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kingdom_n king_n part_n province_n 1,867 5 7.6482 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A62332 The history of Lapland wherein are shewed the original, manners, habits, marriages, conjurations, &c. of that people / written by John Scheffer ...; Lapponia. English Scheffer, Johannes, 1621-1679. 1674 (1674) Wing S851; ESTC R8773 138,000 147

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advancement_n of_o christianity_n in_o lapland_n but_o as_o all_o thing_n in_o their_o beginning_n find_v some_o opposition_n so_o do_v the_o preach_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n here_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o maintain_v a_o school_n without_o the_o confine_n of_o lapland_n to_o which_o the_o youth_n of_o that_o nation_n shall_v resort_v therefore_o in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o be_v advise_v by_o that_o famous_a man_n joannes_n skytte_n free_a baron_n of_o duderhoff_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o to_o his_o immortal_a praise_n obtain_v that_o a_o school_n may_v be_v erect_v by_o the_o king_n in_o lapland_n itself_o in_o the_o province_n of_o vma_n near_o the_o church_n lyksala_n from_o whence_o the_o school_n take_v its_o name_n this_o be_v the_o second_o school_n the_o laplander_n have_v and_o by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n then_o engage_v in_o a_o tedious_a war_n in_o germany_n the_o charge_n of_o it_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a joannes_n skytte_n by_o a_o royal_a charter_n and_o settle_v upon_o his_o family_n for_o ever_o allow_v the_o schoolmaster_n the_o whole_a tithe_n after_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n deduct_v but_o still_o retain_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o superintendency_n of_o the_o benefaction_n the_o form_n thereof_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o gustavus_n adolphus_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n etc._n etc._n declare_v that_o although_o our_o dear_a father_n charles_n of_o bless_a memory_n as_o likewise_o we_o ourselves_o after_o we_o be_v by_o the_o divine_a providence_n place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v earnest_o endeavour_v that_o our_o northern_a subject_n call_v laplander_n shall_v be_v instruct_v in_o art_n and_o letter_n and_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o ground_n of_o christian_a religion_n yet_o the_o distraction_n of_o the_o present_a time_n have_v hitherto_o hinder_v our_o religious_a purpose_n but_o lest_o our_o attemt_a shall_v be_v utter_o frustrate_v we_o ordain_v and_o appoint_v our_o faithful_a senator_n chief_z governor_z of_o livonia_n ingria_n and_o carelia_n the_o illustrious_a lord_n john_n skytt_n l._n b._n in_o dunderhoff_n governor_n and_o visitor_n of_o a_o school_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o umalappmark_n he_o have_v undertake_v that_o charge_n we_o far_o ordain_v that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a school_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n continue_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o successor_n in_o his_o family_n and_o that_o the_o master_n and_o scholar_n in_o the_o school_n aforesaid_a may_v have_v a_o constant_a maintenance_n we_o grant_v unto_o they_o the_o tithe_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o division_n do_v yearly_o bring_v into_o the_o storehouse_n of_o uma_n after_o the_o ordinary_a payment_n be_v deduct_v these_o tithe_n with_o other_o gift_n and_o benefaction_n which_o the_o aforesaid_a lord_n john_n skitt_n shall_v by_o his_o diligence_n acquire_v for_o the_o say_v charitable_a use_n shall_v be_v dispose_v by_o he_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o say_a school_n reserve_v to_o ourselves_o and_o successor_n the_o supreme_a regulation_n of_o the_o same_o in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v set_v our_o hand_n and_o seal_n give_v in_o old_a stetin_n in_o pomerland_n june_n 20._o ann._n 1631._o this_o school_n have_v some_o peculiar_a advantage_n over_o other_o because_o its_o setlement_n be_v firm_o establish_v have_v for_o its_o visitor_n not_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o parish_n but_o a_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o here_o be_v not_o only_o a_o salary_n allow_v to_o the_o master_n and_o scholar_n but_o also_o a_o order_n to_o receive_v it_o out_o of_o the_o tithe_n of_o vma_n whereas_o the_o other_o have_v indeed_o a_o set_a stipend_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o certain_o decree_v where_o they_o shall_v receive_v it_o it_o be_v not_o due_o pay_v as_o the_o time_n and_o their_o necessity_n require_v which_o be_v no_o small_a disadvantage_n and_o impediment_n to_o their_o design_n but_o all_o inconvenience_n be_v here_o remedy_v and_o the_o salary_n most_o firm_o settle_v and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o full_a authority_n grant_v unto_o the_o illustrious_a lord_n john_n skytte_n to_o find_v out_o and_o confirm_v any_o other_o mean_n which_o may_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o good_a of_o that_o foundation_n neither_o be_v that_o eminent_a man_n want_v out_o of_o his_o singular_a piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n of_o learning_n to_o make_v this_o his_o whole_a business_n till_o at_o last_o he_o gather_v a_o sum_n of_o five_o thousand_o dollar_n partly_o through_o his_o own_o and_o partly_o through_o his_o friend_n liberality_n which_o he_o deliver_v to_o the_o queen_n christina_n for_o the_o use_n of_o a_o copper_n i_o that_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o school_n of_o vma_n may_v yearly_o receive_v the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n due_a from_o certain_a town_n in_o that_o province_n this_o request_n of_o his_o the_o queen_n easy_o grant_v and_o two_o year_n after_o issue_v out_o her_o letter_n patent_n and_o a_o new_a charter_n by_o the_o protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o worthy_a commemoration_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v as_o follow_v we_o christina_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n queen_n elect_v and_o hereditary_a princess_n of_o the_o swede_n goth_n and_o vandal_n queen_n of_o finland_n esthonia_n carelia_n and_o ingria_n do_v declare_v that_o whereas_o our_o dear_o belove_a father_n sometime_o king_n of_o swedland_n do_v out_o of_o his_o singular_a zeal_n and_o religious_a affection_n for_o the_o promote_a of_o the_o church_n of_o god_n especial_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n institute_v a_o laplandish_a school_n in_o the_o province_n of_o uma_n and_o do_v constitute_v our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a senator_n the_o illustrious_a lord_n john_n skytte_n senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n precedent_n of_o our_o royal_a council_n in_o gothland_n chancellor_n of_o our_o university_n of_o upsal_n high_a commissioner_n of_o south-finland_n free_a baron_n of_o duderhoff_n lord_n of_o graensia_n straemfrum_n and_o skytteholm_n knight_n to_o be_v superviser_n of_o this_o work_n settle_v the_o same_o power_n upon_o his_o posterity_n after_o his_o decease_n and_o bountiful_o allow_v to_o this_o design_n out_o of_o the_o store_v of_o uma_n the_o yearly_a tithe_n due_a to_o the_o crown_n we_o therefore_o by_o virtue_n of_o these_o letter_n patent_n to_o not_o only_o confirm_v that_o wholesome_a constitution_n of_o our_o pious_a father_n decease_v but_o do_v also_o certify_v that_o the_o illustrius_fw-la lord_n john_n skytte_n have_v bring_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o 5000_o dollar_n of_o silver_n give_v by_o himself_o and_o his_o pious_a friend_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o laplandish_a school_n which_o entire_a sum_n he_o have_v pay_v to_o the_o copper-company_n humble_o entreat_v that_o the_o say_a sum_n may_v remain_v in_o that_o company_n to_o we_o and_o our_o crown_n and_o that_o we_o for_o the_o yearly_a interest_n of_o the_o say_a money_n allow_v 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v give_v to_o the_o laplandish_a school_n the_o use_n of_o certain_a village_n in_o norlands_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o may_v pay_v their_o tax_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a school_n which_o we_o gracious_o approve_v do_v give_v as_o a_o security_n the_o benefit_n and_o profit_n of_o these_o follow_a village_n belong_v to_o we_o and_o our_o crown_n in_o the_o province_n of_o uma_n and_o west_n bothnia_n roebeck_n 12_o farm_n ⅝_n staeksive_a 2._o 3_o 16._o clabbiler_n 3._o 9_o 16._o baggaboelet_n 2._o 27_o 32._o kuddis_fw-la 2._o 5_o 16._o braeneland_n 2._o 11_o 16._o these_o farm_n shall_v yearly_o pay_v to_o the_o laplandish_a school_n all_o their_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a tax_n which_o be_v hitherto_o impose_v which_o their_o inhabitant_n be_v hereby_o command_v to_o do_v without_o intermission_n during_o the_o time_n that_o we_o retain_v the_o aforesaid_a sum_n of_o 5000_o dollar_n pay_v to_o the_o copper-company_n until_o we_o shall_v have_v restore_v the_o sum_n entire_a to_o the_o laplandish_a school_n wherefore_o we_o command_v our_o officer_n and_o all_o who_o it_o may_v concern_v that_o they_o subtract_v not_o from_o the_o say_a school_n the_o aforesaid_a sum_n give_v in_o security_n before_o such_o time_n as_o the_o money_n may_v be_v restore_v and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o offer_v nor_o suffer_v to_o be_v offer_v any_o injury_n or_o prejudice_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a school_n contrary_a to_o this_o our_o edict_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o we_o and_o the_o kingdom_n protector_n and_o administrator_n have_v hereto_o set_v their_o hand_n and_o seal_v it_o with_o the_o royal_a seal_n date_v at_o stockholm_n novemb_n 5._o 1634._o the_o person_n that_o subscribe_v be_v gabriel_n oxenstern_n gustavi_fw-la f._n r._n drotsetus_n jacobus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardie_n high_a
this_o complaint_n be_v make_v to_o gustavus_n who_o thereupon_o commit_v henricus_fw-la laurentii_fw-la to_o prison_n and_o confiscate_v most_o of_o his_o estate_n take_v then_o the_o tribute_n from_o the_o laplander_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o grant_v to_o all_o people_n free_a trade_n with_o they_o this_o henricus_fw-la laurentii_fw-la be_v without_o doubt_n in_o that_o time_n the_o head_n of_o the_o birkarli_n and_o i_o believe_v the_o brother_n of_o david_n laurentii_fw-la who_o together_o with_o ionas_n nicolas_n conclude_v the_o treaty_n with_o gustavus_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o birkarli_n in_o the_o year_n 1528_o for_o settle_v the_o tribute_n and_o other_o affair_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v they_o lose_v their_o privilege_n not_o long_o after_o this_o contract_n now_o it_o be_v not_o only_o just_a to_o deprive_v they_o of_o those_o privilege_n which_o they_o abuse_v in_o oppress_v other_o but_o prudent_a as_o well_o from_o the_o jealousy_n of_o too_o great_a a_o power_n grant_v to_o private_a person_n over_o so_o large_a and_o populous_a a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o out_o of_o consideration_n of_o its_o wealth_n which_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o the_o king_n for_o drive_v out_o the_o common_a enemy_n one_fw-mi establish_v the_o kingdom_n liberty_n then_o to_o maintain_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o birkarli_n who_o beside_o their_o injustice_n be_v inconsiderable_a both_o in_o number_n and_o strength_n gustavus_n the_o first_o have_v thus_o depose_v the_o birkarli_n send_v deputy_n to_o gather_v the_o tribute_n and_o manage_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o king_n name_n the_o deputy_n be_v call_v by_o the_o swede_n lappfougder_n by_o the_o laplander_n konunga_n olmai_n that_o be_v the_o king_n man_n of_o these_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v in_o the_o patent_n grant_v by_o gustavus_n the_o first_o to_o mr_n michael_n the_o first_o priest_n in_o lapland_n in_o 1559_o the_o word_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n we_o command_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o lapland_n as_o well_o deputy_n as_o other_o etc._n etc._n these_o have_v at_o first_o the_o charge_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n as_o for_o collect_v tax_n as_o execute_v justice_n among_o they_o but_o afterward_o when_o charles_n the_o nine_o divide_v the_o country_n into_o several_a part_n and_o form_v it_o into_o better_a order_n more_o be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a for_o examine_v cause_n convict_v of_o criminal_o and_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n till_o at_o last_o the_o state_n of_o government_n be_v little_a different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o next_o under_o the_o king_n they_o have_v a_o provincial_a judge_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n lagman_n under_o he_o one_o of_o the_o senator_n vnderlagman_n next_o a_o interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n laglaesaren_n and_o divers_a other_o which_o inquire_v into_o cause_n and_o do_v justice_n then_o they_o have_v a_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n landzhoefdingh_n a_o head_n over_o the_o laplander_n lappafougten_o their_o officer_n who_o perform_v all_o other_o duty_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o laplander_n be_v now_o govern_v by_o the_o swede_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o judicature_n and_o tribute_n of_o the_o laplander_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o government_n and_o the_o discipline_n they_o live_v under_o we_o descend_v to_o those_o affair_n that_o be_v manage_v by_o it_o which_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n or_o to_o the_o tribute_n i_o can_v scarce_o find_v any_o mention_n of_o the_o former_a their_o own_o king_n when_o they_o be_v a_o free_a nation_n exercise_v this_o authority_n and_o keep_v the_o jurisdiction_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n but_o when_o the_o birkarli_n rule_v they_o it_o depend_v altogether_o on_o their_o pleasure_n zeigler_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o judge_n among_o they_o but_o say_v that_o if_o any_o dispute_v happen_v that_o be_v dubious_a it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o court_n in_o swedland_n i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o more_o weighty_a controversy_n which_o the_o birkarli_n can_v not_o or_o do_v not_o dare_v to_o decide_v but_o these_o be_v very_o rare_a with_o they_o for_o great_a crime_n as_o theft_n rapine_n murder_n adultery_n or_o such_o like_a be_v seldom_o commit_v and_o scarce_o know_v by_o the_o laplander_n they_o neither_o borrow_v nor_o lend_v money_n be_v content_a with_o what_o they_o possess_v of_o their_o own_o which_o be_v common_o the_o occasion_n of_o quarrel_n in_o other_o nation_n and_o maintain_v so_o many_o lawyer_n the_o chief_a sin_n they_o be_v guilty_a of_o be_v their_o magical_a superstition_n which_o since_o their_o embrace_a christianity_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n and_o be_v not_o so_o frequent_a as_o former_o after_o that_o gustavus_n the_o first_o have_v depose_v the_o birkarli_n and_o give_v they_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o they_o live_v under_o better_a discipline_n and_o great_a diligence_n be_v use_v in_o see_v justice_n do_v but_o charles_n the_o nine_o be_v the_o first_o that_o take_v care_n to_o have_v they_o instruct_v in_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v regulate_v themselves_o according_o this_o charge_n be_v give_v by_o the_o same_o king_n in_o his_o instruction_n to_o laurentius_n laurentii_fw-la governor_n of_o lapland_n date_v from_o stockholm_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o oct._n 1610_o wherein_o he_o command_v he_o to_o govern_v those_o of_o vma_n pitha_n and_o luhla_n according_a to_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o to_o protect_v they_o from_o all_o injury_n there_o be_v at_o present_a in_o lapland_n three_o governor_n and_o as_o many_o court_n of_o judicature_n the_o first_o be_v call_v anundsioeense_n or_o angermansian_a the_o other_o vhmensian_a pithensian_a and_o luhlensian_a the_o other_o be_v the_o tornensian_a and_o kiemensian_n over_o these_o be_v particular_a governor_n who_o in_o the_o king_n name_n pass_v sentence_n but_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o a_o priest_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o they_o add_v priest_n to_o the_o governor_n to_o restrain_v they_o from_o do_v injustice_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o presence_n now_o as_o to_o the_o time_n when_o these_o court_n be_v call_v it_o be_v a_o doubt_n but_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v at_o the_o fair_a time_n when_o they_o meet_v about_o all_o public_a business_n this_o be_v common_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n viz._n in_o winter_n and_o summer_n according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o charles_n the_o ninth_n it_o be_v now_o in_o january_n and_o february_n they_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o keep_v their_o market_n and_o fair_n which_o be_v determine_v in_o each_o particular_a county_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o tribute_n they_o pay_v which_o at_o first_o be_v only_a skin_n of_o beast_n pay_v not_o by_o the_o laplander_n but_o the_o birkarli_n yet_o only_o as_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n buraeus_fw-la call_v it_o naogra_fw-la timber_n graoskin_n graoskin_n signify_v gray_a squirrel_n skin_n of_o which_o colour_n the_o squirrel_n be_v constant_o in_o the_o winter_n timber_n denote_v the_o number_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o be_v forty_o tie_v together_o in_o a_o bundle_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o many_o of_o these_o bundle_v the_o birkarli_n give_v but_o in_o the_o contract_n with_o gustavus_n the_o first_o those_o of_o luhla_n and_o pitha_n be_v engage_v to_o pay_v 8_o which_o make_v in_o all_o 360_o skin_n beside_o two_o martin_n skin_n those_o also_o of_o tear_v be_v tax_v with_o the_o same_o number_n and_o short_o after_o this_o number_n be_v double_v by_o a_o agreement_n make_v in_o 1528._o but_o after_o the_o birkarli_n have_v lose_v their_o privilege_n for_o the_o forementioned_a reason_n and_o the_o king_n receive_v the_o tax_n by_o commissioner_n for_o himself_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a some_o more_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n 1602_o they_o pay_v instead_o of_o skin_n every_o ten_o rain-deer_n and_o one_o ten_o of_o all_o their_o dry_a fish_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o command_v give_v by_o charles_n tc-his_a deputy_n olaus_n burman_n and_o henry_n benegtson_n at_o stockholm_n on_o the_o 22_o of_o july_n in_o the_o same_o year_n to_o require_v the_o tribute_n in_o this_o manner_n that_o so_o the_o laplander_n may_v know_v what_o and_o how_o much_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o it_o seem_v that_o from_o gustavus_n the_o first_o be_v time_n till_o then_o the_o governor_n use_v no_o constant_a method_n in_o raise_v it_o but_o sometime_o demand_v skin_n at_o other_o time_n other_o sort_n of_o good_n that_o seem_v most_o necessary_a for_o present_a use_n so_o that_o by_o this_o uncertainty_n the_o tribute_n grow_v very_o heavy_a upon_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o governor_n take_v occasion_n from_o it_o to_o exact_v what_o they_o please_v