think_v to_o be_v triumph_v over_o rather_o then_o conquer_v it_o be_v a_o infinite_a task_n to_o write_v all_o which_o tacitus_n relate_v of_o the_o valour_n and_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o german_n be_v a_o nation_n love_v rest_n and_o hate_v idleness_n punish_v cowardice_n with_o death_n and_o repute_v it_o a_o inexplable_a shame_n for_o a_o subject_a to_o see_v his_o prince_n slay_v in_o battle_n and_o return_v alive_a without_o he_o as_o much_o or_o more_o he_o report_v from_o julius_n agricola_n than_o proconsul_n of_o brittany_n of_o our_o ancient_a british_a nation_n who_o faction_n and_o dissension_n among_o themselves_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o roman_a victory_n and_o not_o the_o roman_a valour_n wherein_o he_o confess_v they_o no_o way_n to_o stand_v inferior_a to_o strengthen_v this_o assertion_n history_n will_v afford_v a_o evidence_n almost_o in_o every_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o north_n by_o sundry_a conquest_n to_o 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the_o same_o ground_n for_o to_o this_o two_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o wit_n arm_n and_o counsel_n whence_o they_o use_v to_o paint_v pallas_n arm_v to_o signify_v that_o not_o only_a strength_n but_o counsel_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o establishment_n of_o kingdom_n the_o southern_a people_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v altogether_o addict_v to_o contemplation_n have_v be_v unable_a either_o to_o defend_v themselves_o or_o repel_v a_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n have_v strength_n sufficient_a to_o assault_v for_o want_v of_o prudence_n and_o counsel_n can_v never_o long_o enjoy_v their_o conquest_n so_o that_o we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o great_a empire_n establish_v of_o either_o but_o the_o middle_a people_n have_v strength_n to_o subdue_v the_o southern_a and_o policy_n enough_o to_o overcome_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o north_n have_v establish_v many_o great_a and_o famous_a empire_n here_o for_o a_o ample_a example_n we_o may_v produce_v the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o borrow_a law_n and_o discipline_n from_o the_o grecian_n nautical_a science_n from_o the_o sicilian_n and_o punick_n military_a discipline_n from_o their_o daily_a exercise_n and_o therefore_o be_v it_o no_o great_a wonder_n that_o in_o state_n and_o glory_n they_o surmount_v all_o other_o nation_n on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o find_v many_o famous_a victory_n achieve_v by_o the_o northern_a people_n yet_o can_v they_o never_o leave_v behind_o they_o any_o large_a empire_n but_o as_o easy_o lose_v as_o win_v their_o kingdom_n thus_o fare_v it_o with_o the_o goth_n the_o hun_n the_o heruli_n and_o the_o vandal_n which_o with_o so_o many_o strong_a army_n invade_v europe_n and_o asia_n who_o nevertheless_o for_o want_n of_o wisdom_n and_o foresight_n can_v not_o hold_v what_o they_o get_v or_o settle_v therein_o any_o state_n of_o long_a continuance_n 4_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v of_o mixture_n of_o both_o that_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n depend_v on_o the_o natural_a complexion_n and_o temper_n be_v warrant_v as_o well_o by_o experience_n as_o approve_a testimony_n of_o our_o best_a philosopher_n for_o howsoever_o grâ—ce_n oâ—_n education_n may_v make_v a_o change_n yet_o this_o be_v extraordinary_a and_o these_o rain_v once_o loose_v man_n easy_o return_v to_o their_o former_a disposition_n how_o much_o the_o northern_a man_n differ_v from_o the_o southern_a in_o natural_a constitution_n we_o have_v former_o â—aught_v out_o of_o which_o we_o can_v but_o conclude_v a_o great_a disparity_n in_o manner_n and_o custom_n yet_o â—o_o show_v a_o moâ—e_n special_a and_o evident_a demonstration_n we_o will_v make_v a_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o such_o affection_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o northern_a &_o southern_a man_n &_o out_o of_o the_o comparison_n make_v ouâ—_n judgement_n first_o therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o ancient_a and_o modern_a observation_n that_o the_o northern_a man_n have_v be_v â—axed_v of_o too_o much_o levity_n and_o inconstancy_n the_o southern_a man_n contrariwise_o of_o too_o much_o perverse_a stubborness_n as_o well_o in_o opinion_n as_o affection_n the_o reason_n of_o both_o we_o have_v before_o specify_v to_o be_v their_o natural_a complexion_n which_o in_o the_o former_a be_v incline_v to_o sanguine_a in_o the_o late_a to_o choler_n adust_a and_o melancholy_a whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o more_o subject_a to_o change_v or_o impression_n than_o the_o other_o galen_n derive_v all_o virtue_n from_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o body_n make_v choler_n the_o mother_n of_o prudence_n melancholy_a of_o constancy_n blood_n of_o mirth_n phlegm_n of_o mansuetude_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o which_o humour_n infinite_a variety_n arise_v and_o because_o these_o humour_n be_v seldom_o equal_o or_o proportional_o combine_v and_o temper_v together_o they_o become_v the_o source_n of_o infinite_a vice_n which_o inequality_n of_o temperament_n be_v rather_o find_v in_o the_o extreme_a region_n and_o therefore_o no_o marvel_n if_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v subject_a to_o great_a vice_n than_o those_o of_o the_o middle_a region_n for_o the_o mutability_n and_o levity_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n we_o can_v have_v no_o great_a argument_n than_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v write_v of_o the_o ostrogothe_n and_o visigothe_n that_o be_v expulse_v by_o king_n attila_n they_o beseech_v valens_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v they_o a_o dwell_a place_n conditional_o promise_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o to_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o have_v obtain_v they_o flee_v from_o their_o promise_n and_o perfidious_o burn_v the_o emperor_n alive_a the_o goth_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v into_o italy_n embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n but_o soon_o run_v into_o
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o
the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n without_o the_o equatour_n 255_o 3_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 260_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n either_o in_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n 261_o 5_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n by_o the_o square_a root_n 262_o 6_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sign_n tangent_n and_o secant_v 264_o 7_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n by_o resolution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n 266_o 8_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o semicircle_n 271_o 9_o of_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o distance_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 273_o to_o my_o book_n parue_v nec_fw-la invideo_fw-la sine_fw-la i_o liber_n ibis_fw-la in_fw-la aulam_fw-la hei_fw-la mihi_fw-la quòd_fw-la domino_fw-la 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small_a moment_n such_o as_o be_v hillock_n brook_n lake_n town_n village_n and_o parish_n without_o any_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v as_o confer_v they_o with_o the_o spherical_a fabric_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o by_o the_o same_o author_n be_v well_o illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n draw_v from_o the_o painter_n art_n for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o painter_n desirous_a to_o draw_v out_o and_o represent_v the_o head_n of_o any_o live_a creature_n will_v first_o draw_v out_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o first_o and_o great_a part_n as_o the_o eye_n ear_n nose_n mouth_n forehead_n and_o such_o like_a only_o care_v that_o they_o may_v challenge_v a_o due_a and_o just_a proportion_n and_o symmetry_n one_o with_o the_o other_o not_o regard_v the_o lesser_a particle_n and_o ornament_n in_o each_o of_o these_o want_v perhaps_o space_n competent_a to_o accomplish_v it_o but_o if_o the_o same_o painter_n will_v strive_v to_o express_v only_o a_o eye_n or_o a_o ear_n 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meridian_n 3_o geographie_n and_o chorographie_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v because_o geographie_n stand_v in_o little_a need_n of_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v conversant_a the_o most_o part_n about_o the_o geometrical_a lineament_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n claim_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o art_n call_v of_o the_o greek_n ichnographie_n who_o office_n be_v to_o express_v the_o figure_n and_o proportion_n of_o body_n set_v forth_o in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n but_o contrariwise_o corographie_n require_v as_o a_o help_n necessary_a the_o art_n of_o paint_v forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n can_v full_o and_o perfect_o express_v to_o the_o eye_n the_o true_a portrait_n of_o city_n town_n castle_n promontory_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n in_o their_o true_a colour_n livelihood_n and_o proportion_n except_o they_o be_v skill_v in_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v so_o that_o this_o part_n be_v by_o some_o liken_v to_o that_o art_n which_o the_o
receive_a error_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rock_n or_o pole_n of_o loadstone_n some_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n in_o its_o variation_n shall_v respect_v this_o pole_n they_o have_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o azore_n whence_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o show_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o compass_n shall_v not_o vary_v in_o that_o place_n which_o they_o explain_v by_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n describe_v the_o sphere_n e_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o arctic_a pole_n a_o the_o antarctic_a â—_o the_o pole_n or_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n place_v out_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n b._n let_v there_o be_v place_v a_o magnetical_a directory_n needle_n in_o h_n it_o will_v according_a to_o their_o assertion_n tend_v to_o the_o point_n b_o by_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n h_n b_o which_o 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pass_v onward_o there_o will_v be_v a_o variation_n towards_o the_o north-east_n but_o obscure_a and_o little_a then_o afterward_o will_v the_o arch_n of_o this_o variation_n increase_v with_o like_a space_n in_o a_o great_a proportion_n until_o they_o approach_v near_o the_o continent_n where_o they_o shall_v find_v a_o very_a great_a variation_n yet_o before_o they_o come_v a_o shore_n this_o variation_n will_v decrease_v again_o from_o which_o one_o instance_n if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o arch_n of_o variation_n be_v not_o always_o proportionable_a to_o the_o distance_n which_o grant_v quite_o overthrow_v that_o conceit_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o variation_n beside_o this_o if_o there_o be_v two_o such_o magnetical_a pole_n there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o common_a meridian_n pass_v by_o they_o and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o by_o many_o observation_n collect_v and_o observe_v by_o ed._n wright_n and_o other_o there_o shall_v be_v many_o magnetical_a meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o the_o meridian_n about_o trinidado_n and_o bermuda_n the_o meridian_n about_o the_o westermost_a of_o the_o azore_n last_o the_o meridian_n run_v among_o the_o east_n indian_a land_n a_o little_a beyond_o java_n maior_n the_o magnetical_a and_o true_a meridian_n must_v needs_o agree_v in_o one_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o these_o magnetical_a meridian_n pass_n by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o can_v no_o cause_n be_v assign_v why_o the_o magnetical_a pole_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o one_o rather_o than_o another_o and_o if_o in_o any_o then_o in_o all_o whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o as_o many_o magnetical_a meridian_n as_n you_o have_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n so_o many_o pair_n of_o magnetical_a pole_n must_v you_o have_v which_o will_v be_v opposite_a to_o all_o reason_n and_o experience_n 1_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a it_o be_v suppose_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o direction_n and_o variation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o attractive_a point_n which_o draw_v and_o enforce_v the_o lily_n of_o the_o compass_n that_o way_n which_o error_n take_v place_n from_o another_o common-received_n opinion_n that_o all_o the_o other_o motion_n of_o the_o magnet_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o attractive_a operation_n but_o the_o error_n be_v correct_v by_o one_o robert_n norman_n a_o englishman_n who_o find_v this_o point_n to_o be_v respective_a and_o no_o way_n attractive_a who_o reason_n or_o demonstration_n be_v not_o disapprove_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n although_o in_o other_o matter_n he_o sharp_o tax_v he_o his_o experiment_n be_v thus_o let_v there_o be_v a_o round_a vessel_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v full_o of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o water-place_n a_o iron-wier_n in_o a_o convenient_a round_a cork_n or_o 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their_o error_n which_o observe_v it_o arise_v either_o from_o want_n of_o skill_n or_o convenient_a instrument_n neither_o can_v this_o ever_o be_v change_v except_o some_o great_a deluge_n or_o dissolution_n happen_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o land_n as_o plato_n record_v of_o his_o atlantic_a land_n 4_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o proportion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v universal_o but_o common_o for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o will_v it_o have_v truth_n in_o all_o place_n if_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v correspondent_a it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o the_o low-countries_n then_o at_o morocco_n or_o guinea_n for_o at_o guinea_n the_o magnetical_a needle_n incline_v to_o the_o east_n a_o three_o part_n of_o one_o rumbe_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o land_n of_o cape-verde_a half_a in_o the_o coast_n of_o morocco_n two_o three_o part_n in_o england_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o d._n gilbert_n and_o ed._n wright_n though_o some_o deny_v it_o one_o whole_a rumbe_n in_o london_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o it_o eleven_o degree_n and_o more_o which_o we_o also_o find_v or_o thereabouts_o in_o oxford_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o magnetical_a motive_n virtue_n be_v strong_a in_o the_o great_a latitude_n increase_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o large_a region_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o pole_n prevail_v more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v situate_v far_o off_o 12_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o variation_n the_o declination_n be_v a_o magnetical_a motion_n whereby_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n convert_v itself_o under_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a towards_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o direction_n and_o variation_n magnetical_a be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v
place_n whereunto_o the_o arabian_n come_v be_v a_o part_n of_o thessaly_n where_o such_o dwell_v who_o only_o cast_v their_o shadow_n one_o way_n to_o wit_n northward_o but_o arabia_n their_o natural_a country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o shadow_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cast_v both_o way_n they_o be_v say_v to_o wonder_v the_o reason_n why_o our_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n be_v relate_v before_o to_o be_v because_o the_o shadow_n do_v always_o occupy_v or_o possess_v the_o place_n opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n or_o light_a body_n 12_o the_o periscij_fw-la be_v such_o in_o habitant_n who_o shadow_n be_v move_v round_o about_o they_o in_o a_o circular_a form_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o noone-shaddowe_n take_v not_o their_o beginning_n from_o our_o head_n but_o of_o one_o side_n and_o be_v extend_v forward_o to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o terrestrial_a horizon_n and_o so_o move_v round_o about_o the_o opacous_a body_n as_o about_o a_o gnomon_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v periscij_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o man_n have_v shadow_n move_v round_o about_o such_o be_v their_o habitation_n which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n circumscribe_v within_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n here_o the_o sun_n never_o direct_o pass_v by_o the_o crown_n of_o their_o head_n but_o at_o one_o side_n so_o that_o they_o have_v the_o pole_n for_o their_o vertical_a point_n but_o the_o equatour_n as_o it_o be_v for_o their_o horizon_n these_o periscij_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o some_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o in_o the_o antarcticke_a whereof_o both_o be_v as_o yet_o undiscovered_a especial_o the_o antarcticke_a be_v far_o off_o from_o our_o climate_n 1_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o amphiscij_fw-la comprehend_v 7._o parallel_n of_o the_o heteroscij_fw-la 41._o of_o the_o periscij_fw-la 6._o month_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o accident_n of_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o people_n there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o be_v speak_v than_o we_o have_v deliver_v before_o in_o this_o chapter_n nevertheless_o for_o a_o recapitulation_n of_o our_o former_a doctrine_n in_o this_o &_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o insert_v this_o table_n of_o climate_n set_v out_o by_o our_o exact_a geographer_n wherein_o be_v express_v as_o it_o be_v to_o our_o view_n the_o respect_n and_o several_a accident_n which_o belong_v to_o these_o several_a inhabitant_n 13_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n absolute_o consider_v the_o inhabitant_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o according_a to_o their_o position_n be_v the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n 14_o the_o perioeei_n be_v those_o inhabitant_n which_o dwell_v in_o the_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o parallel_n circle_n 15_o the_o antoeci_n be_v such_o as_o dwell_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o in_o diverse_a parallel_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n 16_o the_o antipode_n be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v under_o one_o meridian_n but_o under_o two_o parallel_n equidistant_a from_o the_o equatour_n and_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o those_o parallel_n a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n belong_v to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n pag_n 229._o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o several_a climate_n clime_n parallel_n the_o long_a summer_n day_n how_o scr._n latitude_n &_o elevation_n of_o pole_n scr._n degr._fw-la the_o breadth_n of_o the_o climate_n deg._n scr_n the_o place_n by_o which_o the_o climate_n pass_v  _fw-fr 0_o 0_o 1_o 12_o 0_o 12_o 15_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 18_o 4_o 18_o the_o beginning_n from_o the_o aequatour_n  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 122_o 30_o 1_o 45_o 8_o 34_o 12_o 43_o 8_o 25_o sinus_n arabicus_n or_o the_o red_a sea_n amphiscij_fw-la 2_o 4_o 5_o 13_o 0_o 13_o 15_o 16_o 43_o 20_o 33_o 7_o 50_o meroe_n a_o island_n of_o nilus_n in_o egypt_n  _fw-fr 3_o 6_o 7_o 13_o 40_o 13_o 45_o 23_o 10_o 27_o 36_o 7_o 3_o see_z a_o ciâ—ty_n in_o africa_n  _fw-fr 4_o 8_o 9_o 14_o 0_o 14_o 15_o 30_o 47_o 33_o 45_o 6_o 9_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n  _fw-fr 5_o 10_o 11_o 14_o 30_o 14_o 45_o 36_o 30_o 39_o 2_o 5_o 17_o rhodes_n and_o babylon_n  _fw-fr 6_o 12_o 13_o 15_o 0_o 15_o 15_o 41_o 22_o 4â—_n 3â—_n 4_o 30_o rome_n and_o hellespont_n  _fw-fr 7_o 14_o 15_o 15_o 30_o 15_o 45_o 45_o 29_o 47_o 20_o 3_o 48_o venice_n and_o milan_n  _fw-fr 8_o 16_o 17_o 16_o 0_o 16_o 15_o 49_o 21_o 50_o 33_o 3_o 13_o podalia_n and_o â—he_v lesser_a tartary_n  _fw-fr 9_o 18_o 19_o 16_o 30_o 16_o 45_o 51_o 58_o 53_o 17_o 2_o 44_o batavia_n and_o witâ—enberge_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 17_o 0_o 17_o â—â—_o 54_o â—9_n 55_o â—4_n 2_o 17_o râ—stoch_n 11_o 22_o 23_o 17_o 30_o 17_o 45_o â—â—â—7_n 57_o 34_o 2_o 0_o ireland_n and_o moscovy_n jeteroscij_fw-la 12_o 24_o 25_o 18_o 0_o 18_o 15_o 58_o 26_o 59_o 14_o 1_o 40_o bohus_fw-la a_o castle_n in_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 13_o 26_o 27_o 18_o 30_o 18_o 45_o 59_o 59_o 60_o 40_o 1_o 26_o gothland_n  _fw-fr 14_o 28_o 29_o 19_o 0_o 19_o 15_o 61_o 18_o 61_o 53_o 1_o 13_o bergis_n in_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 15_o 30_o 31_o 19_o 30_o 19_o 45_o 62_o 25_o 62_o 54_o 1_o 0_o wiburge_n in_o finland_n  _fw-fr 16_o 32_o 33_o 20_o 0_o 20_o 15_o 63_o 22_o 63_o 46_o 0_o 52_o arotia_n in_o sweden_n  _fw-fr 17_o 34_o 35â—_n 20_o 30_o 20_o 45_o 64_o 6_o 64_o 30_o 0_o 44_o the_o mouth_n of_o darecally_a a_o river_n of_o sweden_n  _fw-fr 18_o 36_o 37_o 21_o 0_o 21_o 15_o 64_o 49_o 65_o 6_o 0_o 36_o diverse_a place_n of_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 19_o 38_o 39_o 21_o 30_o 21_o 45_o 65_o 21_o 65_o 35_o 0_o 29_o suecia_n alba_n russia_n  _fw-fr 20_o 40_o 41_o 22_o 0_o 22_o 15_o 65_o 47_o 65_o 57_o 0_o 22_o with_o many_o island_n  _fw-fr 21_o 42_o 43_o 22_o â—0_n 22_o 45_o 66_o 6_o 66_o 14_o 0_o 17_o thereunto_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr 22_o 44_o 45_o 23_o 0_o 23_o 15_o 66_o 20_o 66_o 25_o 0_o 11_o want_v special_a name_n  _fw-fr 23_o 46_o 47_o 23_o 30_o 23_o 45_o 66_o 28_o 66_o â—0_n 0_o 5_o and_o landmark_n  _fw-fr 24_o 48_o 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o 0_o 0_o island_n under_o the_o antic_a circle_n  _fw-fr here_z the_o climate_n be_v account_v by_o the_o month_n from_o 66_o degr._fw-la menses_fw-la 1_o 67_o 15_o these_o climate_n be_v suppose_v to_o pass_v by_o diverse_a land_n within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n as_o these_o name_n be_v original_o greek_n be_v take_v from_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o dwell_v of_o one_o nation_n in_o respect_n of_o another_o the_o perioeci_n be_v call_v such_o as_o dwell_v as_o it_o be_v about_o the_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o same_o parallel_n in_o two_o opposite_a point_n the_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o be_v eastern_a the_o other_o western_a so_o that_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o 180_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o semicircle_n where_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o these_o degree_n be_v to_o be_v number_v not_o in_o a_o great_a but_o a_o lesser_a parallel_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o equatour_n for_o they_o which_o be_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o in_o 2_o opposite_a point_n be_v to_o be_v account_v rather_o antipode_n although_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v the_o name_n may_v agree_v the_o antoeci_n as_o the_o name_n import_v be_v such_o as_o dwell_v one_o against_o another_o have_v one_o selfe-same_a meridian_n and_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o equatour_n the_o one_o in_o the_o northern_a the_o other_o in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n the_o antipode_n otherwise_o call_v antichthones_n may_v popular_o be_v describe_v to_o be_v such_o as_o dwell_v foot_n to_o foot_n one_o against_o the_o other_o so_o that_o a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o will_v pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o precise_o be_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o 1800_o in_o a_o great_a circle_n wherein_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o perioeci_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o lesser_a circle_n such_o compare_v one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v the_o american_n and_o the_o eastern_a indian_n about_o the_o river_n ganges_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o peru_n and_o calecute_v those_o of_o peria_n &_o summatra_n to_o england_n i_o find_v no_o other_o antipode_n but_o the_o sea_n or_o at_o least_o some_o parcel_n of_o land_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n near_o psittacorum_n regio_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o former_a definition_n of_o antipode_n give_v by_o the_o ancient_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o know_v habitable_a
into_o mile_n the_o reason_n may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o figure_n we_o will_v imagine_v of_o to_o be_v the_o lesser_a eglantine_n the_o great_a latitude_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n fg_v which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o be_v part_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n will_v make_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o that_o distance_n for_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v two_o city_n of_o england_n oxford_n and_o york_n the_o latitude_n oxford_n we_o take_v to_o be_v 31_o degree_n 30_o minute_n of_o york_n 54_o degree_n 30_o minute_n the_o lesser_a latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a there_o will_v remain_v three_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v render_v 180_o italian-mile_n the_o distance_n of_o these_o two_o place_n 2_o if_o two_o place_n in_o latitude_n only_o distant_a be_v situate_a in_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n add_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a sum_n shall_v be_v the_o distance_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o former_a diagram_n imagine_v as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n bd_o to_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o those_o distant_a place_n and_o ac_fw-la the_o equatour_n we_o will_v suppose_v the_o one_o place_n to_o be_v situate_a towards_o the_o north_n pole_n as_o g_z the_o other_z towards_o the_o south_n as_o in_o h_n then_o as_o appear_v by_o sense_n will_v the_o distance_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n gh_o whereof_o ge_n and_o eh_n be_v part_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o those_o part_n add_v together_o make_v the_o whole_a distance_n for_o example_n we_o will_v take_v bellograde_a in_o europe_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n which_o have_v near_o the_o same_o longitude_n to_o wit_n 48_o degree_n 30_o minute_n but_o they_o differ_v in_o latitude_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o former_a have_v of_o the_o northern_a latitude_n 44_o degree_n 30_o minute_n the_o other_o of_o southern_a latitude_n about_o 35_o degree_n 30_o minute_n these_o two_o number_n add_v together_o will_v make_v 80_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v produce_v 4800_o mile_n the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n 9_o hitherto_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n which_o be_v uniform_a that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o such_o as_o differ_v either_o only_a in_o longitude_n or_o only_o in_o latitude_n we_o be_v next_o to_o consider_v of_o such_o distance_n as_o be_v various_a wherein_o the_o place_n differ_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 10_o the_o invention_n of_o such_o a_o distance_n may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n either_o abstractive_o by_o the_o resolution_n of_o triangle_n or_o else_o mechanical_o by_o instrument_n the_o former_a again_o may_v be_v two_o way_n either_o by_o the_o right-line_n triangle_n or_o by_o the_o spherical_a the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o rigt-line_n triangle_n depend_v on_o these_o follow_a proposition_n declare_v two_o way_n of_o invention_n 11_o the_o first_o be_v by_o a_o rectangle_n triangle_n bare_o consider_v by_o itself_o according_a to_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o square_a root_n of_o the_o number_n make_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o two_o place_n distant_a will_v show_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v take_v from_o the_o 27_o proposition_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n where_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o square_a of_o the_o hypotenusa_fw-la or_o great_a side_n of_o a_o rectangle_n triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o two_o square_n make_v of_o the_o two_o other_o side_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v will_v lend_v a_o easy_a light_n to_o this_o proposition_n to_o perform_v which_o we_o must_v first_o take_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o make_v one_o side_n of_o this_o triangle_n then_o we_o must_v observe_v also_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v another_o side_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a by_o the_o former_a proposition_n of_o euclid_n that_o the_o square_n of_o these_o two_o side_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o hypotenusâ—_n or_o three_o side_n which_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o and_o express_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o those_o place_n wherefore_o we_o must_v first_o multiply_v these_o two_o side_n in_o themselves_o whence_o they_o will_v become_v square_n 2._o we_o must_v add_v they_o together_o 3_o we_o must_v out_o of_o the_o total_a extract_n the_o quadrat_fw-la root_n which_o will_v show_v the_o distance_n as_o suppose_v according_a to_o this_o figure_n two_o city_n distant_a and_o differ_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n whereof_o the_o one_o shall_v have_v in_o longitude_n 21_o degree_n in_o latitude_n 58_o the_o other_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v in_o longitude_n 26_o degree_n in_o latitude_n 52._o here_o first_o i_o subtract_v the_o less_o longitude_n out_o of_o the_o great_a to_o wit_n 21_o out_o of_o 26_o and_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v 5_o which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v one_o side_n of_o the_o rectangle_n triangle_n then_o likewise_o i_o subtract_v the_o less_o latitude_n as_o 52_o out_o of_o 58_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v 6_o which_o i_o make_v the_o other_o side_n of_o my_o triangle_n which_o do_v i_o multiply_v 6_o in_o itself_o and_o it_o make_v 36_o which_o be_v the_o square_a of_o one_o side_n then_o i_o multiply_v 5_o in_o itself_o and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 25_o the_o square_a on_o the_o other_o side_n these_o two_o square_n add_v together_o by_o the_o foresay_a proposition_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o hypoteneus_fw-la orthird_n side_n 61_o whereof_o the_o square_a root_n be_v extract_v will_v show_v the_o side_n itself_o which_o will_v be_v 7_o 7_o 25_o which_o be_v the_o distance_n if_o any_o man_n desire_v to_o know_v this_o distance_n according_a to_o mile_n he_o must_v 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geographer_n to_o observe_v in_o those_o matter_n shall_v general_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o wood_n in_o these_o day_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a nor_o so_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n we_o can_v imagine_v otherwise_o then_o that_o the_o earth_n soon_o upon_o the_o flood_n bear_v in_o her_o womb_n the_o seed_n of_o all_o vegetal_n be_v inward_o moisten_v and_o outward_o comfort_v with_o heat_n shall_v present_o abound_v with_o plant_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o so_o much_o as_o in_o a_o short_a time_n each_o thing_n propagate_a itself_o by_o communication_n of_o his_o own_o seed_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v overgrow_v as_o one_o forest_n but_o afterward_o as_o man_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o multiply_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o wood_n and_o thicket_n begin_v to_o suffer_v chastisement_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o laborious_a husbandry_n for_o first_o to_o open_v a_o passage_n from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o and_o that_o some_o parcel_n of_o 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