o have_v a_o artery_n divide_v in_o his_o arm_n which_o afterward_o do_v perfect_o reunite_v again_o also_o in_o his_o 91._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr arte_fw-la parda_fw-it and_o in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o his_o method_n he_o affirm_v that_o the_o bone_n of_o child_n may_v reunite_v these_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o they_o urge_v and_o wherewith_o they_o goad_n we_o to_o subscribe_v that_o spermaticall_a part_n even_o according_a to_o the_o first_o intention_n may_v reunite_v themselves_o those_o which_o have_v give_v up_o their_o name_n against_o this_o opinion_n do_v labour_n to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a by_o authority_n and_o by_o reason_n and_o first_o they_o oppose_v the_o sixti_v aphorism_n of_o it_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n authority_n for_o it_o the_o sixth_o section_n if_o a_o bone_n a_o gristle_n a_o nerve_n or_o the_o foreskin_n be_v cut_v they_o never_o reunite_v again_o galen_n in_o the_o 8._o and_o 10._o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr semine_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o 87._o chapter_n de_fw-la arte_fw-la parua_fw-la write_v that_o the_o fleshy_a part_n do_v easy_o conglutinate_v spermatical_a never_o and_o in_o the_o 91._o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n chapter_n artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la he_o esteem_v a_o fracture_n in_o a_o bone_n to_o be_v incurable_a because_o bone_n do_v not_o reunite_v according_a to_o the_o first_o intention_n these_o authority_n be_v second_v by_o reason_n first_o both_o reason_n reason_n the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n of_o reunition_n be_v want_v the_o efficient_a be_v the_o formative_a faculty_n which_o be_v only_o in_o the_o seed_n who_o drowsy_a &_o lusking_a faculty_n be_v only_o bring_v into_o act_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o womb_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o remain_v in_o the_o solid_a part_n a_o faculty_n conserve_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n but_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n anew_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o seed_n the_o efficient_a therefore_o be_v want_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o matter_n at_o hand_n as_o the_o seed_n which_o be_v generate_v only_o in_o the_o testicle_n how_o can_v it_o be_v transfer_v to_o the_o head_n the_o arm_n or_o any_o other_o part_n reunition_n what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v three_o conclusion_n and_o 3._o foundation_n the_o first_o foundation_n a_o double_a reunition_n out_o of_o these_o wave_n and_o storm_n of_o opinion_n that_o we_o may_v redeem_v and_o establish_v their_o mind_n that_o be_v yet_o incertaine_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o set_v they_o safe_a aland_o in_o a_o quiet_a harbour_n we_o will_v determine_v the_o whole_a question_n by_o three_o conclusion_n and_o these_o conclusion_n shall_v have_v three_o foundation_n the_o first_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o galen_n in_o the_o 90._o and_o 91._o chapter_n de_fw-fr arte_fw-la parua_fw-la and_o be_v on_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v a_o double_a reunition_n of_o dissolve_a part_n one_o after_o the_o first_o scope_n another_o after_o the_o second_o scope_n or_o intention_n the_o first_o intention_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v in_o agglutination_n which_o we_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o second_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v in_o colligation_n which_o we_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o be_v sometime_o accomplish_v without_o any_o medium_n that_o be_v aught_o come_v between_o as_o in_o flesh_n which_o be_v cut_v or_o divide_v be_v coalition_n what_o be_v the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n in_o coalition_n present_o glue_v together_o sometime_o with_o a_o medium_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n which_o we_o call_v medium_n homogeneum_fw-la the_o second_o intention_n be_v accomplish_v with_o a_o medium_n of_o another_o kind_n which_o we_o call_v medium_n heterogeneum_fw-la as_o with_o a_o callus_fw-la cicatrice_n or_o scar_n and_o such_o like_o which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o the_o part_n dissect_v or_o separate_v now_o that_o part_n may_v rejoine_v according_a to_o the_o first_o intention_n and_o by_o a_o homogeny_n medium_n or_o mean_v many_o thing_n be_v require_v first_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o efficient_a to_o wit_n of_o the_o formative_a faculty_n and_o of_o the_o native_a heat_n again_o a_o due_a disposition_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o must_v be_v plentiful_a that_o it_o may_v intention_n what_o thing_n be_v require_v to_o the_o first_o intention_n suffice_v nutrition_n accretion_n and_o a_o new_a generation_n moreover_o it_o must_v be_v minister_v not_o by_o little_a and_o little_a but_o togetherward_o that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v sudden_o and_o at_o once_o alter_v that_o nothing_o of_o a_o diverse_a kind_n may_v interpose_v itself_o between_o the_o disjoin_v part_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o alteration_n another_o foundation_n be_v this_o of_o spermaticall_a part_n some_o be_v soft_a as_o vein_n some_o hard_a three_o the_o second_o foundation_n the_o three_o as_o artery_n and_o nerve_n some_o hard_a of_o all_o as_o bone_n the_o three_o foundation_n that_o in_o infancy_n and_o childhood_n all_o the_o spermatical_a part_n be_v exceed_o soft_a and_o the_o bone_n like_v curdle_v or_o gather_v butter_n and_o coagulate_v or_o sam_v cheese_n but_o in_o those_o that_o be_v grow_v to_o further_a year_n they_o become_v dry_a and_o in_o old_a man_n very_o dry_a because_o our_o life_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o dry_n of_o the_o spermaticall_a part_n these_o foundation_n be_v thus_o lay_v we_o conclude_v thus_o triplewise_o first_o that_o fleshy_a part_n conclusion_n the_o triple_a conclusion_n be_v easy_o regenerate_v and_o do_v reunite_v according_a to_o the_o first_o intention_n but_o
sense_n by_o the_o nerve_n òr_n sinew_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o many_o vessel_n be_v carry_v unto_o and_o do_v determine_v in_o the_o skin_n from_o the_o axillary_a jugular_a and_o crurall_a vein_n many_o small_a surcle_n and_o as_o many_o artery_n bear_v they_o company_n interlace_v also_o it_o be_v with_o manifold_a nerve_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o not_o resolve_v that_o the_o skin_n be_v weave_v together_o of_o their_o thread_n galen_n think_v the_o skin_n be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o infant_n that_o be_v form_v the_o truth_n of_o which_o assertion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v in_o another_o place_n some_o think_v the_o skin_n be_v make_v opinion_n other_o opinion_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o flesh_n dry_v because_o in_o wound_n the_o flesh_n dry_v degenerate_v into_o a_o cicatrice_n or_o scar_v which_o be_v very_o like_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o skin_n this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n and_o galen_n aristotle_n avouch_v that_o as_o the_o flesh_n grow_v old_a so_o it_o turn_v into_o skin_n galen_n that_o the_o skin_n be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o flesh_n which_o be_v under_o it_o but_o because_o between_o the_o flesh_n &_o the_o skin_n there_o be_v many_o body_n interpose_v to_o wit_n the_o fat_a and_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n which_o be_v true_o nervous_a unless_o it_o be_v about_o the_o neck_n &_o the_o face_n i_o can_v see_v how_o the_o skin_n shall_v grow_v out_o of_o the_o flesh_n and_o that_o skin_n or_o scar_n rather_o which_o result_v upon_o wound_n when_o the_o flesh_n be_v soften_v &_o dry_v by_o epulotical_a medicine_n as_o they_o call_v they_o be_v not_o a_o true_a skin_n but_o illegitimate_a engender_v of_o a_o substance_n of_o another_o kind_n for_o it_o be_v hard_a than_o the_o true_a skin_n &_o more_o sight_n &_o therefore_o never_o have_v any_o hair_n grow_v upon_o it_o false_a the_o difference_n between_o a_o scar_n and_o the_o true_a skin_n another_o opinion_n but_o prove_v false_a and_o in_o tan_v it_o will_v fall_v away_o whence_o come_v the_o hole_n in_o sheep_n skin_n when_o they_o be_v make_v into_o parchment_n some_o think_v it_o be_v compound_v of_o flesh_n and_o sinew_n mingle_v together_o because_o in_o many_o place_n of_o galen_n the_o skin_n be_v call_v a_o bloody_a nerve_n but_o this_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a by_o this_o one_o argument_n because_o where_o there_o be_v most_o store_n of_o nerve_n there_o the_o skin_n be_v not_o the_o hard_a for_o they_o as_o in_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n there_o be_v more_o nerve_n then_o in_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o yet_o the_o skin_n in_o the_o crown_n be_v much_o hard_a than_o that_o of_o the_o palm_n i_o think_v determination_n the_o determination_n and_o for_o this_o time_n determine_v that_o the_o skin_n be_v engender_v together_o with_o the_o other_o part_n to_o wit_n of_o seed_n and_o blood_n mix_v together_o and_o may_v therefore_o be_v call_v a_o fleshy_a nerve_n or_o a_o nervous_a flesh_n because_o it_o have_v a_o middle_a nature_n between_o flesh_n and_o a_o know_v for_o it_o be_v not_o utter_o without_o blood_n as_o a_o nerve_n nor_o so_o abound_v with_o blood_n as_o flesh_n that_o there_o be_v blood_n in_o it_o appear_v blood_n a_o argument_n that_o the_o skin_n be_v make_v of_o seed_n and_o blood_n evident_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o little_o wound_v that_o it_o be_v of_o seed_n this_o one_o argument_n may_v serve_v for_o all_o that_o when_o it_o be_v perish_v it_o can_v never_o be_v restore_v for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o heal_v a_o wound_n where_o any_o part_n of_o the_o skin_n be_v take_v away_o without_o a_o scar_n or_o cicatrice_n more_o or_o less_o whether_o the_o skin_n perform_v any_o common_a and_o official_a action_n qvest._n four_o many_o physician_n have_v the_o same_o opinion_n of_o the_o use_n and_o action_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o they_o have_v of_o the_o use_n and_o action_n of_o bone_n the_o bone_n have_v a_o common_a opinion_n the_o common_a opinion_n or_o official_a use_n so_o say_v hypocrates_n they_o give_v the_o body_n stability_n uprightness_n and_o figure_n but_o that_o they_o perform_v no_o common_a or_o official_a action_n i_o account_v ossium_fw-la hip._n lib._n de_fw-fr natu_fw-la ossium_fw-la that_o a_o common_a action_n which_o be_v serviceable_a either_o to_o more_o part_n or_o to_o the_o whole_a creature_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o skin_n have_v indeed_o a_o common_a use_n because_o it_o cover_v the_o whole_a body_n cherish_v it_o &_o ty_v it_o together_o but_o it_o be_v not_o think_v to_o perform_v any_o official_a or_o common_a action_n galen_n speak_v very_o plain_o the_o skin_n say_v he_o concoct_v not_o as_o the_o stomach_n it_o distribute_v not_o as_o the_o gut_n and_o the_o vein_n it_o breed_v not_o blood_n as_o the_o liver_n it_o frame_v not_o any_o pulsation_n as_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o artcry_n it_o cause_v not_o respiration_n as_o the_o lung_n and_o the_o chest_n it_o move_v not_o with_o voluntary_a motion_n as_o the_o muscle_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o one_o common_a action_n may_v be_v attribute_v unto_o it_o to_o wit_n a_o animal_n action_n animal_n the_o common_a action_n of_o the_o skin_n be_v animal_n for_o although_o all_o sensation_n be_v passion_n because_o to_o be_v sensative_a be_v to_o suffer_v yet_o there_o be_v no_o sensation_n without_o a_o action_n the_o better_a learned_a philosopher_n in_o all_o sensation_n do_v acknowledge_v a_o double_a motion_n one_o material_a another_o formal_n the_o former_a motion_n be_v in_o make_v how_o sensation_n be_v make_v the_o reception_n of_o the_o species_n for_o we_o must_v crave_v liberty_n to_o use_v our_o school_n term_n the_o latter_a in_o a_o action_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o instrument_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n the_o latter_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o power_n be_v in_o the_o soul_n the_o first_o be_v not_o the_o effectuate_a cause_n of_o sensation_n but_o a_o disposition_n thereto_o the_o latter_a be_v essential_o sensation_n itself_o whereas_o therefore_o the_o skin_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o those_o quality_n which_o strike_v or_o move_v the_o tactive_a sense_n and_o be_v thereupon_o esteem_v the_o judge_n and_o discerner_n of_o outward_a touch_v it_o perform_v unto_o the_o whole_a creature_n not_o only_o a_o common_a use_n but_o also_o a_o common_a or_o official_a action_n beside_o it_o have_v another_o skin_n the_o private_a action_n of_o the_o skin_n private_a action_n to_o wit_n nutrition_n to_o which_o as_o handmaid_n do_v serve_v the_o draw_v retain_v concoct_v and_o expel_v faculty_n &_o more_o than_o these_o have_v no_o part_n in_o the_o body_n of_o man_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o whole_a we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o skin_n beside_o his_o common_a use_n and_o private_a action_n perform_v to_o the_o body_n a_o common_a and_o official_a action_n to_o wit_n sensation_n qvest._n v._o whether_o it_o be_v heat_n or_o cold_a whereby_o fat_a be_v congeal_v the_o diverse_a yea_o contrary_a gust_n of_o opinion_n among_o ancient_a physician_n about_o the_o generation_n of_o fat_a have_v raise_v such_o a_o tempest_n in_o our_o art_n that_o the_o wave_n be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n settle_v there_o need_v therefore_o some_o aeolus_n mulcere_fw-la hos_fw-la fluct_v we_o to_o appease_v these_o wave_n to_o call_v in_o the_o wind_n or_o to_o abate_v they_o into_o a_o calm_a which_o we_o will_v at_o this_o time_n intend_v to_o do_v in_o want_n of_o better_a help_n as_o well_o as_o we_o may_v and_o because_o we_o will_v not_o be_v accumbr_v with_o the_o variety_n of_o name_n which_o be_v usual_o give_v to_o this_o substance_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o pingueà o_o adeps_fw-la auxungia_fw-la and_o facultat_fw-la the_o name_n of_o fat_n 2_o the_o partib_n animal_n 4._o &_o 11._o the_o simple_a med_n c._n facultat_fw-la sevum_fw-la be_v promiscuous_o use_v by_o physician_n albeit_o aristotle_n and_o galen_n have_v take_v great_a pain_n to_o distinguish_v they_o every_o one_o from_o another_o to_o which_o place_n we_o refer_v those_o who_o desire_v herein_o satisfaction_n for_o we_o will_v only_o pain_v ourselves_o about_o the_o temper_n and_o generation_n of_o fat_a at_o this_o time_n galen_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o fat_a be_v congeal_v by_o cold_a and_o that_o he_o express_o declare_v together_o cold_a how_o fat_a be_v curdle_v galens_n opinion_n by_o cold_a with_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o in_o this_o manner_n when_o the_o asery_n and_o more_o oily_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n sweat_v through_o the_o thin_a coat_n of_o the_o vein_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o dew_n and_o light_v upon_o the_o cold_a part_n such_o as_o be_v membrane_n it_o be_v then_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o cold_a condense_a and_o hence_o it_o
genitura_fw-la de_fw-la morbo_fw-la sacro_fw-la or_o of_o the_o epilepsy_n &_o de_fw-fr aere_fw-la aquis_fw-la &_o locis_fw-la for_o there_o he_o say_v that_o seed_n yssu_v from_o all_o moisture_n which_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o body_n and_o in_o another_o place_n seed_n fall_v from_o all_o the_o part_n sound_a seed_n from_o sound_a part_n and_o sick_a or_o disease_v from_o disease_a part_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o lame_a man_n beget_v lame_a child_n bald_a man_n bald_a child_n and_o spleniticke_a man_n child_n afflict_v with_o the_o spleen_n this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o four_o reason_n first_o because_o in_o the_o act_n of_o generation_n or_o reason_n confirm_v by_o four_o reason_n copulation_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v delight_v and_o as_o it_o be_v stupefy_v with_o a_o ecstasy_n of_o pleasure_n or_o if_o you_o will_v suffer_v a_o pleasant_a convulsion_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o coition_n be_v call_v parua_fw-la epilepsia_n a_o light_a fit_a of_o the_o fall_v sickness_n as_o we_o say_v even_o now_o the_o second_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o child_n bear_v the_o character_n of_o the_o father_n imperfection_n bald_a man_n bald_a child_n lame_a man_n lame_a child_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o all_o the_o cense_v of_o hereditary_a disease_n three_o because_o those_o that_o be_v immoderate_a in_o the_o use_n of_o venus_n do_v waste_n and_o consume_v all_o the_o part_n of_o their_o body_n final_o because_o child_n do_v resemble_v their_o parent_n in_o all_o part_n of_o their_o body_n there_o be_v a_o elegant_a history_n of_o a_o boy_n in_o calcedo_n who_o bear_v in_o his_o right_a arm_n from_o his_o history_n a_o elegant_a history_n birth_n certain_a mark_n which_o be_v sear_v before_o in_o his_o father_n right_a arm_n also_o but_o this_o opinion_n be_v gainsay_v and_o disproove_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 17._o and_o 18._o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la &_o that_o with_o weighty_a argument_n which_o we_o listen_v not_o fernelius_n aristotle_n fernelius_n here_o transcribe_v fernelius_n also_o in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o his_o physiologia_fw-la and_o the_o second_o chapter_n add_v other_o reason_n to_o which_o we_o refer_v the_o studious_a reader_n it_o shall_v suffice_v we_o in_o this_o place_n to_o answer_v the_o former_a argument_n the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o universal_a pleasure_n and_o tickle_a delight_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n answer_v the_o former_a argument_n answer_v be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o even_o in_o itch_a the_o whole_a body_n be_v tickle_v though_o only_o one_o part_n itch_v moreover_o if_o the_o pleasure_n be_v therefore_o conceive_v because_o the_o seed_n flow_v from_o the_o whole_a body_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v perceive_v in_o all_o the_o body_n at_o once_o but_o by_o degree_n first_o in_o one_o part_n then_o in_o another_o as_o the_o seed_n fall_v from_o this_o or_o that_o part_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o in_o one_o moment_n of_o time_n the_o seed_n be_v derive_v from_o all_o the_o part_n into_o the_o testicle_n and_o so_o into_o the_o coition_n why_o all_o the_o body_n be_v tickle_v in_o coition_n eiaculatory_a vessel_n we_o therefore_o acknowledge_v another_o cause_n of_o that_o pleasure_n whereby_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v delight_v in_o coition_n to_o wit_n the_o high_a heat_n froathinesse_n and_o abundant_a spirit_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o that_o seed_n so_o qualify_v as_o it_o tickle_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n with_o his_o sudden_a motion_n it_o draw_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o a_o sympathy_n and_o consent_n with_o they_o for_o as_o if_o a_o membrane_n be_v affect_v any_o way_n with_o pain_n all_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o body_n conceyve_v a_o sense_n of_o dolour_n therewith_o so_o when_o a_o membrane_n be_v tickle_v the_o whole_a body_n receyve_v a_o sense_n of_o delight_n and_o be_v likewise_o move_v therewith_o that_o lame_a man_n beget_v lame_a childeren_n or_o maim_v maim_v be_v not_o perpetual_o true_a for_o we_o see_v oftentimes_o that_o lame_a man_n beget_v perfect_a childeren_n and_o he_o that_o want_v a_o joint_n beget_v a_o child_n with_o all_o his_o joint_n that_o in_o immoderate_a coition_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v resolve_v and_o consume_v happen_v because_o the_o remaynder_n of_o the_o aliment_n and_o the_o spirit_n be_v in_o such_o man_n exhaust_v whereof_o when_o the_o part_n be_v defraud_v than_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n waste_v and_o consume_v and_o therefore_o avicen_n say_v that_o the_o great_a expense_n of_o seed_n waste_v the_o body_n forty_o time_n so_o much_o as_o the_o expense_n or_o the_o loss_n of_o blood_n if_o the_o loss_n of_o they_o both_o be_v proportionable_a final_o that_o which_o they_o obtrude_v concern_v the_o likeness_n of_o childeren_n to_o their_o parent_n belong_v to_o a_o high_a contemplation_n and_o shall_v be_v dispute_v at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n yet_o thus_o much_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o say_v for_o answer_v that_o the_o similitude_n they_o speak_v off_o proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o crass_a and_o thick_a matter_n of_o the_o seed_n as_o from_o the_o formative_a faculty_n seat_v in_o the_o particular_a part_n and_o communicate_v to_o the_o testicle_n and_o at_o length_n to_o the_o seed_n by_o the_o influent_a spirit_n which_o be_v near_o of_o kin_n unto_o those_o which_o have_v their_o perpetual_a residence_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n we_o therefore_o do_v protest_v against_o that_o old_a error_n as_o a_o beggarly_a rudiment_n receive_v from_o hand_n to_o hand_n among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o seed_n fall_v from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n some_o there_o be_v who_o derive_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o seed_n from_o the_o brayn_n and_o the_o spinall_n brain_n another_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o derive_v the_o seed_n from_o the_o brain_n marrow_n this_o opinion_n of_o they_o i_o will_v illustrate_v by_o authority_n example_n and_o reason_n the_o authority_n be_v that_o of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr genitura_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v diffuse_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o loin_n and_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n from_o thence_o into_o the_o kidney_n from_o the_o kidney_n it_o attayn_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o testicle_n to_o the_o privy_a part_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la ossium_fw-la he_o write_v that_o the_o jugular_a it_o authority_n to_o prove_v it_o vein_n proceed_v from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o head_n into_o the_o testicle_n and_o thither_o convey_v the_o seed_n wherefore_o from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o testicle_n hypocrates_n show_v a_o double_a way_n the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o the_o vein_n behind_o the_o ear_n plato_n in_o his_o timaeus_n define_v seed_n to_o be_v a_o defluxion_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n alemaeon_n a_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o brain_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a people_n think_v that_o the_o brain_n and_o marrow_n of_o the_o bone_n do_v engender_v much_o seed_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n there_o be_v elegant_a history_n in_o hypocrates_n book_n history_n history_n de_fw-fr aëre_fw-la aquis_fw-la et_fw-la locis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v of_o such_o man_n as_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o of_o the_o scythian_n there_o be_v in_o time_n pass_v among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o europe_n certain_a man_n call_v macrocephali_a who_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n who_o head_n be_v long_o and_o such_o be_v account_v be_v macrocephali_n what_o they_o be_v noble_a and_o generous_a spirit_n and_o therefore_o the_o nurse_n be_v wont_a to_o press_v the_o tender_a head_n of_o infant_n and_o to_o lengthen_v they_o with_o swath_n till_o at_o length_n those_o that_o by_o custom_n and_o constraint_n have_v long_a head_n beget_v child_n with_o long_a head_n natural_o and_o by_o conformation_n without_o any_o constraint_n at_o all_o the_o scythian_n have_v no_o skill_n at_o all_o in_o horsemanship_a and_o ride_v without_o stirrup_n ear_n the_o scythian_n cut_v the_o vein_n behind_o the_o ear_n grow_v all_o of_o they_o almost_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o hipgowt_n or_o sciatica_n which_o disease_n that_o they_o may_v cure_v they_o cause_v the_o vein_n behind_o their_o ear_n to_o be_v open_v which_o be_v cut_v a_o sunder_o they_o after_o prove_v barren_a and_o some_o think_v this_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o the_o cicatrice_n or_o scar_n close_v up_o the_o way_n of_o the_o seed_n descend_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o which_o conceit_n a_o lawyer_n it_o may_v be_v allude_v write_v that_o thief_n shall_v have_v their_o ear_n cut_v off_o lest_o they_o shall_v beget_v young_a thief_n they_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o fruitful_a and_o best_a
their_o course_n and_o of_o milk_n their_o aliment_n fail_v the_o soon_a it_o be_v also_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o large_a and_o great_a creature_n do_v carry_v their_o burden_n long_a why_o great_a creature_n carry_v their_o young_a long_a the_o long_a because_o they_o do_v not_o so_o soon_o attain_v the_o perfection_n of_o their_o increment_n or_o growth_n so_o a_o elephant_n bring_v not_o forth_o before_o the_o second_o year_n after_o her_o conception_n but_o house-dove_n breed_v every_o month_n man_n be_v of_o all_o creature_n the_o most_o perfect_a the_o most_o wise_a the_o most_o temperate_a and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o have_v also_o moderate_a time_n of_o gestation_n that_o be_v the_o 7._o and_o the_o 9_o month_n if_o nature_n be_v not_o interrupt_v or_o prevent_v qvest._n xxxii_o whether_o in_o a_o desperate_a birth_n the_o caesarian_a section_n be_v to_o be_v attempt_v aristotle_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la animalium_fw-la say_v that_o among_o all_o difficult_a why_o the_o birth_n of_o man_n be_v most_o difficult_a creature_n a_o woman_n travel_n be_v most_o laborious_a and_o difficult_a as_o well_o because_o she_o lead_v a_o soft_a and_o sedentary_a life_n as_o for_o that_o a_o man_n brain_n be_v the_o large_a an_o so_o his_o head_n great_a especial_o as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o his_o mother_n womb_n now_o the_o head_n birth_n a_o miracle_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o birth_n use_v to_o come_v forward_o in_o the_o birth_n this_o birth_n as_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o fifteen_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la exceed_v all_o admiration_n for_o the_o mouth_n or_o orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n which_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gestation_n be_v so_o close_v that_o a_o needle_n point_n can_v pass_v into_o it_o in_o the_o birth_n be_v so_o enlarge_v that_o the_o infant_n yssu_v out_o thererat_a but_o there_o be_v many_o obstacle_n which_o intercept_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o infant_n by_o the_o orifice_n and_o infant_n what_o thing_n hinder_v the_o outgate_n of_o the_o infant_n neck_n of_o the_o womb_n as_o the_o thickness_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o infant_n or_o natural_a straytnesse_n of_o the_o inward_a orifice_n and_o of_o the_o neck_n a_o distortion_n inslamation_n some_o tumour_n against_o nature_n a_o fleshy_a caruncle_n a_o scar_n or_o the_o faulty_a confirmation_n of_o the_o sharebone_n for_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o share-bone_n there_o be_v a_o sharp_a process_n which_o interclude_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o infant_n unto_o the_o birth_n blace_n and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n that_o the_o woman_n can_v be_v deliver_v wherefore_o either_o the_o infant_n must_v perish_v or_o the_o mother_n or_o both_o together_o in_o this_o so_o dead_a the_o womb_n must_v be_v present_o open_v if_o the_o mother_n be_v dead_a hard_a and_o desperate_a a_o extremity_n the_o question_n be_v what_o may_v be_v attempt_v we_o answer_v if_o the_o mother_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o child_n yet_o live_v then_o present_o without_o any_o delay_n the_o womb_n of_o the_o mother_n must_v be_v rip_v open_a and_o those_o child_n that_o be_v thus_o take_v forth_o be_v call_v caesares_fw-la or_o caesones_o from_o the_o cut_n of_o the_o mother_n womb_n from_o whence_o the_o caesar_n have_v their_o name_n after_o this_o manner_n as_o pliny_n report_v in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n be_v scipio_n affricanus_fw-la the_o elder_a julius_n caesar_n and_o manilius_n bear_v but_o if_o the_o mother_n be_v yet_o alive_a and_o the_o infant_n by_o no_o other_o mean_n can_v safe_o be_v bring_v forth_o the_o same_o section_n or_o open_n of_o the_o womb_n may_v be_v administer_v for_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a physician_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o the_o wound_n of_o the_o muscle_n paulus_n though_o the_o mother_n live_v yet_o this_o section_n may_v be_v attempt_v hypocrates_n paulus_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la or_o rim_n be_v not_o mortal_a hypocrates_n in_o the_o three_o section_n of_o his_o sixth_o book_n epidemiωn_o command_v we_o to_o cut_v our_o dropsy_n patient_n instant_o now_o this_o section_n for_o the_o dropsy_n be_v a_o wound_n of_o the_o epigastrium_n or_o low_a belly_n and_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la as_o for_o the_o womb_n itself_o paulus_n aegineta_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o wound_n thereof_o be_v not_o mortal_a it_o appear_v unto_o we_o say_v he_o that_o though_o the_o whole_a matrix_fw-la be_v take_v away_o the_o woman_n will_v ordinary_o suruive_v concern_v this_o caesarian_a section_n franciscus_n rossetus_n the_o french_a king_n physician_n have_v rosset_n franciscus_n rosset_n set_v forth_o a_o elegant_a book_n so_o beautify_v with_o history_n and_o abound_v with_o good_a argument_n that_o we_o shall_v abuse_v our_o time_n and_o your_o patience_n to_o transcribe_v they_o in_o this_o place_n wherefore_o we_o remit_v those_o who_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n herein_o to_o that_o learned_a author_n qvest._n xxxiii_o whether_o in_o the_o birth_n the_o share_n and_o haunch-bone_n do_v part_v asunder_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o conformation_n life_n and_o nourishment_n of_o the_o infant_n be_v indeed_o full_a of_o admiration_n but_o her_o last_o endeavour_n in_o the_o birth_n thereof_o be_v indeed_o the_o crown_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o that_o which_o exceed_v all_o admiration_n for_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n which_o after_o the_o first_o apprehension_n and_o conception_n birth_n the_o wonderful_a endeavour_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v so_o exquisite_o close_v that_o it_o will_v not_o admit_v the_o point_n of_o a_o probe_n now_o that_o the_o infant_n with_o turn_v kick_a and_o break_v of_o the_o membrane_n prepare_v towards_o his_o enlargement_n it_o be_v so_o relax_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o gate_n wide_o open_a but_o because_o nature_n be_v so_o wise_a and_o provident_a that_o she_o undertake_v nothing_o without_o due_a preparation_n therefore_o in_o the_o last_o month_n of_o gestation_n she_o lyne_v the_o inner_a surface_n of_o the_o orifice_n with_o a_o slimy_a and_o mucous_a humour_n which_o thereupon_o become_v moist_a and_o soft_a do_v more_o easy_o distend_v or_o enlarge_v itself_o without_o fear_n of_o laceration_n or_o tear_v now_o whereas_o the_o womb_n be_v contain_v within_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o hanchbone_n and_o be_v wall_v about_o on_o the_o fore-side_n with_o the_o sharebone_n on_o the_o backside_n with_o the_o holy_a and_o rump-bone_n and_o on_o either_o side_n with_o the_o haunch_n whereof_o some_o be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o fast_n and_o immovable_a articulation_n other_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o cartilege_n or_o gristle_n whether_o in_o the_o birth_n there_o be_v a_o divulsion_n or_o separation_n of_o these_o bone_n that_o now_o be_v the_o question_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n some_o learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o sharebone_n and_o the_o haunch-bone_n be_v sever_v hypocrates_n that_o the_o bone_n be_v part_v in_o the_o birth_n authority_n hypocrates_n which_o also_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o right_n learned_a man_n and_o by_o reason_n which_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o fair_a show_n of_o truth_n hypocrates_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la pveri_fw-la write_v on_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o very_a birth_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o rack_n but_o especial_o the_o loin_n and_o the_o haunch_n for_o their_o coxendices_fw-la be_v distract_v and_o part_v asunder_o and_o avicen_n in_o his_o three_o book_n fen._n 21._o tract_n at_o 1._o cap._n 2._o say_v when_o the_o infant_n avicen_n avicen_n be_v bear_v the_o womb_n be_v open_v with_o such_o a_o apertion_n as_o can_v be_v make_v in_o any_o other_o place_n and_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o some_o iuncture_n must_v be_v separate_v which_o be_v so_o sustain_v by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n so_o dispose_v and_o prepare_v and_o afterward_o do_v return_n to_o their_o natural_a continuation_n and_o this_o action_n of_o all_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o forcible_a rabbi_n zoar_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o exodus_fw-la zoar._n rab._n zoar._n thou_o shall_v not_o easy_o find_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o whole_a administration_n of_o nature_n more_o to_o be_v admire_v then_o that_o distraction_n of_o the_o sharebone_n in_o woman_n travel_n which_o indeed_o be_v do_v by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n to_o who_o nature_n be_v but_o a_o serviceable_a handmaid_n for_o otherwise_o no_o strength_n almost_o be_v able_a to_o separate_v they_o the_o like_a also_o we_o have_v see_v in_o the_o shoot_n of_o stag_n horn_n which_o every_o year_n fall_v and_o grow_v again_o severinus_fw-la pinaeus_n in_o
his_o physiologicall_a &_o anatomicall_a work_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n which_o also_o he_o strengthen_v by_o some_o reason_n before_o the_o seven_o month_n say_v he_o the_o womb_n reason_n pinaeus_n opinion_n his_o first_o reason_n and_o with_o it_o the_o infant_n do_v always_o ascend_v after_o the_o seven_o month_n he_o descend_v and_o prepare_v himself_o towards_o his_o enlargement_n at_o that_o time_n the_o privity_n of_o the_o woman_n with_o child_n be_v moisten_a with_o a_o mucous_a slime_n and_o the_o part_n be_v dilate_v and_o relax_v with_o which_o humour_n also_o by_o degree_n the_o gristle_n of_o the_o sharebone_n be_v inebriate_v that_o in_o the_o birth_n they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o lax_n furthermore_o almost_o all_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o body_n in_o progress_n of_o second_o the_o second_o time_n do_v dry_a into_o a_o bony_a substance_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o chin_n but_o the_o cartilege_n which_o ty_v together_o the_o sharebone_n remain_v gristle_o to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o life_n neither_o ever_o become_v bony_a because_o in_o the_o birth_n it_o be_v to_o be_v distend_v and_o enlarge_v moreover_o if_o you_o three_o the_o three_o well_o consider_v virgin_n of_o 16._o or_o 18._o year_n old_a and_o again_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o after_o they_o have_v conceive_v thou_o shall_v perceive_v that_o their_o haunch_n be_v distend_v their_o hypogastrium_n enlarge_v and_o their_o buttock_n become_v broad_a especial_o when_o they_o be_v near_o the_o time_n of_o their_o deliverance_n and_o therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o part_n be_v dilate_v moreover_o those_o who_o four_o the_o four_o have_v live_v long_a virgin_n have_v hard_a travel_n than_o young_a wench_n because_o their_o gristle_n in_o those_o place_n be_v more_o dry_v and_o less_o relax_v final_o such_o as_o never_o have_v conceive_v have_v thin_a gristle_n and_o such_o as_o have_v often_o conceive_v have_v they_o most_o thick_a and_o be_v broad_a in_o the_o haunch_n wherefore_o in_o the_o birth_n five_o the_o five_o the_o sharebone_n be_v part_v asunder_o one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o hanchbone_n from_o the_o os_fw-la history_n a_o history_n sacrum_n or_o holybone_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o his_o opinion_n he_o tell_v a_o story_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o be_v new_o deliver_v and_o short_o after_o hang_v who_o sharebone_n be_v so_o distract_v that_o one_o of_o the_o coxae_fw-la be_v lift_v up_o and_o the_o other_o depress_v for_o my_o own_o part_n that_o i_o may_v free_o speak_v what_o i_o think_v i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o these_o bone_n in_o the_o birth_n can_v be_v unjointed_a for_o they_o be_v so_o fast_o knit_v together_o that_o no_o violence_n can_v sever_v sever_v our_o opinion_n that_o the_o bone_n can_v be_v sever_v they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v separate_v asunder_o how_o shall_v they_o be_v again_o couple_v with_o what_o cement_n or_o glue_v shall_v they_o be_v unite_v for_o a_o new_a synchondrosis_n or_o articulation_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o cartilege_n can_v be_v make_v if_o you_o say_v with_o hypocrates_n that_o they_o chink_n a_o little_a i_o will_v not_o be_v against_o it_o also_o that_o the_o gristly_a end_n of_o the_o holy_a bone_n which_o they_o call_v coccyx_fw-la or_o the_o rump_n may_v be_v total_o retract_v and_o so_o give_v way_n to_o the_o infant_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o first_o pinaeus_n argument_n answer_v to_o the_o first_o great_a space_n leave_v for_o his_o out-gate_n that_o i_o can_v well_o believe_v as_o for_o pinaeus_n argument_n they_o may_v thus_o be_v in_o order_n answer_v it_o be_v indeed_o say_v and_o say_v true_o that_o in_o the_o last_o month_n of_o gestation_n the_o inner_a orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n be_v line_v with_o a_o slimy_a humour_n proceed_v either_o from_o the_o uterine_n vessel_n or_o from_o the_o humour_n sweat_v through_o the_o membrane_n or_o otherwise_o from_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o that_o humour_n say_v we_o can_v attain_v unto_o the_o sharebone_n or_o to_o the_o cartilage_n between_o they_o neither_o yet_o unto_o the_o hanchbone_n because_o the_o womb_n do_v not_o immediate_o touch_v the_o sharebone_n for_o betwixt_o the_o womb_n and_o the_o bone_n lie_v the_o bladder_n lurk_v between_o the_o two_o coat_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la and_o compass_v round_o about_o with_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purse_n or_o satchel_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o cartilege_n which_o knit_v together_o the_o sharebone_n never_o second_o to_o the_o second_o become_v bony_a but_o always_o remain_v grist_o that_o it_o may_v be_v relax_v in_o the_o birth_n it_o be_v but_o a_o slight_a reason_n for_o neither_o in_o man_n be_v that_o gristle_n ever_o find_v to_o be_v bony_a in_o young_a wench_n after_o they_o have_v conceive_v their_o haunch_n be_v distend_v and_o the_o capacity_n become_v three_o to_o the_o three_o large_a and_o that_o because_o at_o that_o time_n all_o the_o part_n of_o their_o body_n do_v grow_v &_o the_o heat_n which_o before_o be_v well_o near_o choke_v with_o the_o abundance_n of_o humour_n begin_v to_o shine_v forth_o and_o gather_v strength_n elder_a maiden_n have_v conceyve_v have_v hard_a travel_n then_o young_a not_o because_o the_o gristle_n be_v dry_a but_o because_o their_o womb_n be_v dry_a for_o those_o that_o four_o to_o the_o four_o use_v to_o conceive_v and_o bear_v child_n have_v moist_a womb_n large_a vessel_n and_o all_o the_o capacity_n more_o large_a and_o ample_a and_o therefore_o their_o travel_n be_v more_o easy_a one_o history_n do_v nothing_o move_v we_o for_o we_o have_v see_v many_o who_o have_v perish_v in_o the_o very_a brunt_n of_o their_o travel_n five_o to_o the_o five_o in_o who_o there_o have_v appear_v no_o such_o matter_n and_o we_o observe_v that_o woman_n in_o their_o travel_n do_v more_o complain_v of_o the_o pain_n of_o their_o os_fw-la sacrum_fw-la and_o rump_n then_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o sharebone_n and_o thus_o be_v we_o come_v to_o a_o end_n of_o our_o long_a discourse_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o infant_n and_o the_o controversy_n thereto_o belong_v wherein_o how_o we_o have_v acquit_v ourselves_o it_o rest_v in_o thou_o gentle_a reader_n to_o judge_v this_o one_o thing_n we_o know_v that_o we_o have_v wrought_v out_o our_o way_n through_o many_o difficulty_n which_o if_o they_o shall_v prove_v as_o profitable_a and_o pleasant_a unto_o thou_o as_o they_o have_v be_v to_o we_o difficult_a to_o overcome_v we_o have_v abundant_a recompense_n now_o we_o proceed_v in_o our_o intend_a journey_n to_o the_o chest_n wherein_o what_o admirarable_a rariety_n nature_n have_v bestow_v we_o refer_v thou_o to_o our_o discourse_n to_o be_v satisfy_v the_o end_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o infant_n and_o of_o the_o controversy_n thereto_o belong_v the_o sixth_o book_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n call_v the_o chest_n or_o the_o thorax_n which_o contain_v the_o vital_a part_n to_o to_o which_o also_o we_o will_v refer_v the_o neck_n with_o the_o weazon_n the_o praeface_n have_v thus_o absolve_v the_o low_a region_n with_o the_o part_n thereof_o as_o well_o nutritive_a as_o generative_a together_o with_o the_o history_n of_o the_o infant_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o ascend_v by_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o ridge_n to_o the_o middle_a belly_n wherein_o as_o in_o a_o curious_a cabinet_n nature_n have_v lock_v up_o the_o vital_a instrument_n and_o wheel_n whereby_o the_o watch_n of_o our_o life_n be_v perpetuallie_o move_v from_o the_o first_o hour_n to_o the_o last_o minute_n by_o so_o just_a a_o counterpoise_n as_o no_o art_n of_o man_n can_v ever_o attain_v unto_o albeit_o some_o rare_a engineer_n have_v go_v very_o far_o in_o imitation_n thereof_o if_o we_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o perpetual_a motion_n as_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o find_v they_o out_o so_o will_v it_o spend_v much_o time_n to_o inquire_v after_o they_o the_o high_a cause_n be_v the_o hand_n of_o god_n who_o have_v prepare_v the_o pulley_n hang_v on_o the_o weight_n and_o govern_v and_o wind_n up_o the_o chime_n at_o his_o own_o good_a pleasure_n for_o if_o the_o philosopher_n be_v not_o able_a though_o he_o be_v never_o of_o council_n to_o nature_n to_o discern_v with_o the_o sharp_a edge_n of_o his_o incomparable_a capacity_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o reciprocal_a ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n how_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o yield_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n of_o the_o heart_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v common_o conceyve_v that_o the_o most_o immediate_a cause_n be_v the_o avoid_v of_o vacuity_n that_o arch-enemy_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o faculty_n of_o pulsation_n although_o it_o be_v potiential_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o infant_n
nervous_a for_o many_o tendon_n reach_v unto_o it_o beside_o almost_o all_o the_o nerve_n arise_v from_o about_o that_o part_n in_o latin_a occiput_fw-la or_o occipitium_fw-la as_o plantus_fw-la have_v it_o we_o call_v it_o the_o noll_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o scalp_n between_o these_o be_v gibbous_a or_o round_o call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o hide_v as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o that_o part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v especial_o cover_v with_o hair_n galen_n in_o the_o 11._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o 14._o chapter_n call_v it_o aruumpilorun_v the_o field_n of_o hair_n the_o latin_n call_v it_o vertex_fw-la because_o in_o that_o place_n the_o hair_n run_v round_o galen_n galen_n in_o a_o ring_n as_o water_n do_v in_o a_o whirlpool_n final_o the_o side_n of_o the_o scalp_n betwixt_o the_o eye_n the_o ear_n and_o the_o neck_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v aristotle_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o the_o eleaventh_o chapter_n because_o the_o pulse_n be_v there_o very_o manifest_a the_o latin_n call_v they_o tempora_fw-la because_o their_o gray_a hair_n and_o sink_a flesh_n bewray_v the_o age_n of_o a_o man_n again_o the_o part_n of_o the_o scalp_n be_v contain_v and_o contain_v the_o contain_v part_n contain_v another_o division_n of_o the_o part_n contain_v be_v some_o of_o they_o common_a some_o proper_a the_o common_a be_v the_o cuticle_n or_o scarfe-skinne_n the_o true_a skin_n bear_v a_o wood_n or_o bush_n of_o hair_n the_o fat_a and_o the_o fleshy_a pannicle_n the_o proper_a contain_v part_n be_v either_o external_a or_o internal_a the_o external_a be_v two_o membrane_n pericranium_n and_o periostium_fw-la certain_a muscle_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n the_o proper_a inward_a contain_v part_n be_v the_o two_o mother_n call_v meninge_n dura_fw-la and_o pia_fw-la which_o encompass_v both_o the_o skull_n and_o the_o brain_n the_o part_n contain_v be_v the_o brain_n and_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la or_o after-braine_n from_o which_o arise_v the_o marrow_n which_o when_o it_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n be_v proper_o call_v the_o marrow_n of_o contain_a contain_a the_o back_n or_o pith_n of_o the_o spin_v from_o which_o do_v arise_v many_o nerve_n as_o well_o before_o it_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n as_o after_o of_o these_o we_o will_v first_o entreat_v and_o then_o after_o of_o the_o part_n without_o hair_n or_o the_o face_n in_o the_o book_n follow_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o common_a contain_v part_n of_o the_o head_n the_o common_a contain_v part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v five_o the_o hair_n the_o cuticle_n the_o skin_n the_o fat_a and_o the_o fleshy_a pannicle_n of_o all_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v part_n 5._o common_a part_n heretofore_o at_o large_a yet_o because_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n from_o the_o same_o part_n in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o body_n we_o must_v a_o little_a here_o insist_v upon_o they_o and_o first_o of_o the_o hair_n albeit_o therefore_o the_o hair_n be_v general_o more_o or_o less_o all_o over_o the_o body_n as_o before_o be_v say_v yet_o above_o all_o place_n the_o head_n be_v adorn_v with_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o they_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n be_v the_o long_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n because_o say_v aristotle_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la and_o the_o three_o section_n the_o brain_n afford_v towards_o their_o nourishment_n aristotle_n aristotle_n a_o large_a supply_n of_o humour_n or_o vaporous_a moisture_n whether_o you_o will_v which_o also_o be_v most_o clammy_a and_o glutinous_a for_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o the_o glandulous_a body_n they_o be_v also_o in_o the_o head_n stiff_a because_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n be_v the_o thick_a yet_o be_v it_o rare_a and_o full_a of_o open_a pore_n so_o say_v galen_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o the_o first_o chapter_n galen_n galen_n in_o the_o head_n nature_n have_v open_v conspicuous_a and_o visible_a way_n for_o the_o vaporous_a and_o smoky_a or_o sooty_a excrement_n for_o the_o head_n be_v set_v upon_o the_o body_n as_o a_o roof_n upon_o a_o warm_a house_n so_o that_o unto_o it_o do_v arise_v all_o the_o fuliginous_a &_o vaporous_a excrement_n from_o the_o subject_a part_n eschylus_n pollux_n eschylus_n the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a capilli_fw-la as_o it_o be_v capitis_fw-la pili_fw-la by_o pollux_n and_o eschylus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o cut_v in_o man_n they_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d caesary_n because_o they_o be_v often_o mow_v in_o woman_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dress_v with_o diligence_n from_o whence_o haply_o we_o have_v out_o word_n to_o comb_n or_o rather_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n coma_n who_o signification_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o former_a in_o woman_n they_o be_v divide_v by_o a_o line_n which_o separation_n the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n discrimen_fw-la and_o aequamentum_fw-la in_o english_a we_o call_v it_o the_o shed_v of_o the_o hair_n the_o skin_n of_o a_o man_n although_o in_o comparison_n of_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v most_o thin_a yet_o if_o head_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n you_o compare_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n with_o that_o of_o the_o chest_n or_o the_o low_a belly_n it_o be_v very_o thick_a as_o also_o be_v the_o cuticle_n and_o therefore_o columbus_n insult_v over_o aristotle_n for_o say_v that_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n be_v very_o thin_a .._o the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o the_o eleaventh_o section_n where_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n be_v very_o thin_a for_o in_o the_o redeem_v aristotle_n redeem_v five_o book_n de_fw-fr generatione_n animalium_fw-la and_o the_o three_o chapter_n he_o call_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v very_o crass_a and_o thick_a but_o he_o say_v and_o that_o true_o that_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o man_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o magnitude_n be_v very_o thin_a well_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n as_o it_o be_v the_o thick_a so_o say_v galen_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr temperamentis_fw-la and_o the_o 5._o chapter_n it_o be_v so_o much_o dry_a than_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v hard_a yet_o be_v it_o rare_a say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n next_o above_o name_v that_o the_o sooty_a excrement_n may_v be_v avoid_v for_o the_o generation_n of_o hair_n as_o before_o be_v say_v it_o have_v vessel_n run_v in_o it_o vein_n from_o the_o outward_a branch_n of_o the_o external_a iugular_n vein_n the_o vein_n which_o creep_v on_o both_o side_n be_v unite_v in_o the_o forehead_n and_o be_v sometime_o open_v in_o grievous_a pain_n of_o the_o head_n and_o these_o vein_n run_v under_o the_o dry_a and_o hairy_a skin_n carry_v blood_n unto_o it_o for_o nourishment_n artery_n it_o have_v also_o from_o the_o outward_a branch_n of_o the_o carotide_n artery_n artery_n derive_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o ear_n and_o to_o the_o temple_n especial_o which_o bring_v vital_a spirit_n upward_o from_o the_o heart_n it_o receyve_v also_o certain_a end_n of_o nerve_n reflect_v upward_o from_o the_o first_o and_o second_o conjugation_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o give_v it_o sense_n i_o say_v end_n of_o nerve_n for_o so_o say_v gal._n in_o his_o sixteen_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o the_o 2._o chapter_n the_o skin_n have_v not_o a_o proper_a &_o definite_a galen_n a_o elegant_a place_n in_o galen_n nerve_n belong_v unto_o it_o as_o every_o muscle_n have_v his_o nerve_n disseminated_a in_o or_o about_o his_o body_n but_o there_o attain_v unto_o it_o certain_a fibre_n from_o the_o subject_a part_n which_o connect_n or_o knit_v it_o to_o those_o part_n and_o also_o afford_v sense_n unto_o it_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n be_v not_o fine_a and_o exquisite_a as_o in_o the_o chest_n or_o the_o low_a belly_n aristotle_n in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n say_v it_o have_v no_o sense_n at_o all_o and_o render_v a_o reason_n because_o it_o eleave_v to_o the_o bone_n without_o any_o interposition_n of_o flesh_n but_o galen_n disproove_v this_o opinion_n in_o his_o sixteen_o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o second_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v aristotle_n mean_v the_o cuticle_n and_o
little_a child_n by_o who_o ear_n we_o often_o observe_v that_o their_o brain_n be_v purge_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o 20._o prognost_n of_o the_o first_o section_n he_o say_v that_o the_o expurgation_n reconcile_v place_n in_o galem_fw-la reconcile_v by_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o natural_a thus_o galen_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o diverse_a opinion_n concern_v these_o passage_n of_o the_o brain_n excrement_n but_o that_o we_o may_v reconcile_v these_o different_a place_n and_o free_o profess_v what_o true_o we_o be_v to_o resolve_v of_o we_o think_v that_o the_o diverse_a excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n phlegmatic_a bilious_a and_o melancholic_a be_v purge_v by_o diverse_a way_n some_o of_o which_o be_v ordinary_a familiar_a and_o accustom_a to_o nature_n other_o extraordinary_a and_o not_o so_o convenient_a the_o ordinary_a passage_n prepare_v for_o the_o expurgation_n of_o phlegm_n be_v the_o pallate_n and_o extraordinary_a some_o passage_n ordinary_a some_o extraordinary_a the_o nostril_n but_o the_o palate_n especial_o because_o the_o nostril_n be_v primary_o appoint_v for_o smell_v anatomy_n teach_v we_o that_o out_o of_o the_o three_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v a_o conspicuous_a passage_n to_o the_o inward_a basis_n thereof_o in_o who_o extremity_n there_o appear_v a_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o thin_a membrane_n which_o be_v first_o broad_a than_o grow_v narrow_a like_o a_o tunnell_n which_o the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n peluis_fw-la and_o infundibulum_fw-la the_o basin_n or_o tunnell_n through_o which_o the_o phlegmatic_a humour_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o transcolate_v as_o it_o be_v through_o a_o hyppocras_n bag_n this_o waterish_a humour_n be_v receive_v by_o a_o phlegmatic_a glandule_n like_o a_o sponge_n and_o afterward_o distil_v by_o degree_n through_o the_o hole_n phlegm_n the_o way_n of_o the_o phlegm_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n into_o the_o palate_n and_o mouth_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n which_o be_v not_o unusual_a the_o upper_a ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n grow_v full_a of_o a_o mucous_a slime_n it_o drop_v through_o the_o process_n which_o be_v like_a to_o the_o nipple_n of_o a_o woman_n pap_n into_o the_o os_fw-la cribri_fw-la form_n or_o spungy_a bone_n and_o so_o into_o the_o nostril_n the_o bilious_a excrement_n be_v continual_o purge_v by_o the_o ear_n some_o say_v that_o therefore_o ear_n the_o bilious_a by_o the_o ear_n the_o bilious_a excrement_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o ear_n that_o the_o heat_n and_o siccity_n thereof_o may_v keep_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o ear_n dry_a and_o so_o more_o fit_a to_o receive_v and_o report_v the_o sound_n but_o the_o phlegmatic_a excrement_n be_v purge_v by_o the_o mouth_n and_o nostril_n that_o those_o open_a passage_n by_o that_o humidity_n may_v be_v keep_v from_o dry_v up_o these_o therefore_o be_v the_o passage_n the_o extraordinary_a passage_n ordinary_a channel_n and_o most_o familiar_a to_o nature_n by_o which_o she_o purge_v the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v also_o other_o extraordinary_a way_n by_o which_o the_o brain_n oppress_v or_o surcharge_v with_o abundance_n of_o humour_n exonerate_v itself_o such_o be_v the_o eye_n the_o spinal_a marrow_n and_o the_o nerve_n from_o whence_o come_v the_o palsy_n there_o be_v also_o sometime_o a_o fall_n of_o humour_n through_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n into_o the_o parotidas_n that_o be_v the_o glandule_n behind_o the_o ear_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o peculiar_a excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n that_o be_v of_o the_o marrowy_a substance_n and_o of_o the_o ventricles_n but_o rather_o of_o the_o vessel_n as_o vein_n and_o artery_n from_o whence_o proceed_v tumour_n of_o the_o glandule_n inflammation_n likewise_o of_o the_o eye_n and_o of_o the_o ear_n now_o these_o excrement_n in_o a_o temperate_a brain_n be_v moderate_a in_o their_o substance_n quantity_n quality_n &_o time_n of_o excretion_n in_o the_o substance_n because_o they_o be_v neither_o to_o thick_a nor_o to_o fluid_v in_o their_o quantity_n because_o they_o do_v not_o abound_v in_o their_o quality_n because_o they_o be_v neither_o salt_n nor_o sharp_a in_o the_o time_n of_o excretion_n when_o they_o be_v avoid_v after_o concoction_n the_o remain_v one_o scruple_n to_o be_v resolve_v that_o be_v by_o what_o way_n the_o superfluity_n of_o avoid_v by_o what_o passage_n the_o superfluity_n of_o the_o after_o brain_n &_o the_o four_o ventricle_n be_v avoid_v the_o cerebellum_fw-la and_o of_o the_o four_o ventricle_n be_v purge_v we_o say_v for_o answer_v that_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la and_o of_o the_o four_o ventricle_n be_v very_o few_o as_o well_o because_o of_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la as_o also_o because_o in_o the_o four_o ventricle_n be_v contain_v most_o subtle_a pure_a and_o well_o purge_v spirit_n and_o therefore_o those_o few_o superfluity_n be_v easy_o dissipate_v but_o the_o brain_n itself_o be_v in_o quantity_n very_o great_a and_o of_o temper_n very_o moist_a heap_v up_o abundance_n of_o superfluity_n which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o conspicuous_a passage_n by_o which_o they_o shall_v be_v avoid_v qvest._n xiii_o of_o the_o number_n and_o use_v of_o the_o ventricles_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n controvert_v which_o offer_v themselves_o to_o our_o consideration_n and_o first_o of_o all_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o ventricle_n anatomist_n do_v differ_v concern_v their_o number_n galen_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v four_o two_o superior_a which_o he_o call_v anterior_a ventricle_n the_o middle_n which_o be_v a_o common_a cavity_n and_o the_o backward_o avicen_n number_v but_o three_o the_o upper_a the_o middle_a and_o the_o hindmost_a esteem_v the_o upper_a two_o for_o one_o because_o they_o have_v the_o same_o figure_n magnitude_n scite_fw-la structure_n and_o use_n arantius_n add_v two_o other_o under_o these_o which_o he_o name_v from_o the_o figure_n hippochampi_n but_o i_o think_v that_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o upper_a ventricle_n which_o indeed_o be_v so_o large_a that_o in_o common_a dissection_n scarce_o their_o three_o part_n be_v show_v varolius_n cut_v the_o brain_n after_o a_o new_a manner_n say_v there_o be_v but_o two_o but_o because_o we_o have_v at_o large_a make_v mention_n of_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o history_n forego_v we_o will_v not_o here_o weary_a our_o reader_n with_o iteration_n thereof_o but_o refer_v he_o thither_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o ventricle_n vesalius_n tax_v galen_n about_o the_o use_n of_o the_o uppermost_a two_o because_o he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_v and_o that_o out_o of_o these_o by_o ventricle_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ventricle_n certain_a process_n the_o phlegm_n be_v transcolate_v into_o the_o spongy_a bone_n we_o answer_v for_o galen_n that_o the_o anterior_a ventricle_n be_v therefore_o call_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_a because_o unto_o they_o redeem_v galen_n redeem_v be_v odour_n bring_v of_o which_o also_o they_o judge_v beside_o what_o shall_v hinder_v that_o the_o phlegm_n if_o the_o brain_n abound_v therewith_o shall_v not_o be_v transport_v from_o they_o by_o those_o process_n into_o the_o spongy_a bone_n see_v we_o find_v that_o sometime_o as_o in_o the_o apoplexy_n the_o phlegm_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o sometime_o fall_v into_o the_o nerve_n and_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n as_o in_o the_o palsy_n it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v will_v objection_n objection_n be_v extinguish_v if_o the_o phlegm_n shall_v be_v transcolate_v by_o these_o process_n i_o answer_v that_o sometime_o when_o the_o flux_n be_v continual_a and_o the_o humour_n very_o abundant_a the_o smell_a be_v solution_n solution_n lose_v not_o so_o much_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstruction_n of_o the_o process_n as_o because_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o bone_n be_v interclude_v some_o new_a writer_n there_o be_v who_o think_v that_o the_o anterior_a ventricle_n be_v not_o appoint_v writer_n the_o opinion_n of_o some_o new_a writer_n for_o the_o preparation_n and_o concoction_n of_o the_o spirit_n as_o well_o because_o they_o be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o excrement_n as_o also_o because_o the_o animal_n spirit_n do_v not_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o any_o sensible_a cavity_n but_o galen_n answer_v that_o nature_n have_v prepare_v they_o to_o serve_v both_o turn_n like_v as_o through_o the_o spongy_a bone_n odour_n do_v ascend_v and_o superfluity_n or_o excrement_n descend_v as_o therefore_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v avoid_v every_o day_n by_o the_o palate_n and_o the_o nostril_n do_v neither_o hinder_v the_o taste_n nor_o the_o smell_n if_o they_o be_v moderate_a so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n qvest._n xiiii_o which_o of_o the_o ventricle_n
be_v many_o unto_o they_o diverse_a muscle_n whereby_o their_o motion_n be_v very_o sudden_a and_o expedite_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 8._o problem_n of_o the_o 7._o section_n call_v the_o eye_n the_o most_o noble_a part_n of_o the_o body_n yet_o say_v he_o the_o left_a eye_n be_v more_o nimble_a than_o the_o right_n now_o whereas_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o man_n eye_n be_v six_o according_a to_o galen_n in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la musculorum_fw-la it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o eye_n must_v have_v six_o muscle_n but_o galen_n vesalius_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o anatomist_n as_o columbus_n say_v be_v accustom_v only_o to_o describe_v the_o eye_n of_o beast_n have_v add_v a_o seven_o muscle_n and_o those_o six_o also_o which_o they_o have_v describe_v they_o have_v misplace_v but_o we_o be_v to_o describe_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n that_o seven_o which_o belong_v to_o beast_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o into_o three_o and_o sometime_o into_o four_o in_o man_n therefore_o as_o we_o have_v say_v there_o be_v six_o muscle_n according_a unto_o the_o six_o motion_n of_o a_o man_n eye_n four_o of_o which_o motion_n be_v right_o that_o be_v to_o say_v upward_o downward_o six_o why_o six_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o to_o the_o left_a the_o two_o motion_n remain_v be_v oblique_a to_o which_o belong_v two_o oblique_a muscle_n who_o use_n be_v to_o roll_v the_o eye_n about_o notwithstanding_o one_o of_o these_o be_v have_v how_o many_o moâ—â—ons_n the_o eye_n have_v exact_o oblique_a the_o other_o partly_o right_o partly_o oblique_a all_o these_o muscle_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o eye_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o scull_n whether_o they_o accompany_v the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o so_o remain_v in_o their_o position_n the_o eye_n and_o they_o together_o do_v make_v a_o pyramidal_a or_o turbinated_a figure_n table_n 1._o figu_n 6._o 7._o among_o these_o muscle_n the_o thick_a and_o more_o corpolent_a be_v the_o right_n which_o have_v all_o the_o same_o structure_n original_a and_o insertion_n and_o do_v pass_v eye_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o eye_n straight_o all_o along_o the_o length_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o oblique_a muscle_n be_v less_o fleshy_a yet_o very_a like_o one_o another_o all_o these_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v small_a that_o they_o may_v be_v soon_o move_v but_o that_o which_o help_v most_o the_o volubility_n of_o their_o motion_n be_v the_o round_a figure_n which_o be_v the_o nimble_a of_o all_o 〈…〉_o why_o the_o muscle_n 〈…〉_o other_o as_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o eye_n therefore_o be_v round_o as_o be_v also_o the_o muscle_n thereof_o be_v even_o in_o a_o moment_n convey_v round_o why_o round_o over_o the_o whole_a heaven_n and_o the_o head_n itself_o be_v therefore_o move_v very_o suddanly_a and_o swift_o because_o it_o touch_v upon_o the_o bone_n whereon_o 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call_v adducens_fw-la and_o bibitorius_fw-la we_o may_v call_v it_o the_o glee_a muscle_n the_o four_o tab._n 2._o fig._n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o f._n fig._n 5_o n_z which_o according_a to_o galen_n and_o vesalius_n be_v the_o second_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o three_o seat_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o it_o draw_v to_o the_o lesser_a angle_n or_o to_o the_o temple_n and_o be_v call_v abducens_fw-la and_o indignatorius_fw-la we_o may_v call_v it_o the_o scu-muscle_n or_o the_o muscle_n of_o disdain_n if_o all_o these_o four_o work_n together_o the_o eye_n be_v draw_v inward_a fix_v establish_a and_o contain_v which_o kind_n of_o motion_n physician_n call_v motus_fw-la tonicus_fw-la we_o in_o our_o language_n use_n their_o use_n call_v it_o a_o set_a or_o wist-looke_a archangelus_n be_v more_o distinct_a in_o the_o assignation_n
so_o this_o small_a bone_n have_v two_o proportionable_a process_n in_o the_o neck_n thereof_o whereby_o it_o grow_v more_o strong_o to_o his_o membrane_n again_o as_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o thigh_n bend_v oblique_o to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o haunch_n end_v in_o a_o round_a head_n so_o this_o bone_n depart_v inward_a from_o the_o membrane_n and_o end_n in_o a_o round_a smooth_a &_o plain_a head_n be_v join_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o other_o bone_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o membrane_n as_o if_o a_o hammer_n be_v loose_o tie_v to_o a_o smith_n anvil_n this_o first_o bone_n therefore_o be_v long_o and_o crooked_a have_v a_o head_n a_o neck_n and_o a_o tail_n the_o head_n be_v the_o upper_a and_o thick_a part_n long_o and_o bunch_v out_o for_o this_o head_n be_v not_o perfect_o round_a as_o have_v engrave_v in_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o top_n a_o small_a and_o long_a cavity_n wherein_o head_n his_o head_n it_o receive_v the_o head_n of_o the_o second_o bone_n 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part_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v not_o cover_v by_o the_o hammer_n yet_o so_o that_o his_o thick_a part_n be_v towards_o the_o care_n and_o his_o leg_n if_o we_o may_v so_o call_v they_o or_o his_o thin_a part_n towards_o the_o tympane_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n as_o columbus_n and_o archang_n that_o this_o bone_n have_v his_o name_n from_o his_o action_n because_o as_o a_o anvile_n it_o receive_v the_o stroke_n of_o the_o hammer_n which_o move_v above_o it_o and_o beat_v against_o it_o name_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n other_o conceive_v that_o it_o have_v the_o name_n from_o the_o similitude_n it_o have_v with_o a_o smith_n stithy_n or_o anvile_n not_o that_o great_a one_o whereon_o they_o drive_v sledge_n of_o iron_n but_o the_o little_a and_o moovable_a anvil_n which_o be_v partly_o plain_a and_o partly_o round_o and_o hereupon_o vesalius_n eustaclius_n coiter_v platerus_n and_o aquapendens_fw-la because_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o plain_a as_o a_o great_a anvile_n be_v den_n why_o call_v den_n but_o have_v a_o unequal_a cavity_n such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o grind_n tooth_n have_v liken_v it_o to_o a_o tooth_n have_v two_o fang_n or_o root_n the_o one_o long_o and_o small_a the_o other_o thick_a but_o short_a insomuch_o as_o they_o call_v it_o not_o incus_fw-la or_o the_o anvil_n but_o den_n or_o the_o tooth_n this_o bone_n be_v short_a and_o thick_a than_o the_o hammer_n aquapendens_fw-la say_v as_o thick_a again_o &_o it_o the_o form_n of_o it_o have_v two_o leg_n for_o in_o the_o upper_a extremity_n it_o be_v thick_a and_o swell_a and_o in_o a_o smooth_a cavity_n receive_v the_o head_n of_o the_o hammer_n it_o have_v engrave_v in_o it_o a_o
have_v be_v break_v for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v but_o one_o bone_n the_o membrane_n in_o impulsion_n can_v not_o have_v give_v place_n because_o the_o bone_n will_v not_o have_v bend_v therewith_o or_o if_o the_o process_n of_o the_o bone_n shall_v have_v yield_v be_v necessary_o so_o fine_a and_o thin_a it_o may_v easy_o have_v crack_v a_o sunder_o wherefore_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n be_v to_o fasten_v so_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o hammer_n that_o it_o may_v not_o break_v when_o it_o be_v violent_o drive_v inward_a and_o again_o the_o tail_n or_o handle_v of_o the_o hammer_n cleave_v unto_o the_o membrane_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v drive_v too_o much_o outward_a but_o that_o it_o may_v better_o resist_v any_o violent_a motion_n outward_a or_o inward_a there_o be_v two_o other_o bone_n add_v to_o the_o hammer_n to_o help_v the_o flexion_n and_o two_o muscle_n whereby_o the_o motion_n be_v restrain_v when_o the_o hammer_n with_o the_o membrane_n be_v drive_v with_o 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part_n it_o be_v in_o they_o less_o and_o hard_a to_o find_v then_o in_o a_o man_n he_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o find_v out_o this_o muscle_n must_v light_o cut_v the_o stony_a process_n throughout_o the_o length_n guide_v his_o knife_n by_o a_o line_n which_o run_v there_o through_o but_o not_o very_o high_a beginning_n at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o process_n which_o be_v next_o unto_o the_o wedgebone_n for_o the_o muscle_n run_v length-wise_a and_o so_o determine_v into_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o muscle_n how_o to_o find_v this_o muscle_n tympane_n the_o other_o muscle_n table_n 11._o figure_n 1_o and_o who_o insertion_n be_v at_o b_o be_v situate_v without_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v about_o the_o midst_n thereof_o concern_v the_o invention_n thereof_o two_o excellent_a anatomist_n of_o padua_n membrane_n the_o other_o muscle_n without_o the_o membrane_n in_o italy_n do_v contend_v for_o hieronymus_n fabritius_n ab_fw-la aquapendente_fw-la who_o therefore_o we_o call_v aquapendens_fw-la affirm_v that_o he_o find_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o but_o julius_n casserius_n placentinus_n avouch_v that_o he_o observe_v it_o the_o seven_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o ninety_o three_o but_o out_o of_o question_n they_o both_o have_v deserve_v wondrous_a well_o of_o this_o art_n which_o of_o they_o soever_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n thereof_o and_o because_o say_v bauhine_v i_o will_v have_v the_o world_n know_v how_o much_o i_o esteem_v they_o placentinus_n bauhin_n honourable_a remembrance_n of_o aquapendens_fw-la &_o placentinus_n both_o i_o will_v set_v down_o both_o their_o description_n thereof_o begin_v with_o aquapendens_fw-la because_o he_o be_v the_o ancient_a not_o to_o derogate_v from_o the_o other_o see_v i_o love_v and_o honour_v they_o both_o the_o one_o be_v my_o master_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o seven_o one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o eight_o and_o one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seaventie_o nine_o the_o other_o in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o nine_o be_v my_o friend_n and_o fellow-studient_n and_o this_o friendship_n to_o this_o day_n we_o maintain_v by_o intercourse_n of_o letter_n and_o shall_v do_v i_o doubt_v not_o so_o long_o as_o we_o live_v aquapendens_fw-la therefore_o have_v it_o thus_o furthermore_o this_o year_n 1599_o i_o find_v a_o muscle_n in_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tab._n 10._o fig._n 9_o which_o be_v without_o the_o membrane_n very_o small_a fleshy_a and_o not_o without_o a_o tendon_n muscle_n aquapendens_fw-la his_o description_n of_o this_o muscle_n which_o proceed_v direct_o from_o the_o midst_n of_o that_o hole_n or_o passage_n till_o it_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o very_a centre_n almost_o of_o the_o membrane_n on_o the_o outside_n just_a against_o the_o place_n where_o the_o hammer_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o membrane_n which_o together_o with_o the_o hammer_n it_o draw_v outward_a you_o shall_v find_v this_o new_a muscle_n if_o in_o a_o green_a head_n you_o cut_v the_o utter_a shell_n of_o the_o bone_n which_o make_v the_o hole_n of_o hear_v on_o both_o side_n which_o you_o may_v best_o do_v with_o a_o chizell_n and_o a_o mallet_n and_o so_o remove_v the_o bone_n careful_o to_o the_o side_n for_o so_o the_o muscle_n will_v appear_v and_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o find_v it_o in_o all_o my_o latter_a dissection_n although_o i_o esteem_v the_o necessity_n of_o it_o to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v rather_o the_o fault_n of_o my_o diligence_n then_o a_o defect_n in_o nature_n thus_o far_o aquapendens_fw-la placentinus_n describe_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n in_o a_o man_n there_o be_v another_o muscle_n situate_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v tab._n 11._o fig._n 1_o a_o b_o about_o the_o midst_n whereof_o the_o skin_n and_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v implicate_v or_o fold_v together_o do_v invest_v the_o say_a hole_n do_v evident_o degenerate_v for_o description_n placentinus_n description_n the_o form_n of_o this_o muscle_n into_o a_o fleshy_a body_n but_o almost_o membranous_a distinguish_v or_o line_v through_o with_o fibres_n have_v also_o a_o tendon_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o muscle_n be_v round_o and_o in_o the_o progress_n grow_v slendere_a by_o degree_n and_o so_o pass_v direct_o on_o unto_o the_o tympane_n it_o be_v insert_v not_o into_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o membrane_n near_o the_o centre_n but_o the_o tendon_n which_o it_o transmit_v with_o a_o double_a extremity_n or_o termination_n into_o the_o cavitie_n of_o the_o stonybone_n betwixt_o the_o tympane_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o temple-bone_n from_o which_o the_o bony_a ring_n proceed_v be_v fasten_v on_o the_o inside_n into_o the_o head_n of_o the_o hammer_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a process_n thereof_o the_o invention_n of_o this_o muscle_n if_o i_o attribute_v to_o myself_o i_o shall_v not_o defraud_v any_o man_n of_o his_o due_a commendation_n for_o i_o observe_v it_o the_o seven_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o in_o the_o presence_n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o placentinus_n the_o use_n as_o well_o of_o the_o internal_a as_o of_o this_o external_a muscle_n aquapendens_fw-la thus_o express_v muscle_n aquapendens_fw-la his_o opinion_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o muscle_n table_n 11._o show_v the_o muscle_n place_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ear_n with_o some_o other_o cavity_n and_o bone_n of_o the_o ear_n tabula_fw-la xi_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o iii_o iv_o five_o vi_o vii_o jix_fw-la ix_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o membrane_n be_v commit_v to_o a_o muscle_n that_o be_v to_o a_o instrument_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n be_v render_v on_o this_o manner_n if_o any_o other_o tie_v but_o that_o of_o a_o muscle_n have_v be_v make_v the_o custos_fw-la or_o vindex_n of_o this_o muscle_n such_o a_o tie_n must_v have_v hold_v it_o always_o stretch_v or_o tentre_v alike_o and_o so_o the_o membrane_n will_v rather_o have_v be_v more_o endangred_a than_o any_o whit_n secure_v beside_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o as_o the_o impulsion_n of_o the_o air_n unto_o the_o membrane_n be_v diverse_a so_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o variety_n of_o power_n in_o that_o that_o be_v to_o curb_v or_o limmit_v those_o diverse_a motion_n or_o impulsion_n such_o a_o variety_n of_o power_n can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o any_o ligament_n but_o only_o in_o muscle_n which_o make_v their_o operation_n with_o a_o certain_a analogy_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o final_a end_n which_o nature_n intend_v or_o according_a to_o measure_n contract_v and_o relax_v themselves_o more_o or_o less_o as_o need_n shall_v be_v accommodate_v their_o motion_n diverse_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a impulsion_n of_o the_o air_n for_o they_o suffer_v the_o membrane_n only_o so_o to_o receive_v the_o offer_a violence_n that_o neither_o the_o violence_n may_v be_v altogethet_n withstand_v but_o that_o the_o membrane_n may_v yield_v thereto_o nor_o yet_o the_o membrane_n be_v outrage_v by_o such_o violence_n in_o a_o word_n these_o muscle_n partly_o by_o yield_v and_o give_v ground_n partly_o by_o obluctation_n or_o opposition_n do_v secure_v the_o membrane_n from_o be_v tear_v and_o rend_v asunder_o thus_o far_o aquapendens_fw-la placentinus_n thus_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o inward_a ear_n do_v one_o of_o they_o assist_v the_o hammer_n against_o internal_a impulsion_n the_o other_o against_o external_a the_o outward_a muscle_n which_o i_o find_v out_o that_o send_v his_o tendon_n into_o the_o cavitie_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n and_o join_v it_o muscle_n placentinus_n opinion_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o muscle_n self_n
with_o the_o great_a process_n of_o the_o hammer_n draw_v that_o part_n of_o the_o hammer_n outward_a which_o incline_v inward_a and_o so_o moderate_v the_o compression_n thereof_o make_v upon_o the_o anvile_n that_o it_o be_v a_o defence_n against_o the_o internal_a muscle_n the_o internal_a which_o arise_v from_o the_o wedgebone_n and_o pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n unto_o the_o head_n of_o the_o hammer_n into_o which_o it_o be_v insert_v succour_v the_o same_o against_o the_o former_a when_o it_o be_v drive_v inward_a define_v and_o limit_v his_o introcession_n for_o when_o the_o tympane_n by_o a_o irruption_n of_o outward_a air_n be_v together_o with_o the_o hammer_n drive_v inward_a this_o muscle_n resist_v their_o motion_n that_o the_o tympane_n and_o the_o hammer_n shall_v not_o be_v constrain_v beyond_o their_o tether_n &_o so_o suffer_v laceration_n thus_o far_o placentinus_n varolius_n concern_v this_o matter_n for_o we_o account_v he_o also_o among_o our_o classicke_a author_n especial_o concern_v the_o head_n write_v on_o this_o manner_n ear_n varolius_n his_o use_n of_o a_o muscle_n in_o the_o ear_n although_o say_v he_o the_o sound_n do_v move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v whither_o we_o will_v or_o no_o yet_o there_o be_v in_o we_o a_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a animadversion_n which_o we_o exercise_v in_o all_o our_o sense_n at_o our_o own_o pleasure_n when_o we_o will_v judge_v curious_o of_o any_o sensible_a thing_n wherefore_o as_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n man_n do_v voluntary_o direct_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o crystalline_a towards_o the_o object_n which_o they_o attentive_o behold_v so_o within_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v there_o be_v place_v a_o small_a muscle_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o forepart_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o triangle_n so_o he_o call_v the_o stirrup_n with_o the_o anuil_n when_o this_o muscle_n be_v contract_v the_o triangle_n or_o stirrup_n be_v draw_v a_o little_a forward_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o anvile_n with_o the_o hammer_n yield_v thereto_o and_o approach_v more_o direct_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o tympane_n and_o at_o that_o time_n we_o hear_v with_o more_o attention_n and_o better_a judgement_n like_a as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o see_v the_o least_o visible_a object_n when_o we_o steadfast_o behold_v it_o by_o a_o line_n concentricall_a to_o the_o horny_a membrane_n the_o pupilla_fw-la and_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n some_o have_v imagine_v that_o the_o small_a bone_n of_o the_o care_n diverse_o move_v by_o this_o muscle_n do_v make_v within_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v many_o and_o different_a sort_n of_o sound_n who_o opinion_n we_o think_v sufficient_o confute_v by_o the_o former_a assignation_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o muscle_n thus_o far_o varolius_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n albeit_o we_o purpose_v in_o the_o book_n of_o bone_n as_o particular_o as_o we_o can_v to_o follow_v their_o history_n yet_o because_o this_o stony_a bone_n and_o the_o dissection_n thereof_o be_v most_o e._n why_o we_o entreat_v of_o this_o bone_n he_o e._n necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o have_v determine_v to_o make_v our_o particular_a description_n thereof_o in_o this_o place_n and_o to_o pass_v it_o over_o with_o little_a more_o than_o bare_a mention_n in_o the_o book_n of_o bone_n although_o therefore_o as_o before_o be_v say_v the_o stony_a bone_n be_v within_o altogether_o canernous_a and_o spungy_a and_o that_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v mention_n of_o one_o only_a den_n or_o cavity_n there_o in_o yet_o we_o will_v reckon_v unto_o you_o three_o notable_a one_o and_o of_o great_a moment_n which_o also_o the_o neoteric_o or_o late_a anatomist_n have_v call_v den_n and_o cave_n these_o den_n or_o cave_n be_v form_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o stonybone_n where_o it_o swell_v cavity_n 3._o cavity_n most_o to_o contain_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o membrane_n the_o three_o small_a bone_n the_o internal_a muscle_n the_o chord_n the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o the_o inbred_a air_n which_o also_o be_v call_v the_o internal_a medium_n of_o this_o sense_n all_o which_o cave_n may_v more_o distinct_o and_o district_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o child_n then_o in_o grow_v man_n placentinus_n find_v they_o also_o very_o conspicuous_a in_o bird_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o proper_a name_n borrow_v from_o external_a thing_n the_o first_o be_v call_v concha_n or_o tympanum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v like_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o wink_n or_o a_o taber_n name_n their_o name_n the_o second_o be_v call_v labyrinthus_n because_o of_o the_o turn_n therein_o and_o the_o three_o be_v call_v cochlea_n because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o snail_n shell_n the_o first_o table_n 10._o fig._n 2_o h_o from_o c_o to_o â—_o table_n 11._o qr_fw-la cavity_n be_v lay_v open_a when_o the_o membrane_n cavity_n the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o tympane_n be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v call_v concha_n as_o we_o say_v even_o now_o because_o it_o be_v like_o a_o winkle_n or_o periwinkle_n so_o acknowledge_v by_o aquapendens_fw-la placentinus_n arantius_n &_o our_o author_n bauhine_v although_o i_o know_v there_o be_v great_a contention_n against_o aristotle_n in_o this_o point_n who_o seem_v first_o to_o have_v give_v this_o name_n to_o this_o cavity_n but_o we_o stand_v not_o upon_o name_n so_o much_o so_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n the_o better_a appellation_n as_o name_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n i_o seem_v be_v a_o tympane_n because_o this_o cavity_n cover_v with_o his_o membrane_n resemble_v a_o drum_n or_o taber_n for_o when_o the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v by_o the_o sound_v it_o resound_v again_o as_o a_o drum_n if_o it_o be_v beat_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n therein_o contain_v render_v a_o great_a sound_n coiter_v reprehend_v fallopius_n and_o platerus_n for_o this_o appellation_n because_o say_v he_o in_o this_o object_n coiter_v object_n cavity_n there_o be_v hole_n &_o window_n and_o diverse_a wind_n which_o a_o drum_n have_v not_o to_o who_o we_o answer_v that_o in_o man_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o drum_n or_o tympane_n from_o the_o use_n answer_v answer_v but_o in_o bruit_n beast_n not_o only_o from_o the_o use_n but_o also_o from_o the_o figure_n because_o in_o those_o creature_n that_o chaw_v the_o cud_n it_o be_v very_o like_a to_o a_o turkish_a drum_n this_o cavity_n be_v also_o call_v by_o coiter_v and_o placentinus_n the_o basin_n and_o the_o den_n it_o be_v excavate_v or_o hollow_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o stonybone_n betwixt_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mammillary_a process_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o head_n of_o the_o jaw_n be_v insert_v or_o fasten_v to_o his_o joint_n the_o utter_a part_n thereof_o regard_v the_o hole_n of_o hear_v from_o which_o it_o be_v only_o separate_v by_o the_o membrane_n table_n 10._o figu_n 2._o from_o b_o toward_z c._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o if_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v inflame_v or_o ulcerate_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o note_n note_n the_o low_a jaw_n the_o patient_a be_v pain_v in_o his_o ear_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n be_v by_o a_o thin_a scale_n distinguish_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n table_n 10._o fig._n 2._o from_o h_z to_z l._n this_o first_o be_v the_o great_a cavity_n of_o the_o three_o and_o by_o a_o successive_a ingress_n or_o continuity_n of_o passage_n be_v join_v with_o they_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o inbred_a air_n &_o also_o receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n diverse_a sound_n come_v from_o diverse_a quarter_n but_o because_o the_o internal_a air_n must_v first_o be_v move_v by_o that_o which_o be_v without_o and_o then_o transport_v the_o image_n of_o that_o sound_n wherewith_o it_o be_v move_v to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n it_o be_v very_o cavity_n the_o organ_n in_o this_o cavity_n necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v purge_v and_o keep_v pure_a from_o any_o stayn_v of_o corruption_n that_o like_o aneate_v glass_n it_o may_v represent_v the_o image_n offer_v unto_o it_o for_o this_o purification_n and_o expurgation_n of_o the_o inward_a air_n nature_n have_v place_v in_o this_o cavity_n diverse_a instrument_n some_o serve_v for_o pulsation_n some_o for_o traiection_n and_o some_o for_o expurgation_n for_o pulsation_n serve_v the_o three_o bone_n the_o chord_n and_o the_o muscle_n for_o traiection_n or_o conduction_n unto_o the_o other_o cavity_n serve_v two_o perforation_n common_o call_v fenestellae_fw-la or_o the_o window_n for_o expurgation_n there_o be_v a_o passage_n which_o lead_v into_o these_o palate_n all_o the_o particle_n do_v require_v a_o
hard_a body_n that_o may_v always_o stand_v open_a for_o egress_n and_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n for_o say_v galen_n if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v of_o flesh_n or_o a_o membrane_n the_o hole_n of_o it_o will_v have_v fall_v and_o the_o passage_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v so_o free_a for_o the_o breath_n and_o so_o the_o body_n have_v be_v deprive_v not_o of_o voice_n only_o but_o of_o life_n also_o because_o the_o respiration_n will_v have_v be_v intercept_v if_o it_o have_v be_v bony_a the_o hardness_n thereof_o will_v have_v press_v upon_o the_o gullet_n and_o so_o have_v hinder_v diglutition_n or_o swallow_a beside_o the_o very_a weight_n will_v have_v draw_v down_o bony_a why_o not_o bony_a the_o tongue_n and_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o hinder_v their_o action_n it_o will_v have_v need_v great_a muscle_n to_o have_v move_v so_o heavy_a a_o body_n which_o must_v have_v take_v up_o a_o great_a place_n than_o in_o so_o narrow_a a_o room_n can_v be_v allot_v to_o they_o and_o if_o the_o bone_n have_v be_v so_o fine_a and_o thin_a that_o all_o these_o inconvenience_n have_v be_v prevent_v than_o it_o will_v have_v easy_o be_v break_v be_v place_v outward_a for_o bone_n will_v not_o yield_v as_o gristle_n do_v i_o know_v well_o that_o columbus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v bony_a in_o grow_v man_n which_o he_o avouch_v upon_o his_o own_o dissection_n of_o innumerable_a body_n those_o be_v his_o word_n although_o bony_a columbus_n opinion_n that_o it_o be_v bony_a he_o confess_v that_o in_o young_a child_n it_o be_v gryst_o as_o not_o have_v attain_v his_o hardness_n and_o solidity_n one_o argument_n also_o he_o add_v which_o be_v that_o the_o substance_n be_v medullous_a or_o marrowy_a as_o he_o have_v often_o find_v in_o which_o one_o thing_n bone_n differ_v from_o grystle_n he_o also_o reprehend_v galen_n for_o cut_v up_o ape_n and_o not_o observe_v that_o their_o throtle_n be_v bony_a and_o vesalius_n for_o show_v the_o throtles_a of_o beast_n in_o his_o public_a dissection_n but_o fallopius_n who_o we_o esteem_v the_o more_o oculate_a anatomist_n say_v that_o sometime_o he_o have_v find_v the_o first_o and_o second_o grystle_n bony_a in_o very_o old_a man_n yea_o sometime_o before_o extreme_a old_a age_n but_o the_o three_o and_o the_o four_o grystle_n say_v he_o i_o never_o see_v bony_a neither_o can_v i_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n that_o think_v the_o larynx_n be_v bony_a and_o not_o gryst_o unless_o it_o be_v imperfect_a because_o nature_n intend_v it_o to_o be_v bony_a for_o say_v fallopius_n if_o this_o be_v so_o than_o we_o must_v confess_v fallopius_n disprove_v by_o fallopius_n that_o no_o man_n have_v the_o instrument_n of_o his_o voice_n perfect_a till_o he_o come_v to_o be_v old_a or_o strike_v in_o year_n which_o must_v not_o be_v grant_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n also_o be_v laurentius_n bauhine_n proceed_v further_a to_o prove_v it_o gryst_o on_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o proportion_n between_o the_o air_n that_o be_v beat_v &_o grist_o otherreason_n why_o it_o must_v be_v grist_o the_o body_n which_o beat_v it_o that_o so_o it_o may_v resound_v for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o voice_n for_o the_o voice_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o although_o sound_n do_v arise_v from_o hard_a body_n not_o from_o soft_a as_o a_o sponge_n a_o lock_n of_o wool_n or_o such_o like_a for_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o break_v unless_o it_o light_v against_o a_o solid_a hard_a and_o smooth_a body_n yet_o it_o must_v not_o be_v perfect_o hard_a for_o such_o a_o one_o do_v not_o ready_o cut_v the_o air_n but_o overturn_v it_o nor_o too_o soft_a for_o than_o it_o yield_v and_o make_v no_o resistance_n and_o therefore_o can_v make_v any_o sound_n such_o a_o body_n therefore_o which_o yield_v moderate_o and_o beat_v the_o air_n gentle_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o voice_n now_o such_o a_o body_n be_v a_o gristle_n final_o it_o be_v make_v grist_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n of_o the_o dissection_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o fit_a foundation_n for_o the_o other_o part_n whereof_o the_o larynx_n be_v compound_v and_o that_o the_o muscle_n may_v better_a arise_v therefrom_o and_o be_v implant_v thereinto_o but_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v it_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o one_o entire_a gristle_n without_o any_o articulation_n &_o gristle_n not_o of_o one_o gristle_n so_o immovable_a for_o than_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v either_o shut_v or_o open_v dilate_a or_o contract_v it_o be_v therefore_o make_v of_o many_o annex_v one_o to_o another_o and_o have_v motion_n not_o natural_a such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o artery_n but_o voluntary_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n for_o the_o chief_a use_n of_o it_o be_v in_o inspiration_n and_o exspiration_n it_o be_v meet_v we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o moderate_v it_o at_o ourpleasure_n add_v hereto_o that_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n to_o admit_v or_o expel_v our_o breath_n it_o be_v more_o than_o necessary_a we_o shall_v have_v a_o voluntary_a command_n over_o it_o to_o this_o purpose_n nature_n also_o furnish_v it_o with_o muscle_n and_o they_o with_o nerve_n for_o motion_n vein_n for_o nourishment_n artery_n for_o life_n and_o membrane_n for_o their_o strength_n she_o add_v also_o glandule_n to_o keep_v they_o all_o moist_a it_o be_v make_v of_o 3._o gristle_n say_v galen_n we_o say_v 4_o so_o do_v fallopius_n &_o diverse_a other_o for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o larynx_n they_o be_v double_a that_o be_v whereby_o it_o be_v dilate_v and_o constringe_v shut_v &_o gristle_n the_o number_n of_o the_o gristle_n open_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v need_v but_o of_o two_o articulation_n each_o of_o which_o serve_v each_o motion_n so_o that_o the_o dilatation_n and_o constriction_n be_v make_v by_o that_o articulation_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o first_o gristle_n and_o the_o second_o the_o open_n and_o shut_v by_o that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o larinx_n be_v either_o common_a or_o proper_a the_o common_a muscle_n be_v six_o that_o be_v three_o pair_n the_o first_o pair_n be_v call_v bronchij_fw-la tab._n 15._o fig._n 7._o xx_o because_o they_o muscle_n the_o muscle_n cleave_v to_o the_o rough_a artery_n the_o second_o pair_n be_v call_v hyoetdet_n or_o rather_o hyothyrocidei_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 3._o h._n the_o three_o pair_n be_v call_v oesophagei_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 7._o will_v the_o proper_a muscle_n be_v ten_o or_o five_o pair_n of_o which_o six_o do_v dilate_v and_o four_o do_v constringe_v some_o of_o these_o be_v place_v forward_o some_o backward_o some_o without_o some_z within_z table_n 15._o figure_n 3._o show_v some_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o nerve_n figure_n 4._o show_v all_o the_o proper_a muscle_n the_o clefte_a the_o fpiglottis_fw-la or_o after-tengue_a and_o the_o gristle_n figure_n 5._o show_v the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o larynxe_n with_o the_o muscle_n separate_v the_o gristle_n and_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la figure_n 6._o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o larynx_n with_o some_o muscle_n figure_n 7._o the_o transuerse_a muscle_n of_o the_o gullet_n also_o two_o common_a muscle_n together_o with_o the_o recurrent_a nerve_n tabula_n xv._o fig_n iii_o fig_n iv_o fig_n v._o fig_n vi_o fig_n vii_o the_o first_o pair_n we_o call_v the_o forward_a crycothyroidei_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 4_o s_z but_o in_o the_o sixth_o figure_n the_o one_o be_v separate_v the_o other_o remain_v in_o his_o proper_a seat_n the_o second_o pair_n we_o call_v the_o backward_a crycoarthenoidei_n tab._n 15._o fig._n 5_o i_o the_o three_o pair_n be_v call_v the_o lateral_a crycoarthenoidei_fw-la tab._n 15._o figure_n 4_o r_o the_o four_o pair_n be_v call_v the_o internal_a thyroidei_n or_o thyroarythenoidei_fw-la table_n 15._o fig._n 4._o c_o the_o five_o pair_n be_v call_v arytenoidei_fw-la tab._n 15._o fig._n 4_o and_o 5._o g_o the_o large_a description_n and_o use_n of_o these_o muscle_n look_v for_o in_o the_o book_n of_o muscle_n we_o will_v come_v to_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o larynx_n which_o we_o will_v handle_v particular_o in_o this_o place_n because_o they_o make_v this_o notable_a instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o touch_v they_o but_o by_o the_o way_n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o gristle_n the_o larynx_n therefore_o consist_v of_o three_o gristle_n say_v the_o ancient_n of_o four_o say_v many_o of_o the_o latter_a anatomist_n and_o we_o may_v so_o esteem_v they_o one_o call_v thyroide_n the_o other_o call_v crycoeides_n and_o the_o three_o arytenoide_v which_o be_v double_a these_o gristle_n
ought_v to_o be_v universal_o &_o abstract_o foreknown_a that_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o mean_v it_o come_v from_o his_o organ_n and_o that_o the_o function_n of_o every_o particle_n which_o be_v find_v in_o that_o organ_n though_o never_o so_o small_a may_v be_v know_v and_o so_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a that_o the_o action_n shall_v minister_v knowledge_n to_o itself_o and_o shall_v be_v both_o more_o know_v and_o more_o obscure_a than_o itself_o the_o use_n therefore_o of_o the_o part_n and_o their_o profit_n do_v differ_v as_o the_o word_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n profit_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o use_n &_o profit_n though_o use_v do_v also_o signify_v profit_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o one_o be_v more_o large_a in_o his_o signification_n then_o the_o other_o moreover_o that_o thing_n unto_o the_o fruition_n of_o which_o the_o action_n do_v aim_v be_v either_o separate_v from_o the_o action_n so_o that_o the_o action_n cease_v it_o be_v abandon_v or_o else_o it_o do_v only_o consist_v and_o have_v his_o be_v in_o fieri_fw-la that_o be_v whilst_o it_o be_v in_o motion_n &_o this_o be_v call_v in_o latin_a opus_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d actionis_fw-la the_o work_n of_o the_o action_n galen_n therefore_o in_o the_o 1._o de_fw-fr nat_n fac_fw-la say_v action_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o work_n and_o action_n well_o that_o the_o work_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o action_n and_o be_v a_o effect_n thereof_o as_o blood_n flesh_n a_o nerve_n or_o such_o like_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o action_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o seed_n sometime_o by_o the_o name_n of_o work_n we_o understand_v the_o action_n for_o concoction_n sanguification_n and_o distribution_n be_v certain_a action_n and_o yet_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n also_o but_o we_o must_v beware_v lest_o we_o call_v all_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n action_n for_o flesh_n a_o nerve_n and_o bone_n be_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n and_o yet_o no_o action_n of_o nature_n qvest._n four_o how_o manifold_a action_n be_v galen_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr utilitate_fw-la respirat_fw-la devide_v the_o action_n action_n what_o be_v a_o universal_a action_n of_o a_o live_a body_n into_o a_o universal_a and_o a_o particular_a i_o call_v that_o a_o universal_a action_n which_o be_v perfect_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o by_o his_o proper_a instrument_n as_o be_v the_o life_n which_o life_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 10._o of_o his_o ethic_n chapter_n three_o and_o galen_n in_o the_o place_n above_o quote_v say_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n as_o also_o be_v those_o four_o which_o do_v attend_v it_o retention_n concoction_n attraction_n and_o expulsion_n and_o a_o particular_a action_n i_o call_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o some_o one_o part_n or_o organ_n be_v what_o a_o particular_a action_n be_v for_o the_o profit_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o they_o be_v almost_o infinite_a yet_o all_o allot_v to_o their_o own_o proper_a part_n and_o so_o mutual_o conjoin_v and_o with_o such_o concord_n that_o they_o do_v all_o serve_v and_o help_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o do_v all_o conspire_v and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o one_o consent_n suffer_v together_o for_o great_a organ_n as_o the_o head_n the_o breast_n the_o abdomen_fw-la or_o panch_n &_o the_o joint_n do_v with_o all_o their_o function_n immediate_o serve_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o part_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n the_o lesser_a which_o be_v part_n of_o these_o be_v also_o refer_v to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o eye_n who_o action_n be_v whole_o destinate_a to_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v sight_n which_o nature_n by_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n do_v exercise_n all_o the_o other_o part_n do_v concur_v unto_o the_o constitution_n thereof_o and_o serve_v either_o as_o cause_n without_o which_o vision_n can_v be_v make_v as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v or_o as_o a_o cause_n of_o the_o better_a performance_n of_o this_o sense_n as_o the_o muscle_n and_o coat_n or_o last_o as_o conserve_n and_o defend_v cause_n as_o the_o eyelid_n and_o the_o eyebrow_n some_o do_v subdivide_v a_o particular_a action_n into_o a_o common_a or_o public_a and_o into_o a_o proper_a or_o private_a action_n &_o they_o call_v that_o common_a which_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v what_o a_o common_a action_n be_v and_o not_o of_o any_o private_a part_n only_o as_o be_v those_o operation_n call_v animal_n to_o wit_n go_v apprehension_n vision_n hear_v smell_a taste_v touch_v imagination_n ratiocination_n &_o memory_n among_o the_o natural_a operation_n chylification_n or_o the_o action_n of_o the_o stomach_n change_v the_o meat_n into_o chylus_n sangnification_n expulsion_n of_o the_o excrement_n the_o suck_a of_o the_o urine_n out_o of_o the_o vein_n attraction_n of_o seed_n the_o conformation_n of_o the_o infant_n with_o many_o other_o they_o call_v that_o a_o proper_a action_n which_o be_v addict_v unto_o one_o only_a part_n be_v what_o a_o proper_a action_n be_v such_o as_o they_o affirm_v to_o be_v retention_n concoction_n attraction_n &_o expulsion_n which_o i_o have_v comprehend_v in_o the_o number_n of_o universal_a action_n but_o they_o say_v they_o belong_v unto_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o part_n but_o this_o manner_n of_o distinguish_v be_v not_o to_o be_v in_o every_o respect_n admit_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o it_o do_v much_o rather_o engender_v a_o confusion_n then_o further_o our_o understanding_n in_o that_o they_o confound_v a_o proper_a and_o particular_a action_n with_o a_o universal_a for_o why_o shall_v that_o action_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o be_v universal_a and_o common_a to_o all_o the_o part_n be_v call_v proper_a and_o private_a how_o shall_v it_o be_v allot_v to_o one_o only_a part_n if_o that_o which_o they_o call_v common_a be_v assign_v to_o one_o organ_n how_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v common_a yet_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v common_a by_o accident_n because_o it_o tend_v to_o a_o public_a and_o common_a good_a he_o i_o will_v not_o gain_v say_v but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o that_o which_o be_v call_v by_o they_o a_o proper_a and_o private_a action_n will_v by_o the_o physician_n never_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v universal_a and_o a_o action_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o of_o all_o the_o part_n thereof_o for_o although_o attraction_n objection_n objection_n retention_n concoction_n expulsion_n do_v agree_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o to_o all_o the_o part_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o appropriate_v to_o their_o several_a part_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v proper_a unto_o every_o particular_a because_o that_o the_o several_a part_n do_v convenient_o exercise_v they_o by_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o i_o think_v that_o attraction_n be_v restrain_v to_o some_o certain_a humour_n do_v not_o induce_v the_o propriety_n of_o attraction_n but_o of_o that_o which_o be_v attract_v by_o it_o solution_n solution_n now_o that_o which_o be_v draw_v and_o the_o attraction_n itself_o do_v differ_v so_o a_o bone_n do_v attract_v yet_o not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o bone_n but_o as_o it_o do_v participate_v of_o life_n and_o the_o function_n of_o the_o whole_a yet_o it_o do_v attract_v a_o proper_a ivyce_n as_o it_o be_v such_o a_o part_n and_o no_o other_o but_o be_v it_o so_o that_o attraction_n and_o other_o natural_a function_n do_v belong_v and_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o bone_n a_o gristle_n a_o membrane_n &_o other_o such_o like_a part_n as_o proper_a unto_o they_o in_o regard_n that_o they_o all_o do_v proper_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n convenient_o exercise_v they_o yet_o shall_v it_o follow_v that_o every_o part_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o portion_n of_o a_o gristle_n or_o ligament_n shall_v perform_v a_o proper_a action_n one_o and_o the_o same_o ivyce_n be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o same_o similar_v part_n wherefore_o this_o subdivision_n of_o a_o particular_a action_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o allowable_a but_o i_o conclude_v from_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v that_o some_o part_n do_v perform_v a_o double_a one_o some_o part_n have_v a_o double_a action_n some_o only_a one_o office_n namely_o one_o common_a to_o all_o other_o part_n another_o proper_a which_o be_v commit_v to_o they_o and_o to_o no_o other_o part_n and_o yet_o tend_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o this_o office_n or_o function_n be_v three_o fold_n to_o wit_n animal_n vital_a and_o natural_a but_o what_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v and_o how_o manifold_a we_o have_v before_o declare_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v here_o only_o presuppose_v moreover_o some_o action_n be_v manifest_a by_o
to_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n they_o be_v not_o stiff_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v fiery_a but_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o his_o problem_n because_o they_o be_v environ_v with_o abundance_n of_o fat_a which_o fat_a though_o it_o stiff_a why_o not_o stiff_a have_v for_o his_o efficient_a cause_n a_o defect_n or_o weakness_n of_o heat_n yet_o not_o withstand_v by_o his_o reflection_n it_o do_v augment_v the_o heat_n and_o by_o his_o sliminesse_n do_v hinder_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n which_o beat_v upon_o they_o to_o these_o we_o join_v the_o plenty_n of_o animal_n spirit_n and_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o eye_n qvest._n xxv_o wherefore_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_o colour_v aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d omne_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o organ_n must_v be_v devoyde_a of_o any_o quality_n lest_o all_o thing_n shall_v savour_n of_o that_o same_o quality_n which_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n but_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o sight_n they_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v colour_v for_o if_o they_o be_v all_o thing_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n for_o all_o thing_n appear_v red_a to_o those_o that_o labour_n of_o a_o inflammation_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o have_v the_o blood_n collect_v in_o they_o by_o a_o blow_n or_o stripe_n or_o otherwise_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o the_o jaundice_n because_o their_o eye_n be_v colour_v with_o yellow_a choler_n do_v see_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v yellow_a on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v colour_v even_o our_o own_o sense_n do_v teach_v we_o for_o some_o man_n be_v walleyed_n some_o man_n eye_n black_a some_o man_n sky-coloured_a and_o other_o greenish_a and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n we_o answer_v according_a to_o aristotle_n that_o the_o name_n of_o colour_n be_v sometime_o colour_n a_o double_a acceptation_n of_o colour_n use_v more_o large_o sometime_o more_o strict_o in_o this_o large_a signification_n all_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v see_v be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v so_o translucent_a thing_n though_o that_o can_v limit_v or_o determine_v the_o sight_n yet_o be_v they_o colour_v aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n of_o colour_n call_v the_o air_n white_a and_o the_o fire_n red_a but_o there_o be_v another_o acception_n of_o colour_n more_o strict_a whereby_o it_o be_v define_v thus_o a_o colour_n be_v the_o extremity_n of_o a_o terminate_v pellucide_n body_n in_o the_o first_o signification_n the_o whole_a eye_n be_v colour_v all_o his_o part_n be_v colour_v because_o they_o be_v aspectible_a and_o may_v be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o latter_a signification_n only_o the_o coniunctive_a colour_v how_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v colour_v and_o grapy_a coat_n be_v true_o colour_v for_o the_o adnata_fw-la be_v white_a the_o grapy_n be_v diverse_o colour_v black_a blue_a and_o grass-green_a to_o recollect_v the_o spirit_n that_o be_v before_o dissipate_v or_o disperse_v that_o it_o may_v break_v the_o splendour_n of_o the_o externallight_n and_o that_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n may_v be_v as_o it_o be_v refresh_v with_o that_o colour_n as_o with_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o vision_n which_o receive_v the_o species_n of_o visible_a thing_n and_o be_v change_v by_o the_o colour_n be_v not_o at_o all_o colour_a but_o bright_a and_o lucide_n only_o now_o light_a and_o perspicuity_n or_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o visible_a species_n which_o help_v the_o reception_n of_o these_o species_n aristotle_n have_v observe_v in_o lib._n 5._o chap._n 1._o de_fw-la generate_fw-la animal_n which_o also_o pliny_n repeat_v in_o lib._n 2._o cap._n â—7_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n that_o only_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n be_v of_o manifold_a &_o diverse_a colour_n in_o other_o creature_n the_o eye_n be_v all_o alike_o according_a to_o their_o kind_n so_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o ox_n be_v black_a the_o eye_n of_o sheep_n watery_a of_o other_o creature_n red_a except_v a_o horse_n which_o be_v sometime_o wall_n eye_v but_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n be_v diverse_o colour_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n some_o be_v extreme_a some_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n the_o extreme_a colour_n be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n galen_n and_o avicen_n two_o namely_o the_o whitish_a or_o wall_n colour_n eye_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o black_a this_o wall-colour_n be_v somewhat_o whitish_a and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 5._o book_n de_fw-la gener_fw-la animal_n and_o galen_n cap._n 27._o artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la seem_v to_o oppose_v this_o wall-colour_n to_o black_a this_o caesius_n or_o wall-coloured_n the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o night-owle_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o eye_n shine_v with_o a_o greenish_a whiteness_n some_o do_v confound_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v for_o though_o either_o colour_n do_v somewhat_o tend_v to_o green_a yet_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o wal-coloured_n do_v approach_n near_o to_o white_a &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o tawny_a unto_o red._n aristotle_n in_o his_o physiognomy_n of_o the_o eye_n affirm_v this_o wall-colour_n in_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o fearful_a man_n but_o this_o tawny_a colour_n of_o a_o bold_a and_o stout_a courage_n therefore_o the_o eye_n of_o lion_n and_o eagle_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o tawny_a but_o the_o eye_n of_o old_a man_n and_o child_n to_o be_v wall_n colour_v either_o colour_n do_v shine_v but_o that_o brightness_n which_o be_v in_o wall_n eye_n be_v more_o white_a like_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o scale_n of_o fish_n in_o tawny_a eye_n the_o splendour_n be_v fiery_a as_o it_o be_v in_o burn_a coal_n the_o intermediate_v or_o mix_v colour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diverse_a mixture_n of_o the_o extreme_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n of_o colour_n there_o be_v diverse_a opinion_n according_a empedocles_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n empedocles_n to_o the_o diversity_n of_o man_n empedocles_n compose_v the_o eye_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n wherefore_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o wall-colour_n proceed_v from_o the_o predominance_n of_o the_o fire_n &_o the_o black_a from_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n aristotle_n in_o his_o five_o book_n degeneratione_n animalium_fw-la refer_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o colour_n unto_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o humour_n which_o he_o do_v illustrate_v by_o this_o example_n of_o air_n and_o water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o we_o look_v into_o a_o deep_a water_n or_o into_o thick_a air_n they_o will_v both_o seem_v aristotle_n aristotle_n black_a and_o obscure_a but_o if_o either_o of_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o thin_a the_o colour_n will_v appear_v tawny_a and_o splendent_a the_o blackness_n therefore_o of_o the_o eye_n be_v from_o the_o plenty_n and_o abundance_n of_o humour_n the_o wall_n eye_n be_v from_o the_o paucity_n and_o scarsenesse_n auerrhoe_n think_v that_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o eye_n proceed_v from_o coldness_n because_o auerrhoe_n auerrhoe_n for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o white_a thing_n be_v cold_a as_o the_o brain_n the_o fat_a the_o marrow_n the_o bone_n the_o membrane_n and_o blackness_n from_o heat_n galen_n in_o the_o 27_o chapter_n artis_fw-la paruae_fw-la refer_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n unto_o the_o plenty_n splendour_n opinion_n galens_n opinion_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o crystalline_a and_o watery_a humour_n for_o say_v he_o a_o wall_n eye_n come_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n or_o splendour_n of_o the_o crystalline_a or_o because_o of_o the_o prominent_a &_o bunch_v situation_n and_o also_o the_o paucity_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o thin_a and_o watery_a humour_n but_o a_o black_a eye_n come_v either_o from_o the_o scarcity_n of_o the_o crystalline_a or_o from_o the_o over-deepe_a situation_n of_o it_o or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o exquisite_o splendid_a and_o clear_a or_o because_o the_o watery_a humour_n be_v too_o abundant_a and_o yet_o not_o altogether_o pure_a thus_o far_o galen_n avicen_n refer_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o colour_n unto_o the_o grapie_a coat_n which_o as_o opinion_n auicens_fw-la opinion_n it_o be_v diverse_o colour_a itself_o so_o it_o do_v produce_v diverse_a colour_n in_o the_o eye_n a_o black_a coat_n cause_v black_a colour_n as_o a_o bluish_a coat_n a_o colour_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o his_o opinion_n do_v vesalius_n follow_v but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o may_v reconcile_v the_o different_a opinion_n of_o so_o grave_a author_n we_o do_v acknowledge_v
sometime_o they_o communicate_v some_o fibre_n to_o the_o bone_n hyois_n which_o they_o so_o draw_v unto_o the_o chin_n they_o have_v also_o certain_a line_n in_o they_o which_o anatomist_n call_v inscription_n as_o if_o they_o be_v many_o muscle_n the_o four_o pair_n be_v call_v basiglossi_n or_o ypsiglossi_fw-la or_o bone-tongue_n muscle_n tab_v 8._o fig._n 1._o and_o 2._o d_o o._n these_o do_v arise_v straight_o fleshy_a from_o the_o upper_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_n pair_n the_o 4_o pair_n and_o in_o some_o place_n be_v obscure_o divide_v asunder_o as_o if_o they_o be_v many_o muscle_n and_o so_o run_v a_o long_a the_o length_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o their_o use_n be_v when_o they_o be_v contract_v to_o draw_v the_o tongue_n direct_o inward_a or_o backward_o towards_o his_o root_n the_o five_o pair_n be_v call_v ceratoglossi_n or_o horne-tongue_n muscle_n tab_v 8._o fig._n 1._o and_o 2._o e._n and_o arise_v from_o the_o upper_a horn_n if_o they_o be_v there_o of_o the_o bone_n hyois_n from_o whence_o pass_v pair_n the_o 5._o pair_n somewhat_o oblique_o or_o slope_v they_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n near_o unto_o his_o root_n sometime_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o nether_a horn_n when_o the_o upper_a be_v want_v or_o be_v not_o very_o bony_a but_o rather_o like_o ligament_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v most_o common_o in_o woman_n which_o haply_o make_v their_o tongue_n more_o pliable_a if_o one_o of_o these_o only_o be_v contract_v the_o tongue_n especial_o the_o root_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v side-long_a downward_o and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o move_v to_o the_o right_a side_n or_o to_o the_o left_a but_o if_o both_o of_o they_o be_v contract_v then_o be_v it_o move_v right_a downward_o towards_o the_o throat_n this_o pair_n in_o ox_n be_v double_a in_o man_n it_o be_v but_o single_a these_o five_o pair_n of_o muscle_n therefore_o do_v move_v the_o tongue_n upward_o downward_o forward_o backward_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o to_o the_o side_n but_o if_o they_o tongue_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n work_v successive_o that_o be_v one_o upon_o another_o than_o they_o turn_v the_o tongue_n round_o &_o all_o these_o motion_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o above_o hyois_fw-fr do_v not_o a_o little_o further_a which_o some_o do_v rather_o ascribe_v to_o the_o fibrous_a substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n which_o have_v indeed_o all_o three_o kind_n of_o fibre_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n when_o these_o muscle_n be_v remoove_v there_o appear_v a_o root_n the_o glardulous_a flesh_n at_o the_o root_n certain_a flesh_n compound_v of_o many_o glandule_n mingle_v with_o fat_a which_o flesh_n do_v not_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o a_o muscle_n because_o a_o muscle_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o glandule_n or_o kernel_n but_o of_o fleshy_a fibre_n tab_v 8_o fig_z 1_o and_z 2_o h._n this_o knot_n of_o glandule_n grow_v at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n that_o with_o their_o liquor_n it_o may_v always_o be_v keep_v moist_a because_o without_o moisture_n there_o can_v be_v no_o perfect_a taste_n no_o more_o than_o there_o can_v be_v any_o concoction_n in_o the_o stomach_n without_o elixation_n or_o boil_a for_o the_o concoction_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v not_o a_o roast_n but_o a_o boil_a or_o elixation_n &_o therefore_o nature_n have_v ordain_v the_o glandulous_a pancreas_n or_o sweetbread_n to_o touch_v the_o stomach_n that_o thence_o there_o may_v continual_o ascend_v moist_a vapour_n that_o the_o concoction_n of_o the_o stomach_n may_v be_v accomplish_v by_o a_o moist_a boil_a not_o by_o a_o dry_a roast_n moreover_o this_o moisture_n of_o the_o kernelly_n flesh_n make_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n more_o glib_a and_o glad_a as_o we_o say_v or_o nimble_a for_o when_o the_o tongue_n be_v dry_a as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o those_o that_o be_v exceed_o asleep_o thirst_n his_o motion_n be_v more_o slow_n the_o same_o also_o we_o have_v experience_n of_o in_o those_o that_o labour_n of_o burn_a ague_n in_o who_o all_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v exhaust_v and_o dry_v up_o moreover_o the_o almond_n of_o the_o throat_n which_o we_o call_v tonsilla_n as_o be_v before_o observe_v by_o yield_v a_o perpetual_a moisture_n do_v moisten_v the_o tongue_n and_o so_o further_o his_o motion_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v because_o the_o action_n of_o the_o throttle_v or_o larynx_n be_v perform_v with_o voluntary_a contraction_n the_o action_n of_o a_o muscle_n be_v contraction_n motion_n nature_n have_v give_v it_o muscle_n which_o by_o their_o action_n which_o be_v contraction_n may_v bend_v extend_v and_o move_v sidelong_v the_o joint_n of_o the_o gristle_n that_o so_o the_o glottis_fw-la or_o toung-let_a may_v become_v movable_a and_o his_o cleft_n may_v be_v make_v broad_a or_o narrow_a as_o need_n shall_v require_v for_o so_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v because_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o our_o voice_n as_o well_o as_o our_o speech_n shall_v be_v at_o our_o command_n the_o throttle_v therefore_o have_v two_o kind_n of_o muscle_n common_a and_o proper_a the_o common_a be_v six_o or_o three_o pair_n of_o which_o four_o do_v constringe_v and_o two_o do_v dilate_v it_o the_o common_a be_v common_a 3._o pair_n of_o common_a so_o call_v because_o they_o arise_v from_o other_o part_n and_o be_v but_o implant_v into_o the_o throttle_v and_o of_o these_o we_o will_v treat_v first_o because_o they_o first_o fall_v under_o our_o view_n and_o so_o come_v first_o to_o be_v show_v the_o first_o pair_n of_o the_o common_a muscle_n tab_v 9_o fig._n 7._o xx_o which_o vesalius_n and_o diverse_a other_o pair_n the_o first_o pair_n do_v make_v the_o second_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o throttle_v one_o on_o each_o side_n and_o we_o call_v they_o bronchios_n or_o the_o weazon_n muscle_n because_o they_o cleave_v to_o the_o rough_a artery_n all_o along_o which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o hypocrates_n for_o they_o arise_v with_o a_o fleshy_a and_o broad_a beginning_n from_o the_o upper_a and_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o breastbone_n at_o the_o very_a jugulum_fw-la above_o the_o clavicles_a and_o with_o right_a sibre_n do_v run_v up_o along_o the_o weazon_n fleshy_a and_o a_o little_o broad_a than_o where_o they_o arise_v &_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o shield_n gristle_n call_v thyroeis_n below_o near_o the_o glandule_n with_o a_o broad_a and_o fleshy_a tendon_n which_o in_o man_n be_v but_o one_o but_o in_o beast_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o midst_n &_o in_o most_o of_o they_o one_o part_n be_v fasten_v into_o the_o throttle_n the_o other_o into_o the_o bone_n hyois_n yet_o galen_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o be_v their_o original_n and_o that_o they_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o brestbone_n they_o be_v very_o long_o because_o not_o the_o snield-gristle_n or_o the_o thyroide_v only_o but_o the_o whole_a larynx_n be_v move_v especial_o in_o a_o base_a voice_n where_o the_o throttle_n move_v downward_o and_o the_o whole_a weazon_n be_v contract_v in_o his_o membranous_a distance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o this_o pair_n cleave_v to_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o they_o be_v moreover_o very_o slender_a because_o the_o throttle_v easy_o descend_v with_o his_o own_o weight_n do_v not_o require_v any_o great_a strength_n yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v certain_a inscription_n or_o nervous_a distinction_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o right_a muscle_n of_o the_o paunch_n by_o which_o their_o length_n and_o tenuity_n be_v secure_v from_o danger_n their_o use_n be_v to_o draw_v down_o the_o shield-gristle_n call_v thyroide_v and_o below_o to_o constringe_v or_o contract_v it_o and_o so_o to_o dilate_v the_o cleave_a or_o fissure_v of_o the_o glottis_fw-la or_o toung-let_a in_o a_o base_a voice_n they_o also_o do_v somewhat_o contract_v the_o weazon_n that_o it_o be_v not_o double_v when_o we_o speak_v or_o the_o throttle_n too_o much_o dilate_v above_o the_o second_o pair_n of_o common_a muscle_n ta_fw-la 9_o fig._n 3._o h_o which_o vesalius_n call_v the_o first_o pair_n pair_n the_o 2._o pair_n as_o also_o do_v falopius_n and_o some_o other_o be_v situate_v likewise_o in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_n and_o be_v call_v hyoeides_n or_o rather_o hyothyroeides_n or_o the_o shield-bone_n muscle_n these_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o former_a and_o be_v far_o short_a they_o arise_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a almost_o from_o all_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr to_o who_o inward_a side_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v continuate_v and_o with_o right_a fibre_n they_o creep_v downward_o together_o
already_o declare_v do_v sufficient_o witness_v but_o as_o hypocrates_n erasistratus_n when_o he_o be_v wise_a herophilus_n galen_n and_o most_o anatomist_n do_v agree_v from_o the_o brain_n from_o which_o also_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n draw_v his_o original_n from_o the_o brain_n i_o say_v which_o be_v manifest_v as_o well_o by_o sense_n in_o the_o dissection_n thereof_o where_o we_o see_v many_o river_n of_o nerve_n in_o the_o brain_n to_o which_o those_o of_o the_o body_n be_v continuate_v as_o also_o because_o their_o substance_n be_v marrowy_a alike_o and_o clothe_v each_o of_o they_o with_o two_o membrane_n moreover_o the_o affect_n or_o disease_n of_o the_o head_n do_v manifest_o prove_v that_o all_o sense_n and_o motion_n do_v flow_v from_o the_o brain_n so_o in_o the_o apoplexy_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o obstruction_n of_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o animal_n faculty_n be_v instant_o intercept_v albeit_o the_o heart_n be_v altogether_o indemnify_v so_o in_o the_o epilepsy_n or_o fall_v sickness_n where_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n from_o whence_o the_o nerve_n do_v issue_n be_v affect_v the_o whole_a body_n be_v draw_v into_o convulsion_n which_o be_v nothing_o so_o when_o the_o heart_n be_v affect_v but_o we_o say_v before_o that_o a_o beginning_n be_v double_a one_o of_o generation_n another_o of_o dispensation_n double_a a_o original_n double_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o generation_n their_o beginning_n be_v seed_n of_o which_o as_o of_o their_o immediate_a matter_n they_o be_v frame_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o dispensation_n their_o beginning_n be_v in_o the_o brain_n together_o i_o mean_v with_o the_o after-brayne_n which_o be_v the_o original_a à _fw-fr quo_fw-la from_o which_o those_o pipe_n if_o so_o you_o listen_v to_o call_v they_o which_o receive_v sense_n and_o motion_n be_v distribute_v into_o the_o body_n as_o the_o part_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o or_o both_o again_o the_o nerve_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o proceed_n from_o the_o brain_n nerve_n the_o difference_n of_o nerve_n some_o from_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o of_o these_o again_o some_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n that_o be_v be_v yet_o contain_v in_o the_o scull_n other_o in_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n which_o be_v in_o the_o rackbone_n of_o the_o chine_n again_o of_o these_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o neck_n some_o of_o the_o chest_n some_o of_o the_o loin_n and_o some_o of_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_fw-la or_o holybone_n to_o which_o also_o we_o may_v adjoine_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o joint_n bauhine_v in_o this_o place_n interpose_v his_o own_o opinion_n which_o be_v that_o all_o nerve_n do_v issue_n he_o bauhine_v opinion_n of_o the_o original_n of_o nerve_n 8._o several_a opinion_n quote_v by_o he_o from_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n oblongate_v or_o lengthen_v out_o some_o while_o it_o remain_v yet_o in_o the_o scull_n and_o some_o after_o but_o withal_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o diverse_a opinion_n both_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o late_a writer_n concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n which_o discourse_n of_o his_o we_o will_v here_o transcribe_v but_o contract_n it_o as_o brief_o as_o we_o can_v he_o reckon_v therefore_o eight_o opinion_n for_o the_o nine_o we_o think_v not_o worthy_a to_o be_v remember_v the_o first_o be_v of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la ossium_fw-la in_o the_o very_a beginning_n where_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n he_o say_v that_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v from_o the_o noll_n unto_o the_o spine_n the_o hip_n the_o share_n the_o thigh_n the_o arm_n the_o leg_n and_o the_o foot_n the_o second_o be_v aristotle_n who_o in_o many_o place_n deliver_v that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o heart_n because_o in_o it_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o nerve_n for_o which_o he_o mistake_v the_o fibre_n and_o because_o aristotle_n aristotle_n from_o thence_o motion_n do_v arise_v and_o under_o his_o ensign_n alexander_n avicen_n and_o the_o whole_a school_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n do_v merit_n or_o band_n themselves_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n auerhoe_n and_o aponensis_n with_o some_o other_o do_v maintain_v indeed_o but_o with_o a_o distinction_n affirm_v that_o they_o issue_n from_o the_o hart_n mediante_fw-la cerebro_fw-la by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o heart_n and_o be_v multiply_v and_o propagate_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o praxagoras_n who_o think_v that_o the_o nerve_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o praxagoras_n praxagoras_n extenuate_v artery_n the_o four_o of_o erasistratus_n who_o think_v they_o yssue_v from_o the_o dura_n meninx_n but_o in_o his_o erasistratus_n erasistratus_n age_n he_o change_v his_o mind_n as_o galen_n witness_v of_o he_o the_o five_o be_v galens_n who_o determine_v that_o the_o nerve_n and_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n do_v proceed_v galen_n galen_n from_o the_o brain_n the_o sixth_o be_v that_o of_o vesalius_n who_o say_v that_o some_o nerve_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n other_o vessalius_n vessalius_n out_o of_o the_o rack_n of_o the_o spine_n those_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n before_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o spondelle_n the_o rest_n from_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n remain_v within_o the_o rackebone_n the_o seven_o be_v falopius_n his_o opinion_n in_o his_o observation_n where_o he_o say_v that_o some_o falopius_fw-la falopius_fw-la nerve_n as_o those_o that_o be_v soft_a do_v arise_v from_o the_o brain_n or_o the_o marrow_n within_o the_o skull_n other_o from_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n the_o eight_o be_v varolius_n opinion_n who_o say_v that_o all_o nerve_n do_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o after-brayne_n and_o with_o varolius_fw-la varolius_fw-la he_o do_v platerus_n archangelus_n and_o laurentius_n upon_o the_o matter_n consent_n as_o also_o do_v bauhine_v as_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o the_o nerve_n therefore_o which_o issue_n from_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n contain_v yet_o within_o the_o scull_n be_v common_o account_v 7_o pair_n according_a to_o galen_n some_o make_v nine_o coniugation_n which_o be_v call_v nerui_fw-la cerebri_fw-la the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o may_v be_v express_v in_o this_o distich_n optica_fw-la prima_fw-la oculos_fw-la movit_fw-la altera_fw-la tertia_fw-la gustat_fw-la quartaque_fw-la quinta_fw-la audit_n vaga_fw-la sexta_fw-la septima_fw-la linguae_fw-la est_fw-la the_o optic_n first_o eye_n mover_v next_o the_o three_o and_o four_o do_v taste_n the_o five_o do_v hear_v the_o sixth_o do_v gad_n the_o tongue_n claim_v seven_o and_o last_o to_o which_o also_o we_o may_v add_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_a other_o nerve_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o same_o marrow_n after_o it_o be_v fall_v through_o the_o great_a hole_n of_o the_o nowle-bone_n and_o run_v through_o the_o hole_n bore_v in_o the_o rackebone_n of_o the_o spin_v where_o it_o be_v proper_o call_v spinalis_fw-la medulla_n the_o spinal_a marrow_n and_o these_o be_v thirty_o pair_n or_o coniugation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v seven_o of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o chest_n or_o back_n twelve_o five_o of_o marrow_n 30._o pair_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n the_o loin_n and_o six_o of_o the_o holybone_n from_o which_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o joint_n do_v arise_v for_o the_o hand_n receive_v sometime_o five_o some_o six_o propagation_n from_o the_o five_o sixth_o and_o seven_o pair_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o from_o the_o first_o and_o second_o pair_n of_o the_o chest_n the_o foot_n receive_v four_o nerve_n from_o the_o three_o low_a pair_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o from_o the_o four_o sometime_o the_o five_o uppermost_a of_o the_o holybone_n which_o be_v call_v nerve_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n these_o nerve_n do_v issue_n on_o either_o side_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o no_o nerve_n be_v produce_v without_o his_o companion_n and_o therefore_o the_o grecian_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o latin_n neruorum_fw-la paria_fw-la or_o coniugia_fw-la pair_n or_o coniugation_n of_o nerve_n all_o these_o coniugation_n as_o they_o do_v arise_v alike_o one_o from_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o from_o the_o left_a so_o be_v they_o also_o distribute_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n except_o only_o the_o sixth_o pair_n of_o the_o brain_n who_o right_a nerve_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o be_v the_o left_a as_o we_o shall_v hear_v afterward_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v say_v in_o general_a concern_v the_o nature_n difference_n use_v and_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n now_o we_o descend_v unto_o their_o particular_a history_n beginning_n with_o
the_o chin_n to_o draw_v the_o same_o downward_o therefore_o arantius_n who_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o three_o pair_n above_o name_v make_v it_o the_o five_o pair_n limit_v the_o use_n that_o arantius_n limit_v of_o the_o jaw_n and_o say_v that_o this_o portion_n or_o part_n of_o the_o square_a muscle_n together_o with_o the_o 4._o pair_n call_v the_o digastrick_n do_v open_a the_o mouth_n and_o draw_v the_o jaw_n downward_o yet_o so_o that_o it_o be_v more_o direct_o draw_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o cheek_n by_o the_o four_o pair_n but_o by_o this_o five_o pair_n as_o he_o account_v they_o the_o jaw_n be_v wrest_v oblique_o together_o with_o the_o cheek_n and_o the_o lower_n lip_n side-ward_a if_o but_o one_o of_o they_o move_v if_o they_o move_v together_o than_o it_o incline_v it_o to_o neither_o part_n but_o leead_v it_o towards_o the_o throttle_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o chop_n which_o serve_v for_o diglutition_n or_o swallow_v galen_n first_o of_o all_o man_n describe_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o chop_n who_o after_o oribasius_n his_o epitomiser_n and_o avicen_n follow_v make_v one_o on_o each_o side_n among_o the_o late_a anatomist_n falopius_n be_v the_o first_o who_o describe_v three_o pair_n which_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o mouth_n between_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o palate_n &_o the_o breadth_n chap_n 4._o pair_n of_o muscle_n of_o the_o chap_n of_o the_o nostril_n we_o will_v reckon_v unto_o you_o 4._o pair_n whereof_o two_o do_v dilate_v and_o two_o contract_n and_o therefore_o they_o help_v the_o swallow_a because_o the_o chap_n be_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v dilate_v or_o straighten_v when_o the_o meat_n and_o the_o drink_n shall_v pass_v by_o they_o the_o first_o pair_n arise_v thin_a and_o nervous_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n call_v first_o the_o first_o sphaenoide_v near_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o lower_n jaw_v with_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o descend_v very_o small_a and_o slender_a by_o the_o inward_a cavity_n of_o the_o pterygoide_n and_o end_v in_o a_o nervous_a thin_a and_o broad_a tendon_n which_o pass_v over_o the_o cleave_a which_o be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pterygoide_n and_o be_v reflect_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o skinny_a part_n of_o the_o palate_n at_o which_o the_o vuula_n hang_v if_o both_o these_o muscle_n move_v together_o they_o draw_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o chap_n together_o with_o the_o vuula_n upward_a and_o forward_o if_o but_o one_o of_o they_o move_v than_o it_o draw_v unto_o that_o side_n wherein_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o second_o pair_n arise_v nervous_a from_o the_o same_o begin_n with_o the_o former_a and_o decline_v second_o the_o second_o downwards_o it_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o chop_n where_o the_o tonsil_n or_o almond_n do_v reside_v and_o take_v uppe_o or_o at_o least_o embrace_v all_o the_o side_n and_o backepart_v of_o the_o chop_n this_o pair_n draw_v the_o tonsil_n upward_o and_o sidelong_v and_o dilate_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o chap_n by_o part_v they_o asunder_o these_o two_o pair_n serve_v to_o dilate_v or_o open_v the_o chop_n and_o some_o say_v they_o hinder_v the_o liquid_a matter_n that_o come_v up_o in_o vomit_v that_o it_o pass_v not_o through_o or_o into_o the_o nose_n the_o three_o pair_n compass_v the_o backward_a and_o side_n cavitie_n of_o the_o chop_n and_o arise_v three_o the_o three_o very_o thin_a where_o the_o head_n be_v join_v with_o the_o neck_n whence_o it_o descend_v and_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_n and_o the_o first_o gristle_n of_o the_o throttle_v sometime_o also_o into_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n but_o obscure_o and_o it_o constringe_v the_o chop_n when_o a_o man_n swallow_v and_o as_o falopius_n persuade_v himself_o it_o help_v to_o swallow_v a_o great_a morsel_n because_o in_o diglutition_n or_o swallow_v of_o meat_n it_o raise_v up_o the_o throttle_n the_o four_o pair_n arise_v very_o slender_a from_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o appendix_n call_v styloide_v decline_v forward_o and_o be_v insert_v with_o a_o membranous_a tendon_n to_o the_o first_o gristle_n of_o the_o four_o the_o four_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o therefore_o say_v platerus_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o pair_n common_a to_o the_o chap_n and_o to_o the_o tongue_n because_o it_o draw_v the_o tongue_n and_o the_o foresay_a part_n backward_o and_o upward_o and_o constringe_v the_o chop_n as_o we_o swallow_v these_o two_o latter_a pair_n do_v contract_v the_o chop_n and_o somewhat_o lift_v up_o the_o throttle_n that_o the_o swallow_n may_v be_v the_o more_o facile_a and_o easy_a chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v hyois_n because_o the_o meat_n when_o it_o be_v break_v by_o both_o the_o jaw_n and_o their_o tooth_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cheek_n the_o low_a jaw_n and_o the_o tongue_n must_v be_v swallow_v and_o transmit_v into_o the_o stomach_n and_o that_o this_o diglutition_n or_o swallow_a be_v a_o voluntary_a motion_n it_o have_v need_n of_o muscle_n appropriate_v thereunto_o and_o distinct_a from_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n because_o we_o can_v swallow_v and_o yet_o hold_v our_o tongue_n still_o and_o steadfast_a and_o beside_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n do_v accomplish_v other_o private_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o these_o muscle_n which_o serve_v for_o diglutition_n they_o make_v to_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr both_o because_o they_o be_v annex_v unto_o it_o and_o do_v also_o move_v it_o upward_o and_o downward_o and_o to_o both_o side_n for_o the_o bone_n itself_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v movable_a because_o it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v helpeful_a to_o deglutition_v but_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o muscle_n which_o be_v join_v to_o this_o bone_n some_o have_v their_o original_n from_o it_o but_o do_v serve_v other_o part_n as_o the_o tongue_n &_o the_o larynx_n other_o that_o take_v their_o original_n from_o other_o bone_n and_o yet_o be_v insert_v into_o this_o hyois_n and_o muscle_n four_o pair_n of_o muscle_n be_v proper_a to_o it_o and_o of_o these_o we_o will_v entreat_v at_o this_o time_n reckon_v up_o unto_o you_o 4_o pair_n although_o there_o be_v some_o who_o account_n six_o of_o these_o two_o pair_n be_v number_v with_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr be_v very_o never_o a_o kin_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o their_o muscle_n be_v mix_v and_o connect_v together_o the_o first_o pair_n run_v between_o the_o brestbone_n and_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o be_v therefore_o call_v sternohyoidei_fw-la tab._n 6._o fig._n 2_o q_o â—_o and_o appear_v outward_o under_o the_o skin_n lie_v upon_o the_o pair_n the_o 1._o pair_n sharp_a artery_n and_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o throttle_v call_v thyroeides_n it_o arise_v with_o a_o broad_a and_o fleshy_a beginning_n from_o the_o upper_a and_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o brestbone_n and_o run_v direct_o upward_a and_o be_v implant_v very_o fleshy_a without_o a_o tendon_n say_v columbus_n into_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_n all_o along_o their_o passage_n they_o be_v fleshy_a and_o broad_a and_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o midst_n by_o a_o line_n which_o pass_v according_a to_o their_o length_n their_o use_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o bone_n straight_o downward_o and_o backward_o and_o by_o accident_n also_o they_o defend_v the_o throttle_v and_o the_o gristle_n thyroesdes_n the_o second_o pair_n call_v genio-hyoides_a tab._n 6._o fig._n 2_o s_o be_v under_o the_o chin_n and_o the_o five_o pair_n the_o 2._o pair_n pair_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n tab._n 6._o fig._n 2_o o_fw-la they_o be_v large_a and_o short_a and_o fleshy_a all_o over_o and_o do_v arise_v with_o fibres_n of_o a_o diverse_a course_n from_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n and_o be_v insert_v with_o the_o same_o breadth_n into_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr into_o which_o also_o the_o first_o pair_n be_v implant_v they_o draw_v direct_o upward_o and_o somewhat_o forward_o the_o three_o pair_n call_v styloceratoeides_n tab._n 7._o fig._n 2_o t_n be_v seat_v oblique_o and_o under_o the_o chin_n as_o the_o former_a and_o be_v outward_o stretch_v upon_o the_o fifte_a pair_n of_o the_o nether_a jaw_n they_o be_v slender_a and_o round_a and_o arise_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o appendixe_n styloide_v pair_n the_o 3_o pair_n above_o the_o original_n of_o the_o five_o muscle_n of_o the_o jaw_n and_o end_n into_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o hyois_n that_o