camp_n but_o that_o which_o he_o add_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o all_o general_n who_o encamp_v their_o army_n for_o any_o time_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v frequent_o whole_a summer_n and_o whole_a winter_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v aestiva_fw-la and_o the_o last_o hâ—berna_n shall_v have_v a_o provident_a care_n and_o shall_v make_v it_o their_o great_a work_n that_o not_o only_a fuel_n fodder_n and_o water_n be_v supply_v near_o hand_n but_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n for_o back_n and_o belly_n and_o all_o munition_n may_v be_v bring_v safe_o and_o without_o â—â—peach_n of_o a_o enemy_n to_o their_o quarter_n to_o which_o effect_n if_o there_o be_v not_o fortify_v place_n all_o along_o the_o country_n through_o which_o these_o provision_n be_v to_o be_v transport_v than_o some_o aught_o to_o be_v build_v one_o whereof_o shall_v second_v another_o these_o vegetius_n call_v castle_n castâ—lla_n what_o castâ—lla_n what_o a_o diminutive_a as_o he_o tell_v we_o from_o castra_n the_o ancient_n either_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n or_o in_o those_o of_o their_o conquest_n do_v even_o so_o as_o be_v practise_v to_o this_o day_n and_o that_o be_v they_o build_v fort_n tower_n sconce_n and_o castle_n in_o these_o place_n where_o it_o be_v thoâ—ght_v they_o may_v be_v build_v for_o what_o use_v build_v most_o useful_a either_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o ill_a affect_a neighbour_n or_o to_o put_v such_o a_o restraint_n oâ—_n the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o as_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o rebellion_n for_o this_o purpose_n long_o and_o strong_a wall_n be_v sometime_o build_v with_o excessive_a cost_n and_o labour_n we_o may_v yet_o see_v some_o relic_n of_o severus_n wall_n build_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o britain_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n the_o castle_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o keep_v constant_o guard_v be_v for_o most_o part_n build_v round_o of_o thick_a and_o strong_a wall_n to_o resist_v the_o battery_n of_o the_o ram_n and_o if_o they_o have_v curtain_n these_o be_v â—â—anked_v a_o l'antique_a with_o round_a turret_n these_o castilia_n the_o roman_n call_v also_o burga_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o they_o borrow_v fort._n burg_n a_o latinâ—_n and_o a_o german_a word_n signify_v a_o fort._n the_o word_n from_o the_o german_n or_o the_o german_n from_o they_o for_o the_o old_a dutch_a word_n burg_n yet_o in_o use_n signify_v a_o strength_n hold_v fort_n or_o castle_n many_z of_o they_o be_v build_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o germany_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n the_o governor_n of_o these_o castle_n or_o fort_n be_v call_v custode_n &_o magistri_fw-la burgorum_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o commit_v to_o they_o during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o emperor_n afterward_o by_o the_o liberality_n and_o bounty_n of_o prince_n these_o keeper_n be_v make_v hereditary_a governor_n and_o long_o after_o the_o castle_n and_o burg_n themselves_o with_o many_o fair_a land_n belong_v to_o they_o were_z give_v to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n in_o property_n for_o ever_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o vassalage_n hence_o come_v the_o name_n of_o castâ—lâ—â—ns_n a_o title_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o profit_n in_o poland_n castellan_n castellan_n where_o they_o enjoy_v it_o but_o for_o life_n the_o king_n have_v the_o disposal_n oâ—_n it_o afterward_o hence_o the_o title_n of_o burggrave_n in_o germany_n which_o in_o the_o language_n of_o that_o country_n be_v of_o great_a honour_n than_o the_o title_n oâ—_n a_o earl_n which_o in_o dutch_a be_v simple_o grave_a and_o that_o dignity_n of_o burggrave_n to_o this_o day_n be_v there_o very_o honourable_a and_o keep_v by_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n as_o a_o addition_n and_o that_o no_o burggrave_n burggrave_n small_a one_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o great_a title_n as_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v the_o hereditary_a burggrave_n of_o nuremburg_n in_o process_n oâ—_n time_n village_n hamlet_n and_o little_a town_n be_v build_v beside_o these_o burg_n many_o whereof_o be_v become_v great_a and_o famous_a city_n which_o keep_v yet_o their_o denomination_n from_o the_o burg_n or_o castle_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o edify_v such_o as_o strasburg_n augsburg_n nuremburg_n wirtsburg_n lunenburg_n neramburg_n haâ—burg_n and_o many_o other_o and_o as_o at_o the_o first_o building_n these_o castle_n or_o burg_n the_o keeper_n be_v call_v magistri_fw-la burgâ—rum_fw-la so_o to_o this_o day_n the_o principal_a magistrate_n and_o mayor_n of_o city_n be_v call_v burgomaster_n the_o roman_a soldier_n have_v finish_v the_o fortification_n of_o their_o camp_n be_v next_o to_o be_v lodge_v within_o it_o i_o be_o afraid_a it_o will_v not_o contain_v they_o all_o yet_o let_v we_o see_v how_o polybius_n will_v accommodate_v his_o consular_a army_n for_o we_o have_v do_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o that_o tribune_n whole_a lot_n or_o turn_v it_o be_v to_o officiate_v for_o the_o legion_n to_o go_v before_o no_o doubt_v with_o a_o guard_n and_o some_o centurion_n with_o he_o to_o take_v up_o ground_n for_o the_o camp_n and_o to_o measure_v out_o all_o the_o several_a quarter_n of_o it_o which_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o comprehend_v we_o shall_v divide_v the_o roman_a camp_n into_o two_o but_o not_o equal_a part_n these_o be_v call_v the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a part_n division_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n into_o two_o part_n part_n in_o the_o upper_a lodge_v the_o consul_n the_o treasurer_n the_o legate_n the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o extraordinary_n of_o the_o ally_n the_o lodging_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o prâ—fecti_n be_v also_o there_o and_o in_o it_o be_v the_o marketplace_n and_o a_o large_a place_n to_o receive_v stranger_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v quarter_v all_o the_o four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o ally_n in_o several_a maniple_n and_o all_o the_o troop_n of_o horse_n of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o the_o tribune_n who_o measure_v the_o camp_n first_o choose_v ground_n for_o the_o prâ—tâ—rium_n pavilion_n pratâ—rium_n or_o consul_n pavilion_n that_o be_v the_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o tent_n and_o allow_v for_o it_o two_o hundred_o foot_n square_a the_o superficial_a measure_n whereof_o be_v eight_o italian_a mile_n for_o multiply_v two_o hundred_o by_o two_o hundred_o the_o product_n will_v be_v forty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o these_o make_v eight_o mile_n and_o no_o doubt_n himself_o his_o friend_n servant_n and_o baggage_n may_v be_v well_o enough_o accommodate_v in_o such_o a_o compass_n of_o ground_n that_o ground_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o white_a flag_n and_o all_o the_o other_o quarter_n with_o red_a one_o and_o here_o be_v please_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o roman_n keep_v constant_o one_o way_n of_o castrametation_n they_o be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o it_o that_o no_o soon_o any_o of_o the_o army_n see_v by_o the_o white_a flag_n where_o the_o consul_n be_v to_o lodge_v but_o every_o one_o know_v how_o to_o go_v straight_o to_o that_o quarter_n that_o be_v design_v for_o he_o as_o well_o say_v polybius_n as_o citizen_n know_v how_o to_o go_v to_o their_o house_n after_o they_o enter_v any_o of_o the_o port_n upon_o both_o hand_n of_o the_o praetorian_a be_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o treasurer_n and_o legate_n for_o the_o first_o be_v allow_v two_o hundred_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o a_o hundred_o in_o depth_n for_o each_o legate_n a_o hundred_o foot_n long_o and_o fifty_o deep_a to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o euâ—cati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n and_o the_o camp_n who_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n siâ—ur_n de_fw-fr prâ—issack_n follow_v he_o allow_v eighty_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o hundred_o thirty_o eight_o in_o breadth_n and_o to_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la eighty_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o a_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o in_o breadth_n perhaps_o they_o gather_v this_o out_o of_o polybius_n but_o i_o be_o very_o sure_a notwithstanding_o any_o of_o their_o assertion_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o number_n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la be_v uncertain_a for_o they_o be_v voluntary_a sometime_o evocati_fw-la evocati_fw-la more_o sometime_o few_o and_o so_o not_o definite_a one_o and_o the_o same_o measure_n of_o ground_n can_v not_o always_o and_o at_o all_o time_n be_v allow_v to_o they_o but_o all_o these_o be_v thus_o quarter_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o pratâ—rium_n there_o be_v a_o street_n of_o one_o hundred_o foot_n broad_a which_o traverse_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o camp_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v forget_v between_o which_o street_n and_o the_o
he_o make_v alt_z they_o all_o take_v up_o their_o several_a distance_n behind_o he_o till_o he_o who_o be_v file-leader_n turn_v himself_o about_o on_o that_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v on_o and_o then_o all_o turn_n likewise_o so_o that_o all_o the_o file_n face_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o before_o the_o countermarch_v it_o face_v to_o the_o van_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o body_n lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o our_o modern_a driller_n when_o they_o command_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_a they_o say_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v and_o lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o van_n which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o laconian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o and_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o file-leader_n lacedaemonian_a lacedaemonian_a turn_v just_a where_o he_o stand_v and_o march_v as_o many_o foot_n behind_o the_o rear-man_n as_o the_o body_n at_o its_o due_a distance_n shall_v possess_v all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o about_o till_o their_o leader_n go_v by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o bringer_n up_o do_v only_o turn_v himself_o without_o any_o further_a motion_n the_o modern_a word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n and_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o persian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n it_o have_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o leader_n stand_v where_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v and_o the_o persian_n persian_n rear-man_n where_o the_o leader_n stand_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o leader_n advance_v three_o step_n and_o then_o turn_v and_o march_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o till_o they_o come_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o he_o advance_v and_o then_o they_o face_n about_o and_o take_v up_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o former_o possess_v the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o keep_v your_o ground_n it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o chorâ—an_n countermarch_v because_o choraean_a oâ—_n choraean_a as_o the_o chorus_n use_v to_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o together_o so_o here_o all_o the_o rank_n move_v at_o once_o and_o keep_v that_o same_o measure_n and_o distance_n in_o turn_v resemble_v a_o dance_n but_o indeed_o all_o these_o counter-marche_n as_o most_o of_o all_o evolution_n be_v better_o and_o soon_o illustrate_v nay_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n than_o they_o can_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o figure_n on_o paper_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n put_v down_o the_o first_o of_o these_o counter-marche_n which_o be_v his_o own_o country_n one_o and_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o have_v a_o show_n of_o fly_v at_o least_o of_o retire_v be_v a_o body_n of_o sixteen_o depth_n as_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v by_o that_o countermarch_v lose_v in_o the_o rear_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o foot_n of_o ground_n one_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o use_n all_o three_o of_o small_a use_n foot_n of_o distance_n between_o the_o rank_n at_o least_o it_o lose_v one_o hundred_o and_o six_o foot_n and_o true_o i_o think_v the_o hazard_n be_v small_a if_o all_o the_o three_o several_a counter-marche_n be_v for_o ever_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n except_o those_o of_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o they_o use_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o if_o they_o be_v practise_v then_o i_o be_o confident_a confusion_n will_v follow_v they_o which_o be_v but_o too_o ready_a to_o appear_v in_o any_o army_n though_o never_o so_o well_o order_v when_o it_o be_v unexpected_o attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n if_o the_o grecian_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o great_a gun_n nay_o even_o with_o our_o musket_n which_o kill_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n by_o far_o than_o dart_n or_o arrow_n and_o against_o which_o their_o defensive_a arm_n will_v not_o have_v be_v proof_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o a_o enemy_n a_o good_a way_n from_o their_o rear_n will_v have_v render_v their_o best_a counter-marche_n both_o unfeasible_a and_o dangerous_a all_o the_o good_a i_o suppose_v that_o be_v intend_v by_o a_o countermarch_v be_v to_o place_v the_o very_a same_o man_n and_o rank_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o very_a same_o order_n they_o be_v with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o true_o if_o captain_n be_v careful_a to_o place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o the_o front_n their_o next_o best_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o make_v middle_a man_n of_o the_o three_o and_o rank_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n as_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o hazard_v a_o countermarch_v but_o with_o much_o ease_n and_o with_o one_o word_n of_o command_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v face_v in_o the_o rear_n without_o danger_n of_o any_o confusion_n or_o disorder_n i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a punctual_a officer_n and_o drill-master_n who_o have_v take_v much_o pain_n to_o teach_v new_a beginner_n all_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o counter-marche_n and_o have_v make_v they_o practice_v their_o lesson_n very_o exact_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v never_o in_o my_o own_o judgement_n have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o counter-marche_n than_o they_o say_v some_o physician_n have_v of_o cucumber_n which_o they_o first_o order_n to_o be_v well_o correct_v and_o prepare_v with_o vinegar_n oil_n pepper_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o else_o and_o then_o advise_v to_o throw_v they_o out_o of_o door_n or_o over_o the_o window_n in_o exercise_v body_n the_o first_o care_n be_v to_o make_v rank_n and_o file_n keep_v that_o distance_n that_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o general_n who_o command_v the_o army_n for_o he_o may_v do_v in_o that_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n the_o grecian_a foot_n have_v a_o threefold_a distance_n the_o first_o be_v of_o six_o foot_n and_o this_o aelian_a will_n have_v to_o be_v in_o exercising_n and_o march_n between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o well_o as_o rank_n and_o rank_a but_o assure_o there_o be_v not_o so_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o one_o as_o there_o be_v for_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n carty_v long_a pike_n require_v six_o foot_n in_o their_o march_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o pike_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o much_o between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o foot_n distance_n of_o the_o foot_n any_o man_n at_o first_o view_n may_v easy_o comprehend_v the_o second_o distance_n be_v of_o three_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a as_o also_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o this_o be_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o stand_v in_o battle_n with_o their_o pike_n order_v and_o their_o posture_n at_o this_o distance_n be_v call_v densatio_n the_o three_o be_v of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a between_o both_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v when_o they_o be_v either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v call_v constipatiâ—_n in_o that_o posture_n have_v present_v their_o pike_n with_o their_o left_a foot_n foremost_a their_o target_n touch_v one_o another_o and_o so_o their_o phalange_n look_v like_o a_o brazen_a wall_n as_o lucius_z aemilius_z the_o roman_a consul_n speak_v of_o that_o wherewith_o king_n persâ—â—s_v face_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pidna_n where_o they_o fight_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n the_o grecian_a horse_n be_v marshal_v in_o several_a figure_n and_o of_o their_o distance_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o nor_o do_v aelian_a help_n i_o in_o it_o at_o all_o of_o these_o several_a figure_n of_o horse_n troop_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o one_o and_o horse_n of_o the_o horse_n then_o my_o reader_n will_v perhaps_o believe_v with_o i_o that_o the_o square_a battle_n probable_o keep_v that_o distance_n that_o troop_n have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o both_o the_o rhombus_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n require_v a_o great_a distance_n when_o they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o motion_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o change_v the_o posture_n or_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o stand_v and_o i_o conceive_v when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o charge_n the_o horse_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—err_v
suitable_a to_o so_o many_o gun_n the_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n henry_n view_v this_o mighty_a army_n of_o he_o near_o the_o city_n of_o metz_n where_o he_o say_v it_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n but_o he_o forget_v oversight_n a_o great_a oversight_n to_o inform_v we_o here_o of_o two_o very_a considerable_a point_n the_o one_o of_o what_o altitude_n or_o depth_n both_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n be_v the_o second_o what_o distance_n be_v keep_v or_o order_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o the_o several_a file_n and_o rank_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a batallion_n and_o body_n as_o well_o of_o the_o cavalry_n as_o the_o infantry_n for_o thereby_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o have_v make_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n but_o determinate_o to_o have_v know_v how_o much_o ground_n the_o whole_a army_n take_v up_o in_o longitude_n but_o there_o be_v other_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o neglect_n as_o well_o as_o this_o author_n of_o we_o who_o have_v fail_v in_o this_o with_o these_o indeed_o formidable_a force_n do_v the_o french_a king_n intend_v to_o defy_v and_o fight_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n charles_n the_o five_o a_o great_a and_o brave_a prince_n than_o who_o though_o he_o have_v not_o be_v elect_v emperor_n of_o the_o roman_n either_o for_o propriety_n and_o large_a extent_n of_o patrimonial_a dominion_n or_o for_o personal_a courage_n and_o prudence_n the_o western_a world_n have_v not_o see_v since_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a but_o while_o this_o magnanimous_a king_n be_v view_v and_o exceed_o please_a himself_o army_n henry_n view_v his_o army_n with_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o gallant_a army_n a_o beggarly_a and_o contemptible_a crew_n of_o some_o soldier_n some_o soujat_n and_o groom_n and_o some_o country_n clown_n in_o sight_n of_o this_o great_a prince_n his_o nobility_n in_o splendid_a equipage_n and_o of_o his_o whole_a batallion_n charge_v those_o who_o be_v appoint_v to_o guard_v the_o baggage_n and_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o king_n then_o in_o his_o great_a strength_n carry_v a_o rich_a and_o considerable_a affront_n and_o receive_v a_o affront_n booty_n into_o theonville_n a_o imperial_a garrison_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n nor_o be_v this_o affront_n do_v so_o public_o to_o so_o powerful_a a_o army_n at_o all_o revenge_v only_o some_o light_a horse_n be_v send_v before_o the_o town_n to_o vapour_n and_o brave_a the_o imperialist_n who_o fail_v not_o to_o sally_v out_o and_z skirmish_z with_o the_o french_a from_o which_o bicker_a neither_o party_n carry_v away_o any_o thing_n but_o blow_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n great_a preparation_n come_v to_o nothing_o for_o the_o two_o german_a prince_n have_v not_o without_o some_o stain_n to_o their_o honour_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n without_o the_o french_a king_n privity_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v and_o defend_v his_o own_o territory_n against_o charles_n who_o be_v horrible_o incense_v against_o he_o for_o offer_v to_o assist_v his_o rebel_n for_o so_o he_o call_v those_o elector_n against_o his_o lawful_a authority_n as_o this_o french_a army_n which_o i_o think_v so_o much_o represent_v the_o phalange_n conclusion_n conclusion_n vanish_v so_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n itself_o on_o which_o aelian_a bestow_v the_o title_n and_o epithet_n of_o invincible_a inexpugnable_a and_o irresistible_a after_o it_o have_v in_o philip_n and_o his_o son_n alexander_n time_n give_v the_o law_n to_o the_o eastern_a world_n and_o after_o their_o death_n have_v be_v keep_v up_o by_o alexander_n successor_n and_o great_a captain_n the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n yield_v to_o fate_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o nothing_o in_o perseus_n his_o time_n and_o macedon_n itself_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n by_o the_o roman_n of_o who_o legion_n art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v a_o view_n pallas_n armata_n military_a essay_n on_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n the_o hand_n of_o heaven_n which_o cast_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n into_o the_o lap_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o more_o visible_a in_o that_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o great_a progress_n of_o conquest_n and_o after_o too_o their_o state_n be_v state_n inward_a disease_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n obnoxious_a to_o those_o difficulty_n which_o may_v have_v render_v it_o not_o only_o incapable_a to_o overcome_v its_o enemy_n but_o subject_a to_o be_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o these_o any_o who_o have_v peruse_v their_o history_n may_v if_o they_o please_v with_o i_o observe_v they_o which_o follow_v first_o their_o frequent_a change_n of_o government_n as_o from_o king_n to_o consulâ—_n first_o first_o then_o to_o consul_n join_v with_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n from_o these_o to_o a_o decemvirate_n from_o that_o to_o military_a tribune_n invest_v with_o consular_a authority_n from_o they_o to_o consul_n again_o from_o these_o to_o a_o triumvirate_n and_o from_o that_o to_o emperor_n second_o the_o almost_o continual_a â—arrs_n and_o debate_n between_o the_o senate_n and_o second_o second_o the_o people_n not_o only_o concern_v the_o â—ex_n 〈…〉_o and_o division_n of_o land_n but_o even_o about_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o governament_n itself_o in_o which_o the_o commons_o ever_o gain_v ground_n and_o at_o the_o long-run_a obtain_v the_o principal_a point_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n those_o be_v the_o 〈…〉_o of_o magistrate_n yea_o of_o the_o consul_n make_v and_o repeat_v law_n power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o the_o last_o appeal_n three_o the_o constant_o seditious_a oration_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o tribune_n three_o three_o of_o the_o people_n whereby_o they_o public_o obstruct_v many_o time_n the_o levy_n of_o soldier_n and_o the_o pursuance_n of_o many_o victory_n gain_v against_o their_o neighbour_n while_o the_o state_n be_v yet_o in_o its_o infancy_n all_o those_o alteration_n and_o contention_n proceed_v from_o a_o inward_a disease_n of_o state_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o exceed_o weaken_v it_o in_o the_o undertake_n any_o great_a action_n abroad_o but_o four_o their_o cruelty_n and_o ingratitude_n to_o their_o own_o citizen_n and_o captain_n four_o four_o who_o have_v do_v they_o the_o best_a and_o great_a service_n some_o whereof_o i_o shall_v instance_n in_o in_o another_o place_n few_o of_o they_o all_o escape_v a_o severe_a censure_n enough_o to_o withdraw_v any_o generous_a spirit_n from_o a_o desire_n to_o serve_v they_o five_o their_o frequent_a make_v dictator_n almost_o upon_o every_o sudden_a apprehension_n five_o five_o of_o fear_n or_o suppose_a danger_n a_o office_n so_o unlimited_a have_v power_n to_o do_v and_o command_v what_o they_o please_v without_o comptrol_n appeal_v or_o â—ear_v to_o be_v question_v after_o their_o time_n expire_v that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n none_o of_o they_o prevent_v julius_n câ—sar_n in_o usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n six_o their_o make_v two_o consul_n of_o equal_a authority_n the_o very_a fuel_n of_o discord_n six_o six_o at_o home_n and_o of_o most_o dangerous_a consequence_n abroad_o when_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n necessitate_v they_o to_o join_v their_o force_n take_v some_o instance_n in_o one_o of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o volscian_n lucius_n furius_n be_v join_v in_o equal_a command_n with_o marcus_n furius_n camillus_n that_o famous_a roman_a who_o free_v his_o country_n from_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o this_o war_n young_a lucius_n will_v needs_o fight_v sore_o against_o old_a camillus_n his_o advice_n and_o well_o beat_v â—e_n be_v and_o have_v be_v utter_o rout_v if_o the_o old_a man_n have_v not_o wait_v hiâ—_n opportunity_n and_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n with_o the_o triariâ—_n fabius_n the_o dictator_n nicknamed_a the_o cunctator_n have_v minutius_n join_v in_o equal_a command_n with_o he_o who_o will_v needs_o with_o the_o half_a of_o the_o army_n fight_n hanâ—â—bal_n whether_o the_o dictator_n will_v or_o not_o the_o carthaginian_a beat_v he_o and_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o he_o and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o war_n too_o if_o old_a fabius_n have_v not_o part_v the_o fray_n but_o the_o roman_n escape_v not_o so_o easy_o at_o cannae_n for_o there_o terentius_n varro_n in_o spite_n of_o his_o colleague_n paulus_n aemilius_n fight_v with_o the_o same_o hannibal_n where_o both_o of_o they_o receive_v such_o a_o overthrow_n that_o if_o he_o who_o give_v it_o they_o have_v follow_v maharbal_n advice_n and_o immediate_o march_v he_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v dine_v the_o five_o day_n after_o in_o the_o capitol_n and_o for_o
any_o man_n say_v that_o the_o imperial_a pikeman_n lose_v this_o battle_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o suppose_v none_o but_o brancatio_n and_o master_n lupton_n moncounter_n be_v lose_v for_o many_o reason_n too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o whereof_o the_o great_a number_n of_o pike_n be_v none_o and_o what_o a_o madness_n be_v it_o in_o these_o two_o antipike-man_n to_o speak_v of_o dreux_n for_o there_o they_o who_o lose_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o dâ—â—ux_n battle_n of_o dâ—â—ux_n day_n that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o conde_n and_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v few_o or_o no_o pike_n at_o all_o and_o succeed_v according_o for_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n after_o a_o long_a and_o doubtful_a fight_n marshal_n st._n andre_n be_v kill_v and_o the_o constable_n take_v rout_v their_o foot_n with_o his_o cavalry_n so_o the_o have_v pike_n gain_v the_o royalist_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n for_o the_o swisser_n though_o with_o huge_a loss_n keep_v the_o field_n and_o the_o want_n of_o pike_n lose_v it_o to_o the_o protestant_n these_o be_v brancatio_n his_o instance_n to_o prove_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o what_o little_a reason_n mr._n lupton_n have_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o other_o authority_n be_v clear_v i_o hope_v by_o my_o answer_n which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v lest_o i_o may_v have_v seem_v to_o have_v undervalue_v mr._n lupton_n as_o terduzzi_n have_v do_v his_o countryman_n brancatio_n who_o deign_v not_o almost_o to_o afford_v one_o of_o his_o argument_n a_o reply_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o i_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o both_o of_o they_o who_o draw_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o pike_n because_o the_o turk_n use_v it_o not_o but_o reject_v it_o as_o unserviceable_a to_o this_o first_o i_o say_v that_o the_o turk_n glory_n that_o his_o batallion_n resemble_v the_o macedonian_a defect_n want_v of_o pike_n in_o the_o tuâ—ks_v army_n a_o defect_n phalanges_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o this_o assertion_n he_o approve_v of_o the_o pike_n which_o be_v the_o macedonian_a weapon_n but_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v his_o vanity_n to_o say_v so_o for_o the_o staff_n which_o many_o of_o his_o man_n carry_v be_v rather_o a_o javelin_n than_o a_o pike_n but_o next_o i_o aver_v that_o the_o grand_a signior_n want_v of_o pike_n be_v a_o defect_n in_o his_o militia_n which_o no_o prince_n or_o state_n be_v bind_v to_o imitate_v and_o assure_o if_o selimus_n his_o cannon_n have_v not_o terrify_v the_o persian_a horse_n in_o the_o caldâ—ran_a plain_n he_o will_v have_v repent_v instance_a instance_a that_o he_o have_v no_o batallion_n of_o pike_n to_o withstand_v the_o furious_a and_o reiterated_a charge_n of_o sophi_n ishmael_n and_o his_o resolute_a cavalry_n and_o if_o the_o treason_n of_o some_o mamaluck_v captain_n have_v not_o assist_v that_o same_o turk_n against_o campson_n gaurus_n sultan_n of_o egypt_n where_o he_o be_v almost_o bear_v down_o by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o mamaluck_v horseman_n the_o want_n of_o pike_n have_v lose_v he_o his_o army_n and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o empire_n but_o i_o will_v let_v these_o two_o gentleman_n see_v the_o turk_n beat_v with_o pikeman_n in_o asia_n two_o several_a time_n tâ—chel_n surname_v cusâ—lbas_n or_o redhead_n by_o nation_n a_o persian_a have_v but_o very_o few_o horse_n arm_v all_o his_o foot_n who_o be_v pikeman_n turk_n beat_v with_o pikeman_n but_o countrypeople_n and_o new_o levy_v with_o long_a pike_n one_o of_o bajazet_n beglerbeg_n bassa_n taragio_fw-mi meets_z he_o at_o the_o river_n sangar_n where_o techâ—l_v beat_v back_o and_o break_v the_o turk_n horse_n with_o his_o â—ong_a pike_n and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n not_o long_o after_o that_o techel_n meet_v with_o hali_n bassa_n at_o mount_n oliga_n with_o who_o he_o fight_v long_o and_o at_o length_n by_o the_o courageous_a manage_n of_o his_o long_a pike_n he_o force_v the_o turkish_a horse_n to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o field_n in_o which_o skuffle_v the_o bassa_n himself_o be_v kilâ—ed_v i_o be_o afraid_a it_o have_v be_v pure_a malice_n in_o these_o two_o gentleman_n to_o conceive_v the_o milan_n great_a action_n of_o the_o swisser_n arm_v with_o pike_n charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n beside_o milan_n great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o swisser_n by_o no_o other_o weapon_n than_o the_o pike_n ignorance_n it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o brancatio_n since_o some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o action_n of_o his_o own_o time_n nor_o in_o lupton_n who_o may_v have_v read_v they_o in_o modern_a history_n they_o overthrow_v charles_n of_o burgundy_n in_o three_o several_a battle_n and_o he_o be_v a_o very_a warlike_a prince_n they_o march_v three_o mile_n out_o of_o milan_n to_o attack_v a_o martial_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o lodge_v in_o a_o well_o fortify_v camp_n environ_v with_o a_o well_o order_v infantry_n a_o numerous_a cavalry_n and_o a_o huge_a train_n of_o artillery_n they_o storm_v his_o retrenchment_n take_v some_o of_o his_o cannon_n fight_v till_o night_n part_v they_o renew_v the_o battle_n next_o morning_n very_o betimes_o fight_v long_o with_o doubtful_a success_n the_o event_n whereof_o may_v have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o french_a king_n if_o the_o stout_a venetian_a general_n alviano_n have_v not_o come_v upon_o the_o spur_n with_o three_o thousand_o horse_n to_o the_o rescue_n and_o then_o the_o swisser_n retire_v in_o good_a order_n back_o to_o milan_n in_o spite_n of_o both_o french_a and_o venetian_n aâ—_n novara_n they_o force_v the_o french_a to_o retire_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o town_n ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o follow_v the_o next_o day_n and_o fight_v novara_n at_o novara_n with_o the_o french_a two_o hour_n and_o observe_v it_o that_o they_o be_v principal_o resist_v by_o the_o german_a batallion_n of_o pike_n who_o stout_o fight_v be_v kill_v every_o man_n of_o they_o the_o swisser_n obtain_v a_o absolute_a victory_n they_o kill_v many_o of_o the_o french_a and_o gascon_n foot_n in_o their_o flight_n for_o they_o do_v not_o fight_v they_o chase_v the_o french_a cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o field_n who_o can_v not_o be_v detain_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o trimoville_n and_o trivultio_n both_o of_o they_o great_a captain_n these_o the_o swisser_n for_o want_n of_o horse_n can_v not_o pursue_v but_o they_o take_v two_o and_o twenty_o piece_n of_o artillery_n with_o a_o infinite_a booty_n and_o so_o return_v to_o novara_n a_o action_n even_o in_o the_o heroic_a time_n almost_o beyond_o belief_n you_o may_v read_v these_o story_n at_o large_a both_o in_o guicciardini_n and_o giovio_n at_o meaux_n on_o the_o river_n marne_n the_o prince_n of_o condâ—_n and_o the_o admiral_n of_o marne_n at_o meaux_n on_o the_o river_n marne_n france_n have_v well_o near_o surprise_v charles_n the_o nine_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medici_n great_a be_v the_o fear_n of_o the_o court_n where_o there_o be_v none_o to_o defend_v it_o 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commander_n in_o chief_a march_v and_o â—dgeth_v constant_o with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o the_o artillery_n and_o these_o great_a officer_n who_o command_v the_o vanguard_n and_o arrierguard_n have_v major_n attend_v they_o every_o day_n and_o night_n beside_o ordinance-horseman_n to_o receive_v their_o direction_n and_o bring_v they_o speedy_o to_o they_o in_o regard_n some_o new_a intelligence_n may_v rational_o move_v they_o to_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n or_o any_o order_n they_o give_v concern_v it_o the_o second_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o army_n be_v in_o two_o body_n battle_n and_o body_n second_o manner_n in_o two_o body_n reserve_n you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o the_o army_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n which_o i_o thus_o order_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v first_o march_v 400_o command_v horse_n who_o shall_v have_v a_o small_a party_n before_o they_o to_o discover_v next_z they_o pioner_n or_o country_n people_n with_o a_o party_n of_o musqueteer_n or_o firelock_n to_o plain_a the_o way_n than_o four_o brigade_n of_o horse_n next_o they_o field-piece_n than_o three_o brigade_n of_o foot_n after_o they_o the_o prince_n or_o he_o who_o command_v by_o his_o authority_n the_o general_n or_o colonel_n of_o the_o artillery_n follow_v after_o who_o come_v the_o great_a ordnance_n and_o whole_a train_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o coach_n and_o wagon_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n and_o all_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n after_o they_o come_v the_o baggage_n belong_v to_o all_o the_o brigade_n of_o the_o battle_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o the_o brigade_n themselves_o march_v after_o which_o come_v two_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o then_o a_o party_n of_o horse_n bring_v up_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o reserve_n follow_v in_o this_o order_n first_o a_o command_a party_n of_o horse_n and_o reserve_n 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march_v be_v when_o it_o neither_o march_v in_o two_o body_n three_o manner_n in_o one_o body_n nor_o three_o distinct_a body_n but_o in_o one_o entire_a body_n which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v let_v i_o then_o once_o more_o refresh_v your_o memory_n by_o tell_v you_o our_o army_n consist_v of_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n and_o eight_o of_o foot_n three_o brigade_n of_o horse_n march_v first_o and_o make_v the_o vanguard_n these_o have_v before_o they_o command_v horse_n pioner_n and_o musqueteer_n as_o the_o other_o have_v then_o follow_v four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n the_o general_n after_o they_o next_o he_o the_o general_n of_o the_o artillery_n with_o his_o whole_a train_n after_o it_o march_v the_o other_o four_o brigade_n of_o foot_n and_o these_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n compose_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o army_n the_o other_o three_o brigade_n of_o
must_v every_o interval_n between_o brigades_n have_v now_o in_o six_o brigade_n there_o be_v 5_o interval_n 5_o time_n 600_o make_v 3000_o allow_v for_o three_o rank_n and_o two_o interval_n in_o every_o brigade_n march_v in_o breast_n 36_o foot_n and_o multiply_v 36_o by_o 6_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 216_o add_v 216_o to_o 3000_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 3216_o add_v that_o to_o 8688_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 11904_o divide_v this_o number_n by_o 5_o to_o make_v pace_n the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 2380_o pace_n and_o four_o foot_n this_o will_v be_v two_o italian_a mile_n and_o more_o than_o one_o three_o distance_n a_o intolerable_a distance_n between_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o the_o last_o rank_n of_o it_o the_o infantry_n march_v in_o the_o middle_n a_o thing_n intolerable_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o vast_a a_o distance_n between_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n of_o 18000_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v in_o brigades_n and_o every_o brigade_n march_v in_o breast_n and_o neither_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n wagon_n or_o baggage-horse_n among_o they_o and_o this_o lead_v i_o to_o another_o speculation_n which_o be_v that_o all_o who_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o army_n shall_v in_o a_o march_n allow_v as_o little_a interval_n between_o either_o great_a or_o small_a body_n as_o possible_a may_v be_v in_o regard_n wood_n water_n pass_n close_a country_n strait_n and_o narrow_a way_n will_v make_v a_o great_a distance_n between_o the_o vans_n and_o reer_n of_o their_o army_n than_o be_v in_o their_o power_n march_v distance_n between_o van_n and_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n march_v to_o make_v less_o to_o verify_v which_o let_v we_o suppose_v with_o bockler_n a_o late_a german_a author_n that_o 10000_o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n be_v upon_o a_o march_n where_o the_o foot_n may_v march_v ten_o in_o breast_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o and_o have_v only_o ten_o half_a cannon_n with_o powder_n and_o bullet_n for_o one_o day_n and_o only_o some_o necessary_a baggage_n with_o they_o he_o pass_v his_o word_n to_o we_o that_o this_o little_a army_n when_o it_o be_v march_v shall_v take_v up_o of_o ground_n between_o van_n and_o rear_n 28000_o foot_n this_o be_v more_o than_o five_o italian_a mile_n and_o one_o half_a i_o have_v a_o little_a examine_v the_o computation_n and_o i_o believe_v his_o reckon_n to_o be_v right_a but_o if_o you_o please_v let_v we_o not_o trust_v his_o word_n but_o try_v ourselves_o what_o distance_n there_o may_v be_v between_o the_o van_n of_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o 15000_o foot_n and_o 3000_o horse_n with_o which_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o ordnance_n than_o ten_o demi-cannon_n man_n instance_a in_o a_o army_n of_o 18000_o man_n and_o twenty_o field-piece_n and_o a_o less_o train_n if_o any_o you_o can_v allow_v to_o a_o army_n of_o 18000_o fight_a man_n and_o with_o this_o army_n we_o shall_v suffer_v no_o more_o wagon_n to_o be_v than_o 1200_o for_o carry_v all_o the_o ammunition_n instrument_n for_o fortification_n and_o artillery_n proviant_a and_o baggage_n belong_v to_o the_o general_a officer_n and_o the_o whole_a horse_n and_o foot_n whereas_o twice_o that_o number_n may_v be_v well_o enough_o allow_v and_o to_o make_v the_o distance_n the_o less_o we_o shall_v allow_v but_o two_o horse_n for_o every_o wagon_n without_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o coach_n or_o great_a rust-waggon_n draw_v ordinary_o by_o six_o horse_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o too_o many_o in_o every_o army_n let_v we_o imagine_v we_o march_v not_o in_o a_o champaign_n but_o in_o a_o close_a country_n yet_o not_o so_o close_o but_o the_o horse_n shall_v march_v five_o in_o breast_n and_o the_o foot_n ten_o and_o there_o be_v many_o way_n which_o will_v not_o permit_v so_o much_o and_o to_o spare_v ground_n i_o shall_v allow_v no_o interval_n between_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n of_o foot_n only_a interval_n between_o division_n shall_v be_v allow_v and_o no_o interval_n at_o all_o between_o either_o regiment_n or_o division_n of_o the_o cavalry_n shall_v be_v allow_v but_o the_o whole_a 3000_o shall_v march_v five_o in_o breast_n all_o in_o one_o row_n the_o foot_n be_v six_o deep_a and_o ten_o in_o front_n will_v march_v 60_o man_n in_o each_o division_n breast_n 15000_o foot_n march_v ten_o in_o front_n or_o breast_n we_o must_v see_v how_o many_o such_o division_n will_v be_v in_o 15000_o man_n to_o know_v this_o divide_v 15000_o by_o 60_o the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 250_o so_o you_o have_v 250_o division_n allow_v as_o you_o must_v 36_o foot_n for_o the_o 6_o rank_n of_o every_o division_n that_o be_v 6_o foot_n for_o the_o rank_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o 30_o foot_n for_o the_o 5_o interval_n therefore_o you_o must_v multiply_v 250_o by_o 36_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o your_o division_n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 9000._o for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o division_n i_o shall_v only_o allow_v 12_o foot_n whereas_o many_o allow_v 18_o now_o there_o be_v 249_o interval_n multiply_v therefore_o 249_o by_o 12_o the_o product_n be_v 2988._o add_v 2988_o to_o 9000_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 11988_o and_o so_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n must_v 15000_o foot_n have_v from_o van_n to_o rear_n when_o they_o march_v ten_o in_o breast_n be_v our_o 3000_o horse_n be_v to_o march_v five_o in_o breast_n you_o be_v to_o divide_v 3000_o breast_n 3000_o horse_n march_v five_o in_o breast_n by_o 5_o and_o the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 600_o so_o you_o have_v 600_o rank_n we_o must_v allow_v every_o rider_n ten_o foot_n for_o the_o length_n of_o his_o horse_n multiply_v then_o 600_o by_o 10_o the_o product_n be_v 6000._o ordinary_o a_o horse_n length_n be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o rank_n of_o horse_n but_o because_o we_o will_v march_v close_o we_o shall_v allow_v but_o the_o half_a of_o that_o to_o wit_n five_o foot_n now_o there_o be_v in_o 600_o rank_n 599_o interval_n multiply_v then_o 599_o by_o 5_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 2995._o add_v 2995_o to_o 6000_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8995_o so_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n 3000_o horse_n take_v up_o in_o their_o march_v five_o in_o breast_n we_o have_v ten_o demi-cannon_n which_o shoot_v each_o of_o they_o a_o bullet_n of_o 24_o pound_n at_o least_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v weigh_v no_o more_o but_o 4400_o pound_n of_o metal_n though_o the_o german_n allow_v more_o than_o 5000._o allow_v then_o one_o horse_n to_o draw_v 250_o pound_n of_o this_o piece_n you_o shall_v need_v 18_o horse_n at_o least_o to_o draw_v one_o demi-canon_n with_o her_o carriage_n leaver_n sponge_n and_o laddle_n these_o 18_o horse_n be_v another_o ten_o demi-cannon_n draw_v one_o after_o another_o couple_v make_v nine_o couple_n allow_v then_o for_o nine_o couple_n of_o horse_n for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o her_o carriage_n 110_o foot_n and_o it_o will_v be_v little_a enough_o multiply_v then_o 110_o by_o 10_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o your_o demi-cannon_n the_o product_n be_v 1100_o so_o much_o ground_n they_o must_v have_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v one_o after_o another_o and_o here_o be_v no_o allowance_n for_o distance_n between_o they_o nor_o shall_v we_o give_v any_o between_o the_o 20_o field-piece_n but_o shall_v allow_v each_o of_o they_o to_o be_v draw_v by_o two_o horse_n nor_o shall_v we_o give_v more_o ground_n to_o the_o horse_n piece_n field-piece_n and_o twenty_o field-piece_n and_o carriage_n than_o 20_o foot_n that_o be_v for_o all_o the_o twenty_o 400_o foot_n our_o 1200_o wagon_n will_v take_v up_o much_o ground_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o help_v it_o nor_o can_v we_o allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o wagon_n draw_v with_o two_o horse_n and_o a_o convenient_a distance_n between_o it_o and_o the_o wagon_n which_o follow_v it_o than_o another_o 1200_o wagon_n draw_v one_o after_o another_o 22_o foot_n multiply_v then_o 1200_o by_o 22_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 26400_o so_o much_o ground_n require_v twelve_o hundred_o wagon_n when_o they_o be_v draw_v one_o after_o another_o the_o foot_n then_o require_v 11988_o foot_n the_o horse_n 8995_o the_o demi-cannon_n 1100_o the_o field-piece_n 400_o the_o wagon_n 26400_o add_v these_o number_n together_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v 48883._o these_o make_v in_o pace_n 9776_o and_o three_o foot_n about_o nine_o italian_a mile_n and_o three_o quarter_n if_o you_o suspect_v i_o have_v cast_v up_o a_o wrong_a account_n be_v please_v to_o work_v yourself_o and_o mend_v it_o at_o your_o pleasure_n by_o this_o you_o may_v see_v if_o the_o army_n be_v strong_a than_o this_o of_o we_o as_o many_o be_v or_o the_o train_n great_a as_o indeed_o it_o shall_v be_v or_o your_o wagon_n more_o numerous_a as_o assure_o they_o
counterfeit_v and_o his_o seal_n take_v from_o a_o old_a paper_n and_o put_v on_o the_o letter_n all_o contrive_v by_o granuell_n precedent_n of_o the_o emperor_n council_n who_o gain_v with_o much_o gold_n a_o frenchman_n to_o carry_v this_o letter_n in_o the_o sole_n of_o his_o shoe_n into_o the_o town_n this_o french_a fellow_n be_v as_o much_o fool_n as_o knave_n who_o do_v not_o reveal_v the_o whole_a matter_n to_o sancerre_n from_o who_o he_o may_v likewise_o have_v receive_v gold_n enough_o but_o a_o trusty_a and_o faithful_a messenger_n may_v be_v send_v into_o or_o out_o of_o a_o siege_n a_o faithful_a and_o cunning_a messenger_n may_v do_v much_o good_a in_o a_o siege_n besiege_a place_n and_o go_v straight_o to_o a_o enemy_n and_o seem_v to_o reveal_v all_o he_o know_v and_o give_v up_o the_o letter_n he_o carry_v which_o shall_v contain_v no_o truth_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n carry_v his_o letter_n of_o importance_n safe_o as_o he_o be_v direct_v seem_v to_o do_v the_o enemy_n service_n but_o here_o cunning_a shall_v be_v add_v to_o fidelity_n and_o man_n of_o that_o caliber_n be_v rare_a yet_o the_o rocheller_n meet_v with_o one_o of_o they_o who_o adventure_v to_o cheat_v a_o no_o less_o person_n than_o cardinal_n richelieu_n and_o do_v it_o a_o gentleman_n of_o anjou_n offer_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o soubise_n to_o enter_v into_o rochel_n then_o besiege_v instance_n instance_n and_o reduce_v to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o bring_v he_o certain_a news_n of_o the_o town_n condition_n he_o go_v straight_o to_o the_o cardinal_n with_o who_o he_o have_v gain_v some_o trust_n and_o tell_v he_o what_o he_o have_v undertake_v this_o great_a state_n man_n permit_v he_o to_o slip_v into_o the_o town_n provide_v he_o shall_v show_v he_o his_o letter_n at_o his_o return_n which_o he_o promise_v have_v do_v his_o business_n in_o the_o city_n he_o come_v back_o to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o deliver_v he_o the_o town_n letter_n write_v purposely_o that_o this_o great_a minister_n may_v read_v they_o who_o take_v some_o pain_n to_o open_a and_o seal_v they_o again_o handsome_o and_o bid_v the_o gentleman_n carry_v they_o to_o soubise_n who_o go_v and_o deliver_v to_o the_o duke_n a_o hide_a letter_n which_o tell_v he_o the_o true_a condition_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o be_v that_o it_o can_v not_o hold_v out_o above_o two_o day_n without_o succourse_n or_o all_o must_v die_v for_o hunger_n if_o sign_n by_o fire_n smoke_n or_o shoot_v of_o cannon_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o before_o the_o place_n be_v invest_v it_o will_v be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o do_v it_o afterward_o by_o letter_n for_o these_o may_v be_v intercept_v or_o betray_v the_o last_o whereof_o befall_v two_o illuâ—strious_a brother_n both_o of_o they_o great_a captain_n those_o be_v maurice_n and_o henry_n prince_n of_o orange_n both_o of_o they_o egregious_o cheat_v by_o a_o country_n clown_n maurice_n entrust_v he_o with_o letter_n to_o justin_n of_o nassaw_n governor_n of_o breda_n when_o it_o be_v besiege_v round_o by_o marquis_n spinola_n the_o fellow_n undertake_v to_o deliver_v the_o letter_n and_o bring_v the_o governors_n answer_n and_o so_o he_o do_v but_o not_o till_o enemy_n letter_n reveal_v to_o a_o enemy_n spinola_n have_v read_v both_o the_o first_o before_o he_o enter_v and_o the_o second_o after_o he_o come_v out_o of_o the_o town_n who_o thereby_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o their_o secret_n the_o rogue_n be_v well_o reward_v by_o both_o party_n but_o after_o maurice_n his_o death_n this_o boar_n resolve_v to_o serve_v his_o brother_n prince_z henry_n in_o the_o same_o fashion_n and_o to_o that_o end_n seem_v to_o be_v gain_v with_o much_o difficulty_n and_o by_o much_o gold_n to_o carry_v the_o prince_n his_o last_o letter_n to_o the_o governor_n henry_n write_v to_o he_o that_o it_o be_v then_o pure_o impossible_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o desire_v he_o at_o midnight_n to_o discharge_v three_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n and_o that_o thereafter_o by_o several_a fire_n on_o the_o great_a steeple_n he_o shall_v let_v he_o know_v how_o many_o day_n his_o victual_n will_v hold_v out_o the_o intelligencer_n go_v straight_o to_o spinola_n who_o have_v read_v the_o letter_n and_o handsome_o seal_v it_o up_o dispatch_v the_o faithful_a messenger_n to_o the_o governor_n who_o at_o the_o prefix_a time_n make_v his_o three_o shot_n and_o by_o eleven_o sign_n make_v by_o fire_n let_v the_o prince_n know_v he_o be_v able_a to_o subsist_v no_o long_o than_o eleven_o day_n which_o spinola_n do_v as_o punctual_o observe_v as_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o same_o siege_n at_o a_o sally_n a_o german_a soldier_n be_v take_v by_o the_o count_n of_o isemberg_n who_o treat_v his_o countryman_n so_o well_o that_o the_o fellow_n undertake_v to_o return_v to_o the_o town_n and_o come_v back_o to_o the_o spanish_a camp_n when_o the_o victual_n of_o the_o besiege_a city_n grow_v scarce_o which_o he_o do_v and_o thereby_o spinola_n have_v likewise_o a_o fair_a help_n give_v he_o how_o to_o take_v his_o measure_n if_o all_o endeavour_n and_o all_o hope_n fail_v and_o that_o inexorable_a necessity_n force_v the_o article_n to_o yield_v on_o article_n governor_n to_o yield_v let_v he_o do_v it_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a and_o advantageous_a term_n he_o can_v and_o let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v his_o article_n sign_v by_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o if_o he_o can_v obtain_v it_o let_v he_o get_v hostage_n of_o quality_n send_v to_o some_o neighbour_n garrison_n to_o lie_v there_o till_o all_o condition_n agree_v on_o be_v perform_v of_o article_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o if_o there_o be_v small_a or_o no_o hope_n of_o succour_n it_o will_v not_o be_v fit_a for_o a_o governor_n hurtful_a obstinacy_n in_o defend_v fort_n hurtful_a to_o bring_v thing_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n or_o stand_v out_o where_o he_o can_v 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which_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n and_o woman_n lay_v execute_v it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o much_o commend_v the_o vayvod_n or_o prince_n of_o that_o country_n for_o a_o good_a justiciary_a so_o near_o do_v the_o one_o of_o their_o temper_n both_o barbarous_a and_o cruel_a resemble_v the_o other_o the_o fair_a and_o just_a way_n of_o punishment_n be_v by_o court_n of_o war_n if_o the_o case_n do_v not_o require_v a_o present_a animadversion_n and_o that_o court_n be_v to_o judge_v and_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o the_o military_a law_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o who_o service_n the_o army_n be_v when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v the_o general_n may_v either_o pardon_v general_n may_v pardon_v pardon_v the_o offender_n or_o delay_v the_o execution_n or_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o death_n the_o most_o honourable_a