Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	lord_n	part_n	time_n	1,762	5	3.0923	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68397	The breuiary of Britayne As this most noble, and renowmed iland, was of auncient time deuided into three kingdomes, England, Scotland and Wales. Contaynyng a learned discourse of the variable state, [and] alteration therof, vnder diuers, as wel natural: as forren princes, [and] conquerours. Together with the geographicall description of the same, such as nether by elder, nor later writers, the like hath been set foorth before. Writen in Latin by Humfrey Lhuyd of Denbigh, a Cambre Britayne, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, Gentleman.; Commentarioli Britannicae descriptionis fragmentum. English	Llwyd, Humphrey, 1527-1568.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1573 (1573)	STC 16636; ESTC S108126	73,902	228

they_o come_v of_o englishman_n where_o as_o they_o and_o the_o englishman_n count_n the_o other_o scot_n but_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a these_o nation_n as_o i_o say_v until_o that_o honorius_n come_v to_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o lord_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o molest_v the_o north_n part_n of_o britain_n with_o incursion_n and_o robbery_n at_o which_o time_n have_v call_v a_o power_n out_o of_o ireland_n to_o help_v they_o as_o gyldas_n and_o bede_n do_v avouch_v under_o conduct_v of_o reuda_n establish_v themselves_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o albania_n but_o the_o readshanks_n possess_v the_o east_n region_n whereas_o first_o they_o make_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o britain_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o englishman_n and_o dane_n sometime_o they_o be_v confederate_a sometime_o they_o war_v diverse_o until_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n eight_o hundred_o and_o forty_o all_o the_o redshank_n be_v destroy_v by_o kennethus_n king_n of_o scot_n in_o somuch_o that_o their_o name_n and_o kingdom_n cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_o in_o britain_n who_o country_n the_o scot_n add_v unto_o their_o own_o which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v renown_v in_o britain_n this_o much_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n according_a to_o the_o verity_n of_o the_o history_n howbeit_o i_o know_v well_o how_o boethius_n a_o most_o vain_a reporter_n of_o fable_n impudent_o affirm_v that_o they_o reign_v in_o britain_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n be_v bear_v and_o he_o feign_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o king_n so_o many_o war_n by_o they_o most_o valiant_o wage_v against_o the_o roman_n so_o many_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n in_o britain_n by_o they_o institute_v as_o neither_o lucian_n in_o his_o fabulous_a narration_n neither_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o amadis_n of_o gaul_n nor_o witty_a ariostus_n in_o his_o orlando_n furioso_n have_v ever_o commend_v unto_o we_o in_o fable_n but_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o i_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o most_o beastly_a man_n in_o his_o colour_n &_o that_o the_o sleight_n and_o subtlety_n wherewith_o he_o endevour_v to_o blear_v all_o man_n eye_n may_v be_v display_v i_o will_v brief_o touch_v certain_a of_o his_o most_o vain_a trifle_n &_o such_o as_o all_o man_n of_o wit_n and_o understand_v may_v easy_o perceive_v to_o be_v stark_o lie_v and_o here_o i_o let_v pas_fw-fr egyptian_a fable_n and_o of_o the_o stock_n and_o race_n of_o scottish_a king_n in_o britain_n before_o caesar_n come_v where_o he_o affirm_v that_o caesar_n be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o flee_v out_o of_o britain_n who_o afterward_o send_v ambassador_n unto_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n to_o request_v their_o friendship_n and_o that_o at_o last_o he_o conduct_v his_o roman_a army_n in_o to_o the_o forest_n caledonia_n also_o that_o augustus_n send_v his_o messenger_n unto_o metellus_n king_n of_o scot_n to_o entreat_v he_o for_o peace_n moreover_o he_o make_v cataracus_n a_o britain_n and_o son_n to_o king_n cynobellinus_n as_o dion_n a_o most_o famous_a author_n report_v king_n of_o scotland_n he_o stick_v not_o to_o avouch_v that_o the_o brigant_n siluri_n and_o ordovici_fw-la be_v scot_n he_o sheweth_z how_o dangerous_a the_o expedition_n be_v of_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n and_o describe_v great_a war_n between_o he_o and_o canus_n the_o king_n of_o the_o orchades_n he_o write_v that_o voadicia_n the_o most_o renown_a queen_n voadicia_n of_o iceni_n who_o valiant_a deed_n against_o the_o roman_n tacitus_n and_o also_o dion_n have_v make_v know_v to_o the_o world_n veusius_fw-la earl_n of_o brigant_n cartimandua_n the_o queen_n be_v all_o scot_n and_o final_o there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n wherein_o the_o roman_n or_o britain_n behave_v themselves_o courageous_o or_o wise_o in_o britain_n which_o this_o monster_n do_v not_o ascribe_v unto_o his_o feign_a scot_n and_o which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o world_n and_o he_o have_v not_o only_o transcribe_v the_o mind_n but_o also_o whole_a sentence_n and_o oration_n of_o tacitus_n into_o his_o book_n always_o change_a the_o name_n of_o nation_n and_o city_n like_o a_o malicious_a falsifier_n with_o out_o all_o shame_n or_o honesty_n he_o say_v caesar_n &_o tacitus_n write_v these_o thing_n of_o the_o redshank_n and_o those_o of_o the_o scot_n &_o that_o these_o nation_n make_v such_o and_o so_o many_o war_n when_o as_o in_o deed_n the_o name_n of_o scot_n or_o redshank_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v find_v in_o these_o most_o noble_a writer_n and_o true_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o caesar_n be_v avery_n wise_a gentleman_n when_o he_o have_v thorough_o learn_v the_o state_n &_o manner_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o irishman_n will_v with_o silence_n have_v overpass_o the_o name_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n special_o have_v send_v ambassador_n unto_o their_o king_n neither_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o tacitus_n a_o famous_a man_n and_o very_o expert_a in_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n and_o other_o country_n when_o he_o describe_v the_o expedition_n of_o agricola_n his_o father_n in_o law_n in_o to_o britain_n and_o as_o it_o be_v depeynt_v forth_o the_o sheyre_n peoples_z portes_n and_o river_n of_o that_o region_n by_o their_o proper_a name_n &_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o certain_a earl_n of_o ireland_n take_v by_o agricola_n know_v not_o also_o the_o name_n of_o scot_n and_o redshank_n with_o who_o boethius●ayneth_v ●ayneth_z he_o wage_v that_o war_n when_o as_o in_o every_o place_n he_o seem_v to_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o albion_n britain_n and_o it_o have_v stand_v much_o more_o with_o agricolas_fw-la honour_n be_v a_o worthy_a man_n who_o tacitus_n also_o by_o his_o work_n endeavour_v to_o make_v more_o noble_a to_o have_v subdue_v unknown_a nation_n and_o such_o as_o ●ead_a on_o man_n flesh_n such_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v long_a time_n after_o rather_o then_o the_o britain_n which_o be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n also_o dion_n a_o man_n which_o have_v be_v consul_n and_o familiar_a with_o severus_n the_o emperor_n and_o unto_o he_o dear_o belove_v whilst_o he_o declare_v his_o expedition_n into_o britain_n at_o large_a not_o once_o speak_v of_o the_o scot_n or_o redshank_n b●ing_v very_o well_o know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o he_o convey_v all_o his_o force_n and_o power_n into_o albania_n or_o scotland_n for_o quoth_v dion_n the_o meati_fw-la &_o caledonij_fw-la two_o diverse_a kind_n of_o britain_n revolt_a from_o the_o roman_n and_o severus_n call_v together_o his_o soldier_n command_v they_o to_o innate_a their_o country_n and_o kill_v all_o that_o ever_o they_o meet_v and_o thus_o he_o charge_v they_o in_o these_o word_n let_v none_o escape_v your_o hand_n away_o nor_o cruel_a bloody_a broil_n no_o tender_a imp_n though_o in_o her_o womb_n the_o dame_n there_o with_o do_v toil_n let_v he_o not_o escape_v a_o woeful_a death_n when_o severus_n come_v into_o caledonia_n he_o fight_v never_o a_o battle_n neither_o see_v he_o any_o power_n of_o his_o enemy_n in_o a_o readiness_n and_o so_o pass_a throughout_o all_o his_o enemy_n land_n have_v not_o lose_v in_o fight_n but_o by_o water_n and_o hunger_n fifty_o thousand_o man_n return_v unto_o his_o fellow_n if_o the_o scot_n have_v be_v in_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n the_o reporter_n hereof_o be_v a_o friend_n neither_o after_o he_o herodian_a who_o in_o sufficient_a long_a discourse_n have_v set_v forth_o that_o voyage_n will_v have_v defraud_v a_o emperor_n so_o ambitious_a and_o thirsty_a of_o honour_n as_o severꝰ_n be_v of_o his_o due_a praise_n wherefore_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a as_o noon_n day_n that_o at_o this_o time_n which_o be_v about_o two_o hundred_o and_o two_o year_n after_o the_o incarnation_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o scot_n have_v no_o seat_n in_o britain_n over_o and_o beside_o all_o this_o neither_o eutropius_n neither_o spartianus_n neither_o capitolinus_n neither_o lampridius_n neither_o vopiscus_n nor_o aurelius_n victor_n who_o have_v all_o write_v the_o expedition_n and_o war_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n in_o britain_n have_v in_o any_o plate_n make_v mention_v of_o the_o scottish_n or_o readshank_n name_n although_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o these_o argument_n be_v sufficient_a to_o improve_v and_o condemn_v the_o ●eere_o trifle_n of_o boethius_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v light_o touch_v two_o of_o his_o history_n which_o by_o the_o author_n be_v setfoorth_o at_o large_a enough_o with_o word_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o but_o i_o pray_v you_o when_o you_o be_v let_v to_o look_v your_o laughter_n friend_n you_o will_v refrain_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o fable_n he_o write_v how_o that_o ptolomaeus_n philadelphus_n king_n

nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à_fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à_fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à_fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o ▪_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ●60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n ●ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericu●_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o they_o call_v deheubarth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o right_a side_n which_o although_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v far_o the_o big_a notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o noble_a man_n which_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v call_v vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a man_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o rebel_v against_o their_o lord_n &_o to_o defy_v they_o in_o armour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o worse_a this_o division_n whilst_o their_o posterity_n contend_v among_o themselves_o in_o civil_a war_n and_o each_o of_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o englishman_n in_o external_a at_o last_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v gwynedh_n englishmen_n north-wales_n &_o the_o latin_a writer_n corrupt_o venodotia_n have_v in_o venodotia_n ancient_a time_n these_o limit_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n it_o have_v vergivium_fw-la or_o the_o irish_a ocean_n at_o the_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o river_n devye_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o from_o southwales_n on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n side_n it_o be_v sever_v from_o powy_n and_o england_n with_o high_a hill_n and_o sometime_o with_o water_n unto_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi the_o same_o also_o be_v part_v into_o four_o region_n which_o contain_v fifteen_o cantredi_n which_o signify_v a_o hundred_o village_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o anglysey_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n &_o in_o the_o same_o be_v a_o king_n palace_n the_o seat_n of_o north-wales_n in_o aberfraw_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n for_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v good_a howel_n of_o wall_n both_o king_n and_o lawyer_n which_o i_o have_v see_v write_v both_o in_o the_o british_a and_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n aught_o to_o pay_v threescore_o and_o three_o pound_n for_o tribute_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o dinesur_n a_o matrafall_n be_v several_o bind_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o wales_n king_n be_v the_o chief_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o anglysey_n be_v diverse_a little_a land_n as_o ynis_n adar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o bird_n sometime_o but_o now_o it_o be_v call_v ynis_n moylrhoniay_v to_o wit_n the_o i_o will_v of_o whale_n in_o english_a ysterisd_v also_o ynis_n lygod_n that_o be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o mouse_n and_o the_o i_o will_v seirial_n in_o english_a preêstholme_n the_o second_o region_n of_o gwynedh_n call_v arfon_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v above_o anglysey_n the_o best_a fortify_v part_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o it_o centeyn_v the_o high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o we_o term_v yriri_fw-la the_o englishman_n snowdowne_n because_o they_o carry_v snow_n for_o height_n and_o plenty_n of_o cattle_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o the_o alps_n it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o river_n and_o stand_v water_n beyond_o who_o far_a promontory_n call_v lhynus_fw-la lie_v a_o i_o will_v which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v lymnos_n our_o countryman_n eulhi_n the_o englishman_n bardesey_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o the_o bardi_n in_o arfon_n overagain_o anglysey_n stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n segontium_n of_o the_o britain_n caërsegont_a of_o a_o river_n which_o pass_v thereby_o but_o now_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o new_a town_n and_o a_o castle_n found_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o 1._o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n call_v caër_fw-la arfon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o town_n upon_o anglysey_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o overagain_o anglysey_n lie_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o banchor_n and_o upon_o conway_n water_n which_o there_o ebb_v and_o slow_v stand_v conway_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v aberconwy_n a_o wall_a town_n build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n then_o follow_v meridnia_n with_o we_o merionydh_n and_o gyraldus_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o the_o son_n of_o conavius_fw-la the_o same_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o most_o rough_a and_o sharp_a of_o all_o wales_n have_v in_o it_o most_o high_a mountain_n the_o people_n use_v long_o spear_n wherewith_o they_o be_v of_o great_a force_n as_z the_o southwales_n man_n with_o their_o bow_n so_o that_o a_o harnies_n can_v bear_v it_o of_o so_o much_o he_o the_o sea_n coast_n there_o by_o occasion_n of_o take_v great_a her_v take_v be_v much_o frequent_v by_o people_n of_o diverse_a country_n in_o the_o same_o stand_v the_o town_n harlechia_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o within_o the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n tegid_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi which_o we_o call_v doverduwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n flow_v where_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o

building_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v caërludd_n and_o lhundain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lud_n city_n and_o also_o london_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o polydorus_n seek_v trinovantum_fw-la about_o northampton_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a antiquity_n be_v of_o more_o force_n with_o i_o than_o any_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a person_n we_o yield_v these_o name_n to_o london_n although_o ptolomaeus_n lay_v they_o near_o to_o the_o thames_n &_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n have_v call_v london_n a_o city_n of_o kent_n and_o marius_n niger_n afterward_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a bosom_n for_o the_o other_o side_n the_o trinovamte_n do_v hold_v into_o the_o middle_n whereof_o the_o river_n thames_n do_v flow_v polydorus_n virgilius_n the_o vrbinate_a go_v about_o to_o prove_v out_o of_o tacitus_n by_o argument_n of_o little_a force_n that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inland_a people_n when_o as_o his_o reason_n 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ten_o thousand_o roman_n and_o be_v return_v back_o again_o self_n and_o sound_n before_o suetonius_n come_v as_o tacitus_n avouch_v and_o that_o their_o rage_n extend_v not_o unto_o london_n the_o cause_n be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v for_o that_o london_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o a_o great_a mart_n city_n of_o they_o famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o travailer_n which_o resort_v thither_o for_o tra●aque_v of_o merchandise_n abound_v with_o victual_n and_o stout_o defense_v with_o munition_n and_o garrison_n against_o all_o adventure_n as_o all_o man_n do_v know_v hereby_o it_o appear_v how_o weak_a polydorus_n argument_n be_v especial_o who_o so_o well_o know_v that_o part_n of_o england_n and_o that_o london_n be_v the_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o call_v augusta_n as_o marcellinus_n report_v with_o these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_o instruct_v i_o say_v that_o the_o trinobantes_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o after_o the_o come_v of_o saxon_n make_v up_o their_o four_o kingdom_n which_o they_o call_v eastsaxons_n and_o another_o call_v midlesaxons_n who_o principal_a city_n be_v london_n at_o this_o day_n which_o sometime_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o mercij_fw-la or_o march_n ptolomaeus_n mention_v asleep_o neither_o beside_o this_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la call_v camudolanum_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v all_o one_o with_o camalodunum_n as_o i_o judge_v by_o read_v roman_a history_n although_o ptolomaeus_n speak_v of_o camalodunum_n for_o it_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n and_o be_v by_o claudius_n appoint_v the_o first_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o not_o near_o the_o brigant_n as_o polydorus_n much_o less_o in_o scotlan_n as_o boethius_n dream_v and_o for_o the_o more_o plainness_n hereof_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o bring_v forth_o the_o word_n of_o dion_n who_o have_v be_v sometime_o consul_n claudius_n after_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o message_n forthwith_o commit_v the_o matter_n appertain_v to_o the_o city_n and_o the_o souldieurs_fw-fr to_o vitellius_n his_o college_n who_o consulship_n as_o also_o his_o own_o he_o have_v prorogue_v for_o six_o month_n long_a himself_o depart_v from_o rome_n to_o ostia_n where_o he_o take_v ship_n and_o arrive_v at_o massilia_n and_o take_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o journey_n partly_o by_o land_n and_o partly_o by_o water_n come_v too_o the_o ocean_n and_o pass_v over_o into_o britain_n and_o come_v to_o his_o army_n which_o lie_v by_o the_o thames_n look_v for_o he_o who_o when_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o charge_n he_o go_v over_o the_o water_n with_o certain_a barbarian_n which_o draw_v to_o he_o at_o his_o come_v ●e_z spread_v his_o banner_n fight_v and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o win_v camalodunum_n the_o regal_a seat_n of_o cynobellinus_n and_o take_v many_o prisoner_n partly_o by_o force_n &_o partly_o by_o yield_v hereby_o it_o appear_v eviuident_o that_o camalodunum_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n in_o which_o place_n ptolomaeus_n place_v camudolanun_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o colony_n of_o claudius_n cesar_n famous_a for_o the_o church_n which_o they_o call_v now_o colchestre_n the_o old_a name_n colchestre_fw-fr be_v make_v as_o i_o think_v by_o join_v the_o water_n and_o the_o church_n together_o a_o common_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n as_o henlhan_n that_o be_v a_o old_a church_n lhanelwy_a a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n elguen_n or_o the_o church_n elguen_n which_o the_o englishman_n and_o bishop_n now_o a_o day_n call_v but_o not_o well_o the_o see_v of_o s._n asaphe_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_a more_o whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o latin_a begin_v or_o end_n in_o these_o termination_n lan_n or_o lam_n be_v of_o old_a so_o term_v of_o church_n in_o the_o british_n tongue_n moreover_o out_o of_o this_o place_n of_o dion_n it_o be_v gather_v how_o much_o a_o man_n without_o shame_n that_o polydorus_n virgillius_fw-la be_v who_o doubt_v not_o to_o affirm_v reprove_v that_o claudius_n caesar_n vanquish_v the_o britain_n without_o any_o battle_n &_o most_o imputent_o call_v they_o dastard_n who_o caesar_n himself_o tacitus_n dion_n &_o herodian_a term_v by_o these_o name_n most_o warlike_a cruel_a bloodthirsty_a impatient_a both_o of_o bondage_n &_o injury_n but_o a_o infamous_a beggage_n groom_n full_o fraught_v with_o envy_n &_o hatred_n what_o dare_v he_o not_o do_v or_o say_v i_o omit_v his_o schoolmaster_n boethius_n who_o beside_o these_o lie_n speak_v of_o a_o mighty_a war_n which_o claudius_n make_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o the_o orchades_n affirm_v the_o same_o to_o be_v true_a too_o too_o impudent_o for_o thou_o may_v easy_o judge_v good_a reader_n how_o much_o land_n and_o sea_n the_o roman_a emperor_n with_o a_o great_a army_n can_v march_v over_o in_o xuj_o day_n only_o during_o which_o time_n he_o abide_v in_o britain_n when_o tacitus_n also_o a_o most_o faithful_a writer_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o agricola_n the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v know_v and_o the_o isle_n call_v orchades_n be_v orchades_n then_o unknown_a but_o first_o find_v out_o and_o subdue_v by_o he_o this_o dion_n testify_v to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o life_n of_o titus_n the_o emperor_n neither_o speak_v suetonius_n against_o it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o claudius_n tarry_v in_o britain_n but_o a_o very_a few_o day_n howbeit_o eutropius_n and_o after_o he_o orosius_n seem_v to_o think_v otherwise_o not_o know_v exact_o how_o far_o distant_a the_o orchades_n be_v from_o kent_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o truth_n certain_o persuade_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v we_o stick_v unto_o they_o as_o unto_o two_o most_o faithful_a guide_n neglect_v the_o judgement_n of_o polydorus_n with_o his_o hector_n next_o to_o the_o trinovante_n be_v the_o iceni_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v inhabit_v that_o region_n which_o make_v the_o five_o kingdom_n of_o german_n which_o be_v the_o east_n englisman_n and_o their_o city_n venta_n which_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v northwe●_n and_o i_o be_o privy_a also_o northwey_n that_o there_o be_v think_v to_o be_v other_o iceni_n in_o the_o west_n but_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o these_o iceni_n be_v put_v for_o tigeni_n of_o who_o i_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n englishmen_n comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o iceni_n but_o also_o cambridgshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n in_o old_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v grantcester_n caërgrawnt_v the_o englishman_n grantcester_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v high_a but_o now_o corrupt_o be_v common_o call_v cambridge_n cambridge_n and_o be_v a_o noble_a university_n wherein_o flourish_v all_o good_a learning_n willow_n not_o far_o of_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o wyllowe_n not_o of_o eel_n as_o some_o have_v write_v for_o helig_v

water_n either_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o aberconwy_n abertivi_fw-la abertawy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o conway_n tibius_n and_o tobius_n or_o into_o some_o great_a river_n as_o aber_n hodni_fw-la abergevenni_fw-la to_o say_v the_o fall_n of_o hodnus_fw-la and_o gevenus_fw-la into_o osca_n moreover_o we_o call_v mouth_n and_o entrance_n of_o river_n aber_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n more_o thereto_o as_o in_o carnaruanshyre_n between_o conovium_fw-la and_o banchorium_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v aber_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o aestus_fw-la do_v which_o be_v the_o rage_n fall_v or_o force_v of_o water_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o ptolomaeus_n above_o these_o be_v the_o damnij_n who_o chief_a city_n antoninus_n make_v vandagora_n to_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o valley_n ofdam_n whereby_o i_o conjecture_v that_o they_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v now_o westmerlandshyremen_n the_o selgovij_fw-la and_o otadeni_n in_o time_n westmoreland_n past_a inhabit_v cumberland_n at_o the_o very_a brim_n of_o the_o uallie_o stand_v a_o most_o ancient_a city_n ptolomeus_n call_v it_o lucopibia_n antoninus_n luguballia_n the_o britain_n and_o englishman_n term_v it_o caerloyl_v and_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o the_o novantes_fw-la not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n as_o malmsburiensis_n report_v there_o be_v a_o stone_n find_v with_o this_o inscription_n in_o token_n of_o marius_n victory_n which_o token_n of_o triumph_n i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v by_o meurigus_n who_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n have_v term_v more_o apt_o aruiragus_n othersome_a marius_n in_o token_n that_o the_o redshank_n be_v there_o vanquish_v rodericus_fw-la vanquish_v be_v their_o king_n which_o at_o that_o season_n as_o the_o saxon_n do_v exercise_v piracy_n in_o our_o sea_n until_o at_o length_n one_o part_n of_o they_o settle_v in_o albania_n and_o other_o in_o france_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o country_n together_o with_o gallovidia_fw-la so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cluda_n unto_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 870_o be_v in_o the_o britain_n possession_n at_o what_o time_n be_v by_o the_o scot_n dane_n and_o englishman_n disquiet_v with_o many_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o end_n their_o king_n constantinus_n slay_v at_o lochmaba_n in_o anandra_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v into_o wales_n to_o their_o countryman_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o english_a saxon_n forcible_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o conway_n and_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n which_o they_o possess_v and_o there_o appoint_v a_o kingdom_n which_o of_o the_o river_n cluda_n on_o who_o shore_n they_o dwell_v be_v of_o our_o countryman_n call_v struteluyd_v of_o marianus_n scotus_n corrupt_o streadiylead_v of_o the_o wallane_n they_o have_v many_o conflict_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v until_o at_o length_n their_o last_o king_n die_v at_o rome_n they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n this_o marianus_n the_o chief_a historiographer_n of_o his_o time_n one_o of_o late_a have_v cause_v to_o set_v forth_o in_o print_n be_v imperfect_a and_o lack_v the_o better_a part_n of_o set_a purpose_n as_o himself_o confess_v because_o of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n in_o like_a manner_n sleydan_n while_o he_o turn_v his_o abbridgement_n of_o frossard_n into_o latin_a be_v too_o too_o much_o partial_a to_o the_o frenchman_n either_o overpass_v with_o silence_n the_o most_o noble_a &_o valiant_a deed_n of_o the_o englishman_n or_o vari_v from_o his_o author_n report_v they_o otherwise_o then_o frossard_n have_v write_v wherefore_o i_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v of_o martial_a the_o poet_n very_o well_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o now_o thou_o do_v turn_v oh_o fidentine_n the_o book_n be_v i_o but_o when_o thou_o turn_v he_o ill_o then_o he_o begin_v for_o to_o be_v thou_o but_o this_o much_o by_o the_o way_n the_o last_o of_o the_o northumberlandshyreman_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o lhoëgr_n follow_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o lancashyre_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o who_o the_o river_n call_v of_o the_o englishman_n merssee_n divide_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n march._n of_o who_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n in_o england_n be_v so_o call_v it_o be_v soon_o prove_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n that_o these_o be_v call_v ordovici_fw-la in_o old_a time_n for_o the_o ordovici_fw-la say_v he_o lie_v more_o south-west_n than_o the_o brigant_n do_v since_o therefore_o that_o yorkeshyre_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o brigant_n in_o vain_a with_o boethius_n we_o seek_v they_o in_o scotland_n and_o much_o more_o in_o norfolk_n with_o polydorus_n wherefore_o renounce_v these_o fable_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o ordovici_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o lancas_n hyreman_n but_o also_o the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n and_o shrops_n hyreman_n be_v recompt_v of_o tacitus_n for_o a_o great_a city_n in_o this_o city_n place_n i_o call_v a_o city_n as_o caesar_n do_v a_o whole_a convent_n or_o kingdom_n for_o look_v how_o many_o city_n there_o be_v so_o many_o kyngedome_n in_o old_a time_n be_v in_o britain_n which_o several_o wage_a battle_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v all_o the_o soon_o overcummen_v among_o the_o city_n of_o these_o kingdom_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v mediolanun_n call_v now_o lancastre_n lancastre_n mancunium_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n be_v call_v manchestre_n their_o king_n in_o time_n past_a be_v cataracus_n manchester_n who_o fame_n be_v know_v above_o the_o sky_n who_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o continual_a year_n very_o much_o molest_v the_o roman_n with_o war_n at_o length_n be_v take_v by_o treason_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o lead_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n and_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n deserve_v no_o less_o praise_n for_o vanquishing_n cataracus_n then_o do_v scipio_n for_o syphax_n or_o lucius_n paulus_n for_o perses_n as_o tacitus_n write_v two_o most_o puissant_a king_n bring_v home_o in_o show_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o here_o can_v i_o not_o marvel_v enough_o what_o come_v in_o mind_n to_o that_o boëthius_n not_o the_o trojan_a but_o the_o scot_n for_o alas_o what_o one_o be_v he_o how_o far_o from_o that_o same_o hector_n sore_o he_o change_v be_v that_o in_o achilles_n spoil_n come_v home_o before_o impudent_o to_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o scot_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o world_n but_o if_o there_o be_v it_o be_v so_o enfold_v in_o darkness_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n or_o as_o haymo_n armenius_n write_v of_o a_o certain_a nation_n it_o have_v so_o blear_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o people_n and_o country_n that_o the_o scot_n be_v invisible_o conversant_a between_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n polydorus_n also_o write_v that_o he_o be_v king_n of_o the_o ordulacae_fw-la when_o neither_o tacitus_n nor_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o same_o but_o 12_o of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la and_o tacitus_n report_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la but_o also_o of_o the_o siluri_n which_o siluri_n dwell_v not_o in_o scotland_n siluri_n but_o in_o southwales_n as_o in_o another_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v prove_v more_o plain_o and_o i_o remember_v very_o well_o that_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o shrops_n hire_n with_o other_o about_o certain_a business_n of_o my_o lord_n the_o right_a honoble_a earl_n of_o arundel_n where_o some_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n lie_v i_o chance_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o view_n of_o a_o place_n exceed_o well_o fortify_a both_o by_o nature_n &_o art_n the_o situation_n whereof_o be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o triple_a ditch_n of_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v iij._o gate_n not_o direct_o but_o a_o shoshe_fw-mi the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o on_o three_o side_n steep_v headlong_o place_n and_o compass_v with_o two_o river_n on_o the_o lift_v hand_n with_o colun_n or_o clun_n on_o the_o right_n with_o themis_n which_o our_o countryman_n call_v tevidia_fw-la and_o accessible_a but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thereof_o these_o thing_n when_o i_o behold_v i_o understand_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o this_o place_n be_v call_v caër_fw-la caradoc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n caradoc_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o fierce_a battle_n fight_v there_o against_o a_o certain_a king_n call_v caradoc_n who_o at_o last_o be_v vanquish_v and_o take_v of_o his_o enemy_n for_o our_o countryman_n ca●_n not_o only_o wall_v city_n &_o town_n but_o also_o all_o manner_n place_n which_o be_v entrench_v and_o wall_v by_o the_o name_n caër_fw-la as_o i_o will_v prove_v afterward_o by_o

call_v it_o mur_n severus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v severus_n wall_n and_o in_o another_o place_n gual_n severus_fw-la severus_n valley_n at_o this_o day_n in_o this_o region_n stand_v edemburge_n edenburge_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n sometime_o build_v by_o eboracus_n king_n of_o britain_n call_v also_o castle_n mynyd_n agnes_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o castle_n of_o s._n agnes_n hill_n &_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o virgin_n the_o water_n there_o which_o be_v now_o call_v forthea_n be_v call_v the_o picticum_fw-la sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o scottish_a sea_n and_o thus_o far_o stretch_v the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n tacitus_n call_v the_o same_o bodotua_n howbeit_o polydorus_n so_o term_v the_o river_n levinus_n which_o out_o of_o the_o lake_n lomundus_fw-la flow_v into_o cluyda_n for_o say_v he_o glota_n and_o bodotua_n two_o diverse_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n run_v forth_o a_o great_a length_n be_v keep_v a_o sunder_o with_o a_o narrow_a piece_n of_o ground_n wherefore_o bodotua_n flow_v not_o into_o glota_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o river_n but_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o can_v be_v levinus_n by_o any_o mean_n beyond_o these_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n dwell_v the_o caledonij_n the_o most_o nobly_a nation_n of_o albania_n where_o now_o the_o inland_n scots_n inhabit_v at_o the_o east_n part_n be_v horestia_n now_o angusia_n fisa_n and_o mernia_n at_o the_o west_n be_v the_o epidij_fw-la and_o more_o towards_o the_o north_n the_o creoni_n and_o after_o these_o the_o canovaci_n where_o now_o lennosia_n &_o argadia_n and_o lorna_n be_v the_o carini_n possess_v loguhabria_n the_o logi_n strathnavernia_n and_o at_o the_o other_o sea_n coast_n the_o cauti_fw-la moravia_n and_o rossia_fw-la and_o the_o cornabij_n which_o be_v far_a of_o all_o inhabit_v sutherlandia_n and_o cathanisia_n and_o whereas_o boethius_n write_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n the_o moravi_n come_v by_o a_o whole_a navy_n into_o scotland_n it_o be_v most_o false_a as_z appeareth_z in_o history_n for_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o slavi_fw-la whereof_o the_o moravi_n take_v their_o beginning_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o world_n until_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n mauritius_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 600._o the_o marcomanni_n also_o and_o the_o quadi_n inhabit_v those_o place_n which_o afterward_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 900._o be_v under_o arnulphus_n begin_v by_o zuentebaldus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o slavi_n to_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o moravia_n beyond_o scotlan_n in_o the_o german_a ▪_o ocean_n be_v the_o island_n call_v orchades_n whereof_o the_o big_a be_v call_v pomonia_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o albania_n in_o the_o sea_n vergivium_fw-la which_o the_o britain_n call_v norweridh_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v the_o irish_a sea_n from_o whence_o i_o conjecture_v that_o the_o antique_a name_n vergivium_fw-la be_v derive_v lie_v the_o isle_n hebrides_n in_o number_a hebrides_n two_z and_o forty_o of_o other_o call_v euboniae_n euboniae_fw-la the_o i_o will_v of_o anglisea_n be_v none_o of_o these_o as_o i_o will_v show_v in_o another_o place_n and_o not_o far_o hence_o lie_v ireland_n a_o island_n irland_n also_o which_o our_o countryman_n call_v ywerdhon_n the_o inhabitant_n verni_n whereby_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o do_v far_o better_o which_o term_n it_o juernia_n as_o mela_n and_o juvenal_n in_o his_o second_o satire_n or_o jerna_n as_o claudianus_n and_o dionysius_n rather_o than_o hibernia_n now_o ireland_n the_o britain_n and_o scot_n do_v call_v the_o inhabitant_n by_o one_o name_n guyddhyl_n thus_o have_v ▪_o end_v the_o wales_n description_n of_o scotland_n with_o the_o island_n lie_v thereabout_o let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o wales_n the_o three_o part_n of_o britain_n the_o same_o be_v divide_v from_o lhoëgr_n that_o be_v england_n by_o the_o river_n severn_n &_o do_v you_o and_o on_o every_o other_o side_n be_v environ_v by_o the_o vergivium_fw-la or_o iris_n he_o ocean_n and_o it_o be_v call_v cambria_n as_o our_o chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o camber_n the_o three_o son_n of_o brutus_n like_v as_o lhoëgr_n of_o locrine_n and_o albania_n of_o albanactus_n cambria_n his_o other_o son_n also_o this_o same_o only_a with_o cornwall_n a_o most_o ancient_a country_n of_o britain_n enjoy_v as_o yet_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n the_o welshman_n use_v the_o british_a tongue_n and_o be_v the_o very_a true_a britain_n by_o birth_n and_o although_o some_o do_v write_v that_o wales_n do_v not_o stretch_v forth_o on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n vaga_n or_o weigh_v this_o can_v be_v no_o fraud_n to_o we_o for_o we_o have_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o describe_v cambria_n and_o not_o wallia_fw-la wales_n as_o it_o be_v now_o call_v by_o a_o new_a name_n and_o unacquainted_a to_o the_o welshman_n in_o north-wales_n the_o welshman_n keep_v their_o old_a bound_n but_o in_o southwales_n the_o englishman_n be_v come_v over_o severn_n and_o have_v possess_v all_o the_o land_n between_o it_o and_o weigh_a so_o that_o all_o herefordshyre_n &_o the_o forest_n of_o deane_n and_o glocestreshyre_n &_o a_o great_a part_n of_o worcestershyre_n &_o schreupshyre_n on_o this_o side_n severn_n be_v inhabit_v by_o englishman_n at_o this_o day_n these_o region_n with_o certain_a corner_n of_o fluitenshyre_n and_o denbyghshyre_n be_v sometime_o under_o the_o king_n of_o march._n and_o our_o countryman_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v call_v their_o near_a borderer_n gwyry_a mers_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o man_n of_o march._n for_o offa_n a_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o march_n the_o year_n of_o the_o incarnate_a word_n seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n towards_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n may_v the_o better_o be_v know_v cause_v a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n with_o a_o exceed_a high_a wall_n to_o be_v make_v from_o the_o water_n devanus_fw-la a_o little_a above_o the_o castle_n call_v filix_fw-la through_o ●ie_v hill_n and_o deep_a valley_n fen_n kocke_z cliff_n &_o river_n unto_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n weigh_v about_o a_o hundred_o mile_n long_o the_o same_o reserve_v the_o old_a name_n for_o of_o our_o countryman_n it_o be_v call_v clauddh_n offa_n that_o be_v to_o say_v offas_n ditch_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v of_o all_o throughout_o the_o whole_a coast_n and_o all_o the_o town_n and_o village_n almost_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n side_n thereof_o have_v their_o name_n end_n in_o these_o termination_n tun_n or_o ham_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o saxon_n sometime_o dwell_v there_o howbeit_o now_o the_o welshman_n in_o all_o place_n beyond_o that_o ditch_n towards_o ihoëgr_n have_v plant_v themselves_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o region_n be_v call_v in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n cymbri_n in_o which_o word_n the_o force_n of_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o letter_n b_o be_v scarce_o perceive_v in_o pronounce_v and_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a name_n and_o that_o cambria_n a_o region_n of_o england_n be_v thereof_o so_o call_v when_o i_o perceive_v that_o the_o cymbri_n cymbri_n which_o fight_v with_o the_o roman_n so_o many_o bloody_a battle_n be_v call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n that_o we_o be_v it_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n to_o inquire_v and_o search_v what_o good_a writer_n have_v think_v of_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o have_v read_v much_o thereof_o i_o find_v also_o very_o much_o whereby_o i_o be_o so_o persuade_v that_o i_o dare_v avouch_v that_o it_o be_v this_o our_o british_a nation_n first_o the_o name_n be_v all_o one_o with_o we_o than_o their_o tongue_n which_o be_v a_o very_a great_a argument_n for_o plinius_n in_o his_o 13._o four_o book_n and._n 13._o chapter_n say_v that_o philemon_n be_v of_o the_o cymbri_n call_v mori_n marussium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mare_fw-la mortuum_fw-la the_o dead_a sea_n unto_o the_o promontory_n rubeas_fw-la etc_n etc_n and_o our_o countryman_n call_v the_o dead_a sea_n in_o their_o tongue_n mor_fw-mi marw_n and_o as_o for_o these_o word_n neither_o the_o german_n neither_o the_o danes_n neither_o suenones_n neither_o the_o slavi_fw-la neither_o the_o lithuani_n nor_o the_o lyvone_n do_v understand_v they_o wherefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cymbri_n be_v none_o of_o these_o nation_n but_o our_o cymbri_n do_v speak_v so_o wherefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o tongue_n moreover_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o marius_n affirm_v that_o they_o depart_v out_o of_o a_o far_a country_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v whence_o they_o come_v nor_o whether_o they_o go_v but_o the_o like_o cloud_n they_o issue_v into_o france_n and_o italy_n with_o the_o almain_n whereupon_o the_o roman_n suppose_v that_o they_o have_v be_v

know_v not_o only_o to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o tegenia_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a shire_n after_o the_o description_n of_o gwynedh_n powisia_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o powy_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o german_a altisiodorensis_n which_o preach_v sometime_o there_o against_o pelagius_n heresy_n be_v of_o power_n â–ª_o as_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o his_o life_n the_o king_n whereof_o as_o be_v there_o read_v because_o he_o refuse_v â–ª_o to_o hear_v that_o good_a man_n by_o the_o secret_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n of_o god_n with_o his_o palace_n and_o all_o his_o household_n be_v swallow_v up_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o place_n whereas_o not_o far_o from_o oswastry_n be_v now_o a_o stand_v water_n of_o a_o unknown_a depth_n call_v lhunclys_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o devour_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o there_o be_v many_o church_n find_v in_o the_o fame_n province_n dedicate_v to_o the_o name_n of_o german_a the_o city_n of_o schreusbury_n in_o old_a time_n be_v the_o prince_n seat_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o when_o the_o englishman_n have_v take_v it_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o mathraval_a a_o place_n five_o mile_n from_o pole_n of_o powy_n this_o region_n have_v on_o the_o northside_n gwynedh_n on_o the_o east_n from_o chestre_n unto_o herford_n england_n on_o the_o south_n &_o west_n the_o river_n wey_n and_o very_o high_a hill_n whereby_o it_o be_v disjoin_v from_o southwales_n and_o because_o the_o land_n be_v plain_a and_o near_o to_o england_n and_o much_o vex_v with_o continual_a war_n by_o englishman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o norman_n this_o part_n of_o wales_n do_v first_o experiment_n the_o yoke_n of_o english_a subjection_n which_o brood_v stout_a man_n and_o such_o who_o nature_n can_v not_o abide_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o give_v to_o murder_n and_o excursion_n not_o only_o procure_v infinite_a trouble_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o wrought_v also_o great_a injury_n unto_o their_o neighbour_n the_o welshman_n but_o afterward_o be_v part_v between_o two_o brother_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n it_o begin_v to_o wax_v weak_a and_o the_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o northside_n of_o tanat_n murnia_n and_o severn_v befall_v unto_o madoc_n whereof_o it_o be_v call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o other_o part_n come_v both_o in_o name_n and_o possession_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o first_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n for_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o come_v into_o the_o power_n and_o right_a of_o the_o conqueror_n the_o first_o region_n thereof_o mailor_n be_v divide_v into_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi namely_o the_o saxon_a and_o welsh_a whereof_o the_o first_o appertain_v unto_o flyntshyre_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o denbyghshyre_n in_o the_o which_o stand_v the_o castle_n of_o lion_n lion._n now_o common_o call_v holt._n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v see_v the_o rubbish_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o most_o notable_a and_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n while_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o britain_n flourish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v two_o thousand_o &_o one_o hundred_o monk_n very_o well_o order_v &_o learned_a and_o divide_v into_o seven_o sort_n daily_o serve_v god_n among_o who_o those_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o unlearned_a by_o their_o handy_a labour_n provide_v meat_n and_o drink_v and_o apparel_n for_o the_o learned_a and_o such_o as_o apply_v their_o study_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v remain_v they_o divide_v it_o unto_o the_o poor_a that_o place_n have_v send_v forth_o many_o hundred_o of_o excellent_o well_o learned_a man_n amongst_o who_o it_o have_v also_o vomit_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n the_o most_o detestable_a archeheretick_n pelagius_n and_o afterward_o through_o pelagius_n the_o envy_n and_o malice_n of_o augustine_n not_o the_o bishop_n of_o hippo_n but_o the_o most_o arrogant_a monk_n and_o the_o most_o cruel_a execution_n of_o his_o minister_fw-fr 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