brevity_n and_o withal_o perspicuity_n as_o possible_o i_o can_v and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o it_o be_v thss_n obj._n i._n if_o the_o will_n of_o man_n can_v wish_v for_o annihilation_n as_o the_o more_o eligible_a than_o it_o will_v do_v it_o either_o as_o a_o natural_a appetite_n or_o as_o a_o deliberative_a faculty_n but_o not_o as_o the_o former_a because_o a_o natural_a appetite_n be_v unchangeable_o and_o natural_o bend_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o its_o self_n therefore_o it_o can_v wish_v for_o annihilation_n which_o shall_v necessary_o destroy_v it_o neither_o can_v it_o do_v it_o as_o a_o deliberative_a faculty_n because_o whatever_o a_o man_n wish_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v obtain_v his_o wish_n he_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o before_o but_o when_o a_o man_n have_v obtain_v his_o wish_n of_o annihilation_n he_o be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n than_o before_o for_o by_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o not_o only_o acquire_v no_o new_a bonity_n but_o likewise_o lose_v what_o he_o have_v before_o therefore_o none_o can_v reasonable_o account_v annihilation_n more_o eligible_a than_o eternal_a torment_a punishment_n answ_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o say_v 1._o that_o the_o will_n as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a faculty_n or_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o towards_o its_o object_n by_o a_o innate_a appetite_n can_v wish_v for_o annihilation_n for_o the_o reason_n specify_v in_o the_o objection_n and_o this_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o francis_n de_fw-fr mayron_n in_o 4_o do_v 5â—_n q._n 1._o although_o he_o be_v in_o this_o matter_n of_o a_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o durandus_fw-la but_o the_o will_v as_o a_o deliberative_a faculty_n may_v very_o reasonable_o choose_v annihilation_n and_o as_o to_o what_o be_v allege_v to_o the_o contrary_n viz._n that_o a_o man_n when_o annihilate_v be_v no_o better_a than_o he_o be_v before_o therefore_o he_o can_v deliberate_o wish_v for_o annihilation_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o annihilate_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o better_a state_n than_o before_o two_o way_n and_o that_o 1._o absolute_o and_o while_o consider_v annihilation_n abstract_o in_o itself_o as_o if_o by_o annihilation_n he_o acquire_v some_o positive_a adventitious_a good_a which_o he_o have_v not_o before_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o confess_v the_o state_n of_o annihilation_n can_v be_v call_v better_a than_o that_o of_o damnation_n because_o by_o annihilation_n the_o creature_n be_v so_o far_o from_o purchase_v to_o its_o self_n any_o new_a positive_a good_a that_o it_o rather_o lose_v what_o it_o have_v before_o 2._o comparative_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o state_n be_v best_a which_o be_v follow_v with_o the_o least_o evil_a though_o it_o procure_v no_o new_a good_a as_o i_o suppose_v a_o man_n torment_v with_o the_o evil_n of_o exquisite_a torture_a pain_n if_o one_o or_o two_o degree_n of_o that_o evil_n be_v detract_v the_o man_n will_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o former_o not_o absolute_o as_o if_o he_o gain_v any_o new_a positive_a good_a which_o he_o have_v not_o before_o but_o comparative_o his_o evil_a be_v diminish_v from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o so_o we_o call_v a_o feather_n light_a than_o iron_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a while_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v any_o absolute_a positive_a levity_n in_o themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o assert_v that_o the_o creature_n when_o annihilate_v be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o in_o the_o state_n of_o damnation_n not_o absolute_o as_o if_o any_o positive_a good_a be_v superad_v by_o annihilation_n but_o comparative_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o evil_n for_o the_o annihilate_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o evil_a at_o all_o neither_o can_v he_o possible_o be_v whereas_o the_o damn_a be_v afflict_v with_o punishment_n in_o some_o measure_n infinite_a ut_fw-la suprâ_fw-la dictum_fw-la obj._n ii_o durandus_fw-la urge_v in_o the_o second_o place_n thus_o that_o which_o destroy_v the_o great_a good_a be_v the_o great_a evil_n but_o annihilation_n destroy_v the_o great_a good_a for_o it_o destroy_v both_o the_o good_a of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bene_fw-la esse_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d esse_fw-la whereas_o the_o great_a extremity_n of_o misery_n destroy_v only_o the_o good_a of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bene_fw-la esse_fw-la but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o impair_v the_o good_a of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d esse_fw-la ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n beside_o every_o thing_n that_o bereave_v the_o creature_n though_o of_o the_o least_o good_a must_v be_v evil_a and_o that_o which_o destroy_v the_o great_a good_a must_v be_v the_o great_a evil_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v so_o in_o the_o superlative_a degree_n likewise_o that_o which_o destroy_v the_o great_a good_a must_v be_v the_o great_a evil_n but_o annihilation_n destroy_v the_o great_a good_a therefore_o it_o be_v the_o great_a evil_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o worse_a than_o damnation_n since_o a_o evil_n great_a than_o the_o great_a be_v a_o palpable_a contradiction_n answ_n this_o argument_n be_v the_o only_a achillaeum_fw-la telum_fw-la that_o durandus_fw-la lay_v his_o whole_a force_n upon_o as_o be_v a_o infallible_a demonstration_n of_o his_o thesis_n this_o he_o look_v upon_o as_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o though_o ajax_n be_v stout_a yet_o we_o know_v he_o be_v not_o endow_v with_o the_o great_a wisdom_n and_o though_o achilles_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a magnanimity_n and_o courage_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d both_o the_o former_a and_o the_o latter_a be_v oblige_v to_o succumb_v when_o their_o fatal_a hour_n be_v come_v the_o same_o apprehension_n i_o have_v of_o this_o argument_n viz._n that_o if_o it_o be_v canvas_v to_o the_o bottom_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v but_o a_o weak_a and_o totter_a foundation_n for_o he_o to_o build_v his_o opinion_n upon_o and_o that_o this_o may_v more_o full_o appear_v i_o answer_v that_o that_o be_v the_o great_a evil_n which_o destroy_v the_o great_a good_a upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o subject_n be_v still_o in_o be_v but_o if_o the_o subject_n be_v likewise_o destroy_v it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n that_o it_o be_v none_o at_o all_o a_o this_o be_v very_o evident_a and_o found_v upon_o solid_a reason_n for_o since_o all_o evil_n be_v a_o privation_n it_o must_v necessary_o have_v some_o foundation_n or_o subject_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o privation_n and_o this_o must_v be_v a_o positive_a real_o existent_a subject_n for_o good_a and_o evil_n be_v circa_fw-la idem_fw-la subjectum_fw-la as_o all_o privative_n be_v with_o their_o respective_a opposite_n but_o good_a can_v be_v lodge_v any_o where_o but_o in_o a_o real_a entity_n it_o be_v the_o inseparable_a propriety_n of_o it_o therefore_o neither_o can_v evil_o be_v competent_a to_o any_o but_o a_o real_a entity_n 2._o every_o evil_n be_v evil_a to_o some_o body_n or_o other_o but_o when_o peter_n be_v annihilate_v there_o be_v nothing_o unto_o which_o annihilation_n shall_v be_v evil_a and_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o evil_a at_o all_o 3._o evil_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o some_o due_a perfection_n at_o that_o very_o same_o time_n that_o it_o be_v due_a but_o at_o that_o time_n that_o peter_n be_v annihilate_v there_o be_v no_o perfection_n due_a to_o he_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n no_o evil_a can_v be_v competent_a to_o peter_n viz._n when_o annihilate_v so_o that_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o whatever_o destroy_v good_a be_v evil_a and_o whatever_o destroy_v the_o great_a good_a be_v the_o great_a evil_n and_o so_o forth_o as_o long_o as_o the_o subject_n remain_v but_o not_o if_o the_o subject_n itself_o be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o capreol_n in_o 2._o d._n 34._o p._n 1._o and_o bass_n ibid._n assert_v that_o the_o essence_n of_o plato_n v._o gr_n have_v not_o any_o evil_n for_o its_o opposite_a and_o for_o this_o cause_n annihilation_n can_v be_v evil_a unto_o he_o and_o this_o i_o shall_v further_o illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o as_o to_o use_v the_o comparison_n of_o ariminensis_n in_o 2._o do_v 34_o we_o know_v that_o tardè_fw-la tardiùs_fw-la tardissimè_fw-la do_v still_o presuppose_v a_o motion_n which_o be_v tardus_fw-la tardior_fw-la tardissimus_fw-la i_o can_v say_v that_o one_o thing_n be_v slow_a than_o another_o unless_o i_o suppose_v they_o both_o to_o be_v move_v no_o more_o can_v i_o call_v one_o evil_n great_a than_o another_o unless_o i_o presuppose_v something_o to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a of_o great_a evil_n for_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o one_o who_o take_v up_o a_o great_a while_n in_o pass_v over_o a_o
the_o damn_a possess_v and_o this_o will_v seem_v very_o plausible_a if_o not_o infallible_o true_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o follow_v reason_n reason_n i._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n must_v be_v the_o better_a and_o in_o conformity_n to_o right_a reason_n more_o eligible_a in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o liableness_n to_o the_o wrath_n and_o anger_n of_o god_n than_o that_o which_o be_v inevitable_o follow_v with_o the_o everlasting_a wrath_n and_o displeasure_n of_o the_o almighty_a for_o ever_o abide_v upon_o those_o who_o be_v place_v in_o it_o but_o he_o who_o be_v annihilate_v can_v be_v the_o object_n of_o god_n s_o wrath_n since_o it_o can_v display_v itself_o upon_o a_o non_fw-fr entity_n whereas_o the_o divine_a wrath_n do_v for_o ever_o abide_v upon_o those_o who_o be_v eternal_o torment_v therefore_o annihilation_n be_v preferable_a to_o damnation_n this_o proposition_n will_v appear_v yet_o more_o evident_a if_o we_o remember_v that_o as_o god_n love_n and_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o he_o the_o necessary_a consequent_a of_o the_o former_a be_v the_o great_a good_a that_o a_o creature_n be_v capable_a of_o so_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o the_o want_n of_o that_o fruition_n be_v the_o great_a evil_n that_o a_o rational_a creature_n can_v be_v affect_v withal_o wherefore_o i_o form_n my_o argument_n thus_o if_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o the_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o he_o which_o necessary_o follow_v on_o the_o former_a be_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o evil_n that_o a_o creature_n can_v be_v obnoxious_a unto_o than_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o eternal_a wrath_n of_o god_n for_o there_o be_v no_o good_a that_o the_o creature_n thus_o circumstantiate_v can_v possess_v which_o shall_v be_v equivalent_a to_o this_o evil_a since_o the_o chief_a good_a which_o only_o can_v counterpoise_v the_o great_a evil_n be_v incompatible_a with_o the_o high_a evil_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n since_o therefore_o the_o damn_a be_v in_o perpetual_a subjection_n to_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o consequent_o arrive_v at_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o misery_n and_o since_o what_o goâ—d_v they_o in_o this_o condition_n enjoy_v be_v mix_v with_o so_o much_o evil_n that_o it_o can_v be_v the_o chief_a good_a it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v and_o free_v from_o that_o great_a evil_n than_o to_o be_v eteâ—naly_o damn_v and_o endure_v that_o extreâ—itâ—_n oâ—_n misery_n though_o accompany_v with_o a_o small_a and_o far_o less_o considerable_a good_a reason_n ii_o that_o state_n or_o condition_n whiâ—h_o be_v sinless_a be_v more_o reasonable_o to_o be_v choose_v than_o that_o in_o which_o the_o creature_n be_v still_o spiteful_o blaspheme_v against_o god_n and_o malicious_o hate_v he_o but_o he_o who_o be_v annihilate_v sin_v not_o neither_o indeed_o can_v he_o since_o he_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o law_n as_o be_v a_o nâ—n_n ens_fw-la for_o the_o law_n be_v obligatory_a upon_o none_o but_o such_o as_o be_v rational_a creature_n and_o he_o who_o be_v annihilate_v be_v not_o of_o that_o nature_n wherefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o sin_n whereas_o the_o damn_a who_o undergo_v the_o eternal_a punishment_n be_v still_o sin_v against_o god_n in_o a_o hideous_a manner_n as_o aquarius_n do_v express_o prove_v out_o of_o aquinas_n in_o addit_fw-la ad_fw-la capreol_n in_o 4._o do_v 50._o &_o bassol_n ibid._n q._n 1._o &_o bonav_n art_n 1._o q._n 1_o 2._o and_o several_a other_o durandus_fw-la in_o 4._o do_v â—6_n q._n 5._o prove_v plain_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o sin_n and_o anselm_n lib._n â—ur_n deus_fw-la homo_fw-la debemus_fw-la potius_fw-la uâ—lle_fw-la mundum_fw-la uniâ—ersum_fw-la annihilari_fw-la quam_fw-la aliquid_fw-la â—â—eri_fw-la contra_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la dei_fw-la we_o shall_v rather_o wish_v that_o the_o whole_a universe_n be_v annihilate_v than_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n doubt_n there_o be_v only_o one_o scruple_n against_o this_o proposition_n which_o deserve_v our_o consideration_n and_o it_o be_v this_o if_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o be_v damn_v because_o the_o annihilate_v be_v free_a from_o sin_v against_o god_n and_o the_o damn_a be_v not_o then_o for_o the_o same_o reâ—son_n it_o shall_v be_v more_o eligible_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o live_v here_o in_o this_o world_n since_o the_o annihilate_v sin_n not_o but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o low_a world_n be_v daily_a provoke_a god_n with_o their_o repeat_v and_o heinous_a trespass_n so_o that_o it_o will_v seem_v better_o after_o this_o method_n of_o reason_v to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o live_v upon_o earth_n but_o this_o be_v absurd_a ergo_fw-la &_o illud_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la sequitur_fw-la answ_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o objection_n in_o a_o very_a few_o word_n and_o 1._o i_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o parallel_a similitude_n of_o reason_n betwixt_o the_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_a for_o although_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o while_o we_o live_v here_o we_o be_v defile_v with_o many_o sinful_a spot_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o live_v here_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o though_o in_o this_o life_n we_o commit_v many_o trespass_n against_o god_n yet_o sincere_a repentance_n for_o the_o same_o which_o be_v our_o duty_n can_v procure_v the_o the_o restitution_n of_o god_n lose_a favour_n and_o countenance_n and_o so_o purge_v and_o cleanse_v we_o from_o our_o pollute_a transgression_n that_o afterward_o we_o may_v live_v a_o life_n more_o innocent_a and_o blameless_a to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o the_o eternal_a welfare_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n but_o the_o damn_a who_o be_v already_o at_o their_o journey_n end_n be_v in_o a_o unchangeable_a and_o last_a condition_n and_o their_o will_n be_v immutable_o fix_v upon_o evil_a and_o that_o continual_o for_o 1._o as_o the_o will_n of_o the_o glorify_a be_v immutable_o good_a so_o those_o of_o the_o damn_a be_v unchangeable_o evil_a 2._o without_o the_o enable_v grace_n of_o god_n no_o man_n will_n can_v be_v morral_o and_o proper_o good_a but_o the_o damn_a neither_o have_v nor_o hope_n for_o sanctify_a grace_n in_o their_o heart_n each_o of_o they_o outvy_v one_o another_o in_o spew_v out_o their_o venomous_a and_o spiteful_a malice_n against_o their_o creator_n and_o this_o the_o schoolman_n general_o approve_v aquin._n count_v gent._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 93._o ibid._n ferrariensis_n and_o aquin._n in_o 4._o do_v 50._o q._n 2._o art_n 1._o aquar_n in_o addit_fw-la ad_fw-la capre_n in_o 4._o do_v 50._o concl._n 1._o upon_o all_o which_o i_o conclude_v my_o last_o reason_n to_o be_v still_o firm_a and_o valid_a for_o the_o prove_v my_o assertion_n viz._n that_o condition_n be_v reasonable_o more_o eligible_a in_o which_o there_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v no_o sin_n than_o that_o which_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v so_o unchangeable_o bind_v up_o to_o and_o steadfast_o establish_v in_o exert_v eternal_a malice_n against_o god_n that_o it_o can_v but_o sin_n but_o the_o annihilate_v neither_o do_v nor_o can_v sin_n and_o the_o damn_v can_v abstain_v from_o sin_v therefore_o the_o state_n of_o the_o former_a be_v more_o eligible_a than_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a reason_n iii_o that_o be_v or_o essence_n which_o the_o damn_a enjoy_v be_v not_o indulge_v they_o for_o any_o good_a but_o for_o a_o subject_n and_o foundation_n of_o eternal_a torment_n so_o that_o in_o conformity_n to_o right_a reason_n it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v no_o be_v at_o all_o than_o to_o possess_v it_o only_o in_o order_n to_o be_v thereby_o render_v capable_a subject_n of_o infinite_a and_o insupportable_a tormnt_n and_o fit_a object_n of_o the_o eternal_a vengeance_n of_o the_o almighty_a who_o will_v not_o rather_o wish_v to_o have_v no_o tongue_n at_o all_o than_o to_o have_v it_o as_o dives_n in_o the_o parable_n for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o be_v in_o everlasting_a torment_a pain_n reason_n iv_o that_o must_v be_v the_o great_a evil_n which_o destroy_v the_o great_a good_a for_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o evil_n must_v still_o be_v esteem_v by_o the_o value_n of_o its_o opposite_a good_a so_o blindness_n be_v a_o less_o evil_a than_o infidelity_n because_o the_o good_a of_o which_o infidelity_n be_v a_o privation_n viz._n faith_n be_v a_o great_a good_a and_o more_o valuable_a than_o see_v which_o be_v the_o opposite_a of_o blindness_n this_o be_v but_o a_o natural_a faculty_n whereas_o the_o other_o be_v a_o supernatural_a and_o divine_a gift_n but_o damnation_n overthrow_v a_o great_a good_a than_o
annihilation_n do_v for_o annihilation_n be_v only_o oppose_v unto_o the_o finit_a and_o create_v good_a of_o the_o creature_n which_o it_o be_v only_o capable_a to_o destroy_v but_o damnation_n be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o great_a chief_a and_o increated_a good_a as_o 1._o it_o deprive_v the_o creature_n of_o that_o beatifical_a vision_n in_o which_o the_o fruition_n of_o god_n consist_v 2._o it_o superadd_v a_o great_a evil_n a_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la even_o that_o eternal_a malice_n which_o they_o be_v perpetual_o willing_a against_o god_n and_o consequently_n since_o damnation_n deprive_v the_o creature_n of_o a_o great_a good_a than_o annihilation_n it_o must_v be_v a_o high_a evil_n of_o a_o more_o intense_a degree_n doubt_n but_o peradventure_o some_o may_v reply_v that_o the_o annihilate_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o the_o damn_a and_o therefore_o since_o annihilation_n destroy_v the_o good_a both_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d esse_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d benè_fw-la esse_fw-la the_o creature_n in_o that_o state_n can_v enjoy_v god_n no_o more_o than_o the_o damn_a and_o consequent_o the_o annihilate_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o the_o damn_a for_o the_o damn_a enjoy_v the_o good_a of_o existence_n while_o the_o annihilate_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o same_o answ_n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o say_v that_o in_o those_o that_o be_v annihilate_v there_o be_v indeed_o a_o want_n of_o that_o beatifical_a vision_n but_o no_o privation_n it_o be_v only_o a_o negative_a kind_n of_o absence_n and_o not_o privative_a and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o common_a in_o philosophy_n than_o that_o the_o want_n of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n be_v not_o account_v to_o be_v evil_a unless_o it_o be_v a_o privative_a want_n as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v a_o negative_a want_n of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n be_v a_o stone_n that_o be_v the_o stone_n do_v not_o enjoy_v that_o vision_n but_o this_o be_v not_o evil_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o stone_n because_o all_o evil_n be_v carentia_fw-la boni_fw-la in_o subjecto_fw-la câ—paci_fw-la the_o want_n or_o defect_n of_o good_a in_o a_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o now_o a_o stone_n be_v not_o a_o subject_n capable_a of_o this_o beatifical_a vision_n so_o in_o he_o that_o be_v annihilate_v there_o be_v a_o negation_n or_o negative_a absence_n and_o non-fruition_n of_o the_o chief_a good_a for_o he_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v positive_o enjoy_v god_n but_o there_o be_v not_o a_o privation_n or_o privative_a absence_n which_o alone_o can_v be_v invest_v with_o the_o notion_n of_o evil._n the_o reason_n of_o all_o be_v clear_a for_o the_o annihilate_v be_v a_o simple_a nonentity_n uncapable_a to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o good_a since_o bonum_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la be_v convertible_a term_n so_o that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o entity_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o annihilation_n it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v any_o good_a and_o as_o for_o the_o consequent_a that_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n in_o the_o annihilate_v be_v not_o evil_a that_o be_v clear_o deducible_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v since_o that_o absence_n be_v not_o privative_a as_o all_o evil_n be_v but_o negative_a ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n reason_n v._o to_o prove_v yet_o further_o that_o annihilation_n be_v not_o a_o evil_a worse_o than_o damnation_n i_o argue_v in_o the_o five_o place_n thus_o there_o can_v be_v no_o evil_a great_a than_o the_o great_a for_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n in_o terminis_fw-la to_o say_v that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o evil_a worse_o than_o the_o worst_a of_o evil_n since_o that_o can_v be_v in_o a_o superlative_a degree_n the_o worst_a than_o which_o there_o may_v be_v a_o worser_o assign_v but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o damn_a there_o be_v the_o great_a evil_n that_o can_v be_v viz._n the_o privation_n of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n and_o the_o non-fruition_n of_o the_o chief_a good_a for_o the_o privation_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o great_a good_n must_v be_v the_o great_a evil_n since_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o evil_n as_o i_o hint_v before_o must_v be_v estimate_v by_o the_o value_n of_o its_o opposite_a object_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n so_o that_o if_o damnation_n be_v follow_v with_o the_o high_a and_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n can_v infer_v a_o great_a and_o by_o consequence_n annihilation_n be_v not_o a_o evil_a worse_o than_o damnation_n quod_fw-la erat_fw-la demonstrandum_fw-la reason_n vi_o i_o be_o now_o arrive_v at_o my_o six_o and_o last_o argument_n in_o manage_v which_o i_o shall_v observe_v this_o order_n 1._o i_o shall_v premise_v some_o few_o thing_n necessary_a and_o 2._o i_o shall_v deduce_v my_o argument_n in_o order_n wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o say_v that_o evil_a wherewithal_o the_o eternal_o damn_a be_v afflict_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n infinite_a and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o there_o be_v 1._o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la the_o evil_a of_o sin_v against_o god_n and_o 2._o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la the_o evil_a of_o punishment_n 1._o that_o evil_a of_o sin_n which_o the_o damn_a undergo_v or_o rather_o commit_v be_v perpetual_a blasphemy_n against_o god_n as_o some_o of_o the_o sohool-man_n prove_v from_o rev._n 16.11_o and_o blaspheme_v the_o god_n of_o heaven_n because_o of_o their_o pain_n and_o their_o sore_n which_o place_n though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o applicable_a to_o the_o infernal_a pain_n but_o to_o the_o punishment_n inflict_v on_o the_o member_n of_o antichrist_n yet_o it_o may_v after_o a_o analogical_a and_o proportional_a manner_n be_v not_o a_o little_a serviceable_a to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n and_o i_o deduce_v it_o thus_o if_o the_o pain_n and_o sore_n inflict_v on_o man_n in_o this_o life_n do_v incite_v and_o move_v their_o pollute_a lip_n to_o utter_v blasphemy_n against_o god_n himself_o how_o much_o more_o shall_v the_o pain_n of_o hell_n and_o the_o exquisite_a torment_n of_o the_o infernal_a lake_n produce_v the_o like_a effect_n for_o if_o from_o pain_n and_o sore_n blasphemy_n do_v arise_v as_o this_o text_n say_v they_o do_v then_o the_o more_o intense_a and_o exquisite_a these_o pain_n and_o torment_n be_v the_o great_a shall_v that_o blasphemy_n be_v that_o spring_v from_o thence_o but_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o painful_a misery_n and_o the_o most_o intense_a degree_n of_o torment_n shall_v be_v in_o hell_n therefore_o the_o blasphemy_n against_o god_n shall_v there_o be_v screw_v up_o to_o the_o great_a height_n this_o perpetual_a blasphemy_n i_o say_v accompany_v with_o eternal_a despair_n and_o a_o inveterate_a malicious_a hatred_n against_o god_n be_v that_o in_o which_o this_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la consist_v vid._n aquin._n count_v gent._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 93._o ibid._n ferrar._n &_o in_o 4._o do_v 50._o q._n 2._o art_n 1._o aquar_n in_o addit_fw-la ad_fw-la capreol_n in_o 4._o do_v 50._o concl_n 1._o etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la or_o evil_a of_o punishment_n which_o the_o damn_a undergo_v be_v twofold_a viz._n 1._o the_o evil_a of_o sense_n and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o intense_a positive_a degree_n of_o torment_n at_o least_o a_o very_a great_a one_o and_o be_v still_o proportion_v to_o the_o nature_n and_o heinousness_n of_o the_o sin_n or_o sin_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v 2._o the_o evil_a of_o loss_n and_o this_o be_v the_o non-fruition_n of_o the_o chief_a good_a viz._n the_o want_n and_o privation_n of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n these_o premise_a i_o assert_v that_o each_o of_o these_o evil_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n infinite_a for_o 1._o the_o evil_a of_o sin_n be_v commit_v against_o a_o infinite_a god_n be_v denominate_v infinite_a from_o the_o extrinsical_a relation_n it_o bear_v to_o its_o infinite_a object_n 2._o the_o evil_a of_o punishment_n viz._n of_o loss_n not_o of_o sense_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n infinite_a since_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o privation_n of_o the_o beatifical_a vision_n or_o the_o non-fruition_n of_o a_o infinite_a good_a 3._o the_o evil_a of_o punishnment_n viz._n of_o sense_n though_o it_o be_v not_o positive_o infinite_a in_o respect_n of_o its_o intensity_n or_o degree_n since_o the_o finite_a creature_n be_v not_o a_o subject_n capable_a yet_o it_o be_v the_o most_o exquisite_a intense_a positive_a and_o everlasting_a extremity_n of_o torment_n that_o the_o miserable_a creature_n can_v possible_o undergo_v 4._o all_o these_o abovementioned_a evil_n be_v each_o of_o they_o infinite_a in_o duration_n since_o they_o shall_v never_o be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o endure_v through_o all_o the_o age_n of_o eternity_n for_o ever_o and_o ever_o now_o if_o we_o consider_v all_o these_o evil_n as_o concentred_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n we_o
little_a parcel_n of_o ground_n move_v but_o slow_o and_o that_o another_o who_o take_v up_o as_o much_o time_n in_o pass_v over_o a_o less_o piece_n of_o ground_n move_v more_o slow_o in_o this_o the_o consequence_n be_v good_a but_o if_o i_o shall_v infer_v that_o therefore_o he_o who_o pass_v over_o no_o ground_n at_o all_o move_v slow_a of_o all_o the_o consequence_n be_v null_a for_o he_o who_o pass_v over_o no_o space_n move_v not_o at_o all_o again_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v where_o there_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o a_o degree_n of_o light_n there_o be_v a_o shadow_n therefore_o where_o there_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o a_o great_a degree_n there_o be_v a_o great_a umbrage_n in_o this_o i_o say_v right_a because_o a_o shadow_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o light_n but_o if_o i_o shall_v infer_v that_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o all_o light_n whatsoever_o there_o be_v the_o great_a shadow_n i_o shall_v be_v just_o censure_v with_o a_o nonsequitur_a because_o where_o there_o be_v no_o light_n at_o all_o there_o be_v no_o shadow_n neither_o nor_o any_o thing_n but_o thick_a and_o perpetual_a darkness_n for_o a_o shadow_n presuppose_v also_o a_o secondary_a kind_n of_o light_n in_o like_a manner_n i_o say_v the_o privation_n of_o any_o good_a be_v evil_a and_o the_o privation_n of_o any_o great_a good_a be_v a_o great_a evil_n but_o i_o can_v say_v that_o the_o privation_n of_o all_o and_o every_o good_a be_v the_o great_a evil_n of_o all_o because_o all_o evil_n must_v be_v lodge_v in_o some_o good_a or_o bonum_fw-la viz._n ens_fw-la as_o in_o its_o subject_a or_o foundation_n so_o that_o if_o the_o subject_a perish_v it_o can_v be_v a_o evil_a this_o be_v confess_v by_o durand_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o be_v forcible_o evince_v by_o suarez_n met._n tom._n i._o disp_n 11._o aquin._n 1._o p._n q._n 48._o object_n 3._o durandus_fw-la object_n in_o the_o three_o place_n annihilation_n be_v no_o manner_n of_o way_n eligible_a therefore_o it_o can_v be_v more_o eligible_a than_o misery_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o antecedent_n be_v because_o annihilation_n have_v nothing_o of_o good_a in_o it_o since_o all_o good_a presuppose_v a_o subject_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o in_o which_o it_o shall_v rest_v as_o on_o a_o foundation_n and_o annihilation_n which_o be_v the_o adequate_a and_o total_a destruction_n of_o the_o subject_n can_v partake_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n answ_n i_o answer_v first_o if_o every_o good_a presuppose_v some_o subject_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v good_a quod_fw-la &_o verissimum_fw-la then_o by_o the_o same_o analogy_n of_o reason_n every_o evil_n presuppose_v a_o subject_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v evil_a so_o that_o since_o annihilation_n presuppose_v no_o subject_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n destroy_v it_o than_o it_o can_v be_v evil_a and_o far_o less_o the_o great_a evil_n which_o durandus_fw-la contend_v for_o i_o answer_v second_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v good_a two_o way_n 1._o absolute_o or_o positive_o 2._o relative_o or_o comparitive_o viz._n with_o respect_n to_o some_o other_o thing_n as_o for_o the_o first_o we_o call_v that_o absolute_o good_a which_o contain_v in_o itself_o some_o positive_a bonity_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n annihilation_n be_v not_o good_a as_o the_o objection_n say_v true_a as_o to_o the_o second_o we_o call_v a_o thing_n good_a which_o though_o it_o include_v no_o positive_a bonity_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o another_o be_v a_o lesser_a evil_a so_o annihilation_n though_o it_o be_v not_o positive_o and_o by_o itself_o good_a yet_o when_o compare_v to_o damnation_n which_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n it_o be_v good_a as_o be_v the_o lesser_a evil_n in_o this_o sense_n we_o call_v the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cold_a because_o it_o be_v least_o hot_a and_o water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n or_o lead_v than_o gold_n not_o as_o if_o either_o the_o lead_n or_o the_o water_n be_v absolute_o light_a for_o they_o be_v body_n positive_o and_o in_o themselves_o heavy_a but_o comparative_o that_o be_v the_o water_n be_v less_o heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o lead_n than_o the_o gold_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n only_o be_v they_o say_v to_o be_v light_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v annihilation_n say_v to_o be_v better_a than_o damnation_n not_o absolute_o as_o if_o there_o be_v any_o positive_a inherent_a bonity_n in_o annihilation_n but_o only_o comparative_o that_o be_v annihilation_n when_o compare_v to_o damnation_n be_v a_o less_o evil_a or_o not_o evil_a at_o all_o object_n 4._o it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v some_o bonity_n or_o perfection_n than_o to_o have_v none_o at_o all_o but_o the_o damn_a have_v some_o perfection_n a_o substantial_a and_o real_a essence_n and_o the_o annihilate_v have_v none_o at_o all_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v miserable_a or_o damn_a than_o not_o to_o be_v answ_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o perfection_n or_o bonity_n which_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o damn_a may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n viz._n 1._o absolute_o and_o in_o itself_o as_o a_o substantial_a and_o real_a perfection_n and_o in_o this_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v that_o perfection_n than_o to_o have_v none_o at_o all_o if_o you_o consider_v it_o precise_o by_o itself_o but_o 2._o if_o it_o be_v consider_v comparative_o and_o with_o respect_n to_o its_o adjunctum_fw-la viz._n that_o evil_n which_o be_v conjoin_v to_o it_o as_o its_o inseparable_a companion_n then_o i_o say_v it_o be_v better_a to_o want_v that_o goodness_n than_o to_o enjoy_v it_o thus_o qualify_v with_o such_o bitter_a ingredient_n efpecial_o since_o this_o their_o good_a viz._n existence_n be_v only_o indulge_v they_o for_o this_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o foundation_n or_o subject_a receptive_a of_o eternal_a torment_n and_o inexpressible_a misery_n which_o shall_v never_o have_v a_o end_n but_o durandus_fw-la perhaps_o may_v reply_v that_o there_o be_v a_o double_a evil_n which_o befall_v the_o damn_a viz._n malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la and_o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la but_o the_o former_a viz._n malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la or_o sin_v against_o god_n do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o damnation_n but_o only_o secundario_fw-la &_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la as_o not_o depend_v effective_o of_o god_n nor_o yet_o arise_v from_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o damn_v but_o entire_o owe_v its_o original_n to_o the_o obstinate_a and_o perverse_a will_n of_o the_o damn_a so_o that_o the_o second_o only_o viz._n malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la or_o the_o evil_n of_o punishment_n proper_o absolute_o and_o per_fw-la se_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o state_n of_o damnation_n as_o be_v just_o inflict_v by_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n author_n and_o original_n of_o the_o same_o then_o durandus_fw-la argue_v thus_o the_o misery_n which_o the_o damn_a endure_v as_o it_o include_v the_o complication_n both_o of_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la and_o poenae_fw-la be_v indeed_o worse_o than_o annihilation_n but_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v proper_o and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o viz_o mere_o penal_a without_o respect_n to_o the_o criminal_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v but_o a_o occasional_a accessary_n than_o it_o be_v better_a to_o undergo_v this_o misery_n than_o to_o be_v annihilate_v 1._o in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o assert_v 1._o that_o this_o be_v true_o durandus_n opinion_n though_o every_o one_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o himself_o in_o 4_o do_v 16._o q._n 1._o where_o he_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o sin_n 2._o but_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o rather_o a_o concession_n of_o than_o a_o impugn_v the_o question_n for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n be_v this_o if_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v damn_a that_o be_v undergo_v all_o the_o misery_n of_o that_o life_n and_o condition_n that_o the_o damn_a be_v actual_o possess_v of_o than_o to_o be_v annihilate_v so_o that_o since_o all_o the_o damn_a must_v necessary_o undergo_v the_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la or_o poenae_fw-la it_o be_v a_o very_a natural_a consequence_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o be_v damn_v that_o be_v to_o sin_n against_o god_n which_o durandus_fw-la himself_z acknowledge_v since_o no_o creature_n can_v be_v damn_a and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v excuse_v from_o sin_n 3._o in_o the_o three_o place_n i_o argue_v thus_o and_o this_o be_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la if_o it_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n to_o sin_n than_o to_o be_v annihilate_v as_o durandus_fw-la say_v it_o be_v than_o it_o shall_v either_o be_v such_o because_o of_o the_o offence_n do_v to_o god_n or_o because_o of_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n that_o have_v follow_v
thereupon_o or_o because_o of_o the_o punishment_n of_o loss_n or_o sense_n inflict_v on_o the_o sinner_n for_o the_o same_o or_o last_o because_o of_o the_o sin_n itself_o which_o consider_v by_o itself_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n now_o which_o so_o ever_o of_o these_o durandus_fw-la choose_v he_o will_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o 1._o if_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n to_o sin_n than_o to_o be_v annihilate_v because_o of_o the_o offence_n do_v to_o god_n then_o say_v i_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o be_v damn_v because_o god_n be_v offend_v at_o and_o continual_o wroth_a with_o the_o damn_a for_o if_o the_o offence_n do_v unto_o god_n make_v sin_n a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n then_o in_o like_a manner_n shall_v the_o offence_n do_v unto_o god_n by_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o damn_a and_o the_o displeasure_n of_o god_n hang_v perpetual_o over_o their_o head_n for_o the_o same_o make_v damnation_n a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n which_o according_a to_o durandus_n principle_n be_v absurd_a 2._o if_o he_o say_v that_o sin_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n because_o of_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n that_o have_v follow_v thereupon_o then_o by_o the_o same_o analogy_n of_o reason_n it_o shall_v follow_v that_o damnation_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n because_o of_o the_o burn_a hot_a furnace_n of_o god_n wrath_n which_o have_v already_o overtake_v the_o damn_a and_o shall_v for_o ever_o endure_v against_o they_o 3._o if_o he_o say_v that_o sin_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n because_o of_o the_o punishment_n inflict_v on_o the_o sinner_n for_o the_o same_o then_o damnation_n be_v for_o the_o same_o very_a reason_n a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n for_o if_o any_o kind_n of_o punishment_n make_v sin_n a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n shall_v not_o that_o high_a degree_n of_o torment_n which_o the_o damn_a endure_v for_o ever_o much_o more_o oblige_v damnation_n to_o be_v worse_o than_o annihilation_n 4._o and_o last_o if_o he_o say_v that_o sin_n in_o itself_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n i_o accord_n unto_o the_o same_o but_o then_o i_o subsume_v if_o sin_n itself_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n than_o that_o punishment_n which_o the_o damn_a be_v afflict_v with_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o sin_n consider_v precise_o in_o itself_o must_v be_v likewise_o a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n now_o i_o prove_v that_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o damn_a be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o sin_n consider_v in_o itself_o because_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o evil_n be_v estimate_v by_o the_o value_n of_o the_o opposite_a good_a which_o it_o destroy_v but_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o wicked_a destroy_v a_o great_a good_a than_o sin_n do_v for_o sin_n consider_v formal_o in_o itself_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o privatio_fw-la rectitudinis_fw-la debitae_fw-la inesse_fw-la creaturae_fw-la the_o privation_n of_o that_o rectitude_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o creature_n which_o be_v but_o a_o finite_a good_a whereas_o the_o punishment_n of_o loss_n inflict_v on_o the_o damn_a not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o sense_n deprive_v the_o creature_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o infinite_a good_a viz._n the_o love_n of_o god_n and_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o he_o for_o ever_o and_o consequent_o be_v a_o great_a evil_n to_o the_o creature_n than_o sin_n consider_v in_o itself_o which_o be_v only_o the_o privation_n of_o a_o finite_a good_a so_o that_o after_o all_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o if_o durandus_fw-la can_v make_v his_o assertion_n good_a that_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o sin_v against_o god_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o annihilation_n he_o may_v easy_o perceive_v the_o truth_n of_o my_o assertion_n that_o to_o be_v damn_v be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o to_o be_v annihilate_v quod_fw-la erat_fw-la demonstrandum_fw-la and_o here_o to_o satisfy_v durandus_n fancy_n we_o shall_v abstract_n from_o the_o criminal_a and_o sinful_a part_n of_o the_o eternal_a punishment_n betide_v the_o wicked_a and_o shall_v only_o fix_v our_o thought_n on_o that_o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la wherewithal_o god_n afflict_v they_o and_o then_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n shall_v be_v this_o if_o that_o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la abstract_v from_o the_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la which_o the_o wicked_a be_v liable_a unto_o be_v so_o great_a a_o punishment_n that_o be_v be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o endure_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o question_n hang_v upon_o this_o if_o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o bonum_fw-la essentiae_fw-la be_v a_o good_a for_o if_o it_o be_v then_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v and_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o to_o be_v free_v from_o the_o great_a evil_n than_o to_o be_v damn_a and_o enjoy_v the_o small_a bonum_fw-la essentiae_fw-la follow_v with_o a_o great_a evil_n wherefore_o i_o here_o subjoin_v my_o last_o conclusion_n concl._n 7._o it_o be_v better_a and_o in_o conformity_n to_o right_a reason_n more_o eligible_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o undergo_v the_o evil_n of_o punishment_n though_o separate_v from_o the_o evil_n of_o sin_n that_o the_o damn_a be_v torment_v withal_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n explain_v my_o conclusion_n and_o then_o prove_v it_o 1._o that_o evil_a of_o punishment_n which_o the_o wicked_a undergo_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1._o as_o it_o flow_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n just_o ordain_v the_o wicked_a to_o undergo_v eternal_a punishment_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o damn_a person_n if_o he_o regulate_v his_o will_n according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o rectify_a reason_n can_v wish_v rather_o to_o be_v annihilate_v because_o he_o can_v reasonable_o wish_v the_o contrary_a of_o what_o god_n just_o will_v and_o ordain_v for_o if_o god_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o most_o exact_a justice_n will_v that_o they_o shall_v undergo_v eternal_a punishment_n they_o can_v just_o will_v to_o be_v annihilate_v and_o not_o to_o undergo_v this_o their_o just_a retribution_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o bonav_n in_o 4._o do_v 50._o q._n 2._o and_o jo._n maj._n in_o 4_o as_o also_o in_o do_v 50._o q._n 2._o 2._o this_o evil_a of_o punishment_n may_v be_v consider_v precise_o as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o without_o respect_n to_o god_n appointment_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o endure_v such_o inexpressible_a torment_n wherefore_o to_o gratify_v durandus_n curiosity_n we_o shall_v make_v the_o staâ—e_v of_o the_o question_n this_o viz._n if_o the_o evil_a of_o punishment_n when_o abstract_v both_o from_o the_o malum_fw-la culpae_fw-la and_o the_o divinâ—_n appointment_n about_o the_o undergo_n of_o the_o same_o be_v of_o itself_o so_o intolerable_a and_o hideous_o great_a that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o undergo_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o god_n shall_v allow_v the_o creature_n its_o free_a choice_n i_o assert_v that_o the_o evil_a of_o punishment_n be_v so_o very_o great_a that_o it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o person_n affect_v with_o the_o same_o to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o endurance_n of_o it_o and_o this_o i_o prove_v reas_n 1._o because_o annihilation_n be_v the_o lesser_a evil_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v prefer_v i_o prove_v the_o antecedent_n because_o the_o bonum_fw-la essentiae_fw-la which_o the_o damn_a enjoy_v be_v a_o less_o good_a or_o minus_fw-la in_o ratione_fw-la boni_fw-la than_o the_o evil_n of_o punishment_n be_v in_o ratione_fw-la malâ—_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a viz._n because_o every_o evil_n be_v estimate_v by_o the_o value_n of_o the_o good_a of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n but_o the_o evil_a of_o eternal_a punishment_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o a_o great_a good_a than_o bonum_fw-la essentiae_fw-la therefore_o the_o evil_n of_o eternal_a punishment_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o the_o good_a of_o be_v be_v a_o good_a for_o the_o good_a of_o be_v be_v only_o a_o finite_a and_o create_v good_a whereas_o the_o good_a whereof_o the_o malum_fw-la poenae_fw-la be_v a_o privation_n be_v the_o fruition_n of_o god_n who_o be_v goodness_n in_o the_o abstract_n be_v the_o high_a infinite_a and_o increated_a good_a and_o since_o there_o can_v be_v no_o good_a so_o high_a as_o the_o high_a the_o good_a of_o essential_a being_n can_v be_v so_o great_a but_o if_o the_o good_a destroy_v by_o the_o evil_n of_o punishment_n be_v great_a than_o the_o bonum_fw-la essentiae_fw-la than_o this_o evil_n be_v great_a in_o genere_fw-la mali_fw-la than_o the_o bonum_fw-la essentiae_fw-la be_v in_o genere_fw-la boni_fw-la and_o consequent_o annihilation_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v choose_v than_o undergo_a the_o
may_v easy_o apprehend_v how_o vast_o great_a and_o intolerable_a that_o punishment_n will_v be_v which_o shall_v torment_v the_o damn_a for_o ever_o conclus_fw-la ii_o in_o the_o second_o place_n i_o premise_v this_o conclusion_n viz._n in_o the_o state_n of_o annihilation_n there_o be_v no_o evil_a at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o simple_a and_o bare_a negation_n of_o good_a and_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v this_o more_o full_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v all_o that_o all_o evil_n be_v the_o want_n of_o some_o good_a or_o perfection_n but_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a want_n of_o perfection_n 1._o negative_a which_o be_v only_o a_o mere_a negation_n or_o non_fw-la existence_n of_o the_o perfection_n in_o a_o lion_n there_o be_v the_o want_n of_o reason_n faith_n and_o felicity_n for_o these_o be_v not_o in_o the_o lion_n but_o this_o want_n be_v not_o evil_a because_o these_o be_v no_o perfection_n due_a or_o requisite_a unto_o the_o lion_n and_o beside_o he_o be_v not_o a_o subject_n capable_a of_o they_o 2._o privative_a which_o be_v not_o promiscuous_o the_o want_n of_o any_o perfection_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o of_o that_o perfection_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o subject_n and_o this_o want_n be_v only_o the_o proper_a evil_n of_o the_o creature_n so_o if_o a_o man_n want_v his_o sight_n this_o be_v a_o privative_a want_n and_o be_v evil_n to_o the_o man_n since_o see_v be_v a_o perfection_n belong_v to_o he_o but_o though_o a_o stone_n want_v sight_n likewise_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o evil_a to_o the_o stone_n since_o it_o be_v not_o any_o due_a perfection_n of_o a_o stone_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o annihilate_v creature_n there_o be_v a_o want_n of_o good_a for_o there_o be_v no_o good_a in_o that_o state_n neither_o indeed_o can_v be_v since_o bonity_n and_o entity_n be_v reciprocal_a but_o this_o want_n be_v only_o negative_a not_o privative_a and_o consequent_o no_o evil_a and_o this_o will_v appear_v more_o evident_a if_o we_o consider_v two_o that_o every_o evil_a necessary_o presuppose_v a_o subject_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v evil_a according_a to_o that_o axiom_n of_o the_o schoolman_n omne_fw-la malum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o bono_n every_o evil_n reside_v in_o good_a that_o be_v in_o a_o entity_n which_o enjoy_v the_o metaphysical_a good_a of_o existence_n this_o be_v also_o solid_o demonstrate_v by_o swarez_n met._n tom_n 1._o disp_n 11._o aquin._n 1_o p_o q._n 48._o ariminens_fw-la durand_n estius_n and_o bassol_n in_o 2._o do_v 34_o i_o shall_v deduce_v some_o few_o inference_n from_o these_o evident_a premise_n and_o 1._o if_o every_o evil_a presuppose_v the_o existence_n of_o a_o subject_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v evil_a than_o annihilation_n be_v no_o evil_a at_o all_o since_o in_o the_o state_n of_o annihilation_n the_o subject_n remain_v not_o but_o be_v actual_o destroy_v infer_v ii_o 2._o if_o the_o annihilation_n of_o peter_n v._o gr_n be_v evil_a since_o every_o evil_n must_v be_v evil_a to_o some_o subject_n or_o other_o it_o be_v either_o evil_n to_o himself_o or_o to_o another_o but_o not_o to_o himself_o because_o peter_n when_o annihilate_v be_v a_o simple_a nonentity_n and_o consequent_o not_o asleep_o subject_a capable_a of_o evil_n and_o not_o to_o another_o for_o evil_a which_o be_v the_o privation_n of_o good_a can_v be_v lodge_v in_o any_o other_o subject_n than_o that_o in_o which_o the_o good_a be_v as_o sight_n it_o have_v its_o seat_n only_o in_o the_o eye_n blindness_n its_o opposite_a evil_n can_v be_v any_o where_o else_o than_o in_o the_o eye_n so_o if_o bonity_n be_v a_o inseparable_a propriety_n of_o ens_fw-la then_o evil_a can_v be_v entertain_v any_o where_o but_o there_o or_o the_o argument_n may_v run_v thus_o if_o the_o annihilation_n of_o peter_n be_v evil_a to_o peter_n himself_o than_o it_o will_v eiâ—her_o be_v such_o while_n he_o be_v peter_n or_o while_o he_o be_v not_o peter_n but_o not_o while_o he_o be_v peter_n because_o while_o he_o be_v peter_n he_o be_v not_o annihilate_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o annihilation_n shall_v be_v evil_a to_o peter_n while_o he_o be_v peter_n since_o while_o he_o be_v peter_n there_o be_v no_o annihilation_n and_o consequent_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o evil_a of_o the_o same_o and_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v evil_a to_o he_o while_o he_o be_v not_o peter_n because_o evil_a as_o i_o say_v before_o can_v be_v lodge_v in_o a_o nonentity_n and_o as_o for_o its_o be_v evil_a to_o another_o that_o relate_v not_o to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o evil_a to_o himself_o i_o gain_v my_o point_n since_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o another_o that_o a_o damn_a person_n he_o annihilate_v or_o that_o he_o continue_v in_o the_o state_n of_o damnation_n but_o which_o of_o they_o be_v better_a for_o the_o damn_a person_n himself_o 3._o that_o which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o can_v be_v in_o a_o evil_a condition_n for_o to_o be_v miserable_a necessary_o presuppose_v to_o be_v malè_fw-la esse_fw-la necessario_fw-la praesupponit_fw-la esse_fw-la as_o a_o man_n can_v be_v in_o a_o good_a condition_n unless_o he_o exist_v or_o enjoy_v that_o be_v which_o be_v good_a but_o peter_n when_o annihilate_v be_v a_o pure_a nothing_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v in_o a_o ill_a condition_n and_o consequent_o annihilation_n can_v be_v a_o evil_n unto_o he_o or_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v conceive_v thus_o that_o can_v constitute_v a_o man_n in_o a_o ill_a condition_n which_o constitute_v he_o a_o mere_a nothing_o but_o annihilation_n constitute_v the_o creature_n a_o mere_a nothing_o ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o aquin._n in_o quodlib_n q._n 5._o art_n 3._o si_fw-mi omne_fw-la annihilarentur_fw-la nullum_fw-la esset_fw-la malum_fw-la sicut_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la ullum_fw-la malum_fw-la ante_fw-la creationem_fw-la if_o all_o thing_n be_v annihilate_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o evil_a in_o the_o world_n than_o there_o be_v before_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v none_o at_o all_o now_o i_o come_v to_o deduce_v my_o six_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v this_o reason_n vi_o that_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o evil_a at_o all_o be_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n more_o eligible_a than_o that_o in_o which_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o evil_n be_v contain_v but_o in_o the_o state_n of_o annihilation_n there_o be_v or_o can_v be_v no_o evil_a at_o all_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o damnation_n there_o be_v a_o combination_n of_o evil_n in_o some_o measure_n infinite_a both_o part_n of_o the_o minor_a be_v already_o demonstrate_v therefore_o annihilation_n be_v preferable_a to_o damnation_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v more_o eligible_a not_o to_o be_v than_o to_o be_v miserable_a quod_fw-la erat_fw-la demonstrandum_fw-la there_o be_v one_o thing_n here_o to_o be_v remark_v that_o while_o we_o say_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a not_o to_o be_v than_o to_o be_v miserable_a this_o choose_n of_o nonexistence_n or_o wish_v not_o to_o be_v may_v undergo_v a_o twofold_a meaning_n 1._o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o wish_v for_o nonexistence_n so_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o effectuate_v it_o himself_o and_o advance_v his_o own_o annihilation_n as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n no_o man_n shall_v wish_v to_o be_v annihilate_v viz._n by_o his_o own_o procure_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o self_n murder_n be_v a_o summum_fw-la nefas_fw-la a_o superlative_a crime_n which_o as_o we_o can_v do_v so_o neither_o shall_v we_o wish_v to_o be_v the_o doer_n of_o it_o so_o that_o in_o this_o no_o man_n shall_v wish_v rather_o to_o be_v annihilate_v than_o to_o be_v miserable_a 2._o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o wish_v for_o annihilation_n not_o as_o if_o he_o be_v to_o be_v the_o doer_n of_o it_o himself_o but_o suppose_v god_n shall_v leave_v he_o to_o his_o free_a choice_n he_o will_v consent_v unto_o it_o and_o be_v passive_a while_o another_o be_v perform_v the_o action_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o may_v say_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a not_o to_o be_v than_o to_o be_v miserable_a if_o both_o be_v consider_v absolute_o in_o themselves_o and_o if_o god_n shall_v leave_v the_o damn_a creature_n to_o its_o own_o free_a choice_n but_o we_o do_v not_o assert_v that_o a_o man_n can_v actual_o and_o the_o facto_fw-la wish_v for_o it_o with_fw-mi johan_n major_n in_o 4._o sent._n do_v 50._o q._n 2._o and_o bassol_n in_o 4._o do_v 50._o q._n 1._o the_o next_o thing_n that_o follow_v in_o order_n be_v to_o consider_v durandus_fw-la his_fw-la objection_n to_o the_o contrary_a which_o i_o shall_v 1._o set_v down_o in_o their_o full_a force_n and_o 2._o shall_v answer_v they_o with_o as_o much_o