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kirchman_n in_o the_o funeral_n and_o brerewood_n in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o money_n that_o the_o curious_a remark_n of_o scaliger_n casaubon_n graevius_n monsieur_n and_o madam_n dacier_n be_v insert_v on_o many_o occasion_n in_o short_a that_o no_o pain_n or_o charge_n have_v be_v spare_v which_o may_v render_v the_o attempt_n true_o serviceable_a to_o the_o good_a end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v the_o pleasure_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o reader_n essay_n i._o of_o the_o roman_a learning_n whoever_o consider_v the_o strange_a beginning_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n the_o frame_n and_o constitution_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v together_o with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o original_a member_n will_v think_v it_o no_o wonder_n that_o the_o people_n in_o that_o early_a age_n shall_v have_v a_o kind_n of_o fierceness_n or_o rather_o wildness_n in_o their_o temper_n utter_o averse_a to_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v polite_a and_o agreeable_a this_o savage_a disposition_n by_o degree_n turn_v into_o a_o rigid_a severity_n which_o encourage_v they_o to_o rely_v sole_o on_o the_o force_n of_o their_o native_a virtue_n and_o honour_n without_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o art_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o their_o reason_n or_o for_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o courage_n hence_o a_o grossness_n of_o invention_n pass_v currant_n with_o they_o for_o wit_n and_o study_n be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o unmanly_a labour_n especial_o while_o they_o find_v that_o their_o exact_a discipline_n and_o unconquered_a resolution_n render_v they_o master_n of_o nation_n much_o more_o know_v then_o themselves_o all_o this_o be_v frank_o acknowledge_v by_o their_o own_o author_n literae_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la romano_n go_v for_o a_o wonder_n with_o tully_n senectute_n tully_n de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr senectute_n and_o virgil_n in_o a_o reign_n when_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o world_n be_v transplant_v to_o rome_n choose_v to_o make_v the_o art_n of_o government_n and_o war_n the_o distinguish_a excellency_n of_o his_o countryman_n excudent_fw-la alii_fw-la spirantia_fw-la mollius_fw-la aera_fw-la credo_fw-la equidem_fw-la vivos_fw-la ducent_fw-la de_fw-la marmore_fw-la vultus_fw-la orabunt_fw-la causas_fw-la melius_fw-la coelique_fw-la meatus_fw-la describent_fw-la radio_fw-la &_o surgentia_fw-la sydera_fw-la dicent_fw-la tu_fw-la regere_fw-la imperio_fw-la populos_fw-la roman_a memento_n hae_fw-la tibi_fw-la erunt_fw-la art_n pacique_fw-la imponere_fw-la morem_fw-la parcere_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o debellare_fw-la superbos_fw-la 6._o superbos_fw-la aen._n 6._o other_o shall_v best_o inspire_v the_o mimic_n brass_n or_o out_o of_o marble_n carve_v a_o live_a face_n plead_v with_o more_o force_n and_o trace_v the_o heavenly_a road_n describe_v the_o wide_a empire_n of_o the_o god_n the_o wander_a star_n to_o steady_a rule_n confine_v and_o teach_v expect_v mortal_n when_o they_o will_v shine_v thou_o heaven_n brave_a roman_a form_v for_o high_a command_n be_v these_o thy_o art_n from_o thy_o victorious_a hand_n to_o make_v glad_a nation_n own_o their_o peace_n bestow_v to_o spare_v the_o suppliant_a and_o pull_v down_o the_o proud_a the_o reason_n which_o horace_n give_v for_o the_o slow_a advance_n of_o poesy_n will_v hold_v in_o every_o other_o part_n of_o polite_a learning_n serus_fw-la enim_fw-la grâ—ecis_fw-la admovit_fw-la acumina_fw-la chartis_fw-la 1._o chartis_fw-la lib._n 2._o epist_n 1._o their_o little_a acquaintance_n with_o the_o fine_a wit_n of_o greece_n who_o have_v settle_v the_o staple_n of_o art_n and_o learning_n in_o that_o country_n deprive_v they_o of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o cultivate_v and_o beautify_v their_o genius_n which_o be_v form_v by_o nature_n capable_a of_o the_o high_a attainment_n some_o kind_n of_o poetry_n indeed_o they_o have_v in_o their_o rustic_a time_n but_o then_o the_o verse_n be_v such_o rude_a doggrel_n stuff_n as_o old_a ennius_n describe_v quales_fw-la fauni_n vatesque_fw-la canebant_fw-la quem_fw-la neque_fw-la musarum_fw-la scopulos_fw-la quisquam_fw-la superârat_fw-la nec_fw-la dicti_fw-la studiosus_fw-la erat_fw-la cicero_n be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o old_a roman_n may_v probable_o have_v gain_v some_o little_a knowledge_n in_o philosophy_n from_o the_o instruction_n of_o pythagoras_n the_o famous_a author_n of_o the_o italic_a sect_n who_o flourish_v in_o italy_n about_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o tarquin_n be_v expel_v the_o city_n but_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o sing_v to_o the_o flute_n the_o praise_n of_o famous_a man_n at_o great_a entertainment_n be_v the_o only_a relic_n he_o can_v find_v of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o poetical_a number_n 4._o number_n cicero_n tusc_n quaest_n lib._n 4._o their_o intercourse_n with_o greece_n begin_v upon_o their_o undertake_n the_o defence_n of_o those_o part_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n who_o have_v a_o design_n on_o its_o liberty_n about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 55â—_n when_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a practice_n under_o the_o name_n of_o deliverer_n they_o make_v themselves_o rather_o the_o master_n of_o that_o people_n and_o then_o graecia_n capta_fw-la ferum_fw-la victorem_fw-la cepit_fw-la &_o art_n intulit_fw-la agresti_fw-la latio_fw-la 1._o latio_fw-la lib._n 2._o epist_n 1._o the_o great_a number_n of_o eminent_a poet_n especial_o dramatic_a writer_n flourish_v between_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o punic_n war_n or_o from_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 512_o to_o 607._o the_o most_o considerable_a be_v livius_n andronicus_n naevius_n ennius_n pacuvius_n accius_n caecilius_n plautus_n afranius_n terence_n and_o lucilius_n and_o therefore_o horace_n mean_v only_o the_o first_o punic_n war_n when_o he_o say_v et_fw-fr post_fw-la punica_fw-la bella_fw-la quietus_n quaerere_fw-la coepit_fw-la quid_fw-la sophocles_n &_o thespis_n &_o aeschylus_n utile_fw-la ferrent_fw-la tentavit_fw-la quoque_fw-la rem_fw-la si_fw-la dignè_fw-la vertere_fw-la posset_n ibid._n posset_n ibid._n the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n and_o rhetoric_n never_o have_v any_o tolerable_a progress_n before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o achaian_n who_o in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 586_o or_o 587_o to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o thousand_o and_o more_o be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n where_o they_o have_v show_v themselves_o disaffect_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v disperse_v in_o several_a part_n of_o italy_n among_o these_o be_v the_o famous_a polybius_n the_o megalopolitan_a who_o great_a part_n and_o learning_n not_o only_o gain_v he_o the_o entire_a friendship_n of_o scipio_n aemylianus_n and_o laelius_n two_o of_o the_o great_a roman_n in_o that_o age_n but_o procure_v too_o the_o release_n of_o all_o his_o countryman_n that_o remain_v after_o some_o year_n exile_v most_o of_o that_o company_n though_o not_o equal_a to_o polybius_n yet_o be_v the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o greece_n bring_v away_o a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o politeness_n and_o refine_a art_n of_o that_o country_n and_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o state_n of_o life_n which_o take_v from_o they_o all_o thought_n of_o public_a action_n they_o apply_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o pursuit_n of_o letter_n as_o well_o to_o divert_v the_o sad_a reflection_n on_o their_o banishment_n as_o to_o improve_v and_o cultivate_v their_o mind_n grammat_n mind_n vid._n casaubon_n chroâ—ol_n ad_fw-la pâ—â—yb_n &_o comment_n ad_fw-la sueten_v de_fw-fr grammat_n in_o a_o few_o year_n their_o example_n and_o instruction_n have_v wrought_v such_o a_o strange_a conversion_n in_o the_o roman_a youth_n that_o the_o senate_n fear_v least_o the_o ancient_a discipline_n shall_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v corrupt_v and_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n soften_v and_o enervate_v by_o study_n consult_v how_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o this_o vein_n of_o politeness_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o rough_a and_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n to_o this_o purpose_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o decree_n bear_v date_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o c._n fannius_n strabo_n and_o m._n valerius_n messala_n a._n u._n c._n 592_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o whereas_o marcus_n pomponius_n the_o praetor_n have_v make_v a_o report_n to_o the_o senate_n about_o the_o philosopher_n and_o rhetorician_n the_o father_n do_v hereby_o order_v the_o aforesaid_a praetor_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o business_n and_o to_o suffer_v no_o such_o man_n in_o rome_n 11._o rome_n sueton._n de_fw-fr clar._n grammat_n cap._n 1._o a._n gell._n lib._n 15._o cap._n 11._o the_o eager_a passion_n for_o learning_n which_o this_o prohibition_n have_v in_o some_o measure_n allay_v break_v out_o with_o great_a heat_n and_o force_n about_o sixteen_o year_n after_o upon_o this_o famous_a occasion_n as_o the_o story_n may_v be_v make_v up_o out_o of_o several_a author_n 15._o author_n plutarch_n in_o cat._n majer_n of._n gâ—l_o lib._n 7._o cap._n 14._o macrob._n sat._n 1._o c._n 15._o the_o athenian_n have_v plunder_v oropus_n a_o city_n of_o boeotia_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v their_o
work_n give_v the_o city_n a_o name_n in_o allusion_n to_o his_o own_o and_o have_v be_v ever_o account_v the_o founder_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n under_o the_o king_n the_o witty_a historian_n history_n historian_n florus_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o history_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o entitle_v the_o reign_n of_o the_o king_n the_o infancy_n of_o rome_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o they_o she_o be_v hardly_o able_a to_o find_v she_o own_o leg_n and_o at_o the_o best_a have_v but_o a_o very_a feeble_a motion_n the_o great_a part_n of_o romulus_n time_n be_v take_v up_o in_o make_v law_n and_o regulation_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n three_o of_o his_o state-design_n i_o mean_v the_o asylum_n the_o rape_n of_o the_o sabine_a virgin_n and_o his_o way_n of_o treat_v those_o few_o who_o he_o conquer_v as_o they_o far_o exceed_v the_o politic_n of_o those_o time_n so_o they_o contribute_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a degree_n to_o a_o advancement_n of_o the_o new_a empire_n but_o then_o numa_n long_a reign_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o establishment_n of_o priest_n and_o religious_a order_n and_o in_o those_o three_o and_o forty_o year_n numa_n year_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o numa_n rome_n gain_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n tullus_n hostilius_n be_v whole_o employ_v to_o convert_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o please_a amusement_n of_o superstition_n to_o the_o rough_a institution_n of_o martial_a discipline_n yet_o we_o find_v nothing_o memorable_a relate_v of_o his_o conquest_n only_o that_o after_o a_o long_a and_o dubious_a war_n the_o roman_n entire_o ruin_v their_o old_a mother_n alba_n 3._o alba_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o after_o he_o anem_fw-la marcius_n lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o strengthen_v and_o beautify_v the_o city_n 4._o city_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o and_o esteem_v the_o commodiousness_n and_o magnificence_n of_o that_o the_o noble_a design_n he_o can_v possible_o be_v engage_v in_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n though_o not_o altogether_o so_o quiet_a as_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o consult_v very_o little_a else_o beside_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o government_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o which_o he_o appoint_v the_o ornament_n and_o badge_n of_o the_o several_a officer_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o common_a people_n 5._o people_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o a_o more_o peaceful_a temper_n appear_v in_o servius_n tullius_n who_o principal_a study_n be_v to_o have_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o according_a to_o those_o to_o divide_v they_o into_o tribe_n 6._o tribe_n florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 6._o that_o so_o they_o may_v contribute_v with_o justice_n and_o proportion_n to_o the_o public_a expense_n of_o the_o state_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a though_o perhaps_o more_o engage_v in_o war_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n 7._o predecessor_n see_v florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o yet_o have_v in_o his_o nature_n such_o a_o strange_a composition_n of_o the_o most_o extravagant_a vice_n as_o must_v necessary_o have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o grow_a tyranny_n and_o have_v not_o the_o death_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a lucretia_n administer_v to_o the_o people_n a_o opportunity_n of_o liberty_n yet_o a_o far_o slight_a matter_n will_v have_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o specious_a reason_n to_o endeavour_v the_o assertion_n of_o their_o right_n however_o on_o this_o accident_n all_o be_v sudden_o transport_v with_o such_o a_o mixture_n of_o fury_n and_o compassion_n that_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brutus_n and_o collatinus_n to_o who_o the_o die_a lady_n have_v recommend_v the_o revenge_n of_o her_o injure_a honour_n 9_o honour_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o rush_v immediate_o upon_o the_o tyrant_n they_o expel_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a family_n a_o new_a form_n of_o government_n be_v now_o resolve_v on_o and_o because_o to_o live_v under_o a_o divide_a power_n carry_v something_o of_o complacency_n in_o the_o prospect_n poplicola_n prospect_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o poplicola_n they_o unanimous_o confer_v the_o supreme_a command_n on_o the_o two_o generous_a asserter_n of_o their_o liberty_n 9_o liberty_n ibid._n &_o florus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 9_o thus_o end_v the_o royal_a administration_n after_o it_o have_v continue_v about_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n florus_n in_o his_o reflection_n on_o this_o first_o age_n of_o rome_n can_v forbear_v applaud_v the_o happy_a fate_n of_o his_o country_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v bless_v in_o that_o weak_a age_n with_o a_o succession_n of_o prince_n so_o fortunate_o different_a in_o their_o aim_n and_o design_n as_o if_o heaven_n have_v purposely_o adapt_v they_o to_o the_o several_a exigency_n of_o the_o state_n 8._o state_n idem_fw-la cap._n 8._o and_o the_o famous_a machiavelli_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n 19_o opinion_n machtavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o but_o a_o judicious_a author_n 1._o author_n mounseur_fw-fr st._n euremont_n reflection_n on_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n cap._n 1._o have_v late_o observe_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o genius_n in_o the_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o procure_v any_o advantage_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o their_o small_a increase_n under_o that_o government_n be_v referable_a to_o no_o other_o cause_n however_o thus_o far_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o those_o seven_o prince_n leave_v behind_o a_o dominion_n of_o no_o large_a extent_n than_o that_o of_o parma_n or_o mantua_n at_o present_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o consular_a government_n to_o the_o first_o punic_n war._n the_o tyrant_n be_v no_o soon_o expel_v but_o as_o it_o usual_o happen_v there_o be_v great_a plot_v and_o design_v for_o his_o restauration_n among_o several_a other_o young_a nobleman_n brutus_n his_n two_o son_n have_v engage_v themselves_o in_o the_o association_n but_o the_o conspiracy_n be_v happy_o discover_v and_o the_o traitor_n bring_v before_o the_o consul_n in_o order_n to_o their_o punishment_n brutus_n only_o address_v himself_o to_o his_o two_o son_n and_o demand_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o defence_n to_o make_v against_o the_o indictment_n upon_o their_o silence_n order_v they_o immediate_o to_o be_v behead_v and_o stay_v himself_o to_o see_v the_o execution_n commit_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o colleague_n pâ—â—licola_n colleague_n 〈◊〉_d in_o vitâ—_n pâ—â—licola_n no_o action_n among_o the_o old_a roman_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n than_o this_o it_o will_v be_v exceed_v difficult_a to_o determine_v whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o motion_n of_o heroic_a virtue_n or_o the_o hardness_n of_o a_o cruel_a and_o unnatural_a humour_n or_o whether_o ambition_n have_v not_o as_o great_a a_o share_n in_o it_o as_o either_o but_o though_o the_o flame_n be_v so_o happy_o stifle_v within_o the_o city_n it_o soon_o break_v out_o with_o great_a fury_n abroâ—d_v for_o tarquin_n be_v not_o only_o receive_v with_o all_o imaginable_a kindness_n and_o respect_n by_o the_o neighbour_a state_n but_o supply_v too_o with_o all_o necessary_n in_o order_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n in_o italy_n be_v at_o that_o time_n porsenna_n king_n of_o hetruria_n or_o tuscany_n who_o not_o content_a to_o furnish_v he_o with_o the_o same_o supply_n as_o the_o rest_n apprâ—â—â—ed_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n in_o his_o behalf_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o rome_n 1._o rome_n ilem_fw-la 〈…〉_o lib._n 1._o the_o city_n be_v in_o great_a hazard_n of_o be_v take_v when_o a_o admiration_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o gallant_a disposition_n of_o the_o roman_n induee_v the_o besieger_n to_o a_o peace_n poplicol_n peace_n plut._n in_o poplicol_n the_o most_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o this_o extraordinary_a courage_n be_v cocles_n mutius_n and_o câ—â—lla_n câ—cles_n when_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v back_o in_o a_o unfortunate_a sally_n and_o the_o enemy_n make_v good_a their_o pursuit_n to_o the_o very_a bridge_n only_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o two_o person_n defend_v it_o against_o their_o whole_a power_n till_o his_o own_o party_n break_v it_o down_o behind_o and_o then_o cast_v himself_o in_o his_o armour_n into_o the_o river_n and_o swim_v over_o to_o the_o other_o side_n ibid._n side_n plut._n ibid._n mutius_n have_v fail_v in_o a_o attempt_n upon_o porsenna_n person_n and_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n to_o be_v examine_v thrust_v his_o right-hand_n which_o have_v commit_v the_o mistake_n into_o a_o pan_n of_o coal_n that_o stand_v ready_a for_o the_o sacrifice_n upon_o which_o generous_a action_n he_o be_v dismiss_v without_o far_a injury_n as_o for_o claelia_n she_o with_o
from_o the_o shop_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o they_o or_o margaritaria_n and_o argentaria_n or_o from_o the_o remarkable_a paint_n in_o they_o as_o porticus_fw-la isidis_n europae_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o join_v as_o porticus_fw-la amphitheatri_fw-la porticus_fw-la circi_fw-la etc._n etc._n 13._o etc._n fabricii_n roma_n cap_n 13._o these_o portico_n be_v sometime_o put_v to_o very_o serious_a use_n serve_v for_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o senate_n on_o several_a account_n sometime_o the_o jeweller_n and_o such_o as_o deal_v in_o the_o most_o precious_a ware_n take_v up_o here_o their_o stand_v to_o expose_v their_o good_n to_o sale_n but_o the_o general_a use_n that_o they_o be_v put_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o walk_v or_o ride_v in_o they_o in_o the_o shade_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n in_o the_o dry_a like_o the_o present_a piazza_n in_o italy_n velleius_n paterculus_n â—_o paterculus_n lib._n 〈◊〉_d 4._o â—_o when_o he_o deplore_v the_o extreme_a corruption_n of_o manner_n that_o have_v creep_v into_o roâ—e_n upon_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n mention_n particular_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o nobleman_n in_o endeavour_v to_o outshine_v one_o another_o in_o the_o magnificence_n of_o their_o portico_n as_o a_o great_a instance_n of_o their_o extravagant_a luxury_n and_o juvenal_n in_o his_o seven_o satyr_n complain_v balnea_fw-la sexcentis_fw-la &_o pluris_fw-la porticus_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la gestatur_fw-la dominus_fw-la quoties_fw-la pluit_fw-la anne_n serenum_fw-la expectet_fw-la spargatve_n luto_fw-la jumenta_fw-la recenti_fw-la hic_fw-la potius_fw-la namque_fw-la hic_fw-la mund_o e_o nitet_fw-la ungula_fw-la mulae_fw-la on_o sumptuous_a bath_n the_o rich_a their_o wealth_n bestow_v or_o some_o expensive_a airy_a portico_n where_o safe_a from_o shower_n they_o may_v be_v bear_v in_o state_n and_o free_a from_o tempest_n for_o fair_a wether_n wait_v or_o rather_o not_o expect_v the_o clear_n sun_n through_o thick_a and_o thin_a their_o equipage_n must_v run_v or_o stay_v it_o be_v not_o for_o their_o servant_n sake_n but_o that_o their_o mule_n no_o prejudice_n may_v take_v mr._n charles_n dryden_n arch_n be_v public_a building_n design_v for_o the_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n of_o noble_a erterprise_n erect_v general_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o such_o eminent_a person_n as_o have_v either_o win_v a_o victory_n of_o extraordinary_a consequence_n abroad_o or_o have_v rescue_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o home_n from_o any_o considerable_a danger_n at_o first_o they_o be_v plain_a and_o rude_a structure_n by_o no_o mean_n remarkable_a for_o beauty_n or_o state_n but_o in_o late_a time_n no_o expense_n be_v think_v too_o great_a for_o the_o render_v they_o in_o the_o high_a manner_n splendid_a and_o magnificent_a no_o thing_n be_v more_o usual_a than_o to_o have_v the_o great_a action_n of_o the_o hero_n they_o stand_v to_o honour_n curious_o express_v or_o the_o whole_a procession_n of_o the_o triumph_n cut_v out_o on_o the_o side_n the_o arch_n build_v by_o romulus_n be_v only_o of_o brick_n that_o of_o camillus_n of_o plain_a square_a stone_n but_o then_o those_o of_o caesar_n drâ—sâ—â—_n titus_n trajan_n gordian_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o entire_o marble_n 14._o marble_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 14._o as_o to_o their_o figure_n they_o be_v at_o first_o semicircular_a whence_o probable_o they_o take_v their_o name_n afterward_o they_o be_v build_v foursquare_a with_o a_o spacious_a arch_a gate_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o little_a one_o on_o each_o side_n upon_o the_o vault_a part_n of_o the_o middle_a gate_n hang_v little_o wing_a image_n represent_v victory_n with_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n which_o when_o they_o be_v let_v down_o they_o put_v upon_o the_o conqueror_n head_n as_o he_o pass_v under_o in_o triumph_n 14._o triumph_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 14._o the_o column_n or_o pillar_n be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a beauty_n of_o the_o city_n they_o be_v at_o last_o convert_v to_o the_o same_o design_n as_o the_o arch_n for_o the_o honourable_a memorial_n of_o some_o noble_a victory_n or_o exploit_n after_o they_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n in_o use_n for_o the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o great_a man_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o homer_n iliad_n 16._o where_o juno_n when_o she_o be_v foretell_v the_o death_n of_o sarpedon_n and_o speak_v at_o last_o of_o carry_v he_o into_o his_o own_o country_n to_o be_v bury_v have_v these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o shall_v his_o brother_n and_o sad_a friend_n receive_v the_o breathless_a corpse_n and_o bear_v it_o to_o the_o grave_a a_o pillar_n shall_v be_v rear_v a_o tomb_n be_v lay_v the_o noble_a honour_n that_o reward_v the_o dead_a the_o pillar_n of_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n and_o antoninus_n have_v be_v extreme_o admire_v for_o their_o beauty_n and_o curious_a work_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n the_o former_a be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o trajan_n forum_n be_v compose_v of_o solid_a stone_n but_o so_o curious_o cement_v as_o to_o seem_v one_o entire_a natural_a stone_n the_o height_n be_v 144_o foot_n according_a to_o eutropius_n 8._o eutropius_n hist_o lib._n 8._o though_o marlian_n 13._o marlian_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 13._o seem_v to_o make_v they_o but_o 128_o yet_o they_o be_v easy_o reconcile_v if_o we_o suppose_v one_o of_o they_o to_o have_v begin_v the_o measure_n from_o the_o pillar_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o basis_n it_o be_v ascend_v on_o the_o inside_n by_o 185_o wind_a stair_n and_o have_v forty_o little_a window_n for_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o light_n the_o whole_a pillar_n be_v incrusted_a with_o marble_n in_o which_o be_v express_v all_o the_o noble_a action_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o particular_o the_o dacian_a war._n one_o may_v see_v all_o over_o the_o several_a figure_n of_o fort_n bulwark_n bridge_n ship_n etc._n etc._n and_o all_o manner_n of_o arm_n as_o shield_n helmet_n target_n sword_n spear_n dagger_n belt_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o several_a office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o soldier_n some_o dig_v trench_n some_o measure_n out_o a_o place_n for_o the_o tent_n and_o other_o make_v a_o triumphal_a procession_n 7._o procession_n fabricius_n cap._n 7._o but_o the_o noble_a ornament_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v the_o statue_n of_o trajan_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o gigantic_a bigness_n be_v no_o less_o than_o twenty_o foot_n high_a he_o be_v represent_v in_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n proper_a to_o the_o general_n hold_v in_o his_o left_a hand_n a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o right_n a_o hollow_a globe_n of_o gold_n in_o which_o his_o own_o ash_n be_v reposit_v after_o his_o death_n 11._o death_n casalius_n pars_fw-la 1._o cap._n 11._o the_o column_n of_o antoninus_n be_v raise_v in_o imitation_n of_o this_o which_o it_o exceed_v only_o in_o one_o respect_n that_o it_o be_v 176_o foot_n high_a 13._o high_a marlian_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 13._o for_o the_o work_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o former_a as_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o decline_a age_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o ascent_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v by_o 106_o stair_n and_o the_o window_n in_o the_o side_n 56._o the_o sculpture_n and_o other_o ornament_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o those_o of_o the_o first_o and_o on_o the_o top_n stand_v a_o colossus_n of_o the_o emperor_n naked_a as_o appear_v from_o some_o of_o his_o coin_n ibid._n coin_n ibid._n both_o these_o column_n be_v still_o stand_v at_o rome_n the_o former_a most_o entire_a but_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o first_o instead_o of_o the_o two_o statue_n of_o the_o emperor_n set_v up_o st._n peter_n on_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n and_o st._n paul_n on_o that_o of_o antoninus_n 11._o antoninus_n casal_n par_fw-fr 1._o cap._n 11._o among_o the_o column_n we_o must_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o miliarium_fw-la 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denote_v the_o quarrel_n
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exit_fw-la humeris_fw-la aulaea_fw-la togae_fw-la magnaeque_fw-la coronae_fw-la tantum_n orbem_fw-la quanto_fw-la cervix_fw-la non_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ulla_fw-la quip_n tenet_fw-la sudans_fw-la hanc_fw-la publicus_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la consul_n ni_fw-fr placeat_fw-la curru_fw-la servus_n portatur_fw-la eodem_fw-la dam_fw-la nunc_fw-la &_o volucrem_fw-la sceptro_fw-la quae_fw-la surgit_fw-la eburno_fw-la illinc_fw-la cornicine_n hinc_fw-la praecedentia_fw-la longi_fw-la agminis_fw-la officia_fw-la &_o niveos_fw-la ad_fw-la fraena_fw-la quirite_n defossa_fw-la in_o loculis_fw-la quos_fw-la sportula_fw-la fecit_fw-la amicos_fw-la what_o have_v he_o do_v have_v he_o behold_v on_o high_a our_o consul_n seat_v in_o mock-majesty_n his_o chariot_n roll_a over_o the_o dusty_a place_n while_o with_o dumb_a pride_n and_o a_o set_v formal_a face_n he_o move_v in_o the_o dull_a ceremonial_a track_n with_o jove_n embroider_v coat_n upon_o his_o back_n a_o suit_n of_o hanging_n have_v not_o more_o 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into_o the_o roman_a power_n they_o use_v sub_fw-la jugum_fw-la mitti_fw-la
the_o field_n and_o combat_n for_o renown_n the_o chess-man_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v be_v general_o of_o wax_n or_o glass_n their_o common_a name_n be_v calculi_fw-la or_o latrunculi_fw-la the_o poet_n sometime_o term_v they_o latrones_fw-la whence_o latrunculus_fw-la be_v at_o first_o derive_v for_o latro_n among_o the_o ancient_n signify_v at_o first_o a_o servant_n as_o the_o word_n knave_n in_o english_a and_o afterward_o a_o soldier_n seneca_n have_v mention_v this_o play_n often_o perhaps_o then_o any_o other_o roman_a author_n particular_o in_o one_o place_n he_o have_v a_o very_a remarkable_a story_n in_o which_o he_o design_n to_o give_v we_o a_o example_n of_o wonderful_a resolution_n and_o contempt_n of_o death_n though_o some_o will_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o interpret_v it_o as_o on_o instance_n of_o insensible_a stupidity_n the_o story_n be_v this_o one_o canius_n julius_n who_o he_o extol_v very_o much_o on_o other_o account_n have_v be_v sentence_v to_o death_n by_o 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fritillum_fw-la pyrgus_n turricula_fw-la orca_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v many_o odd_a term_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o author_n by_o which_o they_o signify_v their_o fortunate_a and_o unfortunate_a cast_v we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o the_o worst_a the_o best_a cast_n with_o the_o tali_fw-la be_v when_o there_o come_v up_o four_o different_a number_n as_o tres_n quatre_fw-fr sice_n ace_n the_o best_a with_o the_o dice_n be_v three_o sices_n the_o common_a term_n for_o both_o be_v venus_n or_o basilicus_n the_o poor_a cast_v in_o both_o have_v the_o name_n of_o canis_n persius_n oppose_v the_o senio_fw-la and_o the_o canicula_fw-la as_o the_o best_a and_o worst_a chance_n quid_fw-la dexter_a senio_fw-la ferret_n scire_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o votis_fw-la damnosa_fw-la canicula_fw-la quantum_fw-la raderet_fw-la angustae_fw-la collo_fw-la non_fw-la fallier_n orcae_fw-la sat._n 3._o but_o then_o my_o study_n be_v to_o cog_v the_o dice_n and_o dext'rous_o to_o throw_v the_o lucky_a sice_n to_o shun_v ames-ace_n that_o sweep_v my_o stake_n away_o and_o watch_v the_o box_n for_o fear_v they_o shall_v convey_v false_a bone_n and_o put_v upon_o i_o in_o the_o play_n mr._n dryden_n the_o wise_a and_o severe_a roman_n think_v this_o sedentary_a diversion_n fit_v only_o for_o age_a man_n who_o can_v not_o so_o well_o employ_v themselves_o in_o any_o stir_a recreation_n let_v they_o say_v old_a cato_n in_o tully_n have_v their_o armour_n their_o horse_n and_o their_o spear_n let_v they_o take_v their_o club_n and_o their_o javelin_n let_v they_o have_v their_o swim_a match_n and_o their_o race_n so_o they_o do_v but_o leave_v we_o among_o the_o numerous_a sport_n the_o tali_fw-la and_o the_o tesserae_fw-la but_o the_o general_a corruption_n of_o manner_n make_v the_o case_n quite_o otherwise_o si_fw-mi damnosa_fw-la senem_fw-la juvat_fw-la alea_fw-la ludit_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la bullatus_fw-la parvoque_fw-la eadem_fw-la movet_fw-la arma_fw-la fritillo_fw-la if_o game_n do_v a_o age_a sire_n entice_v then_o my_o young_a master_n swift_o learn_v the_o vice_n and_o shake_v in_o hanging-sleeve_n the_o little_a box_n and_o dice_n nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o this_o game_n shall_v be_v practise_v with_o any_o moderation_n in_o the_o city_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v common_o profess_v admirer_n of_o it_o augustus_n himself_o play_v unreasonable_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o time_n of_o year_n 71._o year_n sueton._n aug._n cap._n 71._o but_o the_o great_a master_n of_o this_o art_n be_v the_o emperor_n claudius_n who_o by_o his_o constant_a practice_n even_o as_o he_o ride_v about_o in_o his_o chariot_n gain_v so_o much_o experience_n as_o to_o compose_v a_o book_n on_o the_o subject_a hence_o seneca_n in_o his_o sarcastical_a relation_n of_o that_o emperor_n apotheosis_n when_o after_o a_o great_a many_o adventure_n he_o have_v at_o last_o bring_v he_o to_o hell_n make_v the_o infernal_a judge_n condemn_v he_o as_o the_o most_o proper_a punishment_n in_o the_o world_n to_o play_v continual_o at_o die_n with_o a_o box_n that_o have_v the_o bottom_n out_o which_o keep_v he_o always_o in_o hope_n and_o yet_o always_o balk_v his_o expectation_n nam_fw-la quoties_fw-la missurus_fw-la erat_fw-la resonante_fw-la fritillo_fw-la utraque_fw-la subducto_fw-la fugiebat_fw-la tessera_fw-la fundo_fw-la cùm_fw-la quae_fw-la recollectos_fw-la auderet_fw-la mittere_fw-la talos_fw-la lusuro_fw-la similis_fw-la semper_fw-la semperque_fw-la petenti_fw-la decepere_fw-la fidem_fw-la refugit_fw-la digitosque_fw-la per_fw-la ipsos_fw-la fallax_fw-la assiduo_fw-la dilabitur_fw-la alea_fw-la furto_fw-la sic_fw-la cùm_fw-la jam_fw-la summi_fw-la tanguntur_fw-la culmina_fw-la montis_fw-la irrita_fw-la sisyphio_n volvuntur_fw-la pondera_fw-la collo_fw-la for_o whensoever_o he_o shake_v the_o box_n to_o cast_v the_o rattle_a die_n delude_v his_o eager_a haste_n and_o if_o he_o try_v again_o the_o waggish_a bone_n insensible_o 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2._o paganica_fw-la a_o ball_n stuff_v with_o feather_n which_o martial_a thus_o describe_v haec_fw-la quae_fw-la
the_o languish_a art_n under_o vespasian_n titus_n and_o domitian_n for_o this_o last_o too_o be_v a_o encourager_n of_o poesy_n though_o he_o banish_v the_o philosopher_n scarce_o serve_v to_o any_o better_a purpose_n than_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o poor_a success_n of_o study_n and_o application_n while_o the_o ancient_a genius_n be_v want_v in_o the_o six_o next_o reign_n immediate_o follow_v domitian_n learning_n seem_v to_o have_v enjoy_v a_o sort_n of_o lucid_a interval_n and_o the_o banish_a favourite_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o court_n be_v high_o countenance_v and_o applaud_v by_o the_o best_a set_v of_o prince_n rome_n ever_o see_v not_o to_o inquire_v after_o the_o production_n of_o the_o other_o reign_v the_o useful_a labour_n of_o tacitus_n suetonius_n and_o pliny_n junior_n will_v make_v the_o government_n of_o trajan_n more_o famous_a than_o all_o his_o feat_n of_o arms._n if_o they_o be_v less_o happy_a in_o their_o language_n than_o the_o ancient_n in_o other_o respect_n perhaps_o they_o have_v over-marched_a they_o the_o historian_n in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o their_o politic_n and_o the_o sincere_a truth_n of_o their_o relation_n and_o the_o orator_n in_o his_o wit_n and_o good_a sense_n if_o we_o add_v to_o these_o plutarch_n who_o write_v most_o of_o his_o work_n in_o rome_n and_o be_v honour_v by_o trajan_n with_o the_o consulship_n and_o quinctilian_n who_o flourish_v a_o very_a little_a time_n before_o they_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o twilight_n of_o learning_n after_o the_o sunset_n of_o the_o augustan_n age_n or_o rather_o be_v resemble_v to_o a_o glimmer_a taper_n which_o cast_v a_o double_a light_n when_o its_o just_a on_o the_o point_n of_o expire_a it_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o sir_n william_n temple_n that_o all_o the_o latin_a book_n which_o we_o have_v till_o the_o end_n of_o trajan_n and_o all_o the_o greek_a till_o the_o end_n of_o marcus_n antoninus_n have_v a_o true_a and_o very_a esteemable_a value_n but_o that_o all_o 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though_o adrian_n voluntary_o relinquish_v these_o new_a acquisition_n yet_o the_o prodigious_a swarm_n of_o the_o native_n who_o have_v wait_v on_o his_o predecessor_n triumph_n be_v still_o oblige_v to_o live_v in_o rome_n in_o the_o condition_n of_o slave_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n who_o find_v it_o so_o hard_a a_o enterprise_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o territory_n have_v little_a leisure_n or_o concern_v to_o guard_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o muse_n and_o therefore_o claudian_n in_o those_o verse_n of_o his_o panegyric_n on_o stilico_n hinc_fw-la prisee_fw-mi redeunt_fw-la art_n felicibus_fw-la inde_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la aperitur_fw-la iter_fw-la despectaque_fw-la musâ—e_fw-la colla_n levant_a be_v guilty_a of_o a_o grand_a piece_n of_o flattery_n in_o make_v that_o minister_n the_o restorer_n of_o polite_a study_n when_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o his_o time_n under_o honorius_n be_v the_o last_o struggle_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n who_o soon_o carry_v all_o before_o they_o may_v easy_o fright_v learning_n and_o science_n off_o the_o stage_n since_o they_o be_v already_o so_o much_o out_o of_o countenance_n and_o thus_o render_v the_o conqueror_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o rough_a and_o illiterate_a as_o their_o first_o progenitor_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o inundation_n of_o the_o barbarous_a people_n prove_v equal_o fatal_a to_o art_n and_o empire_n and_o rome_n herself_o when_o she_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o little_a time_n quite_o forget_v to_o speak_v latin_n essay_n ii_o of_o the_o roman_a education_n it_o be_v a_o obvious_a remark_n that_o the_o strong_a body_n owe_v its_o vigour_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o the_o very_a milk_n it_o receive_v in_o its_o infancy_n and_o to_o the_o first_o knit_n of_o the_o joint_n that_o the_o most_o stately_a tree_n and_o the_o fair_a of_o herb_n and_o flower_n be_v behold_v for_o their_o shade_n and_o beauty_n to_o the_o hand_n that_o first_o fix_v they_o in_o a_o agreeable_a soil_n a_o advantage_n which_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o want_v they_o seldom_o fail_v to_o degenerate_v into_o wildness_n and_o to_o assume_v a_o nature_n quite_o different_a from_o their_o proper_a species_n every_o own_o know_v how_o to_o apply_v the_o same_o observation_n to_o moral_n who_o have_v the_o sense_n to_o discover_v it_o in_o natural_n hence_o the_o most_o renown_a people_n in_o story_n be_v those_o who_o lawgiver_n think_v it_o their_o noble_a and_o most_o important_a work_n to_o prescribe_v rule_n for_o the_o early_a institution_n of_o youth_n on_o this_o basis_n lycurgus_n found_v the_o glorious_a discipline_n of_o the_o spartan_n which_o continue_v for_o five_o hundred_o year_n without_o any_o considerable_a violation_n the_o indian_a brahmin_n have_v a_o strain_n beyond_o all_o the_o wit_n of_o greece_n begin_v their_o care_n of_o mankind_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n and_o employ_v much_o thought_n and_o diligence_n about_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o their_o breed_a woman_n so_o far_o as_o to_o furnish_v they_o with_o pleasant_a imagination_n to_o compose_v their_o mind_n and_o their_o sleep_n with_o the_o best_a temper_n during_o the_o time_n that_o they_o carry_v their_o burden_n 1._o burden_n sir_n will._n temple_n miscell_n p._n 2._o essay_n 1._o plutarch_n severe_o reprehend_v the_o conduct_n of_o numa_n that_o in_o his_o settlement_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n provide_v and_o constitute_v rule_n for_o the_o education_n of_o child_n and_o make_v the_o remissness_n in_o this_o early_a discipline_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o seditious_a and_o turbulent_a temper_n of_o that_o people_n and_o what_o contribute_v high_o to_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n lycurg_n commonwealth_n plutarch_n compar_fw-la of_o numa_n and_o lycurg_n thus_o much_o indeed_o seem_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o the_o late_a historian_n that_o in_o the_o loose_a time_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o shameful_a negligence_n of_o parent_n and_o instructor_n with_o its_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o corruption_n and_o decay_n of_o morality_n and_o good_a letter_n strike_v a_o very_a great_a blow_n towards_o the_o dissolve_v of_o that_o glorious_a fabric_n but_o in_o the_o rise_a age_n of_o rome_n while_o theiâ—_n primitive_a integrity_n and_o virtue_n flourish_v with_o their_o arm_n and_o command_v the_o train_n up_o of_o youth_n be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o mosâ—_n sacred_a duty_n and_o they_o think_v themselves_o in_o the_o high_a manner_n oblige_v to_o leave_v fit_a successor_n to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o upon_o a_o short_a survey_n of_o their_o whole_a method_n and_o discipline_n from_o the_o birth_n to_o the_o entrance_n on_o public_a business_n they_o will_v appear_v so_o far_o to_o have_v exceed_v the_o wisdom_n and_o care_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o to_o contend_v for_o this_o glory_n ever_o with_o the_o ancient_a spartan_n who_o plutarch_n have_v magnify_v 〈◊〉_d much_o beyond_o they_o especial_o if_o we_o agree_v with_o a_o very_a greaâ—_n judge_n that_o the_o take_v no_o care_n about_o the_o learning_n but_o only_o about_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o child_n may_v be_v just_o think_v a_o defect_n in_o lycurgus_n his_o institution_n education_n institution_n archbishop_n tillotson_n sermon_n of_o education_n quinctilian_n or_o tacitus_n in_o the_o dialogue_n de_fw-fr oratoribus_fw-la give_v a_o excellent_a account_n of_o the_o old_a way_n of_o breed_a child_n and_o set_v it_o off_o with_o great_a advantage_n by_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o modern_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v he_o be_v not_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o a_o hire_a nurse_n to_o live_v with_o she_o in_o some_o pitiful_a hole_n that_o serve_v for_o her_o lodging_n but_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o lap_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o mother_n who_o reckon_v it_o among_o her_o chief_a commendation_n to_o keep_v the_o
adorn_v with_o copper_n cut_v 8_o vo_z now_o in_o the_o press_n a_o universal_a dictonary_n explain_v all_o difficult_a english_a word_n ancient_a and_o modern_a as_o also_o the_o term_n use_v in_o all_o art_n and_o science_n together_o with_o their_o etymology_n collect_v from_o the_o most_o esteem_a author_n ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o make_v more_o accurate_a and_o complete_a than_o any_o hitherto_o extant_a by_o several_a person_n particular_o learn_v in_o the_o science_n they_o undertake_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a will_v be_v digest_v into_o alphabetical_a order_n and_o contain_v in_o one_o entire_a volume_n in_o folio_n the_o antiquity_n of_o greece_n or_o a_o account_n of_o the_o religion_n civil_a government_n magistrate_n law_n custom_n military_a discipline_n arm_n public_a building_n exercise_n sport_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n with_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n etc._n etc._n 8_o vo_z the_o life_n of_o the_o apostle_n new_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a part_n i._o the_o original_a growth_n and_o decay_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o building_n of_o the_o city_n while_o we_o view_v the_o original_a of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n the_o most_o delightful_a and_o surprise_v part_n of_o history_n we_o easy_o discern_v as_o the_o first_o and_o fair_a prospect_n the_o rise_v of_o the_o jewish_a and_o roman_a commonwealth_n of_o which_o as_o the_o former_a have_v the_o honour_n always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o favourite_n of_o heaven_n and_o the_o peculiar_a care_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o the_o other_o have_v very_o good_a pretension_n to_o style_v herself_o the_o darling_n of_o fortune_n who_o seem_v to_o express_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a fondness_n for_o this_o her_o young_a daughter_n as_o if_o she_o have_v design_v the_o three_o former_a monarchy_n pure_o for_o a_o foil_n to_o set_v off_o this_o latter_a their_o own_o historian_n rare_o begin_v without_o a_o fit_a of_o wonder_n and_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o delineate_v the_o glorious_a scene_n give_v themselves_o the_o liberty_n of_o stand_v still_o some_o time_n to_o admire_v at_o a_o distance_n for_o the_o founder_n of_o the_o city_n and_o republic_n author_n have_v long_a since_o agree_v on_o romulus_n son_n of_o rhea_n sylvia_n and_o descendant_n of_o aeneas_n from_o who_o his_o pedigree_n may_v be_v thus_o in_o short_a derive_v upon_o the_o final_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o troy_n by_o the_o grecian_n aeneas_n with_o a_o small_a number_n of_o follower_n have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o secure_v himself_o by_o slight_a his_o escape_n be_v very_o much_o countenance_v by_o the_o enemy_n inasmuch_o as_o upon_o all_o occasion_n he_o have_v erpress_v his_o inclination_n to_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o the_o restore_n of_o helâ—â—_n the_o unhappy_a cause_n of_o all_o the_o mischief_n sail_v thus_o from_o treyn_n after_o a_o tedious_a voyage_n and_o great_a variety_n of_o adventure_n he_o aâ—â—rived_v at_o last_o at_o latium_n a_o part_n of_o italy_n so_o call_v à _fw-la latendo_fw-la oâ—â—_n from_o lie_v bid_v be_v the_o place_n that_o saturn_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o retirement_n when_o expel_v the_o kingdom_n of_o crete_n by_o his_o rebellious_a son_n jupiter_n here_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o country_n at_o that_o time_n latinus_n he_o obtain_v his_o only_a daughter_n lavinia_n 〈◊〉_d marriage_n and_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father-in-law_n be_v leave_v be_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o remove_v the_o imperial_a seat_n from_o laurentum_n to_o lavinium_n a_o city_n which_o he_o have_v build_v himself_o iâ—â—_n honour_n of_o his_o wise_a and_o decease_a soon_o after_o the_o right_a 〈◊〉_d succession_n rest_v in_o ascanius_n whether_o his_o son_n by_o a_o former_a wife_n and_o the_o same_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o troy_n or_o another_o of_o thaâ—_n name_n which_o he_o have_v by_o lavinia_n livy_n leave_v undetermined_a ascanius_n be_v under_o age_n the_o government_n be_v entrust_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o lavinia_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o leave_v his_o mother_n in_o possession_n of_o lavinium_n and_o remove_v with_o part_n of_o the_o man_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a city_n along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n albanus_n call_v from_o thence_o longa_n alba._n after_o he_o by_o a_o succession_n of_o eleven_o prince_n the_o kingdom_n devolve_v at_o laâ—â—_n to_o procas_n procas_n at_o his_o death_n leave_v two_o son_n numitor_n and_o amulius_n of_o who_o amulius_n overreach_v his_o elder_a brother_n obligâ—â—_n he_o to_o quit_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o he_o thereupon_o securâ—â—_n to_o himself_o and_o to_o prevent_v all_o disturbance_n that_o may_v probable_o arise_v to_o he_o or_o his_o posterity_n from_o the_o elder_a family_n make_v away_o with_o all_o the_o male_n he_o constrain_v numitor_n only_a daughter_n rhea_n sylvia_n to_o take_v on_o she_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o vestal_a and_o consequent_o a_o vow_n of_o perpetual_a virginity_n however_o the_o princess_n be_v soon_o after_o find_v with_o child_n and_o deliver_v of_o two_o boy_n remulus_n and_o remus_n the_o tyrant_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o truth_n immediate_o condemn_v his_o niece_n to_o strait_a imprisonment_n and_o the_o infant_n to_o be_v expose_v or_o carry_v and_o leave_v in_o a_o strange_a place_n where_o â—_z very_o improbable_a they_o shall_v meet_v with_o any_o relief_n theâ—_n servant_n who_o have_v the_o care_n of_o this_o inhuman_a office_n leave_v the_o child_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n tiber_n in_o this_o sad_a condition_n they_o be_v casual_o discover_v by_o faustulâ—â—_n the_o king_n shepherd_n who_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o the_o plot_n take_v the_o infant_n up_o and_o carry_v they_o home_o to_o his_o wife_n laurentia_n to_o be_v â—ursed_v with_o his_o own_o child_n 1._o child_n lavy_n lib._n 1._o this_o wife_n of_o his_o have_v former_o be_v a_o common_a prostitute_n call_v in_o latin_a lupa_n which_o word_n signify_v likewise_o a_o she-wolf_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o story_n of_o their_o be_v nurse_v by_o such_o a_o beast_n though_o some_o take_v the_o word_n always_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n and_o maintain_v that_o they_o real_o subsist_v some_o time_n by_o suck_v such_o a_o creature_n before_o they_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v relieve_v by_o fausâ—uluâ—_n 1._o fausâ—uluâ—_n see_v dempster_n note_n to_o r_o sinus's_fw-fr antiquity_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o boy_n as_o they_o grow_v up_o discover_v the_o natural_a greatness_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o thought_n addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o generous_a exercise_n of_o hunt_v race_v take_v of_o robber_n and_o suchlike_a and_o always_o express_v a_o great_a desire_n of_o undertake_v any_o enterprise_n that_o appear_v hazardous_a and_o noble_a râ—muluâ—_n noble_a plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o râ—muluâ—_n now_o there_o happen_v a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o herdsman_n of_o numitor_n and_o amuâ—ius_n the_o former_a light_n casual_o on_o remus_n bring_v he_o before_o their_o master_n to_o be_v examine_v numitor_n learning_n from_o his_o own_o mouth_n the_o strange_a circumstance_n of_o his_o education_n and_o fortune_n easy_o guess_v he_o to_o be_v one_o of_o his_o grandson_n who_o have_v be_v expose_v he_o be_v soon_o confirm_v in_o this_o conjecture_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o faustulus_n and_o romulus_n when_o the_o whole_a business_n be_v lay_v open_a upon_o consultation_n have_v gain_v over_o to_o their_o party_n a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o disaffect_v citizen_n they_o contrive_v to_o surprise_v amulius_n and_o re-establish_a numitor._n this_o design_n be_v soon_o after_o very_o happy_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o tyrant_n slay_v and_o the_o old_a king_n restore_v to_o a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o crown_n 1._o crown_n ibid._n and_o lavy_n lib_n 1._o the_o young_a prince_n have_v no_o soon_o re-seated_n their_o grandfather_n in_o his_o throne_n but_o they_o begin_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v one_o for_o themselves_o they_o have_v high_a thought_n than_o to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o be_v unwilling_a to_o live_v in_o alba_n because_o they_o can_v not_o govern_v there_o so_o take_v with_o they_o their_o foster-father_n and_o what_o other_o they_o can_v get_v together_o they_o begin_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a city_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o in_o their_o infancy_n they_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o 1._o up_o pluterâ—h_o as_o before_o and_o lavy_a lib._n 1._o the_o first_o wall_n be_v scarce_o finish_v when_o upon_o a_o slight_a quarrel_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o be_v various_o report_v by_o historian_n the_o young_a brother_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v slay_v thus_o the_o whole_a power_n come_v into_o romulus_n hand_n who_o carry_v on_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o
the_o command_n of_o the_o continent_n can_v not_o satisfy_v the_o roman_a courage_n especial_o while_o they_o see_v so_o delicious_a a_o isle_n as_o sicily_n almost_o within_o their_o reach_n they_o only_o wait_v a_o occasion_n to_o pass_v the_o sea_n when_o fortune_n present_v as_o fair_a a_o one_o as_o they_o can_v wish_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o messina_n a_o sicilian_a city_n make_v grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n a_o people_n of_o vast_a wealth_n and_o power_n and_o that_o have_v the_o same_o design_n on_o sicily_n as_o the_o roman_n 2._o roman_n florus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o a_o fleet_n be_v soon_o man_v out_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o city_n be_v bring_v over_o 2._o over_o eutrop._n lib._n 2._o the_o entire_a conquest_n of_o the_o island_n quick_o follow_v and_o sardinia_n and_o corfica_n be_v take_v in_o about_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o separate_a squadron_n and_o now_o under_o the_o command_n of_o regulus_n and_o manlius_n the_o consul_n the_o war_n be_v translate_v into_o africa_n three_o hundred_o fort_n and_o castle_n be_v destroy_v in_o their_o march_n and_o the_o victorious_a legion_n encamp_v under_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n the_o enemy_n reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n be_v oblige_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o xantippus_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o age_n who_o immediate_o march_v to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n in_o the_o very_a first_o engagement_n with_o the_o roman_n he_o entire_o defeat_v their_o whole_a power_n thirty_o thousand_o be_v kill_v on_o the_o spot_n and_o fifteen_o thousand_o with_o the_o consul_n regulus_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o good_a success_n always_o encourage_v the_o roman_n to_o great_a design_n so_o a_o contrary_a event_n do_v but_o exasperate_v they_o the_o more_o the_o new_a consul_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v with_o a_o powerful_a navy_n and_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n several_a campaignes_n be_v now_o waste_v without_o any_o considerable_a advantage_n on_o either_o side_n or_o if_o the_o roman_n gain_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o victory_n they_o general_o lose_v as_o much_o by_o shipwreck_n when_o at_o last_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o both_o state_n be_v draw_v together_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v final_o defeat_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o 125_o ship_n sink_v in_o the_o engagement_n 73_o taken_z 32000_o man_n kill_v and_o 13000_o prisoner_n upon_o this_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o sue_v for_o a_o peace_n which_o after_o much_o entreaty_n and_o upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n be_v at_o last_o obtain_v 2._o obtain_v eutrop._n lib._n 2._o but_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v too_o great_a spirit_n to_o submit_v to_o such_o terrible_a term_n any_o long_a than_o their_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o in_o four_o year_n time_n 6._o time_n florus_n lib._n 2._o c._n 6._o they_o have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o foot_n and_o 20000_o horse_n 3._o horse_n eutrop._n lib._n 3._o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o famous_a hannibal_n who_o force_v a_o way_n through_o the_o pyrenâ—ean_a mountain_n and_o the_o alps_n repute_v till_o that_o time_n impassable_a descend_v with_o his_o vast_a army_n into_o italy_n in_o four_o successive_a battle_n he_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o at_o cannae_n 40000_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v kill_v ibid._n kill_v ibid._n and_o have_v he_o not_o be_v mere_o cast_v away_o by_o the_o envy_n and_o ill-will_a of_o his_o own_o countryman_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o must_v have_v entire_o ruin_v the_o roman_a state_n hannibal_n state_n cornelius_n nepos_n in_o vit_fw-mi hannibal_n but_o supply_v of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v sometime_o absolute_o deny_v he_o and_o never_o come_v but_o very_o slow_o the_o roman_n have_v such_o opportunity_n to_o recruit_v as_o they_o little_o expect_v from_o so_o experience_v a_o adversary_n the_o wise_a management_n of_o fabius_n maximus_n be_v the_o first_o revival_n of_o the_o roman_a cause_n he_o know_v very_o well_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o march_v against_o he_o without_o intend_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o to_o wait_v constant_o upon_o he_o to_o straiten_v his_o quarter_n intercept_v his_o provision_n and_o so_o make_v the_o victorious_a army_n pine_v away_o with_o penury_n and_o want_n with_o this_o design_n he_o always_o encamp_v upon_o the_o high_a hill_n where_o the_o horse_n can_v have_v no_o access_n to_o he_o when_o they_o march_v he_o do_v the_o same_o but_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o a_o engagement_n by_o this_o policy_n he_o so_o break_v hannibal_n army_n as_o to_o make_v he_o absolute_o despair_v of_o get_v any_o thing_n in_o italy_n max._n italy_n flutarch_n in_o vit_fw-mi fab._n max._n but_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o conduct_n of_o scipio_n he_o have_v before_o reduce_v all_o spain_n into_o subjection_n and_o now_o take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o hannibal_n at_o first_o have_v do_v he_o march_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a force_n into_o africa_n and_o carry_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o carthage_n oblige_v the_o enemy_n to_o call_v home_o their_o general_n out_o of_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n hannibal_n obey_v and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o a_o engagement_n after_o a_o long_a dispute_n wherein_o the_o commander_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o side_n be_v report_v to_o have_v outdo_v themselves_o the_o victory_n fall_v to_o the_o roman_n whereupon_o the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v once_o more_o to_o suâ—â—_n for_o a_o peace_n which_o be_v again_o grant_v they_o though_o upon_o much_o hard_a condition_n than_o before_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o happy_a conclusion_n of_o this_o war_n have_v so_o high_o advance_v themselves_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a state_n that_o the_o athenian_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o greece_n be_v at_o this_o time_n miserable_o enslave_v by_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n unanimous_o petition_v the_o senate_n for_o assistance_n a_o fleet_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o land-force_n be_v present_o dispatch_v to_o their_o relief_n by_o who_o valour_n the_o tyrant_n after_o several_a defeat_n be_v compel_v to_o restore_v all_o greece_n to_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v a_o annual_a tribute_n to_o the_o conqueror_n 4._o conqueror_n eutrop._n lib._n 4._o hannibal_n after_o his_o late_a defeat_n have_v apply_v himself_o to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o roman_n acilius_n glabrio_n be_v first_o send_v to_o oppose_v he_o and_o have_v the_o fortune_n to_o give_v he_o several_a defeat_n when_o cornelius_n scipio_n the_o roman_a admiral_n engage_v with_o the_o king_n force_n at_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hannibal_n entire_o ruin_v the_o whole_a fleet._n which_o victory_n be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o another_o as_o signal_n at_o land_n the_o effeminate_a prince_n be_v content_v to_o purchase_v a_o peace_n at_o the_o price_n of_o almost_o half_o his_o kingdom_n 8._o kingdom_n florus_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 8._o the_o victorious_a roman_n have_v scarce_o conclude_v the_o public_a rejoice_n on_o account_n of_o the_o late_a success_n when_o the_o death_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n present_v they_o with_o a_o occasion_n of_o a_o more_o glorious_a triumph_n his_o son_n perseus_n that_o succeed_v resolve_v to_o break_v with_o the_o senate_n apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o raise_v force_n and_o procure_v other_o necessary_n for_o a_o war._n never_o be_v great_a appearance_n in_o the_o field_n than_o on_o both_o side_n most_o of_o the_o considerable_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n but_o fortune_n still_o declare_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o perseus_n prodigious_a army_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o consul_n aemylius_fw-la and_o the_o king_n oblige_v to_o surrender_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n 1._o conqueror_n vell._n paterc_n lib._n 1._o author_n that_o write_v of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n here_o fix_v the_o end_n of_o the_o macedonian_a empire_n but_o rome_n can_v not_o think_v herself_o secure_a among_o all_o these_o conquest_n while_o her_o old_a rival_n carthage_n be_v yet_o stand_v so_o that_o upon_o a_o slight_a provocation_n the_o city_n after_o three_o year_n siege_n be_v take_v and_o utter_o raze_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o publius_n scipio_n grandson_n by_o adoption_n to_o he_o that_o conquer_v hannibal_n ibid._n hannibal_n ibid._n not_o long_o after_o attalus_n king_n of_o pergamus_n die_v without_o issue_n leave_v his_o vast_a territory_n
they_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o confirm_v the_o election_n of_o the_o soldier_n especial_o since_o they_o have_v pitch_v upon_o such_o a_o easy_a prince_n as_o will_v be_v whole_o at_o their_o command_n and_o disposal_n caligula_n disposal_n aurelius_n victer_n de_fw-fr casâ—ribus_fw-la in_o caligula_n the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n be_v the_o most_o memorable_a in_o his_o time_n owe_v partly_o to_o a_o expedition_n that_o he_o make_v in_o person_n but_o chief_o to_o the_o valour_n of_o his_o lieutenant_n ostorius_n scapula_n aulus_n plautius_n and_o veâ—pasâ—an_n the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o his_o reign_n as_o follow_v mesopotamia_n in_o the_o east_n rhine_n and_o damebe_n in_o the_o north_n mauritania_n in_o the_o south_n and_o britain_n in_o the_o west_n claud._n west_n aurelius_n victer_n deâ—â—saribâ—s_n â—â—saribâ—s_z in_o claud._n the_o roman_a arm_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n under_o nero_n especial_o when_o suctonius_n tell_v we_o he_o neither_o hope_v nor_o desire_v the_o enlargement_n of_o the_o empire_n 18._o empire_n sucton_n in_o nerone_n cap._n 18._o however_o two_o country_n be_v in_o his_o time_n reduce_v into_o roman_a province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o pontus_n and_o the_o cottian_a alps_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o divide_v dauphine_n and_o piedmont_n brâ—tain_n and_o aâ—menia_n be_v once_o both_o lose_v 40._o lose_v idem_fw-la cap._n 40._o and_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n recover_v and_o indeed_o his_o averseness_n to_o the_o camp_n make_v he_o far_o more_o odious_a to_o the_o soldier_n than_o all_o his_o other_o vice_n to_o the_o people_n so_o that_o when_o the_o citizen_n have_v the_o patience_n to_o endure_v he_o for_o fourteen_o year_n the_o army_n under_o galba_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o spain_n be_v constrain_v to_o undertake_v his_o removal_n galba_n be_v acknowledge_v on_o all_o hand_n for_o the_o great_a reformer_n of_o martial_a discipline_n and_o though_o before_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o empire_n he_o have_v be_v famous_a for_o his_o exploit_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o part_n 8._o part_n sucton_n in_o galb_n cap._n 8._o yet_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o advancement_n afterward_o his_o age_n and_o severity_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o his_o ruin_n the_o first_o of_o which_o render_v he_o contemptible_a and_o the_o other_o odious_a and_o the_o remedy_n he_o use_v to_o appease_v the_o dissatisfaction_n do_v but_o ripen_v they_o for_o revenge_n for_o immediate_o upon_o his_o adopt_v piso_n by_o which_o he_o hope_v to_o have_v pacisied_a the_o people_n otho_n who_o have_v ever_o expect_v that_o honour_n and_o be_v now_o enrage_v at_o his_o disappointment_n 17._o disappointment_n idem_fw-la cap._n 17._o upon_o application_n make_v to_o the_o soldier_n easy_o procure_v the_o murder_n of_o the_o old_a prince_n and_o his_o adopt_a son_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v himself_o advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o german_a army_n under_o vitellius_n have_v a_o equal_a aversion_n to_o the_o old_a emperor_n with_o those_o at_o rome_n have_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o own_o commander_n otho_n upon_o the_o first_o notice_n of_o their_o design_n have_v send_v to_o proffer_n vitellius_n a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o government_n with_o himself_o 8._o himself_o suet._n in_o othon_n cap._n 8._o but_o all_o proposal_n for_o a_o accommodation_n be_v refuse_v and_o himself_o compel_v as_o it_o be_v to_o march_v against_o the_o force_n that_o be_v send_v towards_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o defeat_v they_o in_o three_o small_a engagement_n but_o have_v be_v worsted_n in_o a_o great_a fight_n at_o bebriacum_n though_o he_o have_v still_o sufficient_a strength_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o expect_v daily_o a_o reinforcement_n from_o several_a part_n 9_o part_n ibid._n cap._n 9_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o by_o all_o the_o argument_n in_o the_o world_n be_v prevail_v with_o to_o hazard_v another_o battle_n but_o to_o end_v the_o contention_n kill_v himself_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n on_o this_o account_n historian_n though_o they_o represent_v his_o life_n as_o the_o most_o exact_a picture_n of_o unmanly_a softness_n yet_o they_o general_o confess_v his_o death_n equal_a to_o the_o noble_a of_o antiquity_n and_o the_o same_o author_n martial_a author_n martial_a that_o have_v give_v he_o the_o last_a title_n of_o mollis_fw-la otho_fw-la have_v yet_o set_v he_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o famous_a cato_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o last_o action_n of_o his_o life_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o vitellius_n that_o he_o obtain_v the_o empire_n by_o the_o sole_a valour_n of_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o lose_v it_o pure_o on_o his_o own_o account_n his_o extreme_a luxury_n and_o cruelty_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n the_o more_o detestable_a because_o he_o have_v be_v advance_v to_o that_o dignity_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o patron_n of_o his_o country_n and_o the_o restorer_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n within_o eight_o month_n time_n the_o provincial_a army_n have_v unanimous_o agree_v on_o vespasian_n 15._o vespasian_n sueton._n in_o vitel._n cap._n 15._o for_o their_o emperor_n and_o the_o tyrant_n after_o he_o have_v be_v strange_o mangle_v by_o the_o extreme_a fury_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o rabble_n be_v at_o last_o drag_v into_o the_o river_n tiber_n 17._o tiber_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 17._o the_o republic_n be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o advancement_n under_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o three_o last_o reign_n that_o she_o must_v necessary_o have_v feel_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o they_o have_v she_o not_o be_v seasonable_o relieve_v by_o the_o happy_a management_n of_o vespasian_n it_o be_v a_o handsome_a turn_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n when_o by_o order_n of_o caligula_n his_o bosom_n have_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n be_v stuff_v with_o dirt_n to_o put_v this_o interpretation_n on_o the_o accident_n that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v miserable_o abuse_v and_o even_o tread_v under_o foot_n shall_v hereafter_o fly_v to_o his_o bosom_n for_o protection_n 5._o protection_n sueton._n in_o vespas_fw-la cap._n 5._o and_o indeed_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v make_v it_o his_o whole_a care_n and_o design_n to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o city_n and_o state_n occasion_v by_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o the_o late_a time_n nine_o province_n he_o add_v to_o the_o empire_n 7._o empire_n eutrop._n lib._n 7._o and_o be_v so_o very_o exact_a in_o all_o circumstance_n of_o his_o life_n and_o conduct_n that_o one_o who_o have_v examine_v they_o both_o with_o all_o the_o niceness_n imaginable_a can_v find_v nothing_o in_o either_o that_o deserve_v reprehension_n except_o a_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o riches_n 16._o riches_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 16._o and_o he_o covert_o excuse_v he_o for_o this_o by_o extol_v at_o the_o same_o time_n hâ—s_v extraordinary_a magnificence_n and_o liberality_n 18._o liberality_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 17_o 18._o but_o perhaps_o he_o do_v not_o more_o oblige_v the_o world_n by_o his_o own_o reign_n than_o by_o leave_v so_o admirable_a a_o successor_n as_o his_o son_n titus_n the_o only_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n that_o have_v the_o character_n of_o never_o do_v a_o ill_a action_n he_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o courage_n in_o the_o famous_a siege_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o may_v have_v meet_v with_o as_o good_a success_n in_o other_o part_n have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o untimely_a death_n to_o the_o universal_a grief_n of_o mankind_n but_o then_o domitian_n so_o far_o degenerate_v from_o the_o two_o excellent_a example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n as_o to_o seem_v more_o emulous_a of_o copy_v nero_n or_o caligula_n however_o as_o to_o martial_a affair_n he_o be_v as_o happy_a as_o most_o of_o his_o predecessor_n have_v in_o four_o expedition_n subdue_v the_o catti_n daci_n and_o the_o sarmatian_n and_o extinguish_v a_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o first_o beginning_n 6._o beginning_n sucton_n in_o demit_fw-la cap._n 6._o by_o this_o mean_n he_o have_v so_o entire_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o when_o we_o meet_v with_o his_o near_a relation_n and_o even_o his_o very_a wife_n engage_v in_o his_o murder_n 14._o murder_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 14._o yet_o we_o find_v the_o army_n so_o extreme_o dissatisfy_v as_o to_o have_v want_v only_o a_o leader_n to_o revenge_v his_o death_n 23._o death_n id._n ibid._n cap._n 23._o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n from_o domitian_n to_o the_o end_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a the_o two_o follow_a emperor_n have_v be_v deserve_o style_v the_o restorer_n of_o the_o roman_a grandeur_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o viciousness_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o former_a prince_n have_v be_v extreme_o impair_v nerva_n
though_o a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a courage_n and_o virtue_n yet_o do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o empire_n long_o enough_o to_o be_v on_o any_o other_o account_n so_o memorable_a as_o for_o substitute_v so_o admirable_a a_o successor_n in_o his_o room_n as_o trajan_n it_o be_v he_o that_o for_o the_o happiness_n which_o attend_v his_o undertake_n and_o for_o his_o just_a and_o regular_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n have_v be_v set_v in_o competition_n even_o with_o romulus_n himself_o it_o be_v he_o that_o advance_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n far_o than_o all_o his_o predecessor_n reduce_v into_o roman_a province_n the_o five_o vast_a country_n of_o dacia_n assyria_n armenia_n mesopotamia_n and_o arabia_n 8._o arabia_n eutrop._n lib._n 8._o and_o yet_o his_o prudent_a management_n in_o peace_n have_v be_v general_o prefer_v to_o his_o exploit_n in_o war._n his_o justice_n candor_n and_o liberality_n have_v gain_v he_o such_o a_o universal_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n that_o he_o be_v even_o deify_v before_o his_o death_n adrian_n character_n have_v general_o more_o of_o the_o scholar_n than_o the_o soldier_n upon_o which_o account_n as_o much_o as_o out_o of_o euny_n to_o his_o predecessor_n he_o slight_v three_o of_o the_o province_n that_o have_v be_v take_v in_o by_o trajan_n and_o be_v content_v to_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o the_o river_n euphrates_n 8._o euphrates_n eutrop._n lib._n 8._o but_o perhaps_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n that_o ever_o take_v a_o circuit_n round_o his_o dominion_n as_o we_o be_v assure_v he_o do_v ibid._n do_v ib._n ibid._n antoninus_n plus_fw-fr study_v more_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o empire_n than_o the_o enlargement_n of_o it_o however_o his_o admirable_a prudence_n and_o strict_a reformation_n of_o manner_n render_v he_o perhaps_o as_o serviceable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o great_a conqueror_n the_o two_o antonini_n marcus_n and_o lucius_n be_v they_o that_o make_v the_o first_o division_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o be_v both_o famous_a for_o a_o successful_a expedition_n against_o the_o parthian_n and_o the_o former_a who_o be_v the_o long_a river_n be_v especial_o remarkable_a for_o his_o extraordinary_a learning_n and_o strict_a profession_n of_o stoicism_n whence_o he_o have_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o philosopher_n commodus_n be_v as_o note_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o extravagancy_n as_o his_o father_n have_v be_v for_o the_o contrary_a virtue_n and_o after_o a_o very_a short_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v murder_v by_o one_o of_o his_o mistress_n 1._o mistress_n zozimus_fw-la hist_o lib._n 1._o pertinax_n too_o be_v immediate_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o soldier_n who_o find_v he_o a_o more_o rigid_a exactor_n of_o discipline_n than_o they_o have_v be_v late_o use_v to_o and_o now_o claim_v to_o themselves_o the_o privilege_n of_o choose_v a_o emperor_n they_o fair_o expose_v the_o dignity_n to_o sale_n ibid._n sale_n ibid._n didius_n julian_n be_v the_o high_a bidder_n and_o be_v thereupon_o invest_v with_o the_o honour_n but_o as_o he_o only_o expose_v himself_o to_o ridicule_n by_o such_o a_o mad_a project_n so_o he_o be_v in_o a_o instant_n make_v away_o with_o in_o hope_n of_o another_o bargain_n zozimus_n make_v he_o no_o better_a than_o a_o sort_n of_o a_o emperor_n in_o a_o dream_n ibid._n dream_n ibid._n but_o the_o roman_a valour_n and_o discipline_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n restore_v by_o severus_n beside_o a_o famous_a victory_n over_o the_o parthian_n the_o old_a enemy_n of_o rome_n he_o subdue_v the_o great_a part_n of_o peâ—sia_n and_o arabia_n and_o march_v into_o this_o island_n britain_n deliver_v the_o poor_a native_n from_o the_o miserable_a tyranny_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n which_o a_o excellent_a historian_n severe_a historian_n aeâ—â—us_fw-la spartia_n in_o severe_a call_v the_o great_a honour_n of_o his_o reign_n antoninus_n caracalla_n have_v as_o much_o of_o a_o martial_a spirit_n in_o he_o as_o his_o father_n but_o die_v before_o he_o can_v design_v any_o thing_n memorable_a except_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o parthian_n which_o he_o have_v just_o undertake_v opilius_n macrinus_n and_o his_o son_n diadumen_n have_v make_v very_o little_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n when_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o without_o much_o disturbance_n to_o make_v room_n for_o heliogabalus_n son_n of_o the_o late_a emperor_n if_o he_o be_v extreme_o pernicious_a to_o the_o empire_n by_o his_o extravagant_a debauchery_n his_o successor_n alexander_n severus_n be_v as_o serviceable_a to_o the_o state_n in_o restore_a justice_n and_o discipline_n his_o noble_a exploit_n be_v a_o expedition_n against_o the_o persian_n in_o which_o he_o overcome_v their_o famous_a king_n xerxes_n 8._o xerxes_n eutrop._n lib._n 8._o maximin_n the_o first_o that_o from_o a_o common_a soldier_n aspire_v to_o the_o empire_n be_v soon_o take_v off_o by_o puplenus_n and_o he_o with_o his_o colleague_n balbinus_n quick_o follow_v leave_v the_o supreme_a command_n to_o gordian_a a_o prince_n of_o great_a valour_n and_o fortune_n and_o who_o may_v probable_o have_v extinguish_v the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o persian_n gordian_a persian_n pompon_n laetus_n in_o gordian_a have_v he_o not_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o philip_n who_o within_o a_o very_a little_a time_n suffer_v the_o like_a fortune_n himself_o decius_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v be_v very_o successful_a against_o the_o scythians_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n but_o be_v at_o last_o kill_v together_o with_o his_o son_n in_o a_o unfortunate_a engagement_n decio_n engagement_n idem_fw-la in_o decio_n but_o then_o gallus_n not_o only_o strike_v up_o a_o shameful_a league_n with_o the_o barbarian_n but_o suffer_v they_o to_o overrun_v all_o tâ—â—ace_n thessaly_n macedon_n greece_n gallo_n greece_n idem_fw-la in_o gallo_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v just_a threaten_a italy_n when_o his_o successor_n aemylian_a chase_v they_o off_o with_o a_o prodigious_a slaughter_n and_o upon_o his_o promotion_n to_o the_o empire_n promise_v the_o senate_n to_o recover_v all_o the_o roman_a territory_n that_o have_v be_v entire_o lose_v and_o to_o clear_v those_o that_o be_v overrun_v ibid._n overrun_v idem_fw-la ibid._n but_o he_o be_v prevent_v after_o three_o month_n reign_n by_o the_o common_a fate_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o that_o time_n after_o he_o valerian_n be_v so_o unfortunate_a as_o to_o lose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n in_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o persian_n and_o to_o be_v keep_v prisoner_n himself_o in_o that_o country_n till_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n valeriano_n death_n idem_fw-la in_o valeriano_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o valerian_n by_o the_o persian_n the_o management_n of_o affair_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o son_n gallienus_n a_o prince_n so_o extreme_o negligent_a and_o vicious_a as_o to_o become_v the_o equal_a scorn_n and_o contempt_n of_o both_o sex_n tyrant_n sex_n frebell_n pollio_n in_o tripinia_n tyrant_n the_o looseness_n of_o his_o government_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o thirty_o tyrant_n of_o who_o some_o indeed_o true_o deserve_v that_o name_n other_o be_v person_n of_o greaâ—_n courage_n and_o virtue_n and_o very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n gallâ—â—â—_n commonwealth_n idem_fw-la in_o gallâ—â—â—_n in_o his_o time_n the_o almaign_n after_o they_o have_v waste_v alâ—_n gaul_n break_v into_o italy_n dacia_n which_o have_v be_v gain_v by_o trajan_n be_v entire_o lose_v all_o greece_n macedon_n pontus_n and_o asia_n overrun_v by_o the_o goth_n the_o german_n too_o have_v proceed_v as_o far_o as_o spain_n and_o take_v the_o famous_a city_n taâ—raco_n now_o tarragona_n in_o cattalonia_n 9_o cattalonia_n eâ—trep_n lib._n 9_o this_o desperate_a state_n of_o affair_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n redress_v by_o the_o happy_a conduct_n of_o claudius_n who_o in_o less_o than_o two_o year_n time_n rout_v near_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o barbarian_n and_o put_v a_o entire_a end_n to_o the_o gothick_n war_n nor_o be_v his_o other_o accomplishment_n inferior_a to_o his_o valour_n a_o elegant_a historian_n claudâ—â—_n historian_n treble_a pollio_n in_o claudâ—â—_n have_v sound_n in_o he_o the_o virtue_n of_o trajan_n the_o piety_n of_o antoninus_n and_o the_o moderation_n of_o augustus_n quintilius_n be_v in_o all_o respect_v comparable_a to_o his_o brother_n who_o he_o succeed_v not_o on_o account_n of_o his_o relation_n but_o his_o merit_n ibid._n merit_n ibid._n but_o reign_v only_o seventeen_o day_n it_o be_v impossible_a he_o can_v do_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o raise_v a_o expectation_n in_o the_o world_n if_o any_o of_o the_o barbarian_n be_v leave_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o claudius_n aurelian_a entire_o chase_v they_o out_o in_o one_o single_a war_n he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v kill_v a_o thousand_o of_o the_o sarmatian_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n anreliâ—â—â—_n hand_n flavius_z vopisc_n in_o
valentinian_n soon_o after_o compel_v his_o widow_n eudoxia_n to_o accept_v of_o he_o as_o a_o husband_n when_o the_o empress_n entertain_v a_o mortaâ—_n hatred_n for_o he_o on_o many_o account_n send_v to_o genseric_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n and_o a_o confederate_a of_o the_o late_a emperor_n desire_v his_o assistance_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o herself_o and_o the_o city_n from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o tyrant_n genseric_n easy_o obey_v and_o land_v with_o a_o prodigious_a army_n in_o italy_n enter_v rome_n without_o any_o opposition_n where_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o seize_v on_o all_o the_o wealth_n and_o carry_v it_o with_o several_z thousand_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o africa_n 7._o africa_n paul_n diacoâ—_n &_o evagrius_n hist_n eccles_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 7._o avitus_n the_o general_n in_o gaul_n be_v the_o next_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n which_o he_o resign_v within_o eight_o month_n ibid._n month_n â—d_a ibid._n majorianus_n succeed_v and_o after_o three_o year_n leave_v the_o honour_n to_o severus_n or_o severian_n who_o have_v the_o happiness_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v to_o die_v a_o natural_a death_n 16._o death_n paul_n diacon_n lib._n 16._o after_o he_o anthemius_n be_v elect_v emperor_n who_o lose_v his_o life_n and_o dignity_n in_o a_o rebellion_n of_o his_o son-in-law_n ricimer_n ibid._n ricimer_n ibid._n and_o then_o olybrius_n be_v send_v from_o constantinople_n too_o with_o the_o same_o authority_n but_o die_v within_o seven_o month_n ibid._n month_n ibid._n liarius_n or_o glycerius_n who_o have_v be_v elect_v in_o his_o room_n by_o the_o soldier_n be_v immediate_o almost_o depose_v by_o nepos_n and_o he_o himself_o quick_o after_o by_o orestes_n success_n orestes_n jâ—â—â—andes_fw-fr de_fw-fr regn_n success_n who_o make_v his_o son_n augustus_n or_o augustulus_n emperor_n and_o now_o odoacer_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n ravage_v all_o italy_n approach_v to_o rome_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n without_o any_o resistance_n and_o depose_v augustulus_n fecure_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n to_o himself_o and_o though_o he_o be_v force_v afterward_o to_o give_v place_n to_o theodoric_n the_o goth_n yet_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o after_o the_o least_o command_n in_o italy_n roma_fw-it antiqua_fw-la 1._o t._n jovis_n capitolinus_n 2._o t._n vestae_fw-la 3._o t._n pacis_fw-la 4._o t._n romae_fw-la 5._o t._n faustinae_n 6._o t._n saturni_n 7._o t._n jovis_fw-la statoris_fw-la 8._o ar._n sâ—â—â—ri_fw-la boarij_fw-la 9_o seâ—â—â—â—â—nâ—â—i_fw-la sâ—uâ—ri_fw-la 10._o insula_fw-la tiberina_n oâ—im_fw-la jovis_fw-la iâ—caonij_fw-la 11._o t._n fortunae_n virilis_n 12._o p._n portumni_fw-la 13._o alâ—ta_fw-la sudans_fw-la 14._o arcus_n domiâ—iani_n 15._o arcus_n gordiani_n 16._o aâ—marci_n â—t_z very_fw-la 17._o there_o alaâ—â—â—â—_n 18._o thou_z neâ—â—â—â—â—_n 19_o toriâ—_n at_o t._n 〈◊〉_d 20._o curia_fw-la hoâ—â—â—_n 21._o basilica_n alâ—â—â—_n 22._o basil_n aâ—â—â—â—â—_n 23._o pons_n jaâ—â—â—â—â—_n 24._o pons_n palâ—â—â—_n 25._o basil_n augâ—â—â—_n 26._o t._n nâ—rt_n 〈◊〉_d 27._o basil_n al._n sâ—â—â—_n 28._o pal._n august_n part_n 2._o book_n i._o of_o the_o city_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o pomoerium_fw-la and_o of_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o city_n according_a to_o the_o seven_o hill_n before_o we_o come_v to_o please_v ourselves_o with_o a_o particular_a view_n of_o the_o city_n we_o must_v by_o all_o mean_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o pomoerium_fw-la for_o the_o singularity_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v its_o original_a livy_n define_v the_o pomoerium_fw-la in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o space_n of_o ground_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o wall_n which_o the_o augur_n at_o the_o first_o building_n of_o city_n solemn_o consecrate_v and_o on_o which_o no_o edifice_n be_v suffer_v to_o be_v raise_v 1._o raise_v livy_n lib._n 1._o but_o the_o account_n which_o plutarch_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o reference_n to_o rome_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v our_o curiosity_n and_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o to_o this_o purpose_n romulus_n have_v send_v for_o some_o of_o the_o tuscan_n to_o instruct_v he_o in_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o his_o new_a city_n the_o work_n be_v begin_v in_o this_o manner_n first_o they_o dig_v a_o trench_n and_o throw_v into_o it_o the_o first-fruit_n of_o all_o thing_n either_o good_a by_o custom_n or_o necessary_a by_o nature_n and_o every_o man_n take_v a_o small_a turf_n of_o earth_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v they_o all_o cast_v they_o in_o promiscuous_o together_o make_v this_o trench_n their_o centre_n they_o describe_v the_o city_n in_o a_o cirdâ—_n round_o it_o then_o the_o founder_n sit_v to_o a_o plough_n a_o brazen_a ploughshare_n and_o yoke_a together_o a_o bull_n and_o a_o cow_n draw_v a_o deâ—â—_n line_n or_o furrow_n round_o the_o bound_n those_o that_o follow_v after_o taâ—king_v care_n that_o all_o the_o clod_n fall_v inward_o towards_o the_o city_n theâ—â—_n build_v the_o wall_n upon_o this_o line_n which_o they_o call_v pomoerium_fw-la froâ—â—_n ponâ—_n moenia_fw-la romul_n moenia_fw-la plutatch_n in_o romul_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o the_o same_o ceremony_n with_o which_o thâ—_n foundation_n of_o their_o city_n be_v at_o first_o lay_v they_o use_v too_o in_o destroy_v and_o rase_v place_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n which_o we_o finâ—_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o chief_a commander_n turn_v up_o some_o of_o thâ—â—_n wall_n with_o a_o plough_n 3._o plough_n dempster_n paralipom_n to_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o as_o to_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o city_n we_o must_v follow_v thâ—â—_n common_a direction_n of_o the_o seven_o hill_n whence_o come_v the_o phrase_n of_o vrbs_fw-la septicollis_fw-la and_o the_o like_a so_o frequent_a with_o the_o poet_n of_o these_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n have_v ever_o have_v the_o preference_n whether_o so_o call_v from_o the_o people_n palantes_fw-la or_o palatini_n or_o from_o thâ—_n bleat_v and_o stroll_a of_o cattle_n in_o latin_a balare_fw-la and_o palare_fw-la 〈◊〉_d from_o pale_n the_o pastoral_a goddess_n or_o from_o the_o burying-place_n 〈◊〉_d pallas_n we_o find_v dispute_v and_o undetermined_a among_o their_o author_n it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n that_o romulus_n lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o cinâ—â—_n in_o a_o quadrangular_a form_n and_o here_o the_o same_o king_n and_o tullâ—â—_n hostilius_n keep_v their_o court_n as_o do_v afterward_o augustus_n and_o aâ—â—_n the_o succeed_a emperor_n on_o which_o account_n the_o word_n palatium_n come_v to_o signify_v a_o royal_a seat_n 4._o seat_n râ—sin_n antiq._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o this_o hill_n to_o the_o east_n have_v mons_fw-la coelius_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la avertinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la capitolinus_n to_o the_o north_n the_o forum_n 3_o forum_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3_o in_o compass_v twelve_o hundred_o pace_n 1._o pace_n marlian_n topograph_n antiqâ—_n roma_fw-it lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la tarpeius_n take_v its_o name_n from_o tarpeia_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o betray_v the_o city_n to_o the_o sabine_n in_o this_o place_n remul_n place_n plutarch_n in_o remul_n it_o be_v call_v too_o mons_fw-la saturni_n and_o saturnius_n in_o honour_n of_o saturn_n who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v live_v here_o in_o his_o retirement_n and_o be_v ever_o repute_v the_o tutelar_a deity_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o city_n it_o have_v afterward_o the_o denomination_n of_o capitolinus_n from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n casual_o find_v here_o in_o dig_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o jupiter_n 55._o jupiter_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 55._o callâ—d_fw-la capitolium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o reason_n this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o titus_n tatius_n king_n of_o the_o sabine_n when_o have_v be_v first_o overcome_v in_o the_o field_n by_o romulus_n he_o and_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o incorporate_v with_o the_o roman_n dionysâ—â—â—â—_n roman_n dionysâ—â—â—â—_n it_o have_v to_o the_o east_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o south_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v seven_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n 1._o furlong_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o collis_n quirinalis_n be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o the_o temple_n of_o quirinus_n another_o name_n of_o romulus_n or_o more_o probable_o from_o the_o curetes_n a_o people_n that_o remove_v hither_o with_o tatius_n from_o cure_n a_o sabine_a city_n festus_n city_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n it_o afterward_o change_v its_o name_n to_o caballus_fw-la mons_fw-la caballi_fw-la and_o caballinus_n from_o the_o two_o marble_n horse_n with_o each_o a_o servant_n to_o hold_v he_o by_o the_o bridle_n which_o be_v set_v up_o here_o they_o be_v still_o stand_v and_o if_o the_o inscription_n
on_o the_o pilaster_n be_v true_a be_v the_o work_n of_o phidias_n and_o praxiteles_n 3._o praxiteles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o this_o hill_n be_v add_v to_o the_o city_n by_o numa_n 2._o numa_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 2._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v mons_fw-la esquilinus_n and_o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la to_o the_o south_n the_o forum_n of_o caesar_n and_o nerva_n to_o the_o west_n the_o level_a part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la and_o the_o campus_n martius_n 3._o martius_n fabricis_fw-la roma_fw-la cap._n 3._o in_o compass_v almost_o three_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la coelius_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o coelius_n or_o coele_n a_o famous_a tuscan_a general_n who_o pitch_v his_o tent_n here_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o romulus_n against_o the_o sabine_n 4._o sabine_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o livy_n 30._o livy_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 30._o and_o dionysius_n 3._o dionysius_n lib._n 3._o attribute_v the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_z tullus_z hostilius_n but_o strabo_n 5._o strabo_n geograph_n lib._n 5._o to_o ancus_n martius_n the_o other_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v sometime_o know_v be_v querculanus_n or_o quercetulanus_n and_o augustus_n the_o first_o occasion_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o oak_n grow_v there_o the_o other_o impose_v by_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n when_o he_o have_v raise_v new_a building_n upon_o it_o after_o a_o fire_n 48._o fire_n tacit._n ann._n 4._o suet._n in_o tib._n cap._n 48._o one_o part_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v call_v coeliolus_n and_o minor_a coelius_n 3._o coelius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city-wall_n to_o the_o south_n mons_fw-la aventinus_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la esquilinus_n ibid._n esquilinus_n ibid._n in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la esquilinus_n be_v ancient_o call_v cispius_n and_o opius_n 3._o opius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o the_o name_n of_o esquilinus_n be_v vary_v for_o the_o easy_a pronounciation_n from_o exquilinus_n a_o corruption_n of_o excubinus_n ab_fw-la excubiis_fw-la from_o the_o watch_n that_o romulus_n keep_v here_o 8._o here_o vid._n propert._n lib._n 2._o eleg._n 8._o it_o be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 44._o tullius_n liv._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 44._o who_o have_v here_o his_o royal_a seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n varro_z will_v have_v the_o esquiliae_n to_o be_v proper_o two_o mountain_n 4._o mountain_n de_fw-fr ling._n latin_n lib._n 4._o which_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o approve_v of_o by_o a_o curious_a observer_n 1._o observer_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o via_fw-la labicana_n to_o the_o west_n the_o valley_n lie_v between_o mons_fw-la coelius_n and_o mons_fw-la palatinus_n to_o the_o north_n collis_n viminalis_fw-la 3._o viminalis_fw-la fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o four_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la viminalis_fw-la derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vimina_fw-la the_o vimina_fw-la osier_n that_o grow_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n this_o hill_n be_v take_v in_o by_o servius_n tullius_n 4._o tullius_n diony_n lib._n 4._o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n esquilinus_n and_o to_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o suburra_n and_o the_o forum_n to_o the_o west_n mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vallis_n quirinalis_n 3._o quirinalis_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n two_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a 1._o half_a marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aventinus_n have_v give_v great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n among_o the_o critic_n some_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o aventinus_n a_o alban_n king_n 4._o king_n varro_n de_fw-fr ling._n lat._n lib._n 4._o some_o from_o the_o river_n aven_n ibid._n aven_n ibid._n and_o other_o ab_fw-la avibus_fw-la from_o the_o bird_n which_o use_v to_o fly_v hither_o in_o great_a flock_n from_o the_o tiber_n ibid._n tiber_n ibid._n it_o be_v call_v too_o murcius_n from_o murcia_n the_o goddess_n of_o sleep_n who_o have_v here_o a_o sacellum_fw-la or_o little_a temple_n festus_n temple_n sext._n pomp._n festus_n collis_n dianae_n from_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n martial_a diana_n martial_a and_o remonius_a from_o remus_n who_o will_v have_v have_v the_o city_n begin_v in_o this_o place_n and_o be_v here_o bury_v romal_n bury_v plutarch_n in_o romal_n a._n gellius_n affirm_v 14._o affirm_v lib._n 13._o cap._n 14._o that_o this_o hill_n be_v all_o along_o repute_v sacred_a be_v never_o enclose_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n till_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n but_o eutropius_n 1._o eutropius_n lib._n 1._o express_o attribute_n the_o take_n of_o it_o in_o to_o ancus_n maritius_n and_o a_o old_a epigram_n insert_v by_o caspinian_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o cassiodorus_n confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o city_n wall_n to_o the_o south_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n to_o the_o west_n the_o tiber_n to_o the_o north_n mons_fw-la palatinus_n 3._o palatinus_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o circuit_n eighteen_o stadia_fw-la or_o two_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n 1._o quarter_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1._o beside_o these_o seven_o principal_a hill_n three_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n be_v take_v in_o in_o late_a time_n collis_n hortulorum_fw-la or_o hortorum_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a garden_n of_o sallust_n adjoin_v to_o it_o 11._o it_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v pincius_n from_o the_o pincii_n a_o noble_a family_n who_o have_v here_o their_o seat_n ibid._n seat_n ibid._n the_o emperor_n aurelian_a first_o enclose_v it_o within_o the_o city_n wall_n ibid._n wall_n ibid._n to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o plain_a part_n of_o mons_fw-la quirinalis_n to_o the_o west_n the_o vallis_n martia_n to_o the_o north_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n 3._o city_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o in_o compass_n about_o eighteen_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_a lib_n 1._o câ—p_n 1._o janiculum_n or_o janicularis_fw-la be_v so_o call_v either_o from_o a_o old_a town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o janus_n or_o because_o janus_n dwell_v and_o be_v bury_v here_o 11._o here_o rosin_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o or_o because_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o janua_n of_o janua_n gate_n to_o the_o roman_n whence_o they_o issue_v out_o upon_o the_o tuscan_n festus_n tuscan_n festus_n the_o sparkle_v sand_n have_v at_o present_a give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o mons_fw-la aureus_fw-la and_o by_o corruption_n montorius_n 3._o montorius_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o we_o may_v make_v two_o observation_n about_o this_o hill_n from_o one_o epigram_n of_o martial_a that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a place_n to_o take_v once_o stand_v for_o a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o it_o be_v less_o inhabit_v than_o the_o other_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o air_n 64._o air_n marlial_a epig._n lib._n 4._o ep._n 64._o it_o be_v still_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o numa_n and_o statius_n the_o poet_n 3._o poet_n fabricii_n rom._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 3._o to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n it_o have_v the_o tiber_n to_o the_o west_n the_o field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o vatican_n ibid._n vatican_n ibid._n in_o circuit_n as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o stand_v within_o the_o city_n wall_n five_o stadia_fw-la 1._o stadia_fw-la marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o mons_fw-la vaticanus_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o vates_fw-la or_o prophet_n that_o use_v to_o be_v give_v here_o or_o from_o the_o god_n vaticanus_n or_o vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d vagitanus_n 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v enclose_v within_o the_o wall_n till_o the_o time_n of_o aurelian_a this_o hill_n be_v former_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n some_o remain_v of_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v 2._o see_v warcup_n hist_n of_o italy_n book_n 2._o but_o it_o be_v more_o celebrate_v at_o present_a on_o the_o account_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n the_o pope_n palace_n and_o the_o noble_a library_n in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o campus_n vatioanus_n and_o the_o river_n to_o the_o south_n the_o janiculum_n to_o the_o west_n the_o campus_n figulinus_n or_o potter_n field_n to_o the_o north_n the_o prata_n quintia_n 3._o quintia_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 3._o it_o lie_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o bow_n draw_v up_o very_o high_a the_o convex_a part_n stretch_v almost_o a_o mile_n 1._o mile_n marlian_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n the_o great_a we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v in_o the_o
reign_n of_o valerian_n who_o enlarge_v the_o wall_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o surround_v the_o space_n of_o fifty_o mile_n aâ—râ—â—tano_n mile_n vopâ—sâ—â—_n in_o aâ—râ—â—tano_n the_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o its_o flourish_a state_n lipsius_n compute_v at_o four_o million_o roman_n million_o de_fw-fr magnitud_n roman_n at_o present_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n be_v not_o above_o thirteen_o miles_n 2._o miles_n fabricii_n roma_n cap._n 2._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o city_n into_o tribe_n and_o region_n and_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o bridges_n romulus_n divide_v his_o little_a city_n into_o three_o tribe_n and_o servius_n tullius_n add_v a_o four_o which_o division_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n it_o be_v he_o first_o appoint_v the_o fourteen_o region_n or_o ward_n a_o account_n of_o which_o with_o the_o number_n of_o temple_n bath_n etc._n etc._n in_o every_o region_n may_v be_v thus_o take_v from_o the_o accurate_a panvinius_n region_n i._o porta_fw-la capena_n street_n 9_o luci_n 3_o temple_n 4._o aedes_fw-la 6._o public_a bath_n 6._o arch_n 4._o barn_n 14._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 121._o the_o whole_a compass_n 13223_o foot_n region_n ii_o coelimontium_fw-la street_n 12._o luci_n 2._o temple_n 5._o the_o public_a bath_n of_o the_o city_n private_a bath_n so._n the_o great_a shambles_n barn_n 23._o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 133._o the_o compass_n 13200_o foot_n region_n iii_o isis_n and_o serapis_n street_n 8._o temple_n 2._o the_o amphitheatre_n of_o vespasian_n the_o bath_n of_o titus_n trajan_n and_o philip._n barn_n 29_o or_o 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 160._o the_o compass_n 12450_o foot_n region_n iu_o via_fw-la sacra_fw-la or_o templum_fw-la pacis_fw-la street_n 8._o temple_n 10._o the_o colossus_n of_o the_o sun_n 120_o foot_n high_a the_o arch_n of_o titus_n severus_n and_o constantine_n private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 24._o great_a house_n 138._o the_o compass_n 14000_o or_o as_o some_o say_v only_o 8000_o foot_n region_n v._o esqvilina_n street_n 15._o luci_n 8._o temple_n 6._o aedes_fw-la 5._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 23._o mill_n 22._o great_a house_n 180._o the_o compass_n 15950_o foot_n region_n vi_o acta_fw-la semita_fw-la street_n 12_o or_o 13._o temple_n 15._o portico_n 2._o circi_fw-la 2._o fora_n 2._o private_a bath_n 75._o barn_n 19_o mill_n 23._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 15600_o foot_n region_n vii_o via_fw-la lata_fw-la street_n 40._o temple_n 4._o private_a bath_n 75._o arch_n 3._o mill_n 17._o barn_n 25._o great_a house_n 120._o the_o compass_n 23700_o foot_n region_n viii_o forum_n romanum_fw-la street_n 12._o temple_n 21._o private_a bath_n 66._o aedes_fw-la 10._o portico_n 9_o arch_n 4._o fora_n 7._o curiae_fw-la 4._o basilicae_fw-la 7._o column_n 6._o barn_n 18._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 14867_o foot_n region_n ix_o circus_n flaminius_n street_n 30._o temple_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 20._o portico_n 12._o circi_fw-la 2._o theatre_n 4._o basilicae_fw-la 3_o curiae_fw-la 2._o thermae_n 5._o arch_n 2._o column_n 2._o mill_n 32._o barn_n 32._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 30560_o foot_n region_n x._o palatium_fw-la street_n 7._o temple_n 10._o aedes_fw-la 9_o theatre_n 1._o curiae_fw-la 4._o private_a bath_n 15._o mill_n 12._o barn_n 16._o great_a house_n 109._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xi_o circus_n maximus_n street_n 8._o aedes_fw-la 22._o private_a bath_n 15._o barn_n 16._o mill_n 12._o great_a house_n 189._o the_o compass_n 11600_o foot_n region_n xii_o piscina_fw-la publica_fw-la street_n 12._o aedes_fw-la 2._o private_a bath_n 68_o barn_n 28._o mill_n 25._o great_a house_n 128._o the_o compass_n 12000_o foot_n region_n xiii_o aventinus_n street_n 17._o luci_n 6._o temple_n 6._o private_a bath_n 74._o barn_n 36._o mill_n 30._o great_a house_n 155._o the_o compass_n 16300_o foot_n region_n fourteen_o transtiberina_fw-la street_n 23._o aedes_fw-la 6._o private_a bath_n 136._o barn_n 22._o mill_n 32._o great_a house_n 150._o the_o compass_n 33409_o foot_n as_o to_o the_o gate_n romulus_n build_v only_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o four_o at_o most_o but_o as_o building_n be_v enlarge_v the_o gate_n be_v according_o multiply_v so_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v thirty_o four_o in_o his_o time_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v porta_n flumentana_n so_o call_v because_o if_o stand_v near_o the_o river_n porta_n flaminâ—a_o owe_v its_o name_n to_o the_o flaminian_a way_n which_o begin_v there_o porta_n carmentalis_n build_v by_o romulus_n and_o so_o call_v from_o carmenta_n the_o prophetess_n mother_n of_o evander_n porta_n naevia_n which_o varro_n derive_v à _fw-la nemoribus_fw-la from_o the_o wood_n which_o former_o stand_v near_o it_o porta_n saliana_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o salt_n which_o the_o sabine_n use_v to_o bring_v in_o at_o that_o gate_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o city_n porta_n capena_n call_v so_o from_o capena_n a_o old_a city_n of_o italy_n to_o which_o the_o way_n lay_v through_o this_o gate_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v appia_n from_o appius_n the_o censor_n and_o triumphalis_fw-la from_o the_o triumph_n in_o which_o the_o procession_n common_o pass_v under_o here_o and_o fontinalis_n from_o the_o aqueduct_n which_o be_v raise_v over_o it_o whence_o juvenal_n call_v it_o madida_fw-la capena_n and_o martial_a capena_n grandi_fw-la porta_n quae_fw-la pluit_fw-la guttâ_fw-la the_o tiber_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o eight_o bridge_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o set_v down_o by_o marlian_n milvius_n aelius_n vaticanus_n janiculensis_n cestius_n fabricius_n palatinus_n and_o sublicius_fw-la chap._n iii_o of_o the_o place_n of_o worship_n particular_o of_o the_o temple_n and_o luci._n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o make_v a_o short_a observation_n about_o the_o general_a name_n under_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o author_n templum_fw-la then_o be_v a_o place_n which_o have_v not_o be_v only_o dedicate_v to_o some_o deity_n but_o withal_o formal_o consecrate_v by_o the_o augur_n aedes_fw-la sacrâ—_n be_v such_o as_o want_v that_o consecration_n which_o if_o they_o afterward_o receive_v they_o change_v their_o name_n to_o temple_n delubrum_fw-la according_a to_o servius_n be_v a_o place_n that_o under_o one_o roof_n comprehend_v several_a deity_n aelicula_n be_v only_o a_o diminutive_a and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o little_a aedes_fw-la sacellum_fw-la may_v be_v derive_v the_o same_o way_n from_o aedes_fw-la sacra_fw-la festus_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o place_n sacred_a to_o the_o god_n without_o a_o roof_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o reckon_v up_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n the_o most_o celebrate_a on_o all_o account_n be_v the_o capitel_a and_o the_o pantheon_n capitolium_fw-la templ_n pantheon_n vulgo_fw-la rotunda_n the_o capitol_n or_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o vow_n make_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o the_o sabine_a war_n 1._o war_n liv._o lib._n 1._o but_o he_o have_v scarce_o lay_v the_o foundation_n before_o his_o death_n his_o nephew_n tarquin_n the_o proud_a finish_v it_o with_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n ibid._n nation_n ibid._n but_o upon_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n the_o consecration_n be_v perform_v by_o horatius_n the_o consul_n poplicol_n consul_n plutarch_n in_o poplicol_n the_o structure_n stand_v on_o a_o high_a ridge_n take_v in_o four_o acre_n of_o ground_n the_o front_n be_v adorn_v with_o three_o row_v of_o of_o pillar_n the_o other_o side_n with_o two_o halicar_n two_o diony_n halicar_n the_o ascent_n from_o the_o ground_n be_v by_o a_o hundred_o step_n tacitus_n step_n tacitus_n the_o prodigious_a gift_n and_o ornament_n with_o which_o it_o be_v at_o several_a time_n endow_v almost_o exceed_v belief_n suetonius_n 30._o suetonius_n in_o august_n cap._n 30._o tell_v we_o that_o augustus_n give_v at_o one_o time_n two_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o sesterce_n livy_n and_o pliny_n etc._n pliny_n liv._o lib._n 10_o 35_o 38._o plmy_a lib._n 33_o etc._n etc._n surprise_v we_o with_o account_n of_o the_o brazen_a threshold_n the_o noble_a pillar_n that_o sylla_n remove_v hither_o from_o athens_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n the_o gild_a roof_n the_o gild_a shield_n and_o those_o of_o solid_a silver_n the_o huge_a vessel_n of_o silver_n hold_v three_o measure_n the_o golden_a chariot_n etc._n etc._n this_o temple_n be_v first_o consume_v by_o sire_n in_o the_o marian_n war_n and_o then_o rebuilt_a by_o sylla_n who_o die_v before_o the_o dedication_n leave_v that_o honour_n to_o quintus_fw-la catulus_n this_o
derive_v their_o name_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hunger_n but_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v but_o a_o trifle_a fancy_n for_o we_o may_v as_o well_o derive_v potitii_n from_o potiri_fw-la because_o they_o enjoy_v the_o entrail_n as_o pinarii_fw-la from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o want_v they_o we_o meet_v with_o something_o very_o remarkable_a of_o the_o potitii_fw-la in_o livy_n g._n livy_n lib._n g._n and_o valerius_n maximus_n 1._o maximus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o that_o when_o upon_o application_n make_v to_o appius_n claudius_n the_o censor_n they_o get_v leave_v to_o have_v their_o hereditary_a ministry_n discharge_v by_o servant_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a family_n be_v entire_o extinct_a though_o no_o less_o than_o thirty_o of_o they_o be_v lusty_a young_a men._n and_o appius_n claudius_n lose_v his_o eye_n as_o a_o judgement_n for_o his_o part_n in_o the_o offence_n acca_n laurentia_n romulus_n his_o nurse_n have_v a_o custom_n once_o a_o year_n to_o make_v a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n for_o a_o blessing_n upon_o the_o field_n her_o twelve_o son_n assist_v she_o always_o in_o the_o solemnity_n at_o last_o she_o have_v the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o lose_v one_o of_o her_o son_n when_o romulus_n to_o show_v his_o gratitude_n and_o respect_n offer_v himself_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o number_n in_o his_o room_n and_o give_v the_o company_n the_o name_n of_o fratres_n arvales_n this_o order_n be_v in_o great_a repute_n at_o rome_n they_o hold_v the_o dignity_n always_o for_o their_o life_n and_o never_o lose_v it_o upon_o account_n of_o imprisonment_n banishment_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n 2._o accident_n plin._n lib._n 17._o cap._n 2._o they_o wear_v on_o their_o head_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solemnity_n crown_v make_v of_o ear_n of_o corn_n upon_o a_o tradition_n that_o laurentia_n at_o first_o present_v romulus_n with_o such_o a_o one_o saâ—â—delus_n one_o pompon_n laâ—uâ—_n de_fw-fr saâ—â—delus_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o boundary_n and_o the_o division_n of_o land_n and_o to_o decide_v all_o controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v about_o they_o other_o make_v a_o different_a order_n institute_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o call_v sodales_fw-la arvales_fw-la on_o the_o same_o account_n as_o the_o fratres_n arvales_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o augur_n augury_n etc._n etc._n the_o invention_n of_o soothsay_v be_v general_o attribute_v to_o the_o chaldean_n from_o they_o the_o art_n pass_v to_o the_o grecian_n the_o grecian_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o they_o to_o the_o latin_n and_o the_o roman_n the_o name_n of_o the_o augur_n be_v derive_v by_o some_o ab_fw-la avium_fw-la gestu_fw-la by_o other_o ab_fw-la avium_fw-la garritu_fw-la either_o from_o the_o motion_n and_o action_n or_o from_o the_o chirp_n and_o chatter_v of_o bird_n romulus_n be_v himself_o a_o extraordinary_a proficient_a in_o this_o art_n rom._n art_n plutarch_n in_o rom._n and_o therefore_o as_o he_o divide_v his_o city_n into_o three_o tribe_n so_o he_o constitute_v three_o augur_n one_o for_o every_o tribe_n there_o be_v a_o four_o add_v some_o time_n after_o probable_o by_o servius_n tullius_n who_o increase_v the_o tribe_n to_o that_o number_n these_o four_o be_v all_o choose_a out_o of_o the_o patricii_fw-la or_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 454_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n with_o much_o difficulty_n procure_v a_o order_n that_o five_o person_n to_o be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o college_n 10._o college_n livy_n lib._n 10._o afterward_o sylla_n the_o dictator_n a._n v._o c._n 671._o make_v the_o number_n up_o fifteen_o 89._o fifteen_o florus_n epitome_n liv._o lib._n 89._o the_o elder_a of_o these_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o magister_fw-la collegii_fw-la 19_o collegii_fw-la alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 19_o their_o business_n be_v to_o interpret_v dream_n oracle_n prodigy_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o tell_v whether_o any_o action_n shall_v be_v fortunate_a or_o prejudicial_a to_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o to_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n upon_o this_o account_n they_o very_o often_o occasion_v the_o displace_n of_o magistrate_n the_o defer_v of_o public_a assembly_n etc._n etc._n when_o ever_o the_o omen_n prove_v unlucky_a there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o augury_n mention_v in_o author_n 1._o from_o the_o appearance_n in_o heaven_n as_o thunder_n lightning_z comet_n and_o other_o meteor_n as_o suppose_v of_o thunder_n whether_o it_o come_v from_o the_o right_n or_o the_o left_a the_o leave_v in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o observation_n be_v repute_v fortunate_a the_o right_a the_o contrary_a whether_o the_o number_n of_o stroke_n be_v even_o or_o odd_a etc._n etc._n only_o the_o master_n of_o the_o college_n can_v take_v this_o sort_n of_o augury_n 19_o augury_n alex_n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 19_o 2._o from_o bird_n whence_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o auspex_n of_o avis_fw-fr and_o conspicio_fw-la some_o bird_n furnish_v they_o with_o observation_n from_o their_o chatter_a or_o sing_v other_o from_o their_o fly_n the_o former_a they_o call_v oscines_fw-la the_o latter_a praepetes_fw-la of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v crow_n pie_n owl_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o other_o eagle_n vulture_n buzzard_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o take_n of_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o augury_n the_o observer_n stand_v upon_o a_o tower_n with_o his_o head_n cover_v in_o a_o gown_n peculiar_a to_o his_o office_n call_v â—â—â—na_fw-la and_o turn_v his_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n mark_v out_o the_o heaven_n into_o four_o templa_fw-la or_o quarter_n with_o his_o lituus_fw-la a_o short_a straight_a rod_n only_o a_o little_a turn_n in_o at_o one_o end_n this_o do_v he_o stay_v wait_v for_o the_o omen_n which_o never_o signify_v any_o thing_n unless_o confirm_v by_o another_o of_o the_o same_o sort_n 3._o from_o chicken_n keep_v in_o a_o coop_n or_o pen_n for_o this_o purpose_n the_o manner_n of_o divine_v from_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o augur_n that_o be_v to_o make_v the_o observation_n call_v from_o hence_o pullarius_n though_o perhaps_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o chicken_n have_v rather_o that_o name_n in_o the_o first_o place_n command_v a_o general_a silence_n order_v the_o pen_n to_o be_v open_v and_o throw_v down_o a_o handful_n of_o crumb_n or_o corn._n if_o the_o chicken_n do_v not_o immediate_o run_v flutter_v to_o the_o meat_n if_o they_o scatter_v it_o with_o their_o wing_n if_o they_o go_v by_o without_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o if_o they_o fly_v away_o the_o omen_n be_v reckon_v unfortunate_a and_o to_o portend_v nothing_o but_o danger_n or_o mischance_n but_o if_o they_o leap_v present_o out_o of_o the_o pen_n and_o fell_a to_o so_o greedy_o as_o to_o let_v some_o of_o their_o meat_n drop_v out_o of_o their_o mouth_n upon_o the_o pavement_n there_o be_v all_o the_o assurance_n in_o the_o world_n of_o happiness_n and_o success_n â—9_n success_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap_n â—9_n this_o augury_n be_v call_v tripudium_fw-la quasi_fw-la terripavium_a from_o strike_v the_o earth_n the_o old_a word_n pavire_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o ferire_fw-la we_o meet_v with_o tripudium_fw-la sollistimum_fw-la and_o tripudium_fw-la sonivium_n in_o festus_n both_o derive_v from_o the_o crumb_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n 4._o from_o beast_n these_o as_o rofinus_fw-la reckon_v they_o up_o be_v wolf_n fox_n goat_n heifer_n ass_n ram_n hare_n weasel_n and_o mouse_n the_o general_a observation_n about_o they_o be_v whether_o they_o appear_v in_o a_o strange_a place_n or_o cross_v the_o way_n or_o whether_o they_o run_v to_o the_o right_n or_o the_o left_a etc._n etc._n 5._o the_o last_o sort_n of_o divination_n be_v from_o what_o they_o call_v dirce_n or_o unusual_a accident_n to_o any_o person_n or_o place_n as_o sneeze_v stumble_v see_v apparition_n hear_v strange_a voice_n the_o fall_n of_o salt_n upon_o the_o table_n the_o spill_n of_o wine_n upon_o one_o clothes_n the_o meeting_n a_o wolf_n a_o fox_n a_o hare_n a_o bitch_n with_o puppy_n etc._n etc._n we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o any_o augur_n may_v take_v a_o observation_n yet_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o omen_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o whole_a college_n 29._o college_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 29._o cicero_n have_v sufficient_o expose_v these_o augury_n especial_o that_o about_o the_o chicken_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o divination_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o haruspice_n and_o pontifices_fw-la the_o haruspice_n have_v this_o name_n ab_fw-la aris_fw-la aspiciendis_fw-la from_o look_v upon_o the_o altar_n as_o ab_fw-la extis_fw-la inspiciendis_fw-la they_o be_v call_v extispices_fw-la they_o owe_v
their_o original_a to_o romulus_n who_o borrow_a the_o institution_n from_o the_o tuscan_n the_o tuscan_n receive_v it_o as_o the_o general_a tradition_n go_v from_o a_o boy_n that_o they_o plough_v up_o casual_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n who_o oblige_v they_o with_o a_o discovery_n of_o all_o the_o mystery_n belong_v to_o this_o art_n 2._o art_n cicero_n de_fw-fr divinat_fw-la lib._n 2._o at_o first_o only_o the_o native_n of_o tuscany_n exercise_v this_o office_n at_o rome_n and_o therefore_o the_o senate_n make_v a_o order_n that_o twelve_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o principal_a noblity_n shall_v be_v send_v into_o that_o country_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n of_o which_o this_o secret_n be_v a_o chief_a part_n 1._o part_n idem_fw-la de_fw-la divinat_fw-la lib._n 1._o the_o business_n of_o the_o haruspice_n be_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o beast_n offer_v in_o sacrifice_n and_o by_o they_o to_o divine_a the_o success_n of_o any_o enterprise_n they_o take_v their_o observation_n from_o four_o appearance_n 1._o from_o the_o beast_n before_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o 2._o from_o the_o entrail_n of_o those_o beast_n after_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o 3._o from_o the_o flame_n that_o use_v to_o rise_v when_o they_o be_v burn_v 4._o from_o the_o flower_n or_o bran_n from_o the_o frankincense_n wine_n and_o water_n that_o they_o use_v in_o the_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o beast_n before_o they_o be_v cut_v up_o they_o take_v notice_n whether_o they_o be_v force_v to_o be_v drag_v to_o the_o altar_n whether_o they_o get_v loose_a out_o of_o the_o leader_n hand_n whether_o they_o escape_v the_o the_o stroke_n or_o bound_v up_o and_o roar_v very_o loud_a when_o they_o receive_v it_o whether_o they_o die_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n all_o which_o with_o several_a other_o omen_n be_v count_v unfortunate_a or_o whether_o on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o follow_v the_o leader_n without_o compulsion_n receive_v the_o blow_n without_o struggle_v and_o resistance_n whether_o they_o die_v easy_o and_o send_v out_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n which_o give_v the_o like_a assurance_n of_o a_o prosperous_a event_n in_o the_o beast_n when_o cut_v up_o they_o observe_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o part_n and_o whether_o any_o be_v want_v a_o double_a liver_n be_v count_v high_o unfortunate_a a_o little_a or_o a_o lean_a heart_n be_v always_o unlucky_a if_o the_o heart_n be_v whole_o miss_v nothing_o can_v be_v think_v more_o fatal_a and_o dreadful_a as_o it_o happen_v in_o two_o ox_n together_o offer_v by_o julius_n caesar_n a_o little_a before_o his_o murder_n if_o the_o entrail_n fall_v out_o of_o the_o priest_n hand_n if_o they_o be_v daub_v more_o than_o ordinary_a with_o blood_n if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a livid_fw-la colour_n they_o portend_v sudden_a danger_n and_o ruin_n as_o to_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n it_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o good_a omen_n if_o it_o gather_v up_o violent_o and_o present_o consume_v the_o sacrifice_n if_o it_o be_v clear_a pure_a and_o transparent_a without_o any_o mixture_n of_o smoke_n and_o not_o discolour_a with_o red_a pale_a or_o black_a if_o it_o be_v quiet_a and_o calm_a not_o sparkle_v or_o crackle_v but_o run_v up_o direct_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pyramid_n on_o the_o contrary_a it_o always_o portend_v misfortune_n if_o at_o first_o it_o require_v much_o pain_n to_o light_v it_o if_o it_o do_v not_o burn_v upright_o but_o roll_v into_o circle_n and_o leave_v void_a space_n between_o they_o if_o it_o do_v not_o present_o catch_v hold_n on_o the_o whole_a sacrifice_n but_o creep_v up_o by_o degree_n from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o if_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v spread_v about_o by_o the_o wind_n or_o to_o be_v put_v out_o by_o sudden_a rain_n or_o to_o leave_v any_o part_n unconsume_v in_o the_o meal_n frankincense_n wine_n and_o water_n they_o be_v to_o observe_v whether_o they_o have_v their_o due_a quantity_n their_o proper_a taste_n colour_n and_o smell_v etc._n etc._n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a sign_n which_o supply_v they_o with_o conjecture_n too_o insignificant_a to_o be_v here_o mention_v most_o of_o these_o ill_a omen_n be_v hint_v at_o by_o virgil._n georg._n 3._o v._n 486._o saepe_fw-la in_o honore_fw-la deûm_fw-la medio_fw-la stans_fw-la â—osiia_fw-la ad_fw-la aram_fw-la lanea_fw-la dum_fw-la niveà _fw-la circumdatur_fw-la insula_fw-la vittâ_fw-la inter_fw-la cunctantes_fw-la cecidit_fw-la moribunda_fw-la ministros_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quam_fw-la ferro_fw-la mactaverat_fw-la ante_fw-la sacerdos_n ind_n neque_fw-la impositis_fw-la ardent_a altaria_fw-la fibris_fw-la nec_fw-la responsa_fw-la potest_fw-la consultus_fw-la reddere_fw-la vates_fw-la ac_fw-la vix_fw-la suppositi_fw-la tinguntur_fw-la sanguine_a cultri_fw-la summaque_fw-la jejunâ_fw-la sanie_fw-la infuscatur_fw-la arena_fw-la the_o victim_n ox_n that_o be_v for_o altar_n press_v trim_v with_o white_a ribbon_n and_o with_o garland_n dress_v sink_v of_o himself_o without_o the_o god_n command_n prevent_v the_o slow_a sacrificer_n hand_n or_o by_o the_o holy_a butcher_n if_o he_o fall_v the_o inspected_a entrail_n can_v no_o fate_n foretell_v nor_o lay_v on_o altar_n do_v pure_a flame_n arise_v but_o cloud_n of_o smoulder_a smoke_n forbid_v the_o sacrifice_n scarce_o the_o knife_n be_v redden_v with_o his_o gore_n or_o the_o black_a poison_n stain_v the_o sandy_a floor_n mr._n dryden_n there_o be_v but_o two_o account_n of_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la and_o both_o very_a uncertain_a either_o from_o pons_n and_o facere_fw-la because_o they_o first_o build_v the_o sublician_n bridge_n in_o rome_n and_o have_v the_o care_n of_o its_o repair_n or_o from_o posse_n and_o facere_fw-la where_fw-mi facere_fw-la must_v be_v interpret_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o as_o offer_v and_o sacrificare_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n and_o yet_o plutarch_n himself_o have_v call_v it_o absurd_a numa_n absurd_a in_o numa_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o they_o by_o numa_n the_o number_n be_v confine_v to_o four_o who_o be_v constant_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n till_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 454_o when_o five_o more_o be_v order_v to_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o augur_n receive_v the_o like_a addition_n and_o as_o the_o augur_n have_v a_o college_n so_o the_o pontifices_fw-la too_o be_v settle_v in_o such_o a_o body_n and_o as_o sylla_n afterward_o add_v seven_o augur_n so_o he_o add_v as_o many_o pontifices_fw-la to_o the_o college_n the_o first_o eight_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o pontifices_fw-la majores_fw-la the_o other_o of_o minores_fw-la the_o office_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la be_v to_o give_v judgement_n in_o all_o cause_n relate_v to_o religion_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o inferior_a priest_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o if_o they_o see_v occasion_n to_o prescribe_v rule_n for_o public_a worship_n to_o regulate_v the_o feast_n sacrifice_n and_o all_o other_o sacred_a institution_n tully_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o they_o for_o his_o house_n tell_v they_o that_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n the_o house_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o the_o very_a god_n themselves_o be_v all_o entrust_v to_o their_o care_n and_o depend_v whole_o on_o their_o wisdom_n and_o management_n the_o master_n of_o superintendent_n of_o the_o pontifices_fw-la be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o honourable_a officer_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n numâ—_n when_o he_o institute_v the_o order_n invest_v himself_o first_o with_o this_o dignity_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o though_o livy_n attribute_n it_o to_o another_o person_n of_o the_o same_o name_n festus_n his_o definition_n of_o this_o great_a priest_n be_v judex_n atque_fw-la arbiter_n rerum_fw-la humanarum_fw-la divinarumque_fw-la the_o judge_n and_o arbitrator_n of_o divine_a and_o humane_a affair_n upon_o this_o account_n all_o the_o emperor_n after_o the_o example_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o augustus_n either_o actual_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o office_n or_o at_o least_o use_v the_o name_n and_o even_o the_o christian_a emperor_n for_o some_o time_n retain_v this_o in_o the_o ordinary_a enumeration_n of_o their_o title_n till_o the_o time_n of_o gratian_n who_o as_o we_o learn_v from_o zozimus_n 4._o zozimus_n histor_n lib._n 4._o absolute_o refuse_v it_o polydore_v virgil_n 14._o virgil_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la invent._n lib._n 14._o cap._n 14._o do_v not_o question_n but_o this_o be_v a_o infallible_a omen_n of_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n under_o the_o same_o name_n of_o pontifex_n maximus_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o flamen_fw-la rex_fw-la sacrorum_fw-la salii_fw-la and_o feciales_n the_o name_n of_o the_o flamen_v be_v not_o much_o clear_a than_o the_o former_a plutarch_n make_v
the_o set_a time_n mark_v in_o the_o calendar_n for_o their_o observation_n feriae_fw-la conceptivae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o the_o magistrate_n or_o priest_n appoint_v annual_o to_o be_v celebrate_v upon_o what_o day_n they_o please_v feriae_fw-la imperativae_fw-la be_v such_o as_o the_o consul_n praetor_n or_o dictator_n institute_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n and_o command_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o solemn_a occasion_n as_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o victory_n and_o the_o like_a nundinae_fw-la be_v day_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o people_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o neighbour_a town_n to_o expose_v their_o commodity_n to_o sale_n the_o same_o as_o our_o great_a market_n or_o fair_n they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o nundinae_fw-la because_o they_o be_v keep_v every_o nine_o day_n as_o ovid_n inform_v we_o 54._o we_o fast_o 1._o v._n 54._o feriae_fw-la privatae_fw-la be_v holydays_o observe_v by_o particular_a person_n or_o family_n upon_o several_a account_n as_o birth-day_n funeral_n and_o the_o like_a thus_o much_o for_o the_o dies_fw-la festi_fw-la the_o profesti_fw-la be_v fasti_fw-la comitiales_n comperen_n dini_fw-la stati_fw-la and_o praeliares_n dies_fw-la fasti_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o our_o court-day_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o praetor_n to_o sit_v in_o judgement_n and_o consequent_o fari_fw-la tria_fw-la verba_fw-la to_o say_v the_o three_o solemn_a word_n do_v dico_fw-la addico_fw-la i_o give_v law_n declare_v right_o and_o adjudge_v loss_n all_o other_o day_n except_o the_o intercisi_fw-la be_v call_v nefasti_fw-la because_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o say_v those_o three_o word_n upon_o they_o but_o we_o may_v observe_v from_o a_o phrase_n of_o horace_n 13._o horace_n lib._n 2._o od._n 13._o that_o die_v nefastus_fw-la signify_v a_o unlucky_a day_n as_o well_o as_o a_o non-court-day_n die_v comitiales_n be_v such_o day_n as_o the_o comitia_fw-la or_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n be_v hold_v upon_o or_o as_o ovid_n style_v they_o quo_fw-la populum_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la includere_fw-la septis_fw-la 53._o septis_fw-la fast_o 1._o vers_fw-la 53._o days_n when_o the_o people_n be_v shut_v up_o to_o vote_n dies_fw-la comperendini_fw-la be_v day_n when_o person_n that_o have_v be_v sue_v may_v give_v bail_n dies_fw-la stati_fw-la be_v day_n appoint_v for_o the_o decision_n of_o any_o cause_n between_o a_o roman_a and_o a_o foreigner_n die_v praeliares_n be_v such_o day_n as_o they_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o engage_v in_o any_o action_n of_o hostility_n upon_o if_o we_o make_v a_o division_n of_o the_o roman_a day_n into_o fortunaâ—â—_n and_o unfortunate_a dies_fw-la postriduani_fw-la or_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o kalend_n nones_n or_o ides_n be_v always_o reckon_v of_o the_o latter_a sort_n and_o therefore_o have_v the_o name_n of_o dies_fw-la atri_fw-la a._n gellius_n give_v we_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o observation_n from_o verrius_n flaccus_n because_o they_o have_v take_v notice_n for_o several_a age_n that_o those_o day_n have_v prove_v unlucky_a to_o the_o state_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o battle_n town_n and_o other_o casualty_n 17._o casualty_n noâ—t_fw-la attiâ—_n lib._n 5._o cap_n 17._o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o the_o day_n before_o the_o four_o of_o the_o kalend_n nones_n or_o ides_n be_v always_o reckon_v unfortunate_a but_o he_o do_v not_o know_v for_o what_o reason_n unless_o that_o he_o find_v the_o great_a overthrow_n at_o gannae_n to_o have_v happen_v on_o such_o a_o day_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n the_o way_n that_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o reckon_v the_o day_n of_o their_o month_n be_v by_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o ides_n romulus_n begin_v his_o month_n always_o upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o this_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o other_o account_n to_o avoid_v the_o alter_n of_o the_o immovable_a feast_n therefore_o every_o new_a moon_n one_o of_o the_o inferior_a priest_n use_v to_o assemble_v the_o people_n in_o the_o capitol_n and_o call_v over_o as_o many_o day_n as_o there_o be_v between_o that_o and_o the_o nones_n and_o so_o from_o the_o old_a word_n calo_n or_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o call_v the_o first_o of_o these_o day_n have_v the_o name_n of_o kalendae_fw-la but_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o call_v the_o day_n continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 450_o when_o c._n flavius_n the_o curule_n aedile_z order_v the_o fasti_fw-la or_o calendar_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o public_a place_n that_o every_o body_n may_v know_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o the_o return_n of_o the_o festival_n 46._o festival_n livy_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 46._o the_o nones_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o reckon_v nine_o day_n from_o they_o to_o the_o ides_n the_o ides_n be_v general_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o month_n and_o then_o we_o may_v derive_v the_o word_n from_o iduare_n a_o obsolete_a verb_n signify_v to_o divide_v the_o kalend_n be_v always_o fix_v to_o the_o first_o day_n of_o every_o month_n but_o the_o nones_n and_o the_o ides_n in_o four_o month_n be_v on_o different_a day_n than_o in_o the_o other_o eight_o for_o march_v may_n july_n and_o october_n have_v six_o nones_n apiece_o the_o other_o only_o four_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o the_o nones_n be_v the_o seven_o and_o the_o ides_n the_o 15_o in_o the_o last_o the_o nones_n the_o 5_o and_o the_o ides_n the_o 13_o in_o reckon_v these_o they_o always_o go_v backward_o thus_o january_n 1._o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n december_n 31._o prid._n kal._n jan._n december_n 30._o the_o three_o kal._n jan._n and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o 13_o and_o that_o be_v idus_fw-la decembris_fw-la then_o the_o 12._o prid._n iduum_fw-la decemb._n the_o 11_o 3_o iduum_fw-la decemb._n and_o so_o to_o the_o five_o day_n and_o that_o be_v nonae_fw-la decemb._n and_o then_o again_o the_o four_o prid._n nonarum_fw-la decemb._n the_o three_o 3_o non._n decemb._n the_o second_o 4_o non._n decem._n and_o the_o first_o kalendae_fw-la decemb._n we_o must_v observe_v that_o when_o we_o meet_v with_o kalendas_fw-la nonas_fw-la or_o idus_fw-la in_o the_o accusative_a case_n the_o preposition_n ante_fw-la be_v always_o understand_v as_o tertio_fw-la kalendas_fw-la idus_fw-la or_o nonas_fw-la be_v the_o same_o as_o tertio_fw-la die_fw-la ante_fw-la kal._n non._n or_o idus_fw-la chap._n xii_o the_o most_o remarkable_a festival_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o calendar_n the_o kalend_n or_o the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n be_v note_v for_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o magistrate_n on_o their_o office_n and_o for_o the_o wish_v of_o good_a fortune_n and_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n etc._n friend_n ovid._n fast_o 1._o v._n 71_o etc._n etc._n february_n the_o 15_o or_o the_o 15_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o lupercalia_n when_o the_o luperci_n make_v their_o wild_a procession_n etc._n procession_n ovid._n fast_o 2._o v._n 267_o etc._n etc._n which_o have_v be_v describe_v before_o february_n the_o 11_o or_o the_o 9th_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feralia_fw-la or_o feast_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o ghost_n when_o people_n carry_v some_o little_a sort_n of_o offer_v to_o the_o grave_n of_o their_o decease_a friend_n ovid_n give_v we_o so_o handsome_a a_o account_n of_o it_o that_o we_o must_v not_o pass_v he_o by_o est_fw-fr honour_n &_o tumulis_fw-la animas_fw-la placare_fw-la paternas_fw-la etc._n paternas_fw-la ibid._n five_o 5._o â—_o etc._n etc._n parvaque_fw-la in_o exstructas_fw-la munera_fw-la far_o pyras_fw-la parva_n petunt_fw-la manes_fw-la pietas_fw-la pro_fw-la divite_fw-la grata_fw-la est_fw-la munere_fw-la non_fw-la avidos_fw-la styx_n habet_fw-la ima_fw-la deos._n tegula_n porrectis_fw-la satis_fw-la est_fw-la velata_fw-la coronis_fw-la et_fw-la sparsae_fw-la fruges_fw-la parvaque_fw-la mica_fw-la salis_fw-la tomb_n have_v their_o honour_n too_o our_o parent_n crave_v some_o slender_a present_n to_o adorn_v their_o grave_n slender_z the_o present_n which_o the_o ghost_n we_o owe_v those_o power_n observe_v not_o what_o we_o give_v but_o how_o no_o greedy_a soul_n disturb_v the_o happy_a seat_n below_o they_o only_o ask_v a_o tile_n with_o garland_n crown_v and_o fruit_n and_o salt_n to_o scatter_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o day_n after_o the_o feralia_fw-la be_v the_o charistia_fw-la or_o festival_n of_o love_n when_o all_o the_o relation_n in_o every_o family_n meet_v together_o and_o have_v a_o feast_n the_o kalend_n of_o march_n be_v the_o matronalia_fw-la a_o feast_n keep_v by_o the_o roman_a matron_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o mars_n to_o who_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v for_o the_o happiness_n of_o bear_v of_o good_a child_n a_o favour_n which_o he_o first_o confer_v on_o his_o
own_o mistress_n rhea_n 233._o rhea_n ovid._n fast_o 3._o v._n 233._o on_o the_o same_o day_n begin_v the_o solemn_a feast_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la and_o their_o procession_n with_o the_o ancylia_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o anna_n perenna_n in_o honour_n either_o of_o the_o sister_n of_o dido_n who_o flee_v into_o italy_n to_o aeneas_n or_o of_o one_o anna_n a_o old_a gentlewoman_n that_o in_o a_o great_a dearth_n at_o rome_n for_o some_o time_n furnish_v the_o common_a people_n with_o corn_n out_o of_o her_o own_o store_n the_o celebration_n of_o this_o day_n consist_v in_o drink_v and_o feast_v large_o among_o friend_n the_o common_a people_n meet_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o tiber_n and_o build_v themselves_o booth_n and_o arbour_n keep_v the_o day_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o sport_n and_o jollity_n wish_v one_o another_o to_o live_v as_o many_o year_n as_o they_o drink_v cup_n etc._n cup_n ibid._n v._o 5â—3_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n order_v to_o be_v call_v parricidium_fw-la from_o the_o murder_n of_o julius_n caesar_n which_o happen_v on_o it_o 88_o it_o suâ—ton_n in_o jul._n cap._n 88_o appian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o very_a different_a law_n that_o dolabella_n the_o consul_n will_v have_v prefer_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o day_n call_v ever_o after_o natalis_n vrbis_fw-la the_o birthday_n of_o the_o city_n as_o if_o their_o liberty_n have_v revive_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n march_v the_o 19_o or_o the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n begin_v the_o quinquatrus_n or_o quinquatria_n the_o feast_n of_o minerva_n continue_v five_o day_n it_o be_v during_o this_o solemnity_n that_o the_o boy_n and_o girl_n use_v to_o pray_v to_o the_o goddess_n for_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n of_o which_o she_o have_v the_o patronage_n to_o which_o custom_n juvevenal_n allude_v eloquium_fw-la &_o famam_fw-la demosthenes_n aut_fw-la ciceronis_fw-la incipit_fw-la optare_fw-la &_o totis_fw-la quinquatribus_fw-la optat_fw-la 10._o optat_fw-la sat._n 10._o to_o rival_n tully_n or_o demosthenes_n begin_v to_o wish_v in_o the_o quinquatrian_a day_n and_o wish_v all_o the_o feast_n april_n the_o 19_o or_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o cerealia_n or_o feast_n of_o ceres_n in_o which_o solemnity_n the_o chief_a actor_n be_v the_o woman_n no_o person_n that_o mourn_v be_v allow_v to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o this_o service_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o upon_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n there_o be_v such_o a_o universal_a grief_n in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o ceres_n be_v force_v to_o be_v omit_v 22._o omit_v livy_n lib._n 22._o april_n the_o 21_o or_o the_o 11_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o palilia_n or_o feast_n of_o pale_n goddess_n of_o shepherd_n this_o be_v sometime_o call_v parilia_n à _fw-la pariendo_fw-la because_o prayer_n be_v now_o make_v for_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o sheep_n ovid_n tell_v we_o a_o very_a tedious_a course_n of_o superstition_n that_o the_o shepherd_n run_v through_o upon_o this_o day_n they_o always_o contrive_v to_o have_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o night_n and_o when_o most_o of_o they_o be_v pretty_a merry_a they_o conclude_v all_o with_o dance_v over_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o make_v in_o the_o field_n with_o heap_n of_o stubble_n etc._n stubble_n ovid._n fast_o 4._o v._n 721_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v call_v vrbis_fw-la natalis_fw-la be_v the_o day_n on_o which_o the_o city_n be_v build_v 806._o build_v ibid._n v._o 806._o april_n the_o 25_o or_o the_o seven_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o robigalia_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o goddess_n robigo_n or_o the_o god_n robigus_n who_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o mildew_n and_o blast_v from_o the_o corn_n and_o fruit_n 901._o fruit_n ibid._n v._o 901._o april_n 29_o or_o the_o 5_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o floralia_fw-la or_o feast_n of_o flora_n goddess_n of_o flower_n 943._o flower_n ibid._n v._o 943._o when_o the_o public_a sport_n be_v celebrate_v that_o will_v be_v hereafter_o describe_v in_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n we_o meet_v with_o no_o festival_n of_o extraordinary_a note_n except_z the_o poplifugium_fw-la and_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la the_o original_a of_o the_o famous_a nonae_fw-la caprotinae_fw-la or_o poplifugium_fw-la be_v double_o relate_v by_o plutarch_n according_a to_o the_o two_o common_a opinion_n first_o because_o romulus_n disappear_v on_o that_o day_n when_o a_o assembly_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o palus_n capri_n or_o goatsmarch_n on_o a_o sudden_a happen_v a_o most_o wonderful_a tempest_n accompany_v with_o terrible_a thunder_n and_o other_o unusual_a disorder_n in_o the_o air._n the_o common_a people_n flee_v all_o away_o to_o secure_v themselves_o but_o after_o the_o tempest_n be_v over_o can_v never_o find_v their_o king_n romulus_n king_n plutarch_n in_o romulus_n or_o else_o from_o caprificus_fw-la a_o wild_a figtree_n because_o in_o the_o gallic_n war_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o be_v prisoner_n in_o the_o enemy_n camp_n take_v the_o opportunity_n when_o she_o see_v they_o one_o night_n in_o a_o disorder_n get_v up_o into_o a_o wild_a figtree_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o light_a torch_n towards_o the_o city_n give_v the_o roman_n a_o signal_n to_o fall_v on_o which_o they_o do_v with_o such_o good_a success_n as_o to_o gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n camill._n victory_n plutarch_n in_o romul_n &_o in_o camill._n the_o original_a of_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la as_o to_o the_o time_n be_v unknown_a macrobius_n assure_v we_o that_o it_o be_v celebrate_v in_o italy_n long_o before_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n 7._o rome_n macrob._n saturn_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o the_o story_n of_o saturn_n in_o who_o honour_n it_o be_v keep_v every_o body_n be_v acquaint_v with_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n beside_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a observation_n worth_a our_o notice_n as_o the_o liberty_n now_o allow_v to_o servant_n to_o be_v free_a and_o merry_a with_o their_o master_n so_o often_o allude_v to_o in_o author_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o be_v do_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o liberty_n enjoy_v in_o the_o golden_a age_n under_o saturn_n before_o the_o name_n of_o servant_n or_o master_n be_v know_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o this_o they_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n no_o war_n be_v to_o be_v proclaim_v and_o no_o offender_n execute_v the_o school_n keep_v a_o vacation_n and_o nothing_o but_o mirth_n and_o freedom_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o city_n they_o keep_v at_o first_o only_o one_o day_n the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n but_o the_o number_n be_v afterward_o increase_v to_o three_o four_o five_o and_o some_o say_v seven_o day_n 3._o day_n lipsiuâ—_n saturnal_a lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o part_n ii_o book_n iii_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o general_a division_n of_o the_o people_n romulus_n as_o soon_o as_o his_o city_n be_v tolerable_o well_o fill_v with_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o distinction_n of_o the_o people_n according_a to_o honour_n and_o quality_n give_v the_o better_a sort_n the_o name_n of_o patres_fw-la or_o patricii_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n the_o common_a title_n of_o plebeti_n to_o bind_v the_o two_o degree_n more_o firm_o together_o he_o recommend_v to_o the_o patrician_n some_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o protect_v and_o countenance_n the_o former_a be_v style_v patroni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o clientes_fw-la the_o patron_n be_v always_o their_o client_n counsellor_n in_o litigious_a case_n their_o advocate_n in_o judgement_n in_o short_a their_o adviser_n and_o overseer_n in_o all_o affair_n whatever_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o client_n faithful_o serve_v their_o patron_n not_o only_o pay_v they_o all_o imaginable_a respect_n and_o deference_n but_o if_o occasion_n require_v assist_v they_o with_o money_n towards_o the_o defray_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a charge_n but_o afterward_o when_o the_o state_n grow_v rich_a and_o great_a though_o all_o other_o good_a office_n continue_v between_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v think_v a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o the_o better_a sort_n to_o take_v any_o money_n of_o their_o inferior_n romulo_n inferior_n vide_fw-la diony_n lib._n 2._o liv._o lib._n 1._o plutarch_n in_o romulo_n the_o division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o the_o three_o distinct_a order_n of_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o take_v its_o rise_n about_o the_o time_n of_o tarquin_n expulsion_n the_o senator_n be_v such_o person_n as_o have_v be_v promote_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o supreme_a council_n of_o state_n either_o
security_n be_v their_o repute_n of_o be_v sacrosancti_fw-la which_o they_o confirm_v by_o a_o law_n so_o that_o it_o be_v reckon_v the_o high_a act_n of_o impiety_n to_o offer_v they_o the_o least_o injury_n or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o interrupt_v they_o when_o they_o be_v speak_v their_o interpose_v in_o matter_n determine_v by_o the_o senate_n or_o other_o magistrate_n be_v call_v intercessio_fw-la and_o be_v perform_v by_o stand_v up_o and_o pronounce_v only_o one_o word_n veto_n as_o for_o the_o ensign_n of_o their_o office_n they_o have_v no_o praetexta_fw-la lictor_n nor_o curule_v chair_n and_o only_o a_o sort_n of_o a_o beadle_n who_o they_o call_v viator_n go_v before_o they_o sylla_n the_o dictator_n be_v the_o first_o who_o dare_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o tribune_n but_o they_o soon_o recover_v their_o old_a power_n again_o till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o leave_v they_o very_o little_a but_o the_o name_n and_o shadow_n of_o magistrate_n this_o they_o effect_v as_o by_o several_a mean_n so_o particular_o by_o oblige_v the_o people_n to_o confer_v the_o same_o power_n and_o authority_n on_o themselves_o whence_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v tribunitiâ_fw-la potestate_fw-la donati_fw-la chap._n x._o of_o the_o aedile_n the_o commons_o have_v no_o soon_o prevail_v with_o the_o senate_n to_o confirm_v the_o office_n of_o tribune_n but_o they_o obtain_v far_o the_o privilege_n to_o choose_v yearly_a out_o of_o their_o own_o body_n two_o more_o officer_n to_o assist_v those_o magistrate_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o some_o particular_a service_n 6._o service_n vide_fw-la diony_n lib._n 6._o the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o care_n of_o public_a aedifices_fw-la whence_o they_o borrow_a their_o name_n rosinus_n for_o distinction_n sake_n call_v they_o aediles_z plebis_fw-la beside_o the_o duty_n mention_v above_o they_o have_v several_a other_o employment_n of_o lesser_a note_n as_o to_o attend_v on_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o judge_v some_o inferior_a cause_n by_o their_o deputation_n to_o rectify_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n prohibit_v unlawful_a game_n and_o the_o like_a a._n v._o c._n 389._o two_o more_o aedile_n be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n to_o inspect_v the_o public_a game_n 7._o game_n liv._o lib._n 6_o &_o 7._o they_o be_v call_v aedile_n curule_v because_o they_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o use_v the_o sella_n curulis_fw-la the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v general_o derive_v à _fw-fr curru_fw-la 18._o curru_fw-la vide_fw-la agell_a lib._n 3._o cap._n 18._o because_o they_o sit_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o ride_v in_o their_o chariot_n but_o lipsius_n fancy_n they_o owe_v their_o name_n as_o well_o as_o their_o invention_n to_o the_o curetes_n a_o people_n of_o the_o sabine_n the_o curille_n aedile_n beside_o their_o proper_a office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o temple_n theatre_n bath_n and_o other_o noble_a structure_n and_o be_v appoint_v judge_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o fell_n or_o exchange_v of_o estate_n julius_n caesar_n a._n v._o c._n 710._o add_v two_o more_o aedile_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o the_o title_n of_o aedile_n cereales_fw-la from_o ceres_n because_o their_o business_n be_v to_o inspect_v the_o public_a store_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o provision_n to_o supervise_v all_o the_o commodity_n expose_v in_o the_o market_n and_o to_o punish_v delinquent_n in_o all_o matter_n concern_v buy_v and_o sell_v juris_fw-la sell_v vide_fw-la diâ—â—_n lib._n 43._o &_o pompen_a lib._n 2._o f._n de_fw-fr orig._n juris_fw-la chap._n xi_o of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 291._o the_o people_n think_v themselves_o high_o wrong_v that_o though_o they_o have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n yet_o still_o the_o whole_a decision_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n shall_v lie_v in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n without_o any_o write_a statute_n to_o direct_v they_o propound_v to_o the_o senate_n by_o their_o tribune_n that_o stand_a law_n may_v be_v make_v which_o the_o city_n shall_v use_v for_o ever_o the_o business_n hang_v in_o suspense_n several_a year_n at_o last_o it_o be_v conclude_v to_o send_v ambassador_n to_o athens_n and_o other_o grecian_a city_n to_o make_v collection_n out_o of_o the_o best_a of_o their_o constitution_n for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n in_o the_o new_a design_n upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o commissioner_n the_o tribune_n claim_v the_o promise_n of_o the_o senate_n to_o allow_v they_o a_o new_a magistracy_n for_o the_o put_v the_o project_n in_o execution_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o ten_o man_n out_o of_o the_o chief_a senator_n shall_v be_v elect_v that_o their_o power_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o king_n or_o consul_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n all_o other_o office_n shall_v cease_v the_o decemviri_fw-la have_v now_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o they_o agree_v that_o only_a one_o of_o they_o shall_v at_o one_o time_n enjoy_v the_o fasces_fw-la and_o other_o consular_a ornament_n shall_v assemble_v the_o senate_n confirm_v decree_n and_o act_n in_o all_o respect_n as_o supreme_a magistrate_n to_o this_o honour_n they_o be_v to_o succeed_v by_o turn_n till_o the_o year_n be_v out_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v oblige_v to_o differ_v very_o little_a in_o their_o habit_n from_o private_a person_n to_o give_v the_o people_n the_o less_o suspicion_n of_o tyranny_n and_o absolute_a government_n at_o length_n have_v make_v a_o model_n out_o of_o such_o law_n as_o have_v be_v bring_v from_o greece_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n they_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o public_o view_v in_o ten_o table_n liberty_n be_v give_v for_o any_o person_n to_o make_v exception_n upon_o the_o general_a approbation_n of_o the_o citizen_n a_o decree_n pass_v for_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o new_a law_n which_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o augur_n in_o a_o most_o solemn_a and_o religious_a manner_n the_o war_n be_v expire_v a_o far_a continuance_n of_o this_o office_n be_v vote_v necessary_a because_o something_o seem_v yet_o to_o be_v want_v for_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o design_n the_o decemviri_fw-la who_o have_v procure_v themselves_o the_o honour_n in_o the_o new_a election_n quick_o abuse_v their_o authority_n and_o under_o pretence_n of_o reform_v the_o commonwealth_n show_v themselves_o the_o great_a violator_n of_o justice_n and_o honesty_n two_o more_o table_n indeed_o they_o add_v to_o the_o first_o and_o so_o seem_v to_o have_v answer_v the_o intent_n of_o their_o institution_n yet_o they_o not_o only_o keep_v their_o office_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o that_o year_n but_o usurp_v it_o again_o the_o next_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o stir_n make_v in_o the_o city_n for_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o tyranny_n yet_o they_o maintain_v their_o absolute_a power_n till_o a_o action_n of_o their_o chief_a leader_n appius_n give_v a_o final_a ruin_n to_o their_o authority_n 〈◊〉_d for_o he_o fall_v desperate_o in_o love_n with_o virginia_n the_o daughter_n of_o a_o plebeian_n and_o prosecute_a his_o passion_n by_o such_o unlawful_a mean_n as_o to_o cause_v the_o kill_n of_o she_o by_o her_o own_o father_n the_o story_n of_o which_o be_v tell_v at_o large_a by_o livy_n give_v a_o occasion_n to_o a_o mutiny_n in_o the_o army_n and_o a_o general_a dislike_n to_o the_o whole_a city_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o senate_n to_o let_v the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n return_n which_o be_v in_o force_n at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la 8._o decemviri_fw-la vide_fw-la liv._o lib._n 3._o diony_n lib._n 8._o chap._n xii_o tribuni_fw-la militum_fw-la consulari_fw-la potestate_fw-la upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o decemvirate_n the_o first_o consul_n that_o be_v elect_v appear_v high_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o commons_o give_v they_o such_o a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v a_o head_n in_o the_o state_n that_o within_o three_o year_n afterward_o they_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o petition_v for_o the_o privilege_n of_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o the_o consulship_n which_o have_v be_v hitherto_o deny_v they_o the_o stiff_a of_o the_o patrician_n violent_o oppose_v this_o request_n as_o a_o fair_a mean_n to_o ruin_v their_o honour_n and_o authority_n and_o to_o bring_v all_o person_n of_o whatever_o quality_n upon_o the_o same_o level_n but_o a_o war_n casual_o break_v out_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o confederate_a country_n which_o the_o roman_n be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v the_o consul_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissension_n upon_o this_o account_n in_o the_o city_n can_v not_o with_o all_o their_o
diligence_n procure_v any_o levy_n to_o be_v make_v because_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o oppose_v all_o their_o order_n and_o will_v let_v no_o soldier_n be_v list_v till_o their_o petition_n have_v be_v canvas_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o this_o exigency_n the_o father_n be_v call_v together_o and_o after_o the_o business_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n debate_v with_o great_a heat_n and_o tumult_n at_o last_o pitch_v upon_o this_o expedient_a that_o three_o magistrate_n shall_v be_v elect_v out_o of_o each_o order_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o whole_a consular_a power_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n to_o have_v that_o office_n or_o consul_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n both_o party_n ready_o embrace_v this_o proposal_n and_o according_o proceed_v to_o a_o election_n where_o though_o the_o whole_a design_n of_o this_o stir_v have_v be_v pure_o to_o increase_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o commons_o yet_o when_o the_o matter_n come_v to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o vote_n they_o choose_v none_o of_o that_o order_n to_o the_o new_a magistracy_n but_o confer_v the_o honour_n on_o three_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a patrician_n with_o the_o title_n of_o tribuni_fw-la militum_fw-la consulari_fw-la potestate_fw-la about_o a._n v._o c._n 310._o the_o first_o tribune_n have_v hold_v their_o dignity_n no_o long_o than_o seventy_o day_n be_v oblige_v to_o quit_v it_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o augur_n have_v discover_v some_o flaw_n in_o their_o election_n and_o so_o the_o government_n return_v to_o its_o former_a course_n the_o supreme_a command_n rest_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o consul_n 11._o consul_n liv._o lib._n 4._o diony_n lib._n 11._o afterward_o they_o be_v some_o year_n choose_v and_o some_o year_n pass_v by_o having_z rise_v from_o three_o to_o six_o and_o afterward_o to_o eight_o and_o the_o plebeian_n be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o the_o honour_n till_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 388._o they_o be_v entire_o lay_v aside_o chap._n xiii_o civil_a office_n of_o less_o note_n or_o of_o less_o frequent_a occurrence_n in_o author_n and_o of_o the_o public_a servant_n there_o be_v several_a officer_n behind_o who_o deserve_v little_o more_o than_o to_o be_v name_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o low_a station_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o because_o they_o be_v very_o seldom_o mention_v in_o our_o ordinary_a classicks_n among_o these_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v interrex_n the_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o govern_v between_o the_o death_n of_o one_o king_n and_o the_o election_n of_o another_o this_o office_n be_v take_v by_o turn_n by_o the_o senator_n continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o man_n five_o day_n 1._o day_n dionys._n lib._n 2._o livy_n lib._n 1._o or_o if_o we_o believe_v plutarch_n numb_a plutarch_n in_o numb_a only_o twelve_o hour_n at_o a_o time_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o a_o interrex_n under_o the_o consular_a government_n create_v to_o hold_v assembly_n when_o the_o ordinary_a magistrate_n be_v either_o absent_a or_o disable_v to_o act_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o undue_a election_n tribunus_n or_o praefectus_fw-la celerum_fw-la the_o captain_n of_o romulus_n lifeguard_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o stout_a young_a man_n and_o of_o the_o best_a family_n in_o the_o city_n under_o the_o name_n of_o celeres_fw-la or_o light-horse_n praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n create_v by_o augustus_n at_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n maecenas_n upon_o who_o at_o first_o he_o confer_v the_o new_a honour_n 3._o honour_n dio._n lib._n 52._o tâ—â—uus_n annal._n lib._n 4_o 3._o he_o be_v to_o precede_v all_o other_o city-magistrate_n have_v power_n to_o receive_v appeal_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o to_o decide_v almost_o all_o cause_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o rome_n or_o a_o hundred_o mile_n round_o before_o this_o there_o be_v sometime_o a_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la create_v when_o the_o king_n or_o great_a officer_n be_v absent_a from_o the_o city_n to_o administer_v justice_n in_o their_o room_n ibid._n room_n ibid._n praefectus_fw-la aerarii_fw-la a_o officer_n choose_v out_o of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v discharge_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n by_o augustus_n to_o supervise_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a fund_z which_o he_o raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o army_n 53._o army_n dio._n lib_n 53._o this_o project_n be_v revive_v by_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la create_v by_o the_o same_o emperor_n to_o command_v the_o praetorian_a cohort_n or_o his_o lifeguard_n who_o borrow_a their_o name_n from_o the_o praetorium_n or_o general_n be_v tent_n all_o commander_n in_o chief_a be_v ancient_o style_v praetores_fw-la his_o office_n answer_v exact_o to_o that_o of_o the_o magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la under_o the_o old_a dictator_n only_o his_o authority_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n be_v general_o the_o high_a person_n in_o favour_n with_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o soldier_n once_o come_v to_o make_v their_o own_o emperor_n the_o common_a man_n they_o pitch_v upon_o be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la praefectus_fw-la frumenti_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la vigilum_fw-la both_o owe_v their_o institution_n to_o the_o same_o augustus_n the_o first_o be_v to_o inspect_v and_o regulate_v the_o distribution_n of_o corn_n which_o use_v to_o be_v often_o make_v among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o other_o command_v in_o chief_a all_o the_o soldier_n appoint_v for_o a_o constant_a watch_n to_o the_o city_n be_v a_o cohort_n to_o every_o two_o region_n his_o business_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o thief_n incendiary_n idle_a vagrant_n and_o the_o like_a and_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v all_o petty_a misdemeanour_n which_o be_v think_v too_o trivial_a to_o come_v under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la in_o many_o of_o these_o inferior_a magistracy_n several_a person_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n together_o and_o then_o they_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o number_n of_o man_n that_o compose_v they_o of_o this_o sort_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o triumvir_n or_o tresviri_fw-la capitales_fw-la the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a gaol_n they_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v malefactor_n like_o our_o master_n of_o the_o house_n of_o correction_n for_o which_o service_n they_o keep_v eight_o lictor_n under_o they_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o plautus_n quid_fw-la faciam_fw-la nunc_fw-la si_fw-la tresviri_fw-la i_o in_o carcerem_fw-la compegerint_fw-la ind_n cras_fw-la è_fw-la promptuariâ_fw-la cellâ_fw-la depromar_fw-la ad_fw-la flagrum_fw-la ita_fw-la quasi_fw-la incudem_fw-la i_o miserum_fw-la octo_fw-la homines_fw-la validi_fw-la caedent_fw-la amphytr_n caedent_fw-la in_o amphytr_n triumvir_n nocturni_fw-la mention_v by_o livy_n 9_o livy_n lib._n 9_o and_o tacitus_n 5._o tacitus_n annal._n lib._n 5._o institute_v for_o the_o prevention_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n triumvir_n monetales_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sometime_o their_o name_n be_v write_v triumvir_n a._n a._n ae._n f._n f._n stand_v for_o auro_fw-la argento_n aere_fw-la flando_fw-la feriendo_fw-la quatuorviri_fw-la viarum_fw-la curandarum_fw-la person_n depute_v by_o the_o censor_n to_o supervise_v the_o public_a way_n centum_fw-la viri_fw-la and_o decemviri_fw-la litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v a_o body_n of_o man_n choose_v three_o out_o of_o every_o tribe_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o the_o praetor_n commit_v to_o their_o decision_n which_o be_v reckon_v up_o by_o cicero_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la the_o decemviri_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o centumvirate_n and_o to_o have_v preside_v under_o the_o praetor_n in_o the_o judicia_fw-la centumviralia_fw-la these_o be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o step_v to_o preferment_n for_o person_n of_o part_n and_o industry_n as_o be_v also_o the_o vigintiviratus_n mention_v by_o cicero_n tacitus_n and_o dio_n which_o perhaps_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o select_a part_n of_o the_o centumviri_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n of_o as_o little_a note_n behind_o who_o have_v no_o fix_a authority_n but_o be_v constitute_v upon_o some_o particular_a occasion_n such_o as_o the_o duumviri_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la sive_fw-la capitales_fw-la officer_n create_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o traitor_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n continue_v as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v under_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o under_o the_o consular_a government_n at_o its_o first_o institution_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o many_o year_n as_o unnecessary_a cicero_n in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n complain_v of_o their_o revival_n by_o labienus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o reo_fw-la commons_o cicero_n orat._n pro_fw-la c._n raâ—â—rio_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la reo_fw-la quaestores_fw-la or_o
quaesitores_fw-la parricidii_fw-la vel_fw-la rerum_fw-la capitalium_fw-la magistrate_n choose_v by_o the_o people_n to_o give_v judgement_n in_o capital_a cause_n after_o the_o consul_n be_v deny_v that_o privilege_n and_o before_o the_o quaestiones_fw-la be_v make_v perpetual_a the_o public_a servant_n of_o the_o magistrate_n have_v the_o common_a name_n of_o apparitores_fw-la from_o the_o word_n appareo_fw-la because_o they_o always_o stand_v ready_a to_o execute_v their_o master_n order_n of_o these_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o scribae_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o public_a notary_n who_o take_v a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n in_o some_o measure_n too_o they_o answer_v to_o our_o attorney_n inasmuch_o as_o they_o draw_v up_o the_o paper_n and_o write_n which_o be_v produce_v before_o the_o judge_n notarius_fw-la and_o actuarius_n signify_v much_o the_o same_o office_n accensi_fw-la and_o praecones_fw-la the_o public_a crier_n who_o be_v to_o call_v witness_n signify_v the_o adjournment_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o like_a the_o former_a have_v the_o name_n from_o accieo_n and_o the_o other_o from_o praecieo_n the_o praecones_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v have_v more_o business_n assign_v they_o than_o the_o accensi_fw-la as_o the_o proclaim_v thing_n in_o the_o street_n the_o assist_v at_o public_a sales_n to_o declare_v how_o much_o every_o one_o bid_v whereas_o the_o accensi_fw-la more_o near_o attend_v on_o the_o magistrate_n lictores_fw-la the_o sergeant_n or_o beadle_n who_o carry_v the_o fasces_fw-la before_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n as_o the_o interreges_fw-la dictator_n consul_n and_o praetor_n beside_o this_o they_o be_v the_o public_a executioner_n in_o scourge_v and_o behead_n the_o viatores_fw-la be_v little_o different_a from_o the_o former_a only_o that_o they_o go_v before_o the_o officer_n of_o less_o dignity_n and_o particular_o before_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o we_o must_v not_o forget_v the_o carnifex_n or_o common_a hangman_n who_o business_n lie_v only_o in_o crucifixion_n cicero_n have_v a_o very_a good_a observation_n of_o he_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o his_o office_n he_o be_v particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n to_o have_v his_o dwellinghouse_n within_o the_o city_n rainrio_n city_n cicero_n pro_fw-la rainrio_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o provincial_a magistrate_n and_o first_o of_o the_o proconsul_n the_o chief_z of_o the_o provincial_a officer_n be_v the_o proconsul_n whether_o the_o word_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v proconsul_n and_o decline_v or_o proconsule_n and_o undeclined_a grammatici_fw-la certant_fw-la &_o adhuc_fw-la sub_fw-la judice_fw-la lie_fw-la est_fw-la we_o may_v divide_v these_o magistrate_n into_o four_o sort_n first_o such_o as_o be_v consul_n have_v their_o office_n prolong_v beyond_o the_o time_n prefix_v by_o law_n second_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o this_o honour_n either_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n or_o the_o command_n in_o war_n who_o before_o be_v only_o in_o a_o private_a station_n three_o such_o as_o immediate_o upon_o the_o expiration_n of_o their_o consulship_n go_v proconsul_n into_o the_o province_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n four_o such_o governor_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v send_v into_o those_o province_n which_o fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o the_o people_n proconsul_n of_o the_o two_o former_a sort_n we_o meet_v with_o very_o rare_o only_a livy_n give_v we_o a_o example_n of_o each_o 26._o each_o livy_n lib._n 8._o lib._n 26._o the_o three_o kind_n more_o proper_o enjoy_v the_o name_n and_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v to_o be_v describe_v at_o large_a with_o reference_n to_o their_o creation_n administration_n and_o return_v from_o their_o command_n they_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n but_o when_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la new_a consul_n be_v design_v for_o the_o follow_a year_n one_o of_o the_o present_a consul_n propose_v to_o the_o senate_n what_o province_n they_o will_v declare_v consular_a and_o what_o praetorian_n to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o design_v consul_n and_o praetor_n according_a to_o their_o determination_n the_o design_v consul_n present_o agree_v what_o province_n to_o enter_v upon_o at_o the_o expiration_n of_o their_o office_n in_o the_o city_n the_o business_n be_v general_o decide_v by_o cast_v lot_n afterward_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o consulship_n they_o formal_o get_v leave_v of_o the_o people_n to_o undertake_v the_o military_a command_n which_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o obtain_v beside_o this_o they_o procure_v a_o decree_n of_o senate_n to_o determine_v the_o extent_n of_o their_o province_n the_o number_n of_o their_o force_n the_o pay_n that_o shall_v be_v allow_v they_o with_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o their_o journey_n and_o settlement_n by_o the_o pass_n of_o this_o decree_n they_o be_v say_v ornari_fw-la provinciâ_fw-la and_o cicero_n use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n ornari_fw-la apparitoribus_fw-la scribis_fw-la etc._n etc._n who_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o proconsul_n attendant_n nothing_o now_o remain_v but_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n to_o set_v forward_o for_o their_o new_a government_n but_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o senate_n have_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o depart_v yet_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v power_n to_o stop_v their_o journey_n and_o therefore_o because_o crassus_n go_v proconsul_n into_o parthia_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a order_n of_o the_o tribune_n he_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v lose_v the_o roman_a army_n and_o his_o own_o life_n as_o a_o judgement_n on_o he_o for_o despise_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o officer_n who_o they_o always_o count_v sacrosanctus_fw-la at_o their_o first_o entrance_n on_o their_o province_n they_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o conference_n with_o their_o immediate_a predecessor_n to_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o state_n of_o thing_n though_o their_o administration_n begin_v the_o very_a day_n of_o their_o arrival_n their_o authority_n both_o civil_a and_o military_a be_v very_o extraordinary_a the_o winter_n they_o general_o spend_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o the_o latter_a they_o decide_v case_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n either_o private_o in_o their_o praetorium_n or_o palace_n where_o they_o receive_v petitioner_n hear_v complaint_n grant_v writ_n under_o their_o seal_n and_o the_o like_a or_o else_o public_o in_o the_o common-hall_n with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o formality_n observe_v in_o court_n of_o judicature_n the_o process_n be_v in_o all_o respect_v the_o same_o as_o those_o at_o rome_n beside_o this_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o edict_n they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o order_v all_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o tribute_n tax_n contribution_n and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o money_n and_o whatever_o else_o belong_v to_o the_o chief_a administration_n of_o affair_n their_o return_n from_o the_o command_n be_v very_o remarkable_a they_o either_o meet_v their_o successor_n at_o his_o arrival_n and_o immediate_o deliliver_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o charge_n of_o the_o army_n be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v the_o province_n in_o thirty_o day_n or_o else_o they_o come_v away_o beforehand_o and_o leave_v a_o deputy_n in_o their_o room_n to_o perform_v the_o solemnity_n of_o a_o resignation_n have_v first_o make_v up_o their_o account_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o write_v in_o the_o two_o chief_a city_n of_o their_o several_a province_n upon_o their_o arrival_n at_o rome_n if_o they_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o a_o triumph_n they_o present_o dimiss_v their_o train_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n as_o private_a person_n if_o they_o aspire_v to_o this_o honour_n they_o still_o retain_v the_o fasces_fw-la and_o other_o proconsular_a ornament_n and_o give_v the_o senate_n assemble_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o bellona_n a_o relation_n of_o theâ—r_a action_n and_o exploit_n and_o petition_v for_o a_o trimph_n but_o in_o both_o case_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v in_o their_o account_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n within_o thirty_o day_n though_o the_o proconsul_n order_v matter_n as_o they_o please_v during_o their_o honour_n yet_o at_o their_o return_n a_o very_a strict_a account_n be_v make_v into_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o government_n and_o upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o any_o ill_a deal_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o prefer_v bill_n against_o they_o and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o formal_a trial._n the_o crime_n most_o common_o object_v against_o they_o be_v crimen_fw-la peculatûs_fw-la relate_v to_o their_o ill_a use_n of_o the_o public_a money_n and_o the_o deficiency_n of_o their_o account_n majestatis_fw-la of_o treachery_n and_o perfidiousness_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o repetundarum_fw-la of_o oppression_n or_o extortion_n exercise_v upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n who_o as_o their_o ally_n and_o confederate_n the_o roman_n be_v oblige_v to_o patronize_v
and_o defend_v augustus_n when_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n he_o assume_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o other_o constitution_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n divide_v the_o province_n into_o two_o part_n one_o of_o which_o he_o give_v whole_o over_o to_o the_o people_n and_o reserve_v the_o other_o for_o himself_o after_o which_o time_n only_o the_o governor_n send_v into_o the_o first_o division_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o proconsul_n though_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o whole_a military_a power_n and_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o old_a proconsul_n to_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o proconsul_n we_o may_v add_v two_o more_o from_o alexander_n of_o naples_n first_o such_o as_o the_o senate_n create_v proconsul_n without_o a_o province_n pure_o for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o care_n of_o the_o military_a discipline_n and_o second_o such_o design_v consul_n as_o enter_v on_o their_o proconsular_a office_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o consulship_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o provincial_a praetor_n and_o propraetor_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la quaestor_n and_o proquaestor_n in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o province_n be_v govern_v by_o praetor_n and_o as_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o state_n be_v enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o those_o magistrate_n be_v according_o increase_v yet_o even_o in_o those_o time_n if_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o command_n of_o the_o province_n beyond_o the_o time_n prefix_v for_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o praetorship_n they_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n though_o they_o still_o keep_v the_o same_o authority_n as_o before_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 604._o the_o design_v praetor_n begin_v to_o divide_v the_o praetorian_a or_o lesser_a province_n by_o lot_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o consul_n do_v the_o consular_a and_o when_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n they_o repair_v to_o their_o respective_a government_n assume_v the_o title_n of_o propraetor_n as_o their_o creation_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o proconsul_n so_o their_o entrance_n upon_o their_o office_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o administration_n be_v exact_o answerable_a to_o they_o only_o that_o they_o be_v allow_v but_o six_o lictor_n with_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o fasces_fw-la whereas_o the_o proconsul_n have_v twelve_o of_o each_o now_o though_o before_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n the_o propraetor_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o preside_v over_o the_o province_n of_o lesser_a note_n and_o importance_n be_v always_o reckon_v inferior_a to_o the_o proconsul_n yet_o upon_o his_o division_n of_o the_o province_n the_o governor_n of_o those_o which_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o propraetor_n get_v the_o preference_n of_o the_o proconsul_n in_o respect_n of_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o military_a command_n and_o continue_v in_o their_o office_n as_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n please_v the_o chief_a assistant_n of_o the_o proconsul_n and_o the_o propraetor_n be_v the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o provincial_a quaestor_n the_o former_a be_v different_a in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o governor_n who_o they_o accompany_v serve_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o inferior_a cause_n and_o the_o management_n of_o all_o small_a concern_v remit_v every_o thing_n of_o moment_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o governor_n or_o precedent_n beside_o the_o legati_fw-la there_o go_v with_o every_o proconsul_n or_o propraetor_n one_o or_o more_o quaestor_n who_o whole_a business_n be_v concern_v in_o manage_v the_o public_a account_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supply_n of_o money_n corn_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n we_o seldom_o meet_v with_o proquaestor_n in_o author_n they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o quaestor_n in_o the_o province_n without_o the_o deputation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o proper_a quaestor_n this_o happen_v either_o when_o a_o quaestor_n die_v in_o his_o office_n or_o go_v to_o rome_n without_o be_v succeed_v by_o another_o quaestor_n for_o in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n appoint_v another_o in_o his_o room_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proquaestor_fw-la of_o the_o like_a nature_n with_o these_o quaestor_n be_v the_o procuratores_fw-la caesaris_fw-la often_o mention_v by_o tacitus_n and_o suetonius_n officer_n send_v by_o the_o emperor_n into_o every_o province_n to_o receive_v and_o regulate_v the_o public_a revenue_n and_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o the_o emperor_n command_n such_o a_o magistrate_n be_v pontius_n pilate_n in_o judaea_n and_o though_o the_o judge_n of_o extreme_a cause_n do_v not_o proper_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n yet_o because_o the_o jew_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o rebellious_a nation_n and_o apt_a to_o revolt_v upon_o the_o least_o occasion_n and_o because_o the_o precedent_n of_o syria_n be_v force_v to_o attend_v on_o other_o part_n of_o his_o province_n therefore_o for_o the_o better_a keep_v the_o jew_n in_o order_n the_o procurator_n of_o judaea_n be_v invest_v with_o all_o the_o authority_n proper_a to_o the_o proconsul_n even_o with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o the_o learned_a bishop_n pearson_n observe_v 4._o observe_v bishop_n pearson_n on_o the_o creed_n art_n 4._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o comitia_fw-la according_a to_o sigonius_n definition_n be_v general_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n lawful_o call_v by_o some_o magistrate_n for_o the_o enjoyment_n or_o prohibition_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o their_o vote_n 17._o vote_n sigon_n de_fw-fr antiq_fw-la jure_fw-la civ_o romanorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 17._o the_o proper_a comitia_fw-la be_v of_o three_o sort_n curiata_fw-la genturiata_n and_o tributa_fw-la with_o reference_n to_o the_o three_o grand_a division_n of_o the_o city_n and_o people_n into_o curiae_fw-la century_n and_o tribe_n for_o by_o comitia_fw-la calata_n which_o we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n in_o elder_a time_n be_v mean_v all_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n the_o word_n calata_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o calo_n be_v their_o common_a epithet_n though_o it_o be_v at_o last_o restrain_v to_o two_o sort_n of_o assembly_n those_o for_o the_o creation_n of_o priest_n and_o those_o for_o the_o inspection_n and_o regulation_n of_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n 27._o testament_n a._n gell._n lib._n 15._o cap._n 27._o the_o comitia_fw-la curiata_fw-la owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o division_n which_o romulus_n make_v of_o the_o people_n into_o thirty_o curiae_fw-la ten_o be_v contain_v under_o every_o tribe_n they_o answer_v in_o most_o respect_n to_o the_o parish_n in_o our_o city_n be_v not_o only_o separate_v by_o proper_a bound_n and_o limit_n but_o distinguish_v too_o by_o their_o different_a place_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o divine_a service_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o particular_a priest_n one_o to_o every_o curia_n with_o the_o name_n of_o curiones_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la all_o the_o grand_a concern_v of_o the_o state_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o curia_n as_o the_o election_n of_o king_n and_o other_o chief_a officer_n the_o make_n and_o abrogate_a of_o law_n and_o the_o adjudge_v of_o capital_a cause_n after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o king_n when_o the_o commons_o have_v obtain_v the_o privilege_n to_o have_v tribune_n and_o aedile_n they_o elect_v they_o for_o some_o time_n at_o these_o assembly_n but_o that_o ceremony_n be_v at_o length_n transfer_v to_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o curiae_fw-la be_v never_o convene_v to_o give_v their_o vote_n except_o now_o and_o then_o upon_o account_n of_o make_v some_o particular_a law_n relate_v to_o adoption_n will_n and_o testament_n or_o the_o creation_n of_o officer_n for_o a_o expedition_n or_o for_o the_o elect_v of_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n as_o the_o flamen_v and_o the_o curio_n maximus_fw-la or_o superintendant_n of_o the_o curiones_n who_o themselves_o be_v choose_v by_o every_o particular_a curia_n the_o power_n of_o call_v these_o assembly_n belong_v at_o first_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o democracy_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o sometime_o to_o the_o pontifices_fw-la the_o person_n who_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o vote_v here_o be_v such_o roman_a citizen_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o curiae_fw-la or_o such_o as_o actual_o live_v in_o the_o city_n and_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n and_o rite_n of_o their_o proper_a curia_n all_o those_o be_v exclude_v who_o dwell_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o city_n retain_v the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o
own_o country_n though_o they_o have_v be_v honour_v with_o the_o jus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la or_o admit_v free_a citizen_n of_o rome_n 1._o rome_n sigon_n de_fw-fr antiq._n jure_fw-la provinc_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o the_o place_n where_o the_o curiae_fw-la meet_v be_v the_o comitium_n a_o part_n of_o the_o forum_n describe_v before_o 5._o before_o see_v part_n ii_o book_n 1._o cap._n 5._o no_o set_v time_n be_v allot_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o comitia_fw-la but_o only_o as_o business_n require_v the_o people_n be_v meet_v together_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o report_n of_o good_a omen_n from_o the_o augur_n which_o be_v necessary_a in_o all_o the_o assembly_n the_o rogatio_fw-la or_o business_n to_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o be_v public_o read_v after_o this_o if_o none_o of_o the_o magistrate_n interpose_v upon_o the_o order_n of_o he_o that_o preside_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la the_o people_n divide_v into_o their_o proper_a curia_n and_o consult_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o then_o the_o curia_n be_v call_v out_o as_o it_o happen_v by_o lot_n give_v their_o vote_n man_n by_o man_n in_o ancient_a time_n viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la and_o afterward_o by_o tablet_n tabellae_fw-la tabellae_fw-la the_o most_o vote_n in_o every_o curia_fw-la go_v for_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o whole_a curia_n and_o the_o most_o curiae_fw-la for_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n 7._o people_n â—â—siâ—_n lib._n 7_o cap._n 7._o the_o comitia_fw-la centuriata_fw-la be_v institute_v by_o servius_n tullius_n who_o oblige_v every_o one_o to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o what_o they_o be_v worth_a according_a to_o those_o account_n divide_v the_o people_n into_o six_o rank_n or_o class_n which_o he_o subdivide_v into_o 193_o century_n the_o first_o classis_fw-la contain_v the_o equites_fw-la and_o rich_a citizen_n consist_v of_o ninety_o eight_o century_n the_o second_o take_v in_o the_o tradesman_n and_o mechanic_n make_v up_o two_o and_o twenty_o century_n the_o three_o the_o same_o number_n the_o four_o twenty_o the_o five_o thirty_o and_o the_o last_o fill_v up_o with_o the_o poor_a sort_n have_v but_o one_o century_n 4._o century_n see_v diony_n lib._n 4._o person_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o pre-eminence_n have_v the_o name_n of_o classici_fw-la whence_o come_v the_o phrase_n of_o classici_fw-la authores_fw-la for_o the_o most_o approve_a writer_n all_o other_o of_o what_o classis_fw-la soever_o be_v say_v to_o be_v infra_fw-la classem_fw-la 13._o classem_fw-la a._n gell._n lib._n 7._o chap._n 13._o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n by_o century_n be_v hold_v for_o the_o elect_n of_o consul_n censor_n and_o praetor_n as_o also_o for_o the_o judge_n of_o person_n accuse_v of_o what_o they_o call_v crimen_fw-la perduellionis_fw-la or_o action_n by_o which_o the_o party_n have_v show_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o all_o such_o law_n as_o be_v propose_v by_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n and_o which_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o call_v these_o assembly_n the_o place_n appoint_v for_o their_o meeting_n be_v the_o campus_n martius_n because_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o they_o be_v under_o continual_a apprehension_n of_o enemy_n the_o people_n to_o prevent_v any_o sudden_a assault_n when_o arm_v in_o martial_a order_n to_o hold_v these_o assembly_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o city_n because_o a_o army_n be_v upon_o no_o account_n to_o be_v martial_v within_o the_o wall_n yet_o in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o place_v a_o body_n of_o soldier_n as_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o janiculum_n where_o a_o imperial_a standard_n be_v erect_v the_o take_v down_o of_o which_o denote_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la though_o the_o time_n of_o these_o comitia_fw-la for_o other_o matter_n be_v undetermined_a yet_o the_o magistrate_n after_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 601._o when_o they_o begin_v to_o enter_v on_o their_o place_n the_o kalend_n of_o january_n be_v constant_o design_v about_o the_o end_n of_o july_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o august_n all_o the_o time_n between_o their_o election_n and_o confirmation_n they_o continue_v as_o private_a person_n that_o inquisition_n may_v be_v make_v into_o the_o election_n and_o the_o other_o candidate_n may_v have_v time_n to_o enter_v objection_n if_o they_o meet_v with_o any_o suspicion_n of_o foul_a deal_n yet_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o censor_n this_o custom_n do_v not_o hold_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v pronounce_v elect_v they_o be_v immediate_o invest_v with_o the_o honour_n 40._o honour_n livy_n lib._n 40._o by_o the_o institution_n of_o these_o comitia_fw-la servius_n tullius_n secret_o convey_v the_o whole_a power_n from_o the_o commons_o for_o the_o century_n of_o the_o first_o and_o rich_a class_n be_v call_v out_o first_o who_o be_v three_o more_o in_o number_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n put_v together_o if_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o general_o they_o do_v the_o business_n be_v already_o decide_v and_o the_o other_o class_n be_v needless_a and_o insignificant_a however_o the_o three_o last_v scarce_o ever_o come_v to_o vote_n 4._o vote_n diony_n lib._n 4._o the_o commons_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o free_a state_n to_o rectify_v this_o disadvantage_n obtain_v that_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o vote_v any_o matter_n at_o these_o comitia_fw-la that_o century_n shall_v give_v their_o suffrage_n first_o upon_o who_o it_o fall_v by_o lot_n with_o the_o name_n of_o centuris_n prerogativa_n the_o rest_n be_v to_o follow_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o their_o classis_fw-la after_o the_o constitute_n of_o the_o five_o and_o thirty_o tribe_n into_o which_o the_o class_n and_o their_o century_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o tribe_n cast_v lot_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o prerogative-tribe_n and_o then_o the_o century_n of_o that_o tribe_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o prerogative-century_n all_o the_o other_o tribe_n and_o century_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o jure_fw-la vocatae_fw-la because_o they_o be_v call_v out_o according_a to_o their_o proper_a place_n the_o prerogative-century_n be_v choose_v by_o lot_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n sit_v in_o a_o tabernaculum_fw-la a_o tabernaculum_fw-la tent_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o campus_n martius_n order_v that_o century_n to_o come_v out_o and_o give_v their_o voice_n upon_o which_o they_o present_o separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o multitude_n and_o come_v into_o a_o enclose_v apartment_n which_o they_o term_v septa_fw-la or_o ovilia_fw-la pass_v over_o the_o pontes_n or_o narrow_a board_n lay_v there_o for_o the_o occasion_n on_o which_o account_n de_fw-fr ponte_n dejici_fw-la be_v to_o be_v deny_v the_o privilege_n of_o vote_v at_o the_o hither_o end_n of_o the_o pontes_n stand_v the_o diribitore_n a_o sort_n of_o under-officer_n call_v so_o from_o divide_v or_o martial_v the_o people_n and_o deliver_v to_o every_o man_n in_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n as_o many_o tablet_n as_o there_o appear_v candidate_n tabellae_fw-la tabellae_fw-la one_o of_o who_o name_n be_v write_v upon_o every_o tablet_n a_o fit_a number_n of_o great_a chest_n be_v set_v ready_a in_o the_o septa_fw-la and_o every_o body_n throw_v in_o which_o tablet_n he_o please_v by_o the_o chest_n be_v place_v some_o of_o the_o public_a servant_n who_o take_v out_o the_o tablet_n of_o every_o century_n for_o every_o tablet_n make_v a_o prick_n or_o a_o point_n in_o another_o table_n which_o they_o keep_v by_o they_o thus_o the_o business_n be_v decide_v by_o most_o point_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o phrase_n of_o omne_fw-la tulit_fw-la punctum_fw-la a_o and_o the_o like_a the_o same_o method_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o judiciary_n process_n at_o these_o comitia_fw-la and_o in_o the_o confirmation_n of_o law_n except_o that_o in_o both_o these_o case_n only_o two_o tablet_n be_v offer_v to_o every_o person_n on_o one_o of_o which_o be_v write_v v._o r._n and_o on_o the_o other_o a._n in_o capital_a letter_n the_o two_o first_o stand_v for_o uti_fw-la rogas_fw-la or_o be_v it_o as_o you_o desire_v relate_v to_o the_o magistrate_n who_o propose_v the_o question_n and_o the_o last_o for_o antiquo_fw-la or_o i_o forbid_v it_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o in_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o in_o the_o ratification_n of_o law_n the_o vote_n of_o that_o century_n who_o tablet_n be_v equal_o divide_v signify_v nothing_o yet_o in_o trial_n of_o life_n and_o death_n if_o the_o tablet_n pro_fw-la and_z con_fw-mi be_v the_o same_o in_o number_n the_o person_n be_v actual_o acquit_v 7._o acquit_v diony_n lib._n 7._o the_o division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o tribe_n be_v a_o invention_n of_o romulus_n after_o he_o have_v admit_v the_o sabine_n into_o
etc._n etc._n semproniae_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o command_a that_o no_o capital_a judgement_n shall_v be_v make_v upon_o a_o citizen_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n and_o make_v several_a other_o regulation_n in_o this_o affair_n etc._n affair_n cic._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la pro_fw-la cluentio_fw-la etc._n etc._n papia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la peregrinis_fw-la the_o author_n c._n papius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 688._o command_a that_o all_o stranger_n shall_v be_v expel_v rome_n balbo_n rome_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n junia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n junius_n pennus_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n and_o a_o forbid_a that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n 3._o citizen_n cic._n offic._n lib._n 3._o servilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n servilius_n glaucia_n ordain_v that_o if_o any_o latin_a accuse_v a_o roman_a senator_n so_o that_o he_o be_v convict_v the_o accuser_n shall_v be_v honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n balbo_n rome_n ascon_n in_o orat._n pro_fw-la scauro_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n licinia_n mutia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n licinius_n crassus_n and_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n in_o their_o consulship_n a._n 658._o order_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o italy_n to_o be_v enroll_v in_o the_o list_n of_o citizen_n in_o their_o own_o proper_a city_n balbo_n city_n cic._n de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o &_o pro_fw-la balbo_n livia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la sociis_fw-la in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 662._o m._n livins_n drusus_n propose_v a_o law_n to_o make_v all_o the_o italian_n free_a denizen_n of_o rome_n but_o before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v vote_v he_o be_v find_v murder_v in_o his_o house_n the_o author_n unknown_a 3._o unknown_a flor._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 17._o cic._n the_o lag_a lib._n 3._o varia_n lex_fw-la upon_o the_o death_n of_o drusus_n the_o knight_n prevail_v with_o his_o colleague_n q._n varius_n hybrida_n to_o bring_v in_o a_o bill_n for_o the_o prosecute_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v be_v discover_v to_o have_v assist_v the_o italian_a people_n in_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n 6._o city_n cic._n in_o bruto_fw-la val._n max._n lib._n 8._o cap._n 6._o julia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la the_o next_o year_n upon_o the_o revolt_n of_o several_a state_n in_o italy_n which_o they_o call_v the_o social_n war_n l._n julius_n caesar_n the_o consul_n make_v a_o law_n that_o all_o those_o people_n who_o have_v continue_v firm_a to_o the_o roman_a interest_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n balbo_n citizen_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 664._o upon_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o war_n all_o the_o italian_a people_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o roll_n of_o free_a denizen_n and_o divide_v into_o eight_o new_a tribe_n 1._o tribe_n appian_n lib._n 1._o sylvani_n &_o carbonis_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n sylvanus_n and_o carbo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o year_n 664._o ordain_v that_o any_o person_n who_o have_v be_v admit_v free_a denizen_n of_o any_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n and_o have_v a_o dwelling_n in_o italy_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v this_o law_n and_o have_v carry_v in_o their_o name_n to_o the_o praetor_n in_o sixty_o day_n time_n shall_v have_v the_o privilege_n of_o citizen_n of_o rome_n archia_fw-la rome_n cic._n pro._n archia_fw-la sulpitia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpitius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 665._o ordain_v that_o the_o new_a citizen_n who_o compose_v the_o eight_o tribe_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o thirty_o five_o old_a tribe_n as_o a_o great_a honour_n 77._o honour_n plut._n in_o sylla_n epit._n liv._o 77._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n silvius_n a._n 670._o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a law_n to_o please_v the_o italian_a confederate_n 86._o confederate_n epit._n liv._o 86._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la de_fw-la municipiis_fw-la the_o author_n the_o same_o silvius_n in_o hâ—s_n dictatorship_n take_v away_o the_o privilege_n former_o grant_v to_o the_o corporate_a town_n from_o as_o many_o as_o have_v assist_v marius_n cinna_n sulpicius_n or_o any_o of_o the_o contrary_a faction_n suâ_fw-la faction_n cic._n pro_fw-la domo_fw-la suâ_fw-la gellia_n cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n gellius_n poplicola_n and_o cn._n cornelius_n lentulus_n a._n 681._o ordain_v that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o pompey_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n have_v honour_v with_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o city_n shall_v actual_o keep_v that_o liberty_n balbo_n liberty_n cic._n pro_fw-la balbo_n chap._n xxiv_o law_n concern_v meeting_n and_o assembly_n aelia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o in_o all_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n the_o augur_n shall_v make_v observation_n from_o the_o heaven_n and_o that_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v have_v the_o power_n of_o declare_v against_o the_o proceed_n and_o of_o interpose_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o any_o matter_n fusia_n lex_fw-la ordain_v that_o upon_o some_o certain_a day_n though_o they_o be_v fasti_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v unlawful_a to_o transact_v any_o thing_n in_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o people_n the_o author_n of_o these_o two_o law_n be_v unknown_a but_o p._n manutius_n conjecture_n that_o the_o first_o be_v owe_v to_o q._n aelius_n paetus_n consul_n with_o m._n junius_n pennus_n a._n 586._o the_o other_o to_o p._n furius_n or_o fusius_fw-la consul_n with_o s._n attilius_n sâ—rranus_n a._n 617._o the_o law_n themselves_o occur_v frequent_o in_o writer_n clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 695._o contain_v a_o abrogation_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o former_a law_n and_o order_v that_o no_o observation_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la and_o that_o on_o any_o of_o the_o die_v fasti_fw-la law_n may_v be_v enact_v in_o a_o public_a assembly_n pâ—sâ—manars_n assembly_n asâ—â—_n in_o pâ—sâ—manars_n curia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n curius_n dentatus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 454._o ordain_v that_o not_o comitia_fw-la shall_v be_v convene_v for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n ut_fw-la ante_fw-la comitia_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la patres_fw-la anctores_fw-la fierent_fw-la oratoribuâ—_n fierent_fw-la cic._n the_o clarie_n oratoribuâ—_n claudia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n claudius_n marcellus_n consul_n with_o seru._n sulpitius_n rufus_n a._n 702._o order_v that_o at_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n no_o account_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o the_o absent_a julio_n absent_a suet._n in_o julio_n gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n a._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 614._o command_a that_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la for_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n the_o people_n shall_v not_o give_v their_o suffrage_n viuà _fw-fr voce_fw-mi but_o by_o tablet_n for_o the_o great_a freedom_n and_o impartiality_n of_o the_o proceed_n 3._o proceed_n cic._n de_fw-fr amicit._n &_o pro_fw-la plancio_n &_o de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o cassia_n lex_n enact_v about_o two_o year_n after_o command_a that_o in_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la tributa_fw-la the_o vote_n shall_v be_v give_v in_o a_o free_a manner_n that_o be_v by_o tabler_n laelio_n tabler_n cic._n in_o laelio_n papiria_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n papirius_n carbo_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 621._o ordain_v that_o in_o the_o comitia_fw-la about_o the_o pass_a or_o reject_v of_o law_n the_o suffrage_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o tablet_n 3._o tablet_n cic._n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o celia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n coelius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 635_o ordain_v that_o in_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n before_o the_o people_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o have_v be_v except_v by_o the_o cassian_n law_n the_o vote_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o tablet_n ibid._n tablet_n id._n ibid._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o the_o former_a order_v that_o the_o century_n shall_v be_v choose_v out_o by_o lot_n to_o give_v their_o vote_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o class_n casarem_fw-la class_n sallust_n in_o orat._n 2._o ad_fw-la casarem_fw-la maria_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n marius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 634._o order_v the_o bridge_n or_o long_a plank_n on_o which_o the_o people_n stand_v in_o the_o comitia_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n to_o be_v make_v narrow_a that_o no_o other_o person_n may_v stand_v there_o to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n by_o appeal_n or_o other_o disturbance_n mario_n disturbance_n cic._n de_fw-fr leg._n lib._n 3._o plut._n in_o mario_n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 565._o ordain_v
jugurth_n chap._n xxx_o law_n relate_v to_o corn._n sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n not_o t._n sempronius_n gracchus_n as_o rosinus_n have_v it_o ordain_v that_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o corn_n shall_v be_v distribute_v every_o month_n among_o the_o commons_o so_o much_o to_o every_o man_n for_o which_o they_o be_v only_o to_o pay_v the_o small_a consideration_n of_o a_o semissis_fw-la and_o a_o triens_fw-la 〈◊〉_d triens_fw-la fler._n epit._n lau._n lib._n 60._o vâ—l._n pat._n lib._n 2_o 〈◊〉_d terentia_n cassia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n terentius_n varro_n lucullus_n and_o c._n cassius_n consul_n a._n 680._o ordain_v that_o the_o same_o set_a price_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o all_o corn_n buy_v up_o in_o the_o province_n to_o hinder_v the_o exaction_n of_o the_o quaster_n 5._o quaster_n 〈◊〉_d in_o verrin_n 5._o clodia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n clodius_n triâ—â—â—e_v of_o the_o câ—mmâ—ns_n a._n 695._o ordain_v that_o those_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v former_o sell_v to_o the_o poor_a people_n at_o six_o ass_n and_o a_o triens_fw-la the_o bushel_n shall_v be_v distribute_v among_o they_o gratis_o etc._n gratis_o cicero_n pro_fw-la sextio_fw-la in_o pison_n etc._n etc._n hierenica_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n hiero_n tyrant_n of_o sicily_n regulate_v the_o affair_n between_o the_o farmer_n and_o the_o decumani_fw-la or_o gatherer_n of_o the_o corn-tax_n which_o because_o it_o consist_v of_o a_o ten_o part_n they_o call_v decumae_fw-la ordain_v the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n the_o price_n and_o the_o time_n of_o receive_v it_o which_o for_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o the_o roman_n still_o continue_v in_o force_n after_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o island_n 4._o island_n cicero_n in_o verr._n 4._o chap._n xxxi_o law_n for_o the_o regulate_v of_o expense_n orchia_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n orchius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 566._o define_v the_o number_n of_o guest_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o entertainment_n 14._o entertainment_n macreb_n saturn_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 14._o fannia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n fannius_n consul_n a._n 588._o ordain_v that_o upon_o the_o high_a festival_n no_o person_n shall_v expend_v more_o than_o a_o hundred_o ass_n in_o a_o day_n on_o ten_o other_o day_n in_o every_o month_n thirty_o ass_n and_o at_o all_o other_o time_n ten_o 24._o ten_o ibid._n &_o agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o didia_n lex_fw-la enact_v about_o eighteen_o year_n after_o the_o former_a ordain_v that_o the_o law_n for_o regulate_a expense_n shall_v reach_v all_o the_o italian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o master_n of_o extravagant_a treat_v but_o the_o guest_n too_o shall_v incur_v a_o penalty_n for_o their_o offence_n ibid._n offence_n ibid._n lex_fw-la licinia_n the_o author_n p._n licinius_n crassus_n the_o rich_a agree_v in_o most_o particular_n with_o the_o fanman_n law_n and_o far_o prescribe_v that_o on_o the_o kalend_n nones_n and_o nundinae_fw-la thirty_o ass_n shall_v be_v the_o most_o that_o be_v spend_v at_o any_o table_n and_o that_o on_o ordinary_a day_n which_o be_v not_o particular_o except_v mss._n caro_fw-la arida_fw-la opponitur_fw-la salsamento_fw-la casaubon_n adagell_a notae_fw-la mss._n there_o shall_v be_v spend_v only_o three_o pound_n of_o dry_a flesh_n and_o one_o pound_n of_o salt_n meat_n but_o allow_v as_o much_o as_o every_o body_n please_v of_o any_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n 24._o ground_n ibid._n &_o agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o cornelia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n cornelius_n sylla_n enact_v not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o retrench_a of_o extravagant_a treat_v as_o for_o the_o impose_v a_o low_a price_n on_o provision_n 24._o provision_n agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 24._o aemilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n m._n aemilius_n lepidus_n consul_n about_o a._n 675_o respect_v the_o particular_a sort_n of_o meat_n in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n and_o state_v the_o just_a quantity_n allowable_a of_o every_o kind_n ibid._n kind_n ibid._n antia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n one_o antius_n restio_n a_o far_a essay_n towards_o the_o suppression_n of_o luxury_n the_o particular_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o but_o macrobius_n give_v we_o this_o remarkable_a story_n of_o the_o author_n that_o find_v his_o constitution_n to_o be_v of_o very_o little_a force_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a head_n that_o prodigality_n and_o extravagance_n have_v gain_v in_o the_o city_n he_o never_o afterward_o sup_v abroad_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v for_o fear_v he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o contempt_n of_o his_o own_o injunction_n without_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o punish_v it_o agell_a it_o macrob._n &_o agell_a julia_n lex_fw-la prefer_v in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n allow_v two_o hundred_o sestertii_fw-la for_o provision_n on_o the_o dies_fw-la profesti_fw-la three_o hundred_o on_o the_o common_a festival_n in_o the_o calendar_n and_o a_o thousand_o at_o marriage-feast_n and_o such_o extraordinary_a entertainment_n agell_a entertainment_n agell_a agellius_n far_a add_v that_o he_o find_v in_o a_o old_a author_n a_o edict_n either_o of_o augustus_n or_o tiberius_n he_o be_v uncertain_a which_o raise_v the_o allowance_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o festival_n from_o three_o hundred_o to_o two_o thousand_o sestertii_fw-la ibid._n sestertii_fw-la ibid._n hither_o may_v be_v refer_v the_o lex_fw-la oppia_n the_o author_n c._n opius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 540._o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v have_v above_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n wear_v a_o particoloured_a garment_n or_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o chariot_n in_o any_o city_n town_n or_o to_o any_o place_n within_o a_o miles_n distance_n unless_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o celebrate_v some_o sacred_a solemnity_n 3._o solemnity_n livy_n lib._n 34._o tac._n ann._n 3._o chap._n xxxii_o law_n relate_v to_o martial_a affair_n sacrata_fw-la lex_fw-la militaris_fw-la the_o author_n probable_o m._n valerius_n corvus_n dictator_n a._n 411._o ordain_v that_o no_o soldier_n name_n which_o have_v be_v enter_v in_o the_o musterroll_n shall_v be_v strike_v out_o unless_o by_o the_o party_n consent_n and_o that_o no_o person_n who_o have_v be_v military_a tribune_n shall_v execute_v the_o office_n of_o ductor_n ordinum_fw-la 7._o ordinum_fw-la liv._o lib._n 7._o sempronia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n sempronius_n gracchus_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 630._o ordain_v that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v receive_v their_o clothes_n gratis_o at_o the_o public_a charge_n without_o any_o diminution_n of_o their_o ordinary_a pay_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o army_n who_o be_v not_o full_a seventeen_o year_n old_a graâ—ch_n old_a plutarch_n in_o c._n graâ—ch_n maria_n porcia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n l._n marius_n and_o m._n porcius_n cato_n tribunes_z of_o the_o commons_o a._n 691._o ordain_v that_o a_o penalty_n shall_v be_v inflict_v on_o such_o commander_n as_o write_v false_o to_o the_o senate_n about_o the_o number_n of_o the_o slay_v on_o the_o enemy_n side_n and_o of_o their_o own_o party_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v oblige_v when_o they_o first_o enter_v the_o city_n to_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o the_o quaestor_n that_o the_o number_n which_o they_o return_v be_v true_a according_a to_o the_o est_fw-fr computation_n 8._o computation_n valâ—r_fw-fr max._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o sulpicia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n p._n sulpicius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 665._o ordain_v that_o the_o chief_a command_n in_o the_o mithridatick_a war_n which_o be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o l._n sylla_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o confer_v on_o c._n marius_n etc._n marius_n vell._n patere_fw-la lib._n 2._o florus_n epit._n 77._o plutarch_n in_o sylla_n &_o marto_n etc._n etc._n gabinia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n a._n gabinius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 685._o ordain_v that_o a_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v to_o cn._n pompey_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o pirate_n for_o three_o year_n with_o this_o particular_a clause_n that_o upon_o all_o the_o sea_n on_o this_o side_n hercules_n his_o pillar_n and_o in_o the_o maritime_a province_n as_o far_o as_o 400_o stadia_fw-la from_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v empower_v to_o command_v king_n governor_n and_o state_n to_o supply_v he_o with_o all_o necessary_n in_o the_o expedition_n senat._n expedition_n asconius_n in_o cornelian_a vell._n paterc_n lib._n 2._o plutarch_n in_o pomp._n cicero_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la maniliâ_fw-la &_o post_fw-la reditum_fw-la in_o senat._n manilia_n lex_fw-la the_o author_n c._n manilius_n tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o a._n 687._o ordain_v that_o all_o the_o force_n of_o lucullus_n and_o the_o province_n under_o his_o government_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o pompey_n
a_o review_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o augustus_n particular_o restore_v the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o transvectio_fw-la which_o have_v before_o be_v discontinue_v for_o some_o time_n chap._n iii_o the_o military_a oath_n and_o the_o levy_n of_o the_o confederate_n the_o levy_n be_v finish_v the_o tribune_n of_o every_o legion_n choose_v out_o one_o who_o they_o think_v the_o fit_a person_n and_o give_v he_o a_o solemn_a oath_n at_o large_a the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v oblige_v himself_o to_o obey_v the_o commander_n in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n be_v ready_a to_o attend_v whenever_o they_o order_v his_o appearance_n and_o never_o to_o leave_v the_o army_n but_o by_o their_o consent_n after_o he_o have_v end_v the_o whole_a legion_n pass_v one_o by_o one_o every_o man_n in_o short_a swear_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n cry_v as_o he_o go_v by_o idem_fw-la in_o i_o this_o and_o some_o other_o oath_n be_v so_o essential_a to_o the_o military_a state_n that_o juvenal_n use_v the_o word_n sacramenta_fw-la for_o milites_fw-la or_o militia_n sat._n 16._o praemia_fw-la nune_n alia_fw-la atque_fw-la alia_fw-la emolumenta_fw-la notemus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la as_o to_o the_o raise_v the_o confederate_a troop_n polybius_n inform_v we_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o the_o levy_n be_v make_v in_o rome_n the_o consul_n give_v notice_n to_o the_o city_n of_o the_o ally_n in_o italy_n intimate_v the_o number_n of_o force_n they_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o borrow_v of_o they_o together_o with_o the_o time_n and_o place_n when_o and_o where_o they_o will_v have_v they_o make_v their_o rendezvous_n the_o state_n according_o convene_v their_o man_n and_z choose_v out_o their_o desire_a number_n give_v they_o a_o oath_n and_o assign_v they_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a and_o a_o paymaster_n general_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o polybius_n all_o italy_n be_v indeed_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_n yet_o no_o state_n or_o people_n in_o it_o have_v be_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n retain_v for_o the_o generality_n their_o old_a governor_n and_o law_n and_o be_v term_v secii_fw-la or_o confederate_n but_o after_o all_o the_o italian_n be_v not_o only_o divide_v into_o separate_a province_n but_o afterward_o honour_v with_o the_o jus_o civitatis_fw-la the_o name_n of_o sociâ—_n cease_v all_o the_o native_n of_o italy_n be_v account_v roman_n and_o therefore_o instead_o of_o the_o social_a troop_n the_o auxilia_fw-la be_v afterward_o procure_v which_o be_v careful_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o former_a they_o be_v send_v by_o foreign_a state_n and_o prince_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n or_o general_n and_o be_v allow_v a_o set_a pay_n from_o the_o republic_n whereas_o the_o socii_fw-la receive_v no_o consideration_n for_o their_o service_n but_o a_o distribution_n of_o corn._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o evocati_fw-la the_o most_o eminent_a degree_n of_o soldier_n be_v the_o evocati_fw-la take_v as_o well_o out_o of_o ally_n as_o citizen_n out_o of_o horse_n as_o foot_n not_o by_o force_n but_o at_o the_o request_n and_o entreaty_n of_o the_o consul_n or_o other_o officer_n for_o which_o purpose_n letter_n be_v common_o dispatch_v to_o every_o particular_a man_n who_o they_o design_v thus_o to_o invite_v into_o their_o service_n these_o be_v old_a experience_a soldier_n and_o general_o such_o as_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o legal_a time_n or_o have_v receive_v particular_a mark_n of_o favour_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o valour_n on_o which_o account_n they_o be_v style_v emeriti_fw-la and_o beneficiarii_fw-la searce_v any_o war_n be_v undertake_v but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o be_v invite_v into_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v reckon_v almost_o equal_a with_o the_o centurion_n in_o the_o field_n they_o usual_o guard_v the_o chief_a standard_n be_v excuse_v from_o all_o the_o military_a drudgery_n of_o stand_v on_o the_o watch_n labour_v in_o the_o work_n and_o other_o servile_a employment_n the_o emperor_n galba_n give_v the_o same_o name_n of_o evocati_fw-la to_o a_o select_a band_n of_o young_a gentleman_n of_o the_o equestrian_a rank_n who_o he_o keep_v as_o a_o guard_n to_o his_o palace_n 10._o palace_n suâ—ton_n in_o galb_n cap._n 10._o chap._n v._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o their_o division_n into_o manipuli_fw-la cohort_n and_o legion_n the_o whole_a roman_a infantry_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o sort_n velite_n hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n the_o velite_n be_v common_o some_o of_o the_o tyro_n or_o young_a soldier_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o light_o arm_v they_o have_v their_o name_n à _fw-la volando_fw-la or_o à _fw-la velocitate_fw-la from_o their_o swiftness_n and_o expedition_n they_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o any_o distinct_a body_n or_o company_n but_o to_o have_v hover_v in_o loose_a order_n before_o the_o army_n the_o hastati_fw-la be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o use_v in_o ancient_a time_n to_o fight_v with_o spear_n which_o be_v afterward_o lay_v aside_o as_o incommodious_a these_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o next_o in_o age_n to_o the_o velite_n the_o principes_fw-la be_v general_o man_n of_o middle_a age_n and_o of_o great_a vigour_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la they_o use_v to_o begin_v the_o fight_n whence_o they_o borrow_a their_o name_n the_o triarii_n be_v common_o veteran_n or_o hardy_a old_a soldier_n of_o long_a experience_n and_o approve_a valour_n they_o have_v their_o name_n from_o their_o position_n be_v marshal_v in_o the_o three_o place_n as_o the_o main_a strength_n and_o hope_n of_o their_o party_n they_o be_v sometime_o call_v pilarii_n from_o their_o weapon_n the_o pila_fw-la every_o one_o of_o these_o grand_a division_n except_o the_o velite_n compose_v thirty_o manipuli_fw-la or_o company_n every_o manipulus_fw-la make_v two_o century_n or_o ordines_fw-la three_o manipuli_fw-la one_o of_o the_o hastati_fw-la another_o of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o a_o three_o of_o the_o triarii_n compose_v a_o cohort_n among_o these_o one_o be_v fill_v with_o some_o of_o the_o choice_a soldier_n and_o officer_n obtain_v the_o honourable_a title_n of_o prima_fw-la cohors_fw-la we_o meet_v too_o with_o the_o praetoria_n cohors_fw-la institute_v by_o scipio_n numantinus_n select_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o the_o evocati_fw-la or_o reformade_n and_o oblige_v only_o to_o attend_v on_o the_o praetor_n or_o general_n and_o this_o give_v original_a to_o the_o praetoriani_fw-la the_o lifeguard_n of_o the_o emperor_n ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n the_o exact_a number_n of_o foot_n in_o such_o a_o battalion_n romulus_n fix_v at_o three_o thousand_o though_o plutarch_n assure_v we_o that_o after_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o sabine_n into_o rome_n he_o increase_v it_o to_o six_o thousand_o the_o common_a number_n afterward_o in_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o free_a state_n be_v four_o thousand_o in_o the_o war_n with_o hannibal_n it_o arise_v to_o five_o thousand_o after_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o sink_v to_o about_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o again_o which_o be_v the_o number_n in_o the_o time_n of_o polybius_n in_o the_o age_n of_o julius_n caesar_n we_o do_v find_v any_o legion_n exceed_v the_o polybian_a number_n of_o man_n and_o he_o himself_o express_o speak_v of_o two_o legion_n that_o do_v not_o make_v above_o seven_o thousand_o between_o they_o â—_o they_o commentar_n lib._n 5._o â—_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n keep_v in_o pay_n together_o be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o various_a time_n and_o occasion_n during_o the_o free_a state_n four_o legion_n be_v common_o fit_v up_o every_o year_n and_o divide_v between_o the_o two_o consul_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o no_o less_o than_o sixteen_o or_o eighteen_o in_o livy_n augustus_n maintain_v a_o stand_a army_n of_o twenty_o three_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o twenty_o five_o legion_n but_o in_o aftertime_n we_o seldom_o find_v so_o many_o they_o borrow_a their_o name_n from_o the_o order_n in_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v as_o prima_fw-la secunda_fw-la tertia_fw-la but_o because_o it_o usual_o happen_v that_o there_o be_v several_a primae_fw-la secundae_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o several_a place_n upon_o that_o account_n they_o take_v a_o sort_n of_o surname_n beside_o either_o from_o the_o emperor_n who_o first_o constitute_v they_o as_o augusta_n claudiana_n galbiana_n flavia_n vlpia_n trajana_n antoniana_n or_o from_o the_o province_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v chief_o by_o their_o valour_n as_o parthica_n scythica_n gallica_n arabica_n etc._n etc._n or_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o particular_a deity_n for_o who_o their_o commander_n have_v a_o especial_a honour_n
as_o minervia_n and_o apollinaris_n or_o from_o the_o region_n where_o they_o have_v their_o quarter_n as_o fretensis_fw-la cyrenica_n britannica_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o sometime_o upon_o account_n of_o lesser_a accident_n as_o adjutrix_fw-la martia_n fulminatrix_n rapax_fw-la etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o the_o division_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n the_o horse_n require_v to_o every_o legion_n be_v three_o hundred_o divide_v into_o ten_o turmae_fw-la or_o troop_n thirty_o to_o a_o troop_n every_o turma_fw-la make_v three_o decuriae_fw-la or_o body_n of_o ten_o men._n this_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o they_o term_v iustùs_fw-la equitatus_fw-la and_o be_v understand_v as_o often_o as_o we_o meet_v with_o legio_n cum_fw-la svo_fw-la equitatu_fw-la or_o legio_n cum_fw-la justo_fw-la equitatu_fw-la and_o though_o we_o now_o and_o then_o find_v a_o different_a number_n as_o two_o hundred_o in_o a_o place_n or_o two_o of_o livy_n and_o caesar_n yet_o we_o must_v suppose_v this_o alteration_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o some_o extraordinary_a cause_n and_o consequent_o to_o be_v of_o no_o authority_n against_o the_o common_a current_n of_o history_n the_o foreign_a troop_n under_o which_o we_o may_v comprise_v the_o socii_fw-la and_o auxiliary_n be_v not_o divide_v as_o the_o citizen_n into_o legion_n but_o first_o into_o two_o great_a body_n term_v alae_n or_o cornua_fw-la and_o those_o again_o into_o company_n usual_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o of_o the_o roman_n though_o as_o to_o this_o we_o have_v little_a light_n in_o history_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a importance_n we_o may_v further_o remark_n that_o the_o force_n which_o the_o roman_n borrow_a of_o the_o confederate_a state_n be_v equal_a to_o their_o own_o in_o foot_n and_o double_a in_o horse_n though_o by_o dispose_v and_o divide_v they_o with_o great_a policy_n and_o caution_n they_o prevent_v any_o design_n that_o they_o may_v possible_o entertain_v against_o the_o natural_a force_n for_o about_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o foreign_a horse_n and_o a_o five_o of_o the_o foot_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n under_o the_o name_n of_o extraordinarii_fw-la and_o a_o more_o choice_a part_n of_o those_o with_o the_o title_n of_o ablecti_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o auxiliary_a force_n be_v common_o honour_v with_o the_o name_n and_o constitution_n of_o legion_n though_o the_o more_o ancient_a appellation_n of_o alae_n frequent_o occur_v they_o be_v call_v alae_n from_o their_o position_n in_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v expect_v sometime_o to_o find_v the_o same_o name_n apply_v to_o the_o roman_a soldier_n when_o they_o happen_v to_o have_v the_o same_o station_n chap._n vii_o the_o officer_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n with_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o confederate_a force_n the_o military_a officer_n may_v be_v divide_v according_a to_o lipsius_n into_o proper_a and_o common_a the_o first_o preside_v over_o some_o particular_a part_n as_o the_o centurion_n and_o tribune_n the_o other_o use_v a_o equal_a authority_n over_o the_o whole_a force_n as_o the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o general_n we_o can_v have_v a_o tolerable_a notion_n of_o the_o centurion_n without_o remember_v what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o thirty_o mâ—â—ipuli_fw-la in_o a_o legion_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o ordines_fw-la or_o rank_n and_o consequent_o the_o three_o body_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n into_o twenty_o order_n apiece_o as_o into_o ten_o manipuli_fw-la now_o every_o manipulus_fw-la be_v allow_v two_o centurion_n or_o captain_n one_o to_o each_o order_n or_o century_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o point_n of_o priority_n between_o they_o they_o be_v create_v at_o two_o different_a election_n the_o thirty_o who_o be_v make_v first_o always_o take_v the_o precedency_n of_o their_o fellow_n and_o therefore_o command_v the_o right-hand_a order_n as_o the_o other_o do_v the_o left_a the_o triarii_n or_o pilani_n be_v esteem_v the_o most_o honourable_a have_v their_o centurion_n elect_a first_o next_z to_z they_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o afterward_o the_o hastati_fw-la whence_o they_o be_v call_v primus_fw-la &_o secundus_fw-la pilus_n primus_fw-la &_o secundus_fw-la princeps_fw-la primus_fw-la &_o secundus_fw-la hastatus_n and_o so_o on_o here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o primi_fw-la ordines_fw-la be_v use_v sometime_o in_o historian_n for_o the_o centurion_n of_o those_o order_n and_o the_o same_o centurion_n be_v sometime_o style_v principes_fw-la ordinum_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la centurionum_fw-la we_o may_v take_v notice_n too_o what_o a_o large_a field_n there_o lie_v for_o promotion_n first_o through_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la then_o quite_o through_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o afterward_o from_o the_o last_o order_n of_o the_o triarii_n to_o the_o primopilus_fw-la the_o most_o honourable_a of_o the_o centurion_n and_o who_o deserve_v to_o be_v particular_o describe_v this_o officer_n beside_o his_o name_n of_o primopilus_fw-la go_v under_o the_o several_a title_n of_o dux_n legionis_fw-la praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la primus_fw-la centurionum_fw-la and_o primus_fw-la centurio_n and_o be_v the_o centurion_n of_o the_o right-hand_a order_n of_o the_o first_o manipulus_fw-la of_o the_o triarian_o or_o pilani_n in_o every_o legion_n he_o preside_v over_o all_o the_o other_o centurion_n and_o general_o give_v the_o word_n command_v in_o exercise_n and_o engagement_n by_o order_n of_o the_o tribune_n beside_o this_o he_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o eagle_n or_o chief_a standard_n of_o the_o legion_n hence_o aquilae_fw-la praeesse_fw-la be_v to_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o primopilus_fw-la and_o hence_o aquila_n be_v take_v by_o pliny_n for_o the_o say_a office_n and_o juvenal_n seem_v to_o intimate_v the_o same_o ut_fw-la locupletem_fw-la aquilam_fw-la tibi_fw-la sexagesimus_fw-la annus_fw-la adferat_fw-la sat._n 14._o nor_o be_v this_o station_n only_o honourable_a but_o very_o profitable_a too_o for_o he_o have_v a_o special_a stipend_n allow_v he_o probable_o as_o much_o as_o a_o knight_n estate_n and_o when_o he_o leave_v that_o charge_n be_v repute_v equal_a to_o the_o member_n of_o the_o equestrian_a order_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o primopilarius_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o who_o have_v discharge_v the_o great_a civil_a office_n be_v style_v ever_o after_o consulares_fw-la censorii_fw-la praetorii_fw-la quaestorii_n and_o aedilitii_n the_o badge_n of_o the_o centurion_n office_n be_v the_o vitis_n or_o rod_n which_o they_o bear_v in_o their_o hand_n whence_o vitem_fw-la poscere_fw-la import_v the_o same_o as_o to_o sue_v for_o a_o centurion_n place_n the_o evocati_fw-la too_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o use_v the_o vitis_n as_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v rather_o superior_a to_o the_o centurion_n as_o to_o the_o reason_n why_o this_o rod_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o a_o vine-branch_n a_o old_a scholiast_n upon_o juvenal_n have_v a_o merry_a fancy_n that_o bacchus_n make_v use_v of_o such_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o martial_a expedition_n and_o recommend_v the_o use_n of_o it_o to_o posterity_n beside_o the_o centurion_n every_o manipulus_fw-la have_v two_o vexillarii_n or_o ensign_n and_o every_o centurion_n choose_v two_o optiones_fw-la or_o succenturiones_n to_o be_v his_o deputy_n or_o lieutenant_n the_o tribune_n owe_v their_o name_n and_o original_a to_o romulus_n his_o institution_n when_o he_o choose_v three_o officer_n in_o chief_a of_o that_o nature_n out_o of_o the_o three_o tribe_n into_o which_o he_o divide_v his_o city_n the_o number_n afterward_o increase_v to_o six_o in_o every_o legion_n they_o be_v create_v as_o at_o first_o by_o the_o king_n so_o afterward_o by_o the_o consul_n for_o some_o time_n till_o about_o a._n v._o c._n 393._o when_o the_o people_n assume_v this_o right_n to_o themselves_o and_o though_o in_o the_o war_n with_o perseus_n king_n of_o macedon_n this_o privilege_n be_v regain_v by_o the_o consul_n 42._o consul_n vide_fw-la liv._o lib._n 42._o yet_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o very_a same_o war_n it_o quick_o after_o return_v to_o the_o people_n 43._o people_n vide_fw-la liv._o lib._n 43._o it_o be_v probable_a that_o soon_o after_o they_o divide_v this_o power_n between_o they_o one_o half_a of_o the_o tribune_n be_v assign_v by_o the_o consul_n the_o other_o half_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n the_o former_a sort_n be_v term_v rufuli_n or_o rutili_fw-la because_o one_o rutilius_n rufus_n prefer_v a_o law_n in_o their_o behalf_n the_o other_o comitiati_fw-la because_o they_o obtain_v their_o command_n by_o the_o public_a vote_n in_o the_o comitia_fw-la verrin_n comitia_fw-la vide_fw-la asâ—on_n paedian_n in_o verrin_n they_o be_v sometime_o take_v out_o of_o the_o equestrian_a and_o senatorian_a order_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o caesar_n most_o if_o not_o all_o the_o tribune_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v either_o senator_n
the_o torques_fw-la golden_a and_o silver_n collar_n wreathe_v with_o curious_a art_n and_o beauty_n pliny_n attribute_n the_o golden_a collar_n to_o the_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o silver_n to_o the_o roman_a soldier_n but_o this_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n the_o phalerae_fw-la common_o think_v to_o be_v a_o suit_n of_o rich_a trappings_o for_o a_o horse_n but_o because_o we_o find_v they_o bestow_v on_o the_o foot_n as_o well_o as_o the_o cavalry_n we_o may_v rather_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v golden_a chain_n of_o like_a nature_n with_o the_o torques_fw-la only_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v hang_v down_o to_o the_o breast_n whereas_o the_o other_o only_a go_v round_o the_o neck_n the_o hope_n of_o these_o two_o last_o be_v particular_o urge_v among_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o military_a life_n by_o juvenal_n sat._n 16._o ut_fw-la laeti_fw-la phaleris_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o torquibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la the_o vexilla_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o banner_n of_o different_a colour_n work_v in_o silk_n or_o other_o curious_a material_n such_o as_o augustus_n bestow_v on_o agrippa_n after_o he_o have_v win_v the_o sea-fight_n at_o aclium_n we_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o several_a coronet_n receive_v on_o several_a occasion_n as_o corona_n civica_n give_v to_o any_o soldier_n that_o have_v save_v the_o life_n of_o a_o roman_a citizen_n in_o a_o engagement_n this_o be_v reckon_v more_o honourable_a than_o any_o other_o crown_n though_o compose_v of_o no_o better_a material_n than_o oaken_a bough_n virgil_n call_v it_o civilis_fw-la quercus_fw-la aen._n 6._o atque_fw-la umbrata_fw-la gerunt_fw-la civili_fw-la tempora_fw-la quereu_n plutarch_n have_v guess_v very_o happy_o at_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o branch_n of_o this_o tree_n shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o before_o all_o other_o for_o the_o oaken_a wreath_n say_v he_o be_v otherwise_o sacred_a to_o jupiter_n the_o great_a guardian_n of_o their_o city_n they_o may_v therefore_o think_v it_o the_o most_o proper_a ornament_n for_o he_o who_o have_v preserve_v a_o citizen_n beside_o the_o oak_n may_v very_o well_o claim_v the_o preference_n in_o this_o case_n because_o in_o the_o primitive_a time_n that_o tree_n alone_o be_v think_v almost_o sufficient_a for_o the_o preserve_n of_o man_n life_n its_o acorn_n be_v the_o principal_a diet_n of_o the_o old_a mortal_n and_o the_o honey_n which_o be_v common_o find_v there_o present_v they_o with_o a_o verâ—_n pleasant_a liquor_n coriolano_n liquor_n vide_fw-la plutarch_n in_o coriolano_n it_o be_v a_o particular_a honour_n confer_v on_o the_o person_n who_o haâ—_n merit_v this_o crown_n that_o when_o they_o come_v to_o any_o of_o the_o public_a show_n the_o whole_a company_n as_o well_o senate_n as_o people_n shall_v signify_v their_o respect_n by_o rise_v up_o when_o they_o see_v they_o enter_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o seat_n on_o these_o occasion_n among_o the_o senator_n be_v also_o excuse_v from_o all_o troublesome_a duty_n and_o service_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o procure_v the_o same_o immunity_n for_o their_o father_n and_o grandfather_n by_o his_o side_n 4._o side_n vide_fw-la plin._n lib._n 16._o cap._n 4._o corona_n muralis_fw-la give_v to_o he_o who_o first_o scale_v the_o wall_n of_o a_o city_n in_o a_o general_a assault_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o it_o there_o be_v some_o allusion_n make_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o wall_n corona_n castrensis_n or_o vallaris_fw-la the_o reward_n of_o he_o who_o have_v first_o force_v the_o enemy_n intrenchment_n corona_n navalis_fw-la bestow_v on_o such_o as_o have_v signalise_v their_o valour_n in_o a_o engagement_n at_o sea_n be_v set_v round_o with_o figure_n like_o the_o beak_n of_o ship_n cui_fw-la belli_fw-la insigne_fw-la superbum_fw-la tempora_fw-la navali_fw-la fulgent_a rostrata_fw-la coronâ_fw-la virg._n aen._n 8._o lipsius_n fancy_n the_o corona_n navalis_fw-la and_o the_o rostrata_fw-la to_o have_v be_v two_o distinct_a species_n though_o they_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o crown_n corona_n obsidicnalis_fw-la this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o rest_n give_v by_o the_o general_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o present_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o general_n when_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o roman_n or_o their_o ally_n from_o a_o siege_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o grass_n grow_v in_o the_o besiege_a place_n corona_n triumphalis_fw-la make_v with_o wreath_n of_o laurel_n and_o proper_a only_o to_o such_o general_n as_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o triumph_n in_o after_o age_n this_o be_v change_v for_o gold_n coronarium_fw-la gold_n aurum_fw-la coronarium_fw-la and_o not_o only_o restrain_v to_o those_o that_o actual_o triumph_v but_o present_v on_o several_a other_o account_n as_o common_o by_o the_o foreign_a state_n and_o province_n to_o their_o patron_n and_o benefactor_n several_a of_o the_o other_o crown_n too_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v of_o gold_n as_o the_o castrensis_n the_o mural_a and_o the_o naval_a corona_n triumphalis_fw-la corona_n obsidio_fw-la nalis_fw-la corona_n civica_n corona_n muralis_fw-la corona_n vallaris_fw-la vel_fw-la castrensis_fw-la corona_n navalis_fw-la the_o most_o remarkable_a person_n upon_o record_n in_o history_n for_o obtain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o reward_n be_v one_o c._n siccius_n or_o â—icinius_fw-la dentatus_n who_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o military_a service_n eight_o crown_n of_o gold_n fourteen_o civic_a crown_n three_o mural_a eighty_o three_o golden_a torques_fw-la sixty_o golden_a armillae_n eighteen_o hastae_fw-la purae_fw-la and_o seventy_o five_o phalerae_fw-la etc._n phalerae_fw-la vide_fw-la agell_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o valer._n max._n etc._n etc._n but_o far_o great_a honour_n be_v confer_v on_o the_o victorious_a general_n some_o of_o which_o be_v usual_o decree_v they_o in_o their_o absence_n other_o at_o their_o arrival_n in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o former_a kind_n be_v the_o salutatio_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la and_o the_o supplicatio_fw-la of_o the_o latter_a the_o ovation_n and_o the_o triumph_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o salute_v the_o commander_n in_o chief_a with_o the_o title_n of_o imperator_n upon_o account_n of_o any_o remarkable_a success_n which_o title_n be_v decree_v he_o by_o the_o senate_n at_o rome_n after_o it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o joint_a acclamation_n of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o camp_n the_o supplicatio_fw-la be_v a_o solemn_a procession_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n to_o return_v thanks_o for_o any_o signal_n victory_n after_o the_o obtain_n any_o such_o remarkable_a advantage_n the_o general_n common_o give_v the_o senate_n a_o account_n of_o the_o exploit_n by_o letter_n wreathe_v about_o with_o laurel_n laureatae_fw-la laurel_n literae_fw-la laureatae_fw-la in_o which_o after_o a_o account_n of_o his_o success_n he_o desire_v the_o favour_n of_o a_o supplication_n or_o public_a thanksgiving_n this_o be_v grant_v for_o a_o set_a number_n of_o day_n the_o senate_n go_v in_o a_o solemn_a manner_n to_o the_o chief_a temple_n and_o assist_v at_o the_o sacrifice_n proper_a to_o the_o occasion_n hold_v a_o feast_n in_o the_o temple_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o respective_a deity_n hence_o servius_n explain_v that_o of_o virgil_n simul_fw-la divum_fw-la templis_fw-la indicit_fw-la honorem_fw-la aen._n 1._o as_o allude_v to_o a_o solemn_a supplication_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o commonalty_n keep_v holiday_n and_o frequent_v the_o religious_a assembly_n give_v thanks_o for_o the_o late_a success_n and_o implore_v a_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o assistance_n octavius_n caesar_n together_o with_o the_o consul_n hirtius_n and_o pansa_n upon_o their_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o mutina_n be_v honour_v with_o supplication_n fifty_o day_n long_o the_o ovation_n some_o fancy_n to_o have_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o shour_a evion_n to_o bacchus_n but_o the_o true_a original_a be_v ovis_fw-la the_o sheep_n which_o be_v usual_o offer_v in_o this_o procession_n as_o a_o ox_n in_o the_o triumph_n the_o show_v general_o begin_v at_o the_o albanian_a mountain_n whence_o the_o general_n with_o his_o retinue_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o the_o city_n he_o go_v on_o foot_n with_o many_o flute_n or_o pipe_n sound_v in_o consort_n as_o he_o pass_v along_o wear_v a_o garland_n of_o myrtle_n as_o a_o token_n of_o peace_n with_o a_o aspect_n rather_o raise_v love_n and_o respect_n than_o fear_v agellius_n inform_v we_o that_o this_o honour_n be_v then_o confer_v on_o the_o victor_n when_o either_o the_o war_n have_v not_o be_v proclaim_v in_o due_a method_n or_o not_o undertake_v against_o a_o lawful_a enemy_n and_o on_o a_o just_a account_n or_o when_o the_o enemy_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a 6._o inconsiderable_a noel_n att._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 6._o but_o plutarch_n have_v deliver_v his_o judgement_n
for_o this_o purpose_n they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o fine_a kind_n of_o chalk_n whence_o persius_n take_v the_o hint_n of_o cretata_fw-la ambitio_fw-la 177._o ambitio_fw-la sat._n 5._o ver_fw-la 177._o as_o to_o the_o holiday_n or_o solemn_a festival_n on_o which_o we_o find_v the_o roman_n always_o attire_v in_o white_a it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v that_o all_o person_n of_o any_o fashion_n constant_o put_v on_o new_a gown_n which_o be_v of_o the_o pure_a white_a on_o these_o occasion_n and_o those_o of_o mean_a condition_n may_v perhaps_o chalk_v over_o their_o old_a gown_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v rusty_a and_o have_v almost_o lose_v their_o colour_n 13._o colour_n dip_v elect._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o the_o dispute_n between_o manutius_n and_o sigonius_n whether_o the_o roman_a gown_n be_v tie_v about_o with_o a_o girdle_n or_o not_o be_v common_o decide_v in_o favour_n of_o manutius_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o best_a author_n allow_v some_o kind_n of_o cincture_n to_o the_o gown_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v perform_v only_o by_o help_n of_o the_o gown_n itself_o or_o by_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o come_v under_o the_o right_a arm_n be_v draw_v over_o to_o the_o left_a shoulder_n and_o so_o cover_v the_o vmbo_fw-la or_o knot_n of_o plaight_n which_o rest_v there_o keep_v the_o gown_n close_o together_o this_o lappet_n quinctilian_n call_v the_o belt_n in_o his_o advice_n to_o the_o orator_n about_o this_o matter_n ille_fw-la qui_fw-la sub_fw-la humero_fw-la dextro_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistrum_fw-la obliquè_fw-fr ducitur_fw-la velut_fw-la balteus_fw-la nec_fw-la strangulet_fw-la nec_fw-la fluat_fw-la 3._o fluat_fw-la institut_fw-la lib._n 11._o cap._n 3._o this_o belt_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o left_a arm_n draw_v in_o the_o gown_n flow_v out_o and_o the_o sinus_n or_o main_a lappet_n hang_v about_o the_o wearer_n foot_n this_o be_v particular_o observe_v in_o caesar_n who_o common_o let_v his_o gown_n hang_v drag_v after_o he_o whence_o sylla_n use_v to_o advise_v the_o nobleman_n ut_fw-la pverum_fw-la male_a praecinctum_fw-la caverent_fw-la 3._o caverent_fw-la sueton._n jul._n cap._n 15._o macrob._n saturnal_a lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o the_o accurate_a ferrarius_fw-la be_v certain_o in_o a_o mistake_n as_o to_o this_o point_n for_o maintain_v that_o the_o gown_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o cinctus_fw-la but_o what_o they_o call_v gabinus_n he_o will_v have_v this_o mean_v only_o of_o the_o tunica_n but_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o macrobius_n make_v this_o supposition_n impossible_a and_o lacinium_n trahere_fw-la express_o point_v out_o the_o gown_n for_o the_o tunick_n be_v only_o a_o short_a vest_n can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v conceive_v to_o have_v a_o lappet_n drag_v on_o the_o ground_n 45._o ground_n graevius_n ad_fw-la sueton._n jul._n 45._o the_o same_o fault_n which_o sylla_n object_v to_o caesar_n be_v common_o observe_v in_o maecenas_n and_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o that_o effeminate_a softness_n which_o make_v a_o unhappy_a part_n of_o his_o character_n in_o history_n the_o learned_a graevius_n observe_v that_o the_o word_n praecingi_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o gown_n because_o the_o lappet_n do_v not_o close_o about_o the_o whole_a gown_n but_o only_o the_o forepart_n of_o it_o ibidem_fw-la it_o ibidem_fw-la the_o cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n be_v most_o happy_o describe_v by_o ferrarius_fw-la cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n non_fw-la aliud_fw-la fuit_fw-la quà m_fw-la cùm_fw-la togae_fw-la lacinia_fw-la laevo_fw-la brachio_n subducta_fw-la in_o tergum_fw-la ita_fw-la rejiciebatur_fw-la ut_fw-la contracta_fw-la retraheretur_fw-la ad_fw-la pectus_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o nodum_fw-la necteretur_fw-la qui_fw-la nodus_fw-la sive_fw-la cinctus_fw-la togam_fw-la contrahebat_fw-la brevioremque_fw-la &_o strictiorem_fw-la reddidit_fw-la 14._o reddidit_fw-la dear_a vestiaâ—_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 14._o the_o cinctus_fw-la gabinus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o when_o the_o lappet_n of_o the_o gown_n which_o use_v to_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o left-shoulder_n be_v draw_v thence_o be_v cast_v off_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n upon_o the_o back_n as_o to_o come_v round_o short_a to_o the_o breast_n and_o there_o fasten_v in_o a_o knot_n which_o knot_n or_o tincture_n tuck_v up_o the_o gown_n and_o make_v it_o short_a and_o straight_a this_o cinctus_fw-la be_v proper_a only_o to_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o the_o denounce_v war_n burn_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n devote_v themselves_o to_o death_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v borrow_a from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gabii_n a_o city_n of_o campania_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o a_o public_a sacrifice_n happen_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o sudden_o by_o their_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v through_o haste_n to_o gather_v up_o their_o gown_n in_o this_o manner_n and_o so_o march_v out_o to_o oppose_v they_o 61â—_n they_o servius_n ad_fw-la viâ—gil_n aeâ—eid_n 7._o v._n 61â—_n in_o the_o ordinary_a wear_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gown_n use_v to_o lay_v over_o the_o right_a shoulder_n yet_o upon_o occasion_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o draw_v back_o that_o part_n again_o and_o make_v it_o cover_v the_o head_n and_o learned_a man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o city_n make_v use_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o cover_v only_o for_o the_o head_n never_o appear_v in_o any_o kind_n of_o cap_n or_o hat_n unless_o they_o be_v on_o a_o journey_n out_o of_o town_n thus_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o of_o the_o deference_n pay_v to_o great_a man_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o street_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o roman_n when_o they_o meet_v any_o person_n who_o deserve_v a_o particular_a respect_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o have_v their_o gown_n on_o their_o head_n present_o uncover_v and_o the_o same_o author_n reckon_v up_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n which_o sylla_n show_v pompey_n add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o pull_v off_o his_o gown_n from_o his_o head_n the_o several_a sort_n of_o the_o roman_a gown_n be_v the_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la the_o pulla_n the_o sordida_fw-la and_o the_o picta_fw-la purpurea_fw-la palmata_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o the_o trabea_n every_o one_o know_v that_o the_o gown_n be_v the_o distinguish_a mark_n of_o the_o roman_n from_o the_o greek_n who_o wear_v the_o pallium_fw-la or_o cloak_n as_o their_o common_a garment_n whence_o togatus_fw-la and_o palliatus_fw-la be_v often_o use_v for_o roman_a and_o grecian_a as_o also_o that_o the_o gown_n be_v the_o proper_a badge_n of_o peace_n be_v general_o lay_v aside_o upon_o engage_v in_o any_o martial_a design_n yet_o it_o appear_v from_o several_a passage_n of_o livy_n and_o plutarch_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o wear_v in_o the_o camp_n if_o so_o perhaps_o the_o equites_fw-la and_o centurion_n have_v this_o peculiar_a privilege_n and_o that_o only_o when_o they_o lie_v still_o in_o the_o camp_n without_o any_o thought_n of_o sudden_a action_n as_o manutius_n learned_o conjecture_n 1._o conjecture_n de_fw-fr quaesitis_fw-la per_fw-la epist_n lib._n 2._o ep._n 1._o the_o toga_fw-la praetexta_fw-la have_v a_o border_n of_o purple_a round_a the_o edge_n whence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n and_o in_o allusion_n to_o which_o the_o grecian_a writer_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o seem_v original_o to_o have_v be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o some_o of_o the_o priest_n when_o at_o first_o introduce_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v bestow_v on_o the_o young_a man_n be_v different_o relate_v some_o fancy_n that_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o a_o triumph_n for_o a_o victory_n against_o the_o sabine_n first_o honour_v his_o own_o son_n with_o the_o praetexta_fw-la and_o the_o bulla_n aurea_fw-la as_o reward_n of_o his_o valour_n for_o kill_v one_o of_o the_o enemy_n with_o his_o 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three_o party_n refer_v the_o original_a of_o this_o custom_n
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many_o time_n grievous_o puzzle_v ordinary_a reader_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o sort_n the_o name_n of_o the_o ingenui_fw-la or_o freeborn_a the_o name_n of_o the_o freedman_n and_o slave_n the_o name_n of_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o name_n of_o adopt_a person_n the_o ingenui_fw-la have_v three_o several_a name_n the_o praenomen_fw-la the_o nomen_fw-la and_o the_o cognomen_fw-la hence_o juvenal_n sat._n 5._o si_fw-mi quid_fw-la tentaveris_fw-la unquam_fw-la hiscere_fw-la tanquam_fw-la habeas_fw-la tria_fw-la nomina_fw-la the_o praenomen_fw-la answer_v to_o our_o christian_a name_n but_o be_v not_o impose_v till_o the_o assume_v the_o manly_a gown_n the_o name_n of_o this_o sort_n most_o in_o use_n together_o with_o the_o initial_a letter_n which_o ordinary_o stand_v for_o they_o in_o write_v be_v as_o follow_v a._n aulus_n c._n caius_n d._n decimus_n k._n caeso_fw-la l._n lucius_n m._n marcus_n and_o manius_n n._n numerius_n p._n publius_n q._n quinctus_n t._n titus_n ap._n appius_n cn_fw-la cneus_fw-la sp._n spurius_n ti._n tiberius_n mam._n mamercus_n ser._n servius_n sex_n sextus_n the_o nomen_fw-la immediate_o follow_v the_o praenomen_fw-la answer_v to_o the_o grecian_a patronymick_n for_o as_o among_o they_o the_o posterity_n of_o aeacus_n have_v the_o name_n of_o aeacidae_n so_o the_o julian_n family_n in_o rome_n be_v so_o call_v from_o julus_n or_o ascanius_n but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o reason_n which_o give_v original_a to_o some_o of_o the_o praenomens_n as_o living-creature_n place_n and_o accident_n which_o be_v obvious_a in_o read_v the_o cognemen_n be_v add_v in_o the_o three_o place_n on_o the_o account_n of_o distinguish_a family_n and_o be_v assume_v from_o no_o certain_a cause_n but_o usual_o from_o some_o particular_a occurrence_n but_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v principal_o of_o the_o first_o original_a of_o the_o name_n for_o afterward_o it_o be_v hereditary_a though_o frequent_o change_v for_o a_o new_a one_o the_o â—â—â—es_n in_o ancient_a time_n have_v no_o name_n but_o what_o they_o harrow_v from_o the_o praenomen_fw-la of_o their_o master_n as_o lucipor_n publipor_n mâ—rcipor_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v lucii_n pver_fw-la publii_fw-la pver_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1._o etc._n quinctilian_n institut_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o plin._n n._n h._n lib._n 33._o cap._n 1._o when_o this_o custom_n grow_v out_o of_o fashion_n the_o slave_n be_v usual_o call_v by_o some_o proper_a name_n of_o their_o own_o sometime_o of_o latin_a and_o sometime_o of_o grecian_a original_a this_o be_v very_o often_o take_v from_o their_o country_n as_o davus_n syrus_n geta_n etc._n etc._n upon_o their_o manumission_n they_o take_v up_o the_o praenomen_fw-la and_o the_o nomen_fw-la of_o their_o master_n but_o instead_o of_o the_o cognomen_fw-la make_v use_v of_o their_o former_a name_n as_o marcus_n tullius_n tyro_n the_o freedman_n of_o cicero_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v customary_a for_o any_o foreigner_n who_o have_v be_v make_v a_o free_a denizen_n of_o â—â—me_n to_o bear_v the_o
day_n some_o of_o thirty_o five_o and_o some_o of_o more_o numa_n more_o plut._n in_o numa_n but_o he_o be_v general_o allow_v to_o have_v settle_v the_o number_n of_o day_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o equality_n allot_v to_o march_n may_n quintilis_n and_o october_n one_o and_o thirty_o day_n to_o april_n june_n sextilis_n november_n and_o december_n thirty_o make_v up_o in_o all_o three_o hundred_o and_o four_o day_n etc._n day_n maâ—â—h_o sâ—â—â—rn_v lib._n i_o cap._n 12._o censorm_n de_fw-fr die_v natali_n cap._n 20._o etc._n etc._n scilicet_fw-la arma_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la sydera_fw-la romule_fw-la noras_fw-la scaliger_n indeed_o be_v very_o angry_a that_o people_n shall_v think_v the_o roman_n have_v ever_o any_o other_o account_n than_o by_o twelve_o month_n 2._o month_n liâ—_n emendat_fw-la temper_v lib._n 2._o but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o testimony_n of_o varro_n macrobius_n censorinus_n ovid_n etc._n etc._n will_v over-rule_v the_o bare_a word_n of_o licinius_n macer_n and_o the_o counterfeit_a fenestella_n which_o be_v all_o he_o produce_v as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o romulus_n month_n the_o first_o to_o be_v sure_o be_v consecrate_v to_o mars_n the_o father_n of_o the_o state_n the_o next_o too_o may_v be_v setched_a from_o venus_n the_o other_o guardian_n and_o parent_n of_o the_o roman_n if_o we_o admit_v of_o the_o allusion_n between_o the_o word_n aprilis_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d her_o name_n in_o greek_a though_o it_o be_v general_o derive_v from_o aperio_fw-la to_o open_v because_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o which_o the_o bud_n and_o flower_n open_a and_o disclose_v themselves_o 12._o themselves_o plut._n in_o num._n macrobius_n sat._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 12._o may_v he_o name_v so_o from_o maia_n the_o mother_n of_o mercury_n according_a to_o plutarch_n num._n plutarch_n in_o num._n though_o macrobius_n make_v the_o maia_n to_o who_o may_n be_v dedicate_v the_o same_o as_o rhea_n ops_n or_o the_o earth_n and_o different_a from_o mercury_n mother_n 12._o mother_n sat._n lib_n 1._o cap._n 12._o ovid_n bring_v it_o à _fw-la senibus_fw-la i._n c._n à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la 1._o majoribus_fw-la fast_o 1._o v._n 4_o 1._o june_n either_o come_v from_o juventus_n because_o this_o be_v the_o youthful_a and_o gay_a part_n of_o the_o year_n num._n year_n plut._n in_o num._n or_o else_o it_o be_v a_o contraction_n of_o junonius_fw-la and_o dedicate_v to_o the_o goddess_n juno_n supra_fw-la juno_n macrob._n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o other_o month_n he_o denominate_v as_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n so_o quintilis_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o five_o month_n sextilis_n than_o the_o six_o and_o so_o on_o but_o these_o two_o afterward_o change_v their_o name_n to_o july_n and_o august_n in_o honour_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o his_o successor_n augustus_n nero_n have_v afterward_o call_v april_n neroneâ—s_n 55._o neroneâ—s_n suet_n in_o ner._n cap_n 55._o plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o domitian_n too_o in_o imitation_n of_o they_o give_v the_o two_o month_n immediate_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o germanicus_n and_o domitianus_n but_o he_o be_v slay_v they_o recover_v their_o old_a denomination_n num._n denomination_n plut._n in_o num._n numa_n be_v a_o little_a better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o celestial_a motion_n than_o his_o predecessor_n and_o therefore_o undertake_v to_o reform_v the_o calendar_n in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o add_v the_o two_o month_n of_o january_n and_o february_n the_o first_o of_o which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o the_o god_n janus_n the_o other_o take_v its_o name_n from_o februo_fw-la to_o purify_v because_o the_o feast_n of_o purification_n be_v celebrate_v in_o that_o month_n ibid._n month_n ibid._n to_o compose_v these_o two_o month_n he_o put_v fifty_o day_n to_o the_o old_a three_o hundred_o and_o four_o to_o make_v they_o answer_v the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o then_o take_v six_o more_o from_o the_o six_o month_n that_o have_v even_o day_n add_v one_o odd_a day_n more_o than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v mere_o aught_o of_o superstition_n and_o to_o make_v the_o number_n fortunate_a however_o he_o can_v get_v but_o eight_o and_o twenty_o day_n for_o february_n and_o therefore_o that_o month_n be_v always_o count_v unlucky_a 20._o unlucky_a censorin_n de_fw-fr die_v natali_n cap._n 20._o beside_o this_o he_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o solar_a and_o the_o lunar_a course_n to_o be_v eleven_o day_n and_o to_o remedy_v the_o inequality_n he_o double_v those_o day_n and_o after_o every_o two_o year_n add_v a_o interstitial_a month_n to_o follow_v february_n which_o plutarch_n call_v in_o one_o place_n mercidinus_n num._n mercidinus_n in_o num._n and_o in_o another_o mercidonius_n case_n mercidonius_n in_o jul._n case_n but_o the_o care_n of_o this_o intercalation_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o priest_n they_o clap_v in_o or_o leave_v out_o the_o month_n whenever_o they_o please_v as_o they_o fancy_v lucky_a or_o unlucky_a and_o so_o make_v such_o mad_a work_n that_o the_o festival_n and_o solemn_a day_n for_o sacrifice_n be_v remove_v by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o a_o season_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o they_o have_v be_v former_o câ—â—_n former_o in_o jul._n câ—â—_n julius_n caesar_n be_v the_o first_o that_o undertake_v to_o remedy_v this_o disorder_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o call_v in_o the_o best_a philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n to_o settle_v the_o point_n in_o order_n to_o bring_v matter_n right_a he_o be_v force_v to_o make_v one_o confuse_a year_n of_o fifteen_o month_n and_o four_o hundred_o forty_o five_o day_n but_o to_o preserve_v a_o due_a regulation_n for_o the_o future_a he_o quite_o take_v away_o the_o intercalary_n month_n and_o add_v ten_o day_n to_o numa_n three_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o equal_v they_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n except_o six_o odd_a hour_n the_o ten_o day_n he_o distribute_v among_o those_o seven_o month_n that_o have_v before_o but_o nine_o and_o twenty_o and_o as_o for_o the_o six_o hour_n he_o order_v they_o to_o be_v let_v alone_o till_o they_o make_v up_o a_o whole_a day_n and_o to_o every_o four_o year_n he_o put_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o month_n use_v to_o be_v insert_v before_o 20._o before_o censirin_fw-mi cap._n 20._o and_o that_o be_v just_a five_o day_n before_o the_o end_n of_o february_n or_o next_o before_o the_o six_o of_o the_o calends_o of_o march._n for_o this_o reason_n the_o supernumerary_a day_n have_v the_o name_n of_o dies_fw-la bissextus_fw-la and_o thence_o the_o leap-year_n come_v to_o be_v call_v annus_fw-la bessextilis_fw-la but_o the_o priest_n who_o have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o old_a confusion_n commit_v as_o grâ—at_v a_o blunder_n in_o the_o new_a computation_n by_o interpose_v the_o leap-day_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o every_o four_o year_n instead_o of_o the_o end_n till_o augustus_n caesar_n bring_v it_o into_o the_o right_a course_n again_o 31._o again_o macroâ—_n sat._n lib._n 1._o cap_n 1â—_n sueton_n in_o aâ—gust_n cap._n 31._o in_o which_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o and_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o great_a part_n of_o euâ—ope_n at_o this_o day_n yet_o because_o there_o want_v eleven_o minute_n in_o the_o six_o odd_a hour_n of_o julius_n year_n the_o aequinox_n and_o surplice_n lose_v something_o continual_o be_v find_v about_o the_o year_n 1582._o to_o have_v run_v back_o ten_o whole_a day_n for_o which_o reason_n pope_n gregory_n at_o that_o time_n undertake_v a_o new_a reformation_n of_o the_o calendar_n enter_v off_o ten_o day_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o proper_a place_n this_o account_n they_o call_v the_o gregorian_a or_o new_a style_n which_o be_v observe_v too_o in_o many_o part_n of_o europe_n chap._n x._o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o roman_a day_n when_o numa_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o twelve_o month_n he_o make_v a_o distinction_n too_o in_o the_o day_n rank_v they_o in_o these_o three_o order_n dies_fw-la festi_fw-la profesti_fw-la and_o intercisi_fw-la the_o first_o sort_n be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o go_n the_o second_o allot_v for_o the_o civil_a business_n of_o men._n the_o three_o divide_v between_o sacred_a and_o ordinary_a employment_n the_o die_v festi_fw-la be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o celebration_n of_o these_o four_o solemnity_n sacrificia_fw-la epulae_fw-la ludi_fw-la and_o feriae_fw-la sacrificia_fw-la be_v no_o more_o than_o public_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o go_n epulae_fw-la be_v a_o sort_n of_o banquet_n celebrate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o deity_n ludi_fw-la be_v public_a sport_n institute_v with_o the_o same_o design_n feriae_fw-la be_v either_o public_a or_o private_a the_o public_a be_v of_o four_o sort_n stativae_fw-la conceptivae_fw-la imperativae_fw-la and_o nundinae_fw-la feriae_fw-la stativae_fw-la be_v public_a feast_n keep_v by_o the_o whole_a city_n accord_v to_o