the_o absolute_a power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o subject_n life_n and_o fortune_n they_o may_v be_v parallel_v at_o least_o if_o not_o prefer_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n in_o particular_a with_o a_o description_n of_o its_o chief_a city_n mvscovy_n as_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n in_o the_o two_o northern_a part_n border_v on_o sweden_n and_o tartary_n the_o southern_a muscovy_n and_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n we_o will_v in_o this_o chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n in_o particular_a reserve_v its_o more_o northern_a province_n to_o the_o follow_v and_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o astrachan_n casan_n siberia_n and_o other_o tartarian_a country_n call_v muscovy_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n the_o southern_a muscovy_n comprehend_v ten_o province_n the_o first_o be_v the_o province_n of_o muscovy_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o have_v communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a empire_n it_o be_v a_o flat_a country_n beautify_v with_o great_a store_n of_o forest_n most_o of_o they_o of_o sir_n and_o beech-tree_n lakes_n and_o river_n abound_v in_o every_o thing_n requisite_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o human_a life_n the_o forest_n abound_v with_o honey_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n as_o the_o plain_n do_v with_o grass_n and_o corn_n and_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n furnish_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fish_n except_o carp_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v here_o or_o if_o they_o be_v in_o some_o place_n they_o eat_v harsh_a and_o be_v quite_o neglect_v in_o a_o country_n where_o they_o have_v such_o store_n of_o the_o best_a fish_n in_o the_o world_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o province_n be_v musco_n musco_n a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o which_o it_o have_v give_v its_o name_n as_o it_o have_v derive_v its_o own_o from_o the_o river_n moska_n which_o pass_v through_o and_o divide_v that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n call_v strelitza_n slaâ—oda_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o after_o have_v receive_v the_o two_o small_a river_n of_o neglina_n and_o yagusa_n and_o join_v its_o current_n with_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la fall_v afterward_o into_o the_o great_a river_n wolga_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a plain_n betwixt_o the_o three_o abovementioned_a river_n its_o figure_n be_v almost_o circular_a contain_v in_o its_o circumference_n fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o mile_n at_o least_o though_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o conflagration_n which_o frequent_o happen_v in_o this_o city_n both_o its_o form_n and_o extent_n do_v not_o continue_v many_o year_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n it_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o frontier_n which_o on_o either_o side_n be_v above_o 600_o mile_n it_o be_v elevation_n be_v 55_o degree_n and_o 36_o min._n latitude_n its_o longitude_n 66_o degree_n before_o the_o crim_n tartar_n in_o the_o year_n 1571_o destroy_v it_o and_o the_o pole_n burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n all_o but_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o year_n 1611._o it_o be_v doubtless_o much_o big_a than_o it_o be_v now_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v by_o computation_n number_v near_o â—0000_n house_n â—0000_n â—0000_n this_o with_o the_o largeness_n of_o its_o street_n and_o the_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o house_n make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a though_o not_o the_o most_o populous_a city_n of_o europe_n the_o city_n of_o musco_n like_o most_o of_o all_o the_o other_o town_n in_o muscovy_n be_v build_v all_o of_o wood_n except_o the_o palace_n of_o person_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n some_o church_n and_o chapel_n and_o the_o house_n of_o some_o very_a rich_a merchant_n which_o be_v of_o brick_n or_o stone_n it_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n throughout_o all_o muscovy_n to_o build_v their_o â—ouses_n of_o wood_n make_v up_o of_o beam_n and_o cross-piece_n of_o fir_n lay_v and_o join_v one_o upon_o another_o the_o vacuity_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o moss_n they_o be_v cover_v with_o bark_n of_o tree_n upon_o which_o they_o sometime_o lie_v another_o cover_n of_o turff_n the_o better_a to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o winter-season_n the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v very_o spacious_a and_o handsome_a enough_o in_o dry_a wether_n but_o after_o the_o least_o rain_n very_o dirty_a and_o will_v for_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v render_v quite_o unpassable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fir_n post_n which_o be_v lay_v across_o the_o street_n like_o a_o bridge_n serve_v instead_o of_o a_o pavement_n the_o combustible_a matter_n of_o which_o their_o house_n be_v compose_v together_o with_o the_o carelessness_n and_o disorderly_a housekeep_n of_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v much_o give_v to_o drunkenness_n make_v their_o house_n very_a subject_n to_o the_o mischance_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n there_o be_v certain_a interval_n leave_v from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o the_o soon_o to_o quench_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o guard_n and_o watch_n in_o the_o nighttime_n carry_v pole-ax_n wherewith_o they_o instant_o break_v down_o the_o next_o adjoin_v house_n to_o those_o that_o be_v on_o fire_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o precaution_n there_o be_v seldom_o a_o week_n without_o some_o damage_n do_v by_o fire_n which_o however_o the_o muscovite_n be_v the_o less_o disturb_v at_o by_o how_o much_o more_o common_a it_o be_v and_o may_v be_v repair_v without_o any_o considerable_a loss_n to_o the_o owner_n their_o furniture_n consist_v common_o of_o a_o few_o bench_n only_a which_o also_o serve_v instead_o of_o bed_n and_o some_o earthen_a or_o wooden_a dish_n and_o as_o for_o their_o house_n they_o be_v almost_o as_o soon_o repair_v as_o lose_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a market_n without_o the_o white_a wall_n of_o this_o city_n where_o at_o a_o very_a easy_a rate_n wood_n be_v so_o over-plenty_n in_o this_o country_n they_o buy_v a_o house_n of_o what_o bigness_n they_o please_v ready_o build_v which_o in_o a_o little_a time_n be_v take_v down_o and_o transport_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o other_o house_n stand_v before_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o great_a city_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o distinct_a quarter_n or_o circuit_n quarter_n musco_n divide_v into_o four_o quarter_n the_o first_o which_o the_o muscovite_n call_v cataygorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n mid-city_n cataygorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o other_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o brick_n wall_n call_v cresne_n stenna_n or_o red_a stone_n and_o surround_v almost_o by_o the_o two_o river_n of_o mosca_n and_o neglina_n the_o first_o pass_v by_o it_o on_o the_o south_n and_o join_v with_o the_o latter_a on_o the_o north-side_n behind_o the_o castle_n musco_n the_o castle_n of_o musco_n the_o castle_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n call_v cremelena_n by_o the_o russian_n take_v up_o near_o one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v at_o least_o two_o mile_n in_o circumference_n and_o very_o well_o fortify_v with_o a_o triple_a strong_a wall_n very_o well_o mount_v with_o cannon_n and_o strengthen_v by_o a_o very_a good_a ditch_n the_o palace_n itself_o stand_v at_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o castle_n next_o adjoin_v to_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n be_v build_v of_o stone_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o notwithstanding_o which_o the_o czar_n use_v during_o the_o winter-season_n to_o eat_v and_o to_o sleep_v in_o some_o apartment_n make_v of_o wood_n as_o be_v less_o moist_a than_o the_o other_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v several_a boyar_n who_o have_v great_a place_n at_o court_n and_o live_v within_o the_o castle_n in_o very_o fair_a house_n of_o stone_n there_o be_v several_a convent_v of_o monk_n and_o nun_n and_o near_o fifty_o church_n and_o chapel_n of_o stone_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v those_o of_o st._n mary_n st._n nicholas_n and_o that_o of_o st._n michael_n famous_a for_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o russia_n among_o a_o great_a many_o other_o steeple_n which_o adorn_v these_o church_n and_o be_v all_o cover_v with_o copper_n â—nd_v large_a cross_n gild_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o which_o â—eing_v burnish_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d resemblance_n of_o gold_n at_o a_o distance_n two_o be_v most_o particular_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o be_v both_o in_o â—he_n centre_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o first_o call_v
the_o three_o province_n be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o rhesan_n betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o don_n and_o occa_fw-la lie_v southward_o from_o muscovy_n rhesan_n rhesan_n from_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n aka_fw-mi be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fruitful_a province_n of_o all_o muscovy_n abound_v in_o wheat_n honey_n fish_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o venison_n and_o fowl_n its_o capital_a city_n be_v call_v likewise_o rhesan_n former_o a_o very_a considerable_a place_n which_o have_v give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1568_o total_o destroy_v as_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n by_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v take_v into_o consideration_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n all_o along_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la which_o from_o thence_o extend_v its_o self_n to_o that_o great_a trench_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fence_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n on_o that_o side_n and_o have_v get_v together_o the_o disperse_a inhabitant_n and_o furnish_v they_o with_o material_n he_o order_v the_o build_n of_o a_o new_a city_n at_o forty_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o former_a which_o be_v call_v peresla_n resanski_n because_o a_o great_a many_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o peresla_n heretofore_o mention_v come_v hither_o to_o settle_v themselves_o notwithstanding_o which_o the_o old_a city_n of_o rhesan_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n beside_o which_o this_o province_n have_v also_o the_o city_n of_o domkagorod_n corsira_n and_o tulla_n the_o latter_a be_v situate_v upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o four_o be_v the_o province_n of_o wolodimer_n wolâ—dimer_n wolâ—dimer_n former_o the_o chief_a of_o whole_a muscovy_n the_o capital_a city_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n prince_n wolodimer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 928_o and_o be_v from_o â—hence_o communicate_v to_o the_o whole_a province_n which_o â—e_v situate_v in_o the_o most_o fruitful_a country_n of_o all_o musâ—ovy_n above_o 150_o mile_n eastward_o from_o musco_n between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o occa_fw-la and_o wolga_n this_o city_n which_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o river_n clesna_n be_v â—or_a a_o considerable_a time_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n till_o the_o imperial_a seat_n be_v transfer_v to_o musco_n by_o prince_n danilou_n michâ—elovits_n since_o which_o time_n it_o be_v much_o decay_v from_o its_o former_a splendour_n the_o ruin_n of_o its_o wall_n and_o house_n be_v undeniable_a demonstration_n of_o its_o former_a greatness_n unto_o this_o province_n be_v annex_v the_o two_o tartarian_a principality_n of_o cassinou_n and_o mordwa_n mordwa_n cassinou_n and_o mordwa_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o first_o be_v cassinogord_n situate_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la as_o one_o come_v from_o musco_n surround_v with_o a_o great_a many_o goodly_a village_n and_o monastery_n most_o pleasant_o seat_v among_o the_o wood_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o second_o be_v moruma_n be_v inhabit_v partly_o by_o muscovite_n partly_o by_o tartar_n but_o altogether_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la the_o river_n clesna_n which_o come_v from_o wolodimer_n fall_v into_o it_o at_z about_z 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n distance_n the_o five_o province_n be_v nisenovogorod_n nisâ—â—ovogorod_n nisâ—â—ovogorod_n have_v receive_v its_o name_n as_o most_o other_o in_o this_o country_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n call_v nisenovogorod_n thâ—â—_n city_n be_v build_v at_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o two_o greâ—_n rivers_n occa_fw-la and_o wolga_n at_o 56_o degree_n 28_o min._n neâ—â—_n 500_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n by_o land_n and_o above_o 700_o by_o water_n receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o novogorod_n the_o inhabitant_n 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v by_o order_n from_o the_o great_a duke_n basâ—â—â—_n translate_v to_o this_o place_n it_o be_v true_a it_o fall_v far_o shoâ—â—_n in_o bigness_n of_o what_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n be_v 〈◊〉_d former_a age_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v very_o strong_a tower_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n and_o the_o suburb_n exceed_v 〈◊〉_d bigness_n the_o city_n itself_o be_v near_o three_o miles_n 〈◊〉_d circumference_n and_o inhabit_v by_o tartar_n muscovite_n and_o some_o dutch_a the_o most_o of_o they_o merchant_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v here_o a_o protestant_a church_n whereas_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v up_o with_o military_a officer_n victualler_n sutler_n &_o â—â—_o be_v all_o under_o the_o government_n of_o a_o weywode_n thâ—_n next_o city_n in_o this_o province_n be_v basiligorod_n build_v like_o wise_a by_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n who_o give_v it_o 〈◊〉_d name_n and_o make_v it_o a_o frontierplace_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v ceremiss_n of_o whoâ—_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v immediate_o it_o 〈◊〉_d situate_v at_o 55_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o volga_n to_o reckon_v from_o its_o source_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v from_o all_o the_o other_o place_n mention_v in_o this_o treatise_n at_o the_o fall_n in_o of_o the_o small_a river_n sura_n heretofore_o the_o common_a boundary_a betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n since_o the_o muscovite_n have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o tartar_n on_o that_o side_n even_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n this_o place_n have_v be_v neglect_v its_o wall_n be_v quite_o ruin_v and_o its_o edifice_n altogether_o of_o wood_n it_o resemble_v now_o more_o a_o great_a village_n than_o a_o city_n the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n ceremiss_n the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n who_o we_o mention_v just_a now_o have_v their_o habitation_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n betwixt_o this_o place_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v a_o nation_n barbarous_a treacherous_a and_o cruel_a live_v upon_o robbery_n and_o addict_v to_o sorcery_n their_o food_n be_v honey_n and_o wild_a fowl_n they_o take_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o milk_n which_o their_o pasture_n furnish_v they_o with_o they_o 〈◊〉_d not_o inhabit_v house_n but_o most_o wretched_a hut_n those_o that_o live_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n wolâ—a_n be_v call_v nagorni_n or_o mountaineer_n as_o those_o inhabit_v on_o the_o left_a side_n be_v call_v lugoivi_n from_o â—heir_a meadow_n which_o supply_v they_o on_o both_o â—ides_n of_o the_o river_n with_o hay_n they_o be_v general_o speak_v heathen_n use_v neither_o circumcision_n â—or_a baptism_n they_o give_v a_o child_n its_o name_n from_o â—he_n first_o person_n they_o meet_v that_o day_n when_o this_o â—eremony_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v six_o month_n â—fter_o its_o birth_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o immortal_a â—od_n the_o author_n of_o all_o good_a who_o ought_v to_o be_v adore_v but_o ridicule_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n â—ho_n '_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v a_o hell_n they_o dread_v the_o â—evil_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o their_o misfortune_n â—hom_n therefore_o they_o pretend_v to_o appease_v with_o saâ—ifices_n their_o chief_a devotion_n and_o pilgrimage_n â—hich_v they_o do_v to_o the_o devil_n be_v perform_v at_o a_o place_n â—â—lled_v nemda_n among_o the_o fen_n where_o every_o body_n 〈◊〉_d oblige_v to_o carry_v a_o present_a when_o they_o offer_v â—â—eir_n sacrifice_n to_o god_n they_o kill_v a_o hoâ—se_n a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n some_o of_o the_o flesh_n thereof_o be_v roast_v and_o put_v into_o a_o dish_n and_o hold_v in_o the_o other_o hand_n another_o vessel_n fill_v with_o hydromel_n or_o some_o other_o liquor_n both_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o fire_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n before_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o be_v sacrifice_v be_v extend_v upon_o a_o pole_n lay_v a_o crosâ—_n two_o tree_n this_o skin_n they_o adore_v in_o order_n to_o intercede_v for_o they_o with_o god_n unto_o who_o they_o also_o make_v sometime_o their_o address_n the_o whole_a subject_n of_o their_o devotion_n tend_v to_o some_o conveniency_n 〈◊〉_d another_o of_o this_o life_n but_o most_o common_o to_o the_o augment_v the_o number_n of_o their_o cattle_n they_o pay_v a_o great_a veneration_n even_o to_o adoration_n to_o the_o suâ—_n and_o moon_n who_o they_o believe_v the_o author_n of_o the_o production_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o make_v use_v of_o no_o church_n priest_n or_o book_n their_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o religious_a exercise_n be_v perform_v near_o somâ—_n torrent_n or_o another_o polygamy_n be_v use_v amongâ—_n they_o even_o so_o as_o to_o marry_v two_o or_o
reason_n of_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o lake_n it_o have_v beside_o this_o two_o city_n more_o call_v ostrow_n and_o opolsko_n the_o province_n of_o wologda_n wologda_fw-la wologda_fw-la which_o sometime_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o novogorod_n be_v since_o reunited_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n its_o capital_a city_n have_v the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o province_n both_o of_o they_o have_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o the_o river_n vologda_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n near_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n disembogue_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o wologda_n or_o vologda_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o those_o part_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o bigness_n and_o strength_n be_v surround_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n but_o also_o of_o its_o commerce_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o left_a shoar_n of_o the_o river_n sucagna_n raise_v upon_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o it_o which_o river_n run_v by_o tetma_n and_o vstiga_n run_v some_o mile_n below_o the_o latter_a into_o the_o abovementioned_a river_n dwina_n which_o render_v it_o very_o convenient_a for_o trading_n and_o consequent_o very_o populous_a there_o be_v two_o city_n more_o in_o this_o province_n call_v socsoa_n and_o stâ—litz_n the_o province_n of_o vstiugha_n ustiugha_n ustiugha_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o dwina_n and_o wologda_n be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o novogorod_n till_o like_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o those_o part_n it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n the_o capital_a city_n here_o be_v likewise_o call_v vstiugha_n from_o the_o word_n vst_o which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n ostium_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n and_o jugh_o it_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n jugh_o and_o sucagna_n build_v upon_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o latter_a which_o at_o some_o mile_n below_o this_o place_n exoâ—erates_v itself_o in_o the_o river_n dwina_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o it_o have_v its_o own_o weywode_n or_o governour_n this_o province_n be_v famous_a for_o the_o best_a black_a fox_n it_o afford_v above_o all_o other_o in_o muscovy_n it_o have_v two_o city_n more_o call_v kollas_n and_o dobriâ—a_n the_o next_o province_n both_o for_o rank_n and_o situation_n be_v novogorod_n veliki_n veliki_n noâ—ogorod_n veliki_n owe_v its_o name_n to_o its_o capital_a city_n likewise_o call_v novogorod_n veliki_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a fair_a spacious_a plain_n at_o 58_o degree_n 23_o min._n elevation_n upon_o the_o wologda_n or_o vologda_n a_o river_n different_a from_o the_o volga_n vologda_n the_o river_n vologda_n the_o river_n vologda_n have_v its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o lake_n of_o ilman_n about_o three_o mile_n above_o this_o city_n from_o whence_o cross_v the_o lake_n of_o ladoga_n it_o pass_v in_o its_o way_n through_o the_o river_n niova_n the_o boundary_a betwixt_o muscovy_n and_o sweden_n on_o that_o side_n near_o the_o city_n of_o noteburgh_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o gulf_n of_o finland_n it_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n this_o river_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o this_o city_n afford_v not_o only_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o most_o excellent_a fish_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n but_o also_o be_v navigable_a from_o its_o very_a source_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o very_o fruitful_a abound_v in_o wheat_n flax_n hemp_n wax_n and_o honey_n but_o especial_o in_o russia_n leather_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o here_o to_o be_v better_o dress_v than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o muscovy_n make_v this_o city_n to_o be_v repute_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n it_o be_v in_o former_a age_n govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n who_o have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o several_a of_o the_o adjacent_a province_n as_o have_v be_v mention_v before_o this_o city_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o most_o potent_a and_o celebrate_v of_o europe_n so_o that_o it_o be_v grow_v into_o a_o proverb_n in_o those_o part_n who_o can_v oppose_v god_n and_o the_o great_a city_n of_o novogorod_n the_o hanseatick_a town_n have_v in_o those_o day_n a_o office_n of_o address_n in_o this_o city_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o frequent_v by_o the_o livonian_o and_o muscovite_n but_o also_o by_o the_o dane_n german_n and_o swede_n it_o be_v surname_v veliki_n which_o signify_v great_a there_o have_v be_v some_o who_o have_v compare_v it_o for_o greatness_n with_o rome_n itself_o it_o be_v true_a they_o have_v in_o this_o much_o over-shot_a the_o mark_n nevertheless_o the_o great_a extent_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a wall_n and_o the_o number_n of_o its_o steeple_n yet_o remain_v be_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o its_o foâ—mer_a glory_n and_o that_o its_o present_a condition_n fall_v incomparable_o short_a of_o what_o it_o be_v before_o its_o destruction_n the_o city_n be_v now_o only_o surround_v with_o a_o wooden_a wall_n and_o the_o house_n build_v of_o the_o same_o material_n the_o first_o that_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o place_n be_v vithold_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o at_o that_o time_n general_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1427._o oblige_v it_o to_o pay_v a_o considerable_a tribute_n to_o that_o crown_n about_o fifty_o year_n after_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basili_n grotsdin_n famous_a for_o his_o tyranny_n after_o a_o war_n of_o seven_o year_n have_v defeat_v their_o army_n in_o the_o year_n 1477._o force_v they_o to_o do_v he_o â—omage_n and_o to_o receive_v a_o muscovian_a governor_n and_o soon_o after_o put_v a_o fatal_a period_n to_o this_o great_a and_o poâ—ent_a city_n for_o have_v consider_v with_o himself_o that_o its_o inhabitant_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o take_v hold_n of_o the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n go_v thither_o in_o person_n under_o pretence_n of_o establish_v the_o greek_a religion_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v in_o danger_n by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o the_o roman_a catholic_n be_v encourage_v in_o his_o design_n by_o theophilus_n the_o then_o archbishop_n of_o the_o city_n he_o have_v no_o soon_o enter_v the_o city_n but_o it_o be_v by_o his_o order_n pillage_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n transport_v from_o thence_o into_o other_o place_n of_o muscovy_n but_o especial_o to_o nisenovogorod_a which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o in_o who_o stead_n he_o plant_v there_o a_o colony_n of_o muscovite_n the_o booty_n which_o he_o get_v there_o be_v incredible_a have_v beside_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a stuff_n and_o other_o sumptuous_a movable_n carry_v away_o three_o hundred_o wagon_n load_v with_o gold_n silver_n and_o jewel_n about_o fourscore_o year_n after_o viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1569._o the_o then_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basilowitz_n have_v conceive_v the_o same_o suspicion_n enter_v the_o city_n with_o a_o army_n and_o after_o he_o have_v cause_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n to_o be_v trample_v to_o death_n by_o the_o horse_n foot_n and_o some_o thousand_o kill_v by_o the_o sword_n such_o a_o multitude_n of_o dead_a body_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o river_n wolgda_n that_o its_o current_n be_v stop_v the_o neighbour_a field_n be_v overflow_v round_o about_o the_o town_n the_o stench_n of_o the_o dead_a carcase_n cause_v such_o a_o infection_n in_o the_o air_n that_o what_o have_v escape_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v destroy_v either_o by_o the_o plague_n or_o famine_n no_o body_n dare_v to_o venture_v to_o carry_v thither_o any_o provision_n but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o inhuman_a of_o all_o be_v that_o even_o the_o few_o remnant_n that_o have_v escape_v his_o former_a cruelty_n the_o plague_n and_o famine_n have_v feed_v upon_o dead_a carcase_n be_v at_o last_o all_o cut_n to_o piece_n by_o the_o tyrant_n soldier_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o calamity_n sustain_v its_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o commerce_n have_v in_o process_n of_o time_n draw_v thither_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n by_o who_o industry_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o that_o state_n it_o appear_v now_o which_o though_o it_o must_v only_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o mere_a shadow_n of_o that_o great_a body_n it_o represent_v in_o former_a age_n nevertheless_o next_o to_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n it_o may_v pass_v for_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a trade_n town_n in_o those_o part_n for_o beside_o the_o wooden_a fortification_n we_o have_v mention_v before_o it_o have_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n opposite_a to_o the_o city_n and_o join_v to_o it_o by_o a_o bridge_n this_o castle_n be_v surround_v by_o a_o strong_a stone_n wall_n be_v
under_o their_o own_o weywode_n but_o the_o city_n be_v inhabit_v both_o by_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n who_o have_v their_o own_o governor_n the_o province_n of_o casan_n lie_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n border_v to_o the_o east_n upon_o astrachan_n to_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o siberian_a tartar_n it_o be_v heretofore_o subject_a to_o the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n till_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o great_a duke_n basili_n ivanovit_n father_n to_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n ivan_n basilovit_n after_o a_o signal_n victory_n obtain_v over_o these_o tartar_n casan_n the_o conquest_n of_o casan_n have_v constitute_v one_o sheale_n their_o governor_n against_o who_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n they_o make_v a_o insurrection_n and_o force_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n flush_v with_o this_o success_n they_o march_v into_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brother_n mendligeri_fw-la and_o sapgeri_fw-la who_o force_v the_o muscovite_n that_o be_v encamp_v near_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la to_o retreat_n under_o noviogorod_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o their_o way_n to_o stop_v their_o march_n to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o same_o be_v besiege_v take_v and_o plunder_v and_o the_o castle_n also_o force_v to_o capitulate_v be_v first_o reduce_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n upon_o very_o hard_a condition_n viz._n that_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v tributary_n to_o they_o for_o ever_o and_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o this_o their_o subjection_n the_o great_a duke_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o smite_v his_o head_n before_o the_o statue_n of_o mendligeri_fw-la erect_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o market_n place_n of_o the_o city_n as_o often_o as_o the_o tribute_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v be_v force_v by_o a_o unavoidable_a necessity_n to_o confirm_v these_o article_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n the_o two_o brother_n part_v sapgeri_n choose_v casan_n for_o the_o seat_n of_o his_o empire_n mendligeri_fw-la be_v the_o elder_a the_o city_n of_o crim._n but_o the_o latter_a have_v in_o view_n no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a muscovy_n march_v soon_o after_o against_o the_o city_n of_o rhesan_n and_o have_v summon_v john_n kowar_n the_o weywode_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o surrender_v unto_o who_o he_o represent_v how_o the_o great_a duke_n his_o master_n be_v become_v his_o subject_n the_o governor_n pretend_v to_o be_v quite_o ignorant_a of_o the_o matter_n desire_v that_o some_o more_o satisfactory_a proof_n may_v be_v give_v he_o before_o he_o can_v resolve_v upon_o a_o capitulation_n mendligeri_fw-la imagine_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o convince_a than_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v own_o letter_n patent_n send_v they_o to_o the_o governor_n who_o extreme_o glad_a of_o have_v get_v so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o recover_v by_o this_o stratagem_n the_o great_a duke_n original_a letter_n send_v word_n to_o the_o besieger_n that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v both_o the_o letter_n and_o castle_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o blood_n neither_o be_v he_o behind_o hand_n in_o his_o promise_n but_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o certain_a italian_a connoneer_n he_o so_o galled_a the_o tartar_n that_o have_v force_v they_o to_o retreat_n from_o before_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o send_v the_o letter_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n the_o people_n be_v overjoy_v at_o so_o lucky_a and_o unexpected_a a_o accident_n break_v down_o the_o statue_n and_o the_o czar_n take_v courage_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o subject_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o casan_n but_o after_o much_o blood_n shed_v on_o both_o side_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n ivanovitz_n his_o son_n john_n basilovitz_n be_v desirous_a to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n his_o father_n have_v receive_v before_o casan_n begin_v his_o reign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o city_n the_o place_n be_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n batter_v furious_o when_o he_o offer_v they_o very_o advantageous_a condition_n which_o they_o have_v refuse_v in_o hope_n of_o succour_n from_o the_o crim_n tartar_n the_o great_a duke_n not_o to_o loose_v time_n order_v his_o mine_n to_o be_v spring_v which_o succeed_v so_o well_o that_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tartar_n be_v bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n during_o this_o consternation_n the_o general_n assault_v be_v give_v and_o the_o place_v carry_v by_o storm_n the_o 9th_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n 1552._o not_o without_o a_o great_a slaughter_n the_o tartar_n defend_v themselves_o with_o the_o utmost_a bravery_n in_o two_o several_a retrenchment_n within_o the_o city_n after_o the_o enemy_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o breach_n and_o at_o last_o see_v all_o past_a recovery_n they_o force_v their_o way_n out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n through_o the_o muscovian_a camp_n and_o get_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n casanska_n the_o czar_n know_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o make_v he_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n order_v immediate_o the_o breach_n to_o be_v repair_v and_o some_o considerable_a addition_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o castle_n ever_o since_o which_o it_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o tartar_n who_o be_v allow_v to_o live_v in_o the_o city_n not_o dare_v under_o severe_a punishment_n to_o set_v a_o foot_n between_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o country_n hereabout_o be_v extreme_o fertile_a especial_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n melon_n grow_v there_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a taste_n come_v in_o bigness_n near_o to_o our_o pompion_n but_o not_o very_o populous_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o cosack_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n volga_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n from_o the_o city_n of_o nise_n novogorod_n to_o casan_n be_v east_n and_o south_n eastward_o but_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n and_o so_o further_o to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n its_o current_n run_v from_o north_n to_o south_n about_o 60_o mile_n below_o casan_n the_o river_n kama_n come_v north-east_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o permia_n kama_n the_o river_n kama_n fall_v on_o the_o left_a side_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o about_o 30_o mile_n low_a the_o river_n zerdick_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n kama_n fall_v also_o into_o the_o same_o river_n at_o about_o 30_o miles_n distance_n from_o hence_o be_v situate_a on_o a_o little_a ascent_n the_o city_n of_o tetus_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o shoar_n resemble_v by_o its_o disorderly_a building_n rather_o a_o great_a village_n than_o a_o city_n twenty_o five_o mile_n low_a not_o many_o mile_n from_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n be_v the_o river_n vtka_n which_o rise_v near_o the_o city_n of_o bulgar_a bulgar_a the_o province_n of_o bulgar_a the_o capital_a of_o a_o tartarian_a province_n to_o which_o it_o have_v give_v its_o name_n some_o mile_n low_a be_v a_o island_n call_v staritzza_n be_v above_o 15_o mile_n long_o and_o not_o far_o below_o this_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o considerable_a city_n among_o the_o tartar_n call_v vrenoskora_n it_o be_v a_o place_n very_o delightful_a for_o its_o situation_n and_o famous_a to_o this_o day_n for_o the_o bury_v of_o one_o of_o their_o saint_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o devotion_n a_o good_a many_o mile_n lower_v at_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o two_o other_o great_a city_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o very_o pleasant_o seat_v near_o the_o river_n side_n the_o first_o be_v call_v simberska_n gora_n the_o second_o arbeuchim_n from_o a_o adjacent_a mountain_n that_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n to_o this_o day_n they_o be_v both_o destroy_v by_o tamerlan_n be_v situate_a under_o the_o 53_o deg_fw-la elâ—v_n the_o river_n wolga_n be_v hereabout_o as_o most_o all_o along_o from_o its_o very_a source_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n full_a of_o sand-bank_n and_o small_a island_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o on_o both_o shore_n render_v its_o passage_n very_o difficult_a and_o sometime_o unpassable_a for_o vessel_n of_o great_a burden_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o go_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n when_o by_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v and_o the_o river_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o be_v thaw_v the_o water_n of_o 〈◊〉_d river_n swell_v up_o to_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n so_o 〈◊〉_d often_o they_o afford_v a_o
at_o forty_o mile_n distance_n from_o hence_o wolga_n the_o 〈◊〉_d branch_n oâ—_n the_o wolga_n the_o river_n wolga_n cast_v out_o its_o second_o branch_n on_o the_o left_a side_n call_v achtobenisna_n vtsga_n which_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o branch_n call_v achtobska_n which_o we_o mention_v before_o from_o this_o place_n down_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n as_o far_o as_o astrachan_n there_o grow_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o liquorice_n of_o a_o very_a large_a size_n liquorice_n liquorice_n its_o stalk_n be_v as_o thick_a as_o a_o lusty_a man_n arm_n and_o sometime_o above_o four_o foot_n high_a the_o seed_n lie_v in_o cod_n upon_o the_o stalk_n yet_o be_v this_o inferior_a both_o in_o bigness_n and_o sweetness_n to_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o asia_n near_o the_o river_n of_o araxes_n twenty_o mile_n low_a be_v the_o city_n of_o szornogar_n seat_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o a_o high_a shoar_n near_o a_o vast_a plain_n without_o any_o tree_n or_o eminency_n its_o form_n be_v foursquare_a fortify_v with_o wooden_a tower_n and_o rampart_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosacks_n about_o 120_o mile_n hence_o be_v the_o mountainâ—_n oâ—_n polowon_a so_o call_v because_o half_a way_n betwixt_o zariza_n beforementioned_a and_o astrachan_n not_o many_o mile_n low_a be_v a_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n volga_n three_o and_o four_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n call_v buchwâ—stova_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o two_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o mile_n from_o thence_o the_o river_n wolga_n make_v a_o four_o branch_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o it_o call_v danitoska_n vtsga_n which_o do_v not_o mingle_v with_o any_o of_o the_o other_o three_o but_o disembogue_n by_o a_o particular_a channel_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n near_o 60_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o astrachan_n wolga_n the_o five_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n be_v the_o five_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n call_v mituska_n which_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o main_a river_n be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o less_o branch_n the_o one_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o danilofska_n vtsga_n just_o now_o mention_v the_o other_o after_o have_v continue_v its_o course_n for_o some_o mile_n fall_v again_o into_o the_o main_a river_n five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o astrachan_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o busan_n volga_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n ten_o mile_n below_o which_o be_v the_o six_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n call_v baltzick_n as_o be_v three_o mile_n low_a the_o seven_o call_v knilusse_n which_o make_v the_o isle_n of_o dilgoi_n within_o which_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v seat_v and_o after_o have_v encompass_v this_o island_n it_o fall_v by_o several_a channel_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o utmost_a border_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o asia_n astrachan_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n in_o this_o place_n divide_v by_o the_o river_n volga_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n side_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o dilgoi_n make_v there_o by_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o under_o the_o elevation_n of_o 26_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n it_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o now_o all_o inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n be_v tartar_n who_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o live_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v 8000_o geometrical_a foot_n about_o but_o in_o the_o adjacent_a suburb_n which_o be_v fence_v in_o only_a with_o pallisadoe_n the_o fortification_n be_v all_o very_a high_a and_o of_o stone_n which_o at_o a_o distance_n make_v a_o very_a gallant_a appearance_n especial_o towards_o the_o riverside_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o turret_n and_o steeple_n of_o stone_n but_o the_o house_n within_o the_o city_n be_v all_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o low_a its_o inside_n do_v not_o appear_v answerable_a to_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v account_v to_o be_v a_o great_a artillery_n in_o this_o place_n of_o 500_o brass_n cannon_n and_o mortar_n proportionable_a the_o garrison_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n common_o amount_v to_o 5000_o man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o two_o weywode_n and_o other_o officer_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o two_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a commerce_n it_o be_v beside_o the_o muscovite_n frequent_v not_o only_o by_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n armenian_n and_o indian_n the_o last_o of_o which_o have_v a_o particular_a place_n assign_v they_o within_o the_o city_n it_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n in_o the_o year_n 1554._o by_o the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n who_o have_v two_o year_n before_o conquer_v the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n turn_v his_o arm_n against_o those_o of_o nagaja_n then_o inhabit_v this_o city_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o it_o have_v secure_v his_o conquest_n over_o they_o by_o take_v their_o capital_a city_n he_o surround_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o the_o czar_n michael_n federovit_n add_v to_o it_o beside_o some_o new_a fortification_n that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v call_v strâ—litzagorod_n or_o the_o city_n of_o soldier_n they_o have_v their_o quarter_n assign_v they_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v this_o kingdom_n it_o will_v not_o be_v beyond_o our_o purpose_n to_o give_v a_o short_a description_n both_o of_o the_o country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v past_o all_o question_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n 〈…〉_o the_o â—_z of_o 〈…〉_o which_o be_v by_o they_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o scythian_n and_o sarmatian_n though_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tartar_n consist_v of_o several_a nation_n distinguish_v in_o their_o name_n language_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n those_o of_o nagaja_n with_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n before_o mention_v and_o some_o other_o betwixt_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v indian_n who_o have_v revolt_v from_o their_o 〈◊〉_d do_v about_o the_o year_n 1212._o settle_v themselves_o near_o the_o euxine_a sea_n upon_o the_o palus_n meotides_n the_o place_n of_o habitation_n of_o the_o ancient_n getae_n from_o whence_o they_o extend_v their_o conquest_n first_o to_o the_o river_n don_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o last_o to_o the_o wolga_n near_o which_o they_o inhabit_v to_o this_o day_n those_o of_o nagaja_n of_o who_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v at_o present_a be_v seat_v betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o wolga_n and_o jaika_n as_o far_o as_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v their_o principal_a city_n build_v as_o they_o say_v by_o a_o tartar_n king_n who_o name_n be_v astra-chan_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o astrachan_n before_o this_o country_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v inhabit_v altogether_o by_o tartar_n but_o now_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o permit_v to_o abide_v in_o the_o capital_a city_n or_o to_o build_v any_o new_a one_o nor_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n or_o village_n with_o wall_n they_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o hut_n make_v of_o bulrush_n or_o cane_n live_v their_o manner_n of_o live_v which_o be_v common_o round_a seldom_o exceed_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o english_a yard_n in_o compass_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o they_o have_v hole_n most_o like_a our_o chicken-coops_a serve_v they_o instead_o of_o chimney_n nevertheless_o the_o least_o of_o these_o hut_n have_v a_o falcon_n or_o hawk_n the_o tartar_n be_v great_a master_n in_o this_o sport_n the_o muscovite_n call_v these_o nagajan_n tartar_n polutski_n or_o vagabond_n as_o have_v no_o fix_v habitation_n in_o the_o summer_n when_o they_o ramble_v up_o and_o down_o according_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o best_a conveniency_n for_o their_o cattle_n which_o beginning_n to_o fail_v in_o one_o place_n their_o hut_n be_v put_v into_o cart_n and_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o good_n upon_o camel_n horse_n or_o ox_n and_o so_o remove_v to_o another_o towards_o the_o winter_n they_o begin_v to_o reassemble_v and_o to_o live_v in_o several_a troop_n near_o astrachan_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o arm_n by_o the_o muscovite_n which_o however_o after_o the_o frosty_a season_n be_v past_a they_o be_v oblige_v to_o redeliver_v not_o be_v otherwise_o permit_v to_o have_v any_o arm_n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a they_o stand_v upon_o their_o mutual_a defence_n against_o the_o malmuck_n tartar_n and_o those_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi they_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o grand_a czar_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v he_o
be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o muscovite_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1562_o the_o swede_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o but_o be_v however_o three_o year_n after_o recover_v by_o the_o pole_n by_o stratagem_n and_o ten_o year_n after_o that_o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o till_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a treaty_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n this_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o latter_a the_o swede_n retake_v it_o from_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n 1617._o and_o have_v keep_v it_o ever_o since_o by_o the_o ensue_a treatise_n betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n the_o three_o province_n of_o livonia_n courland_n courland_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o courland_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o river_n dune_n this_o province_n be_v miserable_o ruin_v during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n pole_n and_o swede_n and_o when_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n with_o all_o that_o be_v remain_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n make_v courland_n a_o dukedom_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o goddard_n kettler_n of_o nesselroth_n last_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o livonia_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o fief_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o william_n the_o young_a son_n of_o this_o goddard_n who_o enjoy_v the_o dukedom_n after_o his_o elder_a brother_n frederick_n die_v without_o issue_n be_v dispossess_v of_o it_o by_o sigismond_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o exile_n till_o the_o year_n 1619._o when_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o several_a foreign_a prince_n he_o be_v re-establish_v in_o his_o dukedom_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v it_o to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v goldingen_n but_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n be_v at_o mittaw_n mittaw_n mittaw_n situate_v in_o that_o part_n of_o courland_n which_o be_v call_v semgalle_n above_o thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n of_o riga_n during_o the_o first_o war_n betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o swode_n the_o latter_a take_v the_o city_n of_o mittaw_n which_o they_o fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o their_o possession_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n then_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o courland_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o gulf_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n couri-chaf_a or_o lake_n of_o courland_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n memel_fw-la memel_fw-la call_v memel_fw-la by_o the_o german_n and_o cleupeda_n by_o the_o courlander_n it_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o river_n tange_fw-la which_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o fall_v into_o the_o gulf_n it_o be_v castle_n be_v extreme_o pleasant_o situate_v and_o well_o fortify_v and_o its_o harbour_n very_o commodious_a it_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1250_o and_o belong_v to_o the_o friar_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1328_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o prussia_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o this_o city_n and_o that_o duchy_n be_v absolute_o surrender_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o remain_v ever_o since_o in_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o the_o country_n of_o livonia_n itself_o be_v not_o know_v in_o these_o part_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1158._o when_v a_o certain_a ship_n of_o bremen_n be_v force_v by_o a_o tempest_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n the_o merchant_n of_o that_o city_n begin_v to_o establish_v a_o commerce_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o this_o country_n its_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v all_o pagan_n before_o that_o time_n of_o who_o superstition_n and_o sacrifice_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v anon_o the_o first_o that_o preach_v the_o gospel_n among_o they_o be_v menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1170._o make_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o livonia_n by_o alexander_n iii_o pope_n of_o rome_n his_o successor_n bertold_v a_o monk_n of_o the_o order_n of_o white_a friar_n not_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v for_o employ_v the_o sword_n in_o convert_v these_o idolatrous_a people_n who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n kill_v he_o with_o above_o 10000_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o christian_a interest_n be_v in_o the_o utmost_a danger_n of_o have_v be_v quite_o lose_v in_o that_o country_n have_v not_o the_o prudence_n of_o albert_n a_o canon_n of_o bremen_n and_o successor_n to_o bertold_v in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o livonia_n in_o part_n restore_v what_o the_o former_a have_v lose_v for_o he_o knight_n livonian_a knight_n the_o better_a to_o establish_v the_o christian_a interest_n in_o these_o part_n by_o the_o authority_n receive_v from_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o livonian_a knight_n or_o friar_n of_o the_o short_a sword_n so_o call_v because_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o white_a cloak_n a_o red_a short_a sword_n with_o a_o star_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o they_o have_v change_v since_o into_o two_o short_a sword_n salter-wise_a they_o be_v oblige_v almost_o to_o the_o same_o rule_n with_o the_o knights-templar_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o barbarian_n and_o to_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o that_o they_o gain_v from_o their_o enemy_n but_o in_o regard_n this_o new_a religious_a order_n at_o first_o be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o subsist_v upon_o its_o own_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o order_n of_o st._n mary_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o year_n 1238._o in_o the_o person_n of_o herman_n balek_n grand_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n have_v a_o dependence_n from_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o that_o order_n till_o be_v hardly_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n first_o claim_v the_o title_n over_o these_o lord_n or_o master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o they_o become_v entire_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n when_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n with_o his_o suffragans_fw-la and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o knightly_a order_n who_o have_v in_o part_n free_v himself_o of_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o prussia_n be_v receive_v among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o convenient_a situation_n have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n look_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o wishful_a eye_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o enter_v it_o with_o a_o very_a powerful_a army_n but_o be_v vanquish_v in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n fight_v betwixt_o they_o and_o walter_n de_fw-fr plattenbergh_n master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n where_o 40000_o muscovite_n be_v kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n which_o oblige_v they_o to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o livonian_o for_o fifty_o year_n this_o be_v expire_v the_o grand_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basilovit_n be_v flush_v with_o his_o late_a conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v then_o betwixt_o the_o master_n of_o the_o knightly_a order_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n enter_v livonia_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n and_o have_v ruin_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o derpt_a or_o torpat_v and_o wirland_n retreat_v into_o muscovy_n this_o have_v put_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n they_o be_v for_o seek_v aid_n in_o all_o part_n and_o have_v make_v their_o first_o application_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o with_o little_a success_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n which_o be_v the_o most_o expose_v of_o all_o offer_v to_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v be_v refuse_v they_o have_v recourse_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o likewise_o refuse_v they_o the_o desire_a succour_n of_o man_n and_o money_n unless_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n in_o which_o case_n he_o will_v maintain_v they_o in_o their_o privilege_n the_o city_n and_o adjacent_a nobility_n separate_v from_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1560._o in_o the_o mean_a while_n
before_o part_v appoint_v the_o time_n of_o their_o rendezvouz_n against_o next_o spring_n in_o one_o of_o these_o isle_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o great_a exploit_n they_o have_v former_o do_v against_o the_o turk_n have_v gain_v they_o no_o small_a reputation_n among_o the_o pole_n therefore_o stephen_n batori_fw-la prince_n of_o transilvania_n and_o afterward_o elect_v king_n of_o poland_n have_v consider_v with_o himself_o that_o these_o cosack_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n not_o only_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a crim_n or_o precopian_a tartar_n but_o also_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o considerable_a addition_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o horse_n will_v in_o effect_n be_v render_v more_o formidable_a when_o augment_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o number_n of_o foot_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o consideration_n he_o resolve_v to_o put_v these_o vagabond_n soldier_n into_o a_o good_a order_n and_o discipline_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o grant_v to_o they_o beside_o their_o pay_n very_o considerable_a priledge_n and_o put_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o general_n of_o their_o own_o with_o a_o power_n to_o choose_v such_o officer_n under_o he_o as_o he_o esteem_v most_o fit_a for_o service_n have_v thus_o reduce_v they_o into_o one_o body_n he_o give_v they_o the_o city_n of_o techtimoravia_n with_o all_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o it_o which_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o boristhenes_n they_o make_v it_o their_o magazine_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o their_o governor_n general_n and_o to_o render_v this_o body_n the_o more_o serviceable_a against_o the_o tartar_n he_o join_v to_o this_o militia_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v compose_v altogether_o of_o foot_n two_o thousand_o horse_n for_o the_o maintain_v of_o which_o he_o allot_v the_o four_o part_n of_o certain_a revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v quartan_n and_o by_o corruption_n quartian_n and_o be_v dispose_v upon_o the_o frontier_n most_o expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n by_o this_o mean_n that_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o from_o bar_n bracklavia_n and_o kiovia_n extend_v itself_o all_o along_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o the_o black-sea_n and_o be_v now_o call_v the_o vkraine_n which_o be_v before_o a_o desolate_a country_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n fill_v with_o populous_a city_n and_o to_n as_o this_o body_n have_v do_v considerable_a service_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o maintain_v its_o frontier_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n so_o after_o sometime_o time_n it_o prove_v very_o dangerous_a have_v several_a time_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o republic_n for_o be_v once_o make_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o strength_n they_o refuse_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n their_o first_o rebellion_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1587._o rebel_n the_o cosack_v rebel_n under_o their_o general_n john_n podkowa_o but_o be_v vanquish_v he_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o in_o the_o year_n 1596_o sigismond_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o turk_n forbid_v they_o to_o cruise_v in_o the_o black-sea_n which_o order_n they_o obey_v for_o that_o time_n but_o soon_o after_o fell_a into_o the_o polish_v russia_n and_o lithuania_n where_o they_o ravage_v the_o country_n under_o their_o general_n nalevaiko_n in_o vain_a do_v the_o king_n send_v his_o order_n for_o they_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o habitation_n they_o on_o the_o contrary_a resolve_v to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v advance_v against_o they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n zolkieuski_n the_o battle_n be_v fight_v near_o the_o city_n of_o bialacerkiovia_n where_o the_o cosack_n have_v the_o better_a of_o it_o but_o zolkieuski_n as_o he_o be_v a_o great_a general_n have_v weather_v the_o point_n for_o that_o time_n soon_o after_o get_v they_o into_o the_o trap_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v and_o deliver_v up_o their_o general_n nalevaiko_n who_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o cosack_v revolt_v again_o the_o occasion_n be_v thus_o a_o great_a many_o polish_v lord_n have_v purchase_v estate_n in_o the_o vkraine_n the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o boor_n their_o vassal_n run_v frequent_o over_o to_o they_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o their_o revenue_n can_v never_o be_v well_o secure_v as_o long_o as_o the_o cosack_v enjoy_v their_o privilege_n have_v therefore_o represent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n as_o dangerous_a to_o the_o republic_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o peasant_n that_o daily_o run_v over_o to_o they_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o polish_v general_n koniespolski_n shall_v order_v a_o fort_n to_o be_v erect_v at_o a_o certain_a point_n of_o land_n call_v kudak_v where_o the_o river_n zwamer_n fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n which_o for_o its_o situation_n they_o have_v choose_v as_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o bridle_v the_o cosack_n as_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o ordinary_a rendezvouz_n the_o cosack_n who_o be_v not_o so_o simple_a as_o not_o to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o design_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v not_o to_o suffer_v the_o bridle_n to_o be_v put_v over_o their_o head_n and_o have_v defeat_v coll._n marion_n who_o be_v leave_v there_o with_o 200_o man_n to_o see_v the_o fort_n perfect_v they_o assemble_v a_o considerable_a body_n to_o prevent_v the_o polish_v general_n in_o his_o design_n but_o at_o the_o very_a juncture_n of_o time_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v most_o unanimous_a great_a division_n arise_v among_o the_o cosack_n they_o revolt_v against_o their_o general_n sawakonowiez_n who_o they_o massacr_v and_o in_o his_o place_n set_v up_o one_o pauluck_n of_o little_a experience_n and_o less_o conduct_n in_o martial_a affair_n the_o polish_v general_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o put_v the_o fort_n in_o a_o state_n of_o defence_n they_o march_v out_o under_o their_o new_a general_n pauluck_v but_o be_v surprise_v in_o the_o plain_n near_o korsun_n before_o they_o can_v entrench_v themselves_o betwixt_o their_o wagon_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n so_o that_o be_v destitute_a of_o horse_n they_o be_v easy_o defeat_v by_o potoskiâ—_n the_o polish_v marshal_n de_fw-fr camp_n those_o that_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n get_v into_o borovit_n but_o be_v immediate_o besiege_v by_o potoski_n and_o the_o place_n be_v not_o provide_v with_o ammunition_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o surrender_v their_o general_n pauluck_n with_o four_o more_o of_o their_o principal_a officer_n who_o be_v afterward_o behead_v at_o warsaw_n notwithstanding_o their_o life_n be_v secure_v to_o they_o by_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v also_o decree_v at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o warsaw_n that_o not_o only_o all_o their_o privilege_n and_o the_o city_n of_o teâ—â—htimoravia_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o king_n stephen_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o also_o a_o new_a body_n of_o militia_n shall_v be_v erect_v in_o their_o stead_n but_o the_o cosack_v be_v not_o discourage_v at_o this_o resolution_n resolve_v also_o on_o their_o side_n to_o try_v the_o utmost_a for_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o after_o have_v protest_v to_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o will_v remain_v steadfast_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n provide_v they_o be_v maintain_v in_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n they_o fight_v a_o second_o time_n with_o potoski_n in_o the_o vkraine_n but_o with_o not_o much_o better_a success_n than_o before_o so_o that_o find_v their_o circumstance_n desperate_a they_o entrench_v themselves_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n upon_o the_o river_n statcza_n where_o during_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n the_o pole_n attack_v they_o at_o several_a time_n with_o great_a vigour_n but_o be_v as_o often_o repulse_v with_o all_o the_o bravery_n imaginable_a so_o that_o find_v there_o be_v no_o good_a to_o be_v do_v with_o these_o desperate_a cosack_n they_o be_v force_v to_o come_v to_o a_o capitulation_n with_o they_o and_o to_o confirm_v all_o their_o former_a privilege_n and_o to_o promise_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o their_o militia_n upon_o the_o same_o foot_n as_o before_o under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o own_o general_n choose_v by_o the_o king_n but_o this_o capitulation_n be_v almost_o as_o soon_o break_v as_o make_v for_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o cajole_v the_o cosack_n out_o of_o their_o advantageous_a post_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v either_o cut_v to_o piece_n or_o plunder_v by_o the_o pole_n their_o militia_n be_v not_o
of_o the_o stomach_n the_o cellar_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v always_o well_o furnish_v with_o hydromel_n or_o mead_n aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la strong_a beer_n sack_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o strong_a wine_n for_o the_o rhinish_a and_o french_a wine_n be_v in_o no_o great_a esteem_n among_o they_o as_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o they_o brew_v their_o strong_a beer_n as_o we_o do_v in_o march_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o cool_v their_o cellar_n not_o be_v vault_a during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n they_o make_v a_o bed_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n mix_v together_o and_o then_o a_o layer_n of_o barrel_n upon_o they_o another_o bed_n of_o ice_n and_o then_o again_o a_o row_n of_o barrel_n which_o they_o cover_v with_o straw_n and_o plank_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o vault_n they_o be_v very_o splendid_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o equipage_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o slave_n all_o which_o however_o they_o do_v without_o any_o great_a expense_n for_o asmuch_o as_o what_o provision_n they_o want_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o horse_n be_v bring_v from_o their_o farm_n in_o the_o country_n and_o as_o for_o those_o slave_n they_o entertain_v in_o the_o city_n they_o allow_v they_o board-wage_n but_o so_o scanty_o that_o they_o can_v scarce_o live_v upon_o it_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a cause_n that_o so_o many_o riot_n and_o murder_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o that_o in_o hay-making_a time_n the_o road_n lead_v to_o this_o city_n be_v so_o unsafe_a to_o travel_v there_o be_v about_o that_o time_n so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o slave_n abroad_o work_v in_o the_o field_n person_n of_o quality_n and_o the_o rich_a merchant_n in_o musco_n keep_v for_o this_o reason_n a_o guard_n in_o their_o court_n who_o watch_v all_o night_n and_o be_v to_o knock_v every_o hour_n with_o a_o stick_n upon_o a_o board_n interment_n their_o interment_n as_o many_o knock_n at_o a_o time_n as_o the_o clock_n have_v strike_v hour_n they_o be_v very_o ceremonious_a in_o their_o interment_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o sick_a person_n depart_v but_o all_o the_o kindred_n and_o friend_n come_v and_o stand_v about_o the_o body_n make_v most_o horrid_a outcry_n and_o lamentation_n they_o ask_v he_o why_o he_o will_v die_v whether_o he_o want_v meat_n and_o drink_v whether_o he_o have_v not_o a_o handsome_a wife_n and_o such_o like_a question_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v take_v care_n of_o be_v to_o send_v a_o present_a to_o the_o priest_n to_o pray_v for_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o decease_a party_n which_o he_o be_v to_o do_v morning_n and_o evening_n for_o six_o week_n upon_o his_o grave_n for_o though_o the_o muscovite_n do_v not_o believe_v purgatory_n yet_o they_o believe_v two_o different_a place_n where_o the_o soul_n retire_v till_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n some_o they_o say_v abide_v in_o a_o pleasant_a place_n where_o they_o enjoy_v the_o conversation_n of_o angel_n other_o in_o a_o dark_a valley_n where_o they_o be_v pester_v with_o the_o company_n of_o devil_n they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o prayer_n of_o priest_n and_o monk_n the_o soul_n may_v be_v deliver_v out_o of_o this_o place_n of_o misery_n and_o god_n wrath_n be_v appease_v against_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o those_o that_o be_v able_a give_v frequent_a alm_n during_o these_o six_o week_n before_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n which_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o body_n be_v well_o wash_v the_o shroud_n or_o a_o clean_a shirt_n put_v about_o it_o and_o a_o pair_n of_o new_a shoe_n on_o the_o foot_n with_o the_o arm_n across_o the_o breast_n at_o the_o funeral_n solemnity_n ceremony_n funeral_n ceremony_n the_o priest_n go_v first_o carrying_z the_o image_n of_o that_o saint_n which_o have_v be_v assign_v the_o decease_a at_o his_o baptism_n for_o his_o patron_n he_o follow_v four_o virgin_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a who_o represent_v the_o mourner_n and_o make_v most_o horrid_a outcry_n and_o lamentation_n all_o in_o a_o tune_n not_o unlike_o the_o wild_a irish_a then_o follow_v the_o body_n carry_v by_o six_o man_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n the_o kindred_n and_o friend_n follow_v the_o body_n without_o any_o order_n with_o wax-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n whilst_o the_o priest_n be_v sing_v certain_a psalm_n they_o surround_v the_o body_n and_o by_o their_o incense_v keep_v off_o the_o evil_a spirit_n be_v come_v to_o the_o grave_a the_o coffin_n be_v uncover_v and_o the_o same_o saint_n that_o be_v carry_v before_o the_o procession_n be_v hold_v over_o he_o the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n say_v certain_a prayer_n and_o repeat_v frequent_o these_o word_n lord_n look_v upon_o this_o soul_n in_o righteousness_n and_o the_o widow_n continue_v but_o how_o hearty_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v guess_v consider_v their_o usage_n her_o former_a lamentation_n timming_n dooshink_v alas_o my_o dear_a why_o will_v thou_o leave_v i_o thus_o and_o repeat_v the_o same_o question_n we_o have_v mention_v before_o then_o the_o kindred_n and_o friend_n take_v their_o last_o farewell_n of_o the_o decease_a some_o kiss_v he_o some_o the_o coffin_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o priest_n have_v put_v a_o testimonial_a between_o his_o finger_n which_o be_v to_o serve_v he_o as_o a_o pass_n for_o the_o other_o world_n the_o coffin_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o put_v into_o the_o grave_a with_o the_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n the_o kindred_n after_o have_v pay_v their_o devotion_n to_o the_o image_n return_v to_o the_o house_n where_o they_o drown_v their_o sorrow_n in_o strong_a liquor_n the_o mourn_a be_v continue_v for_o forty_o day_n after_o during_o which_o the_o kindred_n be_v entertain_v at_o three_o several_a time_n viz._n the_o three_o the_o nine_o and_o twenty_o day_n and_o during_o this_o time_n of_o mourn_v the_o priest_n read_v twice_o a_o day_n as_o we_o mention_v before_o the_o psalm_n upon_o the_o grave_a have_v a_o little_a booth_n make_v up_o of_o mat_n to_o shelter_v he_o from_o the_o wether_n the_o testimonial_a or_o pass_v for_o his_o admittance_n into_o the_o other_o world_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o patriarch_n or_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o confessor_n who_o sell_v it_o according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o buy_v it_o this_o testimonial_a run_v thus_o we_o who_o name_n be_v hereunto_o subscribe_v the_o patriarch_n or_o metropolitan_a and_o priest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o n._n do_v certify_v by_o these_o present_n that_o the_o bearer_n hereof_o have_v always_o behave_v himself_o and_o live_v among_o we_o as_o become_v a_o good_a christian_a profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n and_o though_o he_o may_v have_v commit_v some_o sin_n he_o have_v confess_v the_o same_o whereupon_o he_o have_v receive_v absolution_n and_o take_v the_o communion_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o his_o sin_n that_o he_o have_v honour_v god_n and_o his_o saint_n that_o he_o have_v not_o neglect_v his_o prayer_n and_o have_v fast_v on_o the_o hour_n and_o day_n appoint_v by_o the_o church_n and_o that_o he_o have_v always_o behave_v himself_o towards_o i_o who_o be_o his_o confessor_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o i_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o he_o nor_o to_o deny_v he_o the_o absolution_n of_o his_o sin_n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v give_v he_o these_o testimonial_n to_o the_o end_n that_o st._n peter_n upon_o sight_n of_o they_o may_v not_o deny_v he_o the_o open_n of_o the_o gate_n of_o eternal_a bliss_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n law_n and_o justiciary_a proceed_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o state_n of_o muscovy_n or_o its_o political_a government_n of_o which_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o chapter_n be_v not_o only_o monarchical_a but_o also_o despotical_a or_o absolute_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o czar_n be_v sole_a and_o absolute_a master_n over_o all_o his_o subject_n dispose_n without_o control_v of_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o most_o ancient_a time_n do_v the_o king_n of_o assyria_n media_n and_o persia_n who_o govern_v their_o subject_n not_o otherwise_o than_o a_o lord_n do_v his_o slave_n and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o this_o day_n in_o turkey_n where_o the_o grand_a signior_n dispose_v of_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o his_o subject_n at_o pleasure_n the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n possess_v with_o so_o uncontrolled_a a_o power_n as_o hereditary_a sovereign_n of_o these_o vast_a country_n we_o have_v give_v a_o short_a description_n of_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o knez_n or_o lord_n so_o great_a in_o all_o these_o vast_a dominion_n but_o who_o without_o reluctancy_n confess_v that_o
toâ—e_v her_o hair_n and_o face_n and_o thus_o run_v into_o the_o street_n cry_v out_o like_o a_o distract_a creature_n either_o restore_v i_o my_o husband_n demetrius_n or_o else_o take_v pity_n of_o i_o and_o let_v the_o same_o sword_n that_o so_o barbarous_o murder_v he_o send_v i_o also_o to_o the_o grave_a after_o the_o first_o transport_v be_v a_o little_a over_o she_o run_v in_o great_a fury_n with_o a_o dagger_n in_o her_o hand_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o call_v to_o those_o she_o know_v by_o their_o name_n dear_a friend_n say_v she_o either_o revenge_n the_o murder_n of_o my_o dear_a lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v a_o act_n of_o charity_n towards_o i_o take_v here_o cry_v she_o this_o dagger_n and_o with_o it_o deliver_v i_o from_o that_o life_n which_o since_o the_o fatal_a end_n of_o my_o husband_n can_v but_o be_v loathsome_a and_o burdensome_a to_o i_o the_o cosack_n not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o tear_n and_o prayer_n of_o this_o charm_a lady_n fall_v with_o great_a fury_n upon_o the_o tartar_n who_o they_o massacre_v wherever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o street_n and_o very_o few_o will_v have_v escape_v their_o fury_n have_v they_o not_o at_o last_o be_v appease_v by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o their_o leader_n zarucki_n after_o the_o cosack_n have_v sacrifice_v several_a hundred_o of_o the_o tartar_n to_o the_o mane_n of_o demetrius_n and_o the_o just_a resentment_n of_o marina_n demetrius_n a_o three_o demetrius_n those_o of_o caluga_n choose_v and_o proclaim_v the_o son_n of_o demetrius_n and_o marina_n emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o though_o it_o be_v most_o general_o believe_v that_o marina_n be_v barren_a and_o this_o pretend_a son_n a_o supposititious_a child_n yet_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v willing_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o imposture_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o polish_v interest_n address_v himself_o to_o the_o russian_n offer_v they_o his_o aid_n with_o all_o his_o force_n if_o they_o will_v engage_v to_o acknowledge_v after_o the_o example_n of_o caluga_n this_o son_n of_o demetrius_n great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n of_o russia_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v chase_v the_o roll_n out_o of_o muscovy_n zolkievitski_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n perceive_v himself_o slight_v by_o king_n sigismond_n who_o he_o find_v to_o have_v take_v quite_o contrary_a measure_n to_o what_o have_v be_v agree_v on_o betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o king_n order_n he_o leave_v the_o army_n under_o pretence_n of_o go_v to_o fetch_v prince_n vladislaus_n to_o musco_n and_o take_v his_o way_n by_o smolensko_n to_o show_v his_o discontent_n he_o only_o salute_v the_o king_n and_z without_o any_o further_a stay_n retire_v into_o poland_n the_o affair_n of_o russia_n have_v thus_o for_o a_o while_o hang_v in_o suspense_n whilst_o the_o people_n be_v keep_v under_o by_o the_o apprehension_n of_o a_o double_a danger_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o pole_n within_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o capital_a city_n and_o the_o demetrian_a force_n at_o caluga_n they_o begin_v now_o to_o change_v face_n and_o to_o appear_v with_o another_o countenance_n for_o the_o muscovite_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n find_v king_n sigismond_n resolute_a in_o not_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n into_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o captive_a zuski_n and_o their_o ambassador_n be_v send_v away_o prisoner_n into_o poland_n and_o that_o the_o king_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a administration_n of_o affair_n put_v such_o officer_n into_o all_o place_n of_o trust_n as_o he_o think_v most_o convenient_a for_o his_o purpose_n they_o begin_v to_o conceive_v great_a jealousy_n and_o be_v now_o by_o the_o death_n of_o demetrius_n deliver_v from_o their_o fear_n on_o that_o side_n prepare_v for_o a_o open_a revolt_n in_o order_n to_o prevent_v their_o empire_n from_o become_v a_o province_n of_o poland_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o king_n sigismond_n whilst_o he_o therefore_o waste_v himself_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n which_o he_o think_v ignominious_a to_o abandon_v before_o it_o be_v reduce_v and_o thereby_o let_v slip_v the_o most_o favourable_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n of_o establish_v his_o affair_n in_o that_o empire_n the_o muscovite_n have_v by_o his_o delay_n sufficient_a leisure_n give_v they_o to_o reunite_v themselves_o and_o make_v provision_n for_o their_o future_a security_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v in_o arm_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o be_v one_o lepanovit_n a_o man_n of_o a_o great_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o muscovy_n he_o have_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n have_v make_v secret_a levy_n and_o appear_v with_o a_o body_n near_o peresla_n invite_v and_o gain_v most_o of_o the_o boyar_n and_o nobility_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n into_o his_o party_n he_o also_o send_v his_o messenger_n into_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n to_o represent_v to_o his_o countryman_n the_o breach_n of_o faith_n of_o the_o pole_n how_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o capital_a city_n break_v the_o article_n agree_v on_o betwixt_o both_o nation_n by_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o not_o send_v their_o prince_n vladislaus_n into_o muscovy_n how_o that_o they_o not_o only_o keep_v the_o zuski_n but_o also_o their_o ambassador_n prisoner_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n treat_v they_o not_o like_o a_o free_a people_n but_o as_o slave_n depend_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o conqueror_n he_o exhort_v they_o to_o shake_v off_o this_o foreign_a yoke_n and_o by_o give_v timely_a assistance_n to_o secure_v themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n against_o the_o insolence_n of_o their_o mortal_a enemy_n the_o pole_n this_o have_v the_o desire_a effect_n for_o the_o country_n flock_v in_o from_o all_o part_n so_o that_o another_o great_a army_n be_v raise_v near_o nisi_fw-la novogorod_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prosowecki_n a_o lord_n of_o a_o very_a eminent_a rank_n in_o muscovy_n and_o zarucki_n join_v his_o force_n with_o they_o under_o condition_n that_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v clear_v their_o country_n from_o the_o pole_n they_o shall_v proclaim_v the_o young_a demetrius_n their_o great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n which_o they_o be_v very_o free_a to_o promise_v though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o intention_n to_o perform_v it_o as_o zarucki_n find_v afterward_o to_o his_o cost_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o unadvertise_v of_o the_o design_n of_o the_o muscovite_n but_o the_o king_n force_n before_o smolensko_n be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o siege_n against_o a_o strong_a garrison_n he_o can_v not_o spare_v any_o to_o disperse_v these_o levy_n and_o the_o pole_n within_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o maintain_v their_o post_n and_o keep_v that_o vast_a multitude_n of_o people_n in_o subjection_n so_o that_o these_o levy_n from_o a_o small_a beginning_n be_v improve_v into_o a_o great_a bulk_n the_o polish_v force_n which_o be_v quarter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o country_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o obedience_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v able_a to_o attack_v they_o that_o they_o be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o keep_v on_o the_o defensive_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v now_o encourage_v by_o these_o muscovian_a lord_n appear_v in_o arm_n think_v it_o now_o time_n to_o throw_v off_o the_o mask_n and_o to_o give_v the_o pole_n very_o sensible_a proof_n of_o their_o aversion_n towards_o they_o a_o design_n therefore_o be_v lay_v among_o they_o upon_o a_o signal_n give_v to_o assemble_v and_o massacre_v all_o the_o pole_n within_o the_o city_n the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v at_o that_o time_n much_o big_a than_o it_o ever_o be_v before_o or_o since_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a confluence_n of_o stranger_n who_o during_o these_o intestine_a commotion_n be_v retire_v thither_o out_o of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n for_o sanctuary_n so_o that_o it_o be_v compute_v to_o comprehend_v in_o its_o circuit_n above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o house_n all_o this_o vast_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n be_v enrage_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n against_o the_o pole_n be_v ready_a to_o lend_v a_o help_a hand_n to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n of_o the_o conspirator_n they_o only_o want_v a_o head_n to_o lead_v they_o on_o to_o put_v it_o in_o execution_n a_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o so_o private_o but_o that_o gaziowski_n who_o then_o command_v the_o pole_n in_o chief_a have_v timely_a notice_n of_o their_o project_v design_n but_o think_v it_o
shall_v be_v less_o dilatory_a and_o criminal_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o judge_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n with_o their_o assistant_n whereas_o most_o of_o the_o criminal_n be_v before_o that_o time_n bring_v to_o musco_n with_o no_o less_o trouble_n to_o the_o prisoner_n than_o charge_v to_o the_o czar_n he_o be_v a_o great_a admirer_n of_o monarchy_n and_o a_o patron_n of_o the_o english_a as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n bogdan_n matfeilt_n always_o be_v a_o secret_a enemy_n both_o to_o nashockin_n and_o the_o english_a but_o a_o great_a friend_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o use_v to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n by_o great_a present_n this_o bogdan_n be_v breed_v up_o with_o the_o czar_n from_o a_o child_n and_o be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o age._n he_o be_v lord_n high_a sreward_n of_o the_o household_n have_v in_o his_o disposal_n all_o domestic_a affair_n he_o use_v to_o be_v call_v the_o whisper_a favourite_n because_o the_o czar_n ask_v his_o advice_n often_o in_o his_o closet_n than_o at_o the_o councel-board_n it_o be_v by_o his_o connivance_n that_o the_o jew_n get_v secret_o foot_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n whereas_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v abominable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n because_o they_o supply_v he_o with_o handsome_a young_a slave_n out_o of_o poland_n which_o he_o entertaineâ—_n for_o his_o pleasure_n some_o in_o the_o country_n and_o some_o in_o his_o palace_n in_o musco_n his_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o these_o slave_n show_v her_o reâ—entment_n at_o several_a time_n in_o so_o outrageous_a a_o manner_n that_o her_o death_n be_v resolve_v on_o she_o be_v one_o night_n poison_v in_o a_o plate_n of_o sweetmeat_n or_o as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n himself_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o majestic_a deportment_n michaelovit_n the_o character_n of_o alexis_n michaelovit_n tall_a inkling_n to_o fat_a of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n and_o light_a brown_a hair_n beautiful_a and_o charitable_a but_o severe_a in_o his_o anger_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a memory_n strict_a in_o his_o devotion_n and_o a_o great_a favourer_n of_o his_o religion_n in_o the_o observance_n of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o strict_a man_n in_o the_o world_n for_o he_o never_o miss_v divinâ—_n service_n and_o if_o indispose_a use_v to_o have_v it_o perform_v in_o his_o bedchamber_n on_o fast-day_n he_o will_v frequent_v midnight_n prayer_n stand_v four_o or_o five_o hour_n together_o prostrate_v himself_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o the_o great_a fast_n he_o will_v eat_v but_o three_o meal_n a_o week_n be_v content_v for_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o brown_a bread_n and_o salt_n a_o pickle_a mushroon_n or_o cucumber_n and_o a_o cup_n of_o quas_fw-la or_o small_a mead._n in_o short_a it_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o he_o that_o no_o monk_n be_v ever_o more_o observant_a of_o the_o canonical_a hour_n than_o he_o of_o fast_n it_o have_v be_v compute_v that_o he_o fast_v above_o eight_o month_n in_o the_o year_n he_o will_v also_o frequent_o appear_v at_o the_o procession_n bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n and_o be_v always_o a_o declare_a patron_n of_o the_o muscovite_n church_n notwithstanding_o which_o he_o will_v sometime_o make_v bold_a with_o the_o church_n revenue_n upon_o loan_n in_o time_n of_o war_n which_o he_o be_v not_o very_o careful_a to_o repay_v know_v that_o the_o church_n treasury_n which_o be_v supply_v out_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n may_v now_o and_o then_o dispense_v with_o a_o loss_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o public_a he_o also_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o restrain_v the_o profuse_a bounty_n of_o die_a man_n to_o the_o clergy_n neither_o will_v he_o ever_o suffer_v a_o monastery_n to_o be_v found_v without_o his_o licence_n every_o good-friday_n he_o use_v to_o visit_v in_o the_o night_n all_o the_o prison_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o take_v personal_a cognisance_n of_o all_o the_o prisoner_n among_o who_o he_o will_v buy_v out_o some_o that_o be_v in_o debt_n and_o release_v other_o that_o be_v criminal_n and_o bestow_v sometime_o great_a sum_n for_o the_o use_n of_o such_o as_o he_o know_v to_o be_v real_o necessitate_v he_o will_v cause_v the_o empress_n to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o to_o redeem_v yearly_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o woman_n out_o of_o prison_n he_o order_v also_o at_o about_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o imperial_a city_n work-house_n to_o be_v build_v for_o hemp_n and_o flax_n in_o that_o good_a order_n beauty_n and_o capacity_n that_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o employ_v all_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o kingdom_n with_o work_n have_v settle_v for_o that_o use_n a_o good_a many_o mile_n of_o waste_a land_n by_o which_o he_o improve_v the_o manufacture_n of_o the_o country_n and_o feed_v his_o labourer_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n he_o assign_v that_o part_n of_o the_o building_n where_o the_o woman_n be_v employ_v for_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o empress_n he_o be_v of_o so_o mild_a a_o temper_n that_o he_o seldom_o condemn_v any_o to_o death_n but_o most_o common_o to_o the_o strappado_n and_o banishment_n into_o siberia_n be_v one_o time_n urge_v by_o some_o of_o his_o foreign_a officer_n to_o make_v it_o death_n for_o any_o man_n to_o desert_n his_o colour_n he_o answer_v they_o that_o he_o think_v that_o will_v be_v too_o hard_a upon_o the_o poor_a soldier_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v every_o man_n a_o equal_a share_n of_o courage_n notwithstanding_o these_o his_o mild_a and_o charitable_a inclination_n he_o be_v of_o a_o warlike_a spirit_n have_v be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o pole_n swede_n crim-tartar_n and_o turk_n for_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o the_o advantage_n the_o pole_n have_v get_v during_o the_o late_a intestine_a commotion_n in_o muscovy_n by_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o severia_n and_o sâ—olâ—â—sko_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o which_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v by_o his_o father_n mâ—chael_n federoviâ—s_v after_o his_o disgrace_n receive_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o the_o term_n of_o the_o say_a truce_n be_v now_o expire_v when_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o mortal_a quarrel_n with_o the_o cosack_n he_o look_v upon_o this_o juncture_n as_o the_o most_o fabourable_a that_o can_v be_v by_o the_o recovery_n of_o these_o province_n to_o secure_v his_o frontier_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o neighbour_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v settle_v a_o correspondence_n with_o chmielniski_n the_o then_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o offer_v they_o his_o protection_n these_o be_v aâ—_n first_o very_o successful_a against_o the_o pole_n of_o who_o they_o kill_v ten_o thousand_o upon_o the_o spot_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o the_o pole_n have_v draw_v out_o a_o second_o time_n their_o whole_a force_n against_o they_o be_v again_o miserable_o beat_v by_o the_o cosack_n till_o at_o last_o have_v commit_v great_a depredation_n in_o poland_n king_n john_n casimir_n be_v oblige_v to_o march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o who_o have_v total_o rout_v they_o they_o embrace_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n pole_n hâ—s_n wâ—r_n with_o the_o pole_n he_o find_v himself_o thus_o strengthen_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o force_n do_v apply_v all_o his_o care_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o smolensko_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v bring_v together_o a_o great_a army_n smolensko_n the_o take_v of_o smolensko_n and_o a_o vast_a train_n of_o artislery_n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n in_o the_o year_n 1653._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o resolute_a defence_n of_o the_o polish_v garrison_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o take_n of_o which_o place_n be_v chief_o attribute_v to_o the_o cosack_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n give_v the_o utmost_a proof_n of_o their_o bravery_n and_o hatred_n against_o the_o pole_n during_o this_o memorable_a siege_n have_v thus_o open_v his_o way_n into_o poland_n he_o carry_v the_o terror_n of_o his_o victorious_a arm_n into_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n he_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v many_o city_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o also_o the_o capital_a city_n vilna_n take_v vilna_n call_v vilna_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o place_n the_o muscovite_n commit_v most_o horrid_a barbarity_n in_o retaliation_n as_o they_o say_v of_o those_o calamity_n they_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o polish_v invasion_n during_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n in_o the_o same_o year_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n enter_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n and_o
juan_n â—elike_o or_o great_a john_n be_v build_v by_o czar_n john_n basiâ—vitz_n stand_v by_o itself_o cover_v with_o copper_n â—ilt_n its_o height_n be_v compute_v to_o be_v near_o the_o same_o â—ith_n that_o of_o st._n mark_n be_v in_o venice_n the_o second_o be_v â—nly_o remarkable_a for_o its_o great_a bell_n which_o be_v â—ot_n to_o be_v manage_v but_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o thirty_o man_n 〈◊〉_d seldom_o make_v use_n of_o but_o on_o great_a festival_n and_o 〈◊〉_d honour_n the_o entrance_n or_o audience_n of_o a_o great_a ambassador_n there_o be_v also_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o â—e_a castle_n keep_v several_a of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n â—e_z exchequer_n and_o the_o grand_a magazine_n of_o proâ—â—sion_n and_o ammunition_n immediate_o without_o the_o â—ates_n of_o the_o castle_n wall_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a church_n on_o â—â—e_z south_n side_n call_v st._n trinity_n or_o jerusalem_n â—hich_v appear_v so_o extraordinary_a a_o piece_n of_o architecture_n to_o that_o great_a tyrant_n john_n basilovit_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v finish_v he_o cause_v the_o architect_n eye_n to_o be_v pull_v out_o to_o prevent_v his_o attempt_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o hereafter_o the_o castle_n be_v face_v by_o a_o very_a fair_a spacious_a place_n the_o chief_a market_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n and_o place_n of_o resort_v not_o only_o for_o buyer_n but_o for_o person_n of_o all_o degree_n eveâ—_n 〈◊〉_d the_o very_a slave_n the_o midst_n of_o it_o be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o sempstresses_n shop_n and_o 〈◊〉_d store_n of_o other_o women-trader_n who_o 〈…〉_o of_o sell_v ring_n set_v with_o ruby_n and_o 〈…〉_o endeavour_v to_z vend_fw-mi their_o hide_a 〈…〉_o but_o what_o be_v the_o most_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a be_v that_o each_o particular_a street_n lead_v to_o this_o marketplace_n have_v a_o certain_a trade_n allot_v by_o itself_o so_o that_o the_o merceâ—_n do_v not_o intermingle_v with_o the_o woollen-draper_n noâ—_n the_o linen-draper_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n furry_a tailor_n or_o shoemaker_n but_o every_o trade_n have_v its_o proper_a station_n the_o buyer_n may_v with_o the_o great_a conveniency_n in_o the_o world_n in_o a_o instant_n cast_v his_o eye_n upon_o such_o commodity_n as_o will_v serve_v his_o occasion_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v here_o that_o the_o painter_n have_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a station_n among_o the_o rest_n here_o for_o their_o employment_n be_v to_o furnish_v the_o muscovite_n with_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n they_o deal_v with_o their_o chapman_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n or_o truck_v where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o make_v their_o own_o market_n for_o a_o muscâ—vite_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o point_n of_o conscience_n to_o buy_v or_o bargain_n for_o a_o saint_n seldom_o refuseâ—_n the_o painter_n demand_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o inner_a circuit_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n be_v take_v up_o with_o the_o house_n of_o the_o principal_a merchant_n beside_o thâ—se_a of_o some_o knez_n and_o muscovian_a lord_n the_o second_o quarter_n city_n czaargorod_n or_o the_o royal_a city_n which_o include_v the_o first_o iâ—_n a_o semicircle_n be_v call_v czaargorod_n or_o the_o city_n royal_a the_o little_a river_n neglina_n pass_v through_o it_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o particular_a wall_n call_v biela_n stenna_n oâ—_n the_o white_a wall_n here_o be_v the_o arsenal_n and_o the_o place_n call_v poggana_n appoint_v for_o the_o cast_n of_o gunâ—_n and_o bell_n in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v not_o behind_n hand_n with_o any_o other_o european_a artificer_n in_o thâ—â—_n part_n also_o live_v a_o great_a many_o knez_n lord_n and_o gentleman_n beside_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o trader_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o rest_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o butcher_n baker_n drinking-house_n corn-chandlers_n meal-shop_n and_o the_o grand_a duke_n stable_n the_o three_o quarter_n which_o run_v from_o the_o east_n all_o along_o the_o north-side_n to_o the_o west_n skoradom_n the_o three_o quarter_n of_o musco_n call_v skoradom_n include_v the_o quarter_n of_o czaargorod_n be_v call_v skoradom_n the_o little_a river_n jagusa_n run_v through_o it_o and_o afterward_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n mosca_n in_o this_o quarter_n be_v the_o abovementioned_a place_n for_o sell_v and_o buy_v of_o house_n the_o four_o and_o last_o circuit_n be_v that_o call_v strelitza_n slavoda_n slavoda_fw-it the_o four_o quarter_n call_v â—trelitza_fw-it slavoda_fw-it or_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o musqueteer_n belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n guard_n who_o have_v this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n assign_v they_o for_o their_o place_n of_o abide_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n southly_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n call_v cataygorod_n its_o rampart_n and_o bastion_n be_v all_o of_o wood_n be_v design_v against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n musco_n be_v inhabit_v not_o only_o by_o muscovite_n but_o also_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n persian_n and_o greek_n the_o latter_a be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n both_o in_o religion_n and_o manner_n be_v prefer_v by_o they_o before_o all_o other_o stranger_n they_o allow_v nevertheless_o the_o public_a exercise_n of_o religious_a worship_n not_o only_o to_o the_o lutheran_n and_o other_o protestant_n but_o also_o to_o the_o turk_n persian_n and_o tartar_n except_o the_o jew_n and_o former_o the_o roman_a catholic_n there_o be_v a_o large_a slaboda_n or_o suburb_n without_o the_o city_n gate_n of_o prokoski_n slaboda_n the_o suburb_n call_v nova_n inasemska_n slaboda_n call_v nova_n inasemska_n slaboda_n where_o most_o of_o the_o foreign_a christian_n live_v together_o every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o own_o country_n fashion_n in_o which_o place_n the_o german_n english_a and_o dutch_a etc._n etc._n do_v most_o common_o reside_v beside_o the_o grand_a duke_n palace_n and_o the_o castle_n that_o which_o appear_v most_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n of_o stranger_n be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o church_n and_o chapel_n in_o the_o city_n and_o suburb_n of_o musco_n of_o which_o their_o be_v two_o thousond_n in_o number_n every_o lord_n have_v his_o private_a chapel_n and_o each_o street_n one_o at_o least_o some_o two_o or_o three_o build_v of_o stone_n and_o of_o a_o circular_a figure_n who_o steeple_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o copper_n make_v a_o most_o glorious_a glitter_a show_n at_o a_o distance_n especial_o if_o you_o happen_v to_o approach_v the_o town_n in_o a_o bright_a sun-shiny_a day_n the_o next_o city_n of_o note_n in_o this_o province_n be_v call_v columna_fw-la columna_fw-la columna_fw-la situate_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n about_o 70_o english_a mile_n distance_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n by_o land_n it_o be_v near_o sevenscore_n miles_n by_o water_n it_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o environ_v with_o a_o very_a fair_a stone_n wall_n and_o tower_n a_o thing_n not_o very_o common_a in_o muscovy_n it_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o a_o weywode_n or_o russian_a governor_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o province_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o all_o muscovy_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a here_o be_v that_o about_o three_o mile_n above_o this_o place_n near_o the_o convent_n of_o kolutin_n serge_n monarstir_v found_v by_o one_o sergius_n a_o great_a saint_n among_o the_o muscovite_n occa._n the_o river_n occa._n the_o mosca_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la which_o come_v from_o the_o south_n be_v not_o only_o much_o largeâ—_n and_o broad_a than_o the_o former_a but_o have_v besides_o that_o on_o both_o side_n a_o noble_a country_n very_o populous_a and_o fruitful_a and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a oak_n oâ—_n both_o shore_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o rarity_n 〈◊〉_d muscovy_n render_v it_o the_o most_o delightful_a in_o the_o world_n two_o day_n journey_n from_o columna_fw-la near_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o rhesan_n be_v the_o city_n of_o peresla_n or_o preski_n seat_v upon_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la at_o 42_o degree_n 42_o min._n elevation_n be_v govern_v by_o its_o particular_a weywode_n or_o governour_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o province_n some_o otherâ—_n less_o considerable_a which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n we_o must_v pass_v by_o in_o silence_n the_o second_o province_n of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n 〈◊〉_d the_o province_n of_o werotin_n werotin_n werotin_n have_v borrow_v its_o name_n from_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n beside_o which_o it_o have_v two_o city_n more_o the_o first_o call_v croom_n the_o latter_a arvel_n all_o three_o of_o they_o so_o inconsiderable_a as_o not_o to_o deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n here_o
three_o sister_n at_o 〈◊〉_d time_n their_o woman_n and_o maid_n be_v all_o wrap_v up_o iâ—_n a_o piece_n of_o coarse_a white_a cloth_n scarce_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o their_o face_n the_o man_n wear_v a_o lonâ—_n coat_n make_v of_o linen_n cloth_n under_o which_o thâ—â—_n wear_v breeches_n they_o all_o shave_v their_o head_n thâ—_n young_a man_n who_o be_v unmarried_a leave_v however_o for_o distinction_n sake_n a_o long_a tress_n of_o hair_n hang_v upon_o their_o back_n their_o language_n be_v peculiar_a 〈◊〉_d themselves_o have_v no_o relation_n with_o that_o of_o the_o â—ther_o neighbour_a tartar_n or_o with_o the_o turkish_a 〈◊〉_d muscovian_a language_n though_o some_o of_o they_o that_o aâ—â—_n conversant_a with_o the_o muscovite_n have_v attain_v soâ—â—_n knowledge_n of_o their_o tongue_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o five_o remain_a province_n of_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n which_o be_v muâ—â—_n less_o considerable_a than_o those_o we_o have_v describe_v bâ—fore_o we_o will_v treat_v of_o with_o all_o the_o brevity_n imaginable_a scarce_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o name_n of_o their_o 〈◊〉_d place_n be_v to_o be_v know_v by_o foreigner_n the_o six_o therefore_o be_v the_o province_n of_o jarostve_n 〈◊〉_d jarostaf_n jarostaf_n jarostaf_n have_v beside_o its_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o samâ—_n name_n two_o city_n call_v riâ—iena_n and_o nova_fw-la româ—_n the_o seven_o be_v susdal_n susdal_n susdal_n have_v also_o borrow_v its_o name_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n of_o that_o name_n which_o 〈◊〉_d also_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n beside_o which_o 〈◊〉_d contain_v the_o town_n of_o jorgowitz_n and_o castroâ—mow_n the_o eight_o be_v call_v rosthou_fw-mi roâ—thou_fw-mi roâ—thou_fw-mi its_o capital_a city_n be_v vglitz_n these_o three_o dukedom_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n of_o and_o enjoy_v by_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o muscovy_n till_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o john_n basilovitz_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1565._o they_o be_v reunite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n north-east_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v the_o nine_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n be_v it_o be_v calâ—ed_v it_o be_v it_o have_v receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o capital_a city_n it_o be_v as_o the_o latter_a be_v indebt_v for_o its_o name_n to_o the_o river_n it_o be_v which_o together_o with_o â—he_n river_n of_o volga_n pass_v by_o it_o the_o city_n be_v siâ—uated_v at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n about_o forty_o mile_n from_o hence_o more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v another_o town_n â—alled_v torsock_n build_v likewise_o on_o the_o descent_n of_o a_o â—ill_n not_o altogether_o so_o big_a as_o it_o be_v but_o surround_v â—ith_n rampart_n and_o bastion_n of_o wood._n both_o of_o â—â—em_n have_v their_o particular_a weywode_n oâ—_n governor_n the_o ten_o and_o last_o of_o these_o province_n be_v roshovie_n roshovie_n roshovie_n â—aving_a not_o any_o thing_n remarkable_a but_o its_o capital_a city_n â—f_n that_o name_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o three_o famous_a â—ivers_n of_o volga_n the_o dwina_n and_o the_o boristhenes_n â—hich_v have_v their_o rise_n in_o this_o province_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n the_o northern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o which_o border_n upon_o sweden_n and_o those_o border_n upon_o tartary_n lapland_n muscoviâ—â—_n lapland_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o where_o the_o muscovian_a lapland_n offer_v itself_o to_o our_o consideration_n it_o be_v subdivide_v into_o three_o lesser_a province_n the_o first_o call_v mouremankois_n have_v the_o city_n of_o kola_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n and_o swanchet_n the_o second_o call_v terskoi_n where_o be_v the_o city_n of_o jokena_n and_o polin-osâ—ro_a the_o three_o call_v bellamoresko_n contain_v the_o city_n of_o kondulatz_n omay_n and_o komi_n the_o second_o in_o order_n of_o the_o great_a northern_a province_n belong_v to_o muscovy_n be_v the_o province_n of_o dwina_n dwina_n dwina_n have_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n duina_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n at_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o river_n of_o jagel_n and_o sachona_n fall_v into_o the_o white_a sea_n near_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n this_o province_n be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o northern_a on_o the_o swediâ—â—_n side_n of_o muscovy_n be_v in_o former_a age_n subject_a to_o thâ—_n duke_n of_o novogorod_n and_o have_v but_o one_o city_n calleâ—_n duina_n in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o it_o but_o since_o thâ—_n english_a dutch_a and_o hanseatick_a town_n remove_v theâ—_n traffic_n from_o the_o city_n of_o narva_n to_o archangel_n thâ—_n province_n be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerabâ—â—_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n as_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n be_v now_o the_o staple_n of_o the_o whole_a continent_n of_o mâ—â—scovy_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o safe_a and_o commodious_a hâ—â—bour_n the_o city_n of_o archangel_n or_o st._n michael_n archangel_n a_o archbishops_n seat_n archangel_n archangel_n and_o now_o the_o capital_a of_o 〈◊〉_d province_n be_v situate_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o riâ—â—â—_n duina_n on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o you_o enter_v it_o from_o the_o wâ—â—â—_n sea_n where_o it_o make_v the_o island_n of_o podesemski_n 〈◊〉_d none_o of_o the_o large_a but_o withal_o so_o populous_a that_o no_o other_o place_n in_o whole_a muscovy_n be_v comparable_a to_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n which_o flock_v thither_o from_o the_o circumjacent_a province_n to_o truck_v their_o commodity_n which_o consist_v in_o corn_n caviarr_n fur_n hemp_n russia_n leather_n and_o wax_n against_o cloth_n velvet_n damask_n spice_n tin_n lead_v wine_n and_o strong-water_n import_v by_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o hamburgher_n so_o that_o sometime_o 300_o or_o 400_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v see_v of_o several_a nation_n in_o the_o port_n of_o archangel_n the_o custom_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o amount_v yearly_o to_o near_o 200000_o l._n sterling_n it_o be_v above_o sevenscore_n year_n ago_o since_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o remove_v their_o trade_n from_o narva_n to_o this_o place_n for_o king_n edward_n vi._n have_v set_v out_o a_o fleet_n for_o the_o establish_n a_o trade_n in_o some_o unknown_a country_n they_o have_v follow_v the_o northern_a passage_n be_v at_o last_o bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o archangel_n john_n basilovitz_n the_o then_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v very_o desirous_a to_o draw_v the_o english_a traffic_n thither_o â—o_o encourage_v their_o undertake_n grant_v they_o a_o privilege_n of_o commerce_n without_o any_o custom_n or_o impost_n so_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1555._o the_o english_a settle_v a_o company_n there_o under_o the_o direction_n of_o one_o mr._n killingworth_n and_o the_o muscovy_n trade_n have_v be_v ever_o since_o continue_v from_o that_o place_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o since_o the_o year_n 1591._o when_v the_o town_n become_v a_o mart_n the_o dutch_a and_o hamburgher_n have_v interfere_v with_o the_o english_a in_o their_o commerce_n it_o have_v a_o considerable_a castle_n which_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1506._o and_o the_o town_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n reduce_v to_o ash_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o be_v since_o that_o time_n restore_v to_o a_o more_o flourish_a condition_n than_o before_o in_o the_o gulf_n which_o the_o sea_n make_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a river_n dwina_n there_o be_v three_o small_a island_n call_v soloska_n anger_n and_o colova_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v heretofore_o famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o a_o muscovian_a saint_n who_o body_n be_v about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o translate_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n beside_o this_o and_o the_o beforementioned_a city_n of_o dwina_n st._n nicholas_n lapas_n and_o korela_n be_v the_o most_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o country_n the_o next_o considerable_a in_o rank_n though_o not_o in_o order_n pleskou_fw-fr pleskou_fw-fr of_o these_o northern_a province_n be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o pleskou_n have_v take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n call_v pleskou_n the_o muscovite_n call_v it_o pskou_n from_o a_o lake_n about_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n distant_a from_o it_o from_z whence_o arise_v a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o run_v by_o the_o city_n and_o have_v communicate_v its_o name_n not_o only_o to_o this_o city_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n both_o the_o city_n and_o duchy_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1509._o the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n reunited_a both_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n the_o town_n be_v not_o extraordinary_a large_a but_o very_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a by_o
passage_n to_o the_o boat_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d island_n the_o river_n volga_n contain_v a_o prodigious_a store_n of_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n a_o very_a good_a commodity_n in_o musâ—ovy_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o their_o fast-day_n which_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o muscovite_n catch_v with_o a_o cord_n but_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n the_o tartar_n fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a cord_n a_o pretty_a big_a stone_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n several_a great_a piece_n of_o wood_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o other_o end_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n all_o along_o this_o great_a cord_n many_o little_n once_o be_v fasten_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o each_o of_o these_o have_v at_o the_o end_n a_o goodâ—ook_n bait_v with_o a_o certain_a fish_n which_o they_o know_v the_o rest_n to_o be_v greedy_a of_o by_o which_o invention_n they_o catch_v often_o fish_n of_o ten_o twelve_o and_o more_o foot_n long_o the_o muscovite_n take_v also_o a_o cord_n with_o a_o â—ook_v fasten_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o this_o cord_n be_v tyâ—d_v about_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o well_o plain_v board_n tin_a over_o its_o â—igness_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v drag_v behind_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n resemble_v the_o scale_n of_o fish_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o draw_v up_o fish_n of_o a_o very_a great_a seize_v to_o the_o bait_n and_o into_o the_o snare_n among_o other_o fish_n wherewith_o this_o river_n abound_v the_o sturgeon_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a who_o egg_n afford_v that_o ragout_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v cavayar_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o muscovite_n 〈◊〉_d the_o egg_n be_v put_v into_o a_o paste_n be_v prepare_v 10_o or_o 12_o day_n with_o salt_n this_o commodity_n afford_v a_o considerable_a trade_n to_o muscovy_n be_v export_v from_o thence_o to_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n where_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a of_o this_o kind_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o czar_n keep_v this_o trade_n to_o himself_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o abovementioned_a ruin_v place_n the_o shoar_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n be_v very_o mountainous_a yet_o not_o â—o_o but_o that_o the_o valley_n afford_v very_o pleasant_a pasture_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v a_o mountain_n out_o of_o which_o the_o muscovite_n get_v great_a store_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v prepare_v in_o certain_a hut_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v send_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o river_n to_o mâ—sâ—o_v almost_o opposite_a to_o this_o be_v another_o mountain_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o which_o the_o river_n vssa_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o both_o side_n be_v very_o fine_a meadow_n border_v upon_o the_o shoar_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o thence_o be_v very_o thick_a wood_n a_o place_n of_o retreat_n for_o the_o cosack_n which_o make_v it_o very_o dangerous_a for_o traveler_n below_o this_o lie_v the_o mountain_n diwiagora_n or_o maids-mountain_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a steepy_a '_o hill_n of_o various_a colour_n and_o bear_v pine-tree_n in_o so_o regular_a a_o order_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v plant_v there_o on_o purpose_n make_v it_o appear_v very_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o this_o rises_z another_z which_o reach_v near_o 40_o mile_n along_o the_o river_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a here_o valley_n thâ—_n cyâ—â—â—_n valley_n be_v the_o valley_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v store_v with_o appletree_n afford_v very_o good_a cider_n be_v call_v by_o the_o muscovite_n jabla-new-quas_a which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o drink_v of_o apple_n some_o of_o these_o mountain_n reach_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o country_n other_o border_v only_o upon_o the_o riverside_n at_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o samara_n belong_v to_o the_o abovementioned_a tartarian_a province_n of_o bulgar_a and_o above_o 300_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n it_o be_v form_n be_v square_a its_o building_n all_o of_o wood_n except_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v three_o in_o number_n the_o river_n of_o samar_n from_o whence_o it_o derive_v its_o name_n fall_v about_o three_o mile_n below_o into_o the_o volga_n about_o 100_o mile_n from_o hence_o be_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v all_o bare_a without_o any_o wood_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o retreat_v place_n to_o the_o cosack_n live_v upon_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o have_v from_o thence_o get_v its_o denomination_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o city_n of_o saratof_n above_o 200_o mile_n distant_a from_o hence_o be_v abundance_n of_o small_a island_n in_o this_o river_n so_o that_o at_o certain_a season_n it_o have_v be_v fordable_a and_o consequent_o very_o incommodious_a for_o ship_n of_o burden_n who_o at_o such_o place_n be_v oblige_v to_o unload_v part_n of_o their_o cargo_n in_o small_a boat_n which_o they_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o city_n of_o saratof_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o very_a fair_a large_a plain_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o riverside_n upon_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o as_o a_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n call_v kalmuches_n kalâ—uches_n tartar_n kalâ—uches_n inhabit_v a_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o extend_v towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n betwixt_o this_o river_n and_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi about_o three_o hundred_o mile_n low_a 50_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n the_o city_n of_o zariza_n tanais_n the_o river_n tanais_n the_o river_n don_n the_o tanais_n of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n advance_v within_o a_o day_n journey_n near_o the_o river_n volga_n as_o some_o mile_n below_o the_o say_a city_n behind_o a_o certain_a island_n call_v the_o isle_n of_o zerpinsko_n there_o fall_v a_o little_a river_n call_v kamous_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o beforementioned_a river_n don_n into_o the_o river_n volga_n but_o it_o be_v very_o shallow_a afford_v scarce_o passage_n for_o small_a boat_n notwithstanding_o which_o there_o be_v some_o who_o affirm_v that_o it_o may_v be_v render_v more_o navigable_a and_o consequent_o a_o communication_n be_v establish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o considerable_a river_n near_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o abovementioned_a place_n wolga_n the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n before_o you_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n near_o achtobska_n vtska_n the_o river_n volga_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o take_v its_o course_n to_o the_o left_a into_o the_o country_n carry_v its_o stream_n for_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o north-east_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o current_n of_o the_o great_a river_n but_o afterward_o reassume_v its_o former_a course_n returns_z to_o the_o southeast_n till_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o hence_o at_o 5_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o riverside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o great_a city_n former_o call_v zaaresgorod_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o 〈◊〉_d royal_a build_v as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o tamerlain_n its_o palace_n and_o wall_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n which_o have_v furnish_v the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n for_o these_o many_o year_n with_o material_n for_o their_o wall_n church_n and_o monastery_n a_o few_o mile_n from_o this_o place_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o zariza_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n 49_o degree_n and_o 42_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o several_a bastion_n and_o tower_n but_o all_o of_o wood_n it_o be_v a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n and_o cossack_n and_o inhabit_v only_o by_o soldier_n who_o also_o serve_v for_o a_o convoy_n to_o the_o vessel_n pass_v this_o way_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n all_o about_o here_o and_o even_o as_o far_o as_o astrachan_n itself_o the_o country_n except_o the_o beforementioned_a island_n of_o zerpinsko_n which_o be_v twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o furnish_v the_o cattle_n belong_v to_o the_o garrison_n with_o grass_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o barren_a that_o it_o afford_v no_o manner_n of_o corn_n which_o defect_n however_o be_v easy_o supply_v by_o help_n of_o the_o river_n the_o fertile_a ground_n about_o casan_n furnish_v these_o part_n and_o even_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n with_o wheat_n at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n about_o sixscore_o mile_n below_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n the_o river_n wesowi_n near_o a_o small_a island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n fall_v into_o the_o wolga_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o do_v the_o river_n wolodinerski_n vtsga_n 30_o mile_n low_o
in_o his_o war_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o petty_a prince_n and_o judge_n of_o their_o own_o and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n by_o their_o own_o commander_n the_o great_a duke_n to_o secure_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o always_o keep_v some_o of_o their_o prince_n or_o myrse_n as_o hostage_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o astrachan_n they_o be_v general_o mahometan_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o of_o the_o same_o sect_n with_o the_o turk_n except_o some_o few_o that_o have_v receive_v the_o muscovian_a religion_n they_o be_v use_v to_o â—ow_o some_o of_o their_o child_n like_o the_o nazarite_n to_o god_n or_o some_o saint_n or_o other_o these_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o by_o a_o ring_n which_o the_o girl_n wear_v in_o their_o nostril_n the_o boy_n in_o the_o right_a ear._n they_o live_v upon_o what_o their_o cattle_n their_o hunt_n and_o fish_v supply_v they_o withal_o they_o make_v use_v of_o fish_n dry_v in_o the_o sun_n instead_o of_o bread_n though_o they_o make_v also_o cake_n of_o meal_n and_o rice_n among_o other_o thing_n they_o eat_v camel_n and_o horseflesh_n and_o mere_n be_v milk_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n with_o they_o their_o drink_n be_v general_o milk_n and_o water_n though_o beside_o wine_n hydromel_n and_o aquavitae_n there_o be_v indifferent_a good_a beer_n at_o astrachan_n their_o cattle_n be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a size_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o of_o poland_n their_o sheep_n have_v great_a fat_a tail_n weigh_v sometime_o thirty_o pound_n their_o ear_n hang_v down_o like_a to_o our_o dog_n in_o europe_n their_o horse_n be_v however_o but_o small_a and_o not_o well_o shape_v but_o very_o hardy_a and_o strong_a the_o tartar_n themselves_o be_v of_o a_o ill_a shape_n low_a and_o fat_a with_o large_a face_n and_o little_a eye_n of_o a_o olive_n colour_n full_a of_o wrinkle_n in_o their_o face_n they_o wear_v little_a beard_n and_o keep_v their_o head_n shave_v but_o the_o woman_n be_v much_o handsome_a their_o garment_n be_v a_o loose_a coat_n of_o some_o course_n cloth_n over_o which_o they_o wear_v a_o short_a sort_n of_o cloak_n of_o sheep's-skin_n the_o woolly_a side_n outward_o with_o a_o cap_n of_o the_o same_o upon_o their_o head_n which_o common_o be_v choose_v of_o a_o black_a colour_n the_o woman_n be_v clad_v in_o white_a linen_n cloth_n with_o plait_a coif_n upon_o their_o head_n on_o both_o side_n of_o which_o as_o a_o ornament_n hang_v a_o great_a many_o muscovian_a penny-piece_n the_o climate_n in_o those_o part_n be_v very_o hot_a the_o heat_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o october_n much_o exceed_v our_o dog-day_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o winter_n which_o seldom_o exceed_v two_o month_n here_o be_v so_o cold_a that_o this_o large_a river_n be_v common_o freeze_v up_o and_o bear_v sledge_n the_o island_n of_o dolgoi_n upon_o which_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v build_v be_v all_o over_o sandy_n and_o barren_a and_o except_o it_o be_v some_o garden_n and_o ground_n cultivate_v with_o particular_a care_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o astrachan_n produce_v nothing_o fit_a for_o sustenance_n the_o continent_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n exceed_v if_o possible_a the_o isle_n in_o barrenness_n but_o on_o the_o leave_v there_o be_v some_o very_a good_a pasture_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o wolga_n westward_o astrachan_n desert_n near_o astrachan_n towards_o the_o euxine_a sea_n lie_v a_o vast_a desert_n above_o 350_o mile_n long_o and_o to_o the_o south_n another_o near_a 400_o mile_n long_o stretch_v all_o along_o the_o caspian_a sea_n in_o these_o desert_n be_v neither_o city_n nor_o village_n nay_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o tree_n or_o hill_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v but_o one_o continue_v vast_a plain_n cover_v here_o and_o there_o with_o a_o little_a grass_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 300_o mile_n there_o be_v not_o any_o water_n to_o be_v meet_v withal_o but_o what_o the_o little_a river_n kisilar_n and_o some_o stand_a pool_n of_o salt_n water_n afford_v notwithstanding_o which_v these_o desert_n produce_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o salt_n for_o within_o ten_o fifteen_o and_o thirty_o mile_n of_o astrachan_n salt-pit_n salt-pit_n there_o be_v large_a salt-vein_n which_o be_v congeal_v by_o the_o sun_n swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o finger_n as_o fine_a and_o clear_a as_o rock_n crystal_n these_o salt-pit_n hereabout_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v mozakofski_n kainkowa_n and_o gwostofski_n and_o produce_v such_o abundance_n of_o salt_n that_o upon_o the_o spot_n one_o may_v have_v a_o hundred_o weight_n under_o two_o penny_n which_o be_v from_o thence_o carry_v to_o the_o wolga_n be_v transport_v into_o other_o part_n beside_o which_o the_o isle_n of_o dolgoi_n about_o astrachan_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o this_o province_n as_o also_o of_o circassia_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o next_o follow_v chapter_n be_v store_v with_o excellent_a fruit_n not_o yield_v either_o in_o beauty_n or_o taste_n to_o any_o nagaja_n the_o fruit_n of_o nagaja_n even_o not_o to_o those_o of_o persia_n and_o the_o indies_n their_o apple_n quince_n nut_n peach_n and_o melon_n exceed_v the_o rest_n in_o goodness_n but_o especial_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o melon_n who_o rind_n be_v of_o a_o lively_a green_a colour_n the_o meat_n carnation_n and_o the_o seed_n black_a be_v the_o most_o please_a both_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o palate_n and_o be_v sell_v at_o a_o very_a cheap_a rate_n two_o or_o three_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v for_o a_o penny_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o year_n ago_o since_o any_o grape_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o those_o part_n but_o the_o persian_n have_v bring_v some_o set_v thither_o which_o be_v first_o plant_v by_o a_o monk_n a_o german_a by_o birth_n in_o the_o garden_n belong_v to_o his_o convent_n situate_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o astrachan_n this_o small_a stock_n have_v be_v since_o improve_v and_o increase_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o not_o only_o the_o walk_n and_o arbour_n of_o the_o garden_n but_o also_o about_o the_o house_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v plant_v with_o vine_n which_o grow_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n there_o afford_v not_o only_o great_a store_n of_o grape_n for_o their_o present_a use_n but_o also_o a_o superplus_n for_o most_o excellent_a wine_n beside_o which_o near_o astrachan_n and_o all_o along_o the_o wolga_n there_o grow_v abundance_n of_o simple_n and_o very_o large_a the_o herb_n esula_fw-la be_v hereabout_o as_o high_a as_o a_o man_n angelica_n esula_fw-la and_o angelica_n and_o the_o root_n of_o angelica_n as_o big_a as_o a_o lusty_a man_n arm._n about_o 30_o mile_n beyond_o astrachan_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fishing-place_n upon_o the_o river_n wolga_n which_o furnish_v that_o city_n with_o salmon_n sturgeon_n white_a fish_n and_o many_o other_o sort_n of_o delicious_a fish_n and_o the_o small_a island_n hereabout_o great_a variety_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o though_o the_o country_n hereabout_o be_v not_o very_o fertile_a in_o corn_n which_o in_o these_o part_n be_v tread_v out_o by_o ox_n and_o horse_n they_o be_v supply_v with_o that_o sufficient_o from_o about_o casan_n by_o the_o river_n all_o which_o make_v this_o city_n one_o of_o the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o convenient_a for_o its_o situation_n in_o europe_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n be_v about_o 60_o mile_n below_o astrachan_n wolga_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o wolga_n from_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n for_o the_o space_n of_o near_o 30_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o island_n very_o small_a but_o all_o cover_v with_o reed_n or_o cane_n which_o have_v occasion_v some_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o wolga_n have_v as_o many_o mouth_n as_o there_o be_v island_n hereabout_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v here_o very_o muddy_a and_o the_o water_n very_o shallow_a as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o suchator_n situate_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n from_o the_o wolga_n 100_o mile_n beyond_o astrachan_n and_o 200_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o terki_n of_o which_o more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n the_o first_o place_n near_o which_o there_o be_v a_o tolerable_a harbour_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 40_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o tzenzeni_n situate_v in_o 43_o degree_n 5_o min._n elevation_n it_o be_v length_n be_v from_o north-east_n to_o southeast_n about_o 15_o mile_n here_o be_v the_o first_o harbour_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n from_o this_o island_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o continent_n towards_o the_o south-west_n high_a mountain_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o very_a cloud_n caucasus_n mount_v caucasus_n call_v
monster_n those_o other_o europaean_n that_o have_v of_o late_a year_n sail_v deep_a into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n have_v neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o except_o they_o will_v take_v the_o seadog_n which_o be_v in_o great_a number_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o such_o prodigious_a monster_n sea_n error_n of_o modern_a author_n concern_v the_o caspian_a sea_n by_o the_o experience_n of_o those_o also_o it_o be_v sufficient_o contradlct_v what_o petrejus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o muscovy_n relate_v with_o so_o much_o confidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v as_o black_a as_o ink_n that_o it_o be_v full_a of_o island_n well_o stock_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o city_n and_o village_n the_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n with_o that_o of_o all_o other_o sea_n and_o there_o be_v not_o one_o island_n in_o it_o that_o have_v either_o city_n or_o village_n and_o if_o the_o persian_n tartar_n and_o muscovite_n live_v thereabouts_o may_v be_v believe_v there_o be_v only_o the_o isle_n of_o ensil_n near_o ferebath_n which_o have_v very_o good_a pasture_n the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n who_o keep_v their_o cattle_n there_o have_v a_o few_o hut_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n during_o the_o time_n their_o cattle_n grase_n there_o of_o the_o same_o stamp_n be_v what_o contarinus_n in_o his_o travel_n and_o father_n bizarous_a in_o his_o history_n of_o persia_n relate_v concern_v a_o certain_a round_a fish_n without_o a_o head_n to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o sea_n of_o a_o ell_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n of_o which_o they_o say_v there_o be_v draw_v a_o certain_a oil_n which_o the_o persian_n use_v in_o their_o lamp_n and_o to_o greese_v their_o camel_n whereas_o there_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o barmach_n near_o the_o city_n of_o baku_n whole_a rivulet_n of_o a_o oily_a substance_n by_o they_o call_v nefte_v nefte_a nefte_a which_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o this_o kind_a for_o that_o use_v at_o a_o much_o cheap_a rate_n it_o be_v from_o thence_o transport_v into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v fall_v into_o this_o error_n by_o the_o superficial_a description_n of_o a_o certain_a fish_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n call_v naka_n glutton_n the_o glutton_n or_o glutton_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o that_o mention_v by_o they_o for_o it_o have_v not_o only_o a_o very_a short_a nose_n but_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v as_o it_o be_v within_o the_o belly_n and_o its_o tail_n be_v round_o and_o its_o length_n and_o breadth_n near_o the_o same_o and_o sometime_o of_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n it_o come_v pretty_a near_o a_o circular_a figure_n this_o fish_n will_v fasten_v itself_o with_o the_o tail_n under_o the_o fisher-men_n boat_n so_o as_o to_o overturn_v they_o as_o will_v also_o the_o white_a fish_n which_o make_v the_o fisherman_n be_v very_o cautious_a of_o theâ—â—_n they_o catch_v the_o first_o with_o the_o liver_n of_o beef_n 〈◊〉_d mutton_n which_o the_o fish_n much_o delight_n in_o thâ—â—_n they_o put_v as_o a_o bait_n upon_o iron_n hook_n tie_v to_o good_a strong_a cord_n and_o so_o draw_v he_o to_o the_o shoar_n but_o i_o can_v imagine_v upon_o what_o authority_n they_o have_v found_v their_o relation_n when_o they_o say_v that_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d other_o fish_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v very_o well_o store_v not_o only_o with_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n sturgeon_n and_o herring_n but_o also_o with_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n as_o be_v catch_v in_o river_n and_o keep_v in_o pond_n as_o barbel_n bream_n and_o trout_n before_o we_o leave_v the_o caspian_a sea_n it_o will_v perhaps_o not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o certain_a species_n of_o wild_a goose_n or_o rather_o cormorant_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a number_n on_o that_o shoar_n especial_o towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n they_o be_v like_o other_o goose_n as_o to_o their_o colour_n leg_n neck_n and_o foot_n but_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o body_n exceed_v the_o swan_n their_o bill_n be_v fork_a at_o the_o end_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o half_a long_a and_o near_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o whole_a body_n of_o some_o of_o they_o be_v above_o seven_o foot_n in_o length_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o they_o be_v that_o under_o their_o bill_n they_o have_v a_o shriveled_a skin_n hang_v resemble_v a_o bag_n which_o when_o dilate_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o three_o gallon_n of_o liquor_n this_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o a_o rescrontory_n for_o such_o fish_n they_o take_v which_o they_o afterward_o swallow_v down_o at_o leisure_n on_o the_o same_o shoar_n be_v also_o frequent_o see_v that_o kind_n of_o fowl_n onocratalus_n onocratalus_n which_o pliny_n call_v onocratalus_n their_o beak_n be_v long_o and_o round_o but_o at_o the_o extremity_n flat_a in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o spoon_n beat_v out_o when_o it_o put_v its_o beak_n into_o the_o water_n it_o make_v a_o most_o hideous_a noise_n almost_o like_o a_o ass_n whence_o without_o doubt_n it_o have_v its_o name_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v which_o may_v serve_v as_o additional_a argument_n to_o maintain_v our_o beforementioned_a assertion_n that_o it_o have_v no_o communication_n or_o correspondence_n with_o any_o other_o sea_n chap._n v._n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n and_o circassia_n of_o siberia_n and_o some_o other_o tartarian_a province_n betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n and_o circassia_n inhabit_v that_o country_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n under_o the_o name_n of_o albania_n which_o reach_v all_o along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o desert_n of_o astrachan_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n to_o the_o city_n of_o derbent_n circassia_n circassia_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o persia_n the_o dagesthan_a tartar_n be_v subject_a neither_o to_o the_o persian_n nor_o muscovite_n the_o mountain_n which_o they_o inhabit_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o fence_n against_o these_o two_o potent_a neighbour_n but_o the_o circassian_n tartar_n divide_v from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o river_n bustro_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v gerrus_fw-la border_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o astrachan_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o they_o first_o take_v our_o course_n from_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n first_o to_o the_o river_n bustro_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o frontier_n of_o persia_n the_o country_n of_o circassia_n be_v situate_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o the_o south-west_n to_o north-east_n encompass_v it_o about_o in_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n and_o make_v a_o very_a spacious_a bay_n the_o circassian_n be_v possess_v of_o that_o part_n of_o albania_n which_o have_v for_o its_o frontier_n on_o the_o east_n and_o westside_n the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o mount_n caucasus_n and_o on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n the_o river_n bustro_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o astrachan_n very_o few_o historian_n whether_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v make_v any_o mention_n of_o they_o some_o have_v assign_v their_o habitation_n beyond_o the_o mount_n caucasus_n near_o the_o euxin_n sea_n whereas_o they_o be_v more_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v the_o caspian_a sarmatian_n their_o capital_a city_n be_v terki_n terki_n the_o city_n of_o terki_n above_o 300_o mile_n from_o astrachan_n by_o land_n situate_v near_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n upon_o a_o small_a river_n call_v timenski_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o great_a river_n bustro_n which_o be_v former_o call_v terck_n have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o very_a spacious_a plain_n very_o fenny_a towards_o the_o seaside_n under_o 43_o deg_fw-la 23_o min._n elev_n it_o be_v in_o compass_n about_o two_o mile_n well_o fortify_v with_o rampart_n and_o bastion_n of_o earth_n after_o the_o modern_a way_n store_v with_o cannon_n and_o have_v always_o a_o considerable_a garrison_n in_o it_o of_o muscovite_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o weywode_n the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o reside_v here_o have_v 500_o of_o they_o allow_v he_o for_o his_o guard_n since_o the_o reduction_n of_o those_o part_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n they_o have_v put_v in_o all_o place_n of_o strength_n not_o only_o their_o garrison_n but_o also_o governor_n magistrate_n and_o priest_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o
be_v for_o the_o man_n to_o steal_v child_n not_o spare_v even_o their_o near_a relation_n who_o they_o sell_v to_o the_o neighbour_a persian_n leave_v the_o care_n of_o their_o cattle_n to_o their_o wife_n they_o have_v a_o odd_a custom_n at_o their_o wedding_n to_o wit_n for_o every_o man_n there_o present_a to_o shoot_v his_o arrow_n into_o the_o floor_n where_o they_o be_v leave_v till_o they_o be_v rot_v or_o fall_v of_o themselves_o they_o be_v all_o mahometan_n use_v circumcision_n and_o all_o other_o ceremony_n of_o the_o turk_n their_o clothing_n be_v a_o long_a close_a coat_n habit_n their_o habit_n common_o of_o a_o dark_a gray_a or_o black_a coarse_a cloth_n over_o which_o they_o wear_v a_o cloak_n of_o the_o same_o stuff_n and_o sometime_o of_o sheep's-skin_n they_o wear_v a_o square_a cap_n sew_v together_o of_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n their_o shoe_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v of_o horse_n hide_v sew_v only_o together_o atop_o at_o the_o instep_n the_o poor_a among_o they_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n head-pice_a and_o buckler_n beside_o a_o scymitar_n javelin_n bow_n and_o arrow_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v the_o city_n of_o tarku_n tarku_n tarku_n situate_v within_o the_o mountain_n among_o steepy_a rock_n which_o be_v as_o hard_o as_o flint_n and_o afford_v several_a most_o pleasant_a spring_n to_o the_o city_n which_o contain_v about_o 1200_o house_n build_v of_o brick-stone_n bake_v in_o the_o sun_n after_o the_o persian_a manner_n but_o not_o so_o high_a it_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o one_o of_o their_o petty_a prince_n but_o be_v not_o surround_v with_o any_o fortification_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o wall_n next_o to_o this_o the_o most_o frequent_a place_n of_o this_o country_n be_v rustain_v boinack_n and_o andre_n be_v three_o several_a principality_n lie_v in_o the_o road_n betwixt_o persia_n and_o the_o river_n wolga_n the_o town_n of_o boinack_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o ascent_n of_o a_o steepy_a hill_n near_o the_o seaside_n that_o of_o andre_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n near_o the_o river_n koisu_n by_o ptolemy_n call_v albanus_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o mount_n caucasus_n its_o water_n be_v very_o muddy_a and_o its_o current_n very_o swift_a the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n here_o be_v a_o certa_v spring_n of_o seethe_a water_n which_o arise_v near_o the_o town_n and_o fall_v at_o some_o distance_n into_o a_o pool_n make_v the_o water_n fit_a for_o bathe_v about_o some_o mile_n low_a the_o river_n koisu_n let_v out_o a_o branch_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v askai_n probable_o the_o river_n caesius_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o run_v with_o a_o very_a slow_a current_n at_o last_o be_v reunite_v with_o the_o say_a river_n near_o the_o sea_n the_o river_n bustro_n mention_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gerrus_fw-la in_o ptolemy_n be_v the_o boundary_a betwixt_o the_o circassian_n and_o dagesthan_n tartar_n and_o about_o 25_o mile_n before_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v terck_n or_o timenski_n have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o city_n of_o terki_n the_o metropolis_n of_o circassia_n the_o second_o branch_n be_v call_v kiselar_a very_o near_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o other_o but_o not_o so_o deep_a be_v fordable_a for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o summer_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n on_o this_o side_n it_o may_v perhaps_o not_o be_v beyond_o our_o scope_n to_o insert_v here_o short_a description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o derbent_n both_o for_o its_o antiquity's-sake_n and_o its_o be_v the_o frontier-town_n of_o persia_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o dagesthan_a tartar_n especial_o since_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o some_o other_o part_n border_v upon_o muscovy_n in_o the_o next_o follow_v chapter_n the_o city_n of_o derbent_n be_v situate_a in_o the_o province_n derbent_fw-la derbent_fw-la call_v by_o the_o persian_n lengerkunan_n upon_o the_o very_a shoar_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o sometime_o wash_v its_o wall_n under_o the_o 41_o degr_n 51_o min._n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v length_n reach_v from_o east_n to_o west_n near_o five_o mile_n but_o its_o breadth_n be_v not_o proportionable_a to_o its_o length_n it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o frontierplace_n of_o persia_n lie_v upon_o its_o utmost_a confine_n on_o this_o side_n but_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o gate_n of_o it_o reach_v from_o the_o mountain_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o seashore_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o distinct_a quarter_n the_o first_o be_v the_o mid-city_n which_o the_o persian_n affirm_v to_o be_v build_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a as_o also_o that_o wall_n which_o surround_v the_o city_n on_o the_o southside_n these_o wall_n be_v of_o a_o great_a height_n and_o about_o six_o foot_n broad_a and_o at_o a_o distance_n appear_v as_o if_o they_o be_v build_v of_o the_o best_a freestone_n in_o the_o world_n but_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o stone_n of_o it_o be_v make_v of_o mussle-shell_n and_o small_a piece_n of_o freestone_n beat_v and_o mould_v together_o into_o brick_n which_o by_o the_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o hardness_n as_o to_o exceed_v marble_n itself_o there_o be_v even_o to_o this_o day_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n remain_v a_o inscription_n resemble_v the_o syriack_n character_n as_o there_o appear_v in_o another_o place_n some_o arabic_a word_n but_o so_o deface_v by_o length_n of_o time_n as_o not_o to_o be_v legible_a the_o castle_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v also_o relate_v to_o owe_v its_o foundation_n to_o that_o great_a conqueror_n and_o be_v now_o always_o keep_v by_o a_o very_a good_a garrison_n of_o persian_n the_o second_o quarter_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v the_o most_o populous_a as_o the_o low_a town_n which_o reach_v to_o the_o seaside_n be_v not_o much_o frequent_v now_o be_v former_o inhabit_v by_o greek_n but_o ever_o since_o the_o persian_n regain_v it_o from_o mustapha_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n convert_v into_o garden_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o city_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a wall_n so_o broad_a that_o a_o wagon_n may_v drive_v on_o they_o without_o inconvenience_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v all_o mahometan_n except_o some_o jew_n who_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o buy_v such_o steal_a child_n as_o the_o neighbour_a dagesthan_n tartar_n bring_v thither_o or_o else_o some_o turk_n or_o muscovite_n which_o they_o have_v pick_v up_o in_o some_o encounter_n they_o send_v thither_o to_o market_n to_o be_v from_o thence_o further_o carry_v into_o persia_n the_o mountain_n above_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cover_v with_o wood_n afford_v another_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n to_o wit_n the_o ruin_n of_o a_o wall_n which_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v be_v believe_v former_o serve_v for_o a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o caspian_a and_o euxin_n sea_n and_o extend_v itself_o near_o 300_o mile_n in_o length_n thus_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o ruin_n appear_v now_o in_o some_o place_n six_o foot_n high_a in_o some_o other_o two_o or_o three_o the_o tract_n be_v quite_o lose_v in_o other_o and_o on_o some_o of_o the_o adjacent_a hill_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o several_a old_a castle_n of_o a_o four_o square_a form_n two_o of_o which_o remain_v undemolish_v to_o this_o day_n and_o be_v garrison_v by_o the_o persian_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a monument_n of_o another_o kind_n near_o this_o city_n to_o wit_n the_o sepulchre_n of_o tzumtzume_n of_o who_o the_o persian_n relate_v the_o follow_a fable_n out_o of_o their_o poet_n fiesull_n they_o relate_v that_o essi_n this_o be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v to_o our_o saviour_n come_v into_o those_o part_n find_v thereabouts_o a_o certain_a dead_a man_n skull_n which_o have_v take_v particular_a notice_n of_o he_o desire_v of_o god_n who_o favourite_n he_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o decease_a person_n to_o life_n again_o which_o be_v do_v according_o essi_n then_o ask_v he_o who_o he_o be_v he_o answer_v that_o his_o name_n be_v tzumtzume_v that_o he_o have_v be_v the_o most_o powerful_a king_n of_o that_o country_n where_o he_o have_v keep_v a_o vast_a court_n compose_v of_o a_o great_a many_o thousand_o musician_n page_n and_o other_o servant_n at_o last_o tzumtzume_n have_v ask_v essi_n who_o he_o be_v and_o what_o religion_n he_o profess_v christ_n make_v answer_v i_o be_o essi_n and_o by_o the_o religion_n i_o profess_v all_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v save_v if_o this_o be_v true_a reply_v
fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o day_n but_o before_o we_o part_v with_o our_o travel_a merchant_n i_o can_v forbear_v to_o mention_v here_o a_o certain_a way_n they_o use_v in_o those_o part_n of_o ease_v these_o reen_o or_o sled-stag_n in_o their_o travel_n it_o be_v the_o more_o surprise_v the_o less_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v practise_v among_o the_o europaean_n though_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v some_o year_n since_o see_v something_o not_o unlike_a to_o it_o in_o holland_n viz._n a_o certain_a machine_n drive_v forward_o by_o the_o help_n of_o sail_n upon_o a_o level_n this_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o sail_n which_o when_o the_o wind_n favour_n they_o put_v up_o in_o their_o sled_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v drive_v along_o sometime_o over_o the_o land_n cover_v with_o snow_n sometime_o over_o the_o river_n freeze_v with_o ice_n the_o dog_n and_o deer_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o a_o country_n all_o level_n china_n why_o the_o muscovite_n travel_v by_o land_n into_o china_n such_o as_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o mount_n caucasus_n as_o the_o oar_n in_o a_o vessel_n when_o becalm_v or_o labour_v against_o the_o wind._n it_o will_v perhaps_o seem_v strange_a to_o those_o who_o have_v some_o knowledge_n of_o these_o north-eastern_a part_n that_o whereas_o these_o travel_a merchant_n may_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o charge_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o those_o great_a number_n of_o river_n which_o be_v betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n they_o shall_v choose_v the_o way_n by_o land_n as_o be_v both_o more_o chargeable_a and_o troublesome_a but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o grand_fw-fr tartary_n betwixt_o china_n and_o muscovy_n be_v not_o so_o desert_n as_o have_v be_v imagine_v there_o be_v insurmountable_a obstacle_n in_o these_o river_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o deter_v even_o the_o best_a seaman_n in_o the_o world_n much_o more_o the_o russian_n who_o be_v hitherto_o not_o the_o most_o expert_a in_o sea-affair_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o river_n who_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v in_o europe_n the_o most_o considerable_a both_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o extent_n of_o their_o course_n be_v the_o river_n oby_n genessay_n or_o jenessay_n lena_n and_o yamour_n the_o two_o first_o have_v this_o inconveniency_n that_o where_o they_o disembogue_v into_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o year_n long_o so_o choke_v up_o with_o whole_a mountain_n of_o ice_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o dangerous_a beside_o which_o the_o latter_a of_o the_o two_o be_v towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o so_o full_a of_o cataract_n or_o water-falls_a at_o some_o league_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o occasion_v by_o the_o rock_n who_o top_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o most_o delicious_a flower_n by_o their_o odoriferous_a scent_n perfume_v the_o circumjacent_a air_n that_o they_o can_v be_v pass_v without_o unlade_v the_o vessel_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o great_a charge_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n lena_n lie_v more_o easterly_a be_v not_o so_o much_o pester_v with_o ice_n as_o the_o former_a and_o its_o course_n much_o more_o easy_a yet_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o rock_n and_o shelf_n which_o lie_v very_o close_o to_o one_o another_o at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o very_o dangerous_a if_o not_o quite_o unpassable_a to_o ship_n of_o never_o so_o little_a burden_n except_o it_o be_v to_o very_o small_a fisher-boat_n it_o be_v true_a the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a for_o traffic_n its_o course_n be_v uniform_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o sea-bull-rush_n which_o at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n grow_v like_o a_o forest_n of_o that_o thickness_n that_o a_o man_n can_v hardly_o grasp_v one_o of_o they_o with_o both_o his_o arm_n whereby_o all_o passage_n for_o ship_n to_o go_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v quite_o obstruct_a all_o these_o difficulty_n and_o obstacle_n consider_v who_o can_v blame_v the_o muscovite_n if_o they_o prefer_v the_o most_o commodious_a and_o short_a way_n before_o the_o danger_n of_o these_o river_n which_o however_o be_v not_o useless_a but_o rather_o very_o commodious_a to_o they_o in_o their_o land-travel_n from_o siberia_n across_o the_o tartarian_a province_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o china_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o travel_v with_o more_o ease_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v freeze_v and_o be_v more_o navigable_a towards_o their_o source_n than_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o their_o course_n during_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o chinese_n arisen_a about_o the_o building_n of_o the_o fort_n of_o albazin_n by_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr these_o merchant_n use_v to_o go_v by_o water_n upon_o the_o river_n oby_n and_o szelinga_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n which_o bear_v the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o last_o of_o these_o river_n be_v build_v there_o by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o travel_a mercant_n from_o this_o city_n they_o travel_v by_o land_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o mongul_n to_o the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o the_o chan_n of_o becroesain_n one_o of_o their_o principal_a chans_n where_o also_o reside_v the_o coutusta-lama_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o tartarian_a high_a priest_n here_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o present_n they_o obtain_v guide_n and_o carriage_n with_o a_o good_a convoy_n who_o conduct_n they_o to_o the_o frontier_n if_o china_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o samoyede_n groenland_n livonia_n and_o courland_n the_o samoyede_n or_o samogede_n inhabit_v that_o tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v north-east_n of_o siberia_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n extend_v to_o the_o straight_a of_o weigat_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n their_o habitation_n be_v under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n itself_o this_o country_n be_v first_o discover_v to_o the_o muscovite_n by_o a_o russian_a merchant_n who_o name_n be_v oneke_n who_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n trade_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o rich_a fur_n and_o gather_v great_a wealth_n at_o last_o make_v a_o discovery_n of_o it_o to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v send_v thither_o a_o splendid_a embassy_n they_o soon_o persuade_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o his_o czarish_n majesty_n pay_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o sable_a skin_n for_o their_o yearly_a tribute_n they_o be_v former_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o those_o the_o ancient_n call_v shytes_n or_o sarmates_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o word_n samoyede_v be_v a_o muscovian_a word_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o self-eater_n compose_v out_o of_o sam_n which_o signify_v once_o self_n and_o geda_n to_o eat_v because_o they_o use_v to_o eat_v the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a friend_n mix_v with_o their_o venison_n in_o the_o last_o of_o which_o this_o country_n abound_v and_o always_o be_v and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n their_o ordinary_a food_n some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o abii_n of_o which_o curtius_n speak_v that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v obii_fw-la from_o the_o river_n oby_n though_o they_o have_v no_o city_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o live_v a_o vagabond-life_n like_o most_o of_o the_o tartar_n but_o have_v their_o settle_a habitation_n which_o be_v certain_a cabans_n or_o hut_n some_o foot_n deep_a under_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o circular_a figure_n build_v vault-wise_a a_o top_n have_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o a_o hole_n underneath_o which_o be_v the_o fire-place_n round_o about_o which_o they_o lie_v during_o the_o winter_n it_o serve_v both_o for_o a_o chimney_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o door_n through_o which_o they_o let_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o other_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o the_o snow_n which_o fall_v here_o often_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a during_o this_o season_n which_o last_v six_o month_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o continual_a darkness_n their_o correspondence_n be_v maintain_v betwixt_o they_o by_o the_o trench_n or_o walk_n under_o ground_n from_o one_o hut_n to_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v they_o visit_v one_o another_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o melancholy_a light_n of_o lamp_n feed_v with_o oil_n draw_v of_o a_o certain_a fish_n of_o which_o as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o other_o necessary_n they_o make_v provision_n in_o the_o summer_n which_o season_n begin_v here_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o septentrional_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o rejoice_v
respect_n of_o person_n nay_o even_o betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n the_o government_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o these_o insolence_n use_v to_o send_v the_o strelitzes_n and_o sergeant_n about_o to_o surprise_v some_o of_o these_o offender_n but_o the_o evil_n be_v find_v so_o deep_o and_o universal_o root_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o will_v have_v want_v hand_n to_o execute_v the_o punishment_n which_o be_v whip_v so_o that_o for_o the_o security_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n it_o be_v order_v that_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v thus_o affront_v the_o offender_n to_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a which_o they_o call_v biscestia_n and_o at_o the_o most_o amount_v to_o 500_o l._n sterl_n according_a to_o the_o respective_a quality_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o the_o better_a to_o keep_v in_o awe_n those_o that_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o lose_v such_o as_o be_v incapable_a to_o pay_v the_o fine_a be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o their_o adversary_n hand_n who_o either_o may_v make_v they_o their_o slave_n or_o else_o have_v they_o severe_o whip_v by_o the_o executioner_n who_o place_n be_v to_o mention_v it_o here_o by_o the_o by_o herditary_a so_o that_o the_o son_n serve_v their_o apprenticeship_n in_o their_o father_n house_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o precaution_n this_o fine_a be_v frequent_o pay_v even_o among_o people_n of_o very_o good_a fashion_n and_o gentleman_n who_o do_v not_o forbear_v upon_o the_o least_o difference_n to_o call_v one_o another_o son_n of_o whore_n dog_n etc._n etc._n which_o however_o be_v general_o make_v up_o over_o a_o large_a cup_n of_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la for_o they_o seldom_o come_v to_o fight_v or_o if_o they_o do_v when_o their_o spirit_n be_v exalt_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o liquor_n it_o be_v do_v with_o their_o fist_n or_o switch_n or_o a_o cudgel_n or_o perhaps_o by_o sound_o kick_v one_o another_o about_o the_o belly_n for_o in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o rage_n they_o be_v sure_a to_o aim_v at_o the_o codpiece_n this_o be_v the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o their_o bravery_n in_o private_a quarrel_n for_o a_o man_n may_v live_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o muscovy_n and_o not_o hear_v as_o much_o as_o mention_v a_o dewel_n with_o sword_n or_o pistol_n fight_v by_o muscovite_n as_o it_o be_v practise_v in_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n they_o as_o it_o seem_v not_o look_v upon_o bravery_n and_o courage_n to_o depend_v from_o these_o weapon_n '_o it_o be_v true_a person_n of_o great_a quality_n to_o distinguish_v themselves_o from_o the_o rest_n common_o fight_v on_o horseback_n but_o their_o weapon_n be_v a_o good_a whip_n which_o decide_v the_o difference_n without_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v former_o so_o fond_a of_o ignorance_n that_o for_o any_o one_o to_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o study_n of_o any_o art_n science_n or_o foreign_a language_n much_o more_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n of_o other_o country_n or_o discourse_n of_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o great_a crime_n but_o matter_n be_v extreme_o alter_v as_o to_o this_o point_n of_o late_a year_n by_o the_o encouragement_n give_v by_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n to_o the_o nobility_n to_o make_v themselves_o acquaint_v with_o foreign_a country_n and_o language_n and_o several_a useful_a art_n and_o science_n especial_o the_o mathematics_n in_o which_o they_o be_v so_o gross_o ignorant_a before_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o its_o effect_n not_o otherwise_o than_o witchcraft_n it_o be_v questionless_a owe_v to_o this_o generous_a care_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n that_o latin_a and_o greek_a school_n have_v be_v erect_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o that_o some_o of_o the_o boyar_n among_o other_o language_n be_v well_o verse_v in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o which_o will_v without_o question_n in_o process_n of_o time_n conduce_v not_o a_o little_a towards_o the_o reformation_n of_o such_o abuse_n as_o have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o vogue_n in_o muscovy_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o most_o familiar_a vice_n the_o muscovite_n be_v charge_v with_o drunkenness_n drunkenness_n by_o foreigner_n be_v drunkenness_n though_o most_o of_o the_o other_o country_n in_o europe_n especial_o the_o northern_a part_n be_v infect_v with_o as_o well_o as_o muscovy_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v no_o where_n more_o universal_a than_o among_o the_o russian_n when_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o laity_n the_o woman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o man_n young_a and_o old_a of_o what_o quality_n or_o degree_n soever_o have_v their_o share_n in_o it_o tzarkowino_n for_o so_o they_o term_v their_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la be_v the_o first_o welcome_a they_o give_v to_o their_o guest_n even_o among_o people_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n whether_o man_n or_o woman_n which_o go_v merry_o round_a before_o at_z and_o after_o meal_n wine_n be_v a_o liquor_n too_o weak_a for_o their_o stomach_n the_o lady_n of_o quality_n themselves_o at_z their_z poctivat_v or_o great_a entertainment_n make_v themselves_o so_o hearty_o merry_a with_o it_o that_o they_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n the_o lady_n of_o the_o feast_n send_v the_o next_o day_n one_o of_o her_o gentleman_n to_o compliment_v her_o guest_n to_o inquire_v after_o their_o health_n and_o how_o their_o ladyship_n get_v home_o and_o how_o they_o rest_v the_o general_a answer_n the_o lady_n send_v be_v i_o give_v your_o lady_n a_o thousand_o thanks_o for_o her_o good_a cheer_n indeed_o it_o make_v i_o so_o merry_a thâ—t_o i_o scarce_o remember_v how_o i_o get_v home_o but_o to_o speak_v without_o partiality_n the_o muscovite_n be_v not_o the_o only_a people_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v intoxicate_v by_o the_o force_n of_o strong_a liquor_n the_o very_a same_o be_v practise_v in_o germany_n where_o the_o master_n or_o the_o mistress_n of_o the_o feast_n as_o well_o as_o the_o guest_n do_v not_o think_v the_o entertainment_n complete_a if_o they_o go_v home_o without_o stagger_v and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o muscovian_a lady_n it_o be_v possible_a their_o merry_a meeting_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a construction_n from_o such_o of_o our_o lady_n as_o prefer_v the_o charm_n of_o distil_v water_n before_o wine_n beside_o that_o the_o fair_a sex_n in_o muscovy_n have_v a_o strong_a plea_n to_o allege_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n they_o eat_v on_o their_o fast-day_n which_o make_v up_o above_o half_a the_o year_n require_v certain_a digestive_n to_o attenuate_v the_o viscosity_n of_o this_o diet_n and_o that_o the_o merry_a cup_n make_v they_o in_o some_o measure_n a_o amends_o for_o the_o solitary_a life_n they_o lead_v at_o home_n under_o the_o most_o rigid_a discipline_n of_o their_o hurband_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n commit_v intolerable_a excess_n in_o this_o kind_n for_o they_o will_v drink_v not_o only_o till_o they_o can_v neither_o stand_v nor_o go_v but_o oftentimes_o till_o they_o die_v upon_o the_o spot_n to_o spend_v every_o copeâ—_n or_o penny_n they_o have_v in_o a_o tippling-house_n be_v a_o common_a thing_n here_o and_o thus_o far_o they_o may_v perhaps_o be_v match_v as_o well_o in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o some_o other_o in_o europe_n but_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o muscovy_n among_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n than_o to_o come_v away_o without_o their_o clothes_n nay_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o if_o they_o come_v away_o with_o their_o waistcoat_n on_o and_o meet_v one_o of_o their_o drunken_a companion_n by_o the_o way_n they_o return_v and_o send_v thus_o stocking_n waistcoat_n shirt_n and_o drawer_n after_o the_o rest_n and_o return_v home_o like_o adamite_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v no_o mischief_n so_o great_a no_o vice_n so_o abominable_a but_o what_o be_v commit_v by_o these_o drunkard_n who_o even_o when_o sober_a very_o seldom_o act_v according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o murder_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n so_o that_o it_o be_v unsafe_a to_o go_v alone_o or_o unarm_v in_o the_o nighttime_n there_o be_v sometime_o fifteen_o dead_a body_n to_o be_v see_v together_o in_o the_o court_n of_o semskay_n a_o place_n where_o they_o be_v expose_v that_o their_o friend_n and_o kindred_n may_v take_v care_n for_o their_o burial_n if_o no_o body_n own_v they_o they_o be_v throw_v some_o where_o or_o another_o in_o a_o ditch_n
of_o the_o current_n at_o part_v they_o cross_v themselves_o and_o cry_v prosti_n farewell_o person_n of_o great_a fortune_n or_o quality_n adorn_v their_o saint_n with_o pearl_n or_o precious_a stone_n but_o these_o demigod_n be_v so_o tenacious_a of_o what_o they_o have_v once_o get_v into_o their_o clutch_n that_o they_o will_v never_o part_v with_o any_o of_o it_o again_o to_o the_o owner_n though_o never_o so_o necessitous_a there_o be_v not_o want_v example_n that_o upon_o a_o pinch_n some_o have_v make_v bold_a to_o borrow_v of_o their_o saint_n against_o their_o will_n what_o former_o be_v their_o own_o who_o have_v pay_v for_o it_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o both_o their_o hand_n if_o any_o one_o be_v excommunicate_v his_o saint_n as_o well_o as_o his_o person_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o church_n the_o muscovian_a monk_n and_o priest_n miracle_n their_o miracle_n as_o ignorant_a as_o they_o be_v in_o other_o matter_n have_v be_v cunning_a enough_o not_o to_o despoil_v the_o saint_n of_o the_o art_n of_o do_v miracle_n at_o archangel_n there_o be_v once_o a_o gang_n of_o they_o who_o by_o such_o imposture_n have_v get_v a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n together_o but_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o when_o they_o be_v divide_v the_o spoil_n the_o fraud_n be_v discover_v and_o so_o have_v a_o good_a whip_n for_o their_o pain_n it_o must_v be_v own_v there_o be_v but_o few_o instance_n of_o this_o nature_n among_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v else_o too_o zealous_a to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o omnipotency_n of_o their_o saint_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o have_v at_o lest_o something_o of_o divinity_n in_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1643._o a_o old_a image_n have_v begin_v to_o change_v colour_n and_o to_o turn_v a_o little_a radish_n this_o be_v immediate_o cry_v up_o not_o only_o for_o a_o miracle_n but_o rather_o for_o a_o ill_a omen_n or_o some_o bloody_a presage_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o the_o patriarch_n be_v frighten_v thereat_o as_o well_o as_o the_o people_n preparation_n be_v make_v for_o a_o extrordinary_a fastday_n and_o public_a prayer_n to_o be_v make_v all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n but_o some_o of_o the_o bojare_n have_v think_v it_o convenient_a to_o call_v together_o all_o the_o painter_n about_o the_o city_n they_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n that_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v nothing_o ominous_a in_o the_o matter_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v assure_v that_o time_n have_v consume_v the_o paint_n have_v only_o discover_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v red_a among_o other_o of_o their_o miraculous_a saint_n they_o have_v two_o of_o a_o late_a date_n the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o be_v sudatworets_n philip_n metropolite_n he_o live_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n john_n basilovit_n unto_o who_o he_o use_v constant_o to_o make_v remonstrance_n of_o his_o wicked_a life_n and_o cruelty_n till_o the_o great_a duke_n not_o able_a any_o long_o to_o endure_v his_o reprehension_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v slay_v by_o one_o of_o his_o servant_n since_o which_o time_n he_o have_v be_v reckon_v among_o their_o holy_a martyr_n and_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o miracle_n they_o have_v attribute_v to_o he_o which_o be_v former_o perform_v at_o archangle_n near_o which_o he_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o solofka_n in_o the_o white_a sea_n but_o have_v be_v since_o from_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o place_v in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o the_o castle_n where_o for_o some_o time_n he_o do_v most_o surprise_a miracle_n by_o heal_v the_o dumb_a deaf_a blind_a ague_n and_o paralytic_o but_o of_o late_a year_n it_o seem_v the_o saint_n be_v grow_v weary_a of_o his_o profession_n of_o physic_n though_o they_o affirm_v that_o his_o body_n remain_v entire_a to_o this_o day_n which_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v disprove_v since_o it_o be_v forbid_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o lift_v up_o the_o cloth_n which_o cover_v the_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n the_o second_o and_o the_o top_v saint_n of_o all_o muscovy_n for_o miracle_n be_v one_o sergius_n who_o residence_n be_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n about_o threescore_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n this_o saint_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v in_o his_o young_a day_n a_o military_a person_n of_o a_o very_a graceful_a aspect_n but_o have_v take_v a_o distaste_v at_o that_o profession_n and_o abandon_v his_o vicious_a course_n of_o life_n turn_v first_o hermit_n and_o afterward_o get_v into_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n which_o from_o his_o name_n ever_o since_o his_o burial_n there_o have_v be_v call_v zergeofski_n troitza_n it_o be_v former_o dedicate_v to_o the_o trinity_n where_o be_v soon_o after_o choose_a abbot_n he_o and_o one_o of_o his_o disciple_n call_v nikon_v grow_v so_o famous_a for_o the_o many_o miracle_n they_o perform_v that_o they_o be_v both_o canonize_v after_o their_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1563._o their_o head_n as_o they_o say_v do_v not_o only_o remain_v entire_a to_o this_o day_n but_o also_o that_o of_o sergius_n if_o one_o may_v believe_v they_o have_v not_o lose_v its_o military_a operation_n for_o when_o this_o monastery_n be_v besiege_a by_o the_o pole_n the_o head_n of_o sergius_n only_o force_v they_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n have_v cause_v they_o to_o turn_v their_o arm_n against_o themselves_o during_o the_o assault_n it_o be_v true_a this_o monastery_n be_v besiege_a by_o the_o pole_n under_o their_o general_n john_n sapicha_n who_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v the_o enterpize_n and_o thus_o far_o the_o monk_n be_v in_o the_o right_n of_o it_o but_o they_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o true_a circumstance_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o asmuch_o as_n it_o be_v not_o the_o head_n of_o their_o saint_n or_o their_o own_o bravery_n put_v the_o swedish_n army_n that_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o they_o be_v not_o use_v to_o examine_v miracle_n with_o so_o much_o nicety_n here_o for_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o great_a duke_n go_v thither_o general_o twice_o a_o year_n to_o do_v their_o devotion_n and_o when_o they_o come_v at_o two_o miles_n distance_n from_o the_o monastery_n alight_v from_o their_o horse_n walk_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o way_n on_o foot_n have_v perform_v their_o devotion_n they_o spend_v some_o day_n in_o hunt_v during_o which_o time_n the_o abbot_n entertain_v the_o great_a duke_n and_o his_o whole_a retinue_n the_o muscovite_n frequent_o perform_v here_o their_o vow_n of_o go_v on_o pilgrimage_n and_o bestow_v their_o alm_n make_v perhaps_o in_o their_o travel_n or_o sickness_n which_o with_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v increase_v the_o revenue_n of_o this_o monastery_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o it_o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a and_o the_o most_o beautiful_a in_o all_o muscovy_n and_o maintain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o monk_n there_o be_v also_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a mother_n of_o casan_n whither_o many_o pilgrimage_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o muscovite_n as_o also_o to_o chutina_n about_o eight_o mile_n distant_a from_o novogorod_n to_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o one_o of_o their_o saint_n call_v werlam_n who_o be_v bear_v at_o novogorod_n be_v bury_v near_o the_o say_a monastery_n of_o chutina_n on_o the_o eve_n of_o the_o pentecost_n they_o perform_v certain_a a_o naval_a devotion_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o depart_a friend_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o formality_n but_o in_o a_o manner_n very_o ridiculous_a those_o of_o their_o church_n which_o be_v of_o stone_n church_n their_o church_n be_v all_o round_a and_o vault_a because_o they_o say_v they_o have_v thus_o a_o near_a resemblance_n to_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o throne_n of_o god_n these_o have_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o four_o turret_n a_o tower_n form_v at_o the_o top_n not_o unlike_o the_o knob_n we_o put_v on_o our_o bedstead_n have_v upon_o it_o a_o triple_a cross_n this_o be_v to_o represent_v our_o saviour_n as_o the_o head_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o cross_n be_v the_o badge_n of_o christianity_n they_o think_v fit_a the_o church_n of_o christ_n shall_v be_v distinguish_v by_o it_o from_o other_o within_o be_v neither_o seat_n nor_o bench_n because_o none_o sit_v down_o but_o all_o perform_v their_o devotion_n either_o stand_a or_o prostrate_v themselves_o they_o do_v make_v use_v of_o organ_n or_o any_o other_o musical_a instrument_n in_o their_o church_n be_v persuade_v that_o thing_n inanimate_a can_v glorify_v god_n they_o believe_v their_o church_n profane_v by_o the_o entrance_n of_o any_o strange_a that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o communion_n wherefore_o they_o be_v not_o admit_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o discover_v thrust_v out_o but_o if_o a_o
be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o more_o serious_a matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o muscovite_n retain_v to_o this_o day_n some_o remnant_n of_o the_o mosaic_a law_n for_o though_o they_o do_v not_o abhor_v swine_n flesh_n yet_o they_o will_v not_o touch_v a_o squirrel_n coney_n or_o hare_n but_o which_o be_v the_o odd_a of_o all_o they_o hold_v it_o pagan_a or_o unclean_a to_o eat_v veal_n but_o not_o lamb_n for_o what_o reason_n neither_o they_o nor_o any_o body_n else_o know_v they_o account_v it_o next_o to_o a_o sin_n to_o omit_v lotionem_fw-la post_fw-la inatum_fw-la they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o great_a sin_n for_o a_o muscovite_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o communion_n but_o a_o venial_a trespass_n for_o a_o russian_a woman_n to_o accept_v of_o a_o kindness_n from_o a_o stranger_n they_o give_v for_o a_o reason_n because_o her_o issue_n will_v be_v educate_v in_o the_o true_a russian_a faith_n whereas_o a_o muscovite_n man_n may_v happen_v to_o beget_v a_o child_n upon_o a_o stranger_n which_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o same_o religion_n heresy_n be_v punish_v among_o the_o russian_n with_o fire_n the_o heretic_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o low_a house_n from_o whence_o he_o jump_v into_o the_o fire_n make_v underneath_o and_o immediate_o they_o throw_v straw_n upon_o he_o and_o good_a store_n of_o dry_a splinter_n of_o firr-wood_n these_o be_v fire_v they_o soon_o suffocate_v the_o malefactor_n chap._n xii_o a_o brief_a history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o russian_a great_a duke_n from_o their_o first_o origin_n till_o the_o death_n of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n john_n basilovitz_n the_o first_o origin_n of_o this_o empire_n be_v very_o obscure_a for_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o augustâ—s_n caesar_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o confuse_a the_o achievement_n and_o succession_n of_o these_o ancient_a prince_n be_v among_o a_o ignorant_a people_n it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o imagine_v that_o their_o ancient_a history_n must_v be_v full_a of_o uncertainty_n thus_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o vast_a empire_n be_v in_o former_a age_n divide_v into_o a_o great_a many_o principality_n under_o their_o own_o law_n and_o prince_n which_o in_o after_o age_n and_o by_o several_a degree_n have_v be_v unite_v under_o one_o head_n and_o compose_v that_o vast_a body_n which_o now_o adays_o be_v know_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o russian_n empire_n but_o to_o return_v to_o their_o chronicle_n they_o relate_v that_o augustus_n caesar_n among_o other_o of_o his_o kindred_n who_o he_o send_v to_o be_v governor_n over_o very_o remote_a province_n one_o prussus_fw-la have_v assign_v he_o prussia_n have_v his_o seat_n on_o the_o eastern_a baltic_a shoar_n by_o the_o river_n weixel_n of_o he_o be_v descend_v by_o the_o four_o generation_n rureck_n sinaus_n and_o truvor_n who_o at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o one_o gostomistius_n a_o rich_a citizen_n of_o novogorod_n be_v send_v for_o by_o the_o russian_n who_o at_o that_o time_n live_v without_o any_o civil_a government_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1573._o as_o they_o go_v into_o russia_n they_o take_v a_o long_a with_o they_o olechus_n their_o near_a kinsman_n and_o so_o have_v divide_v the_o whole_a country_n among_o themselves_o each_o in_o his_o province_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o a_o regular_a civil_a government_n iverson_n the_o son_n of_o rureck_n the_o rest_n die_v without_o issue_n become_v successor_n to_o they_o all_o he_o take_v to_o wife_n one_o otha_n the_o daughter_n of_o a_o citizen_n of_o plesscon_n by_o who_o he_o beget_v stoslaus_n but_o be_v after_o that_o slay_a by_o his_o enemy_n his_o wife_n otha_n go_v to_o constantinople_n where_o she_o be_v baptise_a and_o name_v helen_n his_o son_n stoslaus_n be_v a_o warlike_a prince_n and_o very_o victorious_a in_o several_a battle_n till_o at_o last_o be_v slay_v by_o his_o enemy_n they_o make_v a_o cup_n of_o his_o skull_n engraven_v with_o this_o sentence_n seek_v after_o other_o man_n life_n he_o have_v lose_v his_o own_o he_o leave_v three_o son_n teropolchus_fw-la olega_n and_o volodimir_n volodimir_n have_v slay_v his_o two_o elder_a brother_n i._n volodimir_n i._n make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o russia_n he_o marry_v afterward_o anne_n the_o sister_n of_o basitius_fw-la porphyrogenites_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 989_o introduce_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o russian_n himself_o be_v before_o instruct_v in_o it_o and_o baptise_a in_o the_o year_n 988._o some_o among_o who_o be_v zonara_n report_n that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o miracle_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o he_o build_v the_o city_n of_o volodimir_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o the_o river_n cesma_n which_o be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n volodimir_n leave_v behind_o he_o eleven_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n beristus_fw-la and_o glebus_n forsake_v the_o world_n and_o for_o their_o holy_a life_n be_v canonise_v after_o their_o death_n their_o feast_n be_v keep_v by_o the_o russian_n in_o november_n the_o rest_n fall_v into_o contentious_a among_o themselves_o every_o one_o be_v ambitious_a of_o make_v himself_o the_o sole_a and_o supreme_a lord_n of_o all_o russia_n they_o ruin_v one_o another_o till_o jaroslaus_n be_v leave_v the_o only_a inheritor_n of_o all_o their_o dominion_n volodimir_n ii_o volodimir_n ii_o the_o son_n of_o this_o jaroslaus_n use_v to_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n upon_o the_o river_n boristhenis_fw-la he_o be_v grow_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o many_o conflict_n he_o have_v with_o the_o son_n of_o his_o uncle_n who_o have_v at_o last_o subdue_v he_o be_v call_v mono_n machus_n he_o be_v also_o very_o victorious_a against_o constantine_n the_o greek_a emperor_n and_o have_v overrun_v all_o thracia_n return_v home_o load_v with_o honour_n and_o a_o prodigious_a booty_n whilst_o he_o be_v prepare_v to_o renew_v the_o war_n with_o more_o vigour_n against_o the_o emperor_n he_o send_v to_o he_o neuphytus_n bishop_n of_o ephesus_n and_o eustathius_n abbot_n of_o jerusalem_n who_o have_v among_o other_o rich_a gift_n present_v he_o with_o part_n of_o our_o saviour_n cross_n and_o salute_v he_o by_o the_o name_n of_o czar_n persuade_v he_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o constantine_n with_o who_o ever_o after_o he_o cultivate_v a_o very_a good_a correspondance_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n vuzevolodus_n after_o who_o in_o order_n of_o descent_n reign_v george_n and_o demetrius_n george_n succeed_v his_o father_n demetrius_n he_o fight_v with_o very_o ill_a success_n against_o bathy_n the_o tartarian_a prince_n by_o who_o he_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n in_o the_o year_n 1237_o and_o the_o russian_n bring_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o make_v their_o duke_n dependent_a from_o they_o and_o as_o a_o token_n of_o their_o subjection_n force_v they_o too_o often_o as_o the_o tartarian_a ambassador_n shall_v come_v into_o russia_n to_o go_v out_o and_o to_o meet_v they_o and_o to_o stand_v bare_a head_a in_o their_o own_o court_n while_o the_o ambassador_n deliver_v their_o message_n sit_v about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o tartar_n have_v ravage_v poland_n plesia_n and_o hungary_n pope_n innocent_n iv_o obtain_v a_o peace_n or_o rather_o a_o truce_n from_o they_o for_o five_o year_n the_o russian_n affirm_v that_o this_o bathy_n be_v the_o father_n of_o tamerain_n george_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n jaroslaus_n and_o after_o he_o reign_v his_o son_n alexander_n daniel_n the_o son_n of_o alexander_n be_v the_o first_o that_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o castle_n he_o be_v also_o the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n john_n the_o son_n of_o daniel_n be_v surname_v kalota_n which_o signify_v a_o scrip_n which_o he_o always_o carry_v about_o he_o and_o out_o of_o it_o he_o use_v to_o give_v alm_n to_o the_o poor_a his_o son_n simeon_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o leave_v the_o dukedom_n to_o john_n his_o next_o brother_n demetrius_n succeed_v his_o father_n john_n and_o leave_v two_o son_n basilias_fw-la and_o george_n basili_n the_o elder_a brother_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n death_n and_o have_v a_o son_n of_o his_o own_o name_n but_o have_v conceive_v a_o jealousy_n against_o his_o wife_n he_o disinherit_v the_o son_n declare_v george_n his_o brother_n his_o successor_n in_o his_o dominion_n george_n be_v thus_o get_v into_o possession_n of_o russia_n put_v his_o nephew_n basili_n in_o prison_n but_o
at_o his_o death_n though_o he_o have_v two_o son_n of_o his_o own_o resign_v the_o whole_a dukedom_n to_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o same_o basili_n basili_n be_v thus_o unexpected_o put_v into_o his_o suppose_a right_n be_v soon_o attack_v by_o andrew_n and_o demetrius_n the_o two_o son_n of_o george_n who_o can_v not_o brook_v the_o injury_n receive_v by_o their_o father_n last_o will_n and_o have_v surprise_v he_o they_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n think_v thereby_o to_o render_v he_o incapable_a of_o entertain_v any_o further_a hope_n of_o administer_a the_o government_n but_o they_o be_v mistake_v in_o their_o aim_n for_o the_o bojare_n and_o noble_n notwithstanding_o his_o blindness_n keep_v steadfast_a to_o their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n who_o be_v therefore_o surnamed_n cziemnok_n or_o the_o blind_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o basilovit_n john_n basilovit_n succeed_v his_o father_n basili_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v the_o russian_a name_n out_o of_o obscurity_n into_o renown_n for_o after_o have_v secure_v himself_o at_o home_n by_o put_v to_o death_n all_o such_o of_o his_o kindred_n as_o be_v likely_a to_o contend_v with_o he_o for_o the_o superiority_n he_o apply_v all_o his_o thought_n to_o make_v himself_o formidable_a to_o his_o neighbour_n among_o they_o he_o bend_v his_o whole_a force_n against_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o novogorâ—d_n veliki_n with_o who_o he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n for_o seven_o year_n till_o at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1477._o have_v vanquish_v they_o in_o a_o battle_n he_o force_v that_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n to_o a_o submission_n and_o to_o receive_v a_o russian_a governor_n but_o afterward_o think_v himself_o not_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o city_n and_o be_v unwilling_a to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o compel_v they_o by_o force_n he_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n under_o pretence_n of_o some_o religious_a concern_v in_o behalf_n of_o the_o greek_a religion_n so_o that_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o archbishop_n theophilus_n he_o ransact_v it_o and_o carry_v away_o a_o incredible_a booty_n to_o musco_n with_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o send_v muscovite_n thither_o in_o their_o place_n have_v subdue_v this_o potent_a dukedom_n as_o also_o those_o of_o tyversky_n and_o plescou_n and_o several_a other_o petty_a principality_n border_v upon_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o unite_a russia_n into_o one_o considerable_a body_n and_o consequent_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o its_o future_a greatness_n he_o enter_v into_o a_o war_n with_o the_o livonian_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o enlarge_v his_o bound_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n narva_n where_o he_o build_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o ivanogorod_n upon_o a_o steepy_a rock_n opposite_a to_o the_o city_n of_o narva_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o that_o river_n but_o have_v receive_v a_o signal_n overthrow_v in_o a_o battle_n fight_v against_o gually_n the_o pletenbergh_n the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n of_o knight_n he_o be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o they_o for_o fifty_o year_n he_o have_v also_o some_o difference_n with_o alexander_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n have_v as_o he_o pretend_v force_v she_o to_o abandon_v the_o greek_a religion_n and_o to_o turn_v roman_n catholic_n which_o break_v out_o at_o last_o into_o a_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o for_o some_o time_n with_o no_o great_a advantage_n on_o either_o side_n nevertheless_o the_o basilovit_n take_v plescou_n in_o the_o fray_n from_o the_o luthianians_n his_o wife_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o tiversky_n of_o she_o he_o beget_v john_n unto_o who_o after_o he_o have_v marry_v he_o to_o the_o daughter_n of_o stephen_n prince_n of_o moldavia_n he_o resign_v the_o whole_a dukedom_n but_o john_n die_v soon_o after_o leave_v only_o one_o son_n who_o be_v call_v demetrius_n basilovit_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tender_a age_n of_o his_o grandchild_n be_v oblige_v to_o reassume_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n and_o soon_o after_o marry_v a_o second_o wife_n to_o wit_n sophia_n the_o daughter_n of_o thomas_n polvologus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v her_o dowry_n out_o of_o the_o pope_n treasury_n under_o condition_n that_o she_o shall_v endeavour_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o duke_n to_o the_o romish_a faith_n this_o princess_n be_v of_o a_o very_a haughty_a temper_n and_o not_o able_a to_o endure_v that_o her_o husband_n shall_v be_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o tartar_n do_v so_o effectual_o encourage_v he_o to_o shake_v of_o the_o tartarian_a yoke_n that_o have_v first_o dislodge_v the_o tartarian_a ambassador_n that_o have_v their_o residence_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n and_o be_v the_o duke_n overseer_n in_o state_n affair_n afterward_o by_o degree_n dispossess_v they_o of_o all_o they_o hold_v in_o russia_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o this_o princess_n he_o transfer_v the_o dukedom_n from_o demetrius_n his_o grandchild_n the_o son_n of_o john_n decease_a to_o gabriel_n his_o elder_a son_n by_o this_o princess_n gabriel_n be_v no_o soon_o great_a duke_n ivanovit_n basili_n ivanovit_n but_o he_o change_v his_o name_n and_o assume_v that_o of_o basili_n ivanowitz_n he_o after_o the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n apply_v all_o his_o care_n to_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n which_o he_o do_v with_o good_a success_n against_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o polander_n from_o who_o he_o recover_v great_a part_n of_o muscovy_n especial_o the_o city_n of_o smoleusko_n on_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n or_o nieper_n in_o the_o year_n 1514._o he_o also_o eject_v the_o duke_n of_o siberi_n or_o severia_n and_o unite_v the_o province_n to_o his_o crown_n he_o afterward_o turn_v his_o arm_n against_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n who_o he_o defeat_v in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n and_o make_v they_o his_o vassal_n but_o the_o tartar_n have_v soon_o after_o kill_v their_o governor_n surprise_v he_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n and_o have_v force_v he_o to_o retreat_v with_o such_o force_n as_o he_o can_v get_v together_o in_o haste_n under_o novogorod_n on_o the_o river_n occas_fw-la they_o take_v and_o plunder_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o force_v the_o castle_n to_o a_o shameful_a capitulation_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v to_o be_v tributary_n to_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o tartar_n have_v soon_o after_o break_v the_o capitulation_n by_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o rhesan_n and_o the_o weywode_n or_o muscovite_n governor_n have_v by_o a_o straitagem_n get_v into_o his_o possession_n the_o great_a duke_n original_a letter_n patent_n whereby_o the_o condition_n make_v with_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n be_v confirm_v as_o have_v be_v relate_v before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n and_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n force_v the_o tartar_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o rhesan_n both_o the_o people_n and_o great_a duke_n be_v so_o encourage_v by_o the_o sudenness_n of_o so_o lucky_a a_o accident_n that_o the_o latter_a march_v against_o the_o tartar_n and_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o casan_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v attack_v with_o all_o the_o vigour_n imaginable_a but_o these_o within_o be_v conscious_a of_o their_o guilt_n fight_v like_o desperate_a man_n so_o that_o after_n much_o bloodshed_n on_o both_o side_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o conquest_n of_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o tartarian_a kingdom_n on_o that_o side_n to_o his_o son_n john_n basilovit_n who_o he_o beget_v of_o helan_n the_o daughter_n of_o knez_n glinsky_n after_o have_v divorce_v himself_o from_o his_o first_o wife_n john_n basilovit_n be_v but_o a_o child_n basilovit_n john_n basilovit_n succeed_v his_o father_n under_o the_o tuition_n of_o george_n his_o uncle_n in_o the_o year_n 1540_o but_o no_o soon_o be_v he_o arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o maturity_n but_o he_o give_v most_o evident_a proof_n of_o his_o future_a greatness_n be_v willing_a to_o make_v himself_o formidable_a to_o his_o neighbour_n by_o some_o memorable_a exploit_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n his_o father_n have_v receive_v before_o casan_n which_o city_n he_o besiege_v in_o the_o year_n 1552_o war_n his_o war_n and_o after_o he_o have_v batter_v it_o very_o furious_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n offer_v they_o very_o honourable_a condition_n which_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o accept_v he_o order_v the_o general_a assault_n to_o be_v give_v on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o july_n in_o the_o same_o year_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o resolute_a defence_n make_v
by_o the_o tartar_n carry_v it_o by_o storm_n and_o thereby_o become_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n about_o two_o year_n after_o he_o march_v against_o the_o nagajan_n tartar_n border_v to_o the_o south_n upon_o those_o of_o casan_n and_o have_v in_o the_o year_n 1554_o on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n take_v by_o assault_n astra_fw-la chan_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n he_o also_o reduce_v that_o kingdom_n under_o his_o subjection_n by_o what_o accident_n he_o get_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vast_a country_n of_o siberia_n which_o have_v since_o prove_v one_o of_o the_o most_o profitable_a to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n by_o which_o they_o have_v open_v themselves_o a_o way_n into_o china_n as_o have_v be_v relate_v before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o that_o province_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o he_o turn_v his_o victorious_a arm_n again_o livonia_n where_o have_v ravage_v the_o bishopric_n of_o derpt_a and_o virland_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o narva_n and_o of_o toopator-derpt_a so_o that_o the_o livonian_o not_o be_v able_a alone_o to_o resist_v his_o power_n and_o be_v put_v into_o despair_n by_o the_o most_o horrid_a cruelty_n exercise_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o especial_o against_o furstenbergh_n the_o master_n of_o their_o order_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o some_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o sweden_n the_o rest_n under_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1570_o he_o send_v a_o very_a numerous_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o maynus_fw-la duke_n of_o holstein_n to_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o revel_n in_o livonia_n but_o the_o city_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o swede_n under_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v force_v he_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o when_o he_o attack_v it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1577_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o better_a success_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1581._o the_o swedish_n general_n pontus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr guard_n recover_v the_o city_n of_o narva_n from_o the_o muscovite_n he_o be_v at_o first_o also_o very_o successful_a against_o the_o pole_n till_o stephen_n battori_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n and_o elect_a king_n of_o poland_n not_o only_o recover_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v from_o that_o crown_n before_o but_o also_o oblige_v he_o to_o make_v a_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1582_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o he_o relinquish_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o that_o part_n of_o livonia_n which_o have_v put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1571_o the_o crim-tartar_n also_o make_v a_o great_a irruption_n into_o muscovy_n destroy_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o at_o last_o burn_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n as_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v attend_v with_o victory_n abroad_o so_o at_o home_n he_o rule_v for_o some_o time_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o mildness_n and_o by_o the_o outward_a show_n of_o his_o piety_n make_v his_o subject_n conceive_v all_o the_o hope_n that_o can_v be_v of_o a_o prosperous_a reign_n for_o he_o will_v go_v frequent_o to_o church_n say_v the_o service_n himself_o sing_z and_o never_o fail_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o ecclesiastical_a ceremony_n nay_o sometime_o execute_v the_o function_n of_o monk_n and_o priest_n himself_o which_o without_o question_n be_v it_o that_o mislead_v paulus_n jovius_n into_o that_o mistake_n when_o he_o call_v he_o a_o good_a and_o devout_a christian_a for_o it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n that_o he_o abuse_v both_o god_n and_o man_n and_o that_o his_o pretend_a piety_n be_v only_o intend_v to_o gain_v the_o popular_a applause_n which_o he_o both_o effect_v and_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o and_o to_o cover_v his_o most_o horrid_a design_n against_o such_o of_o the_o nobility_n as_o he_o be_v afraid_a will_v not_o submit_v without_o reluctancy_n to_o the_o yoke_n he_o intend_v to_o put_v upon_o their_o neck_n he_o begin_v to_o give_v the_o first_o proof_n of_o his_o cruel_a disposition_n in_o the_o year_n 1560_o when_o have_v acquire_v a_o vast_a reputation_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o by_o the_o great_a success_n of_o his_o arm_n against_o the_o tartar_n livonian_o and_o pole_n he_o think_v this_o the_o most_o convenient_a time_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n his_o design_n of_o make_v himself_o the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n his_o grandfather_n have_v lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o maxim_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n basili_n the_o father_n of_o john_n basilovitz_n to_o wit_n to_o suppress_v the_o ancient_a nobility_n by_o despoil_v they_o not_o only_o of_o their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_n but_o also_o of_o their_o estate_n but_o this_o tyrant_n look_v upon_o these_o mean_v as_o insufficient_a resolve_v by_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o he_o find_v in_o the_o least_o contrary_a to_o his_o design_n to_o secure_v to_o himself_o the_o arbitrary_a disposal_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n he_o make_v the_o first_o beginning_n with_o one_o demetrius_n owezinovitz_n cruelty_n his_o cruelty_n a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n among_o the_o russian_n be_v therefore_o willing_a to_o be_v rid_v of_o he_o he_o invite_v he_o one_o evening_n to_o supper_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o seem_a friendship_n where_o they_o drink_v very_o merry_o so_o that_o demâ—trius_n begin_v to_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o the_o tyrant_n perceive_v and_o believe_v this_o to_o be_v a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o execution_n he_o drink_v to_o he_o a_o great_a bowl-full_a of_o strong_a hydromel_n which_o he_o oblige_v demetrius_n to_o pledge_v to_o his_o the_o great_a duke_n health_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o drink_v above_o half_a of_o it_o the_o great_a duke_n angry_o tell_v he_o that_o since_o he_o be_v so_o unmannerly_a as_o to_o refuse_v to_o drink_v his_o health_n in_o his_o presence_n he_o may_v get_v down_o into_o his_o wine-cellar_n where_o he_o shall_v drink_v it_o at_o his_o own_o leisure_n demetrius_n be_v very_o willing_a to_o obey_v go_v without_o reluctancy_n down_o into_o the_o cellar_n where_o by_o the_o secret_a order_n of_o the_o tyrant_n he_o be_v suffocate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v either_o secret_o slay_v or_o suffocate_v several_a person_n of_o eminent_a quality_n without_o any_o body_n daring_n to_o inquire_v into_o their_o death_n till_o at_o last_o the_o patriarch_n and_o the_o other_o prelate_n in_o conjunction_n with_o some_o of_o the_o bold_a among_o the_o nobility_n have_v represent_v to_o he_o the_o enormity_n of_o his_o action_n he_o seem_v for_o some_o small_a time_n to_o have_v change_v his_o cruel_a sentiment_n into_o a_o more_o mild_a disposition_n the_o better_a to_o confirm_v they_o in_o this_o opinion_n he_o get_v it_o spread_v abroad_o that_o he_o intend_v to_o abdicate_v the_o empire_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n and_o soon_o after_o have_v call_v together_o the_o nobility_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o since_o he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o he_o intent_a to_o make_v his_o successor_n he_o will_v recommend_v they_o to_o their_o care_n that_o he_o do_v not_o question_v but_o they_o will_v not_o only_o pay_v they_o due_a allegiance_n but_o also_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o counsel_n and_o good_a advice_n that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o intend_v to_o build_v himself_o a_o monastery_n near_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o he_o will_v be_v ready_a at_o hand_n to_o give_v his_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o any_o moment_n have_v thus_o cajole_v they_o into_o a_o good_a opinion_n he_o cause_v a_o very_a large_a building_n to_o be_v erect_v surround_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n which_o he_o endow_v with_o considerable_a revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o such_o as_o be_v to_o abide_v with_o he_o there_o and_o to_o lead_v as_o he_o pretend_v a_o monastic_a life_n but_o in_o effect_n to_o serve_v as_o a_o encouragement_n to_o such_o as_o he_o intend_v to_o employ_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o cruel_a design_n for_o after_o he_o have_v settle_v himself_o with_o his_o gang_n in_o this_o castle_n he_o use_v under_o pretence_n of_o preferment_n to_o send_v such_o of_o his_o noble_n as_o he_o intend_v to_o sacrifice_v to_o his_o ambition_n into_o some_o distant_a province_n or_o another_o as_o governor_n whither_o after_o some_o time_n he_o will_v command_v some_o of_o his_o soldier_n under_o such_o officer_n as_o be_v beforehand_o engage_v to_o execute_v his_o order_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v to_o be_v perpetrate_v under_o pretence_n of_o change_v the_o garrison_n where_o
by_o the_o giddy-headed_a multitude_n who_o be_v always_o in_o extreme_n and_o fond_a of_o novelty_n show_v their_o approbation_n by_o dig_v up_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o demetrius_n which_o with_o most_o horrible_a imprecation_n in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n excel_v most_o other_o nation_n they_o burn_v and_o throw_v the_o ash_n into_o the_o air_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o relish_v so_o well_o with_o the_o pole_n but_o that_o notwitstand_v all_o his_o specious_a pretence_n they_o resolve_v to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o severe_a account_n for_o the_o barbarity_n commit_v upon_o their_o countryman_n neither_o be_v it_o long_o before_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o to_o give_v very_o sensible_a proof_n of_o their_o utmost_a resentment_n against_o zuski_n the_o contriver_n and_o chief_a actor_n of_o that_o tragedy_n for_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o late_a demetrius_n be_v expose_v to_o public_a view_n for_o several_a day_n it_o be_v so_o mangle_v and_o hack_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o multitude_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v know_v even_o by_o the_o near_a of_o his_o friend_n which_o schacopski_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o demetrius_n and_o one_o of_o his_o most_o trusty_a friend_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n with_o two_o or_o three_o more_o who_o he_o know_v to_o be_v absolute_o in_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o city_n of_o puttiwoll_n which_o have_v always_o stand_v vigorous_a for_o demetrius_n from_o the_o first_o time_n he_o enter_v muscovy_n with_o a_o army_n as_o they_o be_v travel_v upon_o the_o road_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o spread_v it_o about_o the_o country_n that_o demetrius_n be_v not_o dead_a that_o the_o people_n during_o the_o tumult_n have_v apprehend_v and_o massacre_v another_o in_o his_o place_n he_o have_v at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o disorder_n save_v himself_o by_o flight_n they_o show_v to_o several_a innkeeper_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o muscovy_n tell_v they_o at_o their_o departure_n that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o shall_v know_v what_o a_o great_a guest_n they_o have_v entertain_v that_o night_n they_o be_v also_o very_o profuse_a of_o their_o gold_n all_o which_o serve_v for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o what_o they_o have_v hear_v they_o say_v before_o they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v enjoin_v secreâ—ie_n the_o more_o eager_a be_v they_o in_o whisper_a it_o about_o among_o their_o friend_n so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o become_v currant_n news_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o it_o have_v be_v encourage_v and_o improve_v by_o some_o secret_a friend_n of_o demetrius_n there_o be_v scarce_o a_o meeting_n where_o this_o surprise_v news_n be_v not_o the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o discourse_n every_o one_o judge_v of_o the_o matter_n according_a to_o his_o own_o sentiment_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n george_n schacopski_n be_v with_o his_o friend_n arrive_v at_o puttiwoll_n from_o whence_o have_v immediate_o dispatch_v a_o messenger_n into_o poland_n with_o letter_n to_o the_o weywode_n of_o sendomiria_n lady_n wherein_o he_o give_v she_o a_o full_a relation_n of_o the_o conspiracy_n form_v by_o zuski_n and_o his_o party_n against_o her_o son-in-law_n but_o that_o by_o a_o peculiar_a providence_n he_o have_v save_v himself_o in_o time_n by_o flight_n and_o be_v retire_v to_o a_o place_n of_o security_n from_o whence_o he_o will_v sudden_o return_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o considerable_a army_n to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o friend_n upon_o these_o traitor_n that_o her_o husband_n also_o have_v by_o his_o valour_n escape_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o enrage_a multitude_n and_o remain_v in_o good_a health_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n he_o hope_v to_o give_v she_o a_o more_o ample_a account_n of_o the_o further_a success_n of_o their_o affair_n have_v send_v away_o the_o messenger_n with_o these_o dispatch_n he_o immediate_o demand_v audience_n in_o the_o great_a duke_n demetrius_n his_o master_n name_n which_o be_v soon_o grant_v he_o appear_v in_o the_o assembly_n the_o next_o day_n where_o have_v high_o extol_v the_o zeal_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o puttiwoll_n in_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n in_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o their_o constancy_n in_o persevere_v ever_o since_o steadfast_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n he_o tell_v they_o how_o zuski_n the_o present_a usurper_n prompt_v by_o his_o immensurable_a ambition_n of_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o own_o head_n have_v with_o his_o party_n form_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o life_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n demetrius_n that_o to_o facilitate_v their_o hellish_a design_n they_o have_v massacre_v a_o great_a number_n of_o innocent_a person_n in_o their_o bed_n against_o all_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n and_o afterward_o intend_v to_o have_v do_v the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o who_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v surprise_v in_o his_o palace_n but_o have_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o little_a while_n by_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o his_o trusty_a servant_n he_o have_v by_o a_o peculiar_a providence_n of_o god_n almighty_n get_v into_o his_o stable_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o some_o of_o his_o swift_a horse_n he_o be_v with_o a_o few_o of_o his_o particular_a friend_n escape_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n and_o have_v direct_v his_o course_n to_o poland_n from_o whence_o he_o soon_o hope_v to_o return_v with_o so_o considerable_a a_o force_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o reduce_v his_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o obedience_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o have_v recommend_v to_o his_o care_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n in_o his_o absence_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o which_o he_o produce_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o muscovy_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v he_o a_o most_o particular_a charge_n to_o satisfy_v his_o faithful_a citizen_n of_o puttiwoll_n that_o he_o be_v alive_a and_o in_o a_o place_n of_o security_n he_o further_o add_v that_o have_v have_v such_o constant_a and_o evident_a proof_n of_o their_o loyalty_n he_o have_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o master_n command_n take_v the_o direct_a road_n to_o this_o city_n to_o discharge_v himself_o of_o his_o commission_n and_o to_o give_v they_o fresh_a assurance_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n favour_n which_o they_o have_v at_o this_o time_n the_o best_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n to_o improve_v to_o their_o advantage_n if_o as_o they_o have_v do_v heretofore_o they_o will_v by_o their_o steadfastness_n show_v a_o good_a example_n to_o the_o other_o neighbour_a city_n and_o acquire_v to_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n the_o glory_n of_o a_o unshaken_a loyalty_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n the_o citizen_n of_o puttiwoll_n be_v by_o these_o speciâ—â—â—_n pretence_n soon_o inveigle_v into_o a_o belief_n of_o his_o â—â—â—cere_a intention_n and_o take_v compassion_n on_o the_o misfortune_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o interest_n they_o have_v always_o espouse_v from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o first_o comiâ—â—_n out_o of_o poland_n into_o muscovy_n they_o after_o have_v return_v their_o most_o hearty_a thanks_o for_o the_o honour_n he_o do_v they_o in_o put_v so_o great_a a_o value_n upon_o their_o service_n declare_v unanimous_o that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o sacrifice_v their_o life_n and_o what_o else_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o in_o this_o world_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o lawful_a prince_n and_o that_o as_o a_o token_n of_o their_o fidelity_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o the_o lord_n chancellour's_n order_v till_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o honour_v they_o with_o his_o presence_n the_o chancellour_n project_n have_v thus_o far_o succeed_v according_a to_o wish_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o he_o dispatch_v some_o messenger_n to_o the_o tartar_n unto_o who_o he_o represent_v the_o cruelty_n and_o treachery_n of_o zuski_n and_o by_o what_o good_a fortune_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v escape_v his_o hand_n command_v they_o in_o his_o name_n to_o repair_v at_o their_o rendezvous_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v near_o puttiwoll_n the_o cosack_v be_v also_o inveigle_v by_o the_o same_o artifices_fw-la of_o schacopski_n as_o they_o have_v always_o adhere_v to_o the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n so_o they_o be_v now_o the_o most_o forward_o in_o appear_v in_o arm_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n so_o that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n see_v himself_o thus_o strengthen_v by_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o cosack_n tartar_n and_o some_o mâ—scovites_n and_o by_o the_o surrender_n of_o several_a other_o place_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o puttiwoll_n he_o oblige_v
one_o another_o when_o a_o body_n of_o five_o thousand_o muscovite_n which_o be_v post_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o demetrian_a army_n instead_o of_o attacking_z the_o enemy_n run_v over_o to_o they_o all_o in_o a_o body_n which_o have_v put_v polutnich_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n it_o be_v think_v most_o advisable_a to_o avoid_v fight_v and_o to_o retreat_v to_o thula_n zuski_n fall_v in_o their_o rear_n cut_v off_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o close_o pursue_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v immediate_o after_o surround_v by_o the_o whole_a army_n and_o attack_v with_o all_o the_o fury_n imaginable_a the_o besiege_v have_v in_o their_o retreat_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v behind_o they_o all_o their_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n be_v very_o ill_o provide_v with_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o sustain_v a_o siege_n nevertheless_o trust_v in_o their_o courage_n they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o valiant_o that_o the_o muscovite_n see_v themselves_o repulse_v with_o great_a slaughter_n in_o several_a attack_n be_v oblige_v to_o enclose_v the_o city_n by_o make_v strong_a line_n of_o circumvallation_n round_o about_o it_o in_o hope_n to_o reduce_v it_o by_o famine_n which_o succeed_v according_a to_o their_o expectation_n for_o those_o within_o by_o their_o sudden_a retreat_n have_v have_v neither_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o put_v provision_n in_o the_o city_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n reduce_v to_o the_o great_a extremity_n for_o want_n of_o they_o schacopski_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v not_o a_o little_a amaze_v that_o he_o receive_v not_o the_o least_o news_n out_o of_o poland_n whither_o he_o have_v dispatch_v his_o messenger_n to_o advertise_v they_o of_o the_o danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o thula_n who_o see_v themselves_o reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o be_v force_v to_o feed_v upon_o cat_n dog_n horse_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n without_o hope_n of_o relief_n begin_v to_o be_v mutinous_a and_o to_o accuse_v both_o schacopski_n and_o polutnich_n of_o have_v betray_v they_o by_o their_o fictitious_a insinuation_n as_o if_o their_o great_a duke_n demetrius_n be_v alive_a in_o poland_n which_o if_o he_o have_v be_v he_o will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o give_v they_o his_o assistance_n in_o this_o extremity_n schacopski_n put_v the_o best_a countenance_n he_o can_v upon_o the_o matter_n tell_v they_o that_o they_o can_v not_o expect_v he_o to_o come_v in_o person_n unless_o back_v with_o a_o force_n suitable_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o that_o if_o they_o will_v but_o have_v patience_n he_o do_v not_o question_n but_o in_o a_o few_o day_n to_o hear_v of_o his_o approach_n in_o order_n to_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n polutnich_n assure_v they_o upon_o his_o honour_n that_o he_o himself_o have_v see_v and_o speak_v with_o a_o certain_a person_n of_o about_o thirty_o year_n of_o age_n who_o be_v in_o poland_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v the_o true_a demetrius_n and_o from_o who_o hand_n he_o have_v receive_v his_o commission_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o rely_v upon_o his_o word_n alone_o but_o that_o he_o will_v advise_v they_o to_o send_v a_o trusty_a messenger_n of_o their_o own_o one_o who_o they_o know_v to_o have_v see_v the_o prince_n demetrius_n before_o into_o poland_n to_o represent_v to_o he_o the_o true_a state_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o to_o solicit_v prompt_a succour_n that_o at_o his_o return_n he_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o any_o thing_n they_o shall_v think_v most_o advisable_a for_o their_o common_a safety_n the_o citizen_n of_o thula_n have_v give_v their_o consent_n to_o this_o proposal_n and_o dispatch_v a_o certain_a messenger_n who_o by_o favour_n of_o the_o night_n and_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o besieger_n get_v safe_o through_o their_o camp_n without_o be_v discover_v they_o give_v fresh_a assurance_n of_o their_o steadfastness_n to_o polutnich_n till_o the_o return_n of_o this_o emissary_n schacopski_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v that_o he_o can_v not_o hear_v the_o least_o tiding_n out_o of_o poland_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o the_o pole_n have_v engage_v to_o personate_v the_o true_a demetrius_n have_v understand_v in_o what_o ill_a a_o posture_n his_o affair_n be_v in_o muscovy_n after_o the_o two_o last_o defeat_n begin_v to_o retract_v his_o promise_n of_o make_v himself_o a_o instrument_n to_o satisfy_v the_o revenge_n of_o the_o pole_n upon_o the_o muscovite_n and_o set_v before_o his_o eye_n the_o fatal_a end_n of_o the_o late_a demetrius_n terrent_fw-la quia_fw-la i_o vestigia_fw-la terrent_fw-la after_o he_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o look_v upon_o the_o muscovian_a throne_n like_o the_o fox_n upon_o the_o lion_n den_n and_o therefore_o wise_o resolve_v rather_o to_o enjoy_v himself_o upon_o his_o plentiful_a estate_n in_o poland_n than_o to_o expose_v himself_o to_o danger_n for_o the_o imaginary_a lustre_n of_o a_o crown_n but_o the_o pole_n be_v full_o resolve_v not_o to_o acquit_v zuski_n thus_o of_o the_o barbarity_n commit_v against_o their_o countryman_n pole_n another_o demetrius_n set_v up_o by_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o long_o before_o they_o find_v out_o another_o to_o supply_v his_o place_n muscovy_n so_o fertile_a of_o impostor_n soon_o furnish_v they_o with_o one_o who_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o fit_a tool_n to_o promote_v their_o obstinate_a revenge_n against_o zuski_n this_o be_v one_o ivan_n or_o john_n a_o native_a of_o pocala_n a_o city_n of_o russia_n where_o he_o have_v be_v a_o schoolmaster_n for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v grow_v weary_a of_o his_o employment_n take_v hold_v of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o meliorate_v his_o condition_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o change_v his_o school_n sceptre_n for_o that_o of_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n the_o first_o who_o public_o espouse_v his_o interest_n be_v one_o micharetski_n a_o man_n of_o very_o eminent_a quality_n in_o poland_n who_o have_v gather_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o troop_n they_o march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o to_o puttiwoll_n where_o have_v be_v receive_v with_o the_o great_a demonstration_n of_o joy_n and_o respect_v due_a to_o their_o sovereign_n they_o direct_v their_o march_n to_o the_o city_n of_o staradub_o where_o be_v reinforce_v by_o some_o muscovite_n that_o upon_o the_o rumour_n spread_v abroad_o of_o the_o arrival_n of_o their_o prince_n demetrius_n flock_v in_o to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o thula_n the_o second_o counterfeit_a demetrius_n whilst_o they_o be_v concert_v measure_n to_o put_v their_o intend_a design_n in_o execution_n the_o messenger_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o thula_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v intercept_v by_o the_o enemy_n party_n that_o be_v abroad_o in_o great_a number_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o travel_v a_o great_a way_n about_o before_o he_o arrive_v at_o staradub_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o presence_n of_o this_o new_a model_v demetrius_n who_o though_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o the_o other_o demetrius_n yet_o be_v so_o far_o different_a from_o he_o who_o this_o messenger_n have_v see_v frequent_o before_o that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o little_a startle_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o it_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o deliver_v his_o message_n without_o confusion_n demetrius_n by_o the_o dissatisfaction_n he_o observe_v in_o his_o countenance_n so_o on_o guess_v at_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o it_o judge_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o send_v back_o his_o resolution_n of_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o town_n by_o this_o messenger_n who_o he_o fear_v may_v by_o this_o discovery_n raise_v a_o great_a prejudice_n in_o the_o place_n against_o his_o person_n and_o interest_n wherefore_o have_v order_v he_o to_o be_v secure_v under_o a_o good_a guard_n upon_o some_o pretence_n or_o other_o he_o resolve_v to_o detain_v he_o till_o he_o in_o person_n can_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o the_o place_n this_o precaution_n zuski_n thula_n surrender_v to_o zuski_n though_o in_o itself_o found_v upon_o very_o weighty_a reason_n yet_o prove_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o thula_n for_o both_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o city_n not_o receive_v the_o least_o intelligence_n concern_v their_o messenger_n who_o they_o have_v dispatch_v into_o poland_n they_o conclude_v that_o he_o must_v have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n it_o be_v resolve_v with_o joint-consent_n rather_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o advantageous_a condition_n offer_v to_o they_o by_o zuski_n than_o to_o perish_v by_o famine_n
into_o the_o fright_a citizens_n it_o be_v resolve_v with_o what_o force_n they_o can_v assemble_v in_o haste_n to_o post_v themselves_o in_o a_o very_a advantageous_a place_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o severia_n thereby_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o southern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n border_v on_o lithuania_n from_o whence_o they_o must_v be_v supply_v with_o man_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o the_o war._n the_o pole_n be_v not_o a_o little_a startle_v at_o this_o vigorous_a refolution_n of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v lose_v past_o all_o recovery_n but_o have_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v they_o to_o secure_v their_o retreat_n and_o to_o keep_v open_a the_o communication_n with_o their_o own_o country_n than_o their_o sword_n they_o resolve_v to_o make_v a_o amends_o for_o their_o ill_a conduct_n by_o their_o bravery_n have_v therefore_o draw_v back_o their_o army_n from_o the_o more_o northern_a part_n to_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o march_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o severia_n where_o have_v with_o a_o most_o gallant_a resolution_n either_o to_o vanquish_v or_o to_o die_v defeat_v the_o muscovite_n defeat_v attack_v those_o force_n in_o their_o advantageous_a post_n they_o put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n and_o thus_o have_v open_v their_o passage_n they_o pitch_v their_o tent_n near_o the_o city_n of_o tusin_n betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n tusin_n and_o moska_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n surround_v and_o secure_v their_o camp_n be_v now_o become_v more_o and_o more_o sensible_a of_o their_o error_n demetrius_n musco_n block_v up_o by_o demetrius_n in_o have_v neglect_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_v before_o of_o so_o advantageous_a a_o post_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n will_v have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o that_o city_n during_o the_o first_o consternation_n they_o by_o frequent_a excursion_n endeavour_v to_o repair_v their_o first_o fault_n by_o which_o they_o so_o enclose_v the_o citizen_n within_o their_o wall_n that_o scarce_o a_o man_n dare_v appear_v at_o any_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n the_o inhabitant_n see_v themselves_o thus_o reduce_v to_o great_a scarcity_n as_o be_v very_o near_o quite_o shut_v up_o by_o the_o frequent_a excursion_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o see_v themselves_o in_o no_o capacity_n at_o present_a to_o drive_v they_o from_o their_o advantageous_a post_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v whether_o by_o certain_a proposal_n of_o peace_n they_o may_v not_o disunite_v the_o pole_n in_o the_o camp_n of_o demetrius_n they_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o last_o massacre_n of_o the_o pole_n detain_v the_o polish_v ambassador_n and_o the_o weywodâ—_n of_o sendomiria_n with_o his_o daughter_n the_o great_a duchess_n marina_n prisoners_z and_o as_o they_o do_v not_o question_v that_o they_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o their_o liberty_n so_o they_o believe_v they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o they_o as_o fit_a instrument_n to_o encompass_v their_o design_n it_o be_v not_o the_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o pole_n they_o aim_v at_o but_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o pole_n to_o be_v unstable_a they_o hope_v by_o this_o artifice_n to_o 〈◊〉_d time_n at_o least_o till_o the_o arrival_n of_o those_o supplieâ—_n which_o be_v raise_v for_o their_o relief_n in_o the_o northern_a province_n by_o knez_fw-fr basili_n masalski_n a_o near_a kâ—â—man_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n to_o obtain_v this_o end_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v propose_v to_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n and_o the_o weigh_v wood_fw-mi of_o sendomiria_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n to_o remove_v all_o obstacle_n a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n shall_v be_v agrree_v on_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o wey_n woo_v of_o sendomiria_n be_v very_o willing_a to_o lay_v hold_n of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o free_v himself_o from_o his_o captivity_n send_v one_o of_o his_o best_a friend_n into_o the_o camp_n of_o demetrius_n to_o make_v these_o proposal_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v the_o pole_n to_o separate_v themselves_o from_o demetrius_n and_o to_o cease_v from_o commit_v any_o hostility_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n may_v prove_v a_o obstacle_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o consequent_o to_o his_o liberty_n but_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n not_o measure_v their_o interest_n by_o that_o of_o the_o weywode_n but_o by_o the_o success_n of_o demetrius_n from_o whence_o they_o hope_v to_o reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o their_o past_a labour_n be_v so_o 〈◊〉_d from_o harken_v to_o these_o proposition_n that_o they_o will_v not_o as_o much_o as_o enter_v upon_o the_o least_o commerce_n of_o a_o treaty_n unless_o it_o be_v grant_v as_o a_o preliminary_a article_n that_o demetrius_n shall_v be_v immediate_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n and_o the_o usurper_n zuski_n to_o be_v deliver_v up_o into_o their_o hand_n the_o muscovite_n find_v themselves_o disappoint_v in_o their_o expectation_n have_v no_o other_o mean_v leave_v to_o secure_v themselves_o but_o to_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n for_o which_o end_n have_v dispatch_v frequent_a messenger_n to_o basili_n masalski_n who_o we_o mention_v before_o to_o hasten_v to_o their_o relief_n he_o pursuant_n to_o the_o reiterated_a order_n from_o court_n march_v with_o his_o army_n which_o consist_v of_o near_o fourscore_o thousand_o man_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o have_v entrench_v himself_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n chodiunka_n about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o city_n he_o hope_v to_o meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o dislodge_v the_o demetrian_o or_o at_o least_o to_o annoy_v they_o and_o hinder_v their_o frequent_a excursion_n but_o roâ—inski_n who_o be_v not_o insensible_a of_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o so_o great_a a_o army_n to_o his_o camp_n resolve_v to_o beat_v up_o their_o quarter_n with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o draw_v his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o line_n unperceived_a of_o the_o enemy_n by_o favour_n of_o the_o night_n roâ—ted_v the_o zuâ—kiâ—n_a army_n roâ—ted_v and_o have_v approach_v the_o enemy_n camp_n over-secure_a in_o their_o number_n and_o nearness_n to_o the_o city_n attack_v they_o in_o their_o entrenchment_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n they_o kill_v near_o twenty_o thousand_o upon_o the_o place_n the_o rest_n escape_v to_o the_o city_n leave_v among_o the_o prisoner_n their_o general_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o pole_n who_o have_v purchase_v so_o signal_n a_o victory_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o very_a few_o of_o their_o man_n have_v almost_o dear_o pay_v for_o it_o at_o last_o for_o have_v disperse_v themselves_o all_o over_o the_o field_n without_o the_o least_o order_n or_o any_o guard_n to_o secure_v they_o and_o be_v thus_o engage_v in_o the_o pillage_n of_o the_o dead_a body_n and_o the_o enemy_n camp_n the_o muscovite_n at_o break_n of_o day_n have_v be_v advertise_v of_o the_o disorder_n they_o be_v in_o â—â—llyed_v their_o scatter_a troop_n again_o kally_n again_o and_o be_v reinforce_v with_o fresh_a supply_n out_o of_o the_o city_n return_v to_o the_o charge_n and_o renew_v the_o combat_n fall_v every_o where_n upon_o the_o victorious_a pole_n before_o they_o have_v time_n to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o receive_v the_o enemy_n so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o disorder_n confusion_n and_o slaughter_n to_o be_v see_v all_o over_o the_o field_n and_o the_o muscovite_n be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o snatch_v the_o victory_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o conqueror_n who_o begin_v to_o prepare_v to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o their_o general_n who_o come_v in_o timely_a with_o a_o small_a body_n of_o horse_n to_o their_o assistance_n both_o by_o their_o word_n and_o example_n encourage_v they_o either_o to_o vanquish_v or_o to_o die_v they_o appear_v in_o every_o place_n where_o they_o find_v their_o presence_n most_o necessary_a to_o animate_v the_o soldier_n oppress_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o tell_v they_o that_o be_v surround_v on_o all_o side_n they_o must_v put_v all_o their_o hope_n of_o relief_n on_o the_o point_n of_o their_o sword_n they_o represent_v to_o they_o how_o ignominious_a it_o will_v be_v to_o be_v rout_v by_o those_o they_o have_v so_o late_o vanquish_v and_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v rob_v of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o victory_n so_o that_o partly_o out_o of_o shame_n partly_o out_o of_o despair_n they_o first_o begin_v to_o make_v good_a their_o ground_n and_o then_o be_v animate_v with_o revenge_n they_o fall_v with_o such_o fury_n upon_o the_o muscovite_n time_n the_o zuskians_n
beat_v a_o second_o time_n that_o at_o last_o they_o force_v they_o to_o retreat_n and_o thus_o in_o one_o day_n gain_v a_o double_a victory_n over_o their_o enemy_n the_o reputation_n of_o which_o be_v improve_v by_o fame_n not_o only_o some_o of_o the_o most_o remote_a province_n of_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n send_v their_o deputy_n to_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o demetrius_n but_o he_o be_v also_o daily_o supply_v with_o fresh_a recruit_n out_o of_o poland_n beside_o a_o body_n of_o 4000_o new-raised_a horse_n under_o the_o command_n of_o zlarowski_n and_o sapiha_n the_o muscovite_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n have_v scarce_o leave_v a_o sufficient_a number_n out_o of_o their_o vast_a army_n to_o defend_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o see_v demetriâ—â—_n increase_v in_o strength_n daily_o be_v force_v to_o have_v 〈◊〉_d course_n to_o new_a counsel_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o once_o more_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o polish_v ambassador_n and_o the_o weywode_n of_o sendomiria_n who_o be_v as_o yet_o in_o their_o custody_n unto_o these_o they_o promise_v golden_a mountain_n if_o by_o their_o interest_n at_o the_o polish_v court_n they_o can_v prevail_v with_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o recall_v his_o subject_n out_o of_o the_o service_n of_o this_o pseudo-demetrius_n the_o ambassador_n and_o the_o weywode_n glad_o accept_v their_o offer_n but_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o their_o liberty_n tell_v they_o that_o they_o do_v not_o question_v if_o matter_n be_v true_o represent_v to_o the_o king_n he_o may_v in_o time_n be_v induce_v to_o draw_v off_o his_o supply_n from_o demetrius_n but_o that_o as_o his_o interest_n at_o court_n be_v back_v by_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o great_a esteem_n with_o the_o king_n himself_o so_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prevail_v against_o their_o power_n when_o absent_a which_o perhaps_o when_o present_a they_o may_v do_v without_o much_o difficulty_n by_o represent_v to_o the_o court_n the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o case_n and_o the_o imposture_n of_o demetrius_n they_o represent_v to_o they_o how_o advantageous_a it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o affair_n in_o detect_v the_o whole_a intrigue_n of_o this_o supposititious_a demetrius_n if_o marina_n in_o person_n appear_v at_o court_n and_o by_o she_o own_o confession_n confirm_v the_o death_n of_o her_o lord_n which_o will_v put_v the_o imposture_n of_o this_o pretender_n beyond_o all_o question_n and_o without_o doubt_n contribute_v more_o than_o all_o other_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o recalling_a of_o the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o impostor_n the_o muscovite_n do_v not_o very_o well_o relish_v these_o proposition_n be_v unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o their_o prisoner_n upon_o so_o easy_a term_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overrule_v by_o the_o speciousness_n of_o their_o allege_a reason_n and_o much_o more_o by_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o these_o polish_v lord_n unto_o who_o as_o well_o as_o to_o marina_n liberty_n marina_z and_o her_o father_n set_v at_o liberty_n they_o grant_v their_o liberty_n under_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v undertake_v to_o oblige_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o draw_v back_o the_o army_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o lie_v encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o be_v not_o spare_v in_o their_o promise_n so_o that_o every_o thing_n be_v agree_v on_o betwixt_o they_o they_o be_v in_o a_o few_o day_n after_o permit_v to_o depart_v under_o a_o guard_n of_o five_o hundred_o horse_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o the_o party_n of_o demetrius_n that_o be_v continual_o abroad_o in_o great_a number_n this_o treaty_n have_v not_o be_v manage_v with_o so_o much_o secrecy_n but_o that_o demetrius_n who_o be_v not_o without_o his_o spy_n within_o the_o city_n have_v get_v scent_n of_o it_o by_o who_o mean_n also_o have_v get_v notice_n of_o the_o day_n of_o their_o departure_n and_o judge_v not_o without_o great_a reason_n how_o disadvantageous_a their_o presence_n at_o the_o polish_v court_n may_v prove_v to_o his_o affair_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n consider_v that_o nothing_o can_v contribute_v more_o at_o this_o time_n towards_o the_o strengthen_v of_o his_o party_n than_o if_o by_o join_v their_o interest_n with_o he_o he_o can_v bring_v they_o over_o to_o his_o side_n and_o engage_v marina_n to_o own_v he_o for_o her_o husband_n he_o send_v out_o zlarowski_n with_o fifteen_o hundred_o horse_n to_o intercept_v their_o passage_n zlarowski_n have_v be_v before_o hand_n inform_v which_o way_n they_o be_v to_o pass_v have_v not_o march_v above_o two_o hour_n before_o he_o meet_v with_o they_o and_o have_v order_v five_o or_o six_o hundred_o of_o his_o horse_n to_o face_v the_o muscovite_n who_o guard_v the_o polish_v lord_n he_o in_o person_n with_o a_o few_o of_o his_o officer_n were_z advancing_z to_o address_v themselves_o to_o marina_n and_o the_o weywode_n her_o father_n but_o the_o zuskian_n horse_n at_o the_o first_o sight_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o they_o see_v much_o strong_a than_o themselves_o look_v for_o their_o safety_n in_o the_o swiftness_n of_o their_o horse_n make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n towards_o musco_n and_o leave_v the_o pole_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o countryman_n zlarowski_n make_v his_o address_n to_o marina_n demetrius_n be_v intercept_v and_o conduct_v to_o demetrius_n complemenâ—ed_v she_o in_o the_o name_n of_o demetrius_n tell_v she_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o invite_v they_o to_o his_o camp_n be_v ambitious_a not_o to_o let_v slip_n so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n of_o deliver_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o enemy_n marina_z and_o the_o weywode_n be_v at_o some_o uncertainty_n what_o to_o answer_v 〈◊〉_d but_o see_v themselves_o in_o no_o capacity_n of_o make_v any_o resistance_n they_o return_v zlarowski_n thanks_o for_o his_o care_n and_o vigilancy_n and_o with_o a_o seem_a gladness_n go_v forward_o to_o the_o polish_v camp_n where_o they_o be_v present_v immediate_o after_o their_o arrival_n to_o demetrius_n those_o of_o a_o more_o refine_a judgement_n look_v upon_o this_o proceed_n of_o demetrius_n as_o a_o gross_a mistake_n in_o point_n of_o policy_n to_o admit_v marâ—â—â—_n and_o the_o polish_v lord_n who_o be_v quite_o unprepared_a for_o a_o interview_n of_o this_o nature_n into_o his_o presence_n for_o marina_n as_o well_o as_o her_o father_n and_o the_o ambassador_n be_v surprise_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o see_v this_o demetrius_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o the_o great_a duke_n slay_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n betray_v their_o dissatisfaction_n sufficient_o both_o in_o their_o countenance_n and_o the_o strangeness_n of_o their_o behaviour_n towards_o he_o which_o have_v be_v observe_v as_o well_o by_o demetrius_n himself_o as_o some_o other_o that_o be_v present_a at_o the_o interview_n he_o think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o send_v they_o to_o another_o quarter_n of_o the_o camp_n with_o order_n not_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o they_o have_v be_v see_v by_o he_o hope_v thus_o to_o hush_v up_o the_o former_a passage_n till_o they_o can_v concert_v new_a measure_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o intrigue_n to_o their_o mutual_a advantage_n but_o a_o error_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o correct_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o interview_n can_v not_o be_v hide_v from_o some_o of_o the_o more_o quick-sighted_a and_o among_o other_o have_v not_o escape_v the_o particular_a observance_n of_o kniasus_n masalski_n a_o kinsman_n both_o to_o the_o rout_v general_n of_o that_o name_n and_o to_o zuski_n himself_o who_o be_v ever_o since_o the_o last_o defeat_v detain_v a_o prisoner_n in_o the_o camp_n he_o have_v watch_v his_o opportunity_n a_o few_o day_n after_o make_v his_o escape_n and_o get_v into_o the_o city_n where_o he_o relate_v to_o zuski_n and_o the_o muscovite_n the_o doubt_n which_o have_v at_o the_o first_o interview_n with_o demetrius_n appear_v in_o marina_n countenance_n and_o carriage_n all_o which_o he_o represent_v with_o so_o much_o dexterity_n and_o in_o term_n so_o lively_a and_o natural_a that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v full_o persuade_v of_o the_o imposture_n unanimous_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v to_o zuski_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o rather_o to_o endure_v any_o thing_n than_o to_o submit_v themselves_o under_o the_o government_n of_o a_o impostor_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o their_o mortal_a enemy_n the_o pole_n zuskis_n see_v the_o people_n thus_o confirm_v in_o his_o inâ—erest_n by_o the_o prejudice_n they_o have_v conceive_v against_o the_o person_n of_o his_o rival_n bethink_v himself_o of_o a_o certain_a states-trick_n by_o which_o he_o hope_v
several_a part_n of_o the_o country_n his_o force_n in_o the_o camp_n be_v consequent_o reduce_v to_o so_o small_a a_o number_n as_o not_o to_o suffice_v to_o check_v the_o strong_a sally_n make_v by_o those_o of_o the_o city_n much_o less_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o be_v supply_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n out_o of_o the_o country_n which_o have_v be_v several_a time_n attempt_v by_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v as_o often_o baffle_v by_o the_o muscovite_n always_o much_o superior_a to_o they_o in_o number_n and_o become_v every_o day_n more_o courageous_a both_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o foreign_a auxiliary_n and_o their_o success_n against_o the_o pole_n who_o general_n rosinski_n in_o one_o of_o the_o sally_n the_o dispute_n be_v very_o hot_a be_v shoot_v in_o his_o side_n with_o a_o arrow_n of_o which_o he_o never_o perfect_o recover_v there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o if_o king_n sigismond_n can_v as_o yet_o have_v be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o transfer_v his_o arm_n from_o smolensko_n to_o musco_n that_o by_o his_o authority_n these_o division_n in_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n may_v have_v be_v soon_o compose_v and_o the_o muscovite_n fright_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o force_n to_o their_o enemy_n to_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o better_a term_n but_o instead_o of_o that_o he_o absolute_o resolve_v not_o to_o quit_v the_o place_n till_o he_o have_v take_v it_o and_o his_o army_n be_v extreme_o weaken_v by_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o siege_n and_o the_o frequent_a sally_n of_o a_o numerous_a garrison_n and_o not_o receive_v sufficient_a recruit_n out_o of_o poland_n or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o opportune_o as_o the_o urgent_a state_n of_o his_o affair_n require_v he_o take_v a_o resolution_n to_o draw_v his_o subject_n out_o of_o the_o service_n of_o demetrius_n to_o come_v to_o his_o aid_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n which_o entire_o ruine_v all_o his_o affair_n in_o muscovy_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a that_o his_o able_a counselor_n represent_v to_o he_o that_o this_o unseasonable_a distract_n and_o weaken_v the_o demetrian_a party_n must_v needs_o turn_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o zuski_n who_o when_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n shall_v be_v deliver_v of_o the_o enemy_n that_o lie_v at_o their_o gate_n will_v thereby_o be_v confirm_v in_o his_o throne_n that_o the_o circumjacent_a province_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n by_o the_o demetrian_a army_n will_v soon_o revolt_v from_o he_o and_o zuski_n thus_o strengthen_v by_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o empire_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o smolensko_n that_o therefore_o he_o ought_v rather_o to_o furnish_v demetrius_n with_o new_a supply_n or_o at_o least_o keep_v fair_a with_o he_o and_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o distract_v his_o force_n till_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o smolensko_n which_o when_o take_v he_o may_v march_v without_o the_o opposition_n to_o musco_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o all_o the_o polish_v force_n and_o the_o place_n in_o their_o possession_n by_o promise_n of_o great_a reward_n will_v without_o reluctancy_n side_n with_o he_o which_o will_v infallible_o oblige_v the_o muscovite_n to_o fall_v off_o from_o zuski_n and_o embrace_v his_o party_n it_o be_v also_o call_v in_o question_n whether_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o quit_v demetrius_n from_o who_o they_o expect_v the_o reward_n of_o all_o their_o toil_n and_o labour_n especial_o since_o the_o exhaust_a treasury_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o at_o present_a in_o a_o condition_n to_o pay_v their_o arrear_n but_o the_o king_n persist_v in_o his_o resolution_n send_v some_o of_o his_o emissary_n into_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n to_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o persuade_v the_o pole_n to_o abandon_v the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n and_o to_o join_v with_o the_o king_n force_n before_o smolensko_n at_o first_o the_o king_n agent_n meet_v with_o little_a encouragement_n from_o the_o pole_n who_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o will_v not_o by_o such_o a_o untimely_a desertion_n defraud_v themselves_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n but_o persevere_v in_o their_o faith_n which_o they_o have_v swear_v to_o demetrius_n and_o send_v some_o deputy_n to_o excuse_v their_o not_o join_v with_o the_o king_n force_n before_o smolensko_n but_o sigismond_n have_v promise_v they_o their_o arrear_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o bring_v over_o rosinski_n their_o general_n zlarowski_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a commander_n to_o his_o side_n a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o soldiery_n promise_v to_o to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o order_n of_o their_o king_n and_o chief_a commander_n and_o the_o rest_n see_v their_o affair_n to_o be_v in_o a_o decline_a condition_n begin_v to_o waver_v demetrius_n not_o a_o little_a terrify_v at_o these_o proceed_n of_o king_n sigismond_n and_o fear_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o these_o few_o troop_n which_o remain_v faithful_a to_o he_o may_v scarce_o be_v sufficient_a to_o rescue_v he_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o he_o believe_v to_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o sacrifice_v he_o to_o their_o avarice_n and_o interest_n he_o resolve_v to_o withdraw_v secret_o out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o retire_v to_o a_o place_n of_o more_o security_n but_o before_o he_o come_v to_o this_o extremity_n he_o think_v convenient_a to_o try_v once_o more_o whether_o by_o fair_a mean_n he_o can_v not_o prevail_v upon_o rosinski_n to_o stand_v steadfast_a to_o his_o interest_n but_o this_o have_v prove_v fruitless_a notwithstanding_o all_o the_o most_o insinuate_a rhetoric_n he_o can_v invent_v there_o pass_v very_o hot_a word_n betwixt_o they_o demetrius_n upbraid_v he_o with_o treachery_n and_o breach_n of_o his_o word_n and_o rosinski_n call_v demetrius_n a_o impostor_n and_o son_n of_o a_o whore_n demetrius_n who_o will_v not_o have_v brook_v these_o word_n at_o another_o time_n be_v fain_o to_o put_v up_o this_o affront_n with_o patience_n see_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o revenge_v they_o himself_z demetrius_z withdraws_z himself_z and_o not_o think_v himself_o any_o long_o secure_v in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o be_v treat_v with_o so_o much_o rudeness_n he_o take_v horse_n immediate_o after_o and_o with_o a_o few_o of_o his_o intimate_a friend_n retire_v secret_o to_o caluga_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o flight_n of_o demetrius_n know_v in_o the_o camp_n but_o all_o the_o muscovite_n boyar_n and_o noble_n that_o have_v espouse_v his_o interest_n follow_v he_o and_o marina_n declare_v that_o have_v not_o only_o wed_v the_o good_a fortune_n of_o her_o husband_n but_o also_o his_o adversity_n she_o will_v follow_v he_o wherever_o he_o go_v the_o polish_v ambassador_n employ_v all_o their_o rhetoric_n to_o persuade_v she_o to_o return_v into_o poland_n vain_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o her_o separation_n from_o demetrius_n will_v be_v no_o small_a advancement_n to_o king_n sigismund_n affair_n but_o she_o remain_v unshaken_a in_o her_o resolution_n neither_o can_v she_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o submit_v herself_o to_o the_o king_n clemency_n the_o reiterated_a persuasion_n and_o prayer_n of_o her_o father_n and_o some_o other_o of_o her_o most_o intimate_a friend_n have_v no_o further_a influence_n over_o her_o constancy_n and_o haughty_a spirit_n than_o to_o comply_v thus_o far_o with_o their_o desire_n as_o to_o write_v a_o letter_n to_o king_n sigismond_n wherein_o she_o tell_v he_o that_o though_o she_o be_v abandon_v at_o this_o time_n by_o most_o of_o her_o friend_n yet_o that_o as_o she_o have_v long_o ago_o be_v use_v to_o the_o sad_a viâ—â—â—situdeâ—_n of_o fortune_n so_o she_o live_v still_o in_o â—opes_n that_o the_o same_o god_n who_o have_v so_o often_o show_v his_o mercy_n in_o deliver_v she_o from_o most_o imminent_a danger_n and_o to_o who_o she_o entire_o recommend_v herself_o and_o her_o cause_n will_v know_v his_o time_n when_o to_o put_v a_o happy_a end_n to_o her_o sorrow_n and_o misery_n she_o add_v that_o for_o the_o present_a be_v deprive_v of_o all_o her_o just_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o muscovian_a throne_n she_o relinquish_v all_o to_o his_o majesty_n disposal_n and_o be_v well_o satisfy_v in_o his_o equity_n and_o generosity_n she_o congratulate_v his_o arrival_n in_o muscovy_n wish_v he_o all_o the_o success_n imaginable_a atl_n last_o she_o recommend_v herself_o and_o her_o family_n to_o his_o royal_a protection_n promise_v herself_o no_o less_o from_o his_o generosity_n than_o under_o what_o circumstance_n soever_o to_o be_v treat_v by_o he_o according_a to_o her_o dignity_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n demetrius_z his_o letter_n arrive_v in_o the_o camp_n camp_n mutiny_n in_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n which_o be_v read_v public_o all_o be_v in_o a_o alarm_n and_o
very_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o noble_n for_o have_v mount_v the_o throne_n by_o blood_n and_o fraudulent_a mean_n he_o begin_v to_o be_v jealous_a of_o his_o most_o trusty_a friend_n and_z to_o gratify_v his_o fear_n exercise_v his_o cruelty_n upon_o several_a person_n of_o a_o eminent_a rank_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n than_o his_o have_v secret_a intelligence_n of_o their_o unfaithfulness_n as_o his_o reign_n be_v one_o continue_v series_n of_o trouble_n so_o when_o he_o be_v at_o a_o plunge_v he_o use_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o sorcerer_n and_o witchcraft_n and_o be_v infatuate_v by_o their_o persuasion_n he_o commit_v such_o barbarity_n as_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v name_v without_o horror_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n he_o cause_v the_o womb_n of_o big-bellied_a woman_n to_o be_v rip_v open_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o immature_n fruit_n to_o accomplish_v his_o enchantment_n which_o he_o be_v vain_o persuade_v will_v be_v more_o efficacious_a against_o the_o pole_n than_o his_o sword_n some_o of_o his_o wizzard_n have_v foretell_v he_o that_o one_o who_o name_n be_v michael_n shall_v succeed_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n he_o cause_v three_o of_o his_o most_o faithful_a friend_n and_o servant_n to_o be_v make_v away_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o they_o bear_v that_o name_n which_o for_o all_o his_o barbarous_a precaution_n be_v verify_v in_o the_o person_n of_o mich._n federowitz_n the_o present_a czar_n grandfather_n there_o be_v in_o the_o great_a church_n within_o the_o castle_n among_o other_o thing_n of_o great_a value_n thirteen_o statue_n represent_v our_o saviour_n and_o the_o twelve_o apostle_n all_o of_o massy_a gold_n each_o of_o they_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n value_v at_o near_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a zuski_n be_v at_o last_o reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n for_o want_n of_o money_n and_o have_v in_o vain_a try_v all_o the_o skill_n of_o his_o sorcerer_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o supply_v his_o present_a occasion_n he_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o twelve_o apostle_n who_o he_o displace_v from_o their_o station_n in_o the_o church_n and_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v melt_v down_o make_v use_v of_o the_o metal_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o soldier_n he_o have_v so_o much_o grace_n as_o to_o spare_v the_o statue_n of_o our_o saviour_n which_o the_o pole_n not_o long_o after_o convert_v to_o the_o same_o use_n all_o these_o enormity_n be_v now_o by_o the_o noble_n who_o have_v conspire_v his_o ruin_n improve_v to_o his_o disadvantage_n the_o populace_n who_o darling_n he_o be_v before_o prompt_v more_o by_o their_o zeal_n for_o their_o golden_a statue_n than_o the_o love_n and_o welfare_n of_o their_o country_n depose_v zuski_n depose_v soon_o shake_v hand_n with_o the_o nobility_n and_o see_v demetrius_n to_o meditate_v a_o second_o time_n the_o siege_n of_o their_o capital_a city_n they_o with_o the_o same_o unanimous_a consent_n wherewith_o they_o have_v raise_v he_o before_o to_o the_o throne_n pull_v he_o down_o again_o and_o thrust_v he_o with_o his_o two_o brother_n into_o a_o cloister_n this_o do_v they_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o zolkievitzski_n the_o polish_v general_n who_o command_v that_o body_n which_o be_v approach_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n unto_o who_o they_o promise_v to_o choose_v vladislaus_n the_o prince_n of_o poland_n for_o their_o great_a duke_n provide_v he_o will_v defend_v they_o against_o demetrius_n zolkievitzki_n musco_n the_o pole_n admit_v in_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n glad_o accept_v of_o their_o proposition_n detatch_v immediate_o a_o good_a body_n of_o his_o best_a troop_n who_o be_v ready_o admit_v into_o the_o city_n he_o follow_v in_o few_o day_n after_o with_o the_o whole_a army_n pitch_v his_o tent_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o city_n as_o demetrius_n be_v encamp_v on_o the_o western_a part_n some_o time_n be_v spend_v in_o consultation_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n the_o first_o open_v their_o gate_n to_o the_o last_o so_o that_o zolkievitzki_n march_v with_o his_o whole_a army_n through_o the_o city_n fix_v his_o camp_n near_o to_o that_o of_o demetrius_n who_o though_o not_o a_o little_a surprise_v at_o this_o sudden_a and_o near_o approach_v of_o the_o pole_n yet_o be_v force_v to_o put_v the_o best_a countenance_n he_o can_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o to_o smother_v his_o present_a resentment_n there_o be_v thus_o a_o communication_n and_o seem_v friendly_a correspondence_n maintain_v betwixt_o both_o camp_n zulkievitzki_n find_v it_o not_o very_o difficult_a task_n to_o debauch_v that_o body_n of_o polish_v horse_n command_v by_o spiaha_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v steadfast_a in_o the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n these_o have_v receive_v the_o public_a faith_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o poland_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o their_o arrear_n unanimous_o revolt_v and_o declare_v for_o king_n sigismond_n zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o kasinowski_n prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o serve_v in_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n both_o intimate_a friend_n of_o demetrius_n see_v themselves_o thus_o deprive_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o polish_v horse_n the_o main_a strength_n of_o their_o army_n and_o that_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o great_a body_n of_o pole_n both_o within_o and_o without_o its_o wall_n begin_v now_o to_o despair_v of_o the_o fortune_n of_o demetrius_n and_o think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o involve_v themselves_o in_o his_o ruin_n they_o resolve_v to_o embrace_v the_o party_n of_o the_o conquer_a pole_n expect_v to_o reap_v from_o the_o success_n of_o sigismond_n the_o fruit_n of_o their_o past_a labour_n whilst_o these_o be_v prepare_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o king_n before_o smolensko_n musco_n demetrius_z retreats_z from_z before_o musco_n demetrius_n forsake_v not_o only_o by_o the_o pole_n but_o also_o by_o they_o he_o most_o confide_v in_o and_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o affair_n expose_v to_o dispair_n seek_v once_o more_o for_o refuge_n at_o calâ—ga_n which_o have_v serve_v he_o as_o a_o shelter_n before_o now_o receive_v he_o again_o with_o open_a arms._n the_o muscovite_n be_v thus_o free_v from_o demetrius_n will_v fain_o have_v recall_v their_o former_a promise_n of_o elect_v vladislaus_n their_o great_a duke_n allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o proceed_v to_o his_o election_n till_o he_o be_v present_a in_o person_n to_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o oath_n the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o ancient_a custom_n but_o zolkievitzki_n have_v declare_v in_o the_o name_n of_o king_n sigismond_n that_o he_o will_v not_o quit_v the_o city_n with_o his_o army_n till_o he_o see_v prince_n vladislaus_n seat_v upon_o the_o throne_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o exhort_v they_o to_o fulfil_v their_o solemn_a promise_n without_o any_o further_a tergeversation_n unless_o they_o will_v expose_v their_o capital_a city_n to_o inevitable_a destruction_n and_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o swear_v to_o such_o article_n in_o the_o great_a duke_n name_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v betwixt_o they_o they_o judge_v it_o most_o adviseable_a not_o to_o exasperate_v the_o pole_n who_o at_o present_a have_v two_o potent_a army_n one_o in_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o other_o in_o the_o empire_n before_o smolensko_n these_o consideration_n at_o last_o prevail_v over_o the_o aversion_n they_o have_v against_o the_o pole_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o childhood_n of_o vladislaus_n can_v not_o but_o furnish_v they_o in_o a_o little_a time_n with_o a_o opportunity_n of_o rid_v their_o hand_n of_o he_o as_o they_o have_v do_v of_o both_o the_o demetrius_n they_o proceed_v with_o all_o the_o usual_a solemnity_n to_o the_o election_n the_o chief_a condition_n be_v that_o a_o general_a amnesty_n and_o act_n of_o oblivion_n shall_v be_v pass_v and_o all_o their_o ancient_a custom_n and_o privilege_n confirm_v and_o establish_v that_o the_o new_a great_a duke_n vladislaus_n shall_v with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n come_v in_o person_n into_o russia_n that_o he_o shall_v conserve_v their_o religion_n inviolable_a and_o for_o the_o better_a settlement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n abjure_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n and_o embrace_v the_o greek_a religion_n zolkievitzki_n and_o some_o of_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v confirm_v these_o article_n by_o oath_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o new_a great_a duke_n he_o be_v though_o absent_a proclaim_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o fealty_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o all_o the_o boyar_n duke_n uladislaus_n proclaim_v great_a duke_n noble_n and_z chief_z officer_n there_o present_a as_o great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n of_o russia_n with_o great_a demonstration_n of_o joy_n
of_o smolensko_n which_o when_o take_v he_o suppose_v he_o may_v appear_v among_o they_o as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o prescribe_v such_o law_n to_o the_o deceitful_a muscovite_n as_o shall_v be_v most_o consistent_a both_o with_o his_o honour_n and_o safety_n this_o be_v the_o resolution_n of_o sigismond_n but_o his_o able_a counsellor_n be_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a opinion_n for_o though_o they_o be_v no_o less_o satisfy_v in_o the_o deceitful_a intention_n of_o the_o muscovite_n than_o the_o king_n himself_o yet_o do_v they_o not_o judge_v it_o advisable_v to_o drive_v matter_n to_o extremity_n and_o to_o commit_v that_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o sword_n which_o may_v be_v obtain_v without_o opposition_n they_o represent_v to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o conquest_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o empire_n can_v not_o be_v obtain_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o much_o blood_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a treasure_n whereas_o if_o what_o have_v be_v swear_v to_o by_o zolkievitzki_n by_o the_o king_n order_n be_v confirm_v he_o may_v in_o one_o day_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o muscovy_n they_o advise_v he_o therefore_o not_o to_o give_v the_o opportunity_n to_o a_o unstable_a people_n to_o take_v new_a measure_n who_o perhaps_o when_o drive_v to_o despair_n may_v side_n with_o demetrius_n which_o will_v take_v away_o all_o his_o pretence_n of_o invade_v that_o empire_n since_o he_o have_v undertake_v his_o expedition_n under_o the_o pretext_n of_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n but_o to_o send_v prince_n vladislaus_n assist_v by_o a_o good_a body_n of_o troop_n and_o some_o able_a counsellor_n to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o crown_v great_a duke_n russia_n may_v with_o their_o assistance_n easy_o elude_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o muscovite_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n smolensko_fw-mi will_v fall_v on_o course_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o his_o army_n beside_o this_o may_v be_v pay_v all_o their_o arrear_n out_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n treasure_n as_o belong_v to_o vladislaus_n their_o prince_n who_o else_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v will_v be_v a_o intolerable_a burden_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o article_n they_o may_v without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v either_o quite_o evade_v or_o at_o least_o delay_v till_o the_o prince_n strengthen_v with_o fresh_a supply_n out_o of_o poland_n shall_v find_v himself_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o rule_v this_o false_a and_o stubborn_a people_n by_o such_o law_n as_o he_o shall_v judge_v most_o convenient_a and_o suitable_a to_o his_o own_o interest_n but_o these_o wholesome_a counsel_n have_v no_o great_a influence_n over_o the_o king_n who_o be_v prepossess_v with_o a_o vain_a punctilio_n of_o honour_n not_o to_o rise_v from_o before_o smolensko_n before_o it_o be_v take_v and_o with_o the_o pernicious_a insinuation_n of_o his_o flatterer_n who_o persuade_v he_o that_o the_o place_n be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o against_o he_o he_o resolve_v to_o leave_v nothing_o unattempted_a which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o rendition_n or_o force_v of_o that_o important_a city_n for_o which_o reason_n he_o cause_v a_o new_a battery_n to_o be_v raise_v from_o whence_o and_o some_o other_o the_o pole_n fire_v so_o furious_o upon_o the_o town_n that_o after_o some_o time_n they_o lay_v flat_a a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o ruin_v two_o bastion_n storm_v smolensko_n storm_v upon_o which_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o assault_v the_o place_n which_o be_v execute_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n but_o those_o within_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o the_o garrison_n have_v have_v sufficient_a time_n to_o raise_v strong_a retrenchment_n fortify_v with_o palisadoe_n and_o a_o good_a ditch_n behind_o the_o breach_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o able_a to_o lodge_v themselves_o in_o the_o breach_n notwithstanding_o their_o reiterated_a attack_n make_v with_o the_o great_a bravery_n imaginable_a be_v repulse_v with_o great_a slaughter_n after_o this_o ill_a success_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o muscovite_n who_o hitherto_o have_v but_o murmur_v and_o whisper_v their_o complaint_n begin_v to_o explain_v public_o against_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n the_o detain_v their_o ambassador_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o outrage_n and_o insolence_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v get_v into_o the_o entire_a possession_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o principal_a port_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n commit_v violence_n upon_o the_o citizen_n their_o wife_n and_o saint_n at_o the_o last_o of_o which_o they_o shoot_v with_o their_o pistol_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n intolerable_a to_o people_n infatuate_v with_o superstition_n and_o zeal_n for_o their_o image_n will_v certain_o have_v produce_v violent_a commotion_n among_o they_o at_o that_o time_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o pole_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o their_o own_o city_n and_o which_o be_v the_o most_o prevail_a that_o they_o see_v demetrius_n increase_v again_o in_o strength_n at_o caluga_n for_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o kazinowski_n prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o as_o we_o say_v before_o have_v leave_v he_o at_o his_o second_o retreat_n from_o before_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n find_v their_o reception_n to_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o reward_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o from_o king_n sigismond_n and_o see_v themselves_o despise_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v since_o return_v to_o the_o service_n of_o demetrius_n who_o countenance_v by_o their_o return_n begin_v to_o look_v up_o again_o and_o have_v draw_v new_a supply_n out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o appear_v formidable_a at_o caluga_n and_o will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v once_o more_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v prevent_v by_o his_o sudden_a and_o untimely_a death_n which_o happen_v thus_o kazinowski_n the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o be_v late_o return_v to_o his_o service_n have_v give_v he_o great_a occasion_n of_o suspect_v his_o fidelity_n wherefore_o dâ—metrius_n to_o prevent_v the_o design_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v form_v against_o his_o life_n by_o the_o say_a tartarian_a prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la and_o drown_v there_o the_o tartar_n but_o especial_o his_o guard_n enrage_v at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o prince_n resolve_v to_o revenge_v it_o upon_o demetrius_n with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n which_o be_v not_o long_o before_o they_o meet_v with_o it_o according_a to_o their_o intend_a design_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o dâ—trius_n ever_o since_o his_o last_o retreat_n from_o before_o musco_n be_v grow_v excessive_a melancholy_n which_o he_o be_v use_v to_o divert_v frequent_o with_o drink_v endeavour_v to_o drown_v his_o care_n in_o liquor_n have_v be_v one_o day_n a_o hunt_v he_o retire_v towards_o night_n with_o some_o of_o his_o most_o intimate_a friend_n to_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o his_o customary_a comfort_n the_o bottle_n without_o any_o guard_n about_o he_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v form_v the_o design_n against_o his_o life_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o it_o secret_o get_v near_o to_o his_o quarter_n and_o find_v he_o and_o his_o friend_n involve_v in_o liquor_n and_o a_o most_o profound_a security_n slay_v dâ—mâ—triâ—â—_n slay_v break_v in_o upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o and_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n who_o endeavour_v to_o stop_v their_o entrance_n upon_o the_o place_n this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o this_o second_o demetrius_n who_o from_o a_o mean_a and_o sordid_a fortune_n be_v raise_v to_o so_o eminent_a a_o station_n as_o to_o have_v bid_v fair_a for_o the_o russian_a empire_n till_o he_o meet_v with_o his_o deserve_a death_n among_o his_o own_o servant_n and_o friend_n he_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o hand_n to_o have_v be_v a_o impostor_n some_o affirm_v his_o first_o origin_n to_o have_v be_v a_o schoolmaster_n other_o suppose_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o jew_n because_o in_o his_o closet_n be_v find_v several_a hebrew_n and_o talmudical_a book_n which_o be_v material_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o russian_a schoolmaster_n who_o learning_n rare_o exceed_v read_v and_o write_v but_o whoever_o he_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o be_v a_o impostor_n and_o slay_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o do_v not_o long_o escape_v vengeance_n for_o marina_n have_v no_o soon_o receive_v this_o dismal_a news_n which_o at_o one_o stroke_v rob_v she_o of_o all_o her_o great_a expectation_n but_o be_v seize_v with_o the_o most_o violent_a apprehension_n in_o the_o world_n and_o transport_v with_o grief_n and_o rage_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o her_o quality_n and_o sex_n
not_o advisable_v to_o be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n he_o dissemble_v his_o notice_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o fortify_v the_o two_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n call_v catangorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n and_o czargorod_n or_o the_o city-royal_a which_o be_v surround_v with_o good_a stonewall_n and_o contain_v the_o castle_n with_o the_o royal_a palace_n all_o the_o magazine_n and_o great_a house_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o merchant_n he_o propose_v to_o himself_o as_o a_o safe_a retreat_n upon_o all_o occasion_n the_o polish_v general_n gaziouski_n have_v scarce_o finish_v his_o work_n before_o the_o russian_n find_v by_o the_o precaution_n use_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o their_o design_n have_v take_v vent_n resolve_v to_o put_v it_o in_o execution_n trust_v more_o in_o their_o number_n than_o their_o conduct_n and_o have_v on_o the_o three_o day_n after_o palm-sunday_n draw_v together_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o people_n by_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o bell_n they_o attack_v the_o pole_n with_o a_o fury_n past_o all_o belief_n as_o man_n resolve_v either_o to_o accomplish_v their_o design_n or_o to_o die_v in_o the_o attempt_n the_o pole_n musco_n the_o pole_n attack_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v surround_v and_o attack_v on_o all_o side_n animate_v by_o despair_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o well_o regulate_v discipline_n against_o a_o confuse_a multitude_n repulse_v their_o enemy_n with_o great_a vigour_n who_o though_o most_o obstinate_a and_o furious_a in_o their_o reiterated_a assault_n be_v nevertheless_o at_o last_o force_v to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o bravery_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o make_v they_o retreat_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o near_o ten_o thousand_o man_n on_o their_o side_n no_o soon_o have_v the_o pole_n remove_v they_o from_o their_o work_n but_o they_o sally_v out_o with_o some_o thousand_o man_n and_o have_v prosecute_v their_o victory_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o their_o quarter_n they_o see_v all_o the_o circumjacent_a part_n of_o the_o city_n on_o fire_n which_o destroy_v not_o only_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o house_n but_o also_o of_o woman_n child_n and_o other_o helpless_a person_n the_o next_o day_n the_o polish_v general_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o musco_n be_v retire_v to_o the_o suburb_n call_v strelitza_n slavoda_n which_o lie_v south_n of_o cataygorod_n or_o the_o mid-city_n on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o river_n moska_n where_o they_o be_v dispute_v the_o passage_n to_o strusius_n who_o with_o a_o good_a body_n be_v come_v from_o malsaisko_n upon_o the_o first_o news_n of_o the_o tumult_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o his_o countryman_n he_o make_v a_o strong_a sally_n and_o have_v cause_v the_o say_v suburb_n to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n in_o several_a part_n pole_n the_o city_n of_o musco_n burn_v by_o the_o pole_n he_o burn_v it_o quite_o to_o the_o ground_n thereby_o facilitate_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n and_o secure_n to_o himself_o a_o free_a communication_n which_o stand_v he_o in_o great_a stead_n afterward_o upon_o several_a occasion_n it_o be_v compute_v that_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o house_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o that_o rage_a element_n and_o that_o by_o the_o fire_n and_o sword_n there_o fall_v near_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o all_o sort_n beside_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n of_o stores_n and_o merchandice_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n see_v their_o city_n thus_o lay_v in_o ash_n and_o themselves_o sufficient_o tame_v by_o the_o sword_n implore_v the_o mercy_n of_o the_o conquer_a pole_n reject_v as_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o such_o case_n the_o fault_n upon_o a_o few_o of_o their_o ringleader_n who_o have_v pay_v for_o it_o with_o their_o life_n the_o pole_n know_v themselves_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o do_v any_o further_a mischief_n and_o be_v glad_a to_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o ask_v quarter_n grant_v it_o without_o difficulty_n but_o as_o it_o be_v owe_v to_o the_o utmost_a necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n so_o this_o truce_n so_o earnest_o sue_v for_o by_o the_o muscovite_n last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o musco_n have_v invite_v lepanovit_n prosowecki_n zarucki_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o army_n we_o mention_v before_o to_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n they_o advance_v with_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n towards_o the_o city_n upon_o who_o approach_n have_v join_v with_o their_o force_n they_o force_v the_o pole_n into_o their_o work_n where_o they_o be_v so_o close_o besiege_v that_o they_o have_v but_o one_o passage_n leave_v open_a for_o their_o communication_n with_o the_o country_n which_o be_v that_o part_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n moska_n where_o not_o long_o before_o have_v stand_v the_o suburb_n call_v strelitza_n slavoda_n and_o which_o they_o keep_v open_v a_o long_a time_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o provision_n and_o other_o supply_n and_o make_v frequent_a sally_n with_o great_a success_n on_o their_o side_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o ill_a conduct_n of_o king_n sigismond_n they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v that_o post_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o whole_a city_n to_o the_o irreparable_a detriment_n of_o the_o say_v king_n for_o whilst_o the_o brave_a pole_n be_v hardly_o press_v upon_o by_o their_o enemy_n he_o lay_v immovable_a at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n where_o his_o affair_n begin_v to_o look_v with_o a_o very_a ill_a face_n for_o the_o soldier_n tire_v with_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o siege_n grow_v very_o uneasy_a for_o want_v of_o pay_n and_o their_o clamour_n be_v now_o rise_v to_o that_o height_n that_o the_o king_n begin_v to_o dread_v every_o day_n a_o mutiny_n have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o satisfy_v their_o just_a demand_n nor_o any_o other_o mean_v now_o leave_v to_o raise_v money_n unless_o by_o call_v together_o a_o diet_n which_o at_o last_o be_v resolve_v on_o and_o a_o convention_n of_o the_o estate_n appoint_v against_o the_o september_n next_o follow_v this_o remedy_n though_o somewhat_o slow_a to_o satisfy_v the_o greedy_a appetite_n of_o the_o soldier_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o hope_n oâ—_n a_o happy_a success_n of_o that_o assembly_n thereby_o appease_v for_o that_o time_n the_o king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n consider_v with_o himself_o that_o the_o measure_n he_o have_v take_v in_o muscovy_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o his_o council_n have_v prove_v abortive_a will_v not_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o convention_n he_o resolve_v to_o make_v another_o attempt_n for_o the_o gain_v of_o smolensko_n not_o question_v but_o that_o if_o he_o can_v appear_v at_o the_o next_o diet_n as_o a_o conqueror_n it_o will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n take_v off_o the_o blemish_n of_o his_o former_a conduct_n in_o the_o muscovian_a war._n a_o general_a assault_n be_v therefore_o resolve_v on_o to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o 13_o day_n of_o june_n the_o soldier_n encourage_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o booty_n of_o so_o vast_a and_o rich_a a_o city_n show_v a_o great_a eagerness_n to_o attack_v the_o place_n the_o assault_n be_v make_v on_o the_o east_n side_n by_o the_o palatine_a of_o braclow_n and_o on_o the_o west_n where_o then_o be_v the_o king_n quarter_n storm_v smolensko_fw-mi storm_v by_o general_n wyer_n who_o command_v the_o german_n the_o soldier_n have_v find_v mean_n before_o break_v of_o day_n to_o raise_v ladder_n in_o several_a place_n upon_o the_o wall_n unperceived_a by_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o at_o the_o signal_n give_v the_o german_n first_o mount_v and_o get_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n as_o do_v also_o not_o long_o after_o the_o pole_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a without_o much_o opposition_n from_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v thus_o attack_v upon_o a_o sudden_a when_o they_o least_o expect_v it_o those_o force_n that_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o stop_v the_o furious_a assault_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o the_o descent_n from_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o city_n be_v very_o steep_a and_o the_o whole_a garrison_n have_v by_o this_o time_n take_v the_o alarm_n come_v flock_v in_o great_a number_n to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o wall_n the_o combat_n grow_v very_o hot_a the_o pole_n push_v forward_o with_o great_a bravery_n to_o maintain_v the_o advantage_n they_o have_v get_v and_o the_o garrison_n arm_v with_o despair_n fight_v like_o man_n either_o resolve_v to_o vanquish_v or_o die_v so_o that_o the_o dispute_v remain_v very_o doubtful_a and_o perhaps_o will_v have_v end_v to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o pole_n if_o
see_v the_o flame_n lose_v its_o force_n the_o stranger_n have_v refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o his_o desire_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o ridiculous_a he_o heap_v upon_o they_o a_o thousand_o curse_n till_o some_o muscovite_n upon_o his_o persuasion_n be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o do_v he_o the_o good_a office_n and_o to_o help_v he_o to_o cast_v the_o the_o dead_a carcase_n into_o the_o fire_n which_o in_o a_o instant_n begin_v to_o abate_v and_o in_o two_o hour_n after_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v more_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o who_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o mâ—nk_n and_o come_v from_o all_o part_n to_o the_o quench_n of_o the_o flame_n than_o by_o the_o charm_n of_o the_o superstitious_a friar_n those_o in_o the_o castle-having_a thus_o weathered_a the_o storm_n that_o threaten_v they_o the_o follow_a day_n be_v take_v up_o in_o consultation_n how_o to_o continue_v this_o calm_a among_o the_o people_n and_o by_o which_o mean_v to_o preserve_v morosou_n from_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o patriarch_n have_v send_v for_o those_o among_o the_o priest_n and_o monk_n who_o he_o know_v to_o be_v of_o most_o authority_n among_o the_o populace_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o be_v enjoin_v to_o do_v their_o utmost_a in_o endeavour_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o unquiet_a spirit_n by_o their_o spiritual_a exhortation_n and_o to_o represent_v to_o they_o in_o the_o most_o passionate_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v the_o respect_n and_o obedience_n due_a to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v also_o take_v off_o the_o new_a imposition_n upon_o salt_n and_o promise_v to_o suppress_v all_o monopoly_n late_o set_v up_o by_o his_o minister_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o execute_v trochanistou_n and_o plessou_n the_o first_o by_o the_o boyar_n knez_fw-fr jurgi_n alexiovit_n dolgaruskoi_fw-mi the_o second_o with_o the_o ocolnit_v za_n bogdan_n matthâ—ovits_n chitrou_n both_o person_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o approve_a probity_n he_o treat_v the_o strelit_n with_o strong_a water_n and_o hydromel_n and_o cause_v ilia_n danilovit_n his_o father-in-law_n to_o invite_v the_o chief_a citizen_n of_o the_o several_a profession_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n who_o be_v very_o splendid_o and_o kind_o entertain_v at_o his_o palace_n for_o several_a day_n together_o have_v thus_o prepare_v his_o way_n he_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o a_o procession_n when_o be_v accompany_v with_o the_o same_o nikita_n ivanovit_n romanow_v who_o have_v be_v so_o successful_a before_o in_o appease_v the_o tumult_n and_o now_o rid_v by_o his_o left_a side_n he_o speak_v to_o the_o people_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o have_v be_v extreme_o trouble_v to_o understand_v the_o violence_n and_o injury_n commit_v by_o trochanistou_n and_o plessou_n upon_o his_o good_a subject_n who_o welfare_n be_v very_o dear_a to_o he_o that_o those_o extortion_n execute_v under_o his_o name_n and_o authority_n have_v be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o his_o inclination_n and_o command_n and_o that_o therefore_o have_v let_v they_o suffer_v condign_a punishment_n for_o their_o villainy_n he_o have_v put_v in_o their_o place_n person_n of_o know_a integrity_n and_o ability_n who_o he_o believe_v will_v be_v acceptable_a to_o the_o people_n as_o know_v they_o to_o be_v person_n that_o will_v execute_v justice_n without_o corruption_n or_o partiality_n that_o he_o have_v already_o abolish_v the_o new_a imposition_n upon_o salt_n and_o will_v take_v care_n that_o all_o monopoly_n new_o introduce_v by_o his_o minister_n shall_v be_v suppress_v that_o he_o for_o the_o future_a will_v himself_o keep_v a_o watchful_a eye_n over_o their_o action_n and_o not_o suffer_v their_o privilege_n to_o be_v diminish_v but_o rather_o it_o occasion_n be_v will_v see_v they_o augment_v the_o populace_n be_v overjoy_v at_o this_o inveigle_a speech_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n show_v the_o most_o profound_a respect_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o by_o smite_v their_o forehead_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o give_v he_o 〈◊〉_d the_o imaginable_a thanks_o and_o promise_v of_o their_o future_a fidelity_n so_o that_o the_o czar_n think_v this_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o declare_v his_o sentiment_n concern_v morosou_n he_o reassume_v the_o discourse_n tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v not_o forgetful_a of_o what_o he_o have_v promise_v they_o sometime_o before_o concern_v boris_n ivanovit_n morosou_n and_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v transact_v many_o thing_n which_o he_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a justify_v but_o that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n he_o have_v so_o much_o confidence_n in_o his_o good_a people_n as_o to_z hope_v they_o will_v excuse_v he_o if_o at_o this_o time_n he_o can_v not_o immediate_o resolve_v to_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n that_o this_o be_v his_o first_o request_n he_o live_v in_o hope_n they_o will_v not_o deny_v it_o he_o which_o be_v that_o for_o once_o they_o will_v pardon_v the_o past_a miscarriage_n of_o morosou_n on_o who_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o look_v as_o one_o who_o have_v be_v the_o guardian_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o great_a duchess_n sister_n who_o upon_o this_o double_a account_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o dear_a to_o he_o and_o consequent_o that_o it_o will_v be_v the_o hard_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n for_o he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o death_n that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v answerable_a for_o his_o future_a good_a behaviour_n not_o question_v but_o that_o he_o will_v behave_v himself_o so_o as_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o least_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o he_o and_o that_o if_o they_o will_v declare_v he_o incapable_a by_o their_o unanimous_a vote_n of_o be_v admit_v into_o his_o council_n for_o the_o future_a he_o shall_v be_v dismiss_v the_o great_a duke_n be_v then_o not_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n and_o of_o a_o very_a tender_a constitution_n can_v not_o forbear_v to_o accompany_v his_o last_o word_n with_o some_o tear_n which_o so_o move_v the_o people_n that_o they_o cry_v out_o with_o one_o voice_n long_o live_v our_o great_a duke_n god_n grant_v he_o a_o long_a and_o happy_a reign_n godâ—s_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n will_v be_v do_v the_o czar_n have_v give_v they_o his_o thanks_o and_o extol_v their_o zeal_n and_o affection_n for_o his_o person_n return_v to_o the_o castle_n well_o satisfy_v in_o have_v be_v so_o successful_a to_o reconcile_v his_o brother-in-law_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o his_o imperial_a city_n of_o musco_n some_o day_n after_o the_o great_a duke_n according_a to_o custom_n go_v a_o pilgrimage_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n about_o threescore_o mile_n from_o musco_n when_o morosou_n take_v this_o opportunity_n of_o appear_v again_o the_o first_o time_n in_o public_a as_o he_o go_v through_o the_o city_n he_o be_v uncover_v salute_v the_o people_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o way_n with_o great_a submission_n he_o countenance_v the_o old_a nobility_n for_o some_o time_n and_o ever_o after_o lay_v hold_n on_o all_o occasion_n to_o gratify_v the_o people_n and_o assist_v those_o who_o address_v themselves_o to_o he_o in_o any_o business_n they_o have_v at_o court_n so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n there_o appear_v a_o great_a change_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o government_n of_o muscovy_n and_o morosou_n become_v the_o favourite_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o patron_n to_o all_o stranger_n maintain_v his_o greatness_n till_o his_o old_a age_n when_o he_o die_v much_o lament_v by_o the_o people_n but_o not_o the_o nobility_n and_o as_o much_o belove_v by_o his_o prince_n as_o he_o have_v be_v always_o successful_a in_o his_o counsel_n but_o to_o return_v where_o we_o leave_v off_o notwithstanding_o this_o remarkable_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n there_o happen_v not_o long_o after_o another_o revolt_n which_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v timely_o prevent_v by_o the_o vigilancy_n of_o those_o at_o the_o helm_n may_v have_v prove_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v occasion_v thus_o some_o difference_n be_v arisen_a betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n and_o sweden_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o subject_n of_o both_o kingdom_n leave_v their_o habitation_n in_o their_o respective_a native_a country_n use_v to_o seek_v for_o shelter_n in_o the_o other_o dominion_n to_o avoid_v the_o payment_n of_o their_o debt_n these_o difference_n improve_v by_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n be_v rise_v to_o that_o height_n that_o both_o state_n seem_v to_o be_v threaten_v with_o a_o inevitable_a war_n unless_o prevent_v by_o a_o speedy_a composition_n in_o order_n to_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n alexis_n michaelovit_n scent_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o next_o follow_v after_o the_o insurrection_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n a_o solemn_a embassy_n to_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n
confederate_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v impart_v to_o all_o the_o rest_n after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o alliance_n the_o emperor_n appoint_v a_o minister_n to_o reside_v with_o the_o czar_n and_o to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o field_n to_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o the_o muscovite_n army_n and_o to_o give_v the_o emperor_n from_o time_n to_o time_n a_o account_n of_o their_o progress_n against_o the_o tartar_n the_o noise_n of_o this_o alliance_n and_o the_o great_a preparation_n make_v by_o the_o czar_n against_o the_o next_o ensue_a campaign_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o tartar_n chan_n that_o he_o dispatch_v frequent_a messenger_n to_o constantinople_n to_o solicit_v prompt_a and_o powerful_a succour_n against_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v prepare_v to_o invade_v the_o crim_n tartary_n and_o by_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o precop_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersenesus_fw-la these_o remonstrance_n have_v such_o a_o influence_n over_o the_o ottoman_a port_n that_o they_o promise_v they_o considerable_a assistance_n and_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o grand_a signior_n intend_v to_o go_v in_o person_n against_o the_o muscovite_n and_o though_o the_o last_o prove_v to_o be_v only_o a_o contrivance_n to_o amuse_v the_o enemy_n yet_o the_o turk_n be_v in_o the_o next_o campaign_n deprive_v of_o the_o succour_n they_o general_o use_v to_o receive_v from_o these_o tartar_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n attribute_v their_o last_o defeat_n to_o the_o want_n of_o these_o auxiliary_n who_o by_o their_o number_n use_v to_o stand_v they_o in_o no_o small_a stead_n against_o the_o impeiral_n cavalry_n but_o whilst_o all_o europe_n wait_v in_o expectation_n to_o hear_v of_o the_o advance_v of_o his_o czarish_a majesty_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o very_a formidable_a army_n towards_o the_o crim_n tartar_n they_o be_v agreeable_o surprise_v with_o the_o news_n of_o a_o great_a and_o splendid_a muscovian_a ambassady_n arrive_v in_o prussia_n where_o the_o czar_n be_v in_o person_n but_o incognito_o this_o news_n which_o at_o first_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o but_o little_a probability_n be_v put_v beyond_o question_n after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v with_o so_o much_o solemnity_n by_o his_o electoral_a highness_n of_o brandenburg_n at_o konigsbergh_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o embassy_n be_v francis_n jacolovit_n le_z fort_n who_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o with_o who_o be_v join_v as_o colleague_n mexievit_n holowin_n damnos_n diat_a precophei_n konigsburgh_n the_o muscovite_n ambassador_n entrance_n in_o konigsburgh_n and_o bodanovit_n wornit_v zien_n be_v arrive_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n at_o laut_n about_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o konigsbergh_n with_o a_o train_n of_o betwixt_o three_o and_o four_o hundred_o person_n the_o sieur_n danckelman_n prime_n minister_n of_o state_n and_o mr._n besser_n master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o courtier_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n be_v send_v by_o his_o electoral_a highness_n to_o compliment_v they_o in_o his_o name_n and_o conduct_v they_o into_o the_o city_n where_o in_o the_o afternoon_n they_o make_v their_o public_a entrance_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n forty_o of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n best_o lead_v horse_n with_o very_o rich_a saddle_n and_o other_o accoutrement_n lead_v the_o way_n these_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o single_a officer_n rich_o clad_v attend_v by_o the_o kettle_n drum_n of_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o body_n three_o troop_n of_o who_o follow_v immedite_o after_o all_o clad_v in_o red._n next_o to_o these_o come_v thirty_o coach_n draw_v with_o six_o horse_n each_o in_o which_o be_v the_o principal_a nobility_n of_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n then_o two_o of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n coach_n and_o one_o belong_v to_o the_o margrave_n albert._n after_o these_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o court_n page_n clad_v all_o in_o red_a lace_v all_o over_o very_o rich_o with_o gold_n lace_n ride_v two_o and_o two_o with_o a_o page_n of_o the_o ambassador_n betwixt_o they_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o forty_o more_o coach_n with_o six_o horse_n each_o wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a minister_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o elector_n household_n after_o who_o come_v the_o first_o kettle_n drum_z and_z trumpet_z belong_v to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n follow_v by_o the_o ambassador_n foot_v guard_n clad_v in_o green_n with_o silver_n battle_n axe_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n and_o after_o these_o the_o ambassador_n horse_n guard_n in_o the_o same_o livery_n but_o without_o battle_n axe_n then_o come_v the_o coach_n wherein_o be_v the_o four_o ambassador_n and_o last_o the_o whole_a train_n be_v close_v with_o twelve_o coach_n fill_v with_o muscovite_n and_o brandenburg_n gentleman_n the_o street_n through_o which_o their_o excellency_n pass_v to_o the_o kniphoff_n where_o most_o magnificent_a lodging_n be_v prepare_v for_o they_o be_v line_v with_o the_o burgher_n who_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o double_a file_n they_o be_v receive_v at_o their_o lodging_n by_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o city_n and_o salute_v with_o a_o treble_a discharge_n of_o all_o the_o cannon_n round_o the_o fortification_n and_o be_v thus_o conduct_v to_o their_o apartment_n the_o sieurs_fw-fr danckelman_n and_o besser_n take_v their_o leave_n of_o they_o be_v wait_v on_o by_o the_o ambassador_n to_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o house_n some_o day_n after_o audience_n have_v their_o audience_n be_v the_o 25._o of_o may_n they_o have_v their_o public_a audience_n of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n be_v again_o conduct_v by_o the_o abovementioned_a sieur_n danckelman_n and_o besser_n the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o train_n of_o thirty_o odd_a coach_n before_o the_o ambassador_n coach_n go_v thirty_o person_n carry_v the_o czars_n present_n to_o the_o elector_n consist_v in_o table_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a fur_n beside_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o indian_a and_o persian_a silk_n stuff_n and_o tissue_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n value_v in_o all_o at_o 20000_o l._n sterling_n the_o ambassador_n themselves_o be_v most_o rich_o dress_v their_o habit_n be_v of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n cover_v with_o rich_a embroidery_n and_o abundance_n of_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n they_o pass_v through_o the_o elector_n guard_n which_o be_v place_v on_o both_o side_n up_o to_o the_o great_a hall_n of_o the_o castle_n where_o the_o elector_n attend_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n be_v seat_v under_o a_o canopy_n of_o state_n the_o ambassador_n have_v make_v the_o usual_a reverence_n every_o one_o in_o his_o turn_n complemented_a his_o electoral_a highness_n and_o after_o have_v deliver_v the_o present_n they_o present_v a_o letter_n contain_v in_o substance_n that_o his_o czarish_a majesty_n have_v send_v these_o abovenamed_a person_n as_o his_o ambassador_n to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n to_o give_v he_o all_o the_o possible_a assurance_n of_o his_o desire_n to_o improve_v the_o affection_n and_o good_a correspondence_n which_o always_o have_v be_v between_o they_o and_o their_o illustrious_a ancestor_n that_o this_o embassy_n be_v intend_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o to_o several_a other_o court_n in_o christendom_n in_o order_n to_o concert_v measure_n and_o promote_v the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o confederacy_n against_o the_o infidel_n his_o czarish_a majesty_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o question_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n will_v assist_v they_o in_o so_o glorious_a a_o work_n and_o forward_o they_o in_o their_o journey_n the_o letter_n conclude_v with_o the_o thanks_o from_o the_o great_a duke_n to_o his_o electoral_a highness_n for_o the_o engineer_n and_o bombardier_n which_o he_o have_v send_v sometime_o before_o and_o which_o by_o their_o extraordinary_a skill_n have_v be_v very_o instrumental_a in_o the_o siege_n of_o asoph_n and_o other_o place_n take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o crim_n tartary_n the_o elector_n answer_v that_o he_o acknowledge_v himself_o much_o oblige_v to_o the_o czar_n for_o his_o assurance_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o his_o friendship_n and_o especial_o for_o the_o splendid_a embassy_n he_o have_v send_v to_o he_o but_o the_o sieur_n danckelman_n return_v they_o a_o answer_n more_o at_o large_a and_o in_o the_o elector_n name_v answer_v their_o compliment_n in_o term_n so_o oblige_v that_o the_o ambassador_n be_v extreme_o satisfy_v with_o his_o generous_a and_o genteel_a behaviour_n be_v afterward_o reconduct_v to_o their_o lodging_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o be_v treat_v with_o a_o most_o splendid_a dinner_n by_o his_o electoral_a highness_n and_o be_v the_o same_o evening_n entertain_v with_o variety_n of_o extraordinary_a firework_n which_o last_v to_o their_o no_o small_a satisfaction_n till_o midnight_n whilst_o the_o czar_n of_o moscovy_n
ready_a to_o be_v cut_v towards_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o november_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n they_o sow_v it_o but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n but_o the_o first_o year_n produce_v the_o best_a when_o the_o leaf_n be_v cut_v off_o within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o stalk_n be_v throw_v away_o as_o useless_a and_o the_o leave_v lay_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n which_o do_v they_o be_v put_v a_o put_v a_o soak_v for_o four_o or_o five_o day_n in_o a_o stone_n trough_n the_o water_n with_o the_o leaf_n be_v often_o stir_v till_o such_o time_n that_o the_o water_n have_v sufficient_o extract_v the_o whole_a tincture_n of_o the_o herb._n then_o the_o water_n be_v smooth_o draw_v off_o into_o another_o stone_n trough_n in_o order_n to_o let_v it_o settle_v for_o one_o night_n the_o next_o day_n all_o the_o water_n be_v again_o draw_v off_o to_o the_o settlement_n and_o what_o be_v thus_o leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trough_n be_v strain_v through_o a_o course_n cloth_n and_o so_o set_v a_o dry_n in_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o be_v true_a indigo_n which_o however_o the_o banyan_o frequent_o adulterate_a by_o mix_v with_o it_o a_o certain_a earth_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v judge_v by_o its_o lightness_n they_o have_v cunning_a enough_o to_o add_v to_o it_o some_o oil_n to_o make_v it_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o second_o year_n the_o stalk_v which_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o year_n before_o shoot_v forth_o other_o leaf_n but_o they_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o those_o of_o the_o first_o though_o they_o much_o exceed_v the_o wild_a indigo_n wherefore_o they_o reserve_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o second_o year_n product_v for_o seed_n that_o of_o the_o three_o year_n be_v as_o much_o infersour_n in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o the_o second_o as_o that_o be_v in_o comparison_n of_o that_o of_o the_o first_o and_o be_v therefore_o in_o no_o esteem_n among_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v onmade_v use_n of_o in_o the_o country_n in_o die_v of_o their_o clothes_n after_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o ground_n three_o year_n they_o let_v the_o land_n lie_v fallow_a for_o one_o year_n before_o they_o set_v it_o again_o the_o banyan_o in_o general_n be_v the_o most_o crafty_a trader_n in_o the_o world_n which_o make_v the_o muscovite_n as_o do_v also_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a in_o india_n employ_v those_o reside_v at_o astrachan_n and_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n employ_v they_o for_o their_o factor_n and_o hawkers_o as_o be_v the_o most_o likely_a to_o discover_v the_o cheat_v of_o their_o brethren_n in_o india_n both_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n reside_v at_o astrachan_n be_v very_o industrious_a in_o keep_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n in_o their_o respective_a country_n but_o especial_o in_o all_o the_o seaport_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o it_o render_v the_o commerce_n with_o persia_n and_o consequent_o with_o the_o infidel_n very_o commodious_a to_o the_o muscovite_n among_o other_o the_o great_a city_n gangea_n one_o of_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o persia_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o trade_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o several_a river_n and_o the_o great_a crowd_n of_o stranger_n that_o resort_v thither_o on_o the_o account_n of_o traffic_n be_v frequent_o visit_v by_o the_o muscovian_a factor_n the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n but_o shamachie_n be_v the_o place_n shamachi_n the_o city_n of_o shamachi_n which_o chief_o furnish_v the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n with_o such_o indian_a and_o persian_a commodity_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o city_n be_v indeed_o former_o much_o big_a than_o it_o be_v now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o have_v be_v about_o twenty_o year_n ago_o ruin_v by_o a_o eathquake_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o misfortune_n it_o be_v still_o very_o considerable_a there_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o persian_a empire_n a_o city_n where_o there_o be_v so_o general_a a_o resort_n of_o stranger_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o wit_n of_o armenian_n banyan_o georgian_n greek_n turk_n circasian_o and_o muscovite_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o have_v their_o particular_a caravansera_n or_o public_a storehouse_n where_o they_o truck_v their_o tin_n russia_n leather_n copper_n fur_n and_o other_o merchandise_n for_o the_o precious_a commodity_n of_o india_n and_o persia_n and_o which_o afterward_o be_v convey_v into_o to_o russia_n either_o by_o land_n by_o the_o way_n of_o derbent_n through_o the_o dagesthan_n and_o circasian_n tartar_n over_o the_o great_a desert_n of_o astrachan_n to_o the_o river_n wolga_n or_o else_o be_v ship_v in_o the_o road_n of_o nizora_n the_o most_o safe_a and_o most_o convenient_a for_o ship_n in_o all_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v carry_v up_o the_o wolga_n to_o the_o river_n ocâ—a_n and_o so_o by_o the_o inopea_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o project_n which_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n have_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n of_o 〈◊〉_d a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o great_a river_n the_o wolga_n and_o the_o don_n will_v when_o perfect_v be_v of_o incredible_a advantage_n to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o transâ—â—â—ing_v not_o only_o their_o own_o but_o all_o the_o sarick_a indian_a persian_a and_o chinese_n commodity_n into_o the_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n especial_o if_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n shall_v be_v so_o successful_a against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n as_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o caffa_n former_o so_o famous_a when_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o geneâ—ses_n and_o the_o port_n of_o erzotra_n situate_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n i_o have_v hitherto_o withal_o the_o enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v full_o instruct_v in_o what_o place_n it_o be_v that_o this_o communication_n betwixt_o these_o two_o river_n be_v to_o be_v perfect_v but_o thus_o much_o be_v most_o probale_n that_o it_o must_v either_o be_v effect_v by_o cut_v a_o canal_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n wolga_n communication_n betwixt_o the_o river_n don_n and_o wolga_n near_o the_o city_n of_o zariza_n where_o the_o don_n advance_v within_o seven_o league_n of_o the_o wolga_n for_o else_o by_o render_v the_o small_a river_n of_o kamous_a navigable_a which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o don_n fall_v below_o the_o say_a city_n of_o zaria_n behind_o the_o islle_v of_o zerpinsk_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o chinese_n trade_n in_o muscovy_n trade_n the_o chinese_n trade_n how_o the_o way_n thither_o be_v first_o discover_v and_o improve_v by_o the_o sable_a hunter_n of_o siberia_n and_o how_o by_o the_o river_n of_o obi_n genessay_n lena_n and_o yomour_n and_o by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o sled_n draw_v by_o rain-deer_n during_o the_o winter_n season_n they_o carry_v on_o that_o trade_n have_v be_v circumstantial_o relate_v in_o the_o first_o part_n in_o that_o chapter_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o siberia_n we_o have_v therefore_o only_o thus_o much_o to_o add_v here_o that_o as_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o banyan_o and_o armenian_n 〈◊〉_d muscovite_n maintain_v a_o constant_a correspondence_n with_o the_o indian_n and_o persian_n so_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o they_o call_v kitachi_n they_o keep_v up_o their_o communication_n with_o china_n these_o kitachi_n go_v common_o under_o the_o name_n of_o chineses_n in_o muscovy_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o muscovite_n call_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n betwixt_o the_o river_n oby_n the_o wolga_n and_o china_n which_o 〈◊〉_d proper_o the_o great_a tartary_n by_o the_o name_n of_o kaâ—â—â—_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o muscovite_n as_o we_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n have_v make_v such_o considerable_a discovery_n on_o that_o side_n of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o have_v build_v several_a city_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o colony_n on_o that_o side_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n draw_v abundance_n of_o these_o wander_a people_n to_o these_o 〈◊〉_d where_o after_o once_o they_o become_v fix_v and_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o a_o settle_a life_n they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o russian_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o chinese_n trade_n by_o their_o correspondence_n with_o the_o several_a tartarian_a nation_n inhabit_v that_o spacious_a country_n betwixt_o siberia_n and_o
chinese_n wall_n as_o the_o accession_n of_o these_o foreign_a nation_n have_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n so_o it_o have_v contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n in_o our_o age_n and_o frequent_a inroad_n make_v by_o the_o crim_n tartar_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o great_a many_o part_n in_o a_o manner_n desolate_a this_o be_v most_o conspicuous_a in_o the_o fertile_a plain_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n steca_n down_o to_o the_o wolga_n almost_o as_o far_o as_o cesau_n which_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n dispeople_v but_o now_o be_v stock_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o town_n and_o village_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n itself_o have_v in_o a_o few_o year_n so_o well_o recover_v its_o pass_a disaster_n that_o it_o be_v incomparable_a more_o beautiful_a than_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o and_o be_v reckon_v to_o contain_v at_o present_a no_o less_o than_o betwixt_o six_o and_o seven_o hundred_o thousand_o inhabitant_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o the_o prodigious_a increase_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n must_v chief_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o great_a concoâ—â—â—â—_n of_o the_o various_a trade_n nation_n we_o have_v mentionen_fw-mi so_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_v the_o present_a czar_n father_n who_o find_v his_o territory_n exhaust_v of_o man_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o pole_n carry_v away_o a_o number_n of_o captive_n out_o of_o â—â—â—â—thuania_fw-mi and_o the_o other_o polish_v province_n border_v on_o muscovy_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o plant_v several_a colony_n all_o along_o the_o river_n gecca_n and_o wolga_n who_o have_v be_v encourage_v by_o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o have_v repeople_v that_o country_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o appear_v at_o present_a but_o neighbour_n strength_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o neighbour_n since_o we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v concern_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o muscovite_n by_o the_o increase_n 〈◊〉_d their_o wealth_n and_o trade_n we_o must_v also_o before_o 〈◊〉_d conclude_v say_v something_o of_o their_o present_a condition_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o neighbour_n the_o persian_n pole_n swede_n the_o crim_n tartar_n and_o turk_n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o persian_n persian_n the_o persian_n there_o be_v no_o great_a probability_n that_o these_o two_o neighbour_n shall_v have_v any_o occasion_n to_o try_v their_o mutual_a strength_n since_o they_o be_v so_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o by_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o dagesthan_n and_o carcassian_n tartar_n and_o the_o vast_a desert_n betwixt_o these_o and_o astrachan_n and_o that_o the_o common_a benefit_n they_o receive_v by_o their_o trade_n in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n engage_v they_o equal_o to_o keep_v a_o good_a understanding_n betwixt_o they_o especial_o since_o upon_o occasion_n they_o may_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o one_o another_o against_o the_o turk_n the_o tartar_n border_v the_o north_n east_n upon_o siberia_n tartar_n the_o tartar_n and_o some_o other_o province_n under_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n jurisdiction_n though_o they_o former_o especial_o the_o calmuc_a tartar_n use_v to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o some_o of_o the_o tartarian_a province_n depend_v upon_o the_o russian_a empire_n nevertheless_o since_o the_o muscovite_n have_v guard_v the_o frontier_n on_o that_o side_n with_o good_a fortification_n and_o garrison_n and_o have_v make_v these_o vagabond_n sensible_a of_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o fire_n arm_n they_o be_v not_o so_o forward_o in_o maâ—ing_v their_o eruption_n their_o only_a way_n they_o make_v 〈◊〉_d of_o now_o be_v to_o appear_v sometime_o in_o great_a number_n on_o the_o frontier_n and_o to_o send_v their_o deputy_n into_o muscovy_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o get_v considerable_a present_n from_o the_o czar_n who_o think_v it_o more_o prudence_n to_o purchase_v the_o friendship_n of_o a_o vagabond_n â—â—ople_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o loose_v than_o to_o put_v himself_o to_o the_o expense_n of_o send_v a_o army_n against_o 〈…〉_o lieu_fw-fr of_o which_o they_o assist_v the_o czar_n in_o his_o war_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n in_o further_a their_o passage_n and_o traffic_n into_o china_n but_o the_o turk_n and_o crim_n tartar_n tartar_n the_o turk_n and_o crim_n tartar_n use_v to_o be_v the_o most_o mischievous_a neighbour_n to_o muscovy_n it_o be_v true_a the_o turk_n do_v not_o immediate_o border_v upon_o muscovy_n 〈◊〉_d the_o country_n inhabit_a by_o the_o budziack_n and_o 〈◊〉_d tartar_n who_o though_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n to_o the_o south_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n as_o they_o be_v the_o grand_a signor_n vassal_n so_o he_o make_v use_v of_o they_o like_o his_o hunt_a dog_n to_o overcome_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n to_o the_o very_a gate_n of_o its_o capital_a city_n czar_n michael_n frederovit_n endeavour_v to_o prevent_v their_o incursion_n by_o cause_v the_o wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o in_o some_o place_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o line_n strengthen_v with_o a_o moat_n of_o about_o five_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o they_o do_v not_o rest_n till_o they_o have_v pull_v down_o the_o first_o and_o fill_v up_o the_o last_o and_o by_o their_o frequent_a incursion_n have_v almost_o render_v that_o part_n of_o muscovy_n quite_o desolate_a for_o which_o reason_n the_o muscovite_n be_v always_o oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n on_o the_o frontier_n and_o sometime_o to_o give_v they_o a_o diversion_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o donepsian_a cosack_n and_o the_o nogajan_n tartar_n but_o the_o case_n be_v much_o alter_v as_o to_o this_o particular_a of_o late_a year_n for_o since_o the_o muscovite_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o pole_n at_o oliva_n be_v become_v master_n of_o kiovia_n this_o serve_v they_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n at_o once_o to_o bridle_n the_o insolency_n of_o these_o robber_n and_o for_o a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o turk_n especial_o if_o they_o prevent_v the_o last_o from_o get_v first_o footing_n in_o vkraina_n but_o the_o take_n of_o asoph_n 〈◊〉_d the_o further_a progress_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n 〈◊〉_d the_o crim_n tartar_n give_v a_o fair_a prospect_n to_o the_o muscovite_n not_o only_o of_o secure_v themselves_o for_o the_o â—â—ture_n against_o their_o attempt_n but_o also_o of_o reducâ—â—â—_n they_o under_o their_o obedience_n and_o by_o take_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o precop_n to_o enter_v the_o limit_n of_o their_o empire_n 〈◊〉_d the_o border_n of_o the_o black_a sea_n the_o pole_n be_v certain_o the_o most_o redoubtable_a â—_z the_o muscovite_n have_v pole_n the_o pole_n their_o situation_n 〈◊〉_d such_o as_o to_o encourage_v they_o to_o act_n against_o the_o muscovite_n when_o ever_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a opportunity_n of_o which_o they_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n during_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n 〈…〉_o when_o they_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o have_v make_v it_o a_o province_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o 〈◊〉_d if_o by_o their_o own_o division_n they_o have_v not_o give_v 〈◊〉_d muscovite_n leisure_n to_o recover_v themselves_o but_o 〈◊〉_d they_o seem_v to_o have_v sufficient_o secure_v their_o â—â—â—â—tiers_n against_o the_o insult_n of_o the_o pole_n by_o than_o 〈◊〉_d master_n of_o surleasko_n severia_n and_o kiâ—â—iâ—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o pole_n be_v reckon_v much_o the_o better_a soldâ—â—â—â—_n the_o field_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o 〈◊〉_d yet_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o zaparogian_n cosack_v 〈◊〉_d a_o little_a strengthen_v the_o muscovian_a force_n and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o some_o measure_n be_v look_v as_o a_o sufficient_a balance_n to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o polish_v horse_n 〈◊〉_d since_o the_o muscovite_n now_o be_v capable_a to_o outâ—â—_n the_o pole_n if_o not_o in_o goodness_n at_o least_o in_o the_o number_n oâ—_n their_o horse_n the_o muscovite_n have_v former_o great_a contest_v 〈◊〉_d the_o swede_n swede_n the_o swede_n about_o livonia_n which_o occasion_v several_a bloody_a war_n but_o since_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v remove_v by_o the_o peace_n of_o oliva_n when_o the_o first_o resign_v all_o their_o pretension_n to_o this_o country_n the_o muscovite_n need_v not_o fear_v any_o thing_n from_o that_o side_n where_o it_o border_v on_o sweden_n since_o more_o conquest_n in_o far_o distant_a country_n will_v prove_v more_o hurtful_a than_o profitable_a to_o sweden_n and_o the_o muscovite_n have_v not_o great_a encouragement_n to_o atâ—â—ck_v the_o swede_n on_o that_o side_n where_o they_o have_v for_o 〈◊〉_d most_o part_n succeed_v so_o ill_o in_o their_o attempt_n â—â—sides_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o if_o the_o pole_n â—â—ho's_n interest_n it_o be_v not_o to_o let_v livonia_n fall_v into_o â—â—eirs_n hand_n shall_v join_v with_o the_o swede_n against_o 〈◊〉_d they_o will_v put_v they_o very_o hard_o to_o it_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o muscovite_n army_n appear_v now_o very_o numerous_a in_o the_o field_n yet_o will_v they_o scarce_o be_v able_a â—â—â—graple_v with_o two_o such_o potent_a enemy_n who_o be_v 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o conjunction_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d horse_n with_o the_o well_o dissipline_v infantry_n of_o 〈◊〉_d swede_n will_v perhaps_o prove_v invincible_a to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d but_o to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n whether_o we_o conâ—â—der_v the_o vast_a extent_n fertility_n and_o variety_n of_o proâ—â—cts_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n whether_o its_o strength_n 〈◊〉_d regard_n of_o its_o vast_a revenue_n its_o advantageous_a aestuation_n in_o respect_n of_o of_o its_o neighbour_n be_v â—â—â—ounded_v on_o the_o north_n and_o east_n with_o a_o vast_a sea_n 〈◊〉_d a_o great_a wilderness_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o great_a â—â—mber_n of_o force_n it_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v or_o 〈◊〉_d in_o respect_n of_o the_o vast_a increase_n of_o its_o traffic_n 〈◊〉_d persian_a indian_a chinese_n trade_n especial_o if_o approve_v by_o the_o advantage_n his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n have_v have_v over_o the_o crim_n tartar_n it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d that_o as_o the_o present_a flourish_a condition_n 〈◊〉_d the_o russian_a empire_n render_v it_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a in_o europe_n so_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o government_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a check_n to_o their_o grow_a greatness_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o traffic_n it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a 〈◊〉_d under_o the_o auspicious_a reign_n of_o so_o hopeful_a a_o 〈◊〉_d as_o now_o sway_n be_v the_o sceptre_n it_o may_v conâ—â—â—_n for_o the_o superiority_n with_o the_o great_a and_o powerful_a kingdom_n of_o the_o universe_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o abel_n roper_n at_o the_o black_a boy_n in_o fleetstreet_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n historical_a geographical_a physical_a political_n and_o ecclesiastical_a viz._n it_o be_v origine_fw-la and_o extent_n with_o a_o description_n of_o its_o town_n and_o province_n the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o all_o its_o king_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n the_o election_n power_n and_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n the_o senate_n or_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o diet_n and_o form_n of_o government_n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o gentry_n their_o religion_n learning_n language_n custom_n habit_n manner_n riches_n trade_n and_o military_a affair_n together_o with_o the_o state_n of_o physic_n and_o natural_a knowledge_n as_o also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o courland_n etc._n etc._n by_o b._n connor_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n publish_a by_o the_o care_n and_o assistance_n of_o mr._n savage_n the_o second_o edition_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o remark_n on_o marriage_n by_o mr._n brown_n of_o the_o marriage-ceremony_n or_o the_o ceremony_n use_v in_o marriage_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o signior_n gaya_n translate_v from_o the_o italian_a print_a for_o a._n roper_n and_o a._n boswel_o the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o natural_a religion_n discover_v in_o the_o principal_a branch_n of_o it_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o prevail_a notion_n of_o the_o modern_a sceptic_n and_o latitudinarian_o with_o a_o introduction_n concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o reveal_v religion_n by_o tho._n becconsal_n b._n d._n of_o brasenose_n college_n in_o oxford_n
siberie_n or_o severia_n a_o province_n different_a from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siberia_n in_o tartary_n be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n severia_n severia_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n who_o be_v nevertheless_o tributary_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o lithuania_n of_o which_o this_o dukedom_n have_v a_o dependence_n it_o be_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o smolensko_n the_o precopian_a tartary_n podolia_n and_o lithuania_n south-west_n of_o smolensko_n the_o prince_n of_o siberie_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n under_o casimir_n son_n of_o jagellon_n their_o king_n put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n till_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n eject_v the_o duke_n of_o siberie_n and_o unite_v the_o province_n to_o his_o crown_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n be_v call_v novogorod_n sieberski_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o new_a city_n of_o siberia_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o two_o or_o three_o other_o call_v novogorod_n under_o the_o czar_n obedience_n the_o other_o city_n of_o note_n belong_v to_o this_o province_n be_v czerrigou_n bransko_n starodub_n and_o petivola_n but_o now_o we_o must_v turn_v our_o course_n more_o north-east_n wiatkaâ—_n wiatkaâ—_n where_o the_o province_n of_o wiatka_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o tartar_n ceremiss_n surname_v logovi_n its_o capital_a city_n be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n both_o of_o they_o be_v denominate_v from_o the_o river_n wiatka_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n kama_n the_o next_o province_n border_v upon_o wiatka_n towards_o the_o siberian_a tartar_n be_v permia_n be_v count_v one_o of_o the_o great_a of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v call_v permia_n veliki_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n vishora_n which_o at_o about_o 60_o miles_n distance_n from_o this_o place_n kama_n the_o river_n kama_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n kama_n this_o river_n have_v its_o rise_n in_o this_o province_n and_o about_o 60_o mile_n beyond_o casan_n fall_v into_o the_o river_n volga_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o language_n and_o character_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o they_o eat_v no_o bread_n but_o feed_v upon_o herb_n they_o pay_v their_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n in_o horse_n and_o fur_n their_o next_o neighbour_n to_o the_o north-east_n be_v the_o tartar_n of_o tumen_n border_v upon_o siberia_n inhabit_v the_o province_n of_o candora_n candora_n candora_n its_o chief_a city_n be_v warchaturia_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n tura_fw-la beside_o which_o it_o have_v the_o city_n of_o tumen_n near_o the_o conflux_n of_o the_o two_o river_n tumen_n and_o tura_fw-la further_o to_o the_o north_n be_v the_o province_n petzora_n petzora_n petzora_n which_o extend_v itself_o towards_o the_o north-east_n all_o along_o the_o freeze_a sea_n the_o river_n of_o petzora_n which_o have_v give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o province_n fall_v by_o six_o several_a channel_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o a_o little_a city_n call_v pustiziero_n on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o be_v the_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o riphean_a mountain_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v ripheans_n or_o hyberboreans_n and_o by_o the_o muscovite_n be_v call_v zimnopoja_v that_o be_v the_o girdle_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o afford_v the_o best_a sable_n and_o hawk_n in_o all_o muscovy_n but_o the_o cold_a be_v so_o violent_a and_o durable_a in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o above_o nine_o month_n in_o the_o year_n the_o province_n of_o obdorie_n obdorie_n obdorie_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o have_v its_o source_n from_o the_o great_a lake_n cataisko_n and_o run_v from_o east_n to_o north_n oby_n the_o river_n oby_n fall_v into_o the_o freeze_a sea_n both_o these_o province_n border_n upon_o the_o samojede_n of_o who_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o among_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o russia_n juhora_fw-it juhora_fw-it be_v also_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o juhora_n famous_a for_o nothing_o but_o that_o the_o hungarian_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o offspring_n out_o of_o this_o country_n the_o province_n of_o wachines_n wachines_n wachines_n only_a note_v for_o its_o two_o fortress_n call_v cameni_n and_o pensolog_n the_o principality_n of_o bielski_n bielski_n bielski_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o capital_a city_n biela_n the_o duchy_n of_o kraina_n have_v the_o two_o city_n kraina_n kraina_n jalatz_n and_o brasowa_n the_o province_n of_o pole_n pole_n pole_n the_o city_n of_o bretock_n and_o bogenaer_n not_o to_o mention_v here_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiow_n kiow_n kiow_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o podolia_n and_o lithuania_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o it_o be_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o great_a river_n volga_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o kingdom_n of_o caesar_n and_o astrachan_n with_o some_o other_o tartarian_a province_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n volga_n the_o river_n volga_n be_v situate_v near_o the_o famous_a river_n volga_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o join_v the_o description_n of_o those_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o say_a river_n there_o be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o roshovie_n of_o which_o mention_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o 2_o chapter_n ten_o mile_n from_o its_o capital_a city_n bear_v the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o wolkowskiles_n a_o lake_n call_v vronow_v or_o fronowo_o out_o of_o which_o rise_v a_o river_n that_o ten_o mile_n from_o that_o place_n fall_v into_o another_o lake_n call_v volga_n which_o give_v it_o its_o name_n it_o be_v thence_o forward_o call_v volga_n or_o wolga_n it_o be_v doubtless_o the_o same_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v rha_n and_o the_o tartar_n edel_n the_o great_a river_n in_o europe_n be_v from_o its_o source_n to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n into_o which_o it_o exonerate_v itself_o above_o 2900_o mile_n long_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o river_n from_o its_o source_n to_o the_o city_n of_o nise_n novogorod_n run_v for_o above_o 400_o mile_n through_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o muscovy_n carry_v but_o a_o indifferent_a stream_n and_o touch_v upon_o few_o place_n of_o note_n till_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la near_o the_o abovementioned_a place_n it_o be_v four_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o geometrical_a foot_n wide_a at_o the_o meeting_n of_o these_o two_o river_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n describe_v that_o city_n and_o basiligorod_n belong_v to_o the_o ceremiss_n both_o border_a upon_o that_o river_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v a_o accoâ—â—â—_n in_o this_o chapter_n of_o the_o tartarian_a province_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n we_o will_v follow_v the_o tract_n of_o this_o great_a river_n as_o far_o as_o â—o_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o begin_v with_o the_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n of_o basiligorod_n casan_n the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n be_v the_o city_n of_o kusmademianski_n situate_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n the_o whole_a country_n thereabouts_o be_v like_o one_o continue_a forest_n of_o elm_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a compass_n forty_o mile_n further_o down_o the_o river_n and_o on_o the_o same_o shoar_n be_v the_o city_n of_o sabakzar_n the_o most_o pleasant_a for_o its_o situation_n in_o those_o part_n and_o 25_o mile_n low_a after_o you_o have_v pass_v two_o or_o three_o small_a island_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o volga_n a_o little_a city_n call_v kockshage_n on_o the_o same_o side_n some_o mile_n low_a be_v the_o city_n of_o suiatski_n build_v on_o the_o aâ—cent_a of_o a_o hill_n the_o castle_n and_o some_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n and_o fortification_n of_o wood._n it_o 〈◊〉_d 20_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o city_n of_o casan_n the_o shoar_n all_o along_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n be_v cover_v with_o chalky_a and_o sandy_a mountain_n the_o city_n of_o casan_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o fruitful_a plain_n casan_n the_o city_n of_o casan_n in_o 55_o degree_n 38_o min._n elev_n seven_o miles_n distant_a from_o the_o river_n wolga_n upon_o the_o river_n casanska_n which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n both_o to_o the_o city_n and_o province_n it_o be_v a_o very_a large_a city_n but_o its_o house_n and_o fortification_n as_o most_o all_o other_o in_o those_o part_n of_o wood._n but_o the_o castle_n and_o its_o fortification_n which_o consist_v in_o four_o bastion_n and_o a_o good_a many_o tower_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o river_n serve_v for_o a_o ditch_n about_o it_o the_o garrison_n be_v compose_v of_o muscovite_n only_o
tzumtzume_v i_o declare_v myself_o for_o that_o religion_n but_o desire_v that_o i_o may_v die_v immediate_o be_v unwilling_a to_o live_v now_o without_o subject_n in_o a_o place_n where_o i_o be_v so_o powerful_a before_o essi_n have_v grant_v his_o request_n he_o die_v instant_o and_o his_o sepulchre_n remain_v here_o to_o be_v see_v to_o this_o day_n under_o a_o tree_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n next_o adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v a_o scaffold_n erect_v of_o ten_o foot_n high_a and_o sixteen_o square_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v some_o thousand_o of_o tomb_n cover_v with_o stone_n half_a round_n cylinder-wise_a but_o exceed_v the_o ordinary_a stature_n of_o man_n have_v all_o of_o they_o arabic_a inscription_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o former_a age_n yet_o since_o the_o time_n of_o mahomet_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a king_n in_o media_n name_v kassan_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n receive_v there_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n and_o cause_v the_o body_n of_o the_o officer_n kill_v in_o this_o battle_n to_o be_v bury_v in_o these_o tomb_n the_o relation_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o altogether_o fictitious_a there_o be_v near_o the_o seaside_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o rest_n forty_o other_o exceed_v the_o beforementioned_a tomb_n in_o bigness_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n which_o have_v each_o its_o banner_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o sepulcher_n of_o so_o many_o lord_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o other_o holy_a man_n that_o come_v along_o with_o they_o where_o the_o persian_n and_o tartar_n of_o both_o sex_n come_v to_o pay_v their_o devotion_n by_o kiss_v these_o sepulcher_n and_o lay_v their_o hand_n upon_o they_o while_o they_o be_v at_o prayer_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o the_o tartarian_n under_o the_o grand_a czar_n obedience_n and_o among_o they_o to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o province_n of_o siberia_n this_o province_n which_o lie_v quite_o northward_o from_o muscovy_n siberia_n siberia_n betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o obdora_n and_o jugoria_n border_v towards_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o samojede_n be_v of_o a_o great_a extent_n but_o not_o very_o populous_a be_v inhabit_v by_o tartar_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v also_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n be_v tobol_n build_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n near_o a_o small_a river_n and_o except_o some_o muscovite_n inhabit_v by_o tartar_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o calmuck_n tartar_n be_v the_o city_n of_o daour_n and_o far_o beyond_o tobol_n be_v chnesortski_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o whole_a province_n for_o sables_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o sir_n the_o product_n of_o this_o country_n the_o native_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o wretched_a sort_n of_o people_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o have_v in_o some_o part_n good_a corn_n field_n and_o great_a store_n of_o fish_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o precious_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n beside_o other_o fur_n be_v the_o skin_n of_o sable_n these_o animal_n they_o catch_v either_o with_o trap_n not_o unlike_a to_o those_o we_o catch_v our_o rat_n with_o or_o by_o spread_v of_o net_n under_o the_o tree_n where_o they_o feed_v which_o be_v cut_v down_o they_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o net_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o have_v also_o a_o way_n of_o hunt_v they_o with_o dog_n they_o be_v former_o pagan_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o czar_n or_o king_n till_o near_o 150_o year_n ago_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o czar_n jobn_n basilovit_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n a_o certain_a famous_a pirate_n among_o the_o cosack_n live_v near_o the_o river_n wolga_n who_o name_n be_v jormack_n timorhof_n have_v take_v a_o ship_n load_v with_o ammunition_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o czar_n be_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v pursue_v and_o discover_v flee_v for_o shelter_n into_o a_o certain_a island_n near_o the_o river_n kama_n which_o come_v from_o permia_n one_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n fall_v below_o casan_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n this_o island_n belong_v then_o to_o a_o certain_a muscovian_a merchant_n he_o propose_v to_o he_o no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o some_o of_o those_o tartarian_a country_n lie_v more_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o be_v furnish_v by_o he_o with_o arm_n ammunition_n and_o other_o necessary_n he_o with_o about_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o of_o his_o follower_n go_v up_o the_o river_n tagit_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o river_n tura_fw-la where_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o a_o small_a island_n call_v japouchin_n he_o march_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o tumen_n which_o he_o also_o take_v without_o much_o opposition_n be_v flush_v with_o this_o success_n he_o direct_v his_o march_n straight_o way_n to_o tobol_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n and_o then_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o siberian_a king_n where_o have_v also_o meet_v with_o very_o little_a resistance_n he_o soon_o become_v master_n of_o the_o place_n but_o be_v not_o content_v with_o thiâ—_n extraordinary_a success_n and_o propose_v to_o himself_o no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n he_o lose_v soon_o after_o both_o his_o life_n and_o conquest_n for_o have_v pursue_v the_o fly_a enemy_n a_o great_a way_n beyond_o the_o city_n of_o tobol_n all_o along_o the_o river_n irtish_fw-mi 300_o of_o his_o man_n who_o he_o have_v send_v out_o on_o purpose_n to_o atrack_v the_o enemy_n at_o a_o certain_a pass_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o ambush_n be_v all_o kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o jormack_n with_o the_o rest_n be_v about_o 200_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v into_o a_o small_a island_n there_o about_o where_o he_o entrench_v himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v but_o the_o tartar_n have_v by_o their_o late_a victory_n get_v new_a courage_n and_o be_v inform_v of_o what_o number_n of_o man_n he_o have_v with_o he_o attack_v he_o by_o night_n where_o he_o with_o all_o his_o follower_n except_z 40_o who_o find_v mean_n to_o get_v into_o muscovy_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o cut_v to_o piece_n the_o remnant_n of_o jormack_n party_n be_v at_o last_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o have_v give_v to_o the_o czar_n a_o relation_n of_o what_o have_v pass_v in_o siberia_n it_o be_v think_v advisable_a to_o give_v they_o some_o force_n thereby_o to_o enable_v they_o to_o try_v their_o fortune_n a_o second_o time_n have_v therefore_o obtain_v 600_o man_n with_o ammunition_n and_o other_o necessary_n suitable_a to_o such_o a_o expedition_n they_o march_v direct_o towards_o the_o city_n of_o tobol_n the_o metropolis_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o siberia_n and_o have_v a_o second_o time_n possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o without_o much_o opposition_n they_o take_v quite_o other_o measure_n to_o secure_v their_o conquest_n from_o what_o jormack_n have_v do_v before_o for_o they_o so_o strong_o fortify_v themselves_o there_o that_o they_o soon_o be_v beyond_o all_o apprehension_n of_o be_v attack_v by_o the_o tartar_n and_o be_v afterward_o reinforce_v with_o new_a supply_n of_o man_n and_o other_o necessary_n by_o their_o frequent_a incursion_n so_o fatigue_v the_o neighbour_a tartar_n that_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o submit_v themselves_o under_o the_o czar_n protection_n though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o vend_v their_o sable_n and_o other_o fur_n to_o the_o muscovite_n may_v be_v their_o chief_a motive_n of_o surrender_v themselves_o under_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n subjection_n since_o which_o time_n the_o muscovite_n have_v build_v in_o these_o part_n several_a city_n fortify_v after_o the_o russiian_a fashion_n and_o much_o improve_v other_o as_o narim_n and_o the_o great_a city_n of_o tooina_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n the_o castle_n of_o comgoscoi_fw-fr upon_o the_o river_n telta_fw-mi and_o other_o since_o the_o conquest_n of_o siberia_n it_o be_v chief_o to_o the_o muscovite_n we_o be_v behold_v for_o the_o particular_a discovery_n they_o have_v make_v of_o that_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o traverse_n this_o province_n and_o have_v be_v mention_v before_o and_o the_o famous_a chinese_n wall_n which_o divide_v that_o famous_a empire_n from_o the_o grand_a tartary_n for_o the_o muscovite_n have_v once_o be_v make_v sensible_a of_o the_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o precious_a fur_n as_o the_o sable_n martin_n and_o black_a fox_n those_o country_n afford_v and_o the_o vast_a profit_n that_o must_v needs_o arise_v to_o their_o own_o country_n by_o engross_a the_o traffic_n of_o those_o commodity_n have_v leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o best_a discovery_n they_o can_v
upper_a lip_n or_o chin_n the_o stature_n and_o proportion_n of_o their_o body_n be_v very_o large_a something_o above_o the_o common_a size_n they_o be_v clean_a and_o well_o proportion_v in_o their_o limb_n their_o air_n though_o somewhat_o stern_a and_o resolute_a yet_o carry_v not_o any_o mark_n of_o cruelty_n or_o savageness_n along_o with_o it_o their_o habit_n resemble_v that_o of_o most_o all_o the_o other_o tartar_n both_o europaean_n and_o asiatic_o be_v make_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o cassock_n or_o large_a vest_n fit_v to_o their_o body_n but_o the_o material_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_a sheepskin_n about_o the_o waste_n they_o wear_v a_o cord_n or_o small_a girdle_n wherein_o hang_v their_o bow_n and_o quiver_n which_o be_v their_o constant_a companion_n wherever_o they_o go_v their_o head_n be_v shave_v to_o the_o crown_n where_o they_o preserve_v a_o good_a tuft_n of_o hair_n thick_a enough_o to_o make_v two_o good_a lock_n one_o of_o which_o hang_v down_o before_o the_o other_z behind_z upon_o their_o head_n they_o be_v no_o other_o cover_v than_o a_o round_a cap_n or_o rather_o bonnet_n make_v of_o the_o same_o stuff_n with_o their_o habit_n only_o that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o there_o be_v a_o pretty_a large_a tuft_n of_o red_a white_a or_o green_a silk_n or_o perhaps_o of_o some_o other_o colour_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o horde_n as_o they_o belong_v to_o these_o horde_n wear_v these_o different_a colour_a tuft_n as_o a_o certain_a mark_n whereby_o to_o distinguish_v themselves_o from_o one_o another_o their_o chief_a man_n among_o they_o especial_o such_o as_o live_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o sable_n and_o martin_n be_v catch_v make_v their_o garment_n either_o of_o those_o fur_n or_o else_o of_o dog-skin_n and_o sometime_o especial_o during_o the_o winter_n they_o join_v both_o together_o they_o general_o wear_v the_o hair_n of_o the_o dog_n of_o which_o they_o keep_v a_o great_a number_n outermost_a make_v the_o fur_n of_o the_o sable_n or_o martin_n the_o line_n to_o the_o other_o not_o but_o that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a how_o much_o the_o first_o exceed_v the_o latter_a both_o in_o beauty_n and_o value_n but_o say_v they_o we_o do_v not_o think_v it_o just_a that_o the_o dog_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n have_v be_v so_o serviceable_a to_o we_o in_o find_v out_o and_o catch_v the_o sable_n or_o martin_n shall_v be_v debase_v after_o his_o death_n below_o those_o he_o conquer_v but_o that_o his_o past_a service_n ought_v to_o be_v remember_v by_o prefer_v he_o after_o his_o death_n before_o his_o enemy_n which_o he_o vanquish_v when_o alive_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o muscovite_n after_o they_o have_v hunt_v out_o these_o so_o far_o distant_a country_n do_v not_o acquiesce_v here_o but_o leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a till_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o those_o tartarian_a country_n to_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o japan_n to_o obtain_v this_o end_n they_o use_v to_o send_v frequent_o their_o ambassador_n and_o sometime_o messenger_n on_o some_o pretence_n or_o another_o into_o those_o part_n who_o have_v take_v several_a way_n at_o last_o make_v the_o passage_n betwixt_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o china_n tolerable_o commodious_a to_o their_o merchant_n who_o now_o travel_v from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o pekin_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o chinese_n empire_n in_o less_o than_o four_o month_n time_n with_o conveniency_n enough_o especial_o since_o the_o muscovite_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o caravan_n have_v build_v several_a city_n and_o fort_n as_o the_o city_n of_o genessay_n or_o jenessay_n among_o the_o tingoëse_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o that_o name_n the_o city_n of_o szelinga_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n beside_o several_a fortress_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v call_v albazin_n build_v upon_o the_o river_n yamour_fw-fr three_o month_n journey_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o but_o three_o week_n travel_v from_o pekin_n the_o metropolis_n of_o china_n when_o the_o muscovian_a merchant_n undertake_v this_o great_a journey_n china_n how_o the_o muscovite_n travel_v into_o china_n they_o common_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o winter-season_n which_o be_v the_o most_o commodious_a in_o muscovy_n for_o travel_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n and_o lake_n which_o in_o the_o summertime_n be_v no_o small_a obstacle_n to_o traveller_n be_v all_o freeze_a over_o they_o usual_o set_v out_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n when_o the_o snow_n be_v well_o beat_v they_o travel_v in_o sled_n from_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o tobol_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o siberia_n to_o wit_n above_o 800_o english_a mile_n in_o less_o than_o three_o week_n from_o hence_o they_o continue_v their_o journey_n by_o land_n to_o the_o utmost_a frontier_n of_o siberia_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o tostiouski_n a_o horde_n of_o tartar_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n here_o they_o change_v their_o carriage_n which_o they_o send_v back_o into_o siberia_n for_o one_o much_o more_o swift_a and_o commodious_a for_o whereas_o the_o muscovite_n sleds_o be_v usual_o draw_v but_o by_o one_o horse_n they_o make_v use_v in_o those_o part_n of_o a_o certain_a beast_n call_v the_o reen_n or_o rain-deer_n which_o they_o put_v in_o their_o sled_n and_o to_o make_v it_o go_v the_o more_o swift_a they_o tie_v a_o great_a dog_n behind_o that_o by_o his_o bark_n rain-deer_n the_o reen_n or_o rain-deer_n scare_v the_o poor_a beast_n make_v it_o run_v with_o that_o swiftness_n that_o it_o carry_v the_o sled_n six_o or_o sevenscore_n miles_n a_o day_n this_o creature_n probable_o the_o tarandius_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n be_v by_o the_o modern_a latin_n call_v rangifer_n from_o the_o word_n reen_n which_o be_v the_o name_n give_v it_o by_o the_o laplander_n who_o as_o likewise_o the_o samoyede_n and_o some_o other_o northern_a nation_n make_v a_o considerable_a advantage_n of_o these_o beast_n not_o only_o in_o their_o sled_n but_o also_o by_o make_v clothes_n of_o their_o skin_n it_o be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o large_a stagg_n but_o much_o strong_a with_o a_o very_a high_a breast_n where_o the_o hair_n which_o be_v of_o a_o grayish_a colour_n incline_v to_o white_a be_v very_o long_o and_o rough_a they_o have_v cleave_v hoof_n the_o horn_n of_o which_o be_v as_o hard_a as_o iron_n so_o that_o make_v at_o every_o step_n a_o impression_n in_o the_o ice_n they_o go_v as_o secure_o as_o if_o they_o be_v shall_v with_o frost-nail_n or_o walk_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o with_o such_o swiftness_n that_o they_o often_o travel_v 150_o mile_n a_o day_n their_o horn_n be_v high_a than_o those_o of_o the_o elk_n and_o large_a than_o a_o stagg_n they_o have_v on_o the_o forehead_n two_o brow-anklers_a wherewith_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o dig_v up_o the_o white_a moss_n from_o under_o the_o snow_n for_o their_o food_n and_o break_v the_o ice_n to_o get_v water_n to_o quench_v their_o thirst_n for_o the_o rest_n they_o be_v very_o sociable_a creature_n feed_v in_o herd_n and_o easy_o tame_v and_o make_v serviceable_a for_o the_o draught_n of_o sled_n which_o they_o perform_v with_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o creature_n the_o muscovian_a merchant_n travel_v with_o great_a expedition_n as_o long_o as_o the_o ice_n continue_v to_o bear_v to_o the_o city_n of_o genessay_n or_o jenessay_n build_v by_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o traveller_n from_o thence_o they_o take_v boat_n to_o go_v up_o the_o two_o river_n biakala_n lake_n of_o biakala_n tongusi_n and_o augara_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o baikala_n where_o both_o these_o river_n have_v their_o rise_n the_o water_n of_o this_o lake_n be_v extraordinary_a clear_a but_o what_o make_v the_o passage_n over_o it_o very_o difficult_a and_o tedious_a be_v that_o it_o be_v surround_v on_o all_o side_n with_o very_a high_a rock_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v thereby_o check_v they_o blow_v so_o various_o and_o from_o several_a point_n at_o a_o time_n that_o they_o put_v the_o master_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o danger_n and_o trouble_n so_o that_o though_o its_o breadth_n be_v not_o 30_o mile_n over_o yet_o be_v they_o oblige_v to_o spend_v sometime_o a_o whole_a week_n in_o pass_v it_o after_o they_o have_v get_v over_o this_o lake_n they_o immediate_o enter_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o country_n of_o the_o mongul_n tartar_n sail_n sleds_o with_o sail_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o mule_n and_o dromedary_n they_o continue_v their_o journey_n towards_o the_o confine_n of_o china_n which_o be_v common_o do_v in_o
have_v which_o they_o prefer_v before_o our_o sugar_n spice_n or_o vinegar_n which_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o refuse_v as_o they_o also_o show_v more_o satisfaction_n in_o their_o ordinary_a food_n of_o seadog_n calf_n reen_n fox_n house-dog_n and_o fish_n but_o especial_o stockfish_n than_o in_o any_o of_o our_o dish_n the_o swart_a colour_n of_o these_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n in_o the_o world_n may_v very_o well_o furnish_v we_o with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v a_o digression_n here_o in_o contradiction_n of_o what_o be_v affirm_v by_o pliny_n to_o wit_n 78._o lib._n 2._o c._n 78._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n burn_v the_o skin_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cold_a whiten_n it_n if_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v not_o at_o present_a beyond_o our_o scope_n wherefore_o we_o will_v pursue_v the_o tract_n of_o our_o history_n and_o give_v a_o short_a description_n of_o livonia_n the_o country_n of_o livonia_n or_o liefland_n livonia_n livonia_n border_n on_o the_o east_n upon_o muscovy_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o sweden_n and_o finland_n by_o a_o gulf_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n call_v by_o the_o latin_n sinus_n livonicus_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o south_n samogitia_n lithuania_n and_o prussia_n it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n be_v near_o 600_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o 200_o broad_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o province_n to_o wit_n into_o esthonie_n lettie_n and_o courland_n the_o first_o of_o these_o province_n be_v subdivide_v into_o five_o circuit_n call_v hanie_n wirland_n allentaken_v jerwe_v and_o wieck_n its_o metropolis_n be_v revel_v as_o riga_n of_o the_o province_n of_o lettie_n and_o goldingen_n be_v the_o capital_a of_o courland_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n revel_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n at_o 50_o degr_n 25_o min._n latitude_n and_o 48_o degr_n 30_o min._n longitude_n it_o have_v for_o its_o founder_n waldemar_n or_o wolmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1230._o but_o king_n wolmar_n iii_o sell_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1347._o with_o some_o other_o city_n in_o that_o country_n to_o goswin_n d'_fw-fr eck_n the_o then_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n of_o knight_n the_o muscovite_n have_v for_o above_o these_o hundred_o year_n pass_v be_v very_o ambitious_a to_o unite_v not_o only_o this_o city_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a livonia_n with_o the_o russian_a empire_n which_o have_v occasion_v several_a war_n not_o only_o betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a knight_n but_o also_o with_o the_o swede_n after_o this_o city_n have_v put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o this_o city_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o two_o memorable_a sieges_n it_o hold_v out_o against_o the_o muscovite_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1577._o both_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v with_o great_a loss_n the_o city_n be_v fortify_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a way_n but_o its_o chief_a strength_n lie_v in_o its_o castle_n which_o be_v most_o advantageous_o situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n steepy_a on_o all_o side_n render_v it_o almost_o unaccessible_a except_o towards_o the_o city_n where_o it_o be_v defend_v by_o very_o good_a work_n it_o have_v a_o most_o excellent_a haven_n fit_v rather_o by_o nature_n than_o art_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o trade_n especial_o with_o muscovy_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o hanseatick_a league_n and_o have_v for_o some_o year_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n the_o direction_n of_o the_o college_n belong_v to_o the_o hanseatick_a town_n in_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n it_o be_v very_o flourish_v in_o its_o commerce_n from_o the_o year_n 1477._o till_o the_o year_n 1550._o when_v have_v break_v with_o the_o other_o hanseatick_a town_n the_o muscovite_n soon_o after_o take_v the_o city_n of_o narva_n and_o establish_v there_o the_o trade_n they_o have_v before_o in_o this_o city_n notwithstanding_o which_o it_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n the_o privilege_n of_o be_v a_o mart_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o they_o by_o several_a treaty_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o swede_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1595._o at_o teusma_n in_o the_o year_n 1607._o at_o wibourg_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o at_o stolvova_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n their_o wing_n have_v be_v clip_v of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o former_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n and_o be_v since_o look_v upon_o as_o dangerous_a to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o sovereign_n the_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v here_o like_v in_o most_o other_o commonwealth_n that_o profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o ausburg_n confession_n administer_v by_o a_o consistory_n and_o a_o superintendent_n and_o their_o civil_a constitution_n come_v very_o near_o to_o a_o democratical_a state_n the_o magistrate_n have_v no_o power_n to_o transact_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a profession_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o extraordinary_a consequence_n not_o without_o summon_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n within_o half_a a_o league_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o seaside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o stately_a monastery_n about_o 200_o year_n ago_o dedicate_v to_o st._n bridget_n by_o a_o very_a wealthy_a merchant_n of_o this_o city_n the_o only_a thing_n remarkable_a here_o be_v a_o book_n compose_v of_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o monastery_n intimate_v that_o the_o religious_a man_n and_o woman_n for_o it_o consist_v of_o both_o of_o this_o monastery_n have_v be_v so_o ingenious_a even_o in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o have_v find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o one_o another_o by_o certain_a sign_n without_o the_o help_n of_o word_n the_o next_o city_n of_o note_n in_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n narva_n narva_n be_v narva_n situate_v in_o the_o circuit_n of_o allentaken_v at_o 60_o degree_n elevation_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n narva_n or_o nerva_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o lake_n pripis_fw-la fall_v with_o a_o very_a swift_a current_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o finland_n about_o ten_o mile_n below_o this_o city_n near_o three_o mile_n above_o it_o there_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a cataract_n or_o water-fall_a which_o oblige_v the_o ship_n that_o come_v down_o the_o river_n from_o plescou_n and_o other_o place_n to_o narva_n to_o unlade_v their_o merchandize_n near_o that_o place_n this_o town_n which_o be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o exceed_v strong_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o adjacent_a castle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v build_v as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n of_o revel_n by_o wolmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1558._o besiege_v and_o take_v by_o john_n basilovit_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n but_o recover_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1581._o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o pontus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_n the_o swedish_n general_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n it_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o have_v for_o many_o year_n pass_v enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o other_o hanseatick_a town_n and_o be_v in_o the_o last_o age_n a_o place_n of_o very_o good_a traffic_n till_o the_o muscovian_a trade_n be_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a transfer_v to_o archangel_n and_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o swede_n destroy_v its_o commerce_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a in_o oliver_n cromwel_n time_n the_o commerce_n to_o archangel_n be_v interrupt_v there_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o prospect_n of_o revive_v the_o trade_n into_o muscovy_n abundance_n of_o ship_n make_v use_n of_o this_o harbour_n for_o that_o purpose_n at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o haven_n be_v repair_v and_o several_a new_a addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o town_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o stranger_n it_o have_v two_o castle_n belong_v to_o it_o one_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n in_o a_o peninsula_n make_v by_o the_o river_n nerva_n it_o be_v call_v ivanovogorod_n and_o be_v build_v there_o by_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o a_o rock_n so_o inaccessible_a that_o it_o be_v judge_v impregnable_a and_o be_v not_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o when_v gustavus_n adolphus_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o at_o the_o
foot_n of_o this_o castle_n be_v another_o small_a town_n or_o rather_o suburb_n call_v narva_n muscovite_n be_v inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n but_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n of_o the_o castle_n betwixt_o revel_v and_o narva_n there_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n bear_n and_o wolf_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n which_o during_o the_o winter-season_n do_v abundance_n of_o mischief_n to_o the_o peasant_n there_o be_v in_o narva_n to_o be_v see_v the_o skin_n of_o a_o wolf_n of_o a_o prodigious_a size_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v kill_v six_o peasant_n out_o of_o twelve_o he_o meet_v upon_o the_o road_n before_o he_o be_v kill_v himself_o they_o fasten_v common_o a_o great_a stick_n to_o their_o sled_n which_o noise_n they_o believe_v frighten_v the_o wolf_n and_o make_v they_o run_v away_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o second_o province_n in_o livonia_n riga_n riga_n which_o be_v call_v lettie_n be_v the_o city_n of_o riga_n it_o be_v origin_n be_v somewhat_o doubtful_a both_o as_o to_o the_o time_n and_o the_o true_a name_n of_o its_o first_o founder_n some_o have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o albert_n the_o three_o bishop_n of_o livonia_n in_o the_o year_n 1196._o other_o to_o one_o bertold_v of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o white_a friar_n abbot_n of_o locken_n in_o the_o country_n of_o shovenburgh_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o mindea_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1189_o and_o to_o have_v make_v it_o a_o bishop_n seat_n but_o it_o be_v beyond_o question_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1215_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishopric_n and_o make_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o livonia_n prussia_n and_o courland_n this_o occasion_v afterward_o great_a jarâ—ngs_n betwixt_o the_o livonian_a knight_n and_o that_o archbishop_n as_o also_o betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v at_o several_a time_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o till_o the_o reformation_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o further_a difference_n by_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o former_o have_v in_o this_o city_n it_o surrender_v itself_o by_o a_o voluntary_a rendition_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o during_o the_o war_n the_o muscovite_n make_v in_o livonia_n about_o that_o time_n since_o which_o it_o be_v twice_o but_o in_o vain_a besiege_v by_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n uncle_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n after_o he_o have_v get_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n but_o gustavus_n adolphus_n take_v it_o at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1621._o by_o composition_n after_o a_o siege_n of_o six_o week_n and_o the_o swede_n remain_v ever_o since_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o for_o though_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o same_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o swede_n any_o long_a than_o till_o the_o peace_n they_o be_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n in_o the_o year_n 1666_o wherein_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n also_o resign_v his_o pretention_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n put_v into_o the_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o city_n and_o the_o whole_a livonia_n it_o be_v situate_a upon_o the_o river_n dune_n which_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o hence_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o be_v near_o this_o city_n above_o a_o mile_n broad_a in_o a_o very_a spacious_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n it_o be_v well_o fortify_v on_o the_o landside_n to_o wit_n with_o six_o regular_a bastion_n and_o as_o many_o half_a moon_n the_o counterscarp_n be_v pallisadoe_v it_o be_v very_o populous_a because_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o people_n that_o flock_v hither_o both_o in_o winter_n and_o summer_n on_o the_o account_n of_o commerce_n which_o while_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v navigable_a be_v carry_v on_o with_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o hanseatick_a town_n and_o when_o the_o frost_n and_o snow_n have_v fit_v the_o road_n and_o river_n for_o sled_n with_o the_o muscovite_n all_o sort_n of_o provision_n be_v extreme_o cheap_a here_o but_o especial_o venison_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o peasant_n have_v a_o privilege_n hereabout_o to_o hunt_n at_o pleasure_n the_o lutheran_n be_v the_o establish_a religion_n here_o with_o exclusion_n of_o all_o other_o whether_o protestant_n catholic_n or_o muscovite_n the_o high-dutch_a and_o stavonian_a language_n be_v equal_o understand_v by_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o the_o high-dutch_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o principal_a not_o only_o all_o people_n of_o any_o fashion_n both_o in_o speak_v and_o write_v but_o also_o the_o magistrate_n in_o his_o public_a act_n and_o the_o minister_n in_o their_o sermon_n make_v use_v of_o it_o except_o it_o be_v in_o two_o particular_a church_n where_o sermon_n be_v make_v in_o the_o slavonian_a and_o courland_n language_n for_o such_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_n as_o perhaps_o do_v not_o so_o exact_o understand_v the_o high-dutch_a tongue_n the_o next_o city_n in_o rank_n be_v call_v derpt_v or_o torpat_v derpt_v derpt_v it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o livonia_n upon_o the_o river_n eimbec_n between_o the_o two_o lake_n of_o worzero_n and_o peipis_fw-la the_o remnant_n of_o its_o ancient_a building_n show_v it_o to_o have_v be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a in_o those_o part_n before_o the_o frequent_a revolution_n which_o happen_v in_o this_o country_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n pole_n and_o swede_n have_v render_v its_o condition_n much_o decline_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o former_a age_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o muscovite_n jupogorod_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o it_o till_o the_o year_n 1230_o when_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n who_o make_v it_o also_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1558_o john_n basilovit_n grand_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n have_v unexpected_o advance_v with_o a_o army_n near_o to_o the_o city_n strike_v such_o a_o consternation_n into_o its_o inhabitant_n that_o without_o strike_v one_o blow_n they_o surrender_v to_o the_o grand_a duke_n but_o the_o year_n 1571_o prove_v most_o fatal_a to_o this_o city_n for_o one_o reinold_n rose_n a_o gentleman_n of_o livonia_n have_v lay_v a_o design_n to_o put_v the_o city_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o magnus_n duke_n of_o helstein_n and_o be_v discover_v before_o it_o can_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o citizen_n pay_v dear_o for_o it_o the_o muscovite_n exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n upon_o they_o without_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n pursuant_n to_o the_o treatise_n of_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o between_o the_o grand_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n and_o stephen_n battory_n king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v surrender_v to_o the_o latter_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n that_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o till_o the_o year_n 1625_o when_o james_n the_o la'garde_n general_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n take_v it_o from_o they_o who_o keep_v it_o ever_o since_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o which_o be_v since_o confirm_v by_o the_o peace_n conclude_v in_o the_o year_n 1666_o at_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n gustavus_n adolphus_n found_v a_o university_n here_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o but_o it_o be_v not_o much_o frequent_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o a_o few_o finlander_n the_o livonian_a nobility_n send_v their_o son_n for_o the_o most_o part_n abroad_o to_o the_o university_n in_o germany_n to_o this_o province_n also_o belong_v the_o city_n of_o parnau_n parnau_n parnau_n have_v receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n parnau_n or_o pornou_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o new_a and_o old_a town_n and_o be_v former_o a_o member_n of_o the_o hanseatick_a league_n but_o its_o trade_n be_v much_o decay_v of_o late_a year_n the_o only_a thing_n they_o now_o deal_v in_o be_v wheat_n it_o be_v not_o very_o big_a but_o have_v a_o pretty_a good_a castle_n build_v of_o wood_n after_o the_o muscovian_a fashion_n the_o river_n pornou_n rise_v out_o of_o a_o great_a forest_n near_o the_o castle_n of_o weissenstein_n situate_v upon_o the_o little_a river_n become_v and_o be_v in_o its_o passage_n augment_v by_o the_o two_o river_n fela_n and_o perukeja_n exonerate_v its_o self_n into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o far_o below_o this_o city_n it_o
the_o archbishop_z of_o riga_n and_o the_o coadjutor_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n have_v make_v a_o league_n defensive_a with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n unto_o who_o they_o have_v promise_v 300000_o l._n sterling_n towards_o the_o defray_a the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n and_o for_o his_o security_n have_v engage_v several_a bailywick_n but_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o extreme_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o how_o the_o city_n of_o revel_n and_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n or_o esthland_n have_v be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n refuse_v to_o execute_v the_o treaty_n unless_o they_o will_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n and_o submit_v themselves_o upon_o the_o same_o term_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o sweden_n be_v therefore_o reduce_v to_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o choose_v the_o least_o evil_a the_o archbishop_n and_o master_n of_o the_o order_n be_v force_v to_o surrender_v all_o the_o act_n and_o charter_n they_o have_v obtain_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o pope_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n who_o in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n name_n receive_v also_o from_o they_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n give_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n with_o the_o country_n of_o gourland_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o courland_n in_o the_o year_n 1562._o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1582._o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n get_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a livonia_n except_o that_o part_n of_o esthonie_n which_o have_v surrender_v to_o the_o swede_n who_o by_o degree_n get_v all_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v entire_o resign_v to_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n make_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n the_o country_n of_o livonia_n be_v very_o fertile_a but_o especial_o in_o wheat_n abound_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n fowl_n and_o venison_n a_o ox_n be_v common_o to_o be_v buy_v here_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o hog_n for_o a_o crown_n and_o a_o good_a hare_n for_o a_o groat_n but_o have_v within_o these_o two_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v so_o oppress_v with_o famine_n that_o a_o great_a many_o thousand_o of_o the_o peasant_n have_v die_v for_o hunger_n its_o inhabitant_n must_v be_v consider_v under_o different_a qualification_n livonia_n inhabitant_n of_o livonia_n the_o first_o be_v the_o german_n and_o their_o posterity_n out_o of_o which_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v compose_v the_o second_o be_v the_o peasant_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o live_v in_o the_o champain_n country_n of_o lettie_n and_o esthonie_n have_v nothing_o they_o can_v call_v their_o own_o but_o be_v absolute_a slave_n either_o to_o the_o nobility_n or_o chief_a citizen_n they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o german_n vnteutsche_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o germane_a perhaps_o because_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o language_n of_o the_o german_n they_o be_v the_o great_a slave_n in_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v allege_v against_o they_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v under_o such_o a_o severe_a subjection_n they_o will_v be_v always_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n at_o any_o rate_n of_o which_o they_o have_v give_v some_o proof_n when_o ever_o any_o occasion_n present_v the_o origin_n of_o the_o livonian_a nobility_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o service_n they_o have_v in_o former_a age_n do_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o muscovite_n nobility_n their_o nobility_n they_o be_v free_a from_o all_o tax_n and_o charge_n volmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v they_o manor_n to_o hold_v in_o fealty_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o eric_n vii_o by_o letter_n patent_n and_o augment_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o short_a sword_n and_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o prussia_n some_o of_o these_o manor_n especial_o in_o the_o district_v of_o harrie_n and_o wirland_n be_v inheritable_a by_o the_o daughter_n and_o their_o issue_n to_o the_o five_o degree_n but_o they_o be_v above_o all_o behold_n to_o that_o famous_a walter_n de_fw-fr plattenbergh_n who_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1513._o acknowledge_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n exempt_v the_o nobility_n from_o all_o subjection_n except_v such_o service_n as_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o manor_n when_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o swede_n they_o do_v not_o submit_v to_o that_o crown_n but_o with_o a_o proviso_n of_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v once_o a_o year_n a_o review_n make_v of_o this_o nobility_n which_o do_v not_o only_o upon_o occasion_n furnish_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n but_o also_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o sweden_n as_o their_o chief_a nursery_n of_o officer_n even_o to_o the_o general_n of_o army_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n both_o as_o to_o policy_n and_o justice_n be_v commit_v to_o twelve_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v the_o council_n of_o the_o country_n of_o which_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v precedent_n their_o judicial_a process_n be_v very_o short_a and_o decide_v once_o a_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o january_n by_o this_o council_n who_o after_o a_o declaration_n and_o a_o answer_n proceed_v immediate_o to_o judgement_n to_o perform_v this_o with_o the_o more_o conveniency_n each_o province_n have_v its_o own_o captain_n as_o they_o call_v he_o who_o business_n be_v to_o represent_v to_o the_o governor_n and_o council_n the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o employment_n be_v never_o continue_v above_o three_o year_n in_o the_o same_o person_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a triennial_n judge_n appoint_v for_o the_o determine_n of_o difference_n in_o the_o flat_a country_n concern_v the_o limit_n betwixt_o private_a man_n which_o have_v be_v render_v dubious_a by_o the_o war_n and_o some_o other_o judge_n or_o overseer_n of_o the_o highway_n bridge_n and_o causway_n but_o from_o all_o these_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o country_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n religion_n their_o religion_n they_o be_v lutheran_n here_o which_o must_v be_v chief_o understand_v from_o the_o nobility_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o city_n but_o as_o for_o the_o peasant_n they_o can_v scarce_o be_v call_v half_a christian_n much_o less_o to_o be_v say_v of_o any_o particular_a religion_n be_v even_o to_o this_o day_n so_o deep_o entangle_v in_o their_o heathenish_a superstition_n that_o they_o scarce_o ever_o go_v to_o church_n or_o at_o least_o never_o communicate_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o force_n they_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o wretched_a and_o slavish_a condition_n they_o live_v in_o quite_o regardless_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o this_o life_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o when_o they_o take_v a_o oath_n they_o conclude_v with_o these_o word_n if_o i_o do_v not_o swear_v true_a i_o be_o content_a that_o the_o curse_n of_o god_n may_v light_v upon_o my_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o my_o child_n upon_o all_o what_o appertain_v to_o i_o to_o the_o nine_o generation_n some_o of_o they_o especial_o the_o peasant_n about_o riga_n if_o they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n at_o law_n put_v a_o turf_n upon_o their_o head_n with_o a_o white_a stick_n in_o their_o hand_n thereby_o signify_v that_o they_o consent_v that_o they_o their_o child_n and_o cattle_n may_v become_v as_o dry_a as_o the_o turf_n and_o stick_n if_o they_o swear_v false_o they_o frequent_o put_v a_o needle_n and_o thread_n into_o the_o grave_a with_o the_o decease_a because_o forsooth_o he_o may_v perhaps_o have_v occasion_n to_o mend_v his_o clothes_n in_o the_o other_o world_n sorcery_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_a among_o they_o than_o prayer_n the_o first_o be_v propagate_v by_o tradition_n from_o the_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n they_o never_o kill_v a_o beast_n but_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v away_o nor_o never_o brew_v but_o something_o must_v be_v spill_v which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o preservative_n against_o witchcraft_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o way_n of_o rebaptise_v their_o child_n themselves_o though_o private_o if_o in_o some_o week_n after_o the_o first_o baptism_n they_o happen_v to_o fall_v sick_a which_z
also_o it_o be_v their_o custom_n at_o their_o wedding_n feast_n never_o to_o eat_v the_o flesh_n of_o any_o creature_n that_o be_v geld_v in_o their_o funeral_n rite_n funeral_n their_o funeral_n they_o observe_v this_o method_n they_o dress_v the_o corpse_n of_o their_o decease_a friend_n in_o their_o best_a clothes_n with_o shoe_n and_o stocking_n and_o have_v set_v it_o upright_a in_o a_o chair_n the_o next_o relation_n make_v a_o ring_n about_o it_o drink_v very_o hearty_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v out_o they_o begin_v to_o lament_v their_o decease_a friend_n alas_o say_v they_o why_o will_v thou_o die_v do_v thou_o want_v either_o victual_n or_o drink_v why_o will_v thou_o die_v then_o alas_o have_v thou_o not_o a_o handsome_a wife_n why_o will_v thou_o die_v then_o thus_o run_v through_o every_o particular_a thing_n possess_v by_o the_o decease_a in_o his_o life-time_n they_o ask_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o conclude_v why_o will_v thou_o die_v they_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o furnish_v they_o with_o needle_n and_o thread_n when_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o their_o coffin_n and_o with_o some_o bread_n and_o a_o bottle_n of_o liquor_n when_o the_o corpse_n be_v carry_v out_o to_o the_o burying-place_n the_o relation_n on_o horseback_n surround_v the_o hearse_n or_o wagon_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v and_o with_o their_o sword_n draw_v strike_v in_o the_o air_n cross-way_n cry_v out_o aloud_o away_o you_o demon_n to_o the_o infernal_a place_n of_o darkness_n at_o last_o whilst_o the_o corpse_n be_v put_v into_o the_o ground_n they_o throw_v some_o money_n after_o it_o into_o the_o grave_a the_o widow_n mourn_v for_o forty_o day_n viz._n morning_n and_o evening_n sun_n rise_v and_o set_v over_o her_o husband_n be_v grave_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o relation_n celebrate_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o decease_a at_o certain_a appoint_a day_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o three_o the_o sixth_z the_o nine_o and_o forty_o day_n when_o after_o a_o certain_a form_n of_o prayer_n which_o they_o mutter_v out_o before_o they_o enter_v the_o house_n they_o invite_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o decease_a to_o come_v and_o take_v part_n with_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v at_o table_n there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n to_o be_v speak_v neither_o do_v they_o make_v use_n of_o knife_n they_o be_v attend_v by_o two_o woman_n who_o divide_v the_o victual_n among_o the_o guest_n but_o also_o without_o knife_n each_o of_o the_o guest_n throw_v something_o of_o his_o victual_n as_o also_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n under_o the_o table_n which_o they_o believe_v be_v the_o food_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o decease_a if_o any_o thing_n happen_v to_o fall_v under_o the_o table_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v up_o this_o be_v to_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o food_n of_o such_o soul_n as_o be_v destitute_a of_o friend_n or_o be_v otherwise_o unable_a to_o feast_n thâ—m_n after_o their_o death_n the_o feast_n be_v over_o the_o priest_n be_v the_o first_o that_o rise_v from_o the_o table_n and_o have_v sweep_v all_o the_o dust_n out_o the_o door_n with_o a_o bâ—oom_n retire_v say_v he_o belove_a soul_n you_o have_v be_v sufficient_o feed_v with_o victual_n and_o drink_v retire_v belove_a soul_n from_o this_o house_n then_o it_o be_v that_o the_o guest_n begin_v first_o to_o speak_v and_o to_o let_v the_o cup_n go_v brisk_o round_a the_o man_n drink_v to_o the_o woman_n in_o remembrance_n of_o their_o dead_a friend_n and_o the_o woman_n answer_v the_o man_n with_o the_o same_o freedom_n till_o they_o all_o begin_v to_o be_v mellow_a when_o they_o part_v with_o kiss_v one_o another_o all_o round_a chap._n vii_o of_o the_o crim_n and_o precopian_a tartar_n and_o the_o cosack_n betwixt_o the_o two_o tartarian_a kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n tartar_n crim_n tartar_n subject_n to_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n all_o along_o the_o river_n volga_n up_o to_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n be_v great_a desert_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o inhabit_a as_o frequent_o visit_v by_o the_o crim_n or_o precopian_a tartar_n their_o fix_a habitation_n be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n tanais_n or_o don_n all_o along_o the_o palus_n meotides_n and_o so_o in_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o a_o great_a forest_n that_o part_n which_o border_n on_o the_o palus_n meotides_n belong_v to_o the_o precopian_a tartar_n the_o rest_n border_v on_o the_o euxin_n sea_n to_o the_o turk_n it_o contain_v about_o 250_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o 150_o in_o breadth_n less_o or_o more_o in_o some_o place_n but_o that_o what_o be_v call_v the_o little_a tartary_n on_o that_o side_n comprehend_v also_o the_o tartar_n of_o budziack_n which_o inhabit_v all_o along_o the_o palus_n meotides_n or_o as_o it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o to_o the_o sea_n of_o zabacche_n up_o to_o the_o river_n don_n or_o tanais_n be_v much_o large_a in_o compass_n border_v on_o the_o north_n upon_o muscovy_n in_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o circassian_n tartar_n northwest_n upon_o podolia_n and_o luthuania_n and_o towards_o the_o south_n upon_o moldavia_n and_o wallachia_n these_o tartar_n have_v be_v for_o several_a age_n last_o pass_v very_a redoubtable_n both_o to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n who_o have_v be_v often_o oblige_v to_o stop_v their_o fury_n by_o present_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o a_o annual_a tribute_n and_o be_v at_o this_o time_n vigorous_o attack_v by_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n who_o have_v gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o they_o they_o may_v very_o well_o deserve_v a_o place_n in_o this_o treatise_n the_o taurica_n charsonesus_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_v by_o the_o tauri_n chersonesus_n taurica_n chersonesus_n who_o give_v it_o its_o name_n these_o be_v succeed_v by_o the_o greek_n who_o plant_v here_o their_o colony_n but_o about_o 450_o year_n ago_o some_o tartarian_a horde_n inhabit_v near_o the_o caspian_a sea_n have_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o intestine_a war_n leave_v their_o native_a country_n and_o ravage_v part_n of_o asia_n at_o last_o pass_v the_o river_n volga_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o tanais_n or_o don_n and_o the_o palus_n meotides_n where_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n except_o some_o port_n situate_v on_o the_o exin_n sea_n and_o especial_o the_o city_n of_o caffa_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1266_o seize_v by_o the_o genoeses_n who_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o possession_n till_o the_o year_n 1474_o when_o mahomet_n ii_o the_o turkish_a emperor_n take_v they_o from_o the_o genoeses_n the_o place_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v batuclawa_n former_o a_o considerable_a place_n but_o now_o more_o like_o a_o village_n than_o a_o city_n it_o have_v not_o above_o 200_o house_n but_o have_v a_o very_a good_a port_n and_o the_o turk_n build_v there_o abundance_n of_o ship_n and_o galley_n the_o two_o castle_n of_o ingerman_n and_o mancus_fw-la to_o which_o be_v adjoin_v when_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o genoeses_n two_o goodly_a city_n of_o which_o scarce_o any_o thing_n remain_v now_o but_o the_o ruin_n the_o only_a place_n of_o note_n belong_v to_o the_o turk_n here_o be_v one_o city_n of_o caffa_n in_o former_a age_n call_v theodosia_n it_o be_v whilst_o the_o genoeses_n be_v master_n of_o it_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n place_n in_o the_o levant_n but_o the_o turk_n take_v it_o from_o the_o genoeses_n as_o be_v mention_v before_o after_o a_o siege_n of_o fourteen_o year_n and_o as_o it_o be_v believe_v not_o without_o treachery_n some_o of_o the_o genoeses_n have_v be_v corrupt_v with_o money_n it_o be_v since_o that_o time_n as_o almost_o all_o other_o place_n that_o groan_v under_o the_o turkish_a yoke_n infinite_o decay_v from_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n notwithstanding_o which_o it_o contain_v as_o yet_o about_o 6000_o house_n inhabit_v by_o italian_n the_o remnant_n of_o the_o genoese_a family_n greek_o armenian_n jew_n turk_n and_o tartar_n the_o christian_n be_v however_o the_o most_o in_o number_n have_v 45_o church_n here_o the_o place_n belong_v to_o the_o precopian_a tartar_n as_o well_o within_o the_o chersonesus_n as_o upon_o the_o palus_n meotides_n be_v the_o city_n of_o azoph_n or_o assaw_n situate_v at_o the_o very_a mouth_n of_o the_o river_n don_n or_o tanais_n where_o it_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o palus_n meotides_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o considerable_a trade_n inhabit_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o tartar_n from_o who_o it_o be_v about_o two_o year_n ago_o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n the_o city_n of_o crim_n situate_v in_o a_o bay_n make_v by_o the_o sea_n of_o zabacche_n or_o the_o palus_n meotides_n it_o be_v inhabit_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o tartar_n it_o be_v a_o strong_a wall_v town_n its_o house_n be_v build_v
from_o hence_o also_o proceed_v these_o frequent_a irregularity_n disorder_n and_o excess_n in_o debauchery_n even_o to_o sin_n against_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n not_o only_o with_o man_n but_o also_o with_o beast_n the_o woman_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n though_o otherwise_o keep_v under_o a_o very_a strict_a discipline_n will_v often_o find_v out_o their_o husband_n at_o the_o tippling-house_n and_o drink_v with_o they_o to_o that_o excess_n till_o they_o can_v neither_o stand_v nor_o go_v and_o be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o among_o they_o at_o the_o tippling-house_n several_a of_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v attempt_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o this_o evil_a by_o order_v such_o publick-house_n as_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o their_o authority_n to_o sell_v their_o liquor_n only_o by_o certain_a measure_n at_o a_o time_n but_o this_o prove_v ineffectual_a the_o neighbour_n meet_v by_o turn_n at_o their_o own_o house_n where_o they_o play_v the_o same_o game_n they_o be_v use_v to_o at_o the_o tippling-house_n former_o tobacco_n be_v as_o extravagant_o take_v forbid_v tobacco_n forbid_v as_o the_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la and_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o frequent_a mischief_n forasmuch_o as_o not_o only_o the_o poor_a sort_n will_v rather_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n upon_o tobacco_n than_o bread_n but_o also_o when_o drink_v do_v set_v their_o house_n on_o fire_n through_o their_o negligence_n beside_o which_o make_v the_o patriarch_n take_v a_o particular_a disgust_n at_o it_o they_o use_v to_o appear_v before_o their_o image_n with_o their_o stink_a and_o infectious_a breath_n all_o which_o oblige_v the_o great_a duke_n absolute_o â—o_o forbid_v both_o the_o use_n and_o sale_n of_o tobacco_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o under_o very_o rigorous_a punishment_n to_o wit_n for_o the_o transgressor_n to_o have_v their_o nostril_n slit_v or_o else_o to_o be_v severe_o whip_v nevertheless_o it_o be_v of_o late_a year_n more_o frequent_o use_v than_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o edict_n the_o search_n be_v not_o now_o so_o strict_a against_o the_o taker_n nor_o the_o punishment_n so_o rigorous_o execute_v foreigner_n have_v the_o liberty_n to_o use_v it_o make_v the_o muscovite_n often_o venture_v upon_o it_o in_o their_o company_n they_o be_v so_o eager_a of_o tobacco_n that_o the_o most_o ordinary_a sort_n which_o former_o cost_v not_o above_o 9_o or_o 10_o penny_n per_fw-la pound_n in_o england_n they_o will_v buy_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o shilling_n and_o if_o they_o want_v money_n they_o will_v truck_v their_o clothes_n for_o it_o to_o the_o very_a shirt_n they_o take_v it_o after_o a_o most_o beastly_a manner_n instead_o of_o pipe_n they_o have_v a_o engine_n make_v of_o a_o cows-horn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o hole_n where_o they_o place_v the_o vessel_n that_o hold_v the_o tobacco_n the_o vessel_n be_v common_o make_v of_o wood_n pretty_a wide_a and_o indifferent_o deep_a which_o when_o they_o have_v fill_v with_o tobacco_n they_o put_v water_n into_o the_o horn_n to_o temper_v the_o smoke_n they_o common_o light_v their_o pipe_n with_o a_o firebrand_n suck_v the_o smoke_n through_o the_o horn_n with_o so_o much_o greediness_n that_o they_o empty_v the_o pipe_n at_o two_o or_o three_o suck_v when_o they_o whiff_n it_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n their_o rise_v such_o a_o cloud_n that_o it_o hide_v both_o their_o face_n and_o the_o standard_n by_o be_v debar_v from_o the_o constant_a use_n of_o it_o they_o fall_v down_o drink_v and_o insensible_a immediate_o after_o for_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n when_o the_o tobacco_n have_v have_v its_o operation_n they_o leap_v up_o in_o a_o instant_n more_o brisk_a and_o lively_a than_o before_o when_o their_o first_o discourse_n common_o tend_v to_o the_o praise_n of_o tobacco_n and_o especial_o of_o its_o noble_a quality_n in_o purge_v the_o head_n for_o the_o rest_n resolute_a the_o muscovite_n be_v hardy_a and_o resolute_a the_o muscovite_n be_v from_o their_o infancy_n inure_v to_o all_o sort_n of_o hardship_n their_o child_n be_v seldom_o suckle_v above_o two_o or_o three_o month_n and_o this_o with_o the_o coldness_n of_o their_o climate_n and_o their_o spare_a diet_n make_v they_o very_o fit_a to_o endure_v the_o fatigue_n of_o war_n be_v especial_o very_o resolute_a in_o defend_v of_o place_n which_o they_o will_v maintain_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v here_o for_o a_o instance_n the_o siege_n of_o noteburgh_n where_o the_o garrison_n be_v reduce_v to_o two_o man_n before_o they_o will_v hearken_v to_o a_o capitulation_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1579_o garrison_n good_a soldier_n in_o garrison_n when_o the_o pole_n have_v besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o svikols_n fortify_v after_o the_o russian_a fashion_n with_o wooden_a fortification_n as_o they_o be_v give_v the_o assault_n have_v set_v it_o on_o fire_n yet_o the_o muscovite_n make_v good_a the_o breach_n and_o be_v see_v to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n when_o their_o clothes_n be_v on_o fire_n another_o example_n of_o their_o resolution_n may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o paedis_fw-la in_o livonia_n where_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o such_o extremity_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n before_o they_o will_v capitulate_v that_o they_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o stand_v upon_o their_o leg_n or_o to_o be_v upon_o their_o duty_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o meet_v the_o swede_n at_o the_o gate_n when_o they_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o place_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o they_o have_v seldom_o have_v any_o great_a advantage_n against_o the_o pole_n or_o swede_n in_o the_o field_n but_o the_o most_o understanding_n in_o martial_a affair_n have_v attribute_v it_o more_o to_o the_o defect_n of_o their_o officer_n than_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o soldier_n the_o first_o being_n not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o swede_n neither_o for_o experience_n or_o conduct_v as_o it_o happen_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n where_o the_o muscovite_n receive_v that_o disgrace_n if_o not_o by_o the_o treachery_n at_o least_o by_o the_o ill_a conduct_n of_o their_o general_n it_o have_v questionless_a be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n pass_v and_o do_v to_o this_o day_n employ_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a officer_n in_o their_o army_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o since_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v embrace_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n they_o may_v prove_v more_o formidable_a in_o battle_n than_o they_o have_v do_v hitherto_o they_o be_v very_o good_a at_o keep_v secret_n especialâ—y_o in_o what_o relate_v to_o their_o own_o affair_n or_o the_o public_a in_o which_o respect_n they_o be_v so_o over-jealous_a that_o they_o will_v scarce_o allow_v any_o stranger_n to_o cast_v his_o eye_n upon_o any_o strong-hold_a though_o of_o very_o small_a consequence_n and_o scarce_o worth_a take_a notice_n of_o much_o less_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v easy_a in_o inform_v they_o in_o any_o thing_n though_o of_o never_o so_o lâ—ttle_a moment_n which_o make_v it_o very_o difficult_a for_o stranger_n to_o be_v true_o inform_v of_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o country_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o a_o very_a long_a conversation_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o score_n that_o all_o stranger_n at_o their_o first_o arrival_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n except_o such_o as_o bear_v a_o public_a character_n be_v oblige_v to_o pass_v their_o examination_n in_o the_o chancery_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o several_a register_n who_o after_o have_v ask_v they_o as_o many_o question_n as_o they_o think_v convenient_a put_v down_o in_o write_v their_o deposition_n the_o muscovite_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v great_a gamester_n at_o chess_n as_o any_o be_v in_o the_o world_n and_o many_o among_o they_o will_v take_v now_o and_o then_o a_o turn_v at_o dice_n they_o be_v of_o late_a year_n become_v very_o industrious_a in_o their_o way_n of_o trading_n questionless_a by_o their_o frequent_a commerce_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o dutch_a the_o last_o of_o which_o they_o strive_v to_o imitate_v not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o several_a other_o matter_n the_o muscovite_n be_v more_o ingenious_a at_o imitate_v than_o invent_v the_o woman_n in_o muscovy_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a respect_n for_o their_o husband_n 〈…〉_o of_o 〈…〉_o they_o live_v exceed_o retire_v and_o very_o seldom_o appear_v in_o public_a virgin_n if_o they_o be_v of_o any_o quality_n live_v under_o as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o restraint_n than_o the_o woman_n for_o beside_o that_o they_o be_v very_o seldom_o allow_v to_o go_v abroad_o when_o they_o do_v they_o be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o veil_n to_o prevent_v their_o be_v see_v so_o that_o
solemnity_n they_o celebrate_v their_o new-years-day_n new-years-day_n their_o new-years-day_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o september_n they_o have_v no_o other_o epache_n but_o that_o of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v before_o this_o procession_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o castle_n where_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o people_n be_v permit_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o benediction_n give_v they_o by_o the_o patriarch_n he_o attend_v by_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o priest_n carrying_z banner_n image_n cross_n and_o book_n come_v out_o of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o court_n of_o the_o castle_n while_o the_o great_a duke_n with_o his_o knez_n bojare_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o his_o court_n come_v out_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o same_o court_n the_o grand_a duke_n with_o his_o cap_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o the_o patriarch_n with_o his_o mitre_n on_o his_o head_n and_o a_o cross_n beset_v with_o diamond_n a_o foot_n long_o in_o his_o hand_n advance_v to_o one_o another_o the_o patriarch_n present_v the_o cross_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n to_o kiss_v which_o he_o have_v do_v with_o a_o most_o profound_a respect_n the_o patriarch_n give_v his_o benediction_n first_o to_o the_o czar_n and_o afterward_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n there_o present_a wish_v they_o all_o prosperity_n in_o the_o new_a year_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v their_o image_n image_n their_o image_n they_o suffer_v not_o any_o that_o be_v carve_v or_o grave_v either_o in_o their_o church_n or_o house_n because_o say_v they_o these_o be_v forbid_v in_o the_o decalogue_n but_o their_o image_n be_v paint_v with_o oil_n upon_o wood._n the_o best_a of_o all_o be_v that_o they_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o paint_v by_o foreigner_n though_o do_v by_o the_o great_a master_n of_o europe_n but_o they_o must_v be_v paint_v by_o one_o of_o their_o own_o religion_n so_o that_o for_o colour_n paint_v and_o proportion_n they_o be_v the_o most_o wretched_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o not_o quite_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n a_o certain_a street_n appoint_v for_o the_o sale_n of_o these_o image_n though_o a_o muscovite_n will_v never_o own_v to_o have_v buy_v his_o saint_n for_o which_o reason_n when_o any_o one_o of_o they_o have_v choose_v a_o image_n in_o the_o god-market_n he_o deposit_o money_n for_o the_o exchange_n of_o it_o if_o the_o saint-maker_n think_v it_o not_o sufficient_a he_o shove_v it_o back_o and_o the_o other_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o add_v more_o to_o it_o till_o both_o party_n be_v content_v they_o will_v own_v that_o during_o the_o first_o century_n even_o till_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a image_n be_v not_o use_v in_o the_o church_n or_o if_o they_o be_v no_o worship_n be_v pay_v they_o they_o allege_v that_o they_o follow_v in_o this_o point_n the_o authority_n and_o opinion_n of_o john_n damascene_fw-la though_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a they_o have_v take_v they_o from_o the_o greek_a church_n the_o wall_n of_o their_o church_n be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o their_o house_n every_o family_n have_v its_o saint_n with_o a_o small_a wax-candle_n before_o it_o which_o they_o light_v when_o they_o pay_v their_o devotion_n over_o the_o porch_n of_o their_o church_n in_o the_o market-place_n and_o over_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o city_n you_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o the_o picture_n of_o some_o saint_n or_o another_o but_o especial_o with_o that_o of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o st._n nicholas_n the_o patron_n of_o muscovy_n these_o image_n the_o muscovite_n respect_n saint_n their_o adoration_n of_o saint_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o thing_n so_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o without_o they_o they_o can_v not_o perform_v their_o devotion_n as_o often_o as_o they_o address_v their_o prayer_n to_o they_o they_o set_v wax_v candle_n before_o that_o saint_n to_o who_o they_o intend_v to_o make_v their_o address_n and_o after_o they_o have_v make_v most_o profound_a inclination_n with_o their_o head_n they_o frequent_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n with_o three_o finger_n of_o their_o right_a hand_n touch_v first_o the_o forehead_n next_o the_o breast_n last_o the_o right_a shoulder_n and_o the_o leave_v after_o that_o they_o conceive_v in_o this_o way_n of_o cross_v themselves_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o mystery_n for_o they_o say_v the_o three_o finger_n signify_v the_o trinity_n by_o their_o put_v they_o to_o their_o forehead_n they_o will_v show_v that_o christ_n be_v ascend_v into_o heaven_n by_o cross_v the_o breast_n that_o god_n ought_v to_o be_v reverence_v and_o love_v with_o all_o our_o heart_n but_o as_o to_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n from_o the_o right_a shoulder_n to_o the_o left_a they_o intend_v to_o signify_v the_o day_n of_o judgement_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n shall_v place_v the_o righteous_a on_o his_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v call_v to_o eternal_a salvation_n and_o the_o wicked_a on_o the_o left_a to_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o abyss_n of_o hell_n if_o they_o pass_v by_o any_o of_o their_o image_n in_o the_o street_n they_o make_v a_o stand_n for_o a_o while_n before_o they_o till_o they_o have_v make_v their_o reverence_n four_o or_o five_o time_n one_o after_o another_o which_o be_v do_v by_o cross_v themselves_o and_o pronounce_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n their_o gospodi_fw-la pomilui_fw-la or_o god_n have_v mercy_n upon_o i_o they_o address_v themselves_o with_o the_o same_o veneration_n to_o such_o cross_n as_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o way_n cross_n their_o cross_n where_o they_o be_v frequent_o observe_v to_o stop_v and_o repeat_v the_o same_o ejaculation_n the_o first_o nay_o the_o only_a thing_n parent_n teach_v their_o child_n be_v to_o make_v their_o reverence_n and_o inclination_n to_o the_o image_n to_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o to_o say_v the_o gospodi_fw-la pomilui_fw-la or_o god_n have_v mercy_n upon_o i_o the_o muscovite_n do_v it_o undertake_v any_o thing_n nor_o eat_v nor_o drink_v or_o whatever_o else_o it_o may_v be_v without_o make_v first_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n which_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o introduction_n to_o all_o the_o civil_a action_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o tutelar_a saint_n of_o private_a house_n have_v common_o their_o station_n assign_v they_o in_o a_o corner_n behind_o the_o table_n whenever_o a_o muscovite_n come_v into_o a_o house_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v to_o go_v straightway_o to_o the_o saint_n of_o the_o house_n if_o he_o can_v find_v he_o he_o ask_v jest_n le_fw-fr boch_n or_o where_o be_v the_o god_n after_o he_o have_v find_v he_o out_o he_o pay_v his_o reverence_n to_o he_o say_v his_o gospodi_fw-la pomilui_fw-la or_o lord_n have_v mercy_n upon_o i_o and_o then_o turn_v about_o and_o salute_v the_o company_n if_o they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o merry_a turn_n with_o a_o woman_n in_o the_o room_n where_o the_o saint_n be_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o cover_v he_o first_o perhaps_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v tell_v tale_n they_o will_v not_o allow_v stranger_n to_o touch_v they_o or_o for_o any_o body_n to_o sleep_v in_o the_o same_o room_n with_o their_o foot_n towards_o they_o nay_o some_o be_v so_o nice_a as_o to_o purify_v the_o chamber_n with_o incense_n if_o any_o stranger_n of_o another_o religion_n have_v lodge_v in_o it_o they_o will_v hold_v their_o image_n to_o the_o fire_n believe_v they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o extinguish_v it_o if_o they_o please_v the_o swedish_n soldier_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1610._o have_v take_v and_o burn_v the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n when_o they_o see_v the_o inhabitant_n present_v their_o image_n to_o stay_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v convince_v of_o their_o fondness_n to_o they_o and_o not_o find_v any_o thing_n else_o in_o their_o house_n worth_a take_n carry_v away_o their_o image_n which_o the_o muscovite_n afterward_o redeem_v at_o a_o very_a good_a rate_n in_o time_n of_o fire_n they_o strive_v before_o all_o other_o thing_n to_o save_v their_o image_n but_o if_o they_o or_o a_o church_n happen_v to_o be_v burn_v they_o will_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o great_a disgrace_n to_o say_v the_o saint_n or_o church_n be_v burn_v but_o they_o say_v they_o be_v ascend_v when_o the_o image_n be_v become_v obliterate_v or_o rot_v they_o either_o bury_v it_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ceremony_n or_o else_o which_o be_v the_o general_a way_n throw_v it_o into_o some_o river_n and_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o chance_n
as_o big_a and_o somewhat_o thick_a than_o a_o crown_n piece_n and_o have_v in_o the_o middle_a the_o sign_n of_o the_o crucifix_n this_o figure_n after_o it_o be_v consecrate_a the_o priest_n take_v off_o with_o a_o instrument_n not_o unlike_o a_o launcet_n and_o put_v it_o up_o in_o a_o wooden_a box_n hang_v above_o the_o altar_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o rat_n and_o mouse_n if_o a_o sick_a person_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o communion_n they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o it_o upon_o which_o they_o put_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o red_a wine_n and_o a_o little_a water_n in_o the_o chalice_n which_o they_o give_v to_o the_o sick_a person_n with_o a_o spoon_n if_o the_o sick_a person_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o swallow_v the_o bread_n they_o give_v he_o only_o a_o little_a wine_n in_o the_o ordinary_a administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o consecrate_a bread_n but_o not_o big_a than_o half_a a_o crown_n from_o which_o they_o also_o take_v the_o crucifix_n and_o break_v it_o into_o as_o many_o piece_n as_o there_o be_v communicant_n which_o they_o cast_v into_o red_a wine_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o a_o little_a warm_a water_n and_o so_o administer_v with_o a_o spoon_n what_o remain_v of_o the_o bread_n after_o consecration_n be_v call_v kutja_n or_o holy_a bread_n of_o which_o the_o priest_n give_v a_o morsel_n to_o each_o of_o those_o who_o have_v communicate_v the_o week_n before_o at_o the_o administer_a of_o the_o sacrament_n the_o priest_n say_v these_o word_n this_o be_v the_o true_a body_n and_o the_o true_a blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n which_o have_v be_v give_v for_o thou_o and_o for_o many_o more_o for_o the_o remission_n of_o thy_o sin_n which_o thou_o shall_v take_v in_o remembrance_n of_o he_o god_n bless_v thou_o there_o have_v be_v some_o who_o from_o these_o word_n have_v draw_v this_o inference_n as_o if_o the_o muscovite_n believe_v transubstantiation_n against_o which_o several_a pregnant_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o the_o contrary_n for_o if_o you_o discourse_v the_o muscovite_n concern_v the_o consequence_n of_o that_o belief_n they_o will_v not_o refuse_v to_o own_v it_o irrational_a nay_o absurd_a and_o ridiculous_a neither_o do_v they_o call_v to_o their_o aid_n as_o the_o roman_a catholic_n do_v god_n omnipotency_n beside_o that_o they_o dont_fw-fr pay_v adoration_n to_o this_o mystery_n which_o doubtless_o they_o will_v do_v in_o a_o religion_n so_o zealous_a and_o superstitious_a as_o they_o be_v they_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o to_o this_o point_n with_o the_o roman_a catholic_n sick_a child_n though_o never_o so_o young_a receive_v the_o communion_n but_o in_o one_o kind_n till_o they_o be_v seven_o year_n old_a when_o they_o communicate_v like_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v before_o they_o do_v not_o refuse_v the_o communion_n to_o madman_n but_o they_o only_o touch_v their_o lip_n with_o the_o bread_n dip_v before_o in_o the_o wine_n a_o woman_n in_o childbed_n be_v not_o to_o communicate_v in_o the_o same_o room_n where_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n but_o must_v be_v first_o wash_v and_o carry_v into_o another_o place_n those_o that_o have_v commit_v murder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v communicate_v but_o at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n if_o those_o that_o lie_v in_o extremity_n be_v to_o be_v communicate_v they_o give_v they_o first_o some_o water_n or_o aquavitae_n wherein_o some_o relic_n have_v be_v put_v than_o they_o receive_v the_o communion_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o extreme_a unction_n which_o do_v they_o be_v to_o take_v nothing_o else_o nor_o any_o nourishment_n unless_o there_o be_v very_o apparent_a sign_n of_o their_o amendment_n there_o be_v some_o among_o the_o muscovite_n who_o at_o the_o last_o extremity_n cause_n themselves_o to_o be_v shave_n and_o become_v real_a monk_n this_o once_o do_v they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n for_o a_o week_n after_o be_v persuade_v that_o they_o be_v no_o more_o man_n but_o become_v angel_n and_o if_o they_o happen_v after_o these_o eight_o day_n of_o abstinence_n to_o recover_v their_o health_n they_o must_v go_v into_o a_o monastery_n because_o the_o razor_n have_v pass_v upon_o their_o head_n former_o they_o use_v to_o send_v the_o consecrate_a bread_n to_o those_o place_n in_o the_o country_n that_o be_v destitute_a of_o priest_n they_o use_v also_o to_o give_v it_o to_o traveller_n to_o reserve_v it_o for_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n but_o this_o custom_n be_v now_o quite_o abolish_v in_o muscovy_n the_o ecclesiastical_a government_n of_o muscovy_n consist_v of_o a_o patriarch_n hierarchy_n their_o hierarchy_n who_o reside_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n four_o metropolitan_o seven_o archbishop_n and_o one_o bishop_n beside_o the_o arch-deacon_n protopopes_n and_n priest_n the_o four_o metropolitan_o be_v those_o of_o novogorodskoi_n and_o welikoluskoi_n who_o reside_v at_o novogorod_n of_o rostoufskoi_n and_o harostauskoi_n who_o have_v his_o residence_n at_o rostoâ—_n of_o casanskoi_n and_o sunatskoi_n at_o casan_n and_o that_o of_o sarskoi_fw-fr and_o pondoskoi_n who_o live_v within_o the_o castle_n at_o musco_n the_o seven_o archbishop_n be_v those_o of_o wologdskoi_n and_o weliko_n premskoi_n who_o have_v his_o seat_n at_o wologda_n of_o resanskoi_n and_o moromskoi_n who_o live_v at_o resan_n of_o susdalskoi_n and_o turruskoi_n who_o have_v his_o residence_n at_o susdal_n of_o twerskoi_n and_o cassinskoi_n at_o it_o be_v of_o sibirskoi_n and_o tobolskoi_n at_o toboleska_n of_o astrachanschoi_n and_o terskoi_n who_o reside_v at_o astrachan_n of_o pleskouskoi_n and_o sborskoi_n who_o live_v at_o pleskou_n there_o be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o all_o muscovy_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o comenskoi_fw-fr and_o cassieskoi_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o the_o city_n of_o columna_fw-la the_o patriarch_n have_v always_o about_o he_o a_o archdeacon_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o vicar-general_n he_o have_v also_o a_o proto-deacon_n reside_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o sabor_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n be_v distinguish_v into_o protopopes_n and_o pope_n or_o priest_n those_o that_o attend_v at_o church_n toll_v the_o bell_n and_o do_v other_o inferior_a office_n be_v call_v pangamari_n the_o patriarch_n of_o muscovy_n have_v the_o same_o if_o not_o a_o great_a authority_n as_o the_o pope_n have_v in_o the_o latin_a church_n for_o he_o in_o a_o manner_n divide_v the_o sovereignty_n with_o the_o great_a duke_n he_o be_v the_o supreme_a head_n and_o judge_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o such_o be_v his_o power_n in_o all_o matter_n that_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o their_o religion_n that_o he_o reform_v whatever_o he_o think_v prejudicial_a to_o this_o religion_n or_o good_a manner_n without_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o their_o great_a duke_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o his_o order_n must_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o czar_n command_n the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n have_v heretofore_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o muscovy_n till_o in_o process_n of_o time_n he_o have_v only_o the_o confirmation_n and_o in_o this_o age_n he_o have_v lose_v both_o at_o present_a the_o patriarch_n of_o muscovy_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n and_o the_o other_o prelate_n the_o latter_a meet_v in_o the_o great_a church_n within_o the_o castle_n call_v sabor_n where_o have_v nominate_v two_o or_o three_o prelate_n the_o most_o eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o other_o good_a qualility_n they_o present_v they_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n who_o after_o a_o conference_n with_o these_o prelate_n proceed_v joint_o with_o they_o to_o a_o election_n if_o it_o happen_v that_o those_o propose_v for_o the_o election_n be_v equal_o eminent_a for_o their_o learning_n and_o piety_n it_o be_v with_o the_o grand_a duke_n approbation_n sometime_o decide_v by_o lot_n the_o patriarch_n not_o their_o prelate_n marry_v not_o metropolitan_n archbishop_n and_o the_o bishop_n in_o muscovy_n be_v not_o to_o marry_v but_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o that_o dignity_n for_o the_o prelate_n as_o well_o as_o the_o priest_n be_v allow_v here_o to_o quit_v their_o order_n whenever_o they_o think_v it_o convenient_a they_o must_v not_o wear_v ring_n on_o their_o finger_n they_o wear_v neither_o drawer_n nor_o shirt_n of_o linen_n cloth_n but_o of_o flannel_n neither_o do_v they_o make_v use_n of_o bed_n the_o ordinary_a habit_n of_o the_o patriarch_n habit_n their_o habit_n metropolitan_n archbishop_n bishop_n and_o even_o of_o their_o monk_n be_v very_o near_o the_o same_o they_o wear_v a_o black_a cassock_n and_o over_o that_o a_o upper_a garment_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o wear_v by_o the_o other_o muscovite_n their_o hood_n be_v at_o least_o a_o ell_n and_o a_o half_a
little_a daughter_n and_o son_n who_o have_v be_v force_v to_o be_v the_o mournful_a spectator_n of_o their_o dear_a mother_n misery_n the_o first_o be_v send_v into_o a_o nunnery_n the_o last_o condemn_v to_o a_o perpetual_a punishment_n the_o chancellor_n widow_n be_v also_o force_v to_o embrace_v the_o monastic_a life_n and_o his_o son_n send_v prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o bielâ—jezoro_n which_o lie_v in_o one_o of_o the_o northern_a and_o most_o unfrequented_a province_n of_o muscovy_n some_o day_n after_o this_o slaughter_n about_o fourscore_o of_o the_o wife_n and_o daughter_n of_o these_o two_o hundred_o noble_n he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v butcher_v before_o his_o face_n where_o drag_v by_o the_o hair_n to_o the_o river_n side_n where_o they_o be_v all_o drown_v about_o the_o same_o time_n one_o of_o his_o secretary_n have_v be_v present_v with_o a_o pike_n by_o a_o certain_a countryman_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o it_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o lake_n where_o as_o he_o say_v he_o may_v have_v fish_n enough_o since_o he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o lover_n of_o they_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v by_o a_o stratagem_n surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o borsko_n take_v the_o governor_n and_o his_o lady_n prisoner_n who_o be_v afterward_o exchange_v with_o some_o pole_n return_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v but_o the_o great_a duke_n order_v three_o gibbot_n to_o be_v erect_v on_o which_o the_o governor_n and_o two_o more_o of_o his_o chief_a officer_n be_v fasten_v with_o a_o rope_n about_o their_o waste_v the_o tyrant_n and_o his_o son_n shoot_v their_o arrow_n at_o they_o till_o they_o be_v kill_v tell_v they_o ever_o now_o and_o than_o thus_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v defend_v your_o cause_n his_o own_o brother_n though_o he_o have_v live_v all_o along_o with_o the_o great_a circumspection_n in_o the_o world_n for_o fear_v of_o give_v any_o occasion_n of_o jealousy_n to_o the_o tyrant_n yet_o can_v not_o escape_v his_o hand_n for_o under_o pretence_n that_o one_o of_o his_o bojare_n call_v trzeriack_n wiskonati_n have_v give_v information_n against_o he_o he_o cause_v he_o without_o be_v hear_v to_o be_v torture_v in_o the_o most_o violent_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v invent_v and_o thus_o have_v force_v he_o to_o make_v a_o confession_n where_o his_o treasure_n be_v hide_v his_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lady_n who_o all_o this_o while_n lie_v prostrate_a at_o the_o tyrant_n foot_n and_o in_o vain_a be_v implore_v his_o clemency_n but_o instead_o of_o lend_v a_o favourable_a ear_n to_o her_o just_a petition_n she_o be_v strip_v stark_o naked_a expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n and_o afterward_o drag_v to_o the_o river_n and_o drown_v it_o use_v to_o be_v a_o common_a custom_n with_o he_o to_o make_v lady_n of_o the_o great_a quality_n to_o stand_v naked_a before_o he_o and_o if_o he_o take_v any_o like_n to_o they_o after_o he_o have_v abuse_v they_o himself_o to_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o afterward_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v hang_v at_o their_o own_o door_n where_o the_o husband_n be_v to_o go_v out_o and_o in_o perhaps_o for_o three_o or_o four_o week_n till_o the_o tyrant_n be_v please_v to_o order_v the_o dead_a body_n to_o be_v remove_v he_o be_v something_o more_o favourable_a to_o a_o certain_a merry_a crew_n of_o english_a and_o other_o woman_n foreigner_n who_o have_v as_o it_o seem_v laugh_v at_o some_o of_o his_o prank_n which_o he_o use_v to_o play_v aâ—_n certain_a time_n when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o good_a humour_n which_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o be_v all_o send_v for_o to_o the_o palace_n where_o after_o they_o be_v all_o strip_v stark_o naked_a in_o a_o very_a large_a room_n he_o command_v several_a bushel_n of_o pease_n to_o be_v throw_v down_o before_o they_o which_o he_o make_v they_o pick_v up_o when_o he_o have_v do_v he_o treat_v they_o with_o some_o wine_n and_o bid_v they_o to_o take_v heed_n for_o the_o future_a how_o they_o make_v sport_n with_o so_o great_a a_o emperor_n perhaps_o have_v be_v use_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o muscovian_a lady_n he_o take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o see_v how_o far_o the_o foreign_a woman_n differ_v in_o shape_n from_o his_o own_o country-lady_n after_o he_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n thus_o either_o ruin_v or_o quite_o destroy_v all_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o muscovy_n he_o turn_v his_o fury_n against_o the_o polish_v and_o lithuanian_a captive_n of_o who_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n some_o of_o these_o be_v slay_v by_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o rest_n to_o the_o number_n of_o some_o thousand_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n be_v by_o his_o order_n cut_v in_o piece_n or_o throw_v into_o the_o river_n his_o cruelty_n exercise_v against_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o novogorod_n plescoâ—_n and_o it_o be_v be_v the_o most_o barbarous_a in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o history_n of_o the_o barbarity_n commit_v in_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o description_n of_o that_o city_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v superfluous_a to_o give_v a_o further_a account_n of_o they_o here_o we_o will_v only_o add_v thus_o much_o that_o as_o he_o exceed_v all_o the_o tyrant_n that_o ever_o be_v infamous_a for_o their_o cruelty_n so_o it_o be_v he_o that_o perfect_v the_o work_n begin_v by_o his_o grandfather_n to_o wit_n by_o suppress_v the_o ancient_a nobility_n to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n which_o when_o he_o have_v obtain_v he_o grow_v also_o insupportable_a to_o sovereign_a prince_n how_o he_o treat_v the_o polish_v and_o lithuanian_a captive_n we_o have_v relate_v before_o and_o his_o ambition_n be_v unmeasurable_a he_o give_v a_o proof_n of_o it_o to_o a_o french_a ambassador_n who_o have_v put_v on_o his_o hat_n in_o his_o presence_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v nail_v to_o his_o head_n sir_n jerom_n bow_v have_v not_o long_o after_o be_v send_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n as_o ambassador_z to_o he_o he_o not_o only_o put_v on_o his_o hat_n but_o also_o cock_v it_o before_o he_o at_o which_o boldness_n the_o tyrant_n be_v somewhat_o startle_v ask_v he_o whether_o he_o be_v ignorant_a how_o he_o have_v serve_v the_o french_a ambassador_n untâ—_n which_o sir_n jerom_n reply_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o two_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o know_v who_o he_o represent_v that_o he_o serve_v a_o queen_n who_o know_v how_o to_o revenge_v any_o affront_n put_v upon_o her_o minister_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v displease_v with_o this_o bold_a answer_n that_o ever_o after_o he_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o he_o tell_v his_o bojare_n that_o he_o question_v whether_o among_o they_o all_o there_o be_v one_o that_o dare_v do_v so_o much_o for_o he_o it_o be_v in_o his_o reign_n that_o the_o english_a settle_v first_o their_o trade_n in_o russia_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o archangel_n he_o have_v three_o son_n of_o which_o the_o elder_a be_v strike_v by_o his_o father_n one_o time_n with_o a_o stick_n die_v with_o grief_n or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o by_o his_o father_n lance_n the_o two_o other_o be_v fedor_n or_o theodor_n and_o demetrius_n the_o elder_a of_o which_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o empire_n he_o reign_v nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1584._o in_o the_o fifty_o six_o year_n of_o his_o age_n belove_v by_o few_o but_o dread_v both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o and_o may_v have_v be_v count_v one_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n that_o ever_o sit_v upon_o the_o russian_a throne_n if_o by_o his_o most_o barbarous_a cruelty_n he_o have_v not_o deface_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o great_a action_n and_o have_v draw_v upon_o his_o family_n the_o vengeance_n of_o god_n which_o be_v very_o conspicuous_a in_o those_o revolution_n which_o after_o his_o death_n happen_v in_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n which_o as_o they_o be_v the_o most_o surprise_v in_o the_o world_n so_o we_o intend_v to_o give_v a_o most_o exact_a account_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o succeed_a reign_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n in_o england_n in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o this_o treatise_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o a._n roper_n at_o the_o black_a boy_n against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1697._o a_o true_a history_n of_o the_o several_a design_n and_o conspiracy_n against_o his_o majesty_n sacred_a person_n and_o government_n as_o they_o be_v continual_o carry_v on_o from_o 1688_o
expedition_n and_o the_o duke_n wisnowiski_n have_v also_o public_o declare_v for_o demetrius_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o muscovy_n be_v encourage_v by_o his_o example_n espouse_v this_o interest_n be_v strengthen_v by_o these_o and_o other_o force_n which_o be_v in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n raise_v for_o his_o service_n he_o march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o into_o muscovy_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o winter_n where_o be_v join_v by_o a_o body_n of_o cosack_n of_o 10000_o man_n under_o their_o general_n corclos_n who_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o great_a promise_n into_o his_o service_n muscovy_n demetrius_n enter_v muscovy_n by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o the_o old_a monk_n it_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o his_o army_n have_v pass_v the_o boristhenes_n at_o kiovia_n they_o advance_v without_o any_o opposition_n to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o eringow_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o summon_v surrender_v to_o demetrius_n the_o city_n of_o puttiwoll_n one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o most_o populous_a in_o those_o part_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o eringow_n the_o garrison_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o cosack_n refuse_v to_o fight_v against_o their_o brethren_n the_o other_o place_n of_o less_o note_n tread_v the_o footstep_n of_o the_o other_o and_o put_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n so_o that_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v deep_o into_o the_o country_n his_o army_n be_v considerable_o augment_v by_o such_o as_o flock_v in_o to_o he_o from_o all_o the_o adjacent_a city_n of_o which_o none_o attempt_v to_o make_v the_o least_o resistance_n except_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n sevieâ—â—ki_n which_o he_o besiege_v and_o attack_v with_o all_o the_o vigour_n imaginable_a the_o czar_n boris_n goudenou_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o have_v not_o be_v careless_a of_o his_o affair_n but_o have_v order_v considerable_a levy_n to_o be_v make_v before_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o receive_v advice_n of_o the_o most_o stupendous_a progress_n of_o demetrius_n he_o publish_v his_o declaration_n wherein_o he_o promise_v indemnity_n to_o all_o such_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o will_v abandon_v the_o party_n of_o this_o impostor_n and_o return_v to_o their_o duty_n with_o most_o severe_a commination_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v persist_v in_o their_o treasonable_a design_n against_o their_o sovereign_n in_o aid_v and_o assist_v the_o pretend_a demetrius_n he_o send_v also_o a_o solemn_a embassy_n to_o sigismond_n than_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v immediate_o demand_v and_o obtain_v audience_n make_v most_o heavy_a complaint_n that_o the_o truce_n which_o be_v so_o late_o make_v betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n for_o twenty_o year_n be_v violate_v by_o the_o pole_n who_o without_o the_o least_o reason_n give_v have_v invade_v the_o czar_n territory_n take_v his_o town_n and_o ravage_v the_o country_n that_o he_o hope_v the_o king_n will_v take_v better_a measure_n and_o not_o pursue_v a_o war_n that_o be_v found_v upon_o nothing_o but_o a_o unjust_a pretence_n but_o recall_v his_o troop_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n employ_v to_o maintain_v the_o pretension_n of_o a_o vile_a impostor_n against_o one_o of_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n in_o europe_n who_o if_o provoke_v will_v not_o want_v mean_n to_o give_v himself_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o damage_n and_o affront_v receive_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n neither_o be_v he_o spare_v in_o his_o promise_n by_o which_o and_o the_o great_a present_v he_o make_v to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a minister_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o court_n he_o hope_v to_o obtain_v what_o all_o his_o remonstrance_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v but_o in_o vain_a for_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o demetrius_n as_o the_o true_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o upon_o the_o affair_n of_o boris_n as_o in_o a_o decline_a condition_n or_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o jesuit_n who_o have_v espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o first_o have_v make_v they_o deaf_a to_o all_o these_o application_n the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v back_o with_o this_o general_a answer_n that_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o concern_v in_o what_o be_v transact_v in_o muscovy_n and_o that_o if_o demetrius_n who_o be_v a_o muscovite_n bear_v have_v obtain_v the_o assistance_n of_o some_o polish_v volunteer_n to_o maintain_v his_o pretension_n against_o the_o czar_n boris_n goudenou_n this_o can_v not_o be_v interpret_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n which_o on_o their_o side_n they_o will_v observe_v inviolable_o boris_n have_v miss_v his_o aim_n in_o poland_n dispatch_v a_o messenger_n to_o the_o camp_n of_o demetrius_n to_o try_v once_o more_o his_o fortune_n and_o to_o endeavour_v to_o undeceive_v the_o wayvode_n of_o sendomiria_n and_o wisnowiski_n concern_v the_o fallacy_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o counterfeit_n demetrius_n for_o this_o end_n have_v find_v out_o one_o of_o his_o uncle_n in_o muscovy_n who_o name_n be_v smyrna_n otropeja_n and_o judge_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o if_o he_o can_v be_v confront_v with_o grisko_n otropeja_n his_o nephew_n his_o confession_n will_v be_v of_o the_o great_a consequence_n towards_o the_o detect_n of_o this_o imposture_n he_o send_v he_o along_o with_o the_o messenger_n but_o whether_o the_o wayvode_n look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o contrivance_n of_o boris_n goudenou_n invent_v on_o purpose_n to_o blast_v the_o reputation_n of_o demetrius_n and_o to_o ward_v the_o blow_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v his_o ruin_n or_o that_o he_o think_v himself_o engage_v past_o retreat_v the_o uncle_n smyrna_n otropeja_n be_v forbid_v under_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o approach_v the_o camp_n and_o the_o messenger_n send_v back_o with_o scorn_n and_o indignation_n boris_n goudenou_n find_v all_o other_o mean_v to_o fail_v have_v recourse_n to_o arm_n and_o order_v his_o army_n which_o consist_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n most_o of_o they_o veterate_a soldier_n to_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o novogorod_n sevierski_n which_o defend_v itself_o brave_o against_o the_o pole_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o governor_n bosman_n demetrius_n though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n be_v not_o much_o above_o twenty_o thousand_o but_o all_o choose_a man_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o muscovite_n army_n leave_v the_o siege_n of_o novogorod_n post_v himself_o as_o advantageous_o as_o he_o can_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o muscovite_n to_o facilitate_v the_o passage_n of_o such_o officer_n in_o the_o army_n of_o boris_n goudenou_n as_o be_v corrupt_v before_o have_v promise_v to_o come_v over_o with_o their_o soldier_n to_o his_o party_n but_o these_o see_v the_o great_a disproportion_n there_o be_v betwixt_o the_o number_n of_o these_o two_o army_n either_o quite_o change_v their_o resolution_n or_o at_o least_o think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o delay_v the_o execution_n of_o it_o till_o a_o more_o favourable_a juncture_n demetrius_z therefore_o find_v himself_o in_o a_o post_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v not_o retreat_v without_o fight_v be_v force_v to_o put_v the_o best_a countenance_n he_o can_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o have_v nothing_o to_o trust_v to_o but_o their_o own_o courage_n the_o pole_n fight_v so_o brave_o that_o they_o not_o only_o repulse_v the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v over_o confident_a in_o their_o number_n attack_v they_o with_o more_o fury_n than_o skill_n but_o also_o charge_v they_o at_o several_a time_n with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o the_o victory_n remain_v doubtful_a for_o several_a hour_n till_o at_o last_o the_o muscovite_n be_v continual_o sustain_v by_o fresh_a troop_n and_o the_o pole_n quite_o tire_v by_o the_o long_a fatigue_n of_o the_o day_n be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n more_o to_o the_o number_n than_o the_o bravery_n of_o their_o enemy_n rout_z demetrius_z rout_z who_o at_o last_o entire_o rout_v they_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o their_o side_n kill_v 9000_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o spot_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o cannon_n and_o baggage_n if_o the_o muscovite_n have_v be_v as_o careful_a in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o demetrius_n as_o they_o be_v fortunate_a in_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o have_v send_v their_o horse_n of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o considerable_a number_n immediate_o after_o to_o disperse_v such_o of_o the_o polish_v troop_n as_o be_v retreat_v in_o several_a body_n towards_o ribscum_n they_o may_v without_o question_n have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o war_n at_o this_o one_o stroke_n or_o at_o least_o have_v drive_v he_o quite_o out_o of_o muscovy_n but_o instead_o of_o pursue_v their_o advantage_n they_o besiege_v krom_n which_o defend_v
the_o prudence_n of_o his_o mother_n who_o have_v put_v another_o in_o his_o stead_n the_o people_n absolute_o rely_v upon_o what_o they_o have_v understand_v from_o a_o person_n of_o so_o eminent_a a_o rank_n and_o who_o himself_o in_o person_n have_v be_v employ_v by_o boris_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o funeral_n of_o demetrius_n 〈◊〉_d musco_n declare_v for_o 〈◊〉_d and_o dread_v beside_o this_o a_o potent_a army_n so_o near_o their_o gate_n cry_v out_o with_o one_o voice_n long_o live_v demetrius_n great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n of_o russia_n come_v let_v we_o destroy_v that_o viperous_a brood_n of_o the_o goudenou_n their_o word_n be_v soon_o second_v with_o blow_n for_o have_v soon_o force_v some_o of_o fedor_n guard_n that_o be_v come_v to_o appease_v the_o tumult_n to_o retire_v they_o go_v streightways_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o sacrifice_v all_o to_o their_o fury_n that_o oppose_v their_o passage_n they_o enter_v the_o royal_a palace_n where_o they_o massacre_v most_o of_o the_o friend_n and_o relation_n of_o boris_n the_o rest_n they_o strip_v stark_o naked_a and_o shut_v they_o up_o in_o a_o fort_n within_o the_o castle_n man_n woman_n and_o child_n without_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n where_o they_o perish_v in_o a_o most_o miserable_a manner_n either_o by_o cold_a or_o famine_n none_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o boris_n escape_v their_o fury_n except_o the_o great_a duke_n fedor_n the_o empress_n regent_n and_o her_o daughter_n who_o be_v preserve_v not_o out_o of_o any_o esteem_n for_o their_o dignity_n or_o person_n but_o wherewith_o to_o purchase_v their_o pardon_n from_o demetrius_n the_o empress_n dowager_n be_v a_o lady_n of_o a_o masculine_a spirit_n and_o undaunted_a courage_n who_o when_o she_o reflect_v upon_o the_o barbarity_n commit_v against_o the_o whole_a family_n of_o her_o decease_a lord_n be_v soon_o convince_v that_o she_o and_o her_o child_n be_v only_o reserve_v for_o to_o adorn_v the_o triumph_n of_o demâ—trius_n and_o to_o serve_v as_o a_o pledge_n of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o these_o barbarous_a wretch_n who_o be_v void_a of_o all_o humanity_n have_v make_v such_o bloody_a return_v to_o thâ—_n family_n of_o he_o from_o who_o hand_n they_o have_v receive_v so_o many_o signal_n benefit_n she_o have_v therefore_o prepare_v a_o cup_n fill_v with_o strong_a poison_n and_o propose_v no_o less_o to_o herself_o and_o she_o two_o dear_a child_n than_o the_o most_o ignominious_a death_n that_o can_v be_v invent_v by_o the_o enrage_a conqueror_n with_o a_o most_o heroic_a constancy_n come_v say_v she_o come_v the_o dear_a pledge_n of_o your_o father_n love_n come_v once_o my_o great_a joy_n but_o now_o my_o high_a griâ—f_n let_v we_o not_o linger_v out_o for_o a_o few_o day_n a_o miserable_a life_n by_o a_o more_o miserable_a delay_n till_o the_o tyrant_n have_v find_v the_o way_n to_o destroy_v we_o more_o ignominious_o let_v we_o by_o our_o own_o choice_n accelerate_v that_o fatal_a separation_n which_o be_v prepare_v for_o we_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o our_o merciless_a enemy_n she_o have_v no_o soon_o speak_v these_o last_o woâ—ds_v but_o she_o take_v the_o cup_n and_o have_v take_v a_o good_a draught_n of_o this_o poisonous_a potion_n she_o force_v her_o child_n to_o take_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o fatal_a liquor_n empress_n the_o death_n of_o fedor_n and_o the_o empress_n and_o then_o grasp_a they_o both_o in_o her_o arm_n they_o thus_o expire_v in_o their_o mutual_a embrace_n after_o the_o young_a fedor_n have_v sit_v scarce_o two_o month_n upon_o the_o throne_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o princess_n only_o poison_v herself_o but_o be_v preserve_v by_o demetrius_n order_n to_o satisfy_v his_o lust_n be_v afterward_o by_o his_o secret_a order_n strangle_v with_o both_o her_o child_n and_o that_o it_o be_v only_o give_v out_o they_o have_v poison_v themselves_o but_o the_o first_o relation_n seem_v the_o most_o probable_a this_o beforementioned_a tragedy_n have_v be_v act_v on_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1605_o several_a day_n before_o demetrius_n come_v into_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n whilst_o the_o populacy_n exercise_v their_o barbarity_n upon_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o goudenou_n demetrius_n have_v be_v advertise_v of_o what_o have_v pass_v in_o the_o city_n by_o their_o deputy_n who_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o receive_v he_o he_o order_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v prepare_v for_o his_o reception_n against_o the_o 20_o of_o june_n when_o he_o be_v meet_v at_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o city_n not_o only_o by_o the_o magistrate_n but_o also_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n on_o horseback_n emperouâ—_n demetrius_n proclaim_v emperouâ—_n and_o have_v thus_o make_v his_o solemn_a entrance_n through_o the_o crowd_n and_o acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o be_v proclaim_v emperor_n of_o all_o russia_n he_o take_v up_o his_o residence_n the_o same_o night_n in_o the_o royal_a palace_n this_o solemn_a entrance_n into_o the_o city_n be_v not_o long_o after_o follow_v by_o his_o coronation_n which_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o usual_a solemnity_n towards_o the_o laâ—ter_a end_n of_o the_o next_o follow_v month_n with_o the_o loud_a and_o joyful_a acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n long_o live_v demetrius_n god_n save_v our_o great_a duke_n may_v all_o his_o enemy_n perish_v but_o demetrius_n who_o have_v now_o assume_v the_o surname_n of_o ivanovit_n from_o his_o pretend_a father_n the_o great_a duke_n ivan_n or_o joâ—n_n basilovit_n judge_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o scarce_o any_o thing_n will_v contribute_v more_o at_o this_o time_n to_o strengthen_v his_o title_n and_o put_v his_o birth_n beyond_o all_o question_n than_o if_o he_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o true_a demetrius_n who_o have_v be_v murder_v at_o vgletz_n he_o send_v to_o her_o a_o messenger_n with_o secret_a dispatch_n to_o the_o monastery_n where_o she_o have_v be_v shut_v up_o for_o seven_o year_n last_o pass_v invite_v she_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o the_o royal_a palace_n she_z who_o see_v herself_o thus_o at_o once_o free_v from_o so_o long_a a_o confinement_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n put_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o revenge_v herself_o of_o the_o barbarity_n commit_v against_o her_o family_n by_o the_o treachery_n of_o boris_n goudenou_n accept_v these_o offer_n without_o the_o least_o reluctancy_n as_o she_o be_v approach_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n with_o a_o most_o magnificent_a train_n demetrius_z her_o pretend_a son_n meet_v she_o at_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o espy_v the_o coach_n wherein_o she_o be_v dismount_v and_o come_v up_o to_o salute_v she_o on_o foot_n and_o bareheaded_a at_o their_o meeting_n after_o the_o most_o tender_a expression_n he_o show_v she_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o respect_n due_a from_o a_o son_n to_o his_o mother_n in_o a_o private_a condition_n and_o as_o he_o reverence_v she_o with_o a_o more_o than_o filial_a duty_n so_o she_o receive_v he_o with_o all_o possible_a demonstration_n of_o a_o most_o tender_a and_o sincere_a affection_n their_o mutual_a caress_n and_o embrace_n be_v accompany_v with_o tear_n she_o urge_v he_o several_a time_n to_o come_v into_o her_o coach_n which_o he_o as_o often_o refuse_v and_o will_v walk_v by_o on_o foot_n and_o bareheaded_a till_o the_o empress_n tell_v he_o that_o she_o will_v do_v the_o same_o if_o he_o do_v not_o gratify_v she_o in_o her_o request_n with_o much_o ado_n persuade_v he_o to_o remount_v his_o horse_n thus_o have_v conduct_v she_o to_o the_o palace_n they_o renew_v their_o former_a tenderness_n by_o embrace_v and_o all_o the_o most_o sincere_a demonstration_n of_o mutual_a satisfaction_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o world_n appear_v to_o the_o people_n the_o most_o evident_a proof_n that_o can_v be_v give_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o his_o birth_n as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o public_a confession_n of_o the_o same_o peâ—son_n that_o bear_v he_o so_o that_o the_o russian_n seem_v so_o general_o satisfy_v concern_v the_o reality_n of_o his_o extraction_n that_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n it_o be_v put_v beyond_o all_o question_n but_o demetrius_n have_v not_o many_o month_n enjoy_v the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n before_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v always_o entertain_v some_o jealousy_n concern_v the_o legality_n of_o his_o title_n and_o extraction_n begin_v to_o perceive_v his_o manner_n of_o life_n to_o be_v far_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n his_o predecessor_n some_o of_o the_o most_o refine_a among_o they_o discern_v in_o his_o
they_o to_o swear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o demâ—trius_n with_o a_o solemn_a promise_v not_o to_o lay_v down_o 〈◊〉_d arm_n till_o they_o have_v be_v revenge_v of_o that_o bloody_a usurper_n basilizuski_a and_o restore_v demetrius_n to_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o new_a emperor_n be_v not_o a_o little_a alarm_v at_o so_o unexpected_a and_o unwelcome_a a_o piece_n of_o news_n â—â—â—trians_n zuski_n rout_v by_o the_o â—â—â—trians_n but_o believe_v it_o most_o for_o his_o purpose_n to_o quench_v the_o fire_n in_o the_o ash_n before_o it_o shall_v break_v out_o into_o a_o flame_n he_o march_v with_o what_o troop_n he_o can_v get_v together_o in_o haste_n towards_o the_o enemy_n but_o these_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n reinforce_v by_o a_o considerable_a body_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o certain_a muscovian_a lord_n who_o name_n be_v isthoma_n they_o charge_v zuski_n who_o be_v at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o troop_n with_o so_o much_o fury_n that_o they_o put_v he_o entire_o to_o the_o rout_n and_o remain_v thus_o master_n of_o the_o field_n pursue_v he_o so_o close_o that_o with_o much_o ado_n he_o escape_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o he_o be_v block_v up_o by_o the_o enemy_n who_o fortify_v their_o camp_n within_o a_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o have_v not_o be_v idle_a but_o have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o considerable_a party_n in_o muscovy_n have_v declare_v for_o demetrius_n they_o be_v overjoy_v to_o have_v find_v so_o â—avourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o muscovite_n the_o deâ—th_n of_o their_o countryman_n massacre_v in_o their_o quarter_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o maintain_v a_o correspondency_n with_o schacopski_n who_o they_o inform_v that_o they_o have_v find_v out_o a_o certain_a gentleman_n in_o poland_n not_o unlike_a in_o his_o person_n to_o demetrius_n who_o intend_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o considerable_a army_n in_o muscovy_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o they_o have_v get_v together_o a_o body_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o cosack_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o john_n polutnich_n who_o be_v send_v by_o this_o new_a demetrius_n to_o reinforce_v the_o army_n that_o lie_v encamp_v near_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v by_o his_o special_a commission_n constitute_v general_n over_o all_o his_o force_n this_o polutnich_n be_v a_o muscovite_n by_o birth_n and_o now_o a_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n he_o have_v be_v breed_v among_o the_o tartar_n and_o serve_v his_o apprenticeship_n in_o arm_n among_o the_o cosack_n where_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o famous_a for_o his_o extraordinary_a achievement_n till_o at_o last_o he_o be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n and_o make_v a_o galley_n slave_n but_o by_o good_a fortune_n rescue_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o thence_o he_o take_v his_o way_n through_o poland_n where_o have_v meet_v with_o this_o new_a demetrius_n he_o obtain_v of_o he_o the_o command_n over_o his_o whole_a army_n polutnich_n therefore_o have_v pursuant_n to_o his_o commission_n join_v the_o force_n before_o musco_n show_v his_o order_n to_o isthoma_n who_o be_v force_v to_o obey_v but_o be_v extreme_o disgu_v at_o the_o affront_v put_v upon_o he_o to_o see_v himself_o thus_o neglect_v and_o another_o to_o reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o victory_n he_o with_o ten_o thousand_o man_n who_o he_o have_v debauch_v before_o and_o bring_v over_o to_o his_o party_n go_v over_o to_o zuski_n who_o receive_v he_o no_o less_o than_o his_o tutelar_a angel_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v for_o his_o present_a deliverance_n especial_o when_o he_o assure_v both_o he_o and_o the_o people_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o man_n as_o demetrius_n at_o puttiwoll_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v only_o a_o contrivance_n of_o schacopski_n who_o by_o these_o intrigue_n intend_v to_o make_v himself_o the_o more_o considerable_a the_o whole_a city_n be_v not_o a_o little_a overjoy_v at_o these_o comfortable_a tiding_n the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o nobility_n send_v their_o deputy_n into_o the_o camp_n to_o polutnich_n the_o first_o desire_v that_o they_o may_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o presence_n of_o demetrius_n their_o prince_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o prostrate_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n and_o to_o beg_v pardon_n for_o their_o past_a offence_n those_o of_o the_o nobility_n represent_v to_o the_o general_n how_o miserable_o he_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o schacopski_n that_o the_o true_a demetrius_n who_o interest_n he_o have_v espouse_v be_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o great_a many_o thousand_o slay_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o therefore_o whoever_o since_o have_v assume_v his_o name_n and_o counterfeit_v his_o person_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o impostor_n from_o who_o he_o can_v expect_v neither_o honour_n nor_o profit_n that_o therefore_o he_o will_v be_v much_o better_o advise_v to_o leave_v his_o party_n and_o to_o spare_v the_o effusion_n of_o christian_a blood_n by_o acknowledge_v zuski_n for_o the_o lawful_a sovereign_n of_o muscovy_n who_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o heap_v upon_o he_o such_o honour_n and_o dignity_n as_o shall_v be_v suitable_a to_o his_o merit_n polutnich_n answer_v like_o a_o man_n of_o honour_n that_o he_o be_v sorry_a to_o understand_v that_o they_o take_v he_o to_o be_v like_o isthoma_n a_o traitor_n both_o to_o his_o master_n and_o country_n that_o they_o do_v he_o wrong_v in_o entertain_v so_o mean_a a_o opinion_n of_o he_o that_o though_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n he_o will_v never_o give_v demetrius_n the_o least_o occasion_n of_o repent_v himself_o of_o the_o trust_v he_o have_v put_v in_o he_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v certain_o in_o poland_n where_o he_o have_v see_v and_o speak_v with_o he_o and_o have_v from_o his_o own_o hand_n receive_v this_o commission_n of_o be_v general_n of_o this_o army_n that_o if_o they_o be_v so_o near_o touch_v as_o they_o pretend_v in_o their_o conscience_n with_o the_o effusion_n of_o humane_a blood_n the_o best_a way_n to_o prevent_v it_o will_v be_v to_o return_v to_o their_o true_a allegiance_n and_o pay_v to_o their_o lawful_a prince_n due_a obedience_n and_o as_o a_o pledge_n of_o their_o future_a fidelity_n and_o of_o their_o remorse_n for_o what_o be_v past_a to_o deliver_v up_o into_o his_o hand_n the_o usurper_n of_o his_o crown_n that_o this_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n leave_v they_o to_o prevent_v these_o evil_n which_o they_o dread_v and_o by_o which_o they_o may_v hope_v to_o deserve_v their_o pardon_n and_o to_o secure_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n from_o destruction_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o musco_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a satisfy_v with_o polutnich_n answer_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o isthoma_n before_o to_o wit_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o man_n as_o demetrius_n either_o in_o the_o camp_n or_o any_o where_o else_o and_o encourage_v by_o the_o late_a defection_n of_o isthoma_n they_o resolve_v unanimous_o to_o stand_v by_o zuski_n and_o not_o to_o hearken_v to_o any_o further_a imposition_n but_o to_o treat_v polutnich_n as_o a_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n pursuant_n to_o this_o resolution_n most_o of_o the_o young_a man_n inhabit_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n be_v put_v in_o arm_n and_o be_v join_v with_o such_o regulate_v troop_n as_o be_v bring_v over_o by_o isthoma_n they_o make_v a_o furious_a sally_n with_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n and_o attacking_z the_o demetrian_a general_n on_o all_o side_n in_o his_o entrenchment_n force_v he_o to_o retreat_v to_o catuga_n zuski_n after_o a_o few_o day_n spend_v in_o model_v his_o army_n march_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o close_o besiege_v schacopski_n who_o so_o brave_o defend_v himself_o against_o the_o muscovite_n that_o he_o force_v they_o to_o abandon_v the_o enterprise_n and_o march_v back_o to_o musco_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o thousand_o of_o their_o best_a men._n some_o time_n be_v bestow_v in_o raise_v the_o necessary_a recruit_n so_o that_o polutnich_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n have_v recover_v breath_n see_v himself_o once_o more_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o appear_v with_o a_o considerable_a body_n in_o the_o field_n which_o have_v afresh_o alarm_v the_o great_a duke_n he_o march_v once_o more_o against_o they_o with_o a_o very_a formidable_a army_n the_o demetrian_o though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n be_v as_o forward_o as_o they_o to_o come_v to_o blow_n both_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n in_o a_o great_a plain_n not_o many_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n of_o thula_n and_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o engage_v
bravery_n have_v once_o more_o the_o impudence_n to_o look_v they_o in_o the_o face_n hurry_v on_o by_o their_o ill_a destiny_n to_o receive_v the_o reward_n of_o their_o treachery_n from_o their_o hand_n that_o the_o rest_n be_v pole_n the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o their_o country_n and_o religion_n unto_o who_o must_v be_v ascribe_v all_o the_o evil_n and_o mischief_n which_o have_v befall_v their_o empire_n for_o these_o several_a year_n last_o pass_v that_o this_o insolent_a nation_n not_o be_v content_v to_o have_v once_o before_o involve_v their_o country_n in_o blood_n and_o confusion_n by_o set_v up_o a_o impostor_n instead_o of_o the_o true_a demetrius_n slay_v at_o ugletz_n be_v now_o upon_o the_o point_n of_o impose_v upon_o they_o a_o second_o in_o order_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n at_o their_o pleasure_n to_o enslave_v their_o country_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o true_a ancient_a greek_a religion_n he_o represent_v to_o they_o how_o inglorious_a nay_o ignominious_a it_o will_v be_v to_o the_o whole_a russian_a nation_n who_o have_v extend_v their_o conquest_n over_o most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o receive_v law_n from_o the_o pole_n who_o have_v conspire_v their_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v nothing_o but_o misery_n from_o their_o mortal_a enemy_n they_o must_v look_v for_o their_o deliverance_n in_o their_o own_o courage_n with_o a_o resolution_n not_o to_o outlive_v that_o day_n which_o if_o lose_v will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o the_o glory_n purchase_v by_o their_o ancestor_n to_o their_o own_o felicity_n and_o that_o of_o all_o their_o posterity_n rosinski_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o demetrian_a general_n be_v not_o want_v to_o inflame_v the_o courage_n of_o his_o soldier_n by_o represent_v to_o they_o that_o the_o muscovite_n which_o they_o see_v before_o they_o be_v the_o remnant_n of_o those_o who_o they_o have_v so_o often_o beat_v with_o a_o much_o less_o number_n witness_v their_o late_a engagement_n with_o misinowski_n who_o to_o their_o eternal_a glory_n they_o have_v drive_v from_o his_o advantageous_a post_n notwithstanding_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o number_n that_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v startle_v at_o their_o enemy_n who_o though_o much_o more_o numerous_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o undisciplined_a rabble_n terrible_a only_o in_o outward_a appearance_n the_o rest_n who_o so_o late_o have_v experience_n of_o their_o invincible_a courage_n scarce_o dare_v to_o look_v their_o conqueror_n in_o the_o face_n he_o desire_v they_o to_o remember_v the_o slaughter_n of_o that_o countryman_n in_o cold_a blood_n against_o all_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n by_o that_o very_o same_o rabble_n who_o they_o be_v now_o go_v to_o engage_v that_o their_o blood_n cry_v for_o vengeance_n they_o have_v now_o the_o fair_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n to_o take_v the_o most_o ample_a satisfaction_n from_o those_o barbarous_a wretch_n and_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o their_o cruelty_n he_o conclude_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o conquest_n of_o whole_a muscovy_n depend_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o their_o sword_n and_o that_o one_o day_n labour_n will_v put_v they_o into_o possession_n of_o a_o vast_a empire_n and_o all_o the_o riches_n and_o treasure_n of_o their_o enemy_n be_v the_o reward_n of_o the_o victory_n rosinski_n find_v a_o great_a eagerness_n in_o his_o soldier_n to_o engage_v lead_v they_o on_o straight_o to_o the_o enemy_n who_o they_o attack_v with_o a_o unparalleled_a bravery_n and_o force_v they_o several_a time_n to_o shrink_v before_o the_o dare_a pole_n but_o be_v continual_o reâ—â—forced_v with_o fresh_a supply_n they_o maintain_v theâ—_n ground_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o bravery_n of_o the_o demetrian_o so_o that_o the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n remain_v doubtful_a for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o day_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o zaporius_n do_v some_o year_n before_o when_o he_o fight_v hodwen_n the_o borisian_a general_n have_v place_v all_o their_o boy_n and_o other_o attendant_n belong_v to_o the_o baggage_n with_o some_o soldier_n enough_o to_o make_v up_o a_o front_n at_o some_o distance_n behind_o the_o line_n of_o battle_n these_o upon_o a_o signal_n agree_v betwixt_o they_o advance_v during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o battle_n with_o their_o colour_n fly_v drum_n beat_v and_z trumpets_z sounding_z which_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v already_o scarce_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o pole_n have_v perceive_v and_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o body_n of_o reserve_n come_v to_o attack_v they_o afresh_o they_o begin_v to_o give_v ground_n which_o the_o polish_v horse_n be_v sensible_a of_o they_o renew_v the_o charge_n with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o in_o less_o than_o a_o hour_n time_n they_o force_v the_o muscovian_a cavalry_n to_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n rout_v zuski_n army_n entire_o rout_v the_o infantry_n be_v thus_o expose_v both_o in_o front_n and_o flank_n be_v soon_o put_v to_o a_o entire_a rout_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n be_v bereave_v of_o their_o horse_n to_o cover_v their_o retreat_n so_o that_o out_o of_o this_o vast_a army_n there_o be_v not_o five_o hundred_o left_a that_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o a_o body_n except_o five_o thousand_o who_o save_v themselves_o in_o the_o city_n of_o belchow_n but_o be_v in_o a_o few_o day_n after_o force_a to_o surrender_v at_o discretion_n to_o demetrius_n who_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o error_n as_o zuski_n do_v before_o with_o the_o cosack_n take_v they_o into_o pay_n and_o receive_v the_o same_o reward_n from_o their_o hand_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o demetrius_n be_v by_o so_o signal_n a_o victory_n become_v master_n of_o the_o field_n and_o the_o whole_a camp_n cannon_n and_o baggage_n of_o the_o enemy_n what_o wonder_n if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a place_n follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o conqueror_n unto_o who_o they_o open_v their_o gate_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n unless_o it_o be_v moâ—â—â—sko_n and_o two_o or_o three_o more_o who_o have_v courage_n enough_o to_o make_v some_o show_n of_o resistance_n but_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o victorious_a army_n surrender_v also_o at_o discretion_n have_v thus_o open_v his_o way_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o musco_n he_o direct_v his_o march_n thither_o not_o question_v but_o that_o the_o terror_n of_o his_o last_o victory_n will_v have_v so_o strong_a a_o influence_n over_o the_o dishearten_v citizen_n as_o to_o make_v they_o open_v their_o gate_n at_o his_o first_o arrival_n before_o the_o city_n it_o be_v nâ—_n difficult_a thing_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o army_n on_o which_o seem_v to_o depend_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n must_v needs_o put_v that_o city_n upon_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o conqueror_n into_o such_o a_o consternation_n as_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v express_v but_o beside_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n who_o in_o this_o extremity_n of_o his_o affair_n be_v not_o want_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o inspire_v courage_n into_o his_o deject_a subject_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o resolution_n ofâ—_n the_o citizen_n to_o adhere_v to_o zuski_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n the_o first_o be_v that_o demetrius_n in_o lieu_n of_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n trifle_v aâ—_n way_n his_o time_n in_o the_o more_o northern_a province_n where_o the_o pole_n ramble_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n be_v often_o intercept_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n have_v leisure_n give_v they_o to_o recover_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o first_o fright_v and_o to_o take_v such_o measure_n as_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o their_o affair_n the_o second_o be_v the_o perfidiousness_n of_o these_o five_o thousand_o muscovite_n who_o after_o their_o surrender_n at_o bolchow_n hadâ—_n take_v service_n under_o demetrius_n and_z now_o have_v watch_v their_o opportunity_n leave_v he_o again_o and_o go_v over_o to_o zuski_n unto_o who_o they_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o whole_a condition_n of_o the_o army_n assure_v he_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o near_o so_o formidable_a nor_o numerous_a as_o represent_v to_o they_o by_o fame_n and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n foâ—_n the_o city_n to_o defend_v itself_o against_o they_o till_o beâ—â—â—_n reinforce_v with_o fresh_a supply_n out_o of_o the_o more_o 〈◊〉_d mote_n province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o may_v meet_v with_o a_o more_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o remove_v they_o from_o their_o wall_n this_o relation_n and_o the_o delay_n of_o demetrius_n have_v put_v new_a courage_n
part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o though_o the_o pole_n soon_o rout_v the_o left_a wing_n command_v by_o the_o brother_n of_o zuski_n yet_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o right_o fight_v it_o out_o very_o gallant_o and_o the_o german_n in_o the_o main_a body_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o ground_n full_a of_o shrub_n and_o other_o rubbage_n where_o the_o polish_v horse_n can_v not_o advance_v without_o great_a difficulty_n repulse_v they_o several_a time_n with_o great_a slaughter_n till_o at_o last_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o muscovite_n army_n be_v bring_v first_o into_o confusion_n and_o afterward_o total_o rout_v the_o german_a foot_n see_v themselves_o deprive_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o horse_n rout_v zuski_n rout_v and_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v by_o the_o pole_n give_v the_o signal_n for_o parley_n which_o be_v ready_o grant_v by_o king_n sigismond_n and_o the_o hostage_n interchange_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o enter_v into_o pay_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n shall_v be_v entertain_v by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a station_n the_o rest_n to_o remain_v prisoner_n of_o war._n scarce_o have_v the_o treaty_n be_v sign_v and_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o be_v execute_v when_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_n who_o command_v the_o swedish_n auxiliary_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o german_a foot_n have_v maintain_v their_o ground_n have_v rally_v the_o wing_n that_o be_v break_v before_o return_v to_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n but_o be_v inform_v of_o what_o have_v pass_v he_o entreat_v the_o german_n to_o return_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o horse_n to_o the_o charge_n but_o these_o be_v deaf_a to_o all_o his_o admonition_n and_o persuasion_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o treaty_n so_o late_o make_v with_o the_o pole_n who_o thereupon_o afresh_o attack_v the_o muscovite_n horse_n entire_o rout_v they_o a_o second_o time_n and_o after_o a_o pursuit_n of_o some_o hour_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o their_o camp_n artillery_n and_o baggage_n most_o of_o the_o german_a foot_n have_v take_v service_n under_o king_n sigismond_n time_n the_o zuskians_n rout_v a_o second_o time_n he_o to_o terrify_v the_o garrison_n of_o smolensko_n order_v a_o most_o solemn_a triumph_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o camp_n where_o a_o great_a number_n of_o captive_n colour_n and_o other_o warlike_a ensign_n of_o his_o late_a obtain_a victory_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o muscovite_n within_o the_o city_n unto_o who_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n cause_v to_o represent_v the_o irrecoverable_a loss_n of_o zuski_n and_o his_o party_n after_o so_o signal_n a_o overthrow_n he_o assure_v they_o that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o this_o last_o offer_v the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v they_o of_o deserve_v his_o mercy_n they_o must_v infallible_o expect_v to_o be_v involve_v in_o his_o ruin_n most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n show_v a_o great_a inclination_n to_o a_o surrender_n upon_o such_o honourable_a term_n as_o be_v offer_v by_o king_n sigismond_n but_o sehin_n their_o weywode_n be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o undaunted_a courage_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o any_o proposition_n though_o never_o so_o advantageous_a and_o have_v represent_v to_o they_o that_o their_o condition_n be_v such_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o stop_v the_o career_n of_o the_o victorious_a pole_n and_o to_o their_o eternal_a glory_n to_o deserve_v the_o honour_n of_o have_v uphold_v the_o decline_a fate_n of_o their_o country_n against_o its_o mortal_a enemy_n they_o unanimous_o resolve_v to_o defend_v themselves_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o muscovite_n begin_v to_o feel_v the_o direful_a effect_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o battle_n for_o sapiha_n now_o the_o demetrian_a general_n have_v rout_v the_o muscovian_a tartar_n near_a twitza_n and_o cut_v to_o piece_n another_o considerable_a body_n of_o their_o troop_n at_o borowsko_n king_n sigismond_n have_v get_v notice_n that_o volviowitz_n the_o zuskian_n general_n be_v after_o the_o last_o defeat_n retire_v with_o a_o body_n of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n under_o czarow_n send_v thither_o part_n of_o his_o army_n the_o very_a sight_n of_o which_o so_o terrify_v the_o muscovite_n that_o without_o strike_v one_o blow_n they_o surrender_v to_o the_o conquerour_n discretion_n the_o demetrian_a army_n begin_v to_o approach_v a_o second_o time_n their_o capital_a city_n and_o the_o pole_n have_v detatch_v a_o considerable_a body_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n who_o they_o expect_v to_o see_v every_o day_n at_o their_o gate_n the_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o in_o the_o last_o battle_n they_o have_v lose_v the_o flower_n of_o their_o army_n and_o most_o of_o their_o foreign_a auxiliary_n in_o who_o they_o most_o confide_v the_o german_n have_v take_v service_n among_o the_o pole_n so_o that_o have_v not_o the_o least_o prospect_n of_o repair_v their_o ruin_a troop_n nor_o any_o other_o mean_v leave_v to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o power_n of_o two_o army_n that_o be_v on_o their_o march_n to_o besiege_v they_o more_o close_o than_o ever_o they_o be_v at_o the_o great_a plunge_v how_o to_o extricate_v themselves_o out_o of_o these_o impend_a misery_n after_o various_a debate_n among_o the_o noble_n who_o most_o take_v to_o heart_n the_o present_a miserable_a state_n of_o their_o country_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o same_o state_n policy_n which_o have_v prove_v successful_a to_o their_o affair_n before_o to_o wit_n to_o try_v whether_o by_o raise_v new_a division_n among_o the_o pole_n and_o demetrians_n they_o may_v not_o find_v once_o more_o a_o opportunity_n to_o save_v themselves_o from_o this_o imminent_a danger_n which_o if_o not_o soon_o prevent_v threaten_v their_o infallible_a destruction_n to_o encompass_v this_o design_n it_o be_v propose_v to_o seize_v upon_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n and_o to_o give_v it_o out_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o put_v vladislaus_n the_o son_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n that_o thereby_o they_o shall_v infallible_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n and_o consequent_o rid_v themselves_o of_o a_o vile_a impostor_n who_o very_a name_n be_v become_v odious_a to_o they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n restore_v immediate_o peace_n to_o their_o harrassed_a country_n it_o be_v represent_v that_o though_o they_o ought_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o pole_n as_o their_o most_o dreadful_a and_o mortal_a enemy_n that_o nevertheless_o their_o only_a business_n be_v now_o to_o get_v time_n and_o to_o breathe_v a_o little_a the_o pole_n inveigle_v by_o their_o fair_a promise_n will_v soon_o become_v secure_a and_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o opportunity_n either_o quite_o to_o elude_v the_o election_n of_o vladislaus_n or_o if_o that_o be_v not_o think_v advisable_v they_o may_v find_v sufficient_a mean_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o to_o rid_v their_o hand_n of_o he_o under_o pretence_n of_o his_o childhood_n which_o if_o well_o time_v they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o so_o favourable_a a_o juncture_n to_o endeavour_v to_o return_v their_o government_n into_o its_o ancient_a channel_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o their_o enemy_n and_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o all_o the_o misery_n they_o have_v endure_v of_o late_a this_o design_n lay_v upon_o deep_a reason_n of_o state_n succeed_v at_o last_o according_a to_o their_o expectation_n by_o the_o mismanagement_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v by_o the_o good_a conduct_n of_o the_o muscovite_n not_o long_o after_o oblige_v to_o leave_v that_o empire_n and_o restore_v to_o it_o that_o repose_v which_o with_o vast_a expense_n and_o the_o effusion_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o blood_n they_o have_v rob_v it_o of_o for_o near_o twenty_o year_n before_o the_o muscovian_a boyar_n and_o noble_n have_v thus_o concert_v measure_n among_o themselves_o according_a to_o which_o the_o ruin_n of_o zuski_n be_v resolve_v on_o as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o encompass_v the_o intend_a deliverance_n of_o their_o native_a country_n it_o be_v by_o their_o instigation_n whisper_v about_o among_o the_o populace_n how_o that_o basili_n zuski_n the_o present_a great_a duke_n aught_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o the_o chief_a author_n of_o all_o their_o misfortune_n who_o by_o his_o sorcery_n and_o tyranny_n have_v draw_v down_o upon_o the_o people_n of_o muscovy_n the_o vengeance_n of_o god_n almighty_n and_o that_o by_o his_o miscarriage_n they_o be_v again_o plunge_v into_o these_o misery_n wherewith_o they_o see_v themselves_o environ_v past_o all_o redemption_n unless_o they_o take_v new_a measure_n for_o their_o common_a safety_n zuski_n have_v since_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n render_v his_o government_n
the_o same_o novodorski_n who_o we_o mention_v before_o to_o have_v so_o brave_o attack_v the_o gate_n of_o s._n michael_n have_v not_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n for_o he_o have_v whilst_o they_o be_v engage_v upon_o the_o wall_n find_v mean_n to_o apply_v a_o petard_n at_o a_o certain_a small_a gate_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n he_o open_v a_o sufficient_a passage_n for_o he_o and_o the_o king_n guard_n which_o be_v under_o his_o command_n in_o the_o head_n of_o who_o he_o be_v second_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o lithuania_n dorostanski_n with_o some_o volunteer_n assault_v and_o enter_v the_o place_n and_o have_v slay_v a_o few_o who_o oppose_v their_o entrance_n they_o march_v without_o any_o further_a opposition_n direct_o to_o the_o marketplace_n where_o have_v fix_v their_o banner_n they_o soon_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n for_o the_o garrison_n who_o be_v engage_v with_o those_o upon_o the_o wall_n see_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o city_n and_o infatuate_v with_o fear_n occasion_v by_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o adventure_n throw_v down_o their_o arm_n quit_v their_o station_n and_o leave_v a_o free_a passage_n for_o the_o besieger_n to_o enter_v in_o on_o all_o side_n upon_o they_o storm_n smolenskoâ—aken_v â—aken_z by_o storm_n in_o a_o moment_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o horror_n and_o confusion_n to_o be_v see_v throughout_o the_o city_n for_o the_o pole_n enrage_v at_o the_o long_a resistance_n of_o the_o besiege_a put_v all_o they_o meet_v to_o the_o sword_n man_n woman_n and_o child_n without_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n so_o that_o the_o street_n be_v every_o where_o fill_v with_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o citizen_n run_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n who_o make_v most_o horrible_a outcry_n to_o the_o great_a church_n where_o be_v assault_v by_o the_o pole_n they_o defend_v themselves_o valiant_o for_o some_o time_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v they_o set_v fire_n to_o some_o barrel_n of_o powder_n that_o have_v be_v lay_v up_o there_o and_o thus_o blow_v themselves_o with_o such_o of_o the_o pole_n as_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o air_n choose_v rather_o to_o perish_v by_o this_o furious_a element_n than_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o bloody_a and_o merciless_a enemy_n sehin_n the_o weywode_n or_o governour_n be_v retire_v with_o about_o twenty_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n into_o a_o little_a tower_n upon_o the_o wall_n where_o be_v surround_v and_o attack_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o pole_n they_o defend_v themselves_o like_o lion_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o surrender_v unless_o to_o one_o of_o the_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n the_o governor_n have_v use_v some_o of_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n very_o cruel_o so_o that_o dread_v the_o vengeance_n of_o the_o pole_n if_o he_o shall_v fall_v into_o their_o hand_n he_o be_v resolve_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o surrender_n to_o their_o mercy_n it_o happen_v very_o lucky_o that_o potocki_n a_o general_n officer_n among_o the_o pole_n advance_v near_o that_o way_n who_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o a_o few_o man_n word_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o it_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n who_o refuse_v to_o surrender_v 〈◊〉_d to_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n upon_o which_o he_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o sehin_n with_o his_o comrade_n yield_v themselves_o immediate_o prisoner_n of_o war._n thus_o be_v this_o great_a city_n after_o have_v endure_v a_o siege_n of_o near_o two_o year_n take_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n in_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1611._o the_o honour_n of_o which_o ought_v chief_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n of_o bartholomew_n novodorski_n knight_n of_o maltha_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n who_o by_o his_o timely_a open_v a_o passage_n with_o his_o petard_n be_v the_o main_a instrument_n of_o the_o gain_v of_o the_o place_n without_o which_o that_o attempt_n of_o seal_v the_o wall_n will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v prove_v unsuccessful_a or_o at_o least_o will_v not_o have_v be_v effect_v without_o the_o slaughter_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o besieger_n whereas_o it_o be_v now_o purchase_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o few_o among_o the_o pole_n the_o place_n be_v thus_o secure_v strict_a order_n be_v send_v throughout_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n to_o give_v quarter_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v the_o pillage_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o soldier_n as_o the_o reward_n of_o their_o past_a fatigue_n and_o danger_n but_o the_o soldier_n especial_o the_o german_n and_o pole_n not_o agree_v about_o the_o distribution_n of_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o come_v to_o blow_n when_o the_o king_n order_v all_o the_o booty_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o one_o place_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o equal_a dividend_n among_o they_o but_o whilst_o they_o be_v busy_a in_o execute_v the_o king_n command_n a_o fire_n happen_v by_o what_o accident_n be_v unknown_a consume_v in_o a_o little_a time_n all_o the_o vast_a wealth_n of_o that_o rich_a city_n and_o burn_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o notwithstanding_o a_o siege_n sustain_v of_o near_o two_o year_n there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o magazine_n provision_n and_o ammunition_n for_o three_o year_n long_o so_o that_o if_o they_o can_v have_v have_v fresh_a supply_n of_o man_n the_o place_n may_v have_v be_v defend_v much_o long_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n which_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n consist_v of_o near_o fourscore_o thousand_o man_n able_a to_o bear_v arm_n be_v reduce_v to_o eight_o or_o nine_o thousand_o who_o nevertheless_o may_v probable_o have_v make_v good_a the_o place_n against_o the_o assailant_n upon_o the_o wall_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v more_o conquer_v by_o their_o own_o fear_n occasion_v by_o the_o sudden_a entrance_n of_o novodorski_n than_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o enemy_n the_o muscovite_n be_v under_o a_o great_a consternation_n after_o the_o take_n of_o smolensko_n who_o expect_v no_o less_o than_o to_o see_v the_o whole_a polish_v army_n in_o a_o little_a time_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n redouble_v their_o fury_n attacking_z the_o polish_v garrison_n in_o the_o castle_n with_o their_o utmost_a vigour_n but_o these_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o success_n of_o their_o king_n dispute_v every_o inch_n of_o ground_n with_o the_o enemy_n who_o notwithstanding_o their_o vast_a number_n be_v not_o able_a to_o drive_v they_o from_o that_o post_n by_o which_o they_o keep_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o country_n sigismond_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v advise_v by_o his_o most_o able_a counselor_n not_o to_o lose_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o victory_n but_o to_o improve_v it_o to_o the_o utmost_a by_o carry_v the_o terror_n of_o his_o victorious_a arm_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n where_o have_v a_o considerable_a party_n even_o among_o the_o russian_n themselves_z the_o reputation_n of_o his_o late_a success_n can_v not_o fail_v to_o produce_v strange_a effect_n among_o the_o muscovite_n to_o his_o advantage_n that_o if_o he_o will_v but_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o his_o subject_n who_o there_o dispute_v his_o interest_n with_o all_o the_o bravery_n imaginable_a it_o be_v very_o probable_a he_o may_v keep_v in_o possession_n of_o that_o great_a city_n which_o if_o once_o in_o his_o power_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n of_o that_o empire_n will_v be_v soon_o compel_v to_o receive_v his_o dictate_v especial_o if_o they_o see_v vladislaus_n their_o great_a duke_n appear_v in_o muscovy_n but_o king_n sigismond_n as_o if_o oversway_v by_o some_o secret_a fatality_n be_v so_o far_o from_o harken_v to_o their_o counsel_n found_v upon_o most_o solid_a reason_n of_o state_n that_o he_o take_v quite_o contrary_a measure_n and_o in_o lieu_n of_o prosecute_a his_o victory_n resolve_v to_o turn_v his_o back_n to_o his_o new_a acquisition_n and_o to_o exchange_v the_o fair_a hope_n of_o gain_v a_o vast_a empire_n with_o the_o vain_a acclamation_n of_o his_o people_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o empty_a noise_n of_o triumph_n which_o â—â—st_n he_o no_o less_o than_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o mâ—scâ—â—iâ—n_a câ—â—â—n_n as_o â—is_n ill_a conduct_n have_v lose_v he_o some_o year_n before_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n of_o sweden_n have_v therefore_o feast_v the_o whole_a army_n for_o three_o day_n to_o make_v in_o some_o measure_n a_o atonement_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o booty_n and_o leave_v a_o body_n of_o troop_n under_o the_o command_n of_o charles_n chodkievitski_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o smolensko_n he_o himself_o return_v into_o poland_n to_o receive_v the_o flattery_n of_o his_o subject_n at_o the_o
who_o be_v design_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n he_o be_v afraid_a that_o if_o he_o shall_v prosecute_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o utmost_a he_o shall_v rob_v his_o friend_n to_o who_o he_o be_v oblige_v for_o his_o advancement_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v deliver_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n sigismond_n so_o that_o be_v content_v with_o have_v enlarge_v the_o polish_v quarter_n and_o chase_v the_o muscovite_n out_o of_o their_o post_n he_o return_v without_o pursuiâ—â—_n the_o enemy_n have_v let_v slip_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o secure_v this_o imperial_a city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a empire_n for_o king_n sigismond_n both_o which_o be_v not_o long_o afâ—er_v lose_v by_o the_o king_n be_v ill_a conduct_n and_o the_o jealousy_n which_o reign_v among_o his_o general_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o relate_v anon_o for_o though_o the_o pole_n flush_v with_o this_o success_n reassume_v new_a courage_n for_o a_o little_a time_n yet_o find_v the_o enemy_n after_o his_o first_o consternation_n be_v over_o to_o attack_v they_o afresh_o with_o more_o vigour_n than_o ever_o and_o by_o degree_n to_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o their_o most_o advance_a post_n and_o that_o they_o have_v but_o little_a hope_n of_o any_o solid_a supply_n out_o of_o poland_n which_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o divert_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o muscovy_n they_o in_o a_o mutinous_a manner_n demand_v their_o pay_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v no_o long_o expose_v themselves_o to_o such_o hazard_n without_o the_o least_o â—opes_n of_o relief_n or_o reward_n gaziowski_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o appease_v the_o tumult_n which_o be_v foment_v by_o the_o division_n among_o the_o chief_a officer_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o letter_n shall_v be_v once_o more_o dispatch_v into_o poland_n by_o a_o trusty_a messenger_n after_o who_o return_n they_o shall_v be_v at_o liberty_n â—o_o dispose_v of_o themselves_o as_o they_o find_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o the_o present_a circumstance_n of_o their_o affair_n according_o asleep_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o king_n sigismond_n write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o polish_v garrison_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n wherein_o have_v represent_v to_o the_o king_n how_o faithful_o they_o have_v serve_v he_o in_o their_o station_n how_o they_o have_v hold_v out_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n against_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o muscovy_n struggle_v with_o famine_n and_o all_o other_o inconvenience_n which_o must_v be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o so_o long_a a_o siege_n they_o find_v themselves_o and_o their_o service_n neglect_v by_o not_o receive_v any_o supply_n of_o man_n or_o money_n that_o their_o condition_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o much_o long_o against_o so_o numerous_a a_o army_n if_o not_o powerful_o assist_v by_o the_o king_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o consult_v their_o own_o safety_n and_o to_o declare_v that_o if_o by_o the_o six_o of_o january_n next_o ensue_v their_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v not_o send_v to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o troop_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n requisite_a to_o enable_v he_o to_o maintain_v his_o just_a claim_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o last_o election_n to_o the_o muscovian_a crown_n they_o be_v unanimous_o resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o castle_n to_o march_v back_o into_o poland_n and_o to_o require_v their_o arrear_n king_n sigismond_n be_v not_o a_o little_a startle_v at_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o soldiery_n in_o musco_n be_v uncertain_a what_o measure_v to_o take_v to_o maintain_v his_o interest_n in_o the_o russian_a empire_n but_o remain_v steadfast_a in_o his_o resolution_n not_o to_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n he_o order_v charles_n chodkievitski_n lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o lithuanian_a army_n to_o march_v with_o some_o thousand_o of_o his_o best_a troop_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o to_o maintain_v the_o castle_n against_o the_o muscovite_n till_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affâ—â—â—s_n at_o home_o shall_v be_v at_o leisure_n to_o march_v the_o next_o spring_n to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o royal_a army_n potocki_n palatine_n of_o braclovia_n be_v at_o that_o time_n commander_n in_o chief_a over_o those_o force_n that_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o â—he_n province_n and_o city_n of_o smolensko_n who_o have_v signalise_v himself_o upon_o several_a occasion_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o place_n and_o be_v a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o gaziowski_n the_o polish_v general_n within_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n look_v with_o a_o very_a ill_a eye_n upon_o this_o advancement_n of_o chodkievitski_n which_o he_o think_v to_o have_v be_v due_a to_o himself_o or_o at_o least_o to_o his_o friend_n gaziowski_n and_o therefore_o resolve_v to_o thwart_v all_o his_o design_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o be_v insinuate_v into_o the_o chief_a officer_n that_o chodkievitski_n be_v send_v with_o a_o army_n out_o of_o poland_n to_o prosecute_v the_o muscovian_a war_n and_o to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n to_o the_o gain_n of_o which_o he_o have_v contribute_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o the_o honour_n and_o reward_n of_o their_o past_a labour_n the_o common_a soldier_n be_v also_o terrify_v with_o his_o severity_n in_o martial_a discipline_n by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o potocki_n emissary_n be_v prepossess_v with_o such_o a_o aversion_n against_o his_o person_n that_o at_o his_o arrival_n they_o refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n neither_o â—ould_v they_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o make_v any_o more_o sally_n which_o the_o muscovite_n improve_n to_o their_o advantage_n straighten_v they_o more_o and_o more_o without_o any_o considerable_a opposition_n the_o time_n be_v thus_o trifle_v away_o in_o contest_v within_o the_o castle_n till_o the_o six_o of_o january_n the_o day_n prefix_v for_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o garrison_n in_o their_o letter_n to_o king_n sigismond_n if_o prince_n vladislaus_n do_v not_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v march_v direct_o into_o poland_n to_o get_v satisfaction_n for_o their_o arrear_n chodkievitski_n with_o all_o the_o head_n officer_n of_o his_o party_n do_v omit_v nothing_o which_o they_o believe_v may_v keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n they_o endeavour_v by_o entreaty_n promise_n and_o threat_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o alter_v or_o at_o least_o to_o defer_v their_o resolution_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o have_v choose_v one_o joseph_n cieclinski_n their_o general_n they_o march_v to_o the_o number_n of_o betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o thousand_o man_n most_o horse_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o have_v open_v their_o passage_n with_o their_o sword_n through_o their_o enemy_n direct_v their_o march_n to_o the_o lesser_a poland_n where_o have_v distribute_v their_o troop_n into_o several_a palatinate_n they_o make_v leopolis_n their_o head_n quarter_n and_o seize_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o king_n be_v domain_o but_o also_o upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o arrear_n there_o be_v however_o a_o body_n of_o four_o thousand_o man_n to_o wit_n that_o command_v by_o sapiha_n leave_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n who_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o to_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n long_o by_o the_o prospect_n of_o great_a advantage_n have_v all_o the_o crown-jewel_n of_o muscovy_n consist_v of_o two_o crown_n of_o gold_n beset_v with_o gem_n two_o sceptre_n with_o diamond_n two_o ducal_z bonnet_n the_o golden_a apple_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n of_o great_a value_n put_v into_o their_o hand_n as_o a_o pledge_n for_o their_o pay_n potocki_n have_v thus_o far_o succeed_v in_o his_o design_n and_o find_v thing_n reduce_v to_o extremity_n by_o his_o contrivance_n he_o think_v it_o now_o fit_a time_n to_o step_v in_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o place_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o considerable_a force_n from_o smolensko_n under_o the_o command_n of_o konickpotski_n a_o creature_n of_o his_o own_o and_o not_o long_o after_o his_o near_a kinsman_n nicholas_n strusius_n with_o part_n of_o the_o garrison_n of_o smolensko_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n they_o enter_v without_o the_o least_o opposition_n through_o that_o pass_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v as_o yet_o maintain_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n and_o those_o within_o be_v reinforce_v and_o encourage_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o number_n of_o fâ—esh_a troop_n may_v without_o all_o 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o have_v maintain_v but_o also_o have_v enlarge_v their_o quarter_n if_o the_o jealousy_n and_o envy_n that_o reign_v among_o the_o officer_n have_v not_o render_v all_o the_o design_n of_o chodkicvitski_n fruitless_a
so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o considerable_a accession_n of_o these_o troop_n the_o muscovite_n find_v mean_n â—o_o pen_v they_o up_o close_a every_o day_n and_o at_o last_o to_o cut_v of_o their_o communication_n with_o the_o country_n by_o perfect_v their_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mâ—sca_n the_o sapihan_n horse_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o man_n see_v themselves_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v enclose_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o relief_n and_o unwilling_a to_o lose_v the_o treasure_n they_o have_v get_v so_o late_o in_o their_o possession_n declare_v unanimous_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o endure_v any_o long_o the_o danger_n and_o fatigue_n of_o a_o close_a siege_n without_o the_o least_o prospect_n of_o success_n on_o their_o side_n and_o that_o they_o will_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o â—he_n rest_n who_o be_v some_o month_n before_o march_v into_o poland_n according_o have_v choose_v one_o john_n zalinski_n their_o commander_n in_o chief_a they_o march_v out_o with_o all_o the_o crown-jewel_n in_o their_o possession_n and_o have_v with_o great_a bravery_n foâ—ced_v the_o enemy_n line_n march_v direct_o into_o lithuania_n set_v up_o their_o head_n quarter_n at_o bresla_n and_o tread_v the_o footstep_n of_o their_o brethren_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n in_o the_o neighbour_a palatinate_n where_o they_o live_v at_o discretion_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v domain_o and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n till_o their_o arrear_n be_v pay_v king_n sigismond_n be_v by_o this_o time_n become_v sensible_a of_o his_o fatal_a error_n in_o not_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n into_o muscovy_n especial_o when_o the_o polish_v nobility_n exasperate_v by_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o confederate_a force_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o lithuania_n begin_v to_o break_v out_o into_o open_a complaint_n charge_v the_o king_n with_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o disorder_n which_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v if_o he_o have_v not_o prefer_v the_o insinuation_n of_o his_o flatter_a courtier_n before_o the_o wholesome_a advice_n of_o his_o senate_n and_o his_o most_o experience_a officer_n to_o repair_v therefore_o if_o possible_a his_o former_a miâ—â—ake_n he_o resolve_v to_o bring_v vladislaus_n thither_o in_o person_n at_o the_o â—â—ad_n of_o a_o good_a army_n and_o have_v assemble_v what_o force_n he_o have_v in_o readiness_n march_v direct_o to_o vilna_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o lithuania_n musco_n siâ—â—â—mund_n march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o musco_n expect_v to_o be_v join_v there_o by_o the_o confederate_a force_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a zeal_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o prince_n vladislaus_n but_o these_o have_v once_o taste_v the_o sweet_n of_o their_o plentiful_a quarter_n and_o have_v yet_o in_o fresh_a remembrance_n their_o late_a fatigue_n sustain_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n be_v not_o for_o change_v their_o present_a plentiful_a condition_n for_o the_o toâ—â—_n and_o chance_n of_o war_n so_o that_o when_o the_o king_n order_v they_o to_o prepare_v for_o the_o march_n they_o unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o stir_v unless_o they_o receive_v full_a satisfaction_n for_o their_o arrear_n the_o king_n though_o disappoint_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o troop_n in_o which_o he_o confide_v most_o have_v receive_v a_o reinforcement_n of_o two_o thousand_o german_a foot_n direct_v his_o march_n towards_o smolensko_n where_o by_o the_o accession_n of_o those_o force_n that_o quarter_v thereabouts_o he_o hope_v to_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o attempt_v the_o relief_n of_o his_o subject_n within_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n but_o the_o same_o evil_a genius_n which_o have_v alienate_v the_o confederate_a force_n from_o his_o service_n do_v follow_v he_o to_o smolensko_n for_o the_o horse_n in_o those_o part_n after_o the_o example_n of_o their_o brethren_n in_o lithuania_n and_o poland_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n till_o their_o arrear_n be_v pay_v they_o king_n sigismond_n want_v money_n to_o satisfy_v their_o demand_n and_o strength_n to_o reduce_v they_o to_o obedience_n be_v fain_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o entreaty_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o of_o their_o arrear_n but_o also_o of_o vast_a reward_n but_o these_o verbal_a temptation_n not_o make_v the_o least_o impression_n upon_o the_o soldier_n the_o king_n declare_v that_o if_o they_o all_o refuse_v to_o follow_v he_o he_o will_v in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o guard_n only_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o muscovy_n some_o of_o the_o horse_n overcome_v with_o shame_n and_o the_o persuasion_n of_o their_o officer_n who_o upbraid_v they_o with_o cowardice_n and_o want_n of_o loyalty_n be_v at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o king_n at_o this_o critical_a juncture_n sigismond_n resolve_v to_o prosecute_v his_o march_n to_o viasna_n midway_n betwixt_o smolensko_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o have_v mention_v here_o a_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o the_o king_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o march_v out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o smolensko_n which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n gate_n the_o same_o be_v interpret_v as_o a_o inauspicious_a omen_n to_o sigismond_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o just_a at_o the_o same_o instant_a as_o he_o be_v to_o go_v through_o the_o abovementioned_a gate_n the_o portcullis_n fall_v down_o and_o stop_v his_o passage_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o â—urn_v back_o and_o take_v another_o way_n to_o viasna_n where_o he_o halt_v expect_v to_o be_v join_v by_o some_o other_o force_n that_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o neighbour_a province_n whilst_o the_o king_n who_o be_v always_o dilatory_a in_o his_o affair_n be_v advance_v with_o slow_a march_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o russian_n have_v press_v on_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n with_o more_o vigour_n than_o before_o and_o have_v perfect_v their_o line_n on_o all_o side_n and_o fortify_v they_o with_o redoubt_n at_o convenient_a distance_n and_o reduce_v the_o pole_n within_o to_o great_a strait_n who_o for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o foot_n be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o maintain_v their_o work_n much_o lest_o to_o hinder_v the_o approache_n of_o the_o enemy_n however_o they_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o foot_n by_o the_o service_n of_o their_o horse_n who_o during_o the_o whole_a summer_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o passage_n be_v fortify_v and_o guard_v by_o the_o muscovite_n at_o several_a time_n break_v through_o their_o line_n and_o bring_v in_o provision_n for_o the_o garrison_n but_o these_o supply_n be_v bring_v in_o so_o small_a quantity_n as_o not_o to_o bear_v any_o proportion_n with_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v at_o last_o reduce_v to_o extreme_a want_n chodkievitski_n resolve_v to_o make_v his_o last_o effort_n and_o to_o try_v whether_o he_o can_v not_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o the_o river_n which_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o before_o bring_v in_o a_o supply_n of_o five_o hundred_o wagon_n lade_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n into_o the_o castle_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v order_v a_o sally_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o all_o the_o foot_n within_o the_o castle_n they_o by_o break_v of_o day_n force_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o muscovite_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n to_o facilitate_v the_o passage_n of_o their_o convoy_n which_o they_o meet_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n but_o they_o advance_v very_o slow_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o wagon_n the_o muscoviteâ—_n have_v sufficient_a leisure_n give_v they_o to_o draw_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o force_n out_o on_o that_o side_n so_o that_o at_o their_o return_n they_o be_v warm_o receive_v by_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o know_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o siege_n to_o depend_v from_o the_o success_n of_o this_o day_n action_n fight_v with_o great_a obstinancy_n the_o polish_v horse_n induce_v by_o the_o same_o motive_n fight_v like_o man_n resolve_v to_o conquer_v or_o to_o die_v and_z notwithstanding_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o their_o number_n have_v bring_v the_o muscovian_a horse_n into_o confusion_n and_o will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v carry_v the_o day_n if_o they_o have_v be_v due_o second_v by_o their_o foot_n command_v by_o strusius_n but_o he_o be_v a_o near_a kinsman_n and_o creature_n of_o potocki_n muscovite_n pole_n beat_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o as_o we_o mention_v before_o look_v with_o a_o ill_a eye_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o chodkievitski_n under_o pretence_n of_o guard_v the_o convoy_n of_o provision_n advance_v so_o slow_o to_o the_o rescue_n of_o the_o horse_n
a_o present_a the_o soon_o make_v their_o own_o peace_n and_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o their_o rebellion_n resolve_v to_o seize_v he_o and_o to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o put_v their_o design_n in_o execution_n when_o he_o mistrust_v the_o matter_n clap_v spur_n to_o his_o horse_n and_o will_v without_o question_n have_v save_v himself_o by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o his_o horse_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v overtake_v by_o a_o arrow_n out_o of_o a_o cosack_v bow_n execute_v be_v take_v and_o execute_v which_o have_v wound_v he_o in_o the_o shoulder_n he_o be_v take_v and_o be_v bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n send_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o he_o be_v hang_v in_o a_o chain_n before_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o that_o city_n the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n have_v consult_v their_o own_o safety_n after_o some_o contest_v among_o the_o noble_n at_o last_o by_o the_o universal_a suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n choose_v michael_n federovit_n the_o fatal_a youth_n so_o much_o fear_v by_o zuski_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o happy_o maintain_v himself_o in_o the_o throne_n and_o restore_v tranquillity_n to_o the_o shatter_v empire_n of_o muscovy_n as_o will_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n iu._n contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o reign_v of_o michael_n federovit_n of_o alexi_n michaelovit_n his_o son_n and_o fedor_n alexiovit_n the_o elder_a brother_n of_o the_o present_a grand_fw-fr czar_n of_o muscovy_n michael_n federovite_n be_v the_o son_n of_o fedor_n nikitis_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o race_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n by_o one_o of_o his_o daughtter_n have_v during_o the_o last_o trouble_n in_o muscovy_n live_v a_o very_a retire_a life_n and_o at_o last_o have_v forsake_v his_o wife_n for_o god_n sakâ—_n as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o muscovy_n embrace_v a_o religious_a life_n and_o soon_o after_o be_v make_v patriarch_n when_o he_o change_v the_o name_n of_o fedor_n into_o philaretes_n his_o son_n be_v scarce_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n when_o he_o be_v crown_v great_a duke_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o with_o one_o of_o the_o diadem_n which_o they_o find_v among_o the_o rapine_n of_o the_o pole_n notwithstanding_o which_o he_o govern_v the_o russian_a empire_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prudence_n take_v the_o advice_n of_o his_o able_a counsellor_n but_o especial_o of_o his_o father_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o any_o moment_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v after_o his_o coronation_n be_v to_o recompense_v the_o service_n of_o prosowecki_n boris_n sicin_n and_o the_o general_n of_o the_o dunensian_a cosack_n who_o have_v not_o only_o signalise_v themselves_o by_o their_o zeal_n in_o drive_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o muscovy_n pole_n truce_n begin_v betwixt_o the_o new_a great_a duke_n and_o the_o pole_n but_o also_o have_v be_v very_o instrumental_a in_o his_o election_n those_o he_o constitute_v general_n of_o his_o army_n and_o by_o their_o valour_n oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o emancipate_v they_o from_o the_o oath_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v swear_v to_o vladislaus_n their_o prince_n who_o be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o this_o new_a great_a duke_n for_o fourteen_o year_n yet_o under_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o pole_n shall_v keep_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n in_o their_o possession_n the_o dukedom_n of_o severia_n zeâ—ikow_n and_o smolensko_n which_o they_o have_v take_v during_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o muscovy_n he_o also_o renew_v the_o ancient_a alliance_n with_o the_o other_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o as_o he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a nature_n so_o by_o the_o mildness_n of_o his_o government_n he_o abolish_v the_o memory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n cruelty_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v the_o muscovite_n never_o enjoy_v a_o more_o peaceable_a and_o happy_a government_n for_o many_o age_n before_o his_o father_n for_o who_o he_o have_v always_o express_v so_o much_o respect_n as_o not_o only_o to_o admit_v he_o to_o all_o public_a audience_n and_o ceremony_n where_o he_o give_v he_o precedence_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1633._o which_o have_v almost_o prove_v fatal_a to_o his_o affair_n by_o the_o unfortunate_a siege_n of_o smolensko_n if_o by_o a_o seasonable_a peace_n he_o have_v not_o prevent_v the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o so_o signal_n a_o disgrace_n for_o the_o truce_n with_o the_o pole_n be_v expire_v some_o year_n before_o and_o michael_n eederovit_n be_v resolve_v to_o remove_v these_o troublesome_a neighbour_n at_o some_o further_a distance_n from_o his_o frontier_n and_o to_o draw_v out_o the_o thorn_n which_o stick_v so_o close_o in_o his_o flesh_n meditate_a the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o have_v bring_v together_o a_o army_n of_o above_o anâ—_n hundred_o thousand_o man_n among_o who_o be_v several_a thousand_o german_n and_o several_a muscovian_a regiment_n exercise_v according_a to_o the_o german_a discipline_n and_o command_v by_o foreign_a officer_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o a_o great_a train_n of_o artillery_n consist_v of_o three_o hundred_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n requisite_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o siege_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o herman_n shein_n a_o polander_n who_o by_o his_o change_a religion_n have_v gain_v he_o the_o affection_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o new_a patriarch_n the_o reduction_n of_o the_o place_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o much_o the_o easy_a in_o that_o the_o city_n be_v encompass_v with_o hill_n and_o only_o one_o single_a wall_n build_v after_o the_o old_a fashion_n without_o any_o outwork_n or_o ditch_n and_o that_o the_o polish_v garrison_n be_v not_o very_o numerous_a smoâ—ensko_n the_o new_a great_a duke_n besieges_fw-fr smoâ—ensko_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v order_v to_o attack_v it_o with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o place_n be_v close_o besiege_v in_o the_o year_n 1633._o the_o german_n soon_o make_v a_o large_a breach_n in_o the_o wall_n on_o their_o side_n and_o be_v resolve_v to_o give_v the_o assault_n which_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o general_n say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o reproach_n to_o the_o whole_a muscovite_n army_n that_o a_o handful_n of_o german_n shall_v carry_v away_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o siege_n but_o these_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o foreign_a officer_n of_o several_a nation_n mount_v the_o breach_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n master_n of_o it_o when_o they_o receive_v positive_a order_n from_o the_o general_n to_o retreat_n and_o that_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n he_o will_v turn_v his_o cannon_n upon_o they_o so_o that_o not_o dare_v to_o make_v any_o further_a attempt_n the_o whole_a army_n continue_v the_o siege_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n worth_n take_v notice_n of_o vladistaus_n the_o new_a king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n leisure_n give_v he_o to_o get_v together_o a_o body_n of_o troop_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o division_n among_o the_o officer_n in_o the_o muscovite_n camp_n or_o invite_v on_o purpose_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o by_o the_o muscovian_a general_n herman_n shein_n march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n be_v surround_v with_o hill_n and_o vast_a wood_n which_o give_v sufficient_a opportunity_n to_o the_o pole_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o few_o avenue_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o muscovian_a camp_n smolensko_n disgrace_n receive_v before_o smolensko_n and_o by_o which_o they_o receive_v their_o provision_n so_o as_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o muscovite_n be_v reduce_v to_o such_o strait_n for_o want_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n that_o the_o general_n to_o prevent_v their_o be_v starve_v be_v force_v to_o capitulate_v with_o the_o pole_n to_o surrender_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o artillery_n at_o discretion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v ransom_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o army_n put_v the_o whole_a empire_n under_o a_o great_a consternation_n and_o thing_n begin_v to_o look_v with_o a_o very_a ill_a face_n especial_o when_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o murmur_v open_o and_o some_o of_o the_o great_a one_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v a_o finger_n in_o the_o treason_n king_n vladislaus_n send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n immediate_o after_o this_o defeat_n of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o by_o his_o insolent_a behaviour_n sufficient_o express_v the_o sense_n the_o pole_n have_v of_o the_o present_a turbulent_a state_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n he_o cause_v the_o muscovite_n pristaf_v to_o alight_v and_o to_o uncover_v themselves_o first_o which_o they_o refuse_v to_o all_o other_o nation_n declare_v public_o that_o he_o be_v not_o come_v there_o to_o do_v the_o muscovite_n any_o honour_n but_o to_o receive_v
to_o dispatch_v she_o with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v send_v his_o son_n tereska_n to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o in_o the_o country_n he_o shut_v his_o wife_n up_o in_o a_o stove_n wife_n burn_v his_o wife_n and_o set_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n which_o consume_v she_o and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a house_n have_v do_v this_o he_o go_v into_o poland_n poland_n retire_v into_o poland_n but_o so_o secret_o that_o it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n that_o he_o have_v be_v consume_v with_o his_o family_n he_o continue_v two_o year_n under_o a_o borrow_a name_n in_o the_o city_n of_o warsaw_n at_o the_o court_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n when_o hear_v that_o a_o muscovite_n ambassador_n be_v on_o his_o way_n to_o that_o court_n and_o not_o think_v himself_o secure_a he_o retire_v to_o chmielniski_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n unto_o who_o have_v represent_v that_o he_o be_v a_o near_a kinsman_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n and_o be_v prosecute_v upon_o that_o score_n by_o the_o present_a czar_n michael_n federovit_n he_o beg_v his_o protection_n and_o be_v receive_v with_o all_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o his_o pretend_a quality_n as_o he_o have_v a_o ready_a wit_n so_o he_o carry_v on_o the_o imposture_n under_o such_o specious_a pretence_n that_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v very_o considerable_a among_o the_o cosack_n who_o flatter_v themselves_o with_o his_o future_a protection_n at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v very_o uneasy_a under_o the_o polish_v government_n the_o muscovite_n have_v by_o this_o time_n get_v some_o scent_n of_o the_o matter_n wherefore_o the_o great_a duke_n send_v one_o of_o his_o gentleman_n usher_n name_v jacob_n koston_n to_o the_o cosack_n general_n with_o a_o offer_n of_o his_o protection_n against_o the_o pole_n and_o to_o demand_v the_o impostor_n timoska_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o muscovian_a poslanick_n and_o guess_v at_o his_o errand_n think_v himself_o no_o long_o safe_a among_o the_o cosack_n who_o he_o fear_v will_v secure_v he_o for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o so_o go_v to_o constantinople_n mahometan_n go_v to_o turkey_n and_o turâ—s_v mahometan_n where_o have_v abjure_v the_o christian_a religion_n he_o embrace_v mahometanism_n and_o be_v circumcise_v he_o propose_v to_o the_o turk_n the_o introduce_v of_o mahometanism_n in_o russia_n if_o by_o their_o assistance_n he_o may_v be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n but_o these_o give_v no_o great_a heed_n to_o his_o proposition_n he_o do_v not_o stay_v long_o there_o but_o take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o be_v transport_v by_o a_o venetian_a vessel_n into_o italy_n catholic_n come_v to_o rome_n and_o turn_v roman_a catholic_n from_o venice_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o by_o the_o same_o artifices_fw-la that_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o at_o constantinople_n to_o wit_n by_o promise_v to_o establish_v that_o reâ—gion_n in_o muscovy_n endeavour_v to_o bring_v over_o the_o holy_a father_n into_o his_o interest_n the_o court_n of_o rome_n be_v by_o this_o time_n better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o muscovy_n than_o they_o be_v some_o year_n before_o when_o they_o be_v so_o miserable_o impose_v upon_o by_o demetrius_n and_o know_v that_o empire_n so_o settâ—le_a of_o impostor_n will_v not_o act_v with_o so_o much_o precipitation_n in_o a_o affair_n of_o such_o moment_n but_o resolve_v to_o amuse_v he_o with_o fair_a promise_n till_o they_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v as_o to_o the_o legality_n of_o his_o pretension_n but_o timoska_n either_o judge_v these_o resolution_n too_o slow_a transylvania_n go_v to_o vienna_n and_o from_o thenc_n '_o into_o transylvania_n or_o at_o least_o not_o suitable_a to_o his_o purpose_n go_v thence_o to_o vienna_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o prince_n ragotzi_n in_o transilvania_n this_o prince_n furnish_v he_o with_o letter_n of_o recommendation_n to_o christina_n queâ—n_n of_o sweden_n this_o princess_n find_v he_o a_o person_n of_o great_a dexterity_n and_o a_o considerable_a share_n of_o knowledge_n for_o he_o have_v in_o his_o travel_n attain_v the_o latin_a german_n italian_a and_o turkish_a language_n and_o give_v credit_n to_o what_o he_o have_v relate_v concern_v his_o quality_n sweden_n be_v well_o receive_v by_o christian_a queen_n of_o sweden_n refuse_v to_o appear_v in_o arm_n for_o his_o interest_n but_o allow_v he_o a_o very_a honourable_a subsistance_n so_o that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o every_o body_n and_o treat_v as_o the_o true_a son_n of_o basili_n zuski_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n but_o the_o czar_n regent_n have_v soon_o be_v acquaint_v by_o the_o muscovian_a merchant_n reside_v at_o stockholm_n how_o this_o impostor_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o queen_n send_v the_o same_o poslanick_n who_o have_v see_v he_o before_o with_o chmielniski_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n to_o detect_v the_o fraud_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o desire_v she_o to_o deliver_v this_o villain_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o timoska_n have_v no_o soon_o get_v notice_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o this_o gentleman_n but_o know_v his_o come_n to_o presage_v no_o good_a to_o his_o affair_n get_v away_o without_o take_v his_o leave_n from_o his_o man_n kostka_n constantine_n the_o constant_a companion_n of_o his_o adventure_n who_o be_v carry_v in_o chain_n into_o muscovy_n timoska_n be_v by_o order_n from_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n secure_v at_o reval_n in_o livonia_n who_o intend_v to_o have_v also_o send_v he_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n but_o have_v find_v mean_n to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o prison_n by_o the_o connivance_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v he_o make_v his_o escape_n into_o holland_n from_o whence_o he_o go_v to_o brussels_n where_o he_o tarry_v for_o some_o time_n in_o that_o court_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o university_n of_o wittenberg_n lutheran_n turn_v lutheran_n and_o soon_o after_o to_o leipzick_n where_o he_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n and_o write_v himself_o his_o confession_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n after_o some_o stay_v there_o he_o go_v to_o newstadt_n in_o the_o country_n of_o holstein_n where_o have_v be_v discover_v by_o a_o messenger_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n call_v peter_n micklaf_n holstein_n seize_v in_o holstein_n he_o be_v take_v by_o order_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v convey_v from_o thence_o to_o gottorp_n his_o usual_a place_n of_o residence_n and_o to_o be_v secure_v under_o a_o strong_a guard_n till_o the_o great_a duke_n shall_v send_v express_a order_n for_o the_o bring_v his_o person_n into_o muscovy_n czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n son_n and_o successor_n to_o michael_n federovit_n have_v receive_v notice_n of_o the_o seizure_n of_o this_o impostor_n not_o only_o send_v his_o letter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n where_o he_o desire_v to_o have_v he_o deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o he_o have_v appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n but_o also_o to_o bring_v to_o light_v the_o villainy_n of_o timoska_n beyond_o all_o contradiction_n send_v among_o his_o deputy_n the_o same_o spilki_n who_o former_o he_o have_v cheat_v of_o his_o wife_n jewel_n and_o who_o have_v be_v his_o fellow-officer_n in_o the_o same_o employment_n spilki_n be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n but_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v confront_v with_o he_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n not_o question_v but_o that_o his_o presence_n will_v soon_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o ingenuous_a confession_n of_o the_o whole_a truth_n but_o they_o be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v when_o they_o see_v timoska_n without_o the_o least_o alteration_n in_o his_o countenance_n or_o behaviour_n treat_v spilki_n as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o know_v he_o before_o and_o speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n which_o spilki_n do_v not_o very_o well_o understand_v and_o be_v ask_v several_a question_n by_o he_o in_o relation_n to_o his_o past_a life_n especial_o as_o to_o his_o name_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o timoska_n ankudina_n whether_o he_o have_v not_o defraud_v the_o great_a duke_n treasury_n whether_o he_o have_v not_o cheat_v he_o of_o his_o wife_n jewel_n burn_v his_o house_n and_o commit_v other_o enormous_a crime_n timoska_n answer_v careless_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o one_o timoska_n ankudina_n may_v have_v convert_v the_o great_a duke_n money_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o commit_v many_o other_o villainy_n but_o that_o this_o be_v not_o concern_v of_o he_o that_o his_o name_n be_v johannes_n sinensis_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n
the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v a_o certain_a ocolnitza_n call_v bonis_fw-la ivanovit_n puskia_n and_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v 32_o year_n since_o the_o account_n have_v be_v clear_v betwixt_o the_o two_o nation_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o certain_a article_n make_v at_o that_o time_n that_o for_o the_o first_o thirty_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o liquidation_n of_o all_o account_n but_o that_o in_o regard_n there_o be_v more_o swede_n now_o in_o muscovy_n than_o there_o be_v muscovite_n in_o sweden_n by_o which_o the_o first_o remain_v considerable_o indebt_v to_o the_o last_o the_o great_a duke_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n 190000_o rubles_n which_o amount_v to_o ninety_o odd_a thousand_o pound_n sterling_a of_o english_a money_n whereof_o 300000_o crown_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a cash_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o rye_n and_o the_o whole_a payment_n to_o be_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o follow_v year_n which_o be_v but_o a_o few_o month_n after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o treatise_n pursuant_n to_o this_o agreement_n the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v send_v one_o john_n rhodes_n in_o quality_n of_o her_o commissioner_n into_o muscovy_n who_o receive_v the_o abovenamed_a 300000_o crown_n in_o ducat_n and_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o rye_n he_o be_v order_v to_o receive_v it_o from_o one_o fedor_n amilianou_n a_o muscovian_a merchant_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pleskou_n this_o merchant_n have_v be_v impower_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n to_o buy_v up_o thereabouts_o so_o much_o rye_n for_o his_o use_n as_o will_v answer_v the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o debt_n which_o amount_v to_o 90000_o crown_n make_v use_v of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o enrich_v himself_o at_o the_o cost_n of_o his_o poor_a fellow_n subject_n for_o have_v under_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n authority_n cause_v all_o the_o rye_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v seize_v and_o not_o permit_v any_o body_n either_o to_o buy_v or_o to_o sell_v any_o without_o his_o leave_n he_o ingross_v the_o whole_a commodity_n for_o his_o own_o use_n sell_v it_o at_o his_o own_o rate_n which_o be_v so_o excessive_a that_o a_o great_a many_o poor_a people_n be_v drive_v to_o the_o great_a extremity_n for_o want_n of_o it_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pleskoa_n as_o they_o wâ—â—e_v most_o â—eaâ—â—y_o concern_v in_o this_o abuse_n so_o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o open_o murmur_v against_o this_o oppression_n chaâ—ging_v not_o â—â—â—y_v the_o sâ—edes_n with_o aâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n but_o 〈…〉_o exclaim_n against_o puskin_n the_o muscovian_a ambassador_n in_o sweden_n who_o they_o charge_v with_o prevarication_n in_o his_o employment_n and_o perfideousness_n to_o his_o prince_n they_o do_v not_o spare_v morosou_n who_o they_o say_v prefer_v the_o interest_n of_o stranger_n before_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o native_n they_o be_v not_o want_v to_o draw_v the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n and_o other_o adjacent_a part_n into_o their_o party_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o negotiation_n have_v be_v carry_v on_o without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n every_o thing_n seem_v to_o tend_v to_o a_o general_a insurrection_n in_o those_o part_n if_o the_o weywode_n or_o governor_n of_o novogorod_n by_o his_o prudent_a conduct_n have_v not_o keep_v those_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o obedience_n yet_o can_v not_o hinder_v their_o take_v a_o resolution_n to_o stop_v the_o money_n as_o it_o shall_v come_v their_o way_n in_o order_n to_o be_v carry_v into_o sweden_n those_o of_o pleskou_n absolute_o refuse_v that_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o rye_n the_o transportation_n of_o which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n must_v starve_v they_o shall_v be_v export_v into_o sweden_n and_o the_o better_a to_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o the_o say_a treaty_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n and_o execute_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n order_n they_o send_v three_o deputy_n of_o their_o own_o to_o court_n to_o wit_n a_o merchant_n of_o that_o city_n a_o cosack_n and_o a_o strelit_n to_o inform_v themselves_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o to_o desire_v redress_n of_o their_o grievance_n but_o they_o be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v at_o novogorod_n but_o the_o weywode_n of_o that_o city_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v clap_v in_o iron_n and_o thus_o fetter_v send_v they_o to_o court_n where_o at_o the_o same_o time_n arrive_v the_o weywode_n of_o pleskou_n and_o the_o merchant_n amilianou_n who_o have_v be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o city_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o populace_n for_o the_o first_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v those_o disorder_n which_o be_v daily_o commit_v by_o the_o mob_n they_o force_v he_o with_o his_o guard_n out_o of_o the_o town_n and_o amilianou_n not_o think_v himself_o safe_a without_o the_o governor_n be_v assistance_n accompany_v he_o to_o the_o city_n of_o mâ—sco_n to_o make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n nor_o be_v he_o mistake_v in_o his_o judgement_n for_o no_o soon_o have_v he_o leave_v the_o city_n plâ—skoâ—_n another_o 〈◊〉_d at_o plâ—skoâ—_n but_o the_o citizen_n of_o pleskou_n without_o expect_v the_o return_n of_o their_o deputy_n or_o before_o they_o have_v the_o least_o notice_n of_o the_o treatment_n they_o have_v receive_v at_o novogorod_n ransack_v amilianus_n house_n and_o torture_v his_o wife_n in_o a_o most_o cruel_a and_o barbarous_a manner_n to_o make_v she_o confess_v where_o her_o husband_n have_v hide_v his_o money_n the_o same_o game_n they_o play_v with_o several_a swedish_n merchant_n live_v among_o they_o who_o they_o rob_v plunder_v and_o abuse_v in_o their_o person_n this_o do_v they_o publish_v their_o manifesto_n against_o monopoly_n and_o patentee_n invite_v the_o neighbour_a city_n to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o privilege_n the_o court_n have_v soon_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o these_o insolence_n they_o be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v especial_o when_o they_o get_v notice_n that_o this_o mutinous_a spirit_n begin_v to_o spread_v itself_o in_o some_o of_o the_o other_o city_n in_o the_o northern_a province_n border_v upon_o sweden_n and_o think_v it_o therefore_o most_o advisable_a to_o try_v whether_o by_o gentle_a mean_n they_o can_v suppress_v and_o prevent_v any_o further_a tumult_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v back_o the_o weywode_n of_o pleskou_n and_o with_o he_o a_o boyar_n who_o in_o the_o great_a duke_n name_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o quiet_a those_o restless_a spirit_n those_o of_o plesko_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n debate_v whether_o they_o shall_v open_v their_o gate_n to_o they_o or_o not_o but_o the_o first_o be_v at_o last_o resolve_v upon_o they_o give_v they_o admittance_n but_o it_o be_v to_o put_v the_o weywode_n in_o prison_n and_o to_o affront_v the_o boyar_n who_o have_v speak_v to_o they_o in_o the_o great_a duke_n name_n with_o more_o authority_n than_o they_o think_v become_v he_o in_o his_o present_a station_n they_o fall_v upon_o he_o with_o cudgel_n and_o beat_v he_o so_o severe_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o seek_v for_o refuge_n in_o a_o monastery_n where_o he_o lay_v for_o some_o time_n half_o dead_a every_o one_o despair_v of_o his_o recovery_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v receive_v information_n in_o what_o manner_n his_o minister_n have_v be_v treat_v by_o the_o pleskovite_n who_o have_v shut_v their_o gatâ—s_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o poâ—â—ure_n of_o defence_n and_o fear_v â—ot_n without_o reason_n that_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a city_n encourage_v by_o their_o example_n may_v tread_v their_o footstep_n if_o by_o a_o severe_a chastisement_n they_o be_v not_o deter_v from_o such_o like_a undertake_n against_o his_o authority_n for_o the_o future_a it_o be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v the_o rebellious_a pleskovite_n with_o the_o utmost_a rigour_n in_o order_n to_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n command_v ivan_n nikitovit_n gavenski_n to_o assemble_v the_o nobility_n and_o stand_a militia_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o several_a regiment_n of_o the_o foreign_a force_n command_v by_o the_o colonel_n kormichel_n hamilton_n and_o other_o to_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o pleskou_n and_o not_o to_o stir_v from_o thence_o till_o they_o have_v reduce_v it_o to_o obedience_n besiege_v plesko_n besiege_v the_o inhabitant_n at_o first_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o startle_v at_o this_o resolution_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o their_o prince_n that_o they_o resolve_v unanimous_o to_o stand_v it_o out_o to_o the_o last_o and_o according_o put_v themselves_o and_o their_o city_n in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n they_o show_v at_o the_o first_o approach_n of_o the_o czar_n army_n no_o less_o bravery_n than_o they_o have_v show_v resolution_n in_o their_o counsel_n for_o they_o make_v several_a furious_a sally_n upon_o the_o besieger_n with_o
first_o his_o arm_n and_o leg_n and_o afterward_o his_o head_n cut_v off_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n who_o flock_v thither_o to_o be_v spectator_n of_o the_o tragical_a exit_fw-la of_o he_o who_o not_o many_o month_n before_o they_o have_v look_v upon_o as_o their_o most_o dreadful_a enemy_n about_o the_o same_o time_n maria_n the_o empress_n regent_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n be_v marry_v soon_o after_o to_o another_o young_a lady_n the_o niece_n of_o oatomon_n sergoivit_n who_o have_v by_o this_o near_a alliance_n with_o the_o emperor_n obtain_v the_o whole_a ministry_n of_o the_o government_n acquire_v himself_o with_o great_a applause_n and_o to_o the_o general_n satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n in_o this_o eminent_a station_n till_o the_o year_n 1675._o when_o czar_n alexis_n miâ—haelovits_n die_v dies_fw-la czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n dies_fw-la to_o the_o great_a regret_n of_o his_o subject_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a clemency_n singular_a devotion_n and_o incomparable_a conduct_n during_o the_o last_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n lament_v his_o loss_n by_o all_o the_o expression_n of_o grief_n due_a to_o the_o memory_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o by_o the_o first_o adventure_n two_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n to_o wit_n fedor_n john_n or_o ivan_n and_o sophia_n by_o the_o second_o one_o son_n called_z peter_z the_o same_o who_o now_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o miscovian_a empire_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o fedor_n alexiovit_n his_o elder_a son_n be_v not_o quite_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o of_o a_o very_a sickly_a constitut_n on_o who_o â—eigned_v seven_o year_n under_o the_o protectorate_v of_o sophia_n his_o sister_n till_o the_o year_n 1682_o dies_fw-la fedor_n alexâ—ovits_n dies_fw-la when_o by_o his_o death_n the_o muscovite_n empire_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o potent_a faction_n which_o may_v have_v prove_v of_o very_o dangerous_a consequence_n if_o the_o extraordinary_a conduct_n of_o his_o present_a czarish_n majesty_n have_v not_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n divert_v the_o fatal_a blow_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v its_o ruin_n chap._n v._n contain_v a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a transaction_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n peter_n till_o this_o time_n with_o some_o political_a reflection_n on_o the_o present_a state_n of_o muscovy_n in_o relation_n to_o its_o traffic_n and_o strength_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o neighbour_n after_o the_o death_n of_o fedor_n alexiovit_n john_n the_o second_o son_n of_o alexis_n michaelovit_n being_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o natural_a infirmity_n incapable_a of_o undertake_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n be_v soon_o prevail_v upon_o to_o resign_v all_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o russian_a crown_n death_n two_o faction_n after_o his_o death_n to_o his_o young_a brother_n peter_n who_o though_o very_o young_a be_v look_v upon_o by_o most_o of_o the_o boyar_n as_o the_o only_a person_n who_o give_v they_o all_o the_o imaginable_a hope_n of_o his_o future_a ability_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o his_o father_n alexis_n michaelovit_n crown_v czar_n peter_n crown_v be_v crown_v czar_n of_o muscovy_n instead_o of_o the_o decease_a fedor_n his_o brother_n but_o the_o princess_n sophia_n see_v herself_o thus_o exclude_v from_o the_o management_n of_o the_o government_n of_o which_o she_o have_v enjoy_v the_o full_a advantage_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o her_o brother_n fedor_n she_o with_o knez_fw-fr gailizin_n and_o some_o other_o of_o her_o creature_n take_v a_o resolution_n not_o to_o part_v with_o so_o fine_a a_o morsel_n at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n but_o to_o endeavour_v by_o put_v john_n in_o the_o throne_n to_o maintain_v their_o own_o greatness_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o new_a czar_n peter_n alexiovit_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o decease_a empress_n maria_n mother_n to_o john_n who_o have_v by_o his_o own_o consent_n debar_v himself_o from_o the_o royal_a dignity_n be_v infinite_o belove_v by_o the_o common_a people_n by_o reason_n of_o her_o extraordinary_a modesty_n charity_n and_o other_o most_o eminent_a virtue_n the_o princess_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o this_o advantage_n on_o her_o side_n send_v abroad_o her_o emissary_n who_o insinuate_v into_o the_o people_n the_o injustice_n do_v to_o john_n the_o elder_a survive_a son_n of_o the_o empress_n maria_n the_o darling_n of_o the_o people_n by_o a_o adverse_a party_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a establish_a custom_n of_o muscovy_n have_v exclude_v that_o prince_n from_o his_o right_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o young_a brother_n these_o cunning_a information_n have_v such_o powerful_a influence_n over_o the_o common_a people_n but_o especial_o over_o the_o guard_n that_o constant_o attend_v the_o czarâ—s_n person_n that_o one_o morning_n be_v head_v by_o some_o of_o the_o princess_n creature_n they_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n declare_v they_o will_v not_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n till_o they_o see_v john_n the_o elder_a brother_n of_o peter_n place_v on_o the_o muscovian_a throne_n the_o boyar_n in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n peter_n mâ—sâ—o_n insurrection_n iâ—_n the_o city_n of_o mâ—sâ—o_n endeavour_v by_o their_o persuasion_n to_o appease_v the_o mutiny_n do_v feel_v the_o dreadful_a effect_n of_o their_o fury_n for_o some_o have_v their_o palace_n ransack_v and_o pull_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n other_o be_v cut_v to_o plece_n immediate_o other_o throw_z out_o of_o the_o window_n so_o that_o nothing_o less_o than_o a_o total_a destruction_n seem_v to_o threaten_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n unless_o prevent_v by_o some_o expedient_a which_o may_v stay_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o enrage_a populace_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o head_n of_o both_o faction_n who_o by_o this_o time_n begin_v equal_o to_o dread_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o rabble_n after_o various_a debate_n come_v to_o this_o follow_a resolution_n that_o to_o balance_n the_o interest_n of_o both_o contend_a party_n czar_n peter_n shall_v be_v confirm_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n but_o that_o his_o elder_a brother_n john_n shall_v be_v his_o associate_n both_o in_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n the_o princess_n sophia_n have_v thus_o once_o more_o by_o the_o powerful_a influence_n she_o have_v over_o the_o weakness_n of_o her_o brother_n john_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tender_a age_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n peter_n i_o be_v not_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n when_o he_o be_v crown_v czar_n of_o muscovy_n get_v the_o reins_o of_o the_o government_n into_o her_o own_o hand_n manage_v all_o matter_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o premier_fw-fr minister_n knez_n gallizin_v her_o creature_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o dexterity_n for_o some_o time_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o this_o her_o faithful_a councillor_n be_v deprive_v of_o his_o assistance_n and_o the_o death_n of_o her_o own_o brother_n czar_n john_n who_o die_v about_o four_o year_n ago_o without_o issue_n she_o be_v total_o exclude_v from_o the_o further_a management_n of_o public_a affair_n and_o thrust_v into_o a_o monastery_n where_o she_o be_v detain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o present_a czar_n peter_n be_v bear_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1670_o by_o a_o second_o adventure_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o czar_n fedor_n his_o elder_a brother_n crown_v czar_n of_o muscovy_n when_o he_o be_v not_o full_a twelve_o year_n of_o age._n after_o the_o removal_n of_o knez_n gallizin_v from_o the_o ministry_n czar_n a_o conspiracy_n against_o the_o present_a czar_n and_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o whole_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n be_v devolve_v to_o he_o he_o manage_v it_o with_o so_o much_o conduct_n and_o success_n as_o have_v render_v his_o action_n famous_a throughout_o all_o europe_n which_o those_o of_o the_o contrary_a faction_n look_v upon_o with_o a_o envious_a eye_n a_o design_n be_v lay_v some_o few_o year_n ago_o against_o his_o life_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n will_v have_v prove_v fatal_a to_o this_o great_a prince_n if_o by_o the_o imprudence_n of_o he_o who_o be_v to_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a actor_n in_o this_o tragedy_n the_o whole_a design_n have_v not_o be_v discover_v before_o the_o conspirator_n can_v meet_v with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o put_v it_o in_o execution_n this_o be_v a_o german_a by_o birth_n who_o name_n be_v sickler_n who_o have_v a_o considerable_a command_n in_o the_o czar_n army_n and_o be_v extreme_o belove_v by_o he_o have_v a_o free_a access_n to_o his_o person_n this_o man_n be_v entice_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o extraordinary_a reward_n even_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n undertake_v to_o dispatch_v the_o czar_n the_o first_o favourable_a
after_o give_v they_o such_o evident_a proof_n of_o his_o great_a ability_n in_o the_o art_n of_o government_n that_o they_o be_v satisfy_v their_o hope_n will_v not_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o expectation_n especial_o when_o the_o czaritza_n within_o a_o twelve_o month_n after_o bring_v forth_o as_o young_a prince_n who_o be_v now_o about_o eight_o year_n of_o age_n give_v all_o the_o imaginable_a hope_n of_o be_v one_o day_n the_o inheritor_n of_o his_o father_n virtue_n and_o dominion_n for_o after_o the_o removal_n of_o gallizin_n have_v take_v the_o reins_o of_o the_o government_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o consequent_o supprese_v that_o faction_n which_o hitherto_o have_v in_o a_o measure_n oppose_v his_o greatness_n he_o begin_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n towards_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o these_o design_n which_o within_o these_o few_o year_n last_o pass_v have_v be_v the_o admiration_n of_o all_o europe_n and_o cause_v terror_n to_o his_o enemy_n the_o unfortunate_a war_n in_o which_o the_o turk_n be_v engage_v against_o the_o emperor_n pole_n and_o venetian_n have_v sufficient_o disenable_v they_o to_o send_v any_o considerable_a succour_n to_o the_o crim_n tartar_n tartar_n the_o war_n against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n the_o hereditary_a enemy_n of_o muscovy_n which_o have_v so_o often_o feel_v the_o direful_a effect_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o present_a juncture_n of_o time_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o favourable_a to_o reduce_v these_o troublesome_a neighbour_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n for_o which_o purpose_n a_o considerable_a army_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n the_o siege_n of_o asaph_n be_v resolve_v on_o which_o city_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n don_n or_o tanais_n where_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o palus_n meotides_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o zabacçhe_n be_v the_o inlet_n into_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o conquent_o facilitate_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n inhabit_v the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o muscovite_n attack_v the_o city_n very_o vigorous_o but_o be_v destitute_a of_o ship_n and_o not_o sufficient_o provide_v with_o good_a cannoneer_n they_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o turk_n from_o bring_v in_o at_o several_a time_n fresh_a supply_n of_o man_n ammunition_n and_o other_o necessary_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o winter_n season_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o that_o time_n but_o the_o czar_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v discourage_v by_o this_o retreat_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o repair_v this_o disgrace_n and_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n let_v it_o cost_v what_o it_o will_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v order_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v build_v and_o man_v to_o prevent_v their_o communication_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o obtain_v a_o good_a number_n of_o engineer_n bombardeer_n and_o cannoneer_n from_o the_o emperor_n venetian_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o some_o other_o christian_a prince_n he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o field_n in_o person_n in_o the_o ensue_a year_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o river_n shall_v become_v navigable_a and_o to_o open_v the_o campaign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o asoph_n pursuant_n to_o this_o resolution_n have_v order_v a_o vast_a train_n of_o artillery_n asoph_n besiege_v asoph_n consist_v of_o 400_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o 150_o mortar_n to_o be_v get_v ready_a he_o march_v with_o a_o very_a numerous_a army_n command_v under_o he_o by_o his_o favourite_n the_o general_n and_o admiral_n le_fw-fr fort_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o embassy_n now_o in_o holland_n by_o mr._n gourdon_n a_o scotchman_n and_o afranou_n nichelovit_n a_o muscovite_n and_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o say_a city_n whilst_o his_o fleet_n guard_v the_o port_n and_o prevent_v any_o supply_n from_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n that_o way_n and_o the_o cosack_n general_n mazepa_n and_o paley_n advance_v in_o two_o distinct_a body_n towards_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o give_v a_o powerful_a diversion_n to_o the_o crim_n tartar_n on_o that_o side_n the_o tartar_n within_o defend_v themselves_o for_o some_o time_n with_o bravery_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a havoc_n make_v by_o the_o muscovite_n bomb_n under_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o foreign_a bombardier_n but_o find_v themselves_o disappoint_v in_o their_o hope_n of_o relief_n by_o sea_n the_o muscovite_n have_v defeat_v those_o that_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n they_o beat_v a_o parley_n composition_n take_v asoph_n by_o composition_n and_o surrender_v themselves_o upon_o certain_a article_n to_o the_o czar_n after_o the_o take_n of_o asoph_n he_o advance_v to_o karikeumen_n which_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o bomb_n he_o soon_o oblige_v to_o surrender_v at_o discretion_n all_o the_o castle_n and_o place_n thereabouts_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n most_o of_o which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v demolish_v unless_o it_o be_v taran_n where_o he_o leave_v a_o very_a good_a garrison_n the_o same_o summer_n the_o cosack_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o several_a strong_a fort_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n which_o may_v in_o time_n much_o facilite_n the_o take_n of_o precop_n scituate_n at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o czar_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o place_n so_o considerable_a for_o its_o situation_n be_v receive_v at_o his_o return_n by_o his_o subject_n inhabit_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n triumph_n enter_v moscow_n in_o triumph_n with_o all_o the_o demostration_n of_o joy_n and_o other_o honour_n due_a to_o a_o conqueror_n for_o at_o his_o entrance_n there_o be_v triumphal_a arch_n erect_v represent_v the_o conquest_n of_o asoph_n and_o other_o place_n take_v by_o he_o the_o summer_n before_o and_o as_o he_o go_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o castle_n he_o be_v precede_v by_o the_o general_n le_fw-fr fort_n in_o a_o litter_n and_o by_o general_n gourdon_n on_o horse_n back_o but_o what_o be_v most_o please_a to_o the_o people_n be_v the_o lead_v it_o triumph_n of_o a_o certain_a note_a deserter_n who_o be_v name_n be_v jacob._n he_o be_v take_v at_o the_o surrender_n of_o asoph_n be_v bring_v into_o muscovy_n and_o to_o complete_a the_o show_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o high_a wagon_n seat_v under_o a_o gibbet_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v hang_v the_o next_o day_n after_o this_o solemn_a entry_n his_o next_o care_n be_v to_o send_v a_o envoy_n to_o the-court_n of_o vienna_n not_o only_o to_o give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o his_o arm_n against_o the_o infidel_n but_o more_o particular_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o more_o strict_a alliance_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o have_v receive_v certain_a intelligence_n that_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o poland_n be_v labour_v for_o the_o advance_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n to_o the_o polish_v crown_n he_o give_v the_o polish_v nobility_n to_o understand_v by_o his_o minister_n resident_n in_o poland_n that_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v advance_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n or_o any_o other_o frenchman_n to_o the_o throne_n they_o must_v expect_v to_o be_v treat_v as_o enemy_n he_o look_v upon_o the_o french_a nation_n join_v in_o alliance_n with_o the_o turk_n to_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o general_n interest_n of_o christendom_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o negotiation_n at_o vienna_n turk_n conclude_v a_o alliance_n with_o the_o confederate_n against_o the_o turk_n concern_v the_o alliance_n against_o the_o infidel_n go_v on_o with_o good_a success_n the_o main_a scruple_n to_o be_v remove_v be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o alliance_n and_o which_o the_o muscovite_n desire_v to_o be_v for_o seven_o year_n whereas_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o venetian_n insist_v to_o have_v it_o continue_v for_o no_o long_o than_o three_o year_n but_o the_o czar_n have_v send_v new_a instruction_n to_o his_o envoy_n with_o full_a power_n to_o conclude_v the_o say_a negotiation_n according_a to_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n all_o thing_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v on_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o the_o party_n concern_v in_o the_o alliance_n and_o the_o treaty_n be_v sign_v and_o ratify_v at_o vienna_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o venetian_a resident_n contain_v beside_o several_a other_o these_o three_o follow_a article_n that_o the_o alliance_n shall_v last_v three_o year_n at_o least_o reserve_v to_o the_o party_n concern_v the_o power_n to_o renew_v it_o after_o that_o time_n be_v expire_v if_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o none_o of_o the_o party_n shall_v make_v peace_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o other_o and_o last_o that_o in_o case_n the_o enemy_n shall_v make_v any_o proposal_n of_o peace_n to_o any_o one_o of_o the_o