emulation_n betwixt_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n 50_o the_o citizen_n oration_n to_o the_o senate_n 51_o new_a reformation_n 53_o gregory_n the_o 11_o hold_v his_o residence_n at_o avignon_n ib._n new_a commission_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n ib._n a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o guelf_n 54_o the_o conspiracy_n defeat_v ib._n the_o speech_n of_o salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n 55_o the_o balia_n ib._n reformation_n again_o 56_o luigi_n guicciardini_n be_v oration_n ib._n new_a trouble_n 57_o the_o speech_n of_o a_o plebeian_n 58_o the_o people_n rise_v again_o 59_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o people_n 60_o michaele_n di_fw-fr lando_n a_o carder_n of_o wool_n ib._n michael_n overcome_v the_o multitude_n 62_o the_o popular_a faction_n distinguish_v from_o the_o plebeian_n ib._n another_o reformation_n 64_o the_o commons_o expel_v from_o the_o government_n 65_o michael_n lando_n imprison_v ib._n benedetto_n speech_n to_o his_o friend_n upon_o his_o go_v into_o banishment_n ib._n he_o die_v at_o rhodes_n 66_o very_fw-la de_fw-la medici_n be_v speech_n to_o the_o senate_n 67_o donato_n acciaivoli_n confine_v 68_o a_o new_a conspiracy_n defeat_v ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n practice_n against_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n 69_o several_a family_n banish_v ib._n the_o king_n of_o naples_n die_v ib._n book_n iu._n peace_n betwixt_o florence_n and_o milan_n 72_o imola_n take_v by_o the_o duke_n philip_n 73_o the_o florentine_n overthrow_v ib._n rinaldo_n albizi_n exhortation_n to_o be_v quiet_a 74_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n be_v reply_n to_o rinaldo_n 75_o the_o faction_n of_o urano_n and_o the_o medici_n 76_o the_o great_a courage_n of_o biagio_fw-it del_fw-it milano_n ib._n the_o cowardice_n of_o zenobi_fw-la del_fw-it pino_n ib._n piccinino_n revolt_v 77_o carmignuola_n general_n of_o the_o league_n ib._n peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n 78_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o his_o son_n at_o his_o death_n ib_n cosimo_n heir_n to_o his_o father_n 79_o volterra_n revolt_n ib._n recover_v again_o by_o the_o florentine_n ib._n rinaldo_n persuade_v to_o war_n with_o lucca_n 80_o urano_n oppose_v it_o ib._n the_o cruelty_n of_o astorre_n 81_o rinaldo_n accuse_v 82_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o ten_o 83_o pagolo_n lord_n of_o lucca_n depose_v 84_o the_o florentine_n defeat_v ib._n peace_n between_o the_o florentine_n and_o the_o lucchesi_n ib._n florence_n in_o confusion_n 85_o cosimo_n medici_n depose_v and_o imprison_v 87_o federigo_n speech_n to_o cosimo_n his_o prisoner_n ib._n cosimo_n banish_v 88_o rinaldo_n speech_n to_o his_o friend_n ib._n eugenius_n the_o pope_n labour_v a_o peace_n 90_o cosimo_n recall_v ib._n rinaldo_n answer_n to_o the_o pope_n ib._n book_n v._n the_o soldier_n in_o italy_n distinguish_v into_o two_o party_n 93_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n promise_v his_o daughter_n to_o count_n francis_n sforza_n ib._n the_o pope_n invade_v make_v peace_n with_o sforza_n ib._n war_n in_o romagna_n ib._n sforza_n general_n of_o the_o pope_n league_n 94_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n ib._n new_a ordinance_n in_o florence_n ib._n alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n defeat_v by_o the_o genoeses_n and_o bring_v prisoner_n to_o duke_n philip_n 95_o the_o duke_n and_o his_o authority_n in_o genoa_n ib._n genoa_n deliver_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n 96_o how_o it_o recover_v its_o liberty_n again_o ib._n rinaldo_n oration_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n ib._n the_o speech_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o lucca_n to_o the_o people_n 98_o controversy_n between_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a church_n 102_o determine_v at_o florence_n by_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o greek_a ib._n the_o pope_n delude_v and_o his_o country_n invade_v by_o nich._n piccinino_n 103_o the_o speech_n of_o neri_n a_o citizen_n of_o florence_n to_o the_o venetian_a senate_n 104_o nicolo_n piccinino_n defeat_v by_o count_n sforza_n 106_o he_o escape_v to_o fenna_n and_o from_o thence_o very_o strange_o to_o his_o army_n ib._n verona_n surprise_v by_o nicolo_n 107_o recover_v again_o by_o the_o count_n ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n encourage_v in_o his_o expedition_n into_o tuscany_n by_o nicolo_n and_o the_o florentine_a exile_n 108_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n general_n for_o the_o pope_n ib._n the_o pope_n discover_v intelligence_n between_o the_o patriarch_n and_o nicolo_n and_o resolve_v to_o secure_v he_o ib._n be_v secure_v by_o antonio_n governor_n of_o the_o castle_n at_o rome_n and_o die_v 109_o commissioner_n from_o the_o venetian_n to_o the_o count_n ib._n nicolo_n make_v a_o diversion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o florence_n the_o count_n desirous_a to_o follow_v he_o but_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o venetian_n ib._n of_o nicolo_n proceed_v after_o he_o leave_v lombardy_n 110_o 111_o nicolo_n practice_n to_o surprise_v crotona_n 112_o brescia_n relieve_v by_o the_o venetian_n ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n fleet_n defeat_v by_o the_o venetian_n ib._n nicolo_n engage_v the_o florentine_n at_o anghiari_n and_o be_v defeat_v by_o they_o ib._n the_o speech_n of_o count_n poppi_n to_o the_o florentine_a commissary_n 114_o neri_n answer_n ib._n book_n vi._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n propose_v a_o peace_n to_o count_n sforza_n and_o offer_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o count_n 116_o the_o ingratitude_n of_o the_o venetian_n ib._n micheletto_n general_n for_o the_o league_n ib._n nicolo_n insolence_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n 117_o peace_n between_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o count_n sforza_n ib._n naples_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n 118_o florence_n reform_v 119_o nicolo_n piccinino_n die_v of_o grief_n a_o courageous_a but_o unfortunate_a general_n ib._n a_o new_a war_n in_o lombardy_n 121_o count_n sforza_n court_v by_o all_o party_n ib._n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n die_v ib._n the_o count_n make_v general_n for_o the_o milanesi_n 122_o the_o venetian_n ambitious_a of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n ib._n alphonso_n invade_v the_o florentine_n ib._n retreats_z out_o of_o tuscany_n 123_o the_o venetian_n fall_v upon_o count_n sforza_n in_o his_o trench_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o caravaggio_n and_o be_v total_o rout_v by_o the_o count_n 124_o peace_n between_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o count_n by_o which_o the_o venetian_n be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v the_o count_n in_o his_o obtain_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n 125_o a_o oration_n make_v by_o one_o of_o the_o milan_n ambassador_n to_o the_o count_n ib._n the_o count_n answer_n 126_o cosimo_n de_fw-fr medici_n a_o friend_n to_o the_o count_n 127_o the_o venetian_n assist_v the_o milanesi_n against_o the_o count_n 128_o the_o milanesi_n reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n by_o sforza_n ib._n milan_n deliver_v to_o sforza_n and_o he_o make_v duke_n thereof_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o florentine_n 129_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o the_o venetian_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n ib._n their_o embassy_n to_o the_o florentine_n ib._n the_o florentine_n answer_n ib._n the_o florentine_n prepare_v war_n 130_o federigo_n the_o emperor_n come_v into_o italy_n to_o be_v crown_v and_o enter_v florence_n ib._n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n invade_v tuscany_n ib._n the_o strange_a conceit_n and_o undertake_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n 131_o peace_n between_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o venetian_n ib._n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n enter_v into_o the_o league_n 134_o the_o pope_n solicit_v a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n ib._n a_o prodigious_a tempest_n ib._n the_o genoesi_n invade_v by_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n 135_o genoa_n deliver_v to_o the_o french_a ib_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n die_v ib._n calisto_n the_o three_o die_v and_o pius_n the_o second_o choose_v pope_n 136_o the_o genoesi_n revolt_n from_o the_o french_a ib._n naples_n invade_v by_o giovanni_n d'_fw-fr angio_n ib._n the_o king_n of_o naples_n defeat_v ib._n he_o recruit_n his_o army_n fights_z and_o defeat_v giovanni_n ib._n giovanni_n be_v defeat_v and_o desert_v of_o his_o soldier_n fly_v into_o france_n ib._n book_n vii_o cosimo_n de_fw-fr medici_n and_o neri_n capponi_n the_o two_o great_a citizen_n in_o florence_n 138_o cosimo_n die_v 139_o his_o child_n riches_n honour_n and_o action_n describe_v 139_o 140_o 141_o giacopo_n piccinino_n murder_v 142_o francisco_n sforza_n duke_n of_o milan_n die_v 144._o the_o florentine_n invade_v by_o the_o venetian_n 148_o peace_n between_o the_o florentine_n and_o venetian_n 149_o piero_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o the_o florentine_n ib._n his_o death_n 150_o thomaso_n soderini_n in_o great_a favour_n with_o the_o florentine_n ib._n lorenzo_n and_o guiliano_n de_fw-fr medici_n make_v prince_n of_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n ib._n a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o nardi_n 151_o bernardo_n defeat_v and_o take_v 152_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n in_o florence_n ib._n tumult_n in_o volterra_n ib._n volterra_fw-mi surrender_v and_o sack_v 183_o italy_n in_o two_o faction_n 154_o
they_o admonish_v beside_o the_o whole_a family_n of_o the_o alberti_n ricci_n and_o medici_n for_o ten_o year_n except_o only_o some_o few_o among_o those_o of_o the_o alberti_n which_o be_v not_o admonish_v antonio_n be_v one_o be_v esteem_v a_o quiet_a and_o a_o peaceable_a man_n their_o jealousy_n of_o this_o plot_n be_v not_o yet_o out_o oâ—t_v their_o head_n a_o monk_n happen_v to_o be_v apprehend_v who_o have_v be_v observe_v whilst_o the_o conspiracy_n be_v on_o foot_n to_o have_v pass_v many_o time_n betwixt_o bologna_n and_o florence_n and_o he_o confess_v he_o have_v frequent_o bring_v letter_n to_o antonio_n antonio_n be_v take_v into_o custody_n deny_v it_o obstinate_o at_o first_o but_o be_v confront_v by_o the_o monk_n and_o the_o charge_v justify_v against_o he_o he_o be_v fine_v in_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o banish_v three_o hundred_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o always_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o the_o alberti_n they_o decree_v that_o none_o of_o that_o family_n above_o 15_o year_n of_o age_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o town_n 1400._o these_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1400_o two_o year_n after_o giovan_n galezo_n duke_n of_o milan_n die_v who_o death_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o put_v a_o end_n to_o a_o war_n that_o have_v be_v prosecute_v for_o twelve_o year_n after_o which_o the_o government_n have_v extend_v its_o authority_n and_o all_o thing_n at_o quiet_a both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n they_o undertake_v the_o enterprise_n of_o pisa_n which_o succeed_v so_o well_o they_o take_v the_o town_n very_o honourable_o and_o enjoy_v that_o and_o the_o rest_n very_o peaceable_o till_o the_o year_n 1433._o only_o in_o the_o year_n 1412_o the_o alberti_n have_v transgress_v against_o the_o term_n of_o their_o banishment_n a_o new_a balia_n be_v erect_v new_a provision_n make_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o state_n and_o new_a imposition_n inflict_v upon_o that_o family_n about_o this_o time_n die_v the_o florentine_n have_v war_n likewise_o against_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n which_o end_v in_o the_o year_n 1416_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o that_o king_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n find_v himself_o too_o weak_a he_o have_v give_v the_o city_n of_o cortona_n to_o the_o florentine_n of_o which_o he_o be_v lord_n but_o afterward_o recover_v more_o strength_n he_o renew_v his_o war_n with_o they_o and_o manage_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dangerous_a than_o the_o former_a and_o have_v not_o his_o death_n determine_v it_o as_o the_o other_o be_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n doubtless_o he_o have_v bring_v florence_n into_o as_o great_a exigence_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n will_v have_v do_v and_o endanger_v if_o not_o ruin_v its_o liberty_n nor_o do_v their_o war_n with_o this_o king_n conclude_v with_o less_o good_a fortune_n than_o the_o other_o for_o when_o he_o have_v take_v rome_n sienna_n la_o marka_o and_o romagna_fw-la and_o nothing_o remain_v but_o florence_n to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n with_o his_o whole_a force_n into_o lombardy_n he_o die_v so_o that_o death_n be_v always_o a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o florentine_n and_o do_v more_o to_o preserve_v they_o than_o all_o their_o own_o conduct_n or_o courage_n can_v do_v from_o the_o death_n of_o this_o king_n this_o city_n remain_v at_o peace_n both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n eight_o year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o term_n their_o war_n with_o philip_n duke_n of_o milan_n revive_v their_o faction_n which_o can_v never_o be_v suppress_v but_o with_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o state_n which_o have_v govern_v from_o the_o year_n 1371_o to_o 1434_o with_o much_o honour_n and_o maintain_v many_o war_n with_o much_o advantage_n have_v add_v to_o their_o dominion_n arezzo_n pisa_n cortona_n livorno_n and_o monte_fw-fr pulciano_n and_o doubtless_o will_v have_v extend_v it_o far_o have_v the_o city_n be_v unanimous_a and_o the_o old_a humour_n not_o be_v rub_v up_o and_o revive_v as_o in_o the_o next_o book_n shall_v be_v more_o particular_o relate_v the_o history_n of_o florence_n book_n iu._n all_o city_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o constitute_v under_o the_o title_n of_o common_a wealth_n do_v sometime_o or_o other_o alter_v their_o government_n yet_o not_o as_o many_o think_v by_o mean_n of_o liberty_n and_o subjection_n but_o by_o occasion_n of_o servitude_n and_o licentiousness_n for_o only_o the_o name_n of_o liberty_n be_v pretend_v by_o popular_a person_n such_o as_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o licentiousness_n and_o servitude_n be_v seek_v for_o by_o those_o that_o be_v noble_a neither_o of_o they_o both_o desire_v to_o be_v restrain_v either_o by_o law_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o nevertheless_o when_o it_o do_v happen_v as_o it_o happen_v but_o seldom_o that_o a_o city_n have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o produce_v and_o advance_v some_o wise_a honest_a and_o potent_a citizen_n by_o who_o the_o law_n may_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o humour_n and_o emulation_n betwixt_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o people_n if_o not_o perfect_o compose_v may_v be_v yet_o so_o well_o circumscribe_v and_o correct_v that_o they_o may_v be_v check_v from_o break_v forth_o to_o its_o prejudice_n then_o it_o be_v that_o city_n may_v be_v call_v free_a and_o that_o state_n pronounce_v itself_o durable_a for_o be_v found_v upon_o good_a law_n and_o order_n at_o first_o it_o have_v not_o that_o necessity_n of_o good_a man_n to_o maintain_v it_o of_o such_o law_n and_o principle_n many_o common_a wealth_n be_v ancient_o constitute_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n other_o have_v want_v and_o do_v still_o want_v they_o which_o have_v frequent_o occasion_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o government_n from_o tyranny_n to_o licentiousness_n and_o from_o licentiousness_n to_o tyranny_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o powerful_a animosity_n in_o all_o of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o nor_o can_v be_v possible_a they_o shall_v be_v of_o any_o duration_n one_o digust_v the_o good_a and_o the_o other_o the_o wise._n one_o do_v mischief_n with_o ease_n and_o the_o other_o good_a with_o difficulty_n in_o this_o the_o insolent_a have_v too_o much_o authority_n in_o another_o the_o sot_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o both_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v support_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o fortune_n and_o valour_n of_o some_o eminent_a man_n though_o he_o may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o death_n or_o make_v unserviceable_a by_o misfortune_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o government_n which_o flourish_v in_o florence_n from_o the_o death_n of_o giorgio_n scali_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o year_n 1381_o be_v support_v first_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o muso_n di_fw-it gli_fw-it albizi_n and_o afterward_o by_o nicolo_n uzano_n this_o city_n from_o the_o year_n 1414_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 22_o remain_v quiet_a king_n ladisâ—ans_v be_v dead_a and_o lombardy_n divide_v into_o several_a canton_n so_o that_o neither_o abroad_o nor_o at_o home_o have_v they_o the_o least_o cause_n of_o apprehension_n the_o next_o citizen_n in_o authority_n to_o nicolo_n uzano_n be_v bartolmeo_n valori_n nerone_n de_fw-fr nigi_n rinaldo_n de_fw-fr gli_fw-la albizi_n neri_n di_fw-fr gino_n and_o lapo_n nicolini_n the_o faction_n which_o spring_v from_o the_o animosity_n betwixt_o the_o albizi_n and_o the_o ricci_n which_o be_v with_o so_o much_o mischief_n revive_v afterward_o by_o salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n can_v never_o be_v extinguish_v and_o although_o that_o which_o be_v most_o general_o succour_v prevail_v but_o three_o year_n and_o be_v afterward_o depress_v yet_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n have_v imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o their_o humour_n as_o can_v never_o be_v wrought_v out_o true_a it_o be_v the_o frequent_a exprobration_n and_o constant_a persecution_n of_o the_o head_n of_o that_o party_n from_o the_o year_n 1381_o to_o 1400_o have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o nothing_o the_o first_o family_n which_o be_v persecute_v as_o the_o chief_a of_o that_o faction_n be_v the_o alberti_n ricci_n and_o medici_n who_o be_v robe_v of_o their_o man_n as_o well_o as_o their_o money_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o city_n their_o employment_n and_o dignity_n be_v most_o certain_o take_v from_o they_o which_o usage_n have_v indeed_o debase_v that_o party_n and_o almost_o consume_v it_o however_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o injury_n receive_v and_o a_o secret_a desire_n of_o be_v revenge_v lay_v close_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o many_o of_o they_o and_o have_v no_o opportunity_n to_o show_v it_o they_o keep_v it_o private_a to_o themselves_o those_o of_o the_o popular_a nobility_n who_o govern_v the_o city_n so_o quiet_o commit_v two_o error_n which_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o their_o government_n
refuge_n the_o florentine_n have_v in_o their_o necessity_n be_v to_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n determine_a to_o give_v the_o duchess_n so_o much_o employment_n of_o her_o own_o that_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v at_o leisure_n to_o send_v they_o any_o relief_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o prospero_n adorno_n the_o signore_v roberto_n and_o the_o sforzi_n which_o be_v banish_v he_o wrought_v so_o that_o genoa_n rebel_v nevertheless_o the_o little_a castle_n remain_v firm_a to_o the_o young_a duke_n and_o the_o duchess_n send_v force_n to_o they_o to_o recover_v the_o town_n but_o they_o be_v overthrow_v whereupon_o consider_v with_o herself_o the_o danger_n which_o may_v accrue_v both_o to_o her_o son_n and_o herself_o if_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v continue_v all_o tuscany_n be_v embroil_v and_o the_o florentine_n in_o distress_n she_o resolve_v see_v she_o can_v not_o retain_v genoa_n as_o a_o subject_a that_o she_o will_v have_v it_o as_o a_o friend_n and_o agree_v with_o battistino_n fregosi_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o prospero_n adorno_n to_o deliver_v he_o the_o castle_n and_o make_v he_o prince_n of_o genoa_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v drive_v out_o prospero_n and_o give_v the_o sforzi_n no_o assistance_n nor_o protection_n after_o all_o be_v conclude_v betwixt_o they_o the_o castle_n be_v surrender_v and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o that_o and_o his_o party_n battistino_n reduce_v genoa_n and_o according_a to_o their_o custom_n make_v himself_o dogue_n the_o sforzi_n and_o signore_v roberto_n be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o town_n they_o pass_v with_o their_o follower_n into_o lunigiana_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n see_v the_o trouble_n in_o lombardy_n compose_v take_v occasion_n to_o infest_v tuscany_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o pisa_n with_o those_o person_n which_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o genoa_n suppose_v by_o divide_v and_o divert_v their_o force_n to_o weaken_v the_o florentine_n whereupon_o the_o summer_n approach_v they_o prevail_v with_o the_o signore_v roberto_n to_o march_v with_o his_o squadron_n from_o lunigiana_n into_o the_o country_n of_o pisa_n roberto_n put_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o confusion_n take_v several_a castle_n from_o the_o pisans_n and_o plunder_v they_o and_o make_v his_o excursion_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o pisa_n itself_o about_o this_o time_n ambassador_n arrive_v at_o florence_n from_o the_o emperor_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n who_o from_o their_o several_a prince_n be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n persuade_v the_o florentine_n to_o send_v ambassador_n also_o and_o promise_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n with_o he_o to_o conclude_v all_o their_o difference_n with_o a_o honourable_a peace_n the_o florentine_n consent_v as_o well_o to_o excuse_v themselves_o to_o the_o world_n as_o that_o they_o be_v real_o desirous_a of_o it_o have_v send_v therefore_o their_o ambassador_n they_o return_v as_o they_o go_v without_o any_o accommodation_n and_o the_o florentine_n find_v themselves_o abuse_v or_o abandon_v by_o the_o italian_n resolve_v to_o try_v if_o they_o can_v gain_v themselves_o any_o reputation_n by_o a_o alliance_n with_o france_n florentines_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o send_v as_o their_o ambassador_n donato_n acciaivoli_n a_o person_n well_o skilled_a both_o in_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n who_o ancestor_n have_v always_o bear_v great_a office_n in_o that_o state_n but_o be_v arrive_v at_o milan_n in_o his_o journey_n he_o die_v and_o florence_n in_o honour_n to_o his_o memory_n and_o remuneration_n to_o his_o child_n bury_v he_o magnificent_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n give_v his_o son_n considerable_a exemption_n and_o his_o daughter_n such_o portion_n as_o will_v marry_v they_o like_o themselves_o and_o send_v giud_v '_o antonio_n vespucci_n a_o man_n well_o verse_v in_o the_o imperial_a and_o pontifical_a law_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o his_o place_n the_o inroad_n signore_v roberto_n have_v make_v into_o the_o country_n of_o pisa_n as_o all_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a thing_n do_v give_v the_o florentine_n no_o little_a distraction_n for_o the_o war_n lie_v heavy_a upon_o they_o in_o the_o country_n of_o sienna_n they_o can_v not_o see_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o on_o the_o other_o side_n however_o they_o send_v officer_n and_o all_o other_o provision_n to_o reinforce_v the_o city_n of_o pisa_n and_o that_o they_o may_v keep_v the_o lucchesi_n from_o assist_v the_o enemy_n with_o money_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o they_o send_v gino_n capponi_n as_o their_o ambassador_n to_o they_o but_o he_o be_v receive_v so_o ill_o out_o of_o a_o ancient_a enmity_n to_o the_o people_n of_o florence_n upon_o former_a injury_n receive_v and_o a_o constant_a apprehension_n to_o they_o that_o he_o be_v many_o time_n in_o danger_n of_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o multitude_n so_o that_o his_o journey_n produce_v new_a quarrel_n rather_o than_o new_a quiet_a and_o thereupon_o the_o florentine_n call_v back_o the_o marquis_n of_o ferrara_n entertain_v the_o marquis_n of_o mantova_n into_o their_o pay_n and_o with_o great_a importunity_n desire_v of_o the_o venetian_n count_n carlo_n the_o son_n of_o braccio_n and_o deifebo_n the_o son_n of_o count_n giacopo_n who_o after_o several_a scruple_n and_o demur_n be_v send_v to_o they_o for_o have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o turk_n and_o no_o pretence_n leave_v to_o excuse_v themselves_o they_o be_v ashamed_a to_o braek_v faith_n with_o the_o league_n carlo_n therefore_o and_o deifebo_n be_v come_v with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o join_v to_o what_o force_v they_o can_v convenient_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o marquis_n of_o ferrara_n army_n which_o attend_v the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n they_o march_v towards_o pisa_n in_o quest_n of_o signore_fw-la roberto_n who_o be_v post_v with_o his_o army_n near_o the_o river_n serchio_n and_o think_v at_o first_o he_o make_v a_o show_n of_o expect_v our_o army_n yet_o upon_o second_o thought_n he_o remove_v and_o retire_v into_o the_o country_n of_o lunigiana_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n where_o he_o lay_v before_o his_o expedition_n to_o pisa._n upon_o his_o departure_n count_n carlo_n repossess_v himself_o of_o all_o the_o enemy_n have_v take_v in_o that_o country_n and_o the_o florentine_n be_v clear_a on_o that_o side_n draw_v all_o their_o force_n into_o one_o body_n betwixt_o colle_n and_o santo_n giminiano_n but_o upon_o carlo_n conjunction_n there_o be_v several_a of_o the_o sforzeschi_n and_o the_o bracceschi_n in_o the_o army_n the_o old_a feud_n begin_v to_o revive_v and_o it_o be_v believe_v have_v they_o stay_v long_o together_o they_o have_v fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n to_o prevent_v these_o inconvenience_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o divide_v the_o army_n that_o count_n carlo_n shall_v march_v with_o his_o force_n into_o the_o country_n of_o perugia_n and_o the_o rest_n fortify_v and_o entrench_v themselves_o at_o poggibonzi_n to_o obstruct_v the_o enemy_n from_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o florence_n by_o this_o division_n they_o suppose_v likewise_o the_o enemy_n will_v be_v force_v to_o divide_v for_o they_o think_v that_o either_o count_n carlo_n will_v take_v perugia_n where_o he_o have_v a_o great_a party_n as_o they_o believe_v or_o that_o the_o pope_n will_v be_v constrain_v to_o send_v a_o good_a body_n of_o man_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o to_o drive_v his_o holiness_n into_o great_a necessity_n they_o order_v nicolo_n vitelli_n who_o have_v leave_v castello_n where_o lorenzo_n his_o enemy_n be_v predominant_a with_o what_o force_n he_o can_v make_v to_o approach_v the_o town_n to_o drive_v out_o his_o adversary_n if_o he_o can_v and_o keep_v it_o against_o the_o pope_n at_o first_o fortune_n seem_v to_o incline_v to_o the_o florentine_n count_n carlo_n advance_v strange_o in_o the_o country_n of_o perugia_n nicolo_n vitelli_n though_o he_o can_v not_o get_v into_o the_o town_n of_o castello_n yet_o he_o be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o plunder_v round_o about_o it_o without_o any_o contradiction_n and_o those_o force_n which_o be_v encamp_v at_o poggibonzi_n make_v their_o excursion_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o sienna_n but_o at_o last_o all_o their_o hope_n come_v to_o nothing_o for_o first_o count_n carlo_n die_v in_o the_o very_a height_n of_o their_o expectation_n who_o death_n have_v nevertheless_o much_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o florentine_n have_v they_o know_v how_o to_o have_v improve_v the_o victory_n which_o it_o produce_v for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o death_n of_o count_n carlo_n know_v but_o the_o pope_n army_n be_v all_o together_o in_o perugia_n conceive_v great_a hope_n of_o overpower_v the_o florentine_n take_v the_o field_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o lake_n within_o three_o mile_n of_o the_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o side_n giacopo_n guicciardini_n at_o that_o time_n commissary_n of_o the_o army_n by_o the_o advice_n
a_o power_n may_v grow_v odious_a to_o the_o people_n he_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o province_n in_o which_o every_o city_n have_v its_o advocate_n and_o a_o excellent_a person_n be_v appoint_v to_o preside_v and_o because_o he_o discover_v that_o his_o pass_a â—verity_n have_v create_v he_o many_o enemy_n to_o remove_v that_o ill_a opinion_n and_o recover_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o show_v that_o if_o any_o cruelty_n have_v be_v exercise_v it_o proceed_v not_o from_o he_o but_o from_o the_o arrogance_n of_o his_o minister_n and_o for_o their_o further_a confirmation_n he_o cause_v the_o say_a governor_n to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o his_o head_n chop_v off_o one_o morning_n in_o the_o market_n place_n at_o cesena_n with_o a_o wooden_a dagger_n on_o one_o side_n of_o he_o and_o a_o bloody_a knife_n on_o the_o other_o the_o ferocity_n of_o which_o spectacle_n not_o only_o appease_v but_o amaze_v the_o people_n for_o a_o while_n but_o reassume_v our_o discourse_n i_o say_v the_o duke_n find_v himself_o powerful_a enough_o and_o secure_a against_o present_a danger_n be_v himself_o as_o strong_a as_o he_o desire_v and_o his_o neighbour_n in_o a_o manner_n reduce_v to_o a_o incapacity_n of_o hurt_v he_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v on_o with_o his_o conquest_n there_o remain_v nothing_o but_o a_o jealousy_n of_o france_n and_o not_o without_o cause_n for_o he_o know_v that_o king_n have_v find_v his_o error_n at_o last_o and_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o obstruct_v he_o hereupon_o he_o begin_v to_o look_v abroad_o for_o new_a ally_n and_o to_o haesitate_n and_o stagger_v towards_o france_n as_o appear_v when_o the_o french_a army_n advance_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n against_o the_o spaniard_n who_o have_v besiege_v cajeta_fw-la his_o great_a design_n be_v to_o secure_v himself_o against_o the_o french_a and_o he_o have_v doubtless_o do_v it_o if_o alexander_n have_v live_v these_o be_v his_o provision_n against_o the_o danger_n that_o be_v imminent_a but_o those_o that_o be_v remote_a be_v more_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a the_o first_o thing_n he_o fear_v be_v lest_o the_o next_o pope_n shall_v be_v his_o enemy_n &_o reassume_v all_o that_o alexander_n have_v give_v he_o to_o prevent_v which_o he_o propose_v four_o several_a way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o destroy_v the_o whole_a line_n of_o those_o lord_n who_o he_o have_v dispossess_v that_o his_o holiness_n may_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o restore_v they_o the_o second_o be_v to_o cajole_v the_o nobility_n in_o rome_n and_o draw_v they_o over_o to_o his_o party_n that_o thereby_o he_o may_v put_v a_o awe_n and_o restraint_n upon_o the_o pope_n the_o three_o be_v if_o possible_a to_o make_v the_o college_n his_o friend_n the_o four_o be_v to_o make_v himself_o so_o strong_a before_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v upon_o his_o own_o leg_n and_o repel_v the_o first_o violence_n that_o shall_v be_v practise_v against_o he_o three_o of_o these_o four_o expedient_n he_o have_v try'dâ—before_n alexander_n die_v and_o be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n for_o the_o four_o all_o the_o disseize_v lord_n which_o come_v into_o his_o clutch_n he_o put_v to_o death_n and_o leave_v few_o of_o they_o remain_v he_o have_v insinuate_v with_o the_o nobility_n of_o rome_n and_o get_v a_o great_a party_n in_o the_o college_n of_o cardinal_n and_o as_o to_o his_o own_o corroboration_n he_o have_v design_v to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o tuscany_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o perugia_n and_o piombino_n already_o and_o take_v pisa_n into_o his_o protection_n and_o have_v now_o far_o regard_n of_o the_o french_a who_o where_o beat_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o the_o spaniard_n and_o both_o of_o they_o reduce_v to_o necessity_n of_o seek_v his_o amity_n he_o leap_v blunt_o into_o pisa_n after_o which_o lucca_n and_o sienna_n submit_v without_o much_o trouble_n partly_o in_o hatred_n to_o the_o florentine_n and_o partly_o for_o fear_v and_o the_o florentine_n be_v grow_v desperate_a &_o without_o any_o hope_n of_o relief_n so_o that_o have_v these_o thing_n happen_v before_o as_o they_o do_v the_o same_o year_n in_o which_o alexander_n die_v doubtless_o he_o have_v gain_v so_o much_o strength_n and_o reputation_n that_o he_o will_v have_v stand_v firm_a by_o himself_o upon_o the_o basis_n of_o his_o own_o power_n and_o conduct_v without_o depend_v upon_o fortune_n or_o any_o foreignâ—supplies_n but_o his_o father_n die_v five_o year_n after_o his_o son_n have_v take_v up_o arm_n and_o leave_v he_o nothing_o solid_a and_o in_o certainty_n but_o romagna_n only_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v in_o nubious_a infest_a with_o two_o formidable_a army_n and_o himself_o mortal_o sick_a this_o duke_n be_v a_o man_n of_o that_o magnanimity_n and_o prudence_n understand_v so_o well_o which_o way_n man_n be_v to_o be_v wheedle_v or_o destroy_v and_o such_o be_v the_o foundation_n that_o he_o have_v lay_v in_o a_o short_a time_n that_o have_v he_o not_o have_v those_o two_o great_a army_n upon_o his_o back_n and_o a_o fierce_a distemper_n upon_o his_o body_n he_o have_v overcome_v all_o difficulty_n and_o bring_v his_o design_n to_o perfection_n that_o the_o foundation_n which_o he_o have_v lay_v be_v plausible_a appear_v by_o the_o patience_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o romagna_n who_o hold_v out_o for_o he_o a_o complete_a month_n though_o they_o know_v he_o be_v at_o death_n door_n and_o unlikely_a ever_o to_o come_v out_o of_o rome_n to_o which_o place_n though_o the_o baglioni_n the_o vitelli_n and_o ursini_n return_v see_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o his_o recovery_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o gain_v any_o of_o his_o party_n nor_o debauch_v they_o to_o their_o side_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o put_v who_o he_o please_v into_o the_o pontifical_a chair_n yet_o he_o have_v power_n enough_o to_o keep_v any_o man_n out_o who_o he_o think_v be_v his_o enemy_n but_o have_v it_o be_v his_o fortune_n to_o have_v be_v well_o when_o his_o father_n alexander_n die_v all_o thing_n have_v succeed_v to_o his_o mind_n he_o tell_v i_o himself_o about_o the_o time_n that_o julius_n xi_o be_v create_v that_o he_o have_v consider_v well_o the_o accident_n that_o may_v befall_v he_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n and_o provide_v against_o they_o all_o only_o he_o do_v no_o imagine_v that_o at_o his_o death_n he_o shall_v be_v so_o near_o it_o himself_o upon_o serious_a examination_n therefore_o of_o the_o whole_a conduct_n of_o duke_n valentine_n i_o see_v nothing_o to_o be_v reprehend_v it_o seem_v rather_o proper_a to_o i_o to_o propose_v he_o as_o i_o have_v do_v as_o a_o example_n for_o the_o imitation_n of_o all_o such_o as_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o fortune_n or_o the_o supply_n of_o other_o prince_n have_v get_v into_o the_o saddle_n for_o his_o mind_n be_v so_o large_a and_o his_o intention_n so_o high_a he_o can_v not_o do_v otherwise_o and_o nothing_o can_v have_v oppose_v the_o greatness_n and_o wisdom_n of_o his_o design_n but_o his_o own_o infirmity_n and_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n he_o therefore_o who_o think_v it_o necessary_a in_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o dominion_n to_o secure_v himself_o against_o his_o enemy_n to_o gain_v himself_o friend_n to_o overcome_v whether_o by_o force_n or_o by_o fraud_n to_o make_v himself_o belove_v or_o fear_v by_o his_o people_n to_o be_v follow_v and_o reverence_v by_o his_o soldier_n to_o destory_n and_o exterminate_v such_o as_o will_v do_v he_o injury_n to_o repeal_v and_o suppress_v old_a law_n and_o introduce_v new_a to_o be_v severe_a grateful_a magnanimous_a liberal_a cashier_v and_o disband_v such_o of_o his_o army_n as_o be_v unfaithful_a and_o put_v new_a in_o their_o place_n manage_v himself_o so_o in_o his_o alliance_n with_o king_n and_o prince_n that_o all_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v either_o oblige_v to_o requite_v he_o or_o affeared_a to_o offend_v he_o he_o i_o say_v can_v find_v a_o fresh_a or_o better_a model_n than_o the_o action_n of_o this_o prince_n if_o in_o any_o thing_n he_o be_v to_o be_v condemn_v it_o be_v in_o suffer_v the_o election_n of_o julius_n xi_o which_o be_v much_o to_o his_o prejudice_n for_o though_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o may_v be_v unable_a to_o make_v the_o pope_n as_o he_o please_v yet_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o have_v put_v any_o one_o by_o and_o he_o ought_v never_o to_o have_v consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o any_o of_o the_o cardinal_n who_o he_o have_v former_o offend_v or_o who_o after_o their_o promotion_n be_v like_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o he_o for_o man_n be_v as_o mischievous_a for_o fear_v as_o for_o hatred_n those_o cardinal_n
trouble_n in_o tuscany_n ib._n a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n take_v effect_n and_o the_o duke_n slay_v 155_o 156_o book_n viii_o a_o nimosity_n between_o the_o parri_n and_o the_o medici_n in_o florence_n 〈…〉_z a_o conspiracy_n to_o destroy_v lorenzo_n and_o 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr medici_n ib._n rinati_n deal_v pazzi_n dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n but_o in_o vain_a 159_o the_o conspiracy_n miscarry_v 161_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o florentine_n 162_o lorenza_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o the_o florentine_n ib._n the_o pope_n and_o king_n invade_v their_o territory_n 164_o genoa_n rebel_n against_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n ib._n the_o gratitude_n of_o the_o florentine_n 165_o the_o pope_n army_n defeat_v 166_o lodovico_n sforza_n governor_n of_o milan_n 167_o lorenzo_n de_fw-fr medici_n arrive_v at_o naples_n 168_o the_o isle_n of_o rhodes_n assault_v by_o the_o turk_n 169_o the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n defeat_v 171_o a_o new_a league_n ib._n castello_n besiege_v by_o the_o army_n of_o the_o pope_n 172_o the_o coloni_fw-la provoke_v the_o pope_n and_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o rome_n 〈◊〉_d the_o company_n of_o s._n giorgio_n 〈◊〉_d aquila_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o â—â—â—ples_n 〈◊〉_d be_v protect_v by_o the_o pope_n 〈…〉_z the_o genoeâ—es_o 〈…〉_z the_o venetian_n defeat_v 〈◊〉_d count_n girolamo_n 〈…〉_z his_o death_n revenge_v by_o his_o 〈…〉_z galeotto_n lord_n of_o faenza_n 〈…〉_z wife_n 〈◊〉_d the_o character_n of_o lorenzo_n de_fw-fr 〈…〉_z his_o death_n 〈◊〉_d a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o the_o prince_z chap._n i._n the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n and_o how_o they_o be_v obtain_v 199_o chap._n ii_o of_o hereditary_a principality_n ib._n chap._n iii_o of_o mix_v principality_n 200_o chap._n iu_o why_o the_o kingdom_n of_o darius_n usurp_v by_o alexander_n do_v not_o rebel_v against_o his_o successor_n after_o alexander_n be_v dead_a 203_o chap._n v._o how_o such_o city_n and_o principality_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v who_o before_o they_o be_v subdue_v live_v under_o their_o own_o law_n and_o constitution_n 204_o chap._n vi_o of_o principality_n acquire_v by_o one_o own_o proper_a conduct_n and_o arm_n 205_o chap._n vii_o of_o new_a principality_n acquire_v by_o accident_n and_o supply_n from_o other_o people_n 206_o chap._n viii_o of_o such_o as_o have_v arrive_v at_o their_o dominion_n by_o wicked_a and_o unjustifiable_a mean_n 209_o chap._n ix_o of_o civil_a principality_n 211_o chap._n x._o how_o the_o strength_n of_o all_o principality_n be_v to_o be_v compute_v 212_o chap._n xi_o of_o ecclesiastical_a principality_n 213_o chap._n xii_o the_o several_a form_n of_o military_a discipline_n and_o of_o those_o soldier_n which_o be_v call_v mercenary_a 214_o chap._n xiii_o of_o auxiliary_n mix_v soldier_n and_o native_n 217_o chap._n fourteen_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o prince_n in_o relation_n to_o his_o militia_n 218_o chap._n xv._n of_o such_o thing_n as_o render_v man_n especial_o prince_n worthy_a of_o blame_n or_o approbation_n 219_o chap._n xvi_o of_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n 220_o chap._n xvii_o of_o cruelty_n and_o clemency_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v love_v or_o fear_v 221_o chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o a_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o his_o promise_n 222_o chap._n xix_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v cautious_a of_o make_v themselves_o either_o odious_a or_o contemptible_a 223_o chap._n xx._n whether_o the_o build_n of_o citadel_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o prince_n many_o time_n do_v be_v profitable_a or_o dangerous_a 227_o chap._n xxi_o how_o a_o prince_n be_v to_o demean_v himself_o to_o gain_v reputation_n 229_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o prince_n secretary_n 230_o chap._n xxiii_o how_o flatterer_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v 231_o chap._n xxiv_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n have_v lose_v their_o dominion_n 232_o chap._n xxv_o how_o far_o in_o human_a affair_n fortune_n may_v avail_v and_o in_o what_o manner_n she_o may_v be_v resist_v 233_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o exhortation_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o italy_n from_o the_o barbarian_n 234_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n 236_o the_o life_n of_o castruccio_n 239_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o murder_n commit_v upon_o vitellozzo_n vitelli_n oliveretto_fw-it da_fw-it fermo_n pogolo_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n all_o of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o ursini_n by_o the_o machination_n and_o management_n of_o duke_n valentine_n 253_o the_o state_n of_o france_n in_o a_o abridgement_n 256_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n in_o a_o abridgement_n 265_o a_o table_n of_o the_o discourse_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n what_o have_v be_v general_o the_o principle_n of_o all_o city_n and_o particular_o of_o rome_n 268_o chap._n ii_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commonwealth_n and_o under_o which_o kind_n the_o roman_a be_v comprehend_v 270_o chap._n iii_o upon_o what_o accident_n and_o tumult_n in_o rome_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v create_v by_o which_o that_o commonwealth_n become_v more_o perfect_a 272_o chap._n iu_o the_o dissension_n betwixt_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v the_o occasion_n that_o commonwealth_n become_v so_o powerful_a and_o free_a 273_o chap._n v._o where_o the_o guardianship_n of_o liberty_n may_v be_v most_o secure_o deposit_v whether_o among_o the_o people_n or_o nobility_n and_o which_o have_v great_a occasion_n to_o tumultuate_v he_o that_o will_v acquire_v more_o or_o he_o that_o will_v defend_v and_o keep_v what_o he_o have_v 274_o chap._n vi_o whether_o in_o rome_n such_o a_o form_n of_o government_n can_v be_v establish_v as_o shall_v take_v away_o the_o animosity_n betwixt_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o people_n 275_o chap._n vii_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o a_o state_n that_o any_o citizen_n be_v secure_o accuse_v 277_o chap._n viii_o unjust_a calumny_n be_v no_o less_o pernicious_a to_o a_o commonwealth_n than_o legal_a accusation_n be_v profitable_a and_o good_a 278_o chap._n ix_o how_o much_o a_o single_a person_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o establishment_n of_o a_o new_a commonwealth_n or_o the_o reformation_n of_o a_o old_a 279_o chap._n x._o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v praise_v who_o lie_v the_o foundation_n of_o any_o republic_n or_o kingdom_n so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v condemn_v who_o set_v up_o a_o tyranny_n 281_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o religion_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o roman_n 282_o chap._n xii_o how_o necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o a_o state_n it_o be_v that_o religion_n be_v in_o esteem_n and_o how_o much_o italy_n have_v suffer_v for_o want_n of_o it_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 284_o chap._n xiii_o how_o the_o roman_n pretend_a religion_n many_o time_n to_o regulate_v their_o city_n to_o prosecute_v their_o war_n and_o to_o pacify_v their_o tumult_n 285_o chap._n 14._o the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o interpret_v their_o auspex_n with_o accommodation_n to_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o design_n and_o when_o at_o any_o time_n they_o be_v force_v to_o transgress_v they_o manage_v it_o wise_o and_o pretend_v to_o be_v very_o precise_a and_o if_o any_o body_n rash_o despise_v they_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v punish_v 286_o chap._n 15._o how_o the_o samnite_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o their_o affair_n as_o their_o last_o refuge_n have_v recourse_n to_o religion_n 287_o chap._n 16._o a_o people_n accustom_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o prince_n though_o by_o accident_n they_o may_v acquire_v their_o liberty_n yet_o it_o be_v with_o great_a difficulty_n if_o they_o maintain_v it_o 288_o chap._n 17._o a_o people_n whole_o corrupt_v in_o their_o manner_n may_v possible_o recover_v their_o liberty_n but_o they_o will_v find_v insuperable_a difficulty_n to_o maintain_v it_o 289_o chap._n 18._o a_o corrupt_a city_n have_v make_v itself_o free_a how_o its_o liberty_n may_v be_v maintain_v and_o not_o have_v make_v itself_o free_a how_o its_o liberty_n may_v be_v procure_v 290_o chap._n 19_o though_o a_o weak_a prince_n succeed_v a_o excellent_a the_o government_n may_v stand_v but_o if_o one_o weak_a prince_n succeed_v another_o it_o be_v impossible_a 292_o chap._n 20._o two_o good_a prince_n immediate_o succeed_v may_v do_v great_a thing_n and_o wellgrounded_n commonwealth_n have_v always_o a_o virtuous_a succession_n their_o conquest_n and_o acquisition_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v according_a 293_o chap._n 21._o how_o much_o that_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v condemn_v which_o neglect_v to_o train_v up_o soldier_n of_o its_o own_o ib._n chap._n 22._o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v from_o the_o combat_n betwixt_o the_o three_o roman_a horatij_n and_o the_o three_o alban_n curiaâ—ii_n 294_o chap._n 23._o that_o our_o whole_a fortune_n be_v not_o to_o be_v venture_v upon_o part_n of_o
who_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v betica_n be_v press_v hard_o by_o the_o visigoti_n and_o distress_a beyond_o all_o remedy_n they_o be_v call_v over_o by_o boniface_n who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v africa_n for_o the_o emperor_n to_o come_v and_o plant_v there_o emperor_n for_o those_o province_n be_v then_o in_o rebellion_n he_o be_v afraid_a his_o ill_a administration_n may_v be_v discover_v this_o invitation_n and_o their_o own_o exigence_n concur_v the_o vandal_n embrace_v that_o enterprise_n and_o perform_v many_o memorable_a and_o brave_a thing_n in_o africa_n under_o gensericus_fw-la their_o king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n theodosius_n the_o son_n of_o arcadius_n succeed_v to_o the_o empire_n who_o regard_v but_o little_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o west_n give_v those_o nation_n the_o first_o thought_n of_o fix_v in_o their_o new_a conquest_n according_o the_o vandali_n in_o africa_n the_o alani_n and_o visigoti_n in_o spain_n begin_v to_o set_v up_o for_o themselves_o france_n and_o lord_n it_o over_o the_o native_n the_o franchi_n and_o the_o burgundi_fw-la not_o only_o overrun_v and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o france_n but_o according_a to_o the_o part_n they_o possess_v they_o give_v it_o their_o name_n one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v francia_n and_o the_o other_o burgundia_fw-la the_o success_n of_o their_o comrade_n invite_v new_a multitude_n to_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o hunni_n fall_v upon_o pannonia_n which_o be_v a_o province_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o danube_n and_o give_v it_o their_o name_n hungaria_n have_v denominate_v it_o hungaria_n to_o this_o very_a day_n then_o as_o a_o addition_n to_o the_o disorder_n the_o emperor_n find_v himself_o attack_v in_o so_o many_o place_n to_o contract_v the_o number_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o begin_v first_o to_o treat_v and_o capitulate_v with_o the_o vandal_n then_o with_o the_o frank_n which_o treaty_n increase_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o barbarian_n and_o diminish_v his_o own_o nor_o be_v the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n call_v england_n at_o this_o day_n exempt_v from_o its_o trouble_n for_o the_o britain_n grow_v apprehensive_a of_o the_o people_n which_o have_v conquer_a france_n and_o not_o discern_v which_o way_n the_o emperor_n will_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o call_v in_o the_o angli_fw-la a_o nation_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o assistance_n angli_fw-la the_o angli_fw-la under_o the_o conduct_n of_o vortiger_n their_o king_n undertake_v their_o defence_n and_o at_o first_o behave_v themselves_o faithful_o afterward_o their_o opportunity_n increase_v with_o their_o power_n they_o drive_v the_o native_n out_o of_o the_o island_n possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o and_o give_v it_o their_o name_n in_o commutation_n for_o its_o liberty_n be_v rob_v of_o their_o country_n and_o make_v valiant_a by_o necessity_n though_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o recover_v their_o own_o the_o britain_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o invade_v some_o other_o and_o plant_v themselves_o there_o in_o this_o resolution_n they_o cross_v the_o sea_n with_o their_o whole_a family_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n and_o be_v call_v britain_n to_o this_o day_n the_o hunns_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o have_v overrun_v pannonia_n be_v straighten_v and_o disturb_v in_o their_o quarter_n by_o other_o nation_n viz._n the_o zepidi_n eruli_n turingi_n and_o ostrogoti_n or_o eastern_a goth_n they_o rise_v again_o and_o put_v themselves_o once_o more_o in_o motion_n for_o new_a habitation_n not_o be_v able_a to_o force_v their_o way_n into_o france_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n defend_v by_o the_o barbarian_n attila_n they_o fall_v into_o italy_n under_o attila_n their_o king_n who_o not_o long_o before_o to_o rid_v himself_o of_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n have_v slay_v bleda_n his_o own_o brother_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v make_v himself_o absolute_a andaricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o zepidi_n and_o velamir_n king_n of_o the_o ostrogoti_n remain_v as_o his_o subject_n attila_n have_v in_o this_o manner_n make_v his_o inroad_n into_o italy_n he_o besiege_v aquilegia_fw-la aquilegia_fw-la lay_v without_o interruption_n two_o year_n before_o it_o waste_v the_o country_n round_o about_o it_o and_o disperse_v the_o inhabitant_n which_o as_o we_o shall_v afterward_o declare_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o build_v the_o city_n of_o venice_n after_o he_o have_v take_v sack_v and_o demolish_v aquilegia_fw-la pope_n and_o several_a other_o town_n he_o advance_v towards_o rome_n but_o forbear_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o pope_n for_o who_o attila_n have_v so_o great_a a_o reverence_n and_o veneration_n that_o upon_o his_o single_a persuasion_n he_o withdraw_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o austria_n where_o he_o die_v after_o attila_n death_n velamir_n king_n of_o the_o ostrogoti_fw-it with_o the_o commander_n of_o other_o nation_n home_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o tenricus_fw-la and_o eurius_fw-la attila_n son_n one_o of_o they_o they_o kill_v and_o force_v the_o other_o with_o the_o hunni_n back_o again_o over_o the_o danube_n into_o their_o own_o country_n upon_o which_o the_o ostrogoti_n and_o zepidi_n place_v themselves_o in_o pannonia_n and_o the_o eruli_n and_o turingi_n remain_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o danube_n attila_n be_v depart_v out_o of_o italy_n valentinianus_n at_o that_o time_n emperor_n of_o the_o west_n have_v a_o design_n to_o repair_v that_o empire_n ravenna_n and_o for_o his_o capacity_n of_o defend_v it_o with_o more_o ease_n and_o convenience_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o quit_v rome_n and_o settle_v his_o residence_n at_o ravenna_n the_o calamity_n wherewith_o the_o western_a empire_n have_v be_v oppress_v be_v the_o occasion_n that_o the_o emperor_n reside_v at_o constantinople_n have_v many_o time_n transfer_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o to_o other_o people_n as_o a_o thing_n of_o great_a danger_n and_o expense_n many_o time_n without_o the_o emperor_n permission_n old_a the_o roman_n see_v themselves_o desert_v have_v create_v new_a emperor_n in_o order_n to_o their_o defence_n and_o sometime_o other_o person_n take_v advantage_n of_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o authority_n usurp_v as_o it_o happen_v when_o maximus_n a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o after_o the_o death_n of_o valentinianus_n and_o force_v his_o widow_n eudoxa_n to_o take_v he_o for_o her_o husband_n who_o desirous_a of_o revenge_n and_o disdain_v be_v of_o imperial_a extraction_n the_o embrace_n of_o so_o inferior_a a_o person_n she_o invite_v private_o gensericus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o vandal_n into_o italy_n remonstrate_v the_o easiness_n and_o utility_n of_o the_o conquest_n who_o allure_v by_o the_o prize_n be_v without_o much_o difficulty_n persuade_v he_o enter_v italy_n with_o his_o army_n march_v up_o to_o rome_n find_v it_o abandon_v sack_v it_o and_o continue_v in_o it_o fourteen_o day_n after_o which_o he_o take_v and_o plunder_v several_a other_o town_n and_o have_v lade_v both_o himself_o and_o his_o army_n with_o the_o spoil_v he_o return_v into_o africa_n the_o roman_n return_v upon_o his_o departure_n maximus_n be_v dead_a they_o make_v avicus_fw-la a_o roman_a emperor_n after_o many_o occurrence_n both_o within_o italy_n and_o without_o and_o the_o death_n of_o several_a emperor_n the_o empire_n of_o constantinople_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o zeno_n and_o the_o empire_n of_o româ—_n by_o stratagem_n and_o artifice_n to_o orestes_n and_o augustulus_n his_o son_n who_o prepare_v to_o defend_v it_o by_o force_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o eruli_n and_o turingi_n place_v as_o we_o say_v before_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o danube_n confederate_a for_o that_o expedition_n under_o the_o command_n of_o odoacre_n their_o general_n italy_n of_o such_o place_n as_o they_o have_v think_v good_a to_o balk_v and_o leave_v empty_a the_o lombard_n possess_v themselves_o a_o northern_a nation_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o command_v by_o godoglio_n their_o king_n which_o be_v the_o last_o people_n that_o plague_v italy_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o place_n odoacre_n have_v make_v his_o way_n into_o italy_n he_o encounter_v vanquish_v and_o slay_v orestes_n near_o pavia_n but_o augustulus_n get_v off_o italy_n after_o this_o victory_n that_o the_o title_n may_v change_v with_o the_o government_n odoacres_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v call_v king_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v the_o first_o chieftain_n of_o those_o nation_n which_o at_o that_o time_n overran_a the_o whole_a world_n that_o think_v of_o fix_v in_o italy_n for_o either_o suspect_v their_o ability_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o easiness_n and_o facility_n wherewith_o it_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n or_o for_o some_o other_o secret_a cause_n the_o rest_n have_v ravage_v and_o plunder_v it_o but_o they_o always_o
in_o romania_n and_o perform_v very_o valiant_o in_o all_o those_o war_n of_o tancred_n one_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o those_o norman_n be_v bear_v several_a son_n among_o which_o william_n call_v ferabar_n and_o roberto_n call_v guiscardo_n be_v two_o william_n arrive_v to_o be_v prince_n and_o the_o tumult_n in_o italy_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n compose_v but_o the_o saracen_n have_v sicily_n entire_a and_o daily_a invasion_n make_v upon_o italy_n william_n enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o capua_n and_o salerno_n and_o with_o milorcus_fw-la a_o grecian_a who_o by_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n be_v depute_v governor_n of_o puglia_n and_o calabria_n to_o invade_v sicily_n and_o in_o case_n of_o victory_n it_o be_v agree_v among_o they_o that_o both_o prey_n and_o country_n shall_v be_v equa_o divide_v the_o enterprise_n be_v prosperous_a they_o beat_v the_o saracen_n drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o possess_v it_o when_o they_o have_v do_v but_o milorcus_fw-la cause_v more_o force_n to_o be_v transport_v private_o out_o of_o greece_n seize_v the_o island_n for_o the_o emperor_n and_o divide_v only_o the_o spoil_n william_n be_v not_o a_o little_a disgu_v but_o reserve_v his_o indignation_n for_o a_o more_o convenient_a time_n he_o depart_v out_o of_o sicily_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o capua_n and_o salerno_n who_o have_v take_v their_o leaf_n of_o he_o to_o return_v to_o their_o home_n in_o stead_n of_o march_v to_o romania_n as_o he_o pretend_v to_o they_o he_o face_v about_o with_o his_o army_n towards_o puglia_n surprise_v melfi_n and_o behave_v himself_o so_o well_o against_o the_o force_n of_o the_o emperor_n that_o he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o puglia_n and_o calabria_n which_o province_n at_o the_o time_n of_o nicolas_n ii_o be_v govern_v by_o his_o brother_n roberto_n and_o because_o he_o have_v afterward_o great_a contention_n with_o his_o nephew_n about_o the_o inheritance_n of_o those_o state_n he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o pope_n mediation_n who_o ready_o comply_v be_v desirous_a to_o oblige_v roberto_n that_o he_o may_v defend_v he_o against_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o afterward_o happen_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o gregory_n vii_o he_o force_v enrico_n from_o rome_n and_o suppress_v the_o sedition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n robert_n be_v succeed_v by_o two_o of_o his_o son_n roger_n and_o william_n to_o their_o inheritance_n they_o annex_v the_o city_n of_o naples_n and_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o it_o and_o rome_n beside_o that_o they_o subdue_v sicily_n of_o which_o roger_n be_v make_v lord_n but_o william_n go_v afterward_o to_o constantinople_n to_o marry_v that_o emperor_n daughter_n roger_n take_v advantage_n of_o his_o absence_n seize_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o elate_v by_o so_o great_a a_o acquest_n cause_v himself_o first_o to_o be_v call_v king_n of_o italy_n but_o afterward_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o puglia_n and_o sicily_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v name_n and_o law_n to_o that_o kingdom_n sicily_n which_o to_o this_o day_n it_o retain_v though_o many_o time_n since_o not_o only_o the_o royal_a blood_n but_o the_o nation_n have_v be_v change_v for_o upon_o failure_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n that_o kingdom_n devolve_v to_o the_o german_n from_o they_o to_o the_o french_a from_o the_o french_a to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o from_o the_o spaniard_n to_o the_o flemens_n with_o who_o it_o remain_v at_o this_o present_a urban_n ii_o though_o very_o odious_a in_o rome_n be_v get_v to_o be_v pope_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissension_n there_o pope_n not_o think_v himself_o secure_a in_o italy_n he_o remove_v with_o his_o whole_a clergy_n into_o france_n have_v assemble_v many_o people_n together_o at_o anvers_n he_o undertake_v a_o generous_a enterprise_n and_o by_o a_o learned_a oration_n against_o the_o infidel_n kindle_v such_o a_o fire_n in_o their_o mind_n they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o expedition_n into_o asia_n against_o the_o saracen_n which_o expedition_n as_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v call_v afterward_o crociate_v because_o all_o that_o go_v along_o in_o it_o carry_v a_o red_a cross_n upon_o their_o arm_n crusade_n and_o their_o clothes_n the_o chief_a commander_n in_o this_o enterprise_n be_v gottofredi_n eustachio_n alduino_n di_fw-fr buglione_n earl_n of_o bologna_n and_o peter_n the_o hermit_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a veneration_n both_o for_o his_o prudence_n and_o piety_n many_o prince_n and_o nation_n assist_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o many_o private_a man_n serve_v as_o volunteer_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n so_o great_a a_o influence_n have_v religion_n in_o those_o day_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n encourage_v by_o the_o example_n of_o their_o several_a commander_n at_o first_o the_o enterprise_n be_v very_o successful_a all_o asia_n minor_fw-la syria_n and_o part_n of_o egypt_n fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o christian_n during_o which_o war_n the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v institute_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rhodes_n as_o a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o turk_n not_o long_o after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n templar_n be_v found_v but_o it_o last_v not_o long_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissoluteness_n of_o their_o manner_n at_o sundry_a time_n after_o these_o thing_n upon_o sundry_a occasion_n many_o accident_n fall_v out_o in_o which_o several_a nation_n and_o particular_a man_n signalise_v themselves_o there_o be_v engage_v in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n the_o state_n of_o pisa_n venice_n and_o genoa_n all_o behave_v themselves_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o sight_v with_o variety_n of_o fortune_n till_o the_o time_n of_o saladine_n the_o saracen_n but_o his_o courage_n and_o virtue_n improve_v by_o intestine_a difference_n among_o the_o christian_n rob_v they_o of_o the_o glory_n they_o have_v gain_v at_o the_o first_o and_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o a_o country_n where_o for_o ninety_o year_n they_o have_v be_v so_o honourable_o â—d_a and_o so_o happy_o place_v after_o the_o death_n of_o pope_n urban_n pascal_n ii_o be_v choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o and_o enrico_n iv._o make_v emperor_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n and_o pretend_v great_a friendship_n to_o the_o pope_n take_v his_o advantage_n clap_v both_o he_o and_o his_o clergy_n in_o prison_n and_o never_o discharge_v they_o till_o they_o have_v empower_v he_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o church_n in_o germany_n as_o he_o please_v himself_o about_o this_o time_n matilda_n the_o countess_n die_v and_o give_v her_o patrimony_n to_o the_o church_n after_o the_o death_n of_o pascal_n and_o enric_n many_o pope_n and_o many_o emperor_n succeed_v 3d._n till_o the_o papacy_n fall_v to_o alexander_n iii_o and_o the_o empire_n to_o frederick_n barbarossa_n a_o swede_n the_o pope_n of_o those_o day_n have_v many_o controversy_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o emperor_n which_o till_o the_o time_n of_o barbarossa_n rather_o increase_v than_o otherwise_o frederick_n be_v a_o excellent_a soldier_n but_o so_o haughty_a and_o high_a he_o can_v not_o brook_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o pope_n notwithstanding_o he_o come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v and_o return_v peaceable_o into_o germany_n but_o that_o humour_n last_v but_o little_a for_o he_o return_v short_o into_o italy_n to_o reduce_v some_o town_n in_o lombardy_n which_o deny_v he_o obedience_n in_o this_o juncture_n cardinal_n di_fw-it s._n clement_n a_o roman_n bear_v divide_v from_o pope_n alexander_n be_v make_v pope_n himself_o by_o a_o faction_n in_o the_o conclave_n frederick_n the_o emperor_n be_v then_o encamp_v before_o crema_fw-la antipope_n alexander_n complain_v to_o he_o of_o the_o antipope_n frederick_n reply_v that_o they_o shall_v both_o of_o they_o appear_v personal_o before_o he_o and_o that_o then_o hear_v faithful_o what_o each_o of_o they_o can_v say_v he_o shall_v be_v better_a able_a to_o determine_v which_o be_v in_o the_o right_n alexander_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o the_o answer_n but_o perceive_v the_o emperor_n incline_v to_o the_o adversary_n he_o excommunicate_v he_o and_o run_v away_o to_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n for_o all_o that_o frederick_n prosecute_v his_o war_n in_o lombardy_n take_v and_o dismantle_v milan_n which_o put_v the_o city_n of_o verona_n milan_n and_o venice_n upon_o a_o confederacy_n for_o their_o common_a defence_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o antipope_n die_v and_o frederick_n presume_v to_o create_v guidâ—_n of_o cremona_n in_o his_o place_n the_o roman_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o pope_n absence_n and_o the_o emperor_n diversion_n in_o lombardy_n have_v reassumed_a something_o of_o their_o former_a authority_n and_o begin_v to_o require_v obedience_n in_o the_o
sometime_o more_o of_o their_o senator_n with_o the_o same_o power_n the_o league_n continue_v all_o the_o while_n into_o which_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n have_v enter_v against_o frederick_n barbarossa_n and_o the_o city_n be_v these_o milan_n brescia_n mantua_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n in_o romagna_n beside_o verona_n vicenza_n milan_n and_o trevigi_n the_o city_n on_o the_o emperor_n side_n be_v cremona_n bergamo_n parma_n reggio_n modena_n and_o trenta_fw-la the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n romagna_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o trevizan_n take_v part_n according_a to_o their_o interest_n sometime_o with_o this_o sometime_o with_o the_o other_o party_n in_o the_o time_n of_o otto_n iii_n one_o ezelino_n come_v into_o italy_n of_o who_o loin_n there_o remain_v a_o son_n call_v also_o ezelino_n be_v powerful_a and_o rich_a he_o join_v himself_o with_o frederick_n two_o who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v become_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o encouragement_n and_o assistance_n of_o this_o ezelino_n frederick_n come_v into_o italy_n take_v verona_n and_o mantua_n demolish_a vicenza_n seize_v upon_o padova_n defeat_v the_o unite_a force_n of_o those_o part_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v advance_v towards_o toscany_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n ezelino_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o trevizan_n ferrara_n they_o can_v not_o take_v be_v defend_v by_o azone_n da_fw-mi esti_n and_o some_o regiment_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o lombardy_n ferrara_n whereupon_o when_o the_o siege_n be_v draw_v off_o his_o holiness_n give_v that_o city_n in_o fee_n to_o azone_n da_fw-mi esti_n from_o who_o those_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o at_o this_o day_n be_v descend_v frederick_n stop_v and_o fix_v himself_o at_o pisa_n be_v desirous_a to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o tuscany_n and_o by_o the_o distinction_n he_o make_v betwixt_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o foe_n in_o that_o province_n raise_v such_o ammosites_n emperor_n as_o prove_v afterward_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o italy_n for_o both_o guelf_n and_o gibilins_n increase_v every_o day_n the_o first_o side_v with_o the_o church_n the_o other_o with_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v call_v first_o by_o those_o name_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n frederick_n be_v at_o length_n remove_v from_o pisa_n make_v great_a devastation_n and_o several_a inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o church_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o other_o remedy_n proclaim_v the_o croifada_n against_o he_o as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v against_o the_o saracen_n frederick_n leave_v he_o shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o lurch_n by_o his_o own_o people_n as_o frederick_n barbarossa_n and_o other_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v before_o entertain_v into_o his_o pay_n great_a number_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o he_o and_o strengthen_v his_o opposition_n to_o the_o pope_n by_o a_o party_n that_o shall_v not_o be_v afraid_a of_o his_o cursâ—s_n he_o give_v they_o nocera_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v a_o retreat_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n pope_n they_o may_v serve_v he_o with_o more_o confidence_n and_o security_n at_o this_o time_n innocent_n iv._o be_v pope_n who_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o frederick_n remove_v to_o genoa_n and_o thence_o into_o france_n where_o he_o call_v a_o counsel_n at_o lion_n and_o frederick_n design_v to_o have_v be_v there_o have_v he_o not_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o parma_n have_v have_v ill_a fortune_n in_o the_o suppress_n of_o that_o he_o march_v away_o into_o tuscany_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o sicily_n where_o he_o die_v not_o long_o after_o leave_v his_o son_n currado_n in_o sâ—evia_n and_o in_o puglia_n his_o natural_a son_n manfredi_n who_o he_o have_v make_v duke_n of_o benevento_n currado_n go_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n die_v at_o naples_n and_o leave_v only_o one_o lâ—â—tle_a son_n behind_o he_o in_o germany_n who_o be_v call_v currado_n by_o his_o own_o name_n by_o which_o mean_n manfred_n first_o as_o tutor_n to_o currado_n get_v into_o the_o government_n and_o afterward_o give_v out_o that_o his_o pupil_n be_v dead_a he_o make_v himself_o king_n and_o force_v the_o pope_n and_o neapolitan_n who_o oppose_v it_o to_o consent_v whilst_o affair_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v in_o that_o posture_n many_o commotion_n happen_v in_o lombardy_n betwixt_o the_o guelf_n and_o the_o gibilin_n the_o guelf_n be_v head_v by_o a_o legate_n from_o the_o pope_n the_o gibilin_n by_o ezelino_n who_o at_o that_o time_n have_v in_o his_o possession_n all_o that_o part_n of_o lombardy_n on_o this_o side_n the_o poe._n and_o because_o while_o he_o be_v entertain_v in_o this_o war_n the_o city_n of_o padova_n rebel_v he_o cause_v 12000_o of_o they_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o not_o long_o after_o before_o the_o war_n be_v end_v die_v himself_o in_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n upon_o his_o death_n all_o those_o country_n which_o have_v be_v in_o his_o hand_n become_v free_a manfredi_n king_n of_o naples_n continue_v his_o malevolence_n to_o the_o church_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o hold_v pope_n urban_n iv._o in_o perpetual_a anxiety_n so_o that_o at_o length_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o convoke_v the_o crociata_n against_o he_o and_o to_o retire_v into_o perugiâ—_n till_o he_o can_v get_v his_o force_n together_o but_o find_v they_o come_v in_o slow_o and_o thin_a conceive_v that_o to_o the_o overcome_v of_o manfred_n great_a supply_n will_v be_v necessary_a he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n make_v his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o angio_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o naples_n and_o excite_v he_o to_o come_v into_o italy_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o those_o kingdom_n pope_n before_o charles_n can_v get_v to_o rome_n the_o pope_n die_v and_o clement_n v._o succeed_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o say_v clement_n time_n charles_n with_o 30_o galley_n arrive_v at_o ostia_n have_v order_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o land_n during_o his_o residence_n at_o rome_n as_o a_o compliment_n to_o he_o the_o roman_n make_v he_o a_o senator_n and_o the_o pope_n invest_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n with_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v pay_v 50_o thousand_o florin_n yearly_a to_o the_o church_n and_o publish_v a_o decree_n that_o for_o the_o future_a neither_o charles_n nor_o any_o that_o shall_v succeed_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v emperor_n after_o which_o charles_n advance_v against_o manfred_n fight_v with_o he_o beat_v he_o and_o kill_v he_o near_o benâ—vento_n thereby_o make_v himself_o king_n of_o sicily_n and_o that_o kingdom_n corradino_n to_o who_o that_o state_n devolve_v by_o his_o father_n testament_n gather_v what_o force_v together_o he_o can_v in_o germany_n march_v into_o italy_n against_o charles_n and_o engage_v he_o at_o tagliacozza_n be_v present_o defeat_v and_o be_v afterward_o discover_v in_o his_o flight_n take_v and_o slay_v italy_n continue_v quiet_a till_o the_o papacy_n of_o adrian_n v._n who_o not_o endure_v that_o charles_n shall_v continue_v in_o rome_n and_o govern_v all_o 〈◊〉_d he_o do_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o senatorship_n he_o remove_v to_o vitâ—rbo_n pope_n and_o solicit_v ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n against_o he_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pope_n sometime_o for_o defence_n of_o religion_n sometime_o out_o of_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n call_v in_o new_a man_n and_o by_o consequence_n new_a war_n into_o italy_n and_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o advance_v any_o of_o they_o but_o they_o repent_v of_o what_o they_o have_v do_v and_o seek_v immediate_o to_o remove_v he_o nor_o will_v they_o suffer_v any_o province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n they_o be_v unable_a themselves_o to_o subdue_v to_o be_v enjoy_v quiet_o by_o any_o body_n else_o the_o prince_n be_v all_o afraid_a of_o they_o for_o whether_o by_o fight_v or_o fly_v they_o common_o overcome_v unless_o circumvent_v by_o some_o stratagem_n as_o boniface_n viii_o and_o some_o other_o be_v by_o the_o emperor_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o amity_n ridolfus_n be_v retain_v by_o his_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o visit_v italy_n before_o adrian_n be_v dead_a 〈◊〉_d he_o which_o succeed_v he_o be_v nicolas_n the_o iii_o of_o the_o house_n of_o ursin_n a_o dare_a ambitious_a man_n who_o resolve_v to_o take_v down_o the_o authority_n of_o charles_n contrive_v that_o ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n shall_v complain_v of_o charles_n his_o governor_n in_o tuscany_n of_o his_o side_v with_o the_o guelf_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o manfred_n have_v be_v receive_v and_o protect_v in_o that_o province_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o
time_n john_n xxii_o be_v create_v pope_n in_o who_o papacy_n the_o emperor_n cease_v not_o to_o persecute_v the_o guelf_n and_o the_o church_n but_o king_n robert_n and_o the_o florentine_n interpose_v in_o their_o defence_n great_a war_n ensue_v in_o lombardy_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o visconti_n against_o the_o guelf_n and_o against_o the_o florentines_n in_o tuscany_n torri_n by_o castruccio_n di_fw-fr lucca_n and_o because_o the_o family_n of_o the_o visconti_n be_v the_o original_a of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n one_o of_o the_o five_o principality_n that_o govern_v all_o italy_n afterward_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o deduce_v it_o a_o little_a high_o after_o the_o league_n amaong_v the_o city_n in_o lombardy_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o for_o their_o mutual_a defence_n against_o frederick_n barbarossa_n milan_n be_v rescue_v from_o the_o ruin_n that_o impend_v to_o revenge_v itself_o of_o the_o injury_n it_o have_v receive_v enter_v into_o that_o confederacy_n which_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o emperor_n career_n and_o preserve_v the_o church_n interest_n in_o lombardy_n for_o a_o while_n in_o the_o process_n of_o those_o war_n the_o family_n of_o the_o torri_n grow_v very_o powerful_a increase_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o while_o the_o emperor_n authority_n be_v small_a in_o those_o part_n but_o frederick_n ii_o arrive_v in_o italy_n and_o the_o ghibilin_n faction_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o ezelino_n prevail_v it_o begin_v to_o dilate_v and_o spread_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o city_n and_o particular_o in_o milan_n the_o family_n of_o the_o viscontiâ—iding_n â—iding_z with_o that_o party_n drive_v the_o family_n of_o the_o torri_n out_o of_o that_o town_n but_o long_o they_o be_v not_o banish_v for_o by_o a_o accord_n make_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o pope_n they_o be_v restore_v afterward_o when_o the_o pope_n remove_v with_o his_o court_n into_o france_n and_o arrigo_n of_o luxemburg_n come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v he_o be_v receive_v into_o milan_n by_o maffeo_n visconti_n the_o head_n of_o that_o house_n and_o guido_n della_fw-it torre_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o other_o yet_o how_o kind_o soever_o they_o carry_v it_o outward_o masseo_n have_v a_o secret_a design_n by_o the_o emperor_n be_v be_v there_o to_o drive_v out_o the_o torri_n believe_v the_o enterprise_n the_o more_o practicable_a because_o guido_n be_v of_o the_o enemy_n faction_n he_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o people_n complaint_n against_o the_o behaviour_n of_o the_o german_n encourage_v they_o sly_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o rescue_v themselves_o from_o their_o barbarous_a servitude_n have_v dispose_v thing_n as_o he_o desire_v he_o cause_v a_o tumult_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o one_o of_o his_o confident_n upon_o which_o the_o whole_a town_n be_v to_o be_v in_o arm_n and_o pretend_o against_o the_o german_n the_o tumult_n be_v no_o soon_o begin_v but_o maffeo_n his_o son_n servant_n and_o partisan_n be_v immediate_o in_o arm_n and_o run_v to_o arrigo_n assure_v he_o that_o tumult_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o torri_n who_o not_o content_a with_o their_o private_a condition_n take_v that_o occasion_n to_o ruin_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o guelf_n and_o make_v themselves_o prince_n of_o that_o city_n but_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o be_v secure_a for_o they_o and_o their_o party_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o defend_v he_o when_o ever_o he_o require_v it_o arrigo_n believe_v all_o to_o be_v true_a that_o maffeo_n have_v tell_v he_o join_v his_o force_n with_o the_o visconti_n fall_v upon_o the_o torri_n who_o be_v disperse_v up_o and_o down_o the_o city_n to_o suppress_v the_o tumult_n kill_v those_o of_o they_o which_o they_o meet_v banish_v the_o rest_n and_o seize_v their_o estate_n so_o that_o maffeo_n visconti_n make_v himself_o prince_n after_o he_o there_o succeed_v galeazo_n and_o aza_n and_o after_o they_o luchino_n and_o john_n who_o be_v afterward_o archbishop_n of_o that_o city_n luchino_n die_v before_o he_o and_o leave_v two_o son_n bernardo_n and_o galeazo_n galeazo_n die_v not_o long_o after_o leave_v one_o son_n call_v giovan_n galeazo_n milan_n conti_n di_fw-mi virtue_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o archbishop_n kill_v his_o uncle_n bernardo_n make_v himself_o prince_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o milan_n he_o leave_v two_o son_n only_o philip_n and_o giovan_n maria_n angelo_n who_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o people_n of_o milan_n sforzâ—s_n the_o government_n remain_v whole_o to_o philip._n he_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a the_o dukedom_n be_v translate_v from_o the_o house_n of_o the_o visconti_n to_o the_o sforza_n but_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o occasion_n of_o that_o hereafter_o to_o return_v therefore_o where_o i_o leave_v lewis_n the_o emperor_n to_o give_v reputation_n to_o his_o party_n and_o to_o be_v formal_o crown_v come_v into_o italy_n and_o be_v at_o milan_n to_o drain_v the_o city_n of_o its_o money_n he_o pretend_v to_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n and_o clap_v the_o visconti_n in_o prison_n afterward_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o castruccio_n da_fw-mi luca_n he_o release_v they_o march_v to_o rome_n and_o that_o he_o may_v more_o easy_o disturb_v the_o tranquillity_n of_o italy_n he_o make_v piero_n della_fw-it carvaro_fw-mi antipope_n by_o who_o reputation_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o visconti_n he_o presume_v he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v under_o both_o the_o tuscan_n and_o lombard_n but_o castruccio_n die_v in_o the_o nick_n and_o his_o death_n be_v the_o emperor_n ruin_n for_o pisa_n and_o lucca_n rebel_v out_o of_o hand_n the_o pisans_n take_v the_o antipope_n and_o send_v he_o prisoner_n to_o the_o pope_n into_o france_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n despair_v of_o his_o affair_n in_o italy_n he_o leave_v they_o all_o as_o they_o be_v and_o retire_v into_o germany_n he_o be_v scarce_o go_v before_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n come_v into_o italy_n with_o a_o army_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o ghibilin_n in_o brescia_n and_o possess_v himself_o both_o of_o that_o city_n and_o bergamo_n the_o pope_n however_o he_o dissemble_v it_o be_v not_o averse_a to_o his_o come_n and_o therefore_o his_o legate_n at_o bologna_n favour_v he_o private_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o good_a antidote_n against_o the_o emperor_n return_n these_o underhand_o practise_v change_v the_o condition_n of_o italy_n for_o the_o florentine_n and_o king_n robert_n perceive_v the_o legate_n a_o favourer_n of_o the_o ghibilin_n faction_n turn_v enemy_n to_o all_o people_n that_o profess_v themselves_o their_o friend_n in_o so_o much_o as_o without_o respect_n to_o either_o ghibilin_n or_o guelf_n many_o prince_n associate_v with_o they_o among_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o family_n of_o the_o visconti_n &_o scala_n philippo_n di_fw-fr gonsaga_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mantua_n the_o family_n of_o carara_n and_o este_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v they_o all_o the_o king_n apprehensive_a of_o their_o league_n return_v home_o to_o reinforce_v himself_o and_o come_v back_o with_o more_o force_n into_o italy_n find_v his_o enterprise_n very_o difficult_a notwithstanding_o so_o that_o grow_v weary_a of_o the_o business_n though_o much_o to_o the_o dissatisfaction_n of_o the_o legate_n he_o return_v into_o bohemia_n leave_v garrison_n only_o in_o modena_n and_o reggio_n recommend_v parma_n to_o the_o care_n of_o marsilio_n and_o piero_n de_fw-fr rossi_n who_o be_v eminent_a man_n in_o that_o city_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v depart_v bologna_n enter_v into_o the_o confederacy_n and_o the_o colleague_n divide_v the_o four_o town_n that_o be_v remain_v to_o the_o church_n among_o themselves_o parma_n to_o the_o scali_n reggio_n to_o the_o gonzagi_n modena_n to_o the_o esti_n and_o luca_n to_o the_o florentine_n but_o many_o difference_n follow_v upon_o that_o division_n which_o for_o the_o great_a part_n be_v compose_v afterward_o by_o the_o venetian_n and_o now_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o venetian_n it_o may_v appear_v indecorous_a to_o some_o people_n that_o among_o all_o the_o occurrence_n and_o revolution_n in_o italy_n i_o have_v defer_v speak_v of_o they_o notwithstanding_o their_o government_n and_o power_n place_n they_o above_o any_o other_o republic_n or_o principality_n in_o that_o country_n that_o that_o exception_n may_v be_v remove_v and_o the_o occasion_n appear_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o look_v back_o for_o some_o time_n to_o make_v their_o original_a conspicuous_a and_o the_o reason_n for_o which_o they_o reserve_v themselves_o so_o long_o from_o interpose_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o italy_n venetians_n attila_n king_n of_o the_o hunni_n have_v besiege_v aquilegia_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n after_o a_o generous_a defence_n be_v reduce_v to_o distress_n and_o despair_v of_o relief_n convey_v their_o good_n as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v to_o certain_a rock_n in_o that_o point_n of_o
he_o escape_v among_o the_o rest_n who_o have_v seize_v the_o city_n which_o belong_v former_o to_o john_n galeazzo_n william_n della_fw-it scala_n be_v one_o who_o have_v be_v banish_v and_o retire_v to_o francisco_n de_fw-fr carrara_n lord_n of_o milan_n by_o his_o mean_n he_o recover_v the_o state_n of_o verona_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o a_o short_a time_n for_o francisco_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v poison_v and_o assume_v the_o government_n himself_o the_o vicentini_n hereupon_o have_v till_o then_o live_v quiet_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o visconti_n grow_v jealous_a of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o milan_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o venetian_n who_o at_o their_o instigation_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o beat_v he_o first_o out_o of_o verona_n and_o at_o length_n out_o of_o milan_n by_o this_o time_n pope_n boniface_n die_v and_o innocent_a vii_o innocent_n be_v elect_v in_o his_o place_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n make_v a_o solemn_a address_n to_o he_o for_o the_o restitution_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o fort_n and_o be_v deny_v they_o call_v in_o ladislans_n king_n of_o naples_n to_o their_o assistance_n but_o their_o difference_n be_v afterward_o compose_v the_o pope_n return_v to_o rome_n from_o whence_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o people_n he_o flee_v to_o viterbo_n where_o he_o have_v make_v his_o nephew_n lodovic_n conte_n della_fw-it marca_n after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o gregory_n xii_o succeed_v upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v resign_v when_o ever_o the_o antipope_n shall_v be_v persuade_v to_o do_v the_o same_o at_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o cardinal_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o accommodate_v their_o difference_n and_o reunite_v the_o church_n benedict_n the_o antipope_n come_v to_o porto_n veneri_fw-la and_o gregory_n to_o lucca_n where_o many_o expedient_n be_v propose_v but_o nothing_o conclude_v whereupon_o the_o cardinal_n forsake_v they_o both_o of_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o benedict_n retire_v into_o spain_n and_o gregory_n to_o rimini_n the_o cardinal_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o baldassare_n cossa_n cardinal_n and_o legate_n of_o bologna_n call_v a_o counsel_n at_o pisa_n in_o which_o they_o create_v alexander_n v._n who_o immediate_o excommunicate_v king_n ladislaus_n invest_v luigid_a '_o augio_n with_o his_o kingdom_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o florentine_n genovese_n venetian_n and_o baldassare_n cossa_n the_o legate_n they_o assault_v ladislaus_n and_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o rome_n 23d_o but_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n alexander_n die_v and_o baldassare_n cossa_n be_v create_v pope_n with_o the_o name_n of_o john_n xxiii_o john_n be_v create_v at_o bologna_n but_o remove_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o find_v luigi_n d'_fw-fr angio_n with_o the_o force_n of_o provence_n have_v join_v himself_o with_o he_o they_o march_v out_o against_o king_n ladislaus_n fight_v with_o he_o and_o rout_v his_o army_n but_o for_o want_v of_o good_a 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constance_n a_o city_n in_o germany_n contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o pope_n john_n and_o though_o by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n ladislaus_n the_o great_a reason_n be_v take_v away_o that_o move_v the_o pope_n to_o that_o proposition_n nevertheless_o thing_n be_v go_v so_o far_o and_o he_o under_o a_o obligation_n he_o can_v not_o handsome_o come_v off_o but_o be_v force_v to_o go_v to_o it_o be_v arrive_v at_o constance_n it_o be_v not_o many_o month_n before_o he_o find_v his_o error_n and_o endeavour_v to_o have_v escape_v but_o be_v discover_v and_o take_v he_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o compel_v to_o renounce_v gregory_n one_o of_o the_o anti-popes_n renounce_v by_o proxy_n but_o benedict_n the_o other_o antipope_n refuse_v and_o be_v condemn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o last_o find_v himself_o abandon_v by_o all_o the_o cardinal_n he_o renounce_v likewise_o and_o the_o counsel_n create_v a_o new_a pope_n viz._n oddo_n of_o the_o house_n of_o coloâ—ma_n 5_o who_o take_v the_o name_n of_o martin_n v._o upon_o which_o the_o schism_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o church_n unite_v after_o it_o have_v be_v divide_v forty_o year_n and_o several_a pope_n live_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n as_o we_o say_v before_o philip_n visconti_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pauâ—a_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o fantino_n care_n who_o in_o the_o trouble_n of_o lombardy_n have_v make_v himself_o lord_n of_o vercelli_n alexandria_n novara_n and_o tortona_n and_o contract_v great_a wealth_n have_v no_o son_n he_o bequeath_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o wife_n beatrix_n enjoin_v his_o friend_n to_o use_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o marry_v she_o to_o philip_n by_o which_o marriage_n philip_n be_v much_o strengthen_v he_o recover_v milan_n and_o all_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o lombardy_n after_o which_o to_o recompense_v her_o great_a benefit_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o other_o prince_n he_o accuse_v his_o wife_n beatrix_n of_o adultery_n and_o put_v she_o to_o death_n be_v arrive_v at_o that_o height_n both_o of_o power_n and_o grandeur_n he_o begin_v to_o contrive_v against_o toscany_n and_o pursue_v the_o design_n of_o his_o father_n john_n galeazzo_n ladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n at_o his_o death_n have_v leave_v to_o his_o sister_n giovanna_n beside_o his_o kingdom_n a_o formidable_a army_n command_v by_o the_o chief_a captain_n in_o italy_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o sforza_n da_fw-mi contignuolo_n a_o person_n of_o particular_a repute_n for_o his_o valour_n in_o those_o war_n the_o queen_n to_o clear_v herself_o of_o a_o aspersion_n of_o too_o much_o intimacy_n with_o one_o panâ—olfello_n which_o she_o advance_v take_v to_o her_o husband_n giacopa_n della_fw-it marcia_n a_o frenchman_n of_o royal_a extraction_n but_o upon_o condition_n he_o shall_v content_v himself_o to_o be_v call_v prince_n of_o taranâ—o_n and_o leave_v the_o title_n and_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o she_o but_o the_o soldier_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v in_o naples_n call_v he_o king_n which_o occasion_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o queen_n sometime_o one_o prevail_v and_o sometime_o the_o other_o but_o at_o length_n the_o government_n rest_v in_o the_o queen_n and_o she_o become_v a_o severe_a enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n whereupon_o sforza_n to_o drive_v she_o into_o a_o necessity_n and_o force_v she_o to_o his_o own_o term_n lay_v down_o his_o commission_n and_o refuse_v to_o serve_v she_o against_o he_o by_o which_o mean_v be_v as_o it_o be_v disarm_v in_o a_o moment_n general_n have_v no_o other_o remedy_n she_o apply_v herself_o to_o alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o sicily_n adopt_v he_o her_o son_n and_o to_o command_v her_o army_n she_o entertain_v braccio_fw-mi da_fw-mi montone_n as_o eminent_a a_o soldier_n as_o sforza_n and_o a_o adversary_n of_o the_o pope_n upon_o account_n of_o certain_a town_n as_o perugia_n and_o other_o which_o he_o have_v usurp_v from_o the_o church_n after_o this_o a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o pope_n but_o alphonso_n suspect_v lest_o she_o shall_v serve_v he_o as_o she_o have_v do_v her_o husband_n begin_v private_o to_o contrive_v how_o he_o may_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o fort_n but_o the_o queen_n be_v cunning_a and_o prevent_v he_o by_o fortify_v herself_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o naples_n jealousy_n increase_v in_o this_o manner_n and_o nobody_o interpose_v they_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n and_o the_o queen_n by_o the_o help_n of_o sforza_n who_o be_v return_v to_o her_o service_n overcome_v alphonso_n drive_v he_o out_o of_o naples_n abdicate_v he_o and_o adopt_a lodovic_n d'_fw-fr angio_n in_o his_o place_n hereupon_o new_a war_n ensue_v betwixt_o braccio_n who_o be_v of_o alphonso_n party_n and_o sforza_n who_o be_v for_o the_o queen_n in_o the_o process_n of_o the_o war_n sforza_n pass_v the_o river_n pescara_n be_v by_o
in_o puglia_n with_o ladislao_n and_o giovanna_n two_o of_o his_o child_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o full_o carlo_n possess_v himself_o of_o hungary_n death_n but_o die_v short_o after_o hour_n his_o conquest_n of_o that_o country_n be_v so_o grateful_a a_o exploit_n to_o the_o florentine_n that_o never_o great_a expression_n of_o joy_n be_v make_v for_o any_o victory_n of_o their_o own_o as_o appear_v as_o well_o by_o public_a as_o private_a magnificence_n many_o family_n keep_v open_a house_n and_o feast_v exceed_o but_o none_o with_o that_o pomp_n and_o extravagance_n as_o the_o family_n of_o the_o alberti_n envy_v the_o provision_n and_o ostentation_n of_o who_o entertainment_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n than_o for_o a_o private_a person_n which_o extravagance_n gain_v he_o much_o envy_n and_o that_o be_v second_v by_o a_o jealousy_n in_o the_o government_n that_o benedetto_n have_v design_n against_o it_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o its_o 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the_o senate_n philippo_n be_v adjudge_v incapable_a of_o that_o dignity_n and_o bardo_n mancini_n succeed_v in_o his_o place_n a_o person_n fierce_o against_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o people_n and_o a_o perfect_a enemy_n to_o benedetto_n have_v enter_v upon_o his_o office_n he_o call_v a_o balia_n for_o reformation_n of_o the_o state_n which_o balia_n inprison_v benedetto_n alberti_n and_o banish_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o family_n only_a antonio_n be_v except_v before_o he_o be_v carry_v away_o benedetto_n call_v all_o his_o friend_n together_o to_o take_v his_o leave_n of_o they_o and_o find_v they_o sad_a and_o the_o tear_n in_o their_o eye_n he_o speak_v to_o they_o as_o follow_v you_o see_v gentleman_n in_o what_o manner_n fortune_n have_v ruin_v i_o speech_n and_o threaten_v you_o i_o do_v not_o wonder_v at_o it_o nor_o indeed_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v strange_a to_o you_o see_v it_o so_o happen_v always_o to_o they_o who_o among_o ill_a man_n be_v studious_a of_o be_v good_a or_o solicitous_a of_o sustain_v that_o which_o all_o people_n be_v desirous_a to_o pull_v down_o the_o love_n to_o my_o country_n associate_v i_o first_o with_o salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n and_o the_o same_o love_n divide_v i_o afterward_o from_o giorgio_n scali_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o that_o and_o the_o injustice_n of_o their_o proceed_n which_o have_v make_v i_o hate_v those_o who_o be_v now_o at_o the_o stern_a who_o as_o they_o have_v have_v nobody_o that_o can_v punish_v they_o so_o they_o be_v desirous_a to_o leave_v nobody_o to_o reprehend_v they_o i_o be_o content_a with_o my_o banishment_n to_o free_v they_o of_o the_o fear_n they_o have_v conceive_v not_o only_o of_o i_o but_o of_o all_o that_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o tyranny_n and_o injustice_n for_o myself_o i_o be_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o honour_n confer_v upon_o i_o when_o my_o country_n be_v free_a i_o can_v quiet_o relinquish_v whilst_o it_o be_v in_o servitude_n and_o bondage_n and_o the_o 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home_n he_o go_v to_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o in_o his_o return_n back_o die_v at_o rhodes_n his_o bone_n be_v bring_v back_o to_o florence_n and_o bury_v with_o great_a solemnity_n by_o those_o very_a people_n who_o pursue_v he_o whilst_o he_o be_v live_v with_o all_o the_o calumny_n and_o injustice_n imaginable_a nor_o be_v the_o alberti_n the_o only_a sufferer_n in_o these_o distraction_n many_o family_n beside_o that_o be_v admonish_v and_o imprison_v among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v piero_n benini_fw-la matteo_n alderotti_n giovanni_n e_o francisco_n del_fw-it bene_n giovanni_n benchi_fw-la andrea_n adimari_n and_o with_o they_o several_a of_o the_o lesser_a artificer_n among_o they_o which_o be_v admonish_v be_v the_o covoni_fw-la the_o benini_fw-la the_o rinucoi_fw-fr the_o formiconi_n the_o corbizi_n the_o manelli_n and_o the_o alderotti_n the_o balia_n be_v by_o custom_n create_v for_o a_o precise_a time_n and_o be_v now_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o citizen_n who_o be_v fair_o elect_v have_v do_v what_o they_o can_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o state_n they_o desire_v to_o lay_v down_o though_o their_o time_n be_v not_o critical_o expire_v which_o the_o people_n understanding_n many_o of_o they_o run_v with_o their_o arm_n to_o the_o palace_n cry_v out_o there_o be_v several_a more_o to_o be_v admonish_v and_o several_a more_o to_o be_v imprison_v before_o they_o renounce_v the_o senate_n be_v much_o displease_v but_o entertain_v they_o with_o fair_a promise_n till_o they_o have_v fortify_v themselves_o so_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v they_o lay_v by_o those_o arm_n for_o fear_n which_o in_o their_o rage_n they_o have_v take_v up_o nevertheless_o to_o comply_v in_o some_o proportion_n with_o the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o humour_n and_o lessen_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o plebeian_n artificer_n it_o be_v order_v that_o whereas_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o city_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n before_o they_o shall_v now_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o four_o part_n only_o and_o that_o there_o may_v always_o be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o trusty_a and_o faithful_a person_n to_o the_o state_n in_o the_o senate_n authority_n be_v give_v to_o the_o gonfaloniere_n di_fw-it giustitia_fw-la and_o four_o other_o citizen_n to_o put_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o select_a man_n name_n into_o a_o purse_n out_o of_o which_o at_o every_o meeting_n of_o the_o senate_n two_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v affair_n thus_o settle_v in_o the_o year_n 1381_o the_o city_n continue_v quiet_a within_o till_o 1393_o in_o which_o year_n giovan_n galeazzo_n visconti_n call_v the_o comte_n di_fw-mi virtue_n take_v his_o uncle_n barnabo_n prisoner_n 1381._o and_o make_v himself_o by_o that_o master_n of_o all_o lombardy_n this_o comte_n di_fw-mi virtue_n have_v a_o opinion_n he_o can_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o italy_n by_o force_n as_o easy_o as_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o duke_n of_o milan_n by_o fraud_n 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be_v at_o that_o time_n duke_n of_o genoa_n this_o piero_n find_v himself_o unable_a to_o bear_v up_o against_o so_o powerful_a a_o king_n upon_o consideration_n of_o his_o own_o weakness_n resolve_v at_o lest_o to_o surrender_v that_o state_n to_o one_o that_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v it_o and_o perhaps_o sometime_o or_o other_o give_v he_o a_o reasonable_a reward_n he_o send_v ambassador_n therefore_o to_o charles_n 7_o of_o france_n to_o desire_v his_o protection_n and_o tender_v he_o the_o government_n charles_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n french_a he_o send_v giovanni_n d'_fw-fr angio_n king_n rinato_n son_n who_o not_o long_o before_o be_v return_v from_o florence_n into_o france_n for_o charles_n be_v persuade_v that_o giovanni_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o humour_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o italian_n be_v proper_a for_o that_o government_n than_o any_o man_n he_o can_v send_v beside_o from_o thence_o he_o believe_v he_o 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alfonso_n the_o pope_n design_v to_o give_v his_o nephew_n piero_n lodovico_n borgia_n the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o to_o gloss_n over_o the_o business_n and_o make_v it_o more_o plausible_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n he_o give_v out_o that_o that_o kingdom_n belong_v former_o to_o the_o church_n his_o intention_n be_v only_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o that_o condition_n and_o therefore_o he_o desire_v the_o duke_n of_o milan_n will_v not_o give_v any_o assistance_n to_o ferrando_n and_o offer_v he_o such_o town_n as_o he_o have_v possess_v former_o in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o contrivance_n calisto_n die_v and_o pius_fw-la 2._o chair_n succeed_v he_o who_o be_v a_o siâ—nnesi_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o piccol_n huomini_n and_o his_o name_n aeneas_n this_o pope_n employ_v his_o thought_n whole_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o christendom_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o church_n and_o lay_v aside_o all_o private_a passion_n and_o 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the_o last_o french_a petrino_n fregosi_n be_v retire_v to_o a_o castle_n of_o he_o in_o riveria_n much_o discontent_a that_o giovanni_n d'_fw-fr angio_n have_v be_v prefer_v to_o his_o dignity_n in_o genoa_n by_o he_o and_o his_o family_n have_v not_o gratify_v they_o as_o they_o deserve_v so_o that_o by_o degree_n it_o be_v come_v to_o a_o feud_n ferrando_n be_v very_o well_o please_v with_o the_o difference_n as_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o secure_v he_o in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v pietrino_n supply_v both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n hope_v thereby_o giovanni_n may_v be_v expulse_v out_o of_o the_o state_n of_o genoa_n giovanni_n have_v notice_n of_o their_o intelligence_n send_v for_o relief_n into_o france_n which_o have_v receive_v he_o march_v out_o against_o pietrino_n but_o pietrino_n by_o the_o access_n of_o more_o supply_n from_o sundry_a place_n be_v grow_v too_o strong_a giovanni_n retreat_v and_o apply_v himself_o to_o secure_v the_o city_n which_o 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gismondo_n be_v his_o natural_a enemy_n that_o he_o desert_a ferrando_n and_o take_v up_o arm_n under_o giovanni_n ferrando_n send_v money_n likewise_o to_o federigo_n lord_n of_o urbino_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o can_v be_v expect_v get_v together_o a_o considerable_a army_n according_a to_o those_o time_n with_o which_o he_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o find_v they_o upon_o the_o river_n sarni_n he_o engage_v they_o but_o be_v defeat_v and_o his_o most_o considerable_a officer_n take_v after_o this_o victory_n most_o of_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n surrender_v to_o giovanni_n only_a naples_n &_o some_o few_o neighbour_a town_n and_o prince_n adhere_v still_o to_o ferrando_n giacopo_n piccinino_n advise_v to_o march_v direct_o for_o naples_n discomfit_v and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n but_o giovanni_n reply_v he_o will_v first_o ruin_v the_o country_n and_o then_o the_o city_n will_v come_v with_o more_o ease_n but_o his_o reject_v the_o counsel_n of_o piccinino_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o that_o design_n for_o he_o do_v not_o know_v that_o the_o member_n follow_v the_o head_n more_o natural_o than_o the_o head_n the_o member_n ferrando_n be_v flee_v into_o naples_n and_o there_o resort_v to_o he_o diverse_a of_o his_o subject_n who_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o home_n who_o he_o receive_v and_o have_v with_o all_o possible_a gentleness_n gain_v some_o money_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o get_v a_o small_a body_n of_o a_o army_n together_o he_o send_v new_a embassy_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o duke_n for_o supply_n and_o be_v relieve_v with_o more_o plenty_n and_o speed_n than_o before_o for_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o afraid_a that_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o kingdom_n will_v turn_v to_o their_o prejudice_n much_o strengthen_v by_o their_o supply_n ferrando_n march_v out_o of_o naples_n and_o have_v recover_v his_o reputation_n in_o part_n he_o recover_v some_o
cosimo_n say_v the_o pope_n be_v a_o old_a man_n but_o he_o have_v begin_v a_o enterprise_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o boy_n to_o the_o venetian_a ambassador_n who_o come_v to_o florence_n with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o alfonso_n to_o complain_v of_o that_o commonwealth_n put_v his_o hat_n off_o to_o they_o he_o demand_v the_o colour_n of_o his_o hair_n they_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v gray_a he_o reply_v in_o time_n your_o senator_n will_v be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n not_o many_o hour_n before_o his_o death_n his_o wife_n see_v he_o shut_v his_o eye_n inquire_v why_o he_o do_v so_o and_o he_o tell_v she_o to_o use_v they_o some_o citizen_n after_o his_o return_n complain_v to_o he_o that_o the_o city_n will_v be_v depopulate_v and_o god_n almighty_a offend_v if_o he_o banish_v so_o many_o wealthy_a and_o religious_a man_n he_o tell_v they_o the_o city_n have_v better_o be_v depopulate_v than_o destroy_v that_o two_o yard_n of_o cloth_n be_v enough_o to_o keep_v a_o man_n from_o the_o cold_a and_o that_o state_n be_v not_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o the_o bead_n a_o man_n carry_v in_o his_o hand_n these_o last_o expression_n give_v his_o enemy_n occasion_n to_o calumniate_v he_o as_o a_o person_n that_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o himself_o than_o his_o country_n and_o one_o that_o take_v more_o care_n of_o this_o world_n than_o the_o next_o many_o other_o of_o his_o wise_a say_n may_v be_v insert_v but_o be_v unnecessary_a they_o be_v omit_v cosimo_n be_v likewise_o a_o great_a lover_n and_o advancer_n of_o learned_a man_n upon_o which_o score_n he_o entertain_v in_o florence_n argiropolo_fw-la a_o grecian_a as_o learned_a as_o any_o in_o his_o time_n that_o by_o he_o the_o youth_n of_o florence_n may_v be_v instruct_v in_o the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o in_o several_a of_o his_o tenet_n he_o entertain_v likewise_o in_o his_o house_n marcileo_n ficino_n a_o great_a patron_n of_o the_o platonic_a philosophy_n who_o he_o love_v so_o entire_o and_o that_o he_o may_v follow_v his_o study_n with_o more_o convenience_n he_o give_v he_o a_o house_n near_o his_o own_o palace_n at_o caraggi_n so_o that_o his_o prudence_n his_o beneficence_n his_o success_n and_o his_o way_n of_o live_v make_v he_o be_v belove_v and_o fear_v among_o the_o citizen_n and_o much_o esteem_v by_o all_o prince_n of_o europe_n whereby_o he_o leave_v such_o a_o foundation_n to_o his_o posterity_n that_o by_o their_o virtue_n they_o may_v equal_v he_o by_o their_o fortune_n transcend_v he_o and_o obtain_v as_o much_o honour_n as_o he_o have_v in_o florence_n in_o all_o the_o city_n and_o country_n of_o christendom_n nevertheless_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o day_n he_o have_v several_a affliction_n he_o have_v but_o two_o son_n piero_n and_o giovanni_n of_o which_o giovanni_n the_o most_o hopeful_a die_v and_o piero_n who_o survive_v be_v infirm_a and_o by_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n unfit_a either_o for_o public_a or_o private_a business_n so_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v carry_v about_o his_o house_n he_o sigh_v and_o say_v this_o house_n be_v too_o big_a for_o so_o small_a a_o family_n it_o trouble_v he_o also_o that_o he_o have_v not_o in_o his_o judgement_n enlarge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o florentine_a state_n nor_o add_v to_o it_o empire_n any_o considerable_a acquest_n and_o it_o be_v trouble_v he_o the_o more_o for_o that_o he_o find_v himself_o cheat_v by_o francisco_n who_o when_o he_o be_v but_o count_n have_v promise_v he_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o milan_n to_o employ_v his_o arm_n against_o lucca_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o florentine_n but_o his_o mind_n change_v with_o his_o fortune_n and_o have_v get_v to_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o milan_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o enjoy_v in_o peace_n what_o he_o have_v obtain_v by_o war_n so_o that_o after_o his_o elevation_n he_o never_o meddle_v in_o foreign_a concern_v nor_o make_v any_o more_o war_n than_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o defence_n which_o be_v a_o great_a disturbance_n to_o cosimo_n who_o now_o discern_v he_o have_v be_v at_o great_a pain_n and_o expense_n to_o advance_v a_o man_n who_o be_v both_o false_a and_o ingrateful_a he_o perceive_v likewise_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o infirmity_n of_o his_o body_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o apply_v himself_o to_o public_a or_o private_a business_n as_o he_o be_v wont_a and_o he_o see_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o decline_v the_o city_n go_v to_o wrack_n by_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o his_o fortune_n by_o his_o minister_n and_o son_n these_o consideration_n give_v he_o no_o little_a disquiet_n towards_o his_o end_n yet_o he_o die_v full_a of_o glory_n and_o renown_n all_o the_o city_n and_o prince_n of_o christendom_n send_v their_o compliment_n of_o condolency_n to_o his_o son_n piero_n the_o whole_a city_n attend_v his_o corpse_n with_o 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to_o visit_v the_o church_n of_o that_o martyr_n they_o pitch_v upon_o that_o for_o the_o time_n and_o the_o place_n the_o morning_n arrive_v they_o cause_v some_o of_o their_o principal_a friend_n and_o servant_n to_o arm_n pretend_v they_o be_v to_o assist_v giovanandrea_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o some_o of_o his_o enemy_n be_v to_o bring_v certain_a pipe_n of_o water_n into_o his_o ground_n for_o his_o great_a convenience_n be_v arm_v according_a to_o direction_n they_o conduct_v they_o to_o the_o church_n allege_v that_o they_o will_v get_v leave_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o justify_v what_o may_v happen_v they_o cause_v several_a other_o likewise_o of_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n to_o meet_v there_o upon_o several_a pretence_n presume_v when_o the_o stroke_n be_v strike_v and_o the_o business_n do_v to_o their_o hand_n they_o will_v hall_n in_o then_o without_o any_o difficulty_n or_o scruple_n their_o resolution_n be_v â—as_v soon_o as_o the_o duke_n be_v 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he_o be_v necessitate_v as_o it_o be_v to_o go_v to_o church_n before_o he_o go_v he_o cause_v giovan_n galeazzo_n and_o hermes_n his_o son_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o and_o when_o they_o come_v he_o kiss_v and_o embrace_v they_o as_o if_o he_o be_v never_o to_o see_v they_o again_o at_o length_n and_o very_o loath_a be_v part_v from_o they_o he_o resolve_v to_o go_v to_o church_n and_o march_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n betwixt_o the_o ambassador_n of_o ferrara_n and_o mantova_n he_o go_v towards_o s._n stephens_n the_o conspirator_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o give_v the_o less_o suspicion_n and_o avoid_v the_o cold_a which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o great_a be_v go_v up_o into_o a_o chamber_n belong_v to_o the_o archpriest_n who_o be_v of_o their_o acquaintance_n but_o hear_v the_o duke_n be_v come_v they_o go_v down_o and_o place_v themselves_o in_o the_o porch_n giovanandrea_n and_o girolamo_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o charles_n on_o the_o left_a those_o who_o 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it_o a_o reputation_n the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o ratify_v the_o peace_n which_o lorenzo_n have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n and_o they_o appoint_v antonio_n ridolfi_n and_o piero_n nasi_n ambassador_n to_o the_o pope_n notwithstanding_o this_o peace_n the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n depart_v from_o the_o country_n of_o sienna_n with_o his_o army_n pretend_v he_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o dissension_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o be_v quarter_v not_o far_o off_o he_o be_v invite_v into_o the_o town_n and_o their_o defference_n refer_v to_o his_o arbitration_n the_o duke_n accept_v the_o overture_n fine_v several_a of_o the_o citizen_n imprison_v several_a banish_v some_o and_o some_o he_o put_v to_o death_n so_o that_o he_o become_v suspicious_a not_o only_o to_o the_o sienesi_fw-la but_o to_o the_o florentine_n also_o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o make_v himself_o prince_n of_o that_o city_n nor_o can_v they_o devise_v any_o remedy_n see_v they_o 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the_o besiege_a be_v not_o to_o be_v master_v for_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o brave_o he_o be_v force_v to_o draw_v off_o and_o quit_v the_o siege_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o dishonour_n have_v leave_v rhodes_n he_o send_v part_n of_o his_o fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o giacometto_n bascia_fw-la towards_o velona_n and_o either_o upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o easiness_n of_o the_o enterprise_n or_o express_v command_v from_o the_o grand_a signore_v to_o that_o purpose_n coast_v about_o italy_n on_o a_o sudden_a he_o land_v 6000_o man_n assaulted_z the_o city_n of_o otranto_n take_v it_o plunder_v it_o kill_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v fortify_v both_o the_o town_n and_o the_o harbour_n as_o much_o as_o possible_o he_o can_v and_o with_o a_o good_a party_n of_o horse_n scour_v the_o whole_a country_n about_o it_o the_o king_n be_v much_o alarm_v at_o this_o invasion_n as_o know_v how_o great_a a_o monarch_n he_o have_v to_o deal_v 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and_o tuscany_n be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n for_o the_o florentine_n keep_v antonio_n da_fw-mi marciano_n with_o his_o force_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o serezana_n and_o with_o excursion_n and_o skirmish_n keep_v the_o serezani_fw-la in_o perpetual_a alarm_n in_o genoa_n battistino_n fregoso_n doge_n of_o that_o city_n repose_v too_o much_o confidence_n in_o paulo_n fregoso_n the_o archbishop_n be_v himself_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n seize_v by_o he_o and_o the_o archbishop_n make_v himself_o prince_n the_o venetian_a fleet_n have_v at_o that_o time_n assault_v the_o king_n of_o naples_n possess_v themselves_o of_o galipoli_n and_o alarm_v all_o the_o town_n about_o it_o but_o upon_o the_o peace_n in_o lombardy_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v compose_v except_o those_o in_o tuscany_n and_o rome_n for_o the_o pope_n die_v five_o day_n after_o the_o peace_n be_v proclaim_v either_o his_o time_n be_v then_o come_v or_o else_o his_o indignation_n at_o the_o peace_n against_o which_o he_o be_v most_o obstinate_o averse_a have_v kill_v he_o however_o he_o leave_v all_o italy_n quiet_a when_o he_o die_v though_o whilst_o he_o live_v he_o keep_v it_o constant_o embroil_v upon_o his_o death_n rome_n be_v immediate_o in_o arm_n count_n girolamo_n with_o his_o force_n retire_v to_o the_o castle_n the_o ursini_n be_v fearful_a the_o colonni_n will_v revenge_v the_o injury_n they_o have_v so_o late_o receive_v the_o colonni_n demand_v their_o house_n and_o castle_n to_o be_v make_v good_a so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o day_n murder_n robery_n and_o burn_v of_o house_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o the_o cardinal_n have_v persuade_v girolamo_n to_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o college_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o own_o government_n and_o free_a the_o city_n from_o his_o force_n hope_v thereby_o to_o make_v the_o next_o pope_n his_o friend_n he_o ready_o obey_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o college_n and_o draw_v off_o his_o force_n to_o imola_n so_o that_o the_o cardinal_n be_v rid_v of_o that_o fear_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o assistance_n they_o expect_v from_o girolamo_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n and_o after_o some_o little_a dispute_n they_o make_v choice_n of_o giovan_n battista_n cibo_fw-la cardinal_n di_fw-it malfetta_n a_o genoese_a with_o the_o name_n of_o innocent_a the_o 8_o who_o by_o the_o easiness_n of_o his_o nature_n be_v a_o man_n of_o peace_n prevail_v with_o they_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o once_o more_o make_v all_o quiet_a at_o rome_n notwithstanding_o this_o peace_n the_o florentine_n can_v not_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o be_v quiet_a it_o appear_v to_o they_o dishonourable_a and_o insufferable_a that_o a_o private_a gentleman_n shall_v have_v take_v and_o keep_v from_o they_o the_o castle_n of_o serazana_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o article_n in_o the_o peace_n that_o not_o only_o all_o that_o have_v be_v lose_v may_v be_v demand_v again_o but_o that_o war_n may_v be_v wage_v against_o any_o that_o obstruct_v it_o they_o prepare_v man_n and_o money_n to_o go_v on_o with_o that_o enterprise_n whereupon_o agostino_n fregoso_n who_o have_v surprise_v serazana_n find_v himself_o unable_a with_o his_o private_a force_n to_o sustain_v such_o a_o war_n he_o resign_v it_o to_o s._n george_n and_o see_v we_o shall_v many_o time_n have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v s._n george_n and_o the_o genoesi_n giorgio_n it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o describe_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a in_o italy_n when_o the_o genoesi_n have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o venetian_n after_o the_o great_a war_n in_o which_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v engage_v not_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v certain_a citizen_n who_o have_v advance_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a they_o make_v over_o to_o they_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o dogana_n appoint_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v share_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o his_o principal_a sum_n till_o his_o whole_a debt_n shall_v be_v wrought_v out_o and_o for_o their_o convenience_n of_o meeting_n and_o better_a dispose_n of_o their_o affair_n they_o consign_v the_o palace_n to_o they_o which_o be_v over_o the_o custom-house_n these_o creditor_n erect_v a_o kind_n of_o government_n among_o themselves_o create_v a_o counsel_n of_o 100_o to_o deliberate_v and_o order_v all_o public_a matter_n and_o another_o of_o eight_o citizen_n to_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n their_o debt_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n which_o they_o call_v luoghi_n and_o their_o whole_a body_n be_v call_v san._n giorgia_n have_v establish_v their_o government_n in_o this_o manner_n new_a exigence_n arise_v every_o day_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o
advance_v against_o the_o castle_n and_o have_v plant_v their_o gun_n they_o batter_v it_o exceed_o this_o attack_z be_v new_a and_o unexpected_a to_o the_o florentine_n insomuch_o that_o they_o draw_v what_o force_n they_o be_v able_a together_o under_o the_o command_n of_o urginio_n ursino_n at_o pisa_n and_o make_v their_o complaint_n to_o the_o pope_n that_o whilst_o he_o be_v in_o treaty_n with_o they_o for_o peace_n the_o genoeses_n have_v invade_v they_o after_o which_o they_o send_v piero_n corsini_n to_o lucca_n to_o preserve_v that_o city_n in_o its_o allegiance_n they_o send_v likewise_o pagocantonio_n soderini_n their_o ambassador_n to_o venice_n to_o try_v the_o mind_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n they_o desire_v aid_v likewise_o of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o signior_n lodovico_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o supply_v they_o the_o king_n pretend_v apprehension_n of_o the_o turkish_a fleet_n and_o lodovico_n with_o other_o shift_n delay_v to_o relieve_v they_o so_o that_o the_o florentine_n as_o they_o usual_o be_v be_v leave_v alone_o in_o their_o necessity_n find_v no_o body_n so_o well_o dispose_v to_o assist_v they_o as_o they_o be_v to_o assist_v other_o people_n nevertheless_o be_v not_o strange_a to_o they_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o discourage_v but_o raise_v a_o great_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o giacopo_n guicciardini_n and_o pietro_n vettori_n they_o send_v they_o against_o the_o enemy_n who_o have_v lodge_v himself_o upon_o the_o river_n magra_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n serazanello_n be_v close_o besiege_v and_o what_o with_o mine_n and_o battery_n bring_v to_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v take_v whereupon_o a_o counsel_n be_v call_v it_o be_v resolve_v to_o leave_v it_o and_o the_o enemy_n not_o at_o all_o decline_a they_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n overthrow_v in_o which_o the_o genoesi_n be_v defeat_v lodovico_n dal_n fiesco_fw-la and_o several_a of_o their_o principal_a officer_n take_v prisoner_n yet_o this_o 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in_o our_o favour_n but_o hold_v a_o correspondence_n in_o genoa_n a_o party_n mutinied_a against_o the_o government_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o force_n secure_v the_o town_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n about_o this_o time_n the_o german_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o venetian_n and_o boccelino_n d'_fw-fr osimo_n nella_n marca_n have_v cause_v osimo_n to_o revolt_v from_o the_o pope_n and_o make_v himself_o lord_n of_o it_o this_o boccelino_n after_o many_o accident_n be_v content_v upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o lorenzo_n di_fw-it medici_n to_o deliver_v up_o that_o town_n again_o to_o the_o pope_n which_o he_o do_v and_o come_v to_o florance_n he_o live_v there_o under_o lorenzo_n protection_n very_o honourable_a a_o considerable_a time_n but_o afterward_o remove_v to_o milan_n and_o not_o find_v the_o same_o faith_n as_o he_o have_v do_v at_o florance_n he_o w_v put_v to_o death_n by_o lodovico_n command_n the_o venetian_n be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o german_n near_o the_o city_n of_o trento_n be_v utter_o defeat_v defeat_v and_o signior_n roberto_n da_fw-mi san_n severino_n their_o general_n be_v slay_v after_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o victory_n according_a to_o their_o usual_a fortune_n the_o venetian_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o german_n but_o upon_o term_n as_o exceed_o honourable_a as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o conqueror_n about_o the_o same_o time_n great_a trouble_n arise_v likewise_o in_o romagna_n francisco_n d'_fw-fr orso_n of_o furli_fw-la be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o that_o city_n and_o fall_v under_o the_o suspicion_n of_o the_o count_n girolamo_n he_o be_v many_o time_n threaten_v by_o he_o so_o that_o francisco_n live_v in_o perpetual_a fear_n he_o be_v advise_v by_o his_o friend_n and_o relation_n to_o be_v before_o hand_n with_o the_o count_n and_o see_v his_o intention_n be_v manifest_o to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n he_o shall_v strike_v the_o first_o blow_n and_o make_v sure_a of_o the_o count_n and_o so_o by_o the_o death_n of_o another_o person_n secure_v himself_o this_o counsel_n begin_v give_v and_o as_o resolute_o undertake_v they_o appoint_v the_o time_n to_o be_v at_o the_o fair_a at_o furli_fw-la for_o several_a of_o their_o friend_n in_o the_o country_n come_v to_o the_o town_n on_o course_n that_o day_n they_o think_v they_o shall_v have_v enough_o of_o they_o present_a without_o the_o danger_n of_o invite_v they_o it_o be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o italian_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o sup_v by_o day_n light_n the_o conspirator_n think_v their_o best_a time_n to_o kill_v he_o will_v be_v after_o he_o have_v sup_v when_o the_o servant_n be_v go_v down_o to_o their_o own_o and_o leave_v he_o as_o it_o be_v alone_o in_o his_o chamber_n have_v agree_v upon_o the_o time_n francisco_n go_v to_o the_o count_n palace_n and_o have_v leave_v his_o accomplice_n below_o and_o tell_v one_o of_o his_o servant_n that_o he_o desire_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o count_n he_o be_v admit_v and_o find_v he_o alone_o after_o some_o previous_a and_o pretend_a discourse_n murder_v he_o take_v his_o opportunity_n and_o kill_v he_o then_o call_v up_o his_o companion_n the_o servant_n be_v slay_v likewise_o and_o then_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o castle_n come_v in_o by_o accident_n with_o some_o few_o in_o his_o company_n to_o speak_v with_o the_o count_n they_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o murder_v he_o with_o the_o rest_n have_v finish_v their_o work_n and_o raise_v a_o great_a hubub_n in_o the_o house_n the_o count_n body_n be_v throw_v out_o of_o the_o window_n a_o great_a cry_n make_v of_o liberty_n and_o the_o church_n and_o the_o people_n exhort_v to_o arm_n who_o abominate_v the_o cruelty_n and_o the_o avarice_n of_o the_o count_n fall_v upon_o his_o house_n plunder_v they_o and_o make_v the_o countess_n catherina_n his_o lady_n and_o her_o family_n prisoner_n and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o little_a opposition_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o castle_n which_o hinder_v the_o accomplishment_n of_o their_o design_n but_o that_o captain_n be_v obstinate_a and_o not_o to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o they_o to_o surrender_v they_o desire_v the_o countess_n to_o try_v if_o she_o can_v persuade_v he_o which_o she_o promise_v to_o endeavour_v if_o they_o will_v let_v she_o go_v to_o he_o into_o the_o castle_n and_o as_o hostage_n for_o her_o fidelity_n she_o will_v leave_v they_o her_o child_n the_o conspirator_n believe_v she_o and_o give_v her_o leave_n to_o go_v to_o he_o but_o she_o be_v no_o soon_o in_o the_o castle_n but_o she_o begin_v to_o swagger_v and_o threaten_v they_o with_o death_n in_o revenge_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o when_o they_o tell_v she_o they_o will_v kill_v all_o her_o child_n she_o bid_v they_o do_v their_o worst_a for_o she_o know_v how_o to_o have_v more_o the_o conspirator_n be_v not_o a_o little_a dismay_v at_o this_o accident_n they_o see_v the_o pope_n send_v they_o no_o succour_n and_o hear_v that_o lodovico_n the_o countess_n uncle_n be_v send_v force_n to_o her_o relief_n they_o pack_v up_o what_o they_o can_v and_o away_o they_o go_v to_o castello_n so_o that_o the_o countess_n be_v restore_v she_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n with_o all_o possible_a cruelty_n husband_n the_o florentine_n have_v news_n of_o what_o happen_v to_o the_o count_n and_o immediate_o take_v occasion_n to_o attempt_v the_o castle_n of_o piancaldoli_n which_o have_v be_v former_o take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o say_a count_n and_o according_o send_v their_o force_n thither_o they_o retake_v it_o but_o with_o the_o death_n of_o ciecco_n a_o most_o excellent_a architect_n about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o tumult_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n another_o of_o no_o less_o importance_n fall_v out_o in_o the_o country_n of_o romagna_n galeotto_n lord_n of_o faenza_n be_v marry_v to_o
courageous_a nor_o can_v any_o think_v be_v object_v sufficient_a to_o eclipse_v these_o virtue_n though_o he_o be_v indeed_o addict_v to_o woman_n take_v too_o much_o pleasure_n in_o the_o company_n of_o witty_a and_o satirical_a man_n and_o will_v play_v at_o boy_n play_v sometime_o beneath_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o office_n for_o he_o will_v play_v many_o time_n with_o his_o child_n at_o all_o the_o most_o idle_a and_o childish_a recreation_n they_o will_v put_v he_o to_o so_o that_o if_o the_o gravity_n of_o his_o life_n be_v consider_v with_o its_o levity_n he_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o several_a person_n unite_v by_o a_o almost_o impossible_a conjunction_n the_o last_o part_n of_o his_o day_n be_v full_a of_o sorrow_n and_o disquiet_n occasion_v by_o the_o distemper_n of_o his_o body_n for_o he_o be_v sore_o afflict_v with_o intolerable_a pain_n at_o his_o stomach_n die_v which_o bring_v he_o so_o low_o that_o in_o april_n 1492_o he_o die_v in_o the_o 43_o year_n of_o his_o age_n never_o be_v there_o any_o man_n not_o only_o in_o florence_n but_o italy_n who_o depart_v with_o more_o reputation_n for_o his_o wisdom_n nor_o more_o lamentation_n to_o his_o country_n and_o because_o upon_o his_o death_n many_o desolation_n be_v like_a to_o ensue_v the_o heaven_n themselves_o do_v seem_v to_o presage_v it_o the_o spire_n of_o the_o church_n of_o s._n riparata_n be_v strike_v with_o thunder_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o steeple_n be_v destroy_v by_o it_o to_o the_o great_a consternation_n of_o the_o city_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n bewail_v he_o which_o be_v particulary_a manifest_v by_o their_o several_a compliment_n of_o condolency_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v reason_v or_o not_o for_o what_o they_o do_v the_o effect_n which_o succeed_v a_o while_n after_o do_v clear_o demonstrate_v for_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o counsel_n italy_n can_v not_o find_v one_o remain_v able_a to_o satiate_v or_o restrain_v the_o ambition_n of_o lodovico_n duke_n of_o milan_n for_o want_v of_o which_o after_o his_o death_n such_o seed_n of_o dissension_n break_v forth_o as_o have_v perplex_v and_o embroil_v all_o italy_n ever_o since_o the_o prince_z together_o with_o the_o original_a of_o the_o gvelf_n and_o ghibilin_n life_n of_o castruccio_n castracani_n murder_n of_o vitelli_n etc._n etc._n by_o duke_n valentino_n state_n of_o france_n state_n of_o germany_n by_o nicolas_n machiavelli_n faithful_o english_v london_n print_v for_o john_n starkey_n charles_n harper_n and_o john_n amery_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1680._o nicolo_n machiavelli_n to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a lorenzo_z son_n of_o piero_n de_fw-fr medici_n those_o who_o desire_v the_o favour_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v common_o introduce_v themselves_o by_o present_v he_o with_o such_o thing_n as_o he_o either_o value_v much_o or_o do_v more_o than_o ordinary_o delight_n in_o for_o which_o reason_n he_o be_v frequent_o present_v with_o horse_n arm_n cloth_n of_o gold_n jewel_n and_o such_o ornament_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o grandeur_n be_v ambitious_a to_o present_v myself_o to_o your_o highness_n with_o some_o testimony_n of_o my_o devotion_n towards_o you_o in_o all_o my_o wardrobe_n i_o can_v not_o find_v any_o thing_n more_o precious_a at_o least_o to_o myself_o than_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o conduct_n and_o achievement_n of_o great_a man_n which_o i_o learn_v by_o long_a conversation_n in_o modern_a affair_n and_o a_o continual_a investigation_n of_o old_a after_o long_a and_o diligent_a examination_n have_v reduce_v all_o into_o a_o small_a volume_n i_o do_v presume_v to_o present_v to_o your_o highness_n and_o though_o i_o can_v think_v it_o a_o work_n fit_a to_o appear_v in_o your_o presence_n yet_o my_o confidence_n in_o your_o bounty_n be_v such_o i_o hope_v it_o may_v be_v accept_v consider_v i_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o more_o than_o present_v you_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o understanding_n in_o a_o short_a time_n what_o for_o several_a year_n with_o infinite_a labour_n and_o hazard_n i_o have_v be_v gather_v together_o nor_o have_v i_o beautify_v or_o adorn_v it_o with_o rhetorical_a ornation_n or_o such_o outward_a embellishment_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o such_o description_n i_o have_v rather_o it_o shall_v pass_v without_o any_o approbation_n than_o owe_v it_o to_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o truth_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o matter_n i_o will_v not_o have_v it_o impute_v to_o i_o as_o presumption_n if_o a_o inferior_a person_n as_o i_o be_o pretend_v not_o only_o to_o treat_v of_o but_o to_o prescribe_v and_o regulate_v the_o proceed_n of_o prince_n for_o as_o they_o who_o take_v the_o landscape_n of_o a_o country_n to_o consider_v the_o mountain_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o high_a place_n do_v descend_v ordinary_o into_o the_o plain_n and_o dispose_v themselves_o upon_o the_o hill_n to_o take_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o valley_n in_o like_a manner_n to_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v a_o prince_n and_o to_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o prince_n it_o be_v as_o requisite_a to_o be_v of_o the_o people_n may_v your_o highness_n then_o accept_v this_o book_n with_o as_o much_o kindness_n as_o it_o be_v present_v and_o if_o you_o please_v diligent_o and_o deliberate_o to_o reslect_v upon_o it_o you_o will_v find_v in_o it_o my_o extreme_a desire_n that_o your_o highness_n may_v arrive_v at_o that_o grandeur_n which_o fortune_n and_o your_o accomplishment_n do_v seem_v to_o presage_v from_o which_o pinnacle_n of_o honour_n if_o your_o highness_n vouchsafe_v at_o any_o time_n to_o look_v down_o upon_o thing_n below_o you_o will_v see_v how_o unjust_o and_o how_o continual_o i_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o malignity_n of_o fortune_n machiavel_n prince_n chap._n i._n the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v obtain_v there_o never_o be_v nor_o be_v at_o this_o day_n any_o government_n in_o the_o world_n by_o which_o one_o man_n have_v rule_v and_o dominion_n over_o another_o but_o it_o be_v either_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o a_o monarchy_n monarchy_n be_v either_o hereditary_a where_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o sovereign_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n in_o possession_n or_o where_o they_o be_v but_o new_a the_o new_a be_v either_o so_o whole_o and_o entire_o as_o milan_n be_v to_o francis_n sforza_n or_o annex_v to_o the_o hereditary_a dominion_n of_o the_o conqueror_n as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n these_o territory_n thus_o acquire_v be_v accustom_v either_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o some_o prince_n or_o to_o live_v at_o liberty_n and_o free_a and_o be_v subdue_v either_o by_o his_o auxiliaries_n or_o own_o force_n by_o his_o good_a fortune_n or_o conduct_v chap._n ii_o of_o hereditary_a principality_n i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v of_o commonwealth_n as_o have_v discourse_v of_o they_o large_o elsewhere_o and_o write_v in_o this_o place_n only_o of_o principality_n and_o how_o according_a to_o the_o forego_n division_n the_o say_a principality_n may_v be_v govern_v and_o maintain_v i_o do_v affirm_v then_o that_o hereditary_a state_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o the_o family_n of_o their_o prince_n be_v preserve_v with_o less_o difficulty_n than_o the_o new_a and_o because_o it_o be_v sufficient_a not_o to_o transgress_v the_o example_n of_o their_o predecessor_n and_o next_o to_o comply_v and_o frame_v themselves_o to_o the_o accident_n that_o occur_v so_o that_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o person_n of_o competent_a industry_n he_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o keep_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n unless_o he_o be_v supplant_v by_o some_o great_a and_o more_o than_o ordinary_a force_n and_o even_o then_o when_o so_o supplant_v fortune_n can_v never_o turn_v tail_n or_o be_v adverse_a to_o the_o usurper_n but_o he_o will_v stand_v fair_a to_o be_v restore_v of_o this_o italy_n afford_v we_o a_o example_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n who_o support_v brave_o against_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o venetian_n in_o 1484_o and_o afterward_o against_o pope_n julius_n 10_o upon_o no_o other_o foundation_n but_o his_o antiquity_n in_o that_o government_n for_o a_o natural_a prince_n have_v not_o so_o much_o occasion_n or_o necessity_n to_o oppress_v his_o subject_n whereby_o it_o follow_v he_o must_v be_v better_a belove_v and_o retain_v more_o of_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n unless_o some_o extraordinary_a vice_n concur_v to_o make_v he_o odious_a so_o that_o the_o succession_n and_o coherence_n of_o his_o government_n take_v away_o the_o cause_n and_o memory_n of_o innovation_n for_o one_o new_a change_n leave_v always_o as_o in_o building_n a_o tothe_a and_o aptitude_n of_o another_o chap._n iii_o of_o mix_a principality_n but_o the_o
the_o mind_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v above_o all_o thing_n to_o endeavour_v to_o ingratiate_v with_o the_o people_n which_o will_v be_v as_o the_o other_o if_o he_o undertake_v their_o protection_n and_o man_n receive_v good_a office_n where_o they_o expect_v ill_a be_v endear_v by_o the_o surprise_n and_o become_v better_o affect_v to_o their_o benefactor_n than_o perhaps_o they_o will_v have_v be_v have_v he_o be_v make_v prince_n by_o their_o immediate_a favour_n there_o be_v many_o way_n of_o insinuate_a with_o the_o people_n of_o which_o no_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v because_o they_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v pass_v they_o at_o this_o time_n conclude_v with_o this_o assertion_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a above_o all_o thing_n that_o a_o prince_n preserve_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n otherwise_o in_o any_o exigence_n he_o have_v no_o refuge_n nor_o remedy_n nabide_v prince_n of_o the_o spartan_n sustain_v all_o greece_n and_o a_o victorious_a army_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o defend_v the_o government_n and_o country_n against_o they_o all_o and_o to_o do_v that_o great_a action_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o he_o to_o secure_v himself_o against_o the_o machination_n of_o a_o few_o whereas_o if_o the_o people_n have_v be_v his_o enemy_n that_o will_v not_o have_v do_v it_o let_v no_o man_n impugn_v my_o opinion_n with_o that_o old_a say_n he_o that_o build_v upon_o the_o people_n build_v upon_o the_o sand_n that_o be_v true_a indeed_o when_o a_o citizen_n of_o private_a condition_n rely_v upon_o the_o people_n and_o persuade_v himself_o that_o when_o the_o magistrate_n or_o his_o adversary_n go_v about_o to_o oppress_v he_o they_o will_v bring_v he_o off_o in_o which_o case_n many_o precedent_n may_v be_v produce_v and_o particular_o the_o gracchi_n in_o rome_n and_o georgio_n scali_n in_o florence_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n that_o build_v upon_o they_o know_v how_o to_o command_v and_o be_v a_o man_n of_o courage_n not_o deject_v in_o adversity_n nor_o deficient_a in_o his_o other_o preparation_n but_o keep_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o people_n by_o his_o own_o valour_n and_o conduct_n he_o shall_v never_o be_v desert_v by_o they_o nor_o find_v his_o foundation_n lay_v in_o a_o wrong_a place_n these_o kind_n of_o government_n be_v most_o totter_a and_o uncertain_a when_o the_o prince_n strain_v of_o a_o sudden_a and_o pass_v as_o at_o one_o leap_n from_o a_o civil_a to_o a_o absolute_a power_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o either_o command_n and_o act_n by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o ministry_n and_o mediation_n of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o this_o last_o case_n their_o authority_n be_v weak_a and_o more_o ticklish_a because_o it_o depend_v much_o upon_o the_o pleasure_n and_o concurrence_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n who_o in_o time_n of_o adversity_n especial_o can_v remove_v they_o easy_o either_o by_o neglect_v or_o resist_v their_o command_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o way_n for_o such_o a_o prince_n in_o the_o perplexity_n of_o his_o affair_n to_o establish_v a_o tyranny_n because_o those_o citizen_n and_o subject_n who_o use_v to_o exercise_v the_o magistracy_n retain_v still_o such_o power_n and_o influence_n upon_o the_o people_n that_o they_o will_v not_o infringe_v the_o law_n to_o obey_v he_o and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n he_o shall_v always_o want_v such_o as_o he_o can_v trust_v so_o that_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o take_v his_o measure_n according_a to_o what_o he_o see_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n when_o of_o the_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o to_o be_v govern_v every_o one_o run_v every_o one_o promise_n and_o every_o one_o die_v for_o he_o when_o death_n be_v at_o a_o distance_n but_o when_o time_n be_v tempestuous_a and_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o state_n have_v need_n of_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o subject_a there_o be_v but_o few_o will_v expose_v themselves_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v the_o more_o dangerous_a because_o it_o can_v be_v practise_v but_o once_o so_o then_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v provident_a and_o wise_a aught_o to_o carry_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o all_o place_n time_n and_o occasion_n the_o people_n may_v have_v need_n of_o his_o administration_n and_o regiment_n a_o ever_o after_o they_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a chap._n x._o how_o the_o strength_n of_o all_o principality_n be_v to_o be_v compute_v to_o any_o man_n that_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o principality_n it_o be_v worthy_a his_o consideration_n whether_o a_o prince_n have_v power_n and_o territory_n enough_o to_o subsist_v by_o himself_o or_o whether_o he_o need_v the_o assistance_n and_o protection_n of_o other_o people_n to_o clear_v the_o point_n a_o little_a better_o i_o think_v those_o prince_n capable_a of_o rule_v who_o be_v able_a either_o by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o man_n or_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o wealth_n to_o raise_v a_o complete_a army_n and_o bid_v battle_n to_o any_o that_o shall_v invade_v they_o and_o those_o i_o think_v depend_v upon_o other_o who_o of_o themselves_o dare_v not_o meet_v their_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n but_o be_v force_v to_o keep_v within_o their_o bound_n and_o defend_v they_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v of_o the_o first_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o and_o shall_v say_v more_o as_o occasion_n be_v present_v of_o the_o second_o no_o more_o can_v be_v say_v but_o to_o advise_v such_o prince_n to_o strengthen_v and_o fortify_v the_o capital_a town_n in_o their_o dominion_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o whoever_o shall_v do_v that_o and_o in_o other_o thing_n manage_v himself_o with_o the_o subject_n as_o i_o have_v describe_v and_o perhaps_o shall_v do_v hereafter_o shall_v with_o great_a caution_n be_v invade_v for_o man_n be_v general_o wary_a and_o tender_a of_o enterprize_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v difficult_a and_o no_o great_a easiness_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o attacking_z a_o town_n well_o fortify_v and_o provide_v where_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o hate_v by_o the_o people_n the_o town_n in_o germany_n be_v many_o of_o they_o free_a though_o their_o country_n and_o district_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o they_o obey_v the_o emperor_n but_o when_o they_o please_v and_o be_v in_o no_o awe_n either_o of_o he_o or_o any_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n because_o they_o be_v all_o so_o well_o fortify_v every_o one_o look_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o any_o one_o of_o they_o as_o a_o work_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o time_n their_o wall_n be_v so_o strong_a their_o ditch_n so_o deep_a their_o work_n so_o regular_a and_o well_o provide_v with_o cannon_n and_o their_o store_n and_o magazine_n always_o furnish_v for_o a_o twelvemonth_n beside_o which_o for_o the_o aliment_n and_o sustenance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v no_o burden_n to_o the_o public_a they_o have_v work-house_n where_o for_o a_o year_n together_o the_o poor_a may_v be_v employ_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o nerve_n and_o life_n of_o that_o city_n and_o sustain_v themselves_o by_o their_o labour_n military_a discipline_n and_o exercise_n be_v likewise_o much_o request_v there_o and_o many_o law_n and_o good_a custom_n they_o have_v to_o maintain_v they_o a_o prince_n then_o who_o have_v a_o city_n well_o fortify_v and_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v molest_v and_o he_o that_o do_v molest_v he_o be_v like_a to_o repent_v it_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o world_n be_v so_o various_a it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o any_o army_n to_o lie_v quiet_o a_o whole_a year_n before_o a_o town_n without_o interruption_n if_o any_o object_n that_o the_o people_n have_v house_n and_o possession_n out_o of_o the_o town_n will_v not_o have_v patience_n to_o see_v they_o plunder_v and_o burn_v and_o that_o charity_n to_o themselves_o will_v make_v they_o forget_v their_o prince_n i_o answer_v that_o a_o wise_a and_o dexterous_a prince_n will_v easy_o evade_v those_o difficulty_n by_o encourage_v his_o subject_n and_o persuade_v they_o sometime_o their_o trouble_n will_v not_o be_v long_o sometime_o inculcate_v and_o possess_v they_o with_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o sometime_o by_o correct_v and_o secure_v himself_o nimble_o of_o such_o as_o appear_v too_o turbulent_a and_o audacious_a moreover_o the_o usual_a practice_n be_v for_o the_o enemy_n to_o plunder_v and_o set_v the_o country_n on_o fire_n at_o their_o first_o come_n while_o every_o man_n spirit_n be_v high_a and_o fix_v upon_o defence_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n need_v not_o concern_v himself_o nor_o be_v fearful_a of_o that_o for_o those_o mischief_n be_v pass_v and_o inconvenience_n receive_v and_o when_o the_o people_n in_o three_o or_o
his_o design_n to_o eight_o of_o his_o principal_n intimate_v among_o who_o don_n michael_n and_o monsignor_n d'_fw-fr euna_n be_v two_o and_o appoint_v that_o when_o vitellozzo_n pagolo_n ursini_n the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n and_o oliverotto_n shall_v come_v to_o meet_v he_o two_o of_o his_o favourite_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o order_v it_o so_o as_o to_o get_v one_o of_o the_o ursini_n betwixt_o they_o assign_v every_o couple_n his_o man_n and_o entertain_v they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o sinigaglia_n with_o express_a injunction_n not_o to_o part_v with_o they_o upon_o any_o term_n till_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o duke_n lodging_n and_o take_v into_o custody_n after_o this_o he_o order_v his_o whole_a army_n horse_n and_o foot_n which_o consist_v of_o 2000_o of_o the_o first_o and_o 10000_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o be_v ready_o draw_v up_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o metauro_n about_o five_o mile_n distant_a from_o fano_fw-la and_o to_o expect_v his_o arrival_n be_v come_v up_o to_o they_o upon_o the_o metauro_n he_o command_v out_o two_o hundred_o horse_n as_o a_o forlorn_a and_o then_o cause_v the_o foot_n to_o march_v he_o bring_v up_o the_o rear_n himself_o with_o the_o remainder_n fano_fw-la and_o sinigaglia_n be_v two_o city_n in_o la_fw-fr marca_n seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o about_o 15_o mile_n so_o that_o travel_v up_o towards_o sinigaglia_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v so_o near_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v almost_o wash_v by_o the_o water_n &_o at_o the_o great_a distance_n they_o be_v not_o above_o two_o mile_n the_o city_n of_o sinigaglia_n from_o these_o mountain_n be_v not_o above_o a_o flight_n shoot_v and_o the_o tide_n come_v up_o within_o less_o than_o a_o mile_n by_o the_o side_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v a_o little_a river_n which_o run_v close_o by_o the_o wall_n next_o fano_fw-la and_o be_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o road_n 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division_n betwixt_o the_o free_a state_n and_o the_o prince_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o different_a humour_n in_o that_o country_n which_o in_o general_n be_v two_o the_o swisser_n be_v become_v enemy_n to_o all_o germany_n and_o the_o prince_n to_o the_o emperor_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a perhaps_o that_o the_o swisser_n and_o free_a state_n shall_v be_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n see_v the_o preservation_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o prince_n be_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o both_o but_o their_o discord_n be_v from_o this_o that_o the_o swisser_n be_v not_o only_a enemy_n to_o the_o prince_n but_o to_o all_o gentleman_n whatever_o and_o in_o their_o country_n they_o have_v neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o live_v without_o distinction_n of_o person_n unless_o in_o their_o magistrate_n in_o
or_o foreign_a supply_n have_v have_v various_a event_n as_o fortune_n be_v please_v to_o befriend_v they_o catiline_n be_v ruin_v hanno_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o fail_v in_o his_o poison_n arm_v many_o thousand_o of_o his_o partisan_n which_o be_v all_o slay_v with_o he_o certain_a of_o the_o principal_a citizen_n of_o thebes_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o spartan_a army_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o city_n and_o tyrannize_v over_o it_o so_o that_o if_o all_o conspiracy_n against_o their_o country_n be_v examine_v there_o will_v none_o or_o but_o very_o few_o be_v find_v to_o have_v miscarry_v in_o the_o management_n but_o the_o whole_a stress_n of_o their_o good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n have_v lie_v upon_o the_o execution_n which_o be_v once_o pass_v they_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o more_o danger_n than_o what_o depend_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n for_o when_o a_o man_n usurp_v and_o make_v himself_o a_o tyrant_n he_o expose_v himself_o to_o those_o natural_a and_o inseparable_a danger_n which_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o tyranny_n against_o which_o he_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n than_o what_o have_v be_v describe_v before_o this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o write_v upon_o the_o subject_n of_o conspiracy_n and_o if_o i_o have_v discourse_v only_o of_o those_o which_o be_v execute_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o not_o by_o poison_n it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v the_o same_o order_n and_o method_n true_a it_o be_v the_o way_n of_o poison_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a as_o be_v the_o more_o uncertain_a because_o every_o one_o have_v not_o convenience_n but_o be_v force_v to_o confer_v with_o other_o people_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o that_o conference_n be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v beside_o many_o thing_n happen_v which_o make_v your_o potion_n ineffectual_a as_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o those_o who_o kill_v commodus_n who_o have_v disgorge_v his_o poison_n force_v the_o conspirator_n to_o strangle_v he_o prince_n then_o have_v no_o enemy_n to_o which_o they_o be_v more_o dangerous_o expose_v than_o to_o these_o conspiracy_n because_o they_o be_v never_o undertake_v against_o any_o of_o they_o but_o they_o take_v away_o his_o life_n or_o reputation_n if_o they_o succeed_v he_o die_v if_o they_o miscarry_v and_o the_o instrument_n be_v put_v to_o death_n it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o pretence_n and_o invention_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o satiate_v his_o avarice_n or_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o blood_n or_o fortune_n of_o his_o enemy_n my_o advice_n therefore_o be_v both_o to_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n before_o they_o think_v of_o revenge_n serious_o to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o it_o and_o to_o compare_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o conspirator_n with_o their_o own_o if_o they_o find_v they_o potent_a and_o strong_a till_o they_o have_v furnish_v themselves_o with_o a_o proportionable_a force_n no_o notice_n be_v to_o be_v take_v if_o notice_n be_v take_v they_o be_v unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o certain_o ruin_v for_o the_o conspirator_n find_v themselves_o discover_v will_v grow_v desperate_a and_o be_v under_o a_o necessity_n of_o venture_v let_v the_o success_n be_v what_o it_o will_n the_o roman_n may_v be_v a_o example_n of_o this_o way_n of_o dissemble_a for_o have_v as_o we_o say_v before_o leave_v two_o of_o their_o legion_n at_o capua_n for_o the_o security_n of_o that_o city_n against_o the_o samnite_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o say_a legion_n conspire_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o town_n the_o roman_n have_v notice_n of_o their_o design_n commit_v the_o prevention_n of_o it_o to_o rutilius_n their_o new_a consul_n who_o to_o lull_v and_o delude_v the_o conspirator_n give_v out_o that_o the_o senate_n have_v confirm_v that_o station_n to_o those_o legion_n for_o another_o winter_n which_o the_o legion_n believe_v and_o think_v than_o they_o shall_v have_v time_n enough_o they_o neglect_v to_o hasten_v their_o design_n till_o at_o length_n observe_v the_o consul_n to_o draw_v they_o away_o insensible_o and_o dispose_v they_o into_o other_o part_n they_o begin_v to_o suspect_v and_o that_o suspicion_n make_v they_o discover_v themselves_o and_o put_v their_o plot_n in_o execution_n nor_o can_v a_o example_n be_v bring_v more_o proper_o for_o either_o side_n for_o by_o it_o we_o may_v see_v how_o cool_a and_o remiss_a people_n be_v when_o they_o think_v they_o have_v time_n enough_o and_o how_o sudden_a and_o vigorous_a when_o necessity_n press_v they_o and_o the_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o will_v defer_v the_o discovery_n of_o a_o plot_n can_v do_v it_o with_o more_o advantage_n to_o himself_o than_o by_o give_v the_o conspirator_n some_o handsome_a occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o may_v execute_v it_o with_o more_o ease_n and_o security_n another_o time_n for_o thereby_o the_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n will_v have_v more_o leisure_n to_o provide_v for_o their_o defence_n they_o who_o have_v proceed_v otherwise_o have_v but_o hasten_v their_o own_o ruin_n as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n and_o gulielmo_n de_fw-fr pazzi_n the_o duke_n have_v make_v himself_o sovereign_a in_o florence_n and_o understand_v there_o be_v conspiracy_n against_o he_o without_o inquire_v far_o into_o the_o business_n cause_v one_o of_o they_o to_o be_v apprehend_v which_o give_v a_o alarm_n to_o the_o rest_n they_o immediate_o take_v arm_n and_o turn_v the_o duke_n out_o of_o his_o supremacy_n gulielmo_n be_v commissary_n for_o that_o city_n in_o the_o val_n di_fw-it chiana_n in_o the_o year_n 1501_o have_v news_n of_o a_o great_a plot_n in_o arezzo_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o vitelli_n and_o that_o their_o design_n be_v to_o renounce_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o florentine_n he_o march_v thither_o direct_o without_o consider_v the_o power_n of_o the_o conspirator_n or_o his_o own_o or_o so_o much_o as_o furnish_n himself_o with_o what_o force_n he_o may_v have_v do_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n his_o son_n cause_v one_o of_o the_o conspirator_n to_o be_v seize_v the_o rest_n fall_v present_o to_o their_o arm_n disclaim_v the_o florentine_n and_o take_v their_o commissary_n prisoner_n but_o when_o conspiracy_n be_v weak_a and_o in_o their_o infancy_n if_o they_o be_v discover_v they_o be_v to_o suppress_v they_o out_o of_o hand_n without_o any_o suspense_n and_o not_o to_o follow_v the_o example_n either_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n or_o dion_n of_o syracuse_n of_o who_o the_o first_o cause_v a_o citizen_n who_o have_v discover_v a_o plot_n to_o he_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n that_o the_o rest_n observe_v how_o unwilling_a he_o be_v to_o believe_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o secure_a and_o hold_v themselves_o oblige_v dion_z on_o the_o other_o side_n suspect_v the_o affection_n of_o some_o people_n cause_v one_o of_o his_o confident_n call_v calippus_n to_o pretend_v a_o conspiracy_n and_o see_v if_o he_o can_v draw_v they_o in_o but_o both_o these_o practice_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o by_o the_o first_o all_o people_n be_v discourage_v from_o make_v any_o discovery_n and_o all_o conspirator_n confirm_v and_o by_o the_o other_o a_o way_n be_v recommend_v for_o the_o murder_a of_o himself_o for_o calippus_n find_v he_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o practice_n without_o danger_n he_o do_v it_o so_o effectual_o that_o it_o cost_v dion_n both_o his_o government_n and_o life_n chap._n vii_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o change_n of_o state_n from_o liberty_n to_o servitude_n and_o from_o servitude_n to_o liberty_n some_o be_v very_o innocent_a and_o other_o very_o bloody_a some_o people_n perhaps_o may_v wonder_v how_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o government_n shall_v be_v change_v from_o one_o form_n to_o another_o sometime_o easy_o and_o without_o blood_n and_o sometime_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o slaughter_n be_v the_o variation_n as_o it_o will_v either_o from_o liberty_n to_o tyranny_n or_o from_o tyranny_n to_o liberty_n and_o this_o diversity_n of_o mutation_n be_v so_o strange_a that_o as_o history_n tell_v we_o they_o happen_v sometime_o with_o infinite_a effusion_n of_o blood_n and_o at_o other_o time_n without_o the_o least_o injury_n to_o any_o body_n as_o in_o rome_n when_o the_o government_n be_v take_v from_o the_o king_n and_o put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o consulâ—_n no_o body_n be_v expulse_v or_o so_o much_o as_o molest_v but_o the_o tarquin_n but_o in_o other_o alteration_n it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n may_v in_o my_o judgement_n be_v deduce_v from_o the_o manner_n in_o which_o that_o state_n be_v acquire_v if_o it_o be_v obtain_v by_o force_n it_o can_v not_o be_v without_o injury_n
the_o church_n the_o gibilin_n with_o the_o emperor_n innocent_n four_o pope_n clement_n 5_o pope_n adrian_z 5_o pope_n nicholas_n 3d._n of_o the_o house_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o introduction_n of_o pope_n nephew_n martin_n 10_o pope_n pope_n celestine_n resign_v to_o boniface_n 8_o the_o first_o jubilee_n ordain_v by_o boniface_n every_o 100_o year_n benedict_n choose_v die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o clement_n 5_o who_o remove_v his_o residence_n â—nto_n france_n 1306._o 〈…〉_z the_o 〈◊〉_d a_o great_a family_n in_o milan_n make_v prince_n of_o that_o city_n by_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o torri_n the_o 〈…〉_z milan_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n fall_v to_o the_o sforzâ—s_n the_o original_a of_o the_o venetians_n candia_n give_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o the_o french_a benedict_n 12_o pope_n clement_n 6_o pope_n the_o jubilee_n reduce_v to_o 50_o year_n avignon_n give_v to_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o queen_n of_o naples_n innocent_n 6_o pope_n urban_n 5_o pope_n gregory_n 12_o pope_n the_o pope_n return_v to_o rome_n after_o 71_o year_n absence_n in_o france_n urban_n 6_o pope_n clement_n seven_o antipope_n gun_n first_o use_v betwixt_o the_o genovese_n and_o venetian_n urban_n and_o clementn_n succeed_v by_o boniface_n 9th_o &_o benedict_n 13_o boniface_n die_v innocent_n seven_o succeed_v he_o and_o gregory_z the_o 12_o innocent_n alexander_n 5_o elect_v and_o succeed_v by_o john_n 23d_o three_o pope_n at_o once_o martin_n 5_o the_o queen_n of_o naples_n call_v in_o the_o k._n of_o arragon_n to_o her_o assistance_n adopt_v he_o and_o make_v braccio_fw-mi da_fw-mi montone_n her_o general_n the_o state_n of_o ittaly_n the_o convenience_n of_o colonies_n the_o original_a of_o florence_n the_o denomination_n of_o florence_n the_o first_o division_n of_o florence_n the_o guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n faction_n in_o florence_n the_o union_n &_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n the_o antiani_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o people_n and_o podesta_n their_o militia_n a_o generous_a custom_n manfredi_n king_n of_o naples_n a_o great_a patron_n of_o the_o ghibiline_n ferinata_n uberti_n carlo_n d'_fw-fr anio_n call_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o pope_n a_o new_a model_n in_o florence_n new_a commotion_n a_o second_o model_n by_o the_o guelf_n the_o 12_o buoni_n huomini_fw-la la_fw-fr credenza_n gregory_n x._o florence_n under_o excommunication_n innocent_a 5._o the_o jealousy_n of_o the_o pope_n nicolas_n 3_o the_o ghibiline_n return_n martinus_n pope_n the_o government_n reform_v by_o the_o citizen_n the_o three_o priori_fw-la to_o goxern_v two_o month_n to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o city_n indifferent_o the_n segnori_fw-it discord_n betwixt_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n the_o priori_fw-la the_o gonfaloniere_n persuasion_n to_o the_o nobility_n to_o be_v quiet_a the_o 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o people_n new_a reformation_n in_o florence_n 1298._o the_o differen_n â—ein_o the_o family_n of_o the_o cancellieri_n the_o occasion_n and_o consequence_n the_o biaâ—chi_n and_o nerâ—â—_n charles_n of_o valoâ—s_n make_v governor_n of_o florence_n new_a trouble_v occasion_v by_o corso_n donati_n the_o medici_n and_o giugni_n florence_n burn_v 1304._o corso_n donati_n condemn_a his_o death_n 1308._o new_a division_n laudo_fw-la de_fw-la agobbio_n castruccio_n castracani_n the_o council_n of_o the_o signori_fw-it to_o â—it_n forty_o month_n whereas_o before_o it_o be_v occasional_a election_n of_o magistrate_n by_o imborsation_n ramondo_n da_o cardona_n general_n of_o the_o florentine_n the_o duke_n of_o athens_n governor_n of_o florence_n lod_n the_o emperor_n call_v into_o italy_n the_o death_n of_o castruccio_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n new_a reformation_n the_o florentine_n quiet_a at_o home_n their_o building_n a_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n maffeo_n da_o muradi_n lucca_n sell_v to_o the_o florentine_n take_a from_o they_o by_o the_o pisans_n the_o duke_n of_o athens_n the_o speech_n of_o one_o of_o the_o senator_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n the_o duke_n answer_n 1342._o the_o duke_n of_o athens_n choose_v prince_n by_o the_o people_n the_o duke_n of_o athens_n his_o practice_n in_o florence_n 〈◊〉_d morrozzâ—_n three_o conspiracy_n aganist_n the_o duke_n at_o one_o time_n commotion_n in_o florence_n the_o duke_n expel_v his_o character_n new_a reformation_n the_o nobilty_a depose_v the_o nobility_n attempt_v to_o recover_v their_o authority_n the_o people_n arm_v against_o they_o the_o nobility_n utter_o depress_v emulation_n betwixt_o the_o â—iddle_n and_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n the_o ammoniti_fw-la the_o citizen_n oration_n to_o the_o senate_n new_a reformation_n gregory_n xi_o hold_v his_o residence_n at_o avignon_n new_a commission_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war._n 1377._o a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o guelf_n the_o conspiracy_n defeat_v the_o speech_n of_o salvestro_n de_fw-fr medici_n the_o balia_n reformation_n again_o luigi_n guicciardini_n oration_n new_a trouble_n the_o speech_n of_o a_o plebeian_n the_o people_n rise_v again_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o people_n michaele_n di_fw-fr lando_n michaele_n overcome_v the_o multitude_n the_o popular_a faction_n distinguish_v from_o the_o plebeian_n reformation_n the_o commons_o expel_v from_o the_o government_n 1381._o michaele_n lando_n imprison_v lodovic_n death_n carlo_n d'_fw-fr angio_n '_o s_o death_n magnificencâ—_n envy_v benedetto_n speech_n benedetto_n die_v at_o rhodes_n 1381._o very_fw-la de_fw-it medici_n speech_n to_o the_o senate_n donato_n acciaivoli_n confine_v 1397._o a_o new_a conspiracy_n defeat_v the_o duke_n of_o milan_n practice_n against_o the_o city_n several_a family_n banish_v 1400._o the_o king_n of_o naples_n die_v uzano_n advice_n against_o the_o medici_n philippo_n visconti_n lord_n of_o lombardi_n peace_n betwixt_o elorence_n and_o milan_n imola_n take_v by_o the_o duke_n philip._n the_o florentine_n overthrow_v albizi_n exhortation_n to_o be_v quiet_a rinaldo_n de_fw-fr gli_fw-la albizi_n nicolo_n urano_n giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n be_v reply_n to_o rinaldo_n the_o saction_n of_o uzano_n and_o the_o medici_n the_o great_a courage_n of_o biagio_fw-it del_fw-it milano_n the_o cowardice_n of_o zenobi_fw-la del_fw-it pino_n picinino_n revolt_v carmignuola_n general_n of_o the_o league_n catasto_n peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n 1428._o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n speech_n to_o his_o son_n at_o his_o death_n cosino_fw-la heir_n his_o father_n giusto_n volterra_fw-la revolt_n giusto_n slay_v rinaldo_n persuade_v the_o war._n uzano_n oppose_v it_o the_o cruelty_n of_o astro._n the_o seravezzesi_n complain_v rinaldo_n accuse_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o ten._n pagolo_fw-la lord_n of_o lucca_n depose_v the_o florentine_n defeat_v 1433._o peace_n betwixt_o the_o florentine_n and_o lucchesi_n nicolo_n da_n uzano_n answer_n to_o barbadori_n federigâ—'s_n speech_n to_o cosimo_n his_o prisoner_n cosimo_n banish_v 1433._o rinaldo_n speech_n to_o his_o friend_n eugenius_n the_o pope_n labour_v a_o peace_n cosimo_n recall_v rinaldo_n answer_n to_o the_o popâ—_n 1433._o the_o soldier_n in_o italy_n distinguish_v into_o two_o party_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n promise_v his_o daughter_n to_o conte_n fran._n sforza_n the_o pope_n invade_v make_v peace_n with_o fran._n sforza_n war_n in_o romagna_n fran_n sforza_n general_n of_o the_o pope_n league_n peace_n betwixt_o the_o league_n and_o the_o duke_n new_a ordinance_n in_o florence_n alphonso_n bring_v prisoner_n to_o duke_n philip._n the_o dog_n and_o his_o authority_n in_o cenoa_n francisco_n spinola_n genoa_n recover_v its_o liberty_n rinaldo_n oration_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n 1437._o the_o speech_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o lucca_n to_o the_o people_n jealousy_n betwixt_o the_o venetian_a and_o the_o count_n the_o venetian_n untractable_a conte_n di_fw-fr poppi_n controversy_n betwixt_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a church_n determine_a at_o florence_n by_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o greek_a the_o pope_n delude_v and_o his_o country_n invade_v by_o piccininâ—_n the_o conte_n earnest_o persuade_v not_o to_o desert_v the_o venetian_n 1438._o neri_n be_v speech_n to_o the_o venetian_a senate_n nicolo_n piccino_n defeat_v by_o the_o count_n escape_n to_o tenna_n and_o from_o thence_o very_o strange_o to_o his_o army_n verona_n surprise_v by_o nicolo_n recover_v by_o the_o count_n the_o duke_n encourage_v in_o his_o expedition_n into_o tuscany_n by_o nicolo_n and_o the_o florentine_a exile_n the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n general_n for_o the_o pope_n the_o patriarch_n a_o friend_n to_o rinaldo_n the_o pope_n discover_v intelligence_n betwixt_o the_o patriarch_n and_o nicolo_n and_o resolve_v to_o secure_v he_o the_o patriarch_n secure_v and_o die_v commissioner_n to_o the_o count_n from_o the_o venetian_n the_o count_n desirous_a to_o follow_v nicolo_n dissuade_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n they_o 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o resolution_n the_o count_n poppi_n revolt_v from_o the_o floâ—rentine_a nicolo_n ill-advised_a by_o count_n poppi_n nicolo_n practice_n to_o surprise_v crotona_n brescia_n relieve_v the_o battle_n of_o anghiari_n piccinino_n defeat_v poppi_n besiege_v poppi_n speech_n to_o the_o
florentine_a comissary_n neri_n answer_n the_o duke_n propose_v a_o peace_n the_o ingratitude_n of_o the_o venetian_n micheletto_n general_n for_o the_o league_n nicolo_n insolence_n to_o the_o duke_n peace_n betwixt_o the_o duke_n and_o the_o count_n 1441_o naples_n take_v by_o alfonso_n baldaccio_fw-mi general_n of_o the_o florentine_a foot_n 1444._o florence_n reform_v nicolo_n die_v 1445_o trouble_n in_o bologna_n santi_n bentivoglio_n cosimo_n be_v speech_n to_o santi_n new_a war_n in_o lombardy_n the_o count_n court_v by_o all_o party_n duke_n philip_n die_v 1447._o the_o count_n make_v general_n for_o the_o milanesi_n the_o venetian_n ambition_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n alfonso_n invade_v the_o florentine_n alsonso_n retreat_v of_o tuscany_n the_o venetian_n total_o defeat_v peace_n betwixt_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o count_n exclude_v the_o milanesi_n the_o oration_n of_o one_o of_o the_o milan_n ambassador_n to_o the_o count_n the_o count_n answer_n cosimo_n de_fw-fr medici_n a_o friend_n to_o francisco_n neri_n capponâ—_n against_o he_o the_o venetious_a assist_v the_o milanesi_n gasparre_n da_fw-la vico_fw-la mercato_n his_o advice_n francisco_n enter_v milan_n and_o make_v duke_n of_o it_o 1450_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o florentine_n confederate_a the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o the_o venetians_n ambassador_n from_o they_o to_o â—lorence_n the_o florentine_n answer_n preparation_n for_o war_n in_o florence_n federigo_n the_o emperor_n enter_v into_o florence_n tuscany_n invade_v by_o the_o king_n of_o aragon_n forâ—es_n stephana_n porcari_fw-la stephano_z and_o his_o confederate_n put_v to_o death_n 1453._o the_o vale_n of_o begno_n revolt_n 1453._o peace_n betwixt_o the_o duke_n and_o venetian_n alfonso_n enter_v into_o the_o league_n new_a trouble_n by_o giacopo_n piccinino_n encourage_v private_o by_o alfonso_n calisto_n 3._o solicit_n war_n against_o the_o turk_n a_o prodigious_a tempest_n the_o genoesi_n assault_v by_o alfonso_n genoa_n deliver_v to_o the_o french_a alfenso_fw-la dies_fw-la calisto_n 3._o die_n and_o pius_fw-la 2._o choose_v in_o his_o chair_n the_o genoesi_n revolt_v from_o the_o french_a 1459._o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n invade_v by_o giovanni_n d'_fw-fr angio_n ferrando_n discomfit_v giovannis_n defeat_v cosimo_n de_fw-fr medici_n and_o neri_n capponi_n the_o two_o great_a citizen_n in_o florence_n luca_n pitti_n girolamo_n machiavelli_n cosimo_n die_v giacopo_n piccinino_n murder_v francisco_n sforza_n die_v nicolo_n soderini_n persuade_v luca_n to_o take_v arm_n against_o piero._n the_o senate_n and_o chief_a citizen_n attend_v piero_n at_o his_o house_n the_o enemy_n of_o the_o medici_n depress_v luca_n pitti_n desert_v agnolo_fw-it be_v letter_n to_o piero_n de_fw-fr medici_n piero_n be_v answer_v the_o florentine_n invade_v by_o the_o venetiant_a peace_n between_o the_o florentine_n and_o the_o venetian_n piero_n speech_n to_o the_o florentine_n piero_n de_fw-fr medici_n die_v tomaso_n soderini_fw-la in_o great_a favour_n with_o the_o florentine_n decline_v it_o discreet_o lorenzo_n and_o guiliano_n de_fw-fr medici_n make_v prince_n of_o the_o city_n a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o nardâ—_n bernardo_n defeat_v and_o take_v the_o duke_n of_o milan_n in_o florence_n tumult_n in_o volterra_n voltâ—rra_fw-mi surrender_v and_o sack_v italy_n in_o two_o faction_n trouble_n in_o tuscany_n conspiracy_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n slay_v animosity_n betwixt_o the_o pazzi_n and_o the_o medici_n conspiracy_n against_o lorenzo_n and_o guilian_n di_o medici_n rinato_fw-la dei_fw-la pazzi_n dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n but_o in_o vain_a the_o conspiracy_n miscarry_v the_o pope_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o florentine_n lorenzo_n be_v speech_n to_o the_o florentine_n the_o pope_n and_o king_n invade_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o florentine_n genoa_n rebel_v against_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n the_o gratitude_n of_o the_o florentines_n the_o pope_n army_n defeat_v antonio_n tassino_n a_o favourite_n of_o the_o dutches._n lodovico_n sforza_n governor_n of_o milan_n lorenzo_n de_fw-fr medeci_fw-fr arrive_v at_o nipple_n new_a constitution_n the_o isle_n of_o rhodes_n assault_v by_o the_o turk_n the_o ambassador_n to_o the_o pope_n the_o pope_n reply_v the_o dukâ—_n of_o calabria_n defeat_v a_o new_a league_n castello_n besiege_v by_o the_o army_n of_o the_o pope_n the_o colonni_n provoke_v the_o pope_n and_o be_v ruin_v in_o rome_n the_o company_n of_o s._n giorgio_n pietra_fw-la santa_n take_v by_o lorenzo_n aquila_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n the_o pope_n undertake_v its_o protection_n peace_n conclude_v the_o genoeses_n overthrow_v the_o venetian_n defeat_v count_n girolamo_n murder_v the_o countess_n revenge_v the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n galeotto_n lord_n of_o faenza_n murder_v by_o his_o wife_n lorenzo_n de_fw-fr medici_n lorenzo_n die_v