will not keep one week and therefore Physicians are wont to prescribe them to present use and have them made so oft as necessity requires but we shall treat more largely of these in the next book for now we shall speak of such as may be kept by the Apothecaries for a long time of which for present use are often made Apozemes if they be dissolved in the decoction of Plants or Juleps if in distilled waters they often also ingrede the confection of Eclegmes Opiates and Condites both that they may acquire better acceptation and vertue and also a consistency more convenient to our purpose Yet they are sometimes prescribed alone and unmixed especially such as must be assumed by licking by little and little to move flegme as all brown syrups as the syrup of Colts-foot the juice of Liccorish Maidens-haire Hyssop or of some such like which by reason of their sweetnesse coct the spittle Now syrups are made of the decoction of hearbs Materia Syruporum roots fruits seeds flowers or their juices and such like as may be well decocted and the matters to be decocted are so chosen as they may answer our intent whether it be to corroborate some part or mend some vitious humour or educe it thence we have such variety of syrups for they are composed to calefy refrigerate moisten dry open obstruct cut thicken and purge And the decoction of those things whereof Syrups are made Aquâ— optima quae ought to be in water either rain-water or fountain water or running water which is best because void of all qualities the quantity whereof must be answerable to the quantity and hardnes of the things cocted for such things as are harder as roots and wood can scarce be cocted save with much time and water without adustion And therefore the water must be augmented when simples are long to be cocted as also when they are too bitter The decoction strained and clarified is boyled again with an equall quantity of sugar or honey or both and sometimes with sweet wine as it will appear in our book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. III. Of Propomates THe Ancients according to Aëtius and Paulus Aët. cap. 30. cent 3. ser 1. Paul Aeg. c. 15. lib. 7. Propomata quid de remed called aâ—l drinks dulcorated with honey by the generallâ—n me Propomata for they scarce knowing sugar made all drinks pleasant to the pâ—late with honey which we now make with sugar that they may be more sweet and pleasant yet some not for want of sugar are condited with honey both for the peculiar condition of the sapour and the artainment of those excellent qualities wherewith it abounds for honey besides that sweetness which it hath being most pleasant to the tongue is such an excellent conservative that many use it instead of salt for the Babylonians Dionys Areop Melle qui corpora condiebant in time past buried their dead bodyes in honey and Appius the Cook Herod in Thalia covered flesh with honey that he might preserve it without salt many things also condited and other Medicaments are dulcorated and confected with honey both that they may be more pleasant to the palate and also keep more safely without corruption and acquire more notable vertues Wherefore Galen Cap. 177 simpl Medic. writes well when he saith that honey may safely be mixed with all Antidotes For it is most sweet Cap. 11. lib. de alim and it produces most thin juice and being mixed with Medicaments it causes them to induce and keep better Paul cap. 14. lib. 7. dâ— remed yet it is not equally wholesome to all for as Cap. 8. lib. 2. de fac nat it is good for old and cold men for it is noxious to such as are feaverish and young men especially chollerick because it is soon changed ingenders choller and becomes bitter in hot bodyes for if it be holden too long to the fire it will be bitter as also if it be kept too long Cap. 16. lib. 4. simpl for Galens father Cap. 11. l. 1. de Antidot Pater Galeni mel amarum babebat had a certain kind of honey as bitter as if it had been made in Pontus in that part where the Bees gather their honey from wormewood yet he saith it was Athenian honey and very good but that it became bitter by diuturnity of time Now Pliny Cap. 56. lib. 7. saith that one Aristaeus an Athenian first invented honey and the Curetes first taught the use thereof Mellis primus inventor though Ovid makes Bacchus the Author of it when he saith Liber inventi praemia mellis habet Furthermore many Medicaments are made of honey and also potions either more liquid called by Paulus sweet Potions as Hydromel that is watry and not enough boyled or more thick and longer boyled and insolated as Hydromel of wine as Oxymel and other Medicaments which are nominated from honey as the Medicamentall honeys of violets Anacardium Râ—ses and such like Many Medicaments are comprehended under this name Hydromel as Muscadell Melicratum Hydromel of water and of wine simple and compound Quid hydromelitis nomine intelligendum yet none is so simple but it consists of honey and water as the name demonstrates but it is called simple to difference it from the more compound whereof many differences are described every where by the best Physicians as by Galen lib. de Dinamid and by Paulus lib. 7. de remed In the Confection of Hydromel In hydromelite qua mellis ad aquam proportio the proportion of honey to the water is various according to the various scope of the Physician the temper of the assumer For in Summer it is prescribed most watry as also to young men but in Winter and to old men and flegmaticke with a greater portion of wine or honey and it seemes good to our Ancients properly to call that Hydromel Hydromel vinosum which is not very watry but of wine and perfectly cocted for it seems to resemble in sapour and heat most noble Wine as that of Malmesey for it much excites spittle concocts flegmes cherishes naturall hear and roborates the stomack its genuine description and the manner of its making shall be handled in the shop divulged by us And although the rule of confecting Melicrated Mulsa Melicratum mulsa hydromel idem or Hydromell which differ onely in name not in substance be not one but various yet Mesue part 3. distinct 6. delivers the most vulgar and usuall rule to wir the admistion of eight pounds of water to one of honey which must be cocted together till froth cease to swim above which opinion the best Authors follow though many mixe with every pound of honey ten of water and sometimes twelve according to their various intentions Rusticks in Summer decoct the Loture of honey-combes Hydromel Rusticorum first strained and they despume it well and repose it in ample vessells and having
de aliment Common salt or the powder of sal Gemme or Hiera or other simple or compound is sometimes added to honey This is the common suppository wherewith the excretive faculty is excited to its work ℞ An usuall suppository Honey ℥ ij common saltʒ ij or sal Gem. ℈ iiij boyle then on a gentle fire in a little pipkin to aperfect consistency and make a suppository of the longitude of a finger For one cannot coct so little honey as to make up one suppository with honey alone least so little quantity as would serve one glans be burned or cause the ignition of the vessell before it can acquire a tractable consistency This suppository is very good to kill the worms of the fundament and educe that phlegme whereon they feed ℞ Another for the wormes Aloesʒ i ss Agaricke Wormewood of eachʒ j. sal Gemm ʒ ss make of chese a powder to which add honey boyled to a consistency ℥ ij and according to art rowl them up into suppositories Let them be immerged in the oil of bitter Almonds or of Wormewood or in the gall of an Oxe till use calls for them For Infants they cut a piece of white sope like an acorn which they immit or sometimes the stalke of a Bete or Mercury dawbed with butter instead of a suppository for all these gently exonerate the belly CHAP. V. Of Glysters or Enemata GLyster or Clysmus is a word borrowed from the Greeks signifying ablution as Enema injection and both are used for the same thing for ablution cannot be in the belly but by injection of some thing which by the fundament is immitted to the intestines to excite the excretive faculty to mollify the bardness of the belly to alter the intemperature to ease the dolour to discuss the flatuosity to cohibit the fluour and kill and expell the worms in the intestines Glysters are instituted for many more effects also The commodities that ensue Glysters for no part in the body almost but it receives solace from them Com. ad Aph. 17. lib. 18. if dolour possess the head if lippitude the eyes if strangulation the jaws if suffocation the breast if inflation the belly if inflammation the reins if dissury or ischury the bladder a Glyster will successfully cure all these evils Now the Uterus hath its proper Glysters which must be infunded into its fundament by a Metrenchyta the bladder it s Glysters neither want the bowels theirs whose orifice is narrow and nervous and their cavity profound And it is taken for a liquid Medicament infused into the intestines by the fundament whereof there are various descriptions according to the variety of the affections for which they are ordained as to mollify the belly after this manner ℞ Mallows Violets Marsh mallows brank Ursin Mercury Pelitory ana m. j. sweet Fennel seed ℥ ss in the Summer time the four greater cool seeds ℥ j. boyl these in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed of which after it is strained take lb. j. ss for strong people but for the younger sort lb. j. for infants lb. ss This decoction may in Summer be kept uncorrupt two dayes in some cold place in Winter four but it is best when it is new made Quamdiu decoctum pro Clyst possit incorruptum ser vari and those Apothecaries do ill that keep it a whole week and then use it Folia Orientalia are oft decocted herein and some Electuaries and Honey dissolved according to the various intentions of the Physician as to excite the slowness of the belly and to educe the humours lurking there And better to excite the drowsy faculty something of common Salt or pretious may be added Clysteris inventionem avis dedisse fertur whose virtue in moving the belly is thought to be known by the Bird called Ibis not much unlike a Stork which with its long bill draws up sea water and immits it into its belly whereby it is purged hence according to Galen praef sai introduct was the use of Glysters learned But be sure no Salt be dissolved in the Glysters prescribed to the dissentery for it will much imbitter the dolour of the intestines This Glyster will discuss flatuosity ℞ A Carminate Glyster Marsh mallows Pelitory tops of Dill Origanum Calamint Southernwood the flowers of Melilot and Chamomile ana m j. the seeds of Cummin Anise Coriander ana ℥ ss boyl them in the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary ℥ ij Bened. Laxativ ʒ vj. El. de Baccis Lauri ℥ ss Ol. Anethi ℥ iij. fiat Enema Some instead of Oils made by infusion dissolve ʒ j. of Oil of Aniseed educed by the chymical art or a little more or less as the condition of the body and disease require which I have oft expenenced with success when I could not have any other to my minde Here note Validius purgant Clysteres qui pinguia non admittunt that that injection wherein Oil or Butter or both have been mixed doth attract the humours more slowly for the faculty of the Catharticks is dulled with the addition of fats but the dolour of the intestines is sooner quelled Oils and Greases are mixed and added rather to mollify and leniate than attract As ℞ Of the decoction of the four emollient herbs lb. j. dissolve therein Honey of Violets red Sugar Catplicon ℥ j. ss Oil of Chamomile fresh Butter ana ℥ ij conquass them together fiat Clysmus Take notice also that Injections or Glysters do not onely purge the inferiour intestines but the middle also and sometimes the superiour as when the ventricle is ill affected and attracts it from the inferiour intestines so that Galen cap. 1. lib. 3. de sympt caus asserts that some have vomited up part of a Glyster though elswhere he seems to hold the contrary Which may happen also when a Glyster made of Milk or the decoction of Flesh is injected into some macilent fellow with whose sweetness and gratefull warmth his empty ventricle being allured sucks and attracts the liquor to it self that it may be refreshed therewith as we may reade in the Writings of Avenzoar Theys cap. 18. tract 10. lib. 1. This Glyster is good against the Lethargy Apoplexy and other affections of the brain whereby the senses droop and the faculties become dull ℞ Betony Marjoran Calamint Sage Origanum ana m. j. Mercury Arach ana m. ij boyl them with ℥ ij of Senna andʒ ij of Aniseeds in a pint of the Colature dissolve Honey of Rosemary ℥ ij Confectio Hamech and Hier. Diacolocynthidos ana ℥ ss Saltʒ ij fiat Clyster This Glyster cures the dissentery or other great flux in the belly ℞ Plantain Knot-grass Mullet ana m. j. boyl them in lb. j. of Milk and lb. ss of Bean-cod water till the third part be consumed in the Colature dissolve Bole-armeniack and Starch anaʒ ij the yolk of one Egge and so make it into a Glyster SECTION III. Of such as
strained and kept Oleum de Scorpionibus comp or Compound Oyl of Scorpions D. Mes â„ž of the roots of round Birthwort Gentian and Cypress of the bark of the roots of Capers of each â„¥ j. Oyl of bitter Almonds lb j. ss insolate them together in a vessel well covered for twenty days then adde Scorpions from ten to fifteen according to their bigness which insolate for a month afterwards let it be strained and kept The COMMENTARY Nature takes man for her Son whom she nourishes defends and liberates from diseases which she abigates either by the opposition of contraries or by the similarity or dissimilarity of Alexiterials Thus the Theriack which is in a mean betwixt the nature of man and of poyson cures malign contagious and pestilent diseases Thus Scorpions always to us offensive do not only cure the wounds themselves inflicted but also other venenate diseases by evoking the malign quality out of which by infusion and expression Mesue makes a simple Oyl consisting only of Scorpions and bitter Almonds and another more composititious besides these admitting of Cypress Aristolochy Gentian and the bark of the root of Capers If any one following Manardus his advice mix Scorpions with more Antidotes it shall be work worth his labour for it is of eximious vertue against all poyson and pestilence I have omitted the description of such more composititious Alexipharmacal Oyls because the frequent description of the same Medicament would make a man nauseate it Mesue took the compound Oyl we have transcribed from Rhasis which should rather be confected then the simple because more Medicinal and efficacious for whose confection the root of Cypress as also Aristolochy Gentian and the root of Capers must be minutely incided contunded then macerated in Oyl insolated and acted as the prescript shews Sylvius understands by one Kist of oyl one Sextary but we have put one pound and a half for a more certain dosis By way of liniment it helps venenate diseases Vires breaks the stones of the Reins and Bladder diduces the passages mitigates dolours and expels sand which it doth more effectually if the affected be therewith anointed after he comes out of a Bath Both of these Oyls have like faculties but the compound hotter and better CHAP. 3. Oleum de Castorio or Oyl of Beavers stones â„ž of Beavers stones cleansed from their membranes â„¥ j. white-wine â„¥ iij. Oyl lb j. let all be boyled together to the exhalation of the wine afterwards strained and kept The COMMENTARY Praepositus is not unjustly accused of latrociny for he stole the description of the Ancients not detecting their Authors that he might draw to himself their glory as it appears by that mole of Medicaments which he hath transcribed amongst which if there be any of his own invention they are not like the genuine offspring of a perite Medick or dexterous Apothecary which thing his description of the Oyl of Beavers stones sufficiently evinces for whose confection he prescribes â„¥ j. of Beavers stone to be decocted in lb j. of Oyl till the third be dissipated without the intervent of any wine water or fit decoction which the yongest Apprentice would finde to be imprudence for who knows not that Oyl will endure a whole dayes coction without sensible jacture unless it burn such things therefore as are cocted in Oyl mollifie not but become hard This Oyl may indeed be made without any liquor if it be onely macerated insolated and left for it was of old kept without percolation Fernelius adjects â„¥ j. of Aqua-vitae but this so small a portion cannot long endure fire Manlius gives another more composititious description which being harder to make and more sumptuous is seldome used we shall therefore hold to Praepositus his description with some castigation which shall effect as much as that of Manlius's pollicitates For it conduces to trembling Vires to the dolours of the nerves and articles to convulsious Fits and Palsey Mesue makes an Oyl of whole black Vipers cocted on a slow fire in an earthen vessel well leaded with a narrow orifice till their flesh be dissolved for the Itch Tetters and other cutaneous vices Fallopius assumes two Vipers of any colour cuts them in pieces immerges them in Oyl exposes them to the Sun about the canicular days in a vessel with a strait orifice afterwards expresses and keeps them which expression he prescribes as most conducible in curing the Ulcers of the French Pox. CHAP. 4. Oleum Vulpinum or Oyl of Foxes â„ž a Fox at his full growth and fat his intrails taken out and his skin pulled off and cut into small pieces of common Salt â„¥ iij. tops of Dill Thyme Germander of each m. j. boyl them together in an equal quantity of water and white-white-wine till the flesh be separated from the bones and to lb ij of the Colature add lb iiij of Oyl Sage Rosemary of each m. j. boyl them together till the water be consumed then let the Oyl be strained and kept The COMMENTARY It is not enough that we select the best simples but also rightly prepare rationally describe duly mix and exactly unite them into compounds that no useful part thereof be lost But how ill doth the old description of Foxes Oyl accord with these Laws let its form speak for Mesue commands that a Fox should be exenterated and then cocted integrally both body skin hairs feet and all in Fountain and Sea-water Oyl and Salt till the members be dissolved and a little Hyssop and Anise injected into the coction and some more water affunded whereas there was a pound of each sort before And thus you should have a pot of hairs bones flesh and plants cocted to putretude whose expressed pinguetude is Mesue's Foxes Oyl Paulus would have a Fox exenterated and yet cocted alive till his bones were separated but I cannot conjecture how an eviscerated Fox should be cocted alive Rondeletius would have one boyled with his skin and guts and only the excrements of the belly abjected but it is past my skill to eject the recrements and leave the intestines in the carcase His Colleague Joubertus would rather have the skin abjected then the bowels who would have the intrail washed and elixated with the flesh We reject both skin tayl and intrails as useless afterwards we cut the members and trunk and coct them in wine and falt with nerval and digestive herbs We adde to the colature Oyl Sage and Rosemary and so coct it again till the aqueous and vinous humidity be dissipated The Oyl thus made is very eximious Vires and most efficacious in what Mesue promises for it potently digests and resolves roborates the nerves defends them from cold injuries and cures the difeases of the articles CHAP. 5. Oleum Formicarum or Ants Oyl â„ž of Ants with wings â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb ss macerate them for the space of forty dayes in a vessel well covered exposing it to the heat of the Sun
cure the Pthysick Lettice 421. the seed of the Cotton-tree 362. Pistaches 386. Pine-kernels 388. Milk 448. Decoctum Testitudum 162. syrupus Resumptivus 523. Lohoc of Foxes lungs 550. Antidotus Analeptica 619. Venice-Treacle 626. Treacle-water 732. Diamarg frig 599. species Diatrionsantaion 602. For Swounding These recover swounded persons Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of Apples simple 515. confection of Alkermes 615. confection of the Hyacinth 656. Antidotus Analeptica 619. Venice-Treacle 626. Treacle-water 732. Diamarg frig 599. Electuary of Gems 600. pulvis Dianthos 605. For the palpitation of the Heart These cure the palpitation of the heart Doronâ—cum 330. Ambergrife 405. Silver 427. Mosch 450. Bezoar-stone 457. syrup of the juyce of Bugloss and Borage 510. syrup of Apples simple 515. conserve of â—ugloss 537. conserve of Rosemary-flowers 539. confection of Alkermes 615. consection of Hyacinth 656. Venice-treacle 626. Treacle-water 732. electuary of Gems 600. For weakness and 〈◊〉 of the heart Those Opiates comfort the heart prescriâ—ed in 168. that Condice in 169. cordial Tablets 174. powder in 175. Epithema in 190. Sacculus 210. the powder for suffumigation 214. Borage-flowers 228. Roses 284. Saffron 251. Myrabolens 255. Zerumbet 272. Costus 274. Cinamon 276. Kermes 283. Lignum-aloes 286. Saunders 287. Angelico 298. Woodsorrel 353. Gitrons 372. Oranges 373. juyce of Pomegranates Ibid. Benzoin 381. Storax 386. Ambergrise 405 Coral 406. Ruby 414. Granate 415. Hyacinth Ibid. Silver 427. Mosch 450. syrup of the juyce of Woodsorrel 510. syrup of Grapes 513. syrup of Lemons and Pomegranates 501. syrupus Regius 519. Rob Ribes 533. conserve of Bugloss 537. conserve of Borage 538. Enulacampane condited 548. antidotus Analeptica 619. oyl of Cloves 683. Claret 734. common Claret 735. Electuary of Citron solutive 573. troches of Gallia Moschatae 634. troches of Aliptae Moschatae Ibid. species Diambrae 601. Diamoschum Ibid. Aromaticum Rosatum 603. Pulvis laetificans 604. Diacynamomum 606. To increase native heat Calamus Aromaticus 273. Cardamomes 280. syrup of five roots 505. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-treacle 626. Electuary of Senna 564. troch Hysterici 641. For the Plague Against the Plagne drink of the decoction of the roots of Enula-campane 290. Angelica 297. Gentian 300. Tormentil 301. Dittany 319. Scordium 322. Leopards bane 330. Carduus benedictus 331. Lemnian earth 396. Hyacinth 415. Unicorns horn 456. Bezoar-stone 457. Enulacampane-roots condited 548. Solomons Opiate 622. Electuary of an Egge Ibid. Mithridate 624. oyl of Vitriol 679. oyl of Sulphur 681. Emplastrum Diapalma very good for pestilent tumors 722. Treacle-water 732. Pil. Ruffi 578. troches Alexiterii 641. powder against the Plague 608. To cause Sweat To provoke Sweat take Tormentil 301. Carduus 331. syrup of Apples simple 515. Treacle-water 732. Mithridate 624. Venice-Treacle 626. troches of Vipers 630. To resist Poyson These resist Poyson Wine 219. Marshmallows 229. Fennel 239. Cummin 245. Caraway 246. Amomum 247. Zerumbet 271. Setwel 272. Rocket-seed 294. Nettle-seed 295. decoction of Elecampane-root drunk 297. Angelico 298. Tormentil 301. Dittany 319. the root and seed of Lovage 299. Gentian 300. Mother of Thyme 310. Peniroyal 312. Polium Ibid. Balm 317. Horehound 318. Betony Ibid. Dittany 319. Scordium 322. Birthwort 324. Ground-pine 326. Leopards bane 330. Carduus 331. Valerian 333. Rhaponticum 335. Agnus castus 340. Ash-leaves 341. Bistort 559. Citrons 372. Oranges Ibid. Juniper-berries 391. Galbanum 401. Storax 386. Ruby 414. Saphire 413. Castoreum 450. Unicorns horn 456. Bezoar stone 457. the reins of Stincus 467. syrup of Grapes 513. conserve of Betony 539. Enulacampane-roots candid 548. confection of the Hyacinth 656. the Opiate of Solomon 621. Mithridate 624. Venice-Treacle 626. Troches of Vipers 630. Troches of Squills 632. Treacle-water 732 oyl of Scorpions 665. For the weakness of the Stomach To corroborate the stomach use Alces 256. Nutmegs 278. Mastich 384. Mint 314. the condite against Vomiting in 169. the opiate in 168. the foment 189. the plaister 725. Wine 219. Anise 244. Caraway 246. Myrobolans 255. Ginger 270. Galangal 271. Cardamomes 280. Cubebs 281. the roots and seeds of Lovage 299. Gentian 300. Peniroyal 312. Mint 314. Wormwood 316. Rhaponâ—cum 335. strawberry-Strawberry-water 360. juyce of Pomegranates 373. rosted Quince 374. Dates 382. Olives 383. Juniper-berries 391. Mastich 384. syrup of the juyce of Woodsorrel allays the heat thereof 510. syrup of Grapes works the same effect 513. syrup of Quinces 515. syrup of Myrtles 516. syrupus Regius 516. syrup of Wormwood 519. vinous Hydromel 528. Honey of Roses 536. Rob of Quinces 515. conserve of Betony 539. Enulacampane-roots candid 548. Rosata novella 617. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Venice-Treacle 626. oyl of Mace 663. oyl of Aniseed 683. stomachical Cerate 712. plaister of Bayberries 720. Stomach-plaister 725. Plaister of Mastich Ibid. Claret 451. Diaphoenicon 555. Hiera picra simplex 567. Hiera picra with Agarick 568. Hiera pachii Ibid Hiera Diacolocynthidos 569. Electuary of Citron solutive 573 Pil. Stomachicae 577. Pil. Mastichinae 589. Pills of three solutives 579. Pil. aggregativae 585. Pil. Asaiareth 587. Pil. de aromatibus Ibid. Troch Galliae Moschatae 634. Troch Aliptae Moschatae 635. Troch Diarrhodon 636. Troch de Antispodio corrects the inflammation of the stomach 637. Troch of Berberries 638. oyl of Wormwood 654. oyl of Roses 651. ol Omphacium 119. oyl of Mints 653. Electuary of Gems 600. species of the three Saunders 602. Aromaticum Rosatum 603. Diarrhodon Abbatis Ibid. pulvâ—s Laetincans 604. species Diacalaminthos 607. oyl of Myrtles 657. oyl of Quinces 658. oyl of Mastich 660. Against Texing or Hickup To stay the Hickup take Ceterach 235. Birthwort 324. Dill 336 Honey-suckle 338. antidotum Asyncritum 620. Philonum Romanum 621. To stay Vomiting To stop a daily Vomiting make use of Quinces 374. Sorb-apples 375. Barberries 380. syrup of Grapes 513. syrup of Pomegranates 514. syrup of dryed Roses 508. Rob Ribes 533. Rob de Cornis 535. Rosata novella 617. antidotum Asyncritum 620. opiate of Solomon 622. plaister of Mastich 725. oyl of Mint 613. aromaticum Rosatum 603. oyl of Quinces 658. Obstruction of the Mesentery Salvia vita 236. syrup of Peach-flowers 500. syrupus Byzantiuâ— 512. Diacassia 554. Hiera picra Galeni 567. Hiera picra with Agarick 568. Electuary of Meadow-Saffron 571. Pil. of three Solutives 579. Pil. Imperiales 580. species of the three Saunders 602. To allay any Vehement heat in the Liver To asswage the heat of the Liver take Epithimus 237. Oxysaccarum 511. syrup of Endive 518. Lettice stalkes condited 545. Oyntment of Roses 690. Cerate of Saunders 711. Electuary of Eleabane 560. Troches of Camphur 635. Troches of burnt Ivory 637. Troches of Berberries 638. Oyl of water-Lilies 653. For the obstruction and paine of the Liver These remove the obstructions of the Liver true Maiden-hair 233. Salvia vita 236. Dodder and Epithimum 287. Asparagrass 239 Ladies-rose 247. Myrabolens 255. Saunders 287. Grass-roots 363. Asarabacca 325. the lesser Centory 335. Rhapontick Ibid. Meum 336. Broom 339. Ash 341. Liver-wort 356.
not altogether manifest for Rhabarb differs much from choler Agarick from flegm and Senna from melancholy Although all Catharticks do attract humours Quae purgant trahendo yet some of them do purge more especially by attraction to wit such as are of a more potent force and have an excrementious humour saith Mesue as Scammony Turbith and Euphorbium others by repression Quae comprimendo as all the five Myrobalans and Rhabarb others by loosning and mollifying the belly as Cassia Tamurinds and others Quae lubricando which onely by leniating and solving the belly educe humours as the herb Orage Violets Mallows Sorrel and many Pot-herbs CHAP. X. Of Medicaments which besides their solution of the Belly cure many diseases by an occult poperty MEdicinall Materialls are as well innumerable as admirable which assumed at the mouth or applyed to the externall parts by a certain occult vertue and specifiall propriety perfectly cureth and undoubtedly preventeth present and future distempers or produceth other admirable effects as before in some few we have demonstrated This occult faculty also is not only discernable in plants but also in animalls and minerals For it is recorded that Pirrhus his thumb by touching such as laboured under the distempers of the spleen cured them and that most Christian and potent Monarch of France cured the Kings Evill with the touch of his hand this occult and most effectuall quality Os Aurum trabens is also seen in dead bodyes for Simplicius affirmes that the mouth of the fish Milvus doth draw Gold to which also Scaliger sets seal Exercit 102. 112 The reines of Scincus Marinus pulverized and drunk with wine or commixed with fit conserves and so taken doth cause stiffness of the yard and powerfully provoketh to Lechery A Harts pizzle dryed pulverized and drunk with Coltfoot or Carduus water is much commended against the Plurisy A Boares tooth pulverized and drunk worketh the same effect especially if taken at the beginning of the disease The Monocerces his horn doth admirably defend the heart from poysons and is much available in pestilent distempers The same effects are performed in the use of Harts horn and Rhinoceroes his horn The huckle bone of an Oxe pulverized and drunk with Oxymell doth mitigate the spleen The flesh of Hares burnt sifted and drunk doth break and expell stones out of the bladder The skin of a Viper pulverized and Applyed to a bald place doth admirably cause haires to grow where naturall humidity is not too much decayed The same effect is wrought by rosted Mice and anointing the place with honey A Cocks combe rosted or boyled and often eaten of doth much and effectually help such as are possessed with Chollicks passions Galen lib. de Therias A Goates hoof or its bladder or Egg-shells burned and taken in drink help those that pisse their beds Galen lib. 8. comp med Local writes that a Wolfs liver by a certain specificall property will helpe diseases in the Liver An Aspes skin dryed and pulverized and mixed with honey will cleer the eye sight The excrements of animalls by an occult property Creatures Excrements expell certain diseases as the dung of Peacocks the Epilepsy the dung of Swallows and Doggs the Quinsy Let these few examples suffice that are assumed from animalls That I may omit such as are hurtfull as the Sea Hare the Crampe-fish For the one by an obscure vertue affecting the Nerves stupifies them the other hurts the Lungs As Cantharides by Inflammation hurts the bladder and stops the urine or causes the strangury We may observe also which is most to be admired this same occult quality in many vegetables and plants as Sarsaperilla Lignum vitae Sasafras and China all which by a specificall property availe much in the cure of Lues venerea Ragwort or Satirion and the hearb Kocket The occult property of plants causes the yard to stand irritates Lust and frequent copulations The Chast tre Vitex aut Agnus Castus and water Lyllyes on the contrary doth allay the ardor of Lust extinguish seed and hinder the excretion of the Stones Opium mitigates frensy and madness and procures sleep though it be taken in a very little quantity Misleto of the Oak pulverised and drunk doth effectually cure the Epilepsy Dry grapes by a certaine sympathy are very commodious to the Liver Staves-acre by vertue not well known kills Lice so Fleabane Gantts Coleworth and Ivy cures Drunkenness Ptarmica provokes to sneezing As also both kinds of Hellebor Dittany by an occult property pulls out thornes and pricks if thereunto applyed The Ash tree drives away serpents and cures their bitings Stone-crop Saxifrage and Goates blood expell stones Savine brings down the monthly tearmes and the fruit of the wombe whether alive or dead The greater Comfrey doth speedily close wounds Betony doth search maligne ulcers and accellerate their cure Turpentine is the best Balsam to wounds and doth both speedily and easily cure them But that which is most strange is this Variety of effects in the selfe same plant that one plant in a certain part should have one effect in another a different or contrary one as Chamomile flowers which help the head-ach by smelling to them whose leaves are very hurtfull if we credit Galen lib. 2. comp Med. cap. 2. Sorrell relaxes the Belly the seed makes it costick The decoction of Colewort solves the belly But the Colwort it self eaten either binds it or makes it more adust As also Cock-broth moves the belly whilst its flesh binds and Gal lib. de Ther. cap. 6. assertes the same of Oysters and Cockles The wheyish or Butterish part of milk dissolves the belly the cheesy part constraines and makes it costick Gallen thinks it a miracle that the decoction of Trefoile applyed plaisterwise to the bitings of Serpents and Vipers should presently asswage the paine thereof and take out the poyson whereas being applyed to a sound part it provokes paines yet the reason of this effect doth not seeme very obscure nor far different from the nature and temperament of other hearbs For it is no wonder if the Medicine by whose help the corrupt part was cured and from which it drew some malignity or other being applyed to a sound part should leave an impression there of that malignity whereof it participated But we intend to discourse more particularly and largely of the specificall and admirable vertue of Quicksilver in curing the Venerian disease and of the occult and almost divine vertues of other mineralls CHAP. XI Of simple Medicaments which by a specificall property have respect to certain peculiar parts MAny simples are adjoyned with such a sympathy to certaine Parts that either assumed or applyed or often by their very smell help refresh and free us from diseases Yet I cannot conceive that they are for this sympathy and correspondency so devoted to particular members as thereon to spend all their effects or not to confer any upon
mitigated The five opening roots after Lotion should be steeped in vineger Quinque radicum aperientium praeparatio that they might the easier cut viscid Phlegme and sooner deduce humors by the passage dedicated to the expelling of humor Nettle-seed Urticae semen quibus conveniat steeped in the decoction of the hearb Draconth and assumed helpes any stopping at the stomach for it is exceeding good for those that are troubled with stoppages It causes the throat and other parts by which it passeth to cease to burn or itch But purging ingredients and odoriferous spices are usually infused in Wine or Water or some suitable decoction or some distilled water or in juices extracted from vegerables according to the severall ends and purposes of the Doctor that they might lose their proper qualities and transmit them into the liquor thus Rhabarb and Agarick are wont to be infused not onely that their vertue might go into the liquor but that it might have a better and more effectuall operation of the body of him that assumes it The mixture of Vinum Hypocraticum is onely the infusion of Cinamon in the best Wine Vinum Hypocraticum with the dissolution of sugar so much as will dulcorate it There is also some Ginger mixed with it by the Apothecaries that it may the better content and please the drinkers palate So also Gummi Ammoniacum Gummorum infusio Galbanum Oppoponax and Sagapenum are macerated steeped or infused in Wine or Vineger to bring down their consistences that the filth mixed therewith may be separated from them by colature before they are to be used in the compositions of Electuaries or Plaisters or for other uses So flowers of Violets Roses and Water-Lillyes Florum Insusio are infused in warme water till their vertues be transmitted and the colature dulcorated with a sufficient quantity of sugar to bring it into the consistency of a syrup CHAP. VI. Of Humectation and other differences of Infusion HUmectation Infection or Triture are wont to be reduced to infusion or Immersion And Irrigation or Inspersion to Humectation for those Medicaments that are liquored with Vineger Milk Water or other humor grow moist or are humected that they may more comodiously and conveniently be used and commixed with others Now humectation What Medicaments need humectation is absolute necessary to all forraign Medicaments which being brought to us from far Regions are hard and dry their juice being evaporated and therefore we resartiate their native humidity or cherish and defend that small relique of it that is left by a light immersion or irrigation or oftentimes by reposing and keeping them in a coole place as when we lay and preserve Cassia in a cellar Venetian Treacle in a leaden pot c. that their vertues may not so soon be exhaled Many odoriferous simples also should be moistned The humâ—ctation of odours if they are ordered to be pulverized or grinded as Amber Bezoar Musk c. least the more subtill and odoriferous parts should fly away Humectation also is very necessary for the preservation of fruits and blaunching of them from their skins and hulls As Almonds that they may be enucleated are first to be scalded in hot water Pine nutâ—s and other fruits and nutts before they can be preserved must be steeped moistned and macerated in water that their acrimony and bitterness may be abated for any fruit that hath any apparant quality of acrimony by a frequent immersion in water or other liquor doth waxe more mild Camphire Colocynth Euphorbium How to powder Camphir Colocinth Euphorbium How to powder Mastick and many others that are to be pulverized must be besprinkled with a little oyl of Almonds or such other thing before their grinding and Mastich humected with a little rose-water which causeth it sooner to be pulverized and its vertue lesse expire or its subtler part be diminished by flying away Irrigation is reduced to humectation Irrigation which is as it were a little or sparing humectation for those that must be used dry ought to be irrigated or moistned with a gentle sprinkling that they may become more usefull and their vertues more retained CHAP. VII Of Nutrition MEdicaments in a rationall sense cannot well be said to be nourished but in a Philosophicall sense they may as when a medicament is augmented by the mutuall apposition of two three or more Medicaments which acretion the vulgar Apothecaryes call Nutrition and perchance it was indued with this name because it is as apparantly altered in mixing as Nutriment in nourishing Now nutrition is not unlike to Humectation Nutrition is Cosin-german to Huniectation for in both there must necessarily be mixed some liquor or other which in Humectation is copious but in Nutrition spare for in the latter the liquor must not be powred on with that quantity that the forther requires for when it is once irrigated or sprinkled it must be presently dryed and that either by the Sun or fire and againe moystned and dryed and so irrigated three or foure times Sarcocolla nutritia as the Gum Sarcocolla which is nourished with a womans or Asses milk but if macerated with a copious quantity thereof it presently dissolves and the milk will be soure before the Gumme can be dryed Alcumists usually nourish metalls by a congruent homour to the thing nourished prepared after an occult manner either that they may the sooner be melted or dissolved or nourished and augmented And so to the making up of the crude unguent which is prepared with one part of Litharge Triapharmacon foure of oyl and five of vineger the Litharge by a continuall beating is so nourished by the foresaid oyl and vineger that it growes to the consistency of an unguent without the help of fire or addition of other hard bodyes Many roots are irrigated sometime with Wine sometimes with other liquors that they may swell As Mirabolans with milk or with any other liquor correspondent to the Physicians purpose and intent So likewise Aloes is sometimes nourished with a decoction of Aromaticks The way to wash Aloes or some other fit and convenient liquor answerable to the doctors intent but oftner with the juice of hearbs leaves or flowers as with the juice of roses red or damask of red to roborate or damaske to purge both which do augment the aforesaid qualities and sometimes in the juice of Endive to mitigate the heat of the stomach but first it should be dissolved in some of the aforesaid juices afterwards dryed then pulverized againe washed and nourished with the same proportion of juice and dried as before and this reiterated so often till the Aloes have drunk in the determinated quantity of the juice or liquor CHAP. VIII Of Maceration Infection and digestion MAceration is so neere a kin to humectation that they are often used for one and the same manner of preparation for Medicaments are infunded humected and macerated for the self
same purpose and by the same way and art Yet notwithstanding Maceration requires a longer space of time than the two former Oleum Acopum so Flores Populi and semen Abietis ought to be macerated in oyle according to Galens advice cap. 14. lib. 2. de samt tuend for three four or more moneths together and then the oyl to be pressed out for the commixtion of the other ingredients Ginger with other hard roots green Almonds with other fruits are to be macerated so long till they the wax soft or loose their unprofitable or ungratefull quality In the making of syrup of Poppyes Syrupus de papavere the heads of the Poppyes are to be macerated in water for a day or two or sometimes three till they wax tender and their quality transmitted into the water Lignum Pali sancti and that Peregrine root Guaiacum Radix Chinae which the Easterne Indians calls Lampatan will scarce emit their vertues without a long maceration before their coction The same method must be observed with other woods and roots which ought to be macerated in some or other convenient liquor answerable to their propertyes that their vertues of what kind soever they be may be transmitted into the water or decoction Dates must be macerated three whole dayes in vinegar according to the prescript of Mesue before they be pulped Dates for the composition of Diaphaenicon Tamarinds and Mirabolans also must be macerated in whey made of Goates milk that according to the opinion of the same Author their bad and Nocumentall qualities may be amended and that they may no wayes offend the stomack Tincture or infection is neere a kin to humectation and maceration Tincture of Insection for those that are to be infected must be immerged into some certain juice yet not alwayes for the colour or tincture only but that it may acquire a more excellent quality As Sericum Crudum tinctured in Succo Cocci Baphicae Cochaneel or with a decoction of Kermeâ— Berries before it go into the composition of Confectio Alkermes that it may more increase its Cardiack quality and give it a more delightfull tincture Digestion also may be reduced to Maceration by which Medicaments are occluded in some convenient vessell or other close shut as meat in the stomach and so macerated adding thereunto Wine Vineger Oyle or some other convenient juice Chymists make a more ample discussion of digestion but nihil attinet ad nos under which they comprehend rectification insolation and sometimes nutrition CHAP. IX Of Triture WHen Medicaments of themselves hard and solid cannot conveniently be assumed or applied therefore they are prepared and changed by Apothecaries with such Art that they may easily and wholesomely be assumed for they breake and pulverize them and that either grosse or fine as the occasion requires Now this breaking of Medicaments is chiefly for three ends The reasons of pulverization First That they may be exactly mixed with others Secondly That they may acquire a new faculty Thirdly That their malignity may be corrected The manner of breaking of Medicaments The divers manner of wayes of Triture is different and various for many are brayed in a stone morter as in Marble others in Metall morters as Iron Brass Lead and sometimes glasse others in a Wooden morter as of Box or Guajaicum with pestells usually of the same matter for an Iron pestell is most apt for an Iron morter a Wooden one for a Wooden morter a Leaden for a Leaden morter and a glasse pestell for a glasse morter Some cannot nor will not be so exactly pulverated by beating as by grinding and rubbing and that upon a smooth marble made hollow for that purpose where instead of a pestell we use a little marble stone called a Mannipulus which we hold in our hand and circumduce it this way and that way round the stone Gemms so that we leave no part of the Medicamet unrubbed and after this manner Gemmes and pretious stones are made into powder till we can perceive no knobbs with our fingers which powder so brayed the vulgar call marbled dust after which manner also those powders ought to be attenuated which go to the making up of Ophthalmick unguents Some are brayed and ground with turning stones as Wheat and Barly in a Mill and so a great quantity of hard seeds may easily and speedily be bruised and grinded to powder Those Medicaments we prepare onely for coction need but little bruising and those also that are of a thin substance whose vertue is dissipable need but little bruising also as almost all flowers And those require much bruising that are hard thick solid nervous and not easy to be broken as also such as partake of a malignant quality as Colocinth the grosser part whereof assumed being not well powdered inheres in the turning of the Intestines and exulcerates the part causing the bloody flux Those that confist of a meane substance as many odoriferous simples must be bruised moderately least their more subtill and odoriferous parts should exhale and be dissipated yet they must be beaten very small when they go to the confection of any electuary and when we would have them to search and penetrate to the remotest parts then must they be beaten very fine when we would have them to stay long in the body then they must be courser provided they be not indued with any maligne quality some must be beaten very fine and small that they may sooner performe their operation and manifest their power Roots and hearbs are sometimes beaten green and sometimes dry sometimes raw sometimes boyled for their different ends and uses but those must alwayes but be bruised mode rately that are to be boyled for alwayes observe Note that a greater Triture is requisit for roots than leaves lesser for fruits and a meane for seeds For seeds require but a contusion betwixt roots and hearbs So likewise many Medicaments can scarce be redacted to powder unless something be mixed with them The husks of Silkwormes As Coloquintido fericum crudum Camphire and many more which onely dilate by beating them alone unlesse there be some unctious or liquid matter superadded sometime we use to sprinkle some with wine other with water some with oyl and vineger that they may not only sooner be brought into powder but also better serve our intention The harder part of Animalls as bones hornes clawes nailes may be more easily pulverated if they be first filed or burned in a Crucible There are some who also burn Sericum Crudum Sericum must not be burned wooll and the haires of severall Animalls before they powder them but thereby they loose their former vertues and acquire new ones and therefore it is better to cut them small and dry them in an oven and so beat them strongly till they returne into powder some unctious seeds as the four great coole-seeds are to be excortiated before they be powdered because
Elixation Ustion Calfaction Frixion Despumation and what ever acquires mutation by heat may be referred as to its Genus Now Coction is small or great or moderate according to the substance or vertue of the thing cocted for some whose vertue is dissolved by long coction either because t is weak and posited in the superficies or because the substance of it is contained in a rare texture as some seeds many odoriferous spices and most flowers require a light and small Coction others on the contrary whose vertue is not easily resolved either because it is vallid and firme or because it resides in a grosse or dense substance or because it is posited in the middle as in Roots Woods Gumms Stones and sharp Medicaments as Onions and Garlick which grow sweet and mild by Coction require long and valid Coction others whose substance and vertue is posited in a meane between these two extreames as all the three Sandalls Jujubees Tamarinds mellow fruits and many seed endure but a meane and moderate Coction Now that Coction that is made in liquour of a moderate heat is called Elixation What elixation is And that liquor in which the Medicament is boyled is for the most part water and that either simple as common water or Medicinall or compound to which Lees of Wine Hydromel Milk Buttermilk Wine Vineger juices of plants salt-Salt-water or sulphureous waters and all liquors in which Medicaments are put and boyled may be reduced The use of this elixation is manifold The benefit of Elixation First because it resolves the excrementitious humors of a Medicament in boyling and hence Colocynth and Turbith are boyled that they may not gripe and torment the belly but it is quite contrary with those Medicaments that purge by Leniating and Lubricating the belly and with those that are best when they are fullest As Cassia and Tamarinds for such become worse by Coction because thereby their native humidity is diminished and their purgative faculty destroyed Secondly It dissipates all those flatulent grosse and corroding humours that provoke the ventricle to loathing of the same as in Senna Polipodie Carthamus Walworke c. Thirdly It breaks all acrimony violence and ulcerating faculties as Mesue writes of Scammony which by his prescript will be better if it be boyled in a sorbe apple or in a quince or rose water as all other sharp sapors which become better by Coction Fourthly It bridles and corrects the more vehement and maligne attraction of the Medicament and therefore we boyle white Hellibor and most valid Medicaments that their violence may be broken and experience hath taught me that they become more benigne when they are boyled in water or juice of hearbs seeds or fruits Lastly Elixation doth very comodiously mixe the different qualâ—ties of Medicaments that one quality as it were concrete might result from them all which if it be weak in any plant it must be boyled easier and lighter if more potent and valid more and harder by how much the substance of the Medicament is grosser and more solid Therefore we first boyle the woods then roots then seeds then barks then fruits and last of all flowers on a gentle fire free from smoak This order of Elixation is to be observed in the preparation of all Medicaments especially Apozemes which are made of the decoction of roots leaves seeds and flowers dulcorated with Sugar or Syrups The punctuall time of Coction cannot be defined as some vainely have limited but left to the judgment of the Artist for some require much time of Elixation others lesse CHAP. XII Of Assation and Frixion ASsation is the coction of Medicaments in their own juice What Assation is after which manner of preparation flesh roots and fruits are cocted without any adventitious humour Now this Assation is made divers wayes The manner of Assation for flesh is decocted at the fire on a spit or in an oven or an earthen pot or carbonaded on the coals The roots also of black Beets are roasted in the ashes Beta Romana and Chesnuts in a frying pan but those rather appertain to a Kitchin than a Physician Now many Medicaments are dryed before the fire that they may depose their useless and retain their salutary quality others that they may become more mild others that they may be easier and sooner pulverated Rhabarb is sometimes dryed that it may be less purgative Scylla and more astrictive as also the Sea-onion that its vehemency may be obtunded whereby Dioscorides saith it offends the Intrals The brains of Sparrows excite Venery So also Sparrows brains are dryed that they may be sooner pulverable fitly to be mixed with those Medicaments that incite to Venery Many also are prepared by Assation The benefits that come by Assation that their copious and excrementitious humidity may be thereby washed Now they ought to be stirred or moved with a spoon or spatula while they are broyled on a hot tile oven or frying pan lest they be burned and they must be taken out before they grow black Assation and Frixion differ thus The difference of Assation and Frixion Assation is with its own juice Frixion with an adventitious humour as with Butter Oil Wine Vinegar or other juice or liquor after which manner many Aliments are fryed and broyled as Beans and Pease both that they may be more pleasant and also that they may more depose their bad qualities Gal. 29. lib. 2. de Aliment Coriander seed is fryed Coriander seed that is it is prepared with Vinegar that its quality which is noxious to the brain may be obtunded Semina viticis are also to be fryed Agnus â—â—stus that the flatulent humour may be discussed and that they may inhibit Venery Now some are fryed in the oil of sweet Almonds Myrab Citrin Chebul Nigri for the composition of Tripherae Persicae some in the juice of unripe Grapes others in Wine or other Liquor according to the Physicians purpose and scope that they may acquire a better quality or lose their noxious or ill qualities CHAP. XIII Of Vstion MAny Medicaments especially such as are more solid as Minerals or such as are indued with a malignant quality are burned before they be fitted for mans use Some also are burned that they may be sooner pulverated as bones horns claws flax and hairs of Animals others are burned that they may change their colour others that they may obtain a new faculty and one fit for our purpose Many sharp Medicaments are sometimes burned that they may grow milde and lose their Acrimony others not sharp that they may acquire Acrimony And thus as Galen in prooemio l. 9. simpl took notice that many sharp Medicaments lose much heat by burning and many not sharp assume and acquire heat thereby This he proves by the example of Vitriol which becomes more milde and moderate by ustion and some not sharp become more hot and crude by ustion as Fex
may be burned after divers manners but before ustion The way to burn Lead it is for the most part attenuated either by filing or slicing then put into a new earthen pot and so to be burned Sulphur being mixed with it till it may easily be pulverated Now this Sulphur must be interjoyned with the plates or slices and so both inflamed together and stirred with an iron spatula In the interim heware lest the most noxious exhalation of the Lead pierce the nostrils Halitus plumbi for it greatly hurts the brain by its commixture with Quicksilver because of which also it offends the nerves and often causes stupidity and the Palsey to such especially as work much in Lead Now Sulphur and Nitre is put to the thing to be burned being a very valid and strong compage to the thing whose volatibles would sooner be dissipated otherwise than their fixed parts overcome by the flame as Alcumists observe And Assation is related to Ustion yea 't is a certain way to â—â—stion so is Ustion to Calcination and Calcination to Cinefaction but Cinefaction is most competent to Combustion for all combustible things are ordained for flames For in Minerals where there is scarce any fuel for the flame few or no ashes are left after Ustion of wood nothing but ashes yet both combustible and incombustible things may be levigated Combustibles whil'st they are attenuated into ashes by burning Incombustibles whil'st after Ustion by pulveration or grinding on a Marble stone they are attenuated into Alcool or small dust If these shall not satisfie the Reader he shall finde a more special ustion of Medicaments daily used of us in our Book called the Apothecaries Shop CHAP. XIV Of Extinction EXtinction is a suffocation of a matter hot or fiery in some Liquor Extinctio quid Now this matter is extinguished either when often burned or when onely ignified or heated as when Gems or Metals are extinguished in Wine-vinegar pure or stillatitious matter or some juice or liquor till they be totally cold ere they have been perfectly burned Many things are oft to be extinguished as Lapis Pyrites some but once as Galls and some are extinguished of themselves without the affusion of any humid matter Weckerus saith that Quicksilver may be extinguished with mans fasting spittle yet things not ignified are improperly said to be extinguished but be mended and prepared by fasting Spittle and mended by Sage for Spittle makes it more apt to be incorporated with other mixtures Sage amends corrects and asswages its fierceness for Sage is so called from its preservative faculty Salvia as it were Salvatrix for it much roborates the brain and nerves which the malevolent faculty of Quicksilver offends which should be mended with the juice of Sage A lump or mass of Gold often burned in the fire Aqua extinctionis auri is sometimes extinguished in common water which water is good for such as have the bloody Flux to shut the orifices of the vessels and for the leprous to roborate their principal parts and exhilerate their spirits for it is not a rash conceit that Gold as well refreshes the internals as the externals As the water wherein Steel hath often been extinguished is usefull to drive away many affects so Steel it self beaten to dust burned and extinguished in Vinegar is excellent for many uses of which more elswhere The virtue of Extinction is such that it attracts and retains the virtues of the humour in which it is extinguished So Cadmia or Lapiâ— Galaminaris is sometimes extinguished in Wine sometimes in Vinegar for the various institutions of the Physician and Iron is sometimes extinguished in water mixed with oil that it may be more doctile to be made into Helmets or such pieces of Armour sometimes in water onely that it may be the more fragil CHAP. XV. Of Calfaction Insolation and Refrigeration CAlfaction is a certain manner of preparing Medicaments Calfactio quid as well simple as compound whereby they are neither boyled nor burned but moderately calefyed either in the sun or by the fire or by the heat of some putrid matter that these may be strained mollified and mixed more commodiously or that they may be used more easily and happily So an infused Medicament is calefied before it be strained not onely that all its quality may be transmitted into the liquor but that the liquor may more readily-permeate and wholly draw out Apothecaries do successfully give hot Glysters prescribed for such as labour in the Collick if it proceed not from choler warm ones to such as are sick of a Feaver not that their grief should wax hotter but to mitigate it and help the motion of Nature and the exclusion of the humour upward may be more easy Scarce any thing actually cold should be exhibited whether the remedy be applyed or assumed Also Baths and the very Linnen sick folks use should be moderately warmed Many Medicaments also must be calefied that they may more easily be broken mixed dissolved and strained Insolation is so like and near to Calfaction Insolatio quid that the one may easily supply the others course and place for they both promise the same effect And it is like a certain coction Hydromel vinosum quomodo fiat when Hydromel is calefied by being set in the Sun forty dayes whil'st the Dog-star rules for being more concoct it may be a taste like Wine Yet doth not this Art onely make it become like Wine What Hydromel is but that which is prepared of four pints of running water and one pound of honey must be so long cocted before Insolation till a raw egge may swim above it which we call Hydromel Now Conserves are insolated or calefied in the Sun that all their parts may be fermented together and their more humid matter discussed especially such as are prepared of cold leaves and flowers and should be kept a long time which will be a means to hinder their working up The juice of the herb Scylla by Galens advice cap. ult lib. de puere epileptico must be drawn out by Insolation or Coction in the Sun when the Air is obscure it may be extracted with fire and such Medicaments as by the institution of Winter cannot be insolated may be dryed by the Fire in Winter by the Sun in Summer Many Oils may be made by the infusion of flowers and permixtion of other things and may be insolated for the space of more or fewer dayes as the quantity and faculty of the thing infused requires For things more hot and dry need little or no Insolation cold and moyst longer Insolation Vinegar altered by flowers Vinegar of Roses must be prepared after the same manner For Rose leaves should be more insolated Elder flowers a shorter time as also that Vinegar which admits of Garlick Mint the flowers of Betony and Gilliflowers The Refrigeration also of Medicaments pertains to the Apothecary Refrigeratio for he refrigerates
such things as he would have to congeal as jelly as also such things as are after coction hard he reposes in his Shop as solid Electuaries dry Conserves and Plasters Now Refrigeration differs from Extinction in this that all things extinguished are refrigerated not on the contrary c. CHAP. XVI Of Putrefaction and Fermentation GAlen out of Aristotle observes cap. 9. lib. 2. de diff feb comm ad part 1. lib. 3. epid that Putrefaction proceeds alwayes from external heat in a humid matter as also the internal heat cocteth and corrupteth not So also whatever is in every part dry doth never apertly putrifie as we see neither Brick nor Gold nor Silver to putrifie And because things are putrid from an external heat Mensis Philosophicus Chymicorum Putrefaction is a kinde of Coction as when some medicamental matter is left in a Vial occinded in dung or as Alcumists say a Horses belly for they give feigned names to their feigned art for the space of thirty and sometimes forty dayes the last term whereof is called by them the Philosophical month and the Liquor of this Putrefaction menstruous or Putrefaction finished in a months space The Alcumists own this kinde of preparation Menstruum quid Chymicis as peculiar to themselves but Galen many years before they were hatched taught how to putrifie the Gem Calcitis and Litargie obruted with dung after they were put into a new pot with Vinegar And the Apothecaries also of our time have in this owned Galen who macerate and putrifie the branches of black Poplar for many months together either with Hogs grease for the confection of the Populeon Unguent or with Oil for the Medicine helping weariness Fermentation is not so proper to Medicaments Fermentatio as to Meats and Drinks for a lump of Dough is fermented or leavened that it may make more pleasant and wholsome Bread Wine and Beer are fermented when they grow cold and when there is a segregation of the sincere Suck or Juice Dregs or Faces Sirrups Conserves and Electuaries are also then fermented when new made they refrigerate in the Vessels Alcumists have their fermentation also which they sometimes call Vivification and sometimes Resuscitation for thereby they say that the matter perished is as it were resuscitated from the dead and acquires new virtues The vain Gold-mongers also promise that such a Fermentation will conduce to the transmutation of Metals but they never yet knew the matter of the Ferment nor the manner of its confection CHAP. XVII Of Dissolution MEdicaments are wont to be variously changed before they be exhibited for the most part when whole Medicaments will not serve they are prepared by some triture or dissolution in some liquor or other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now this dissolution is a certain triture whereby Medicaments as well simple as compound are dissolved in some fit humour to a moderate consistency and sometimes smaller sometimes thicker according to the Physicians purpose Now Medicaments are dissolved for many uses first Dissolutionis usus multiplex that they may be easily assumed secondly that they may more readily be compounded with others thirdly that they may sooner be distributed fourthly that they may penetrate into the part affected and if need be remain there as when liquid Medicaments are injected into the belly bladder intestines or any Ulcer in the body fifthly Medicaments are dissolved that they may afterwards be strained and that their virtues purged from excrements may sooner enter the inward parts Thus Medicaments which break the Stone Dithontriptica are dissolved sometimes in white Wine sometimes in the juice of Limmons in the water of Wall pelitory Radish-roots or such like that they may more easily permeate the holes of the reins and the passages of the ureters On the contrary such as are to be moved with the Spittle are to be dissolved in a thicker matter as in Conserves or Sirrup Anachartasis quomodo movonda that they may appear rather as a Medicine to be sucked than drunk And as Triture so also Infusion and oftentimes Calefaction are requisite to Dissolution for such as are hard pliant and viscid can scarce be dissolved till they be broken or steeped or calefied by the Sun or Fire Thus many Medicaments may be dissolved presently after Triture and many kinds of Earth others not without long agitation as all shels of Fishes and many more Some require both Maceration and Calfaction as many Gummes which before dissolution should be macerated with strong Vinegar Aqua vitae or strong Wine But Metals and Minerals cannot be dissolved in any juice or liquor Non quavis in quovis liquore dilui but in the juice of Limmons in Vinegar distilled or in such Watert as the Alcumists call strong Waters Any Medicament therefore is not dissolved in any liquor but in some fit and determinate one for Turpentine may lie a whole natural day in water or in a decoction and scarce be dissolved without some Eggs yolks be superadded In general Grease Marrow and Fatness are melted at the fire that they may be more easily dissolved and ingrede the composition of Unguents and Plaisters All kinds of odoriferous Medicaments are dissolved in cordial Waters or altering Waters for moyst medicinal Plaisters Pils or other Purges whether compound or simple are dissolved in Aqua vitae or other convenient Liquor by an artificial sedulity in drawing out their extracts Solid things also which neither can nor ought to be exhibited in that form are first to be broken and dissolved in some convenient liquor that they may more safely and easily be assumed CHAP. XVIII Of Liquation ALL Medicaments after due preparation thereunto may be dissolved but few can be melted for Stones may be burned Wood accended but in no wise melted because not congulated with cold Liquatio quid For saith Aristotle cap. 6. lib. 7. meteor Liquation is a solution of those things which are congealed by cold into a more liquid and fluent consistency by heat as Fatness Marrow Oil in winter and such like which with little cold are concreted and with little heat diffuded But such things as are concreted with diurnal cold are very hard to â—elt as Gold Brass and Iron the fusion whereof rather pertains to such as are exercised in Metals and not in Medicaments to an Artist and not a Philosopher Liquation differs from Dissolution Dissolutio non nisi fit cum humere in that Liquation is alwayes caused by heat and seldome or never with any humour Dissolutition alwayes with humours seldome with heat Lead is soon melted with heat Sulphur Pitch and Rosin sooner Salt Manna Sugar Gums of Ivy Prunes Juniper and other Trees are sometimes worked in hot water and so diffused that they may be dissolved The Alcumists have illustrated a Pyrothecny Quomodo metalla facile liquentur and have invented many things whereby the liquative or fusitive Art is enriched as
when Sal Ammoniack once sublimated with common Salt then twice by it self will make hard Metals forthwith fluid Copper also may be easily melted otherwise if onely a little of an Asses hoof be injected to it in melting Now the use of Liquation in Pharmacy is great for it causes the Medicaments to change their form and acquire a new one and it also purges them that their impure parts might be separated from the pure and mundane CHAP. XIX Of Mollition and Duration MAny preparations of Medicaments hold such affinity with others that they are often taken for the same as Liquation and Mollition which onely differ according to their degree of more or less so that Mollition is the beginning of Liquation For all things that are melted first grow soft and many things after mollition if they be longer calefied melt yet not all for Ivory Claws and Horns may be mollified but not melted Now Mollition happens two wayes Mollitionem fieri duobus modis either by heat onely of the Fire Sun or Animal or of some putrid matter or by some affunded humour as when wax is mollified in hot water or some harder medicamental mass is steeped in some sirrup or convenient liquor till it be mollified and yield to the touch which according to Galen cap. ult lib. 3. de differ puls is Judge of the hard or soft body Mother of Pearl Shell-fishes and Egge-shels macerated in distilled Vinegar are so mollified that they may be wrought or drawn as you please It is also thought that Ivory may be mollified with Beer or by being boyled for the space of six hours with the root of Mandrakes Horns rarefied by the fire or long boyled in water or buried seven dayes in dung do grow soft It is thought the Coral in the juice of Barberies Pearls in the juice of Limmons and many Stones in certain Liquors rightly prepared will be softned Since according to Galen cap. 1. lib. 4. de dignos puls Duratjo those things are hard to which our flesh yields and those soft which yield to our flesh the doctrine of Mollition and Duration is as opposite in the same consideration Duration takes place in Pharmacy in compound Medicaments which being preserved for use ought to be somewhat dryed and solid as Electuaries dry Conserves Salves Pils Trochisks and some Sirrups Now Medicaments are hardned by cold Quot modis medicament a indurentur heat and the admixtion of dry things By cold as when such things as are melted or onely mollified are removed from the fire and being exposed to the air do refrigerate and harden By heat when Medicaments are boyled to their just consistency and their humid part absumed for so being dryer they become obdurate Medicaments also harden by the admixtion of dry things either that they may keep longer or that in such a consistency they may be more easily and safely exhibited or applyed CHAP. XX. Of Siccation SUch Simples as are to be preserved all Winter or such as are brought from forreign Countryes ought to be accurately dryed before they be reposed in Chests Boxes or Bags for their excremental humidity coacted and not dilated soon corrupteth and then their wholsome quality faileth Neither are Medicaments dryed onely for conservation sake Quare medicamenta siccentur but often times that they may be pulverated that their virtues may be more effectual Now whatsoever is moyst and should be dry it must be dryed in the sun or by the fire or left in a very windy shade voyd of rain and dust till it be withered and its superfluous humidity altogether dissipated Those things are dryed to pulveration by the heat of the fire which are burned in a furnace or oven or on burning coals as Bones Claws Horns Shels or in an earthen pot as hairs of Animals and such things as are put in a fire pan or covered in a dish or platter set in or upon an oven where bread was lately extracted for so Plums Pears Cherries and such humid Fruits are wont to be dryed Leaves and flowers Quae in sole melius siccentur whose colour should remain after drying are best dryed by the Suns heat especially in Summer and Autumn Seeds also gathered before perfect maturity or in time of rain or when the necessity of the matter requires it cannot be exactly dryed but in the Sun or by the fire Thick and juicy roots also unless they be cut small may be dryed better in a place exposed to the Sun and North-winde than in a shade not agitated with the winde and the desiccation of many is to no purpose unless insolation have preceded Yet small roots do easily dry in a shade as also many great ones if they be cut into little pieces fixed on a thread and exposed to the â—â—ady air so it be windy not wet Leaves do more easily dry which being bound in a bundle are exposed to the externall air partly to the heat of the fire being suspended for the most part on the beames of shopps flowers most easily for being laid upon a paper or dish and moved they are presently dry Now leaves when dryed are to be reposed in baggs of Canvas or paper roots flowers and feeds in vessells of glass or wood The flowers of water Lillyes because more grosse and humid Quomodo Cortices flores siccandi must be put upon a thread that so exposed to the air they may more commodiously dry The pills of Oranges Limmons and Pomegranates as also spungy roots are dryed after the same manner in shops Foxes Lungs washed in wine may be dryed in an oven not very hot Harts peezles in the open air Wolves intestines in the shade figgs and grapes in the Sun as also solid Confections which after their conditure must be preserved in sugar or syrrup CHAP. XXI Of Expression STrong compression is often requisite to separate the more pure and thin substance of Medicaments from the terrestriall and grosse which since the hands alone cannot execute Mesueus invented a presse whereby Medicaments put in a strong hempen or hairy bag may be so strongly pressed that the whole thin substance will be compelled to go out the grosse and more compact remaining Thus wine is compelled from the grapes into hogsheads Pomaceus qui siat Intinctus viridis thus the juice of apples is educed to the confection of Sidar thus Seplasiaries extract the juice of young corne for that condiment prepared with a little vinegar tosted bread and some such like things Vinum ex herbis which they call the green intinct of some Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine made of hearbs Many are put in a cloth then wringed in ones hands Aqua alumnlosa quibus constet till they be sufficiently expressed as the juice of Sorrell Purslane and Plantain for confecting alum-Alum-water add whites of Eggs and Alum to the former After the like manner is the expression of Rhabarb Agarick and other
Medicaments in some decoction or convenient juice or water that what is usefull may be taken and what is noxious ejected Acacia is drawn by compression out of the juice of the seed of the Egyptian bramble or thorn dryed in a shade it looks black Acacia if drawn out of mature seed ruddy of immature Expression therefore is sometimes of the simple juice of some Medicament sometimes of the same macerated in a decoction or water as when the infusion of oyles and decoction of syrrups is distrained Anacardian Honey is expressed out of small and young Anacards long boyled for out of these thus tabefied proceeds a thick liquor Mel Anacardinum qui fiat which they call Mel Anacardinum which that it may be well made according to Arnaldus de Villa nova Cap de memor defunct the Anacards should be beaten and macerated in vinegar seven dayes on the eight day boyled on a slow fire till two parts be dissipated then its Colature boyled with Honey is of many called Mel Anacardinum That juices expressed may be long preserved without putrefaction Quomodo suci diu sine putredine servandi it is requisite that salt be intermixed or they reposed in a vessell of a strait mouth oyl being superadded to a fingers thickness Infused Medicaments and juices are sometimes to be strained with a light sometimes with a hard expression And simple oyles can scarce be extracted without hard compression whether with or without fire for oyle of Almonds may be extracted either way as also that which is drawn from Pistace nutts and other oyly fruits CHAP. XXII Of Extraction ALl expression is a certain extraction but not the contrary for many things are extracted without expression as juices and rosins of plants cut or smitten Euphorbium unde quomodo colligatur thus Euphorbium is extracted out of the Lybian tree wounded with a long speare into sheep skins bound about the tree that is smitten for its Acrimony doth so infect the tast and smell and stir up such ardour in the mouth and nostrills The Rusticks are called to collect this juice who allured with the reward smite the tree at distance that they may be lesse hurt with the noxious fervour of the Euphorbium who for all this never depart safe and without hurt Elaterium by Dioscorides his advise Elaterium quomodo parandum must be extracted out of the wild Cucumbers Cap. 148. lib. 4. after this manner The Cucumbers being gathered those which with touching fall off let them be kept one night the next day a small sieve being set upon a goblet or basin take the Cucumbers in thine hands and cleave them one by one on a knife with the edge upward and the point toward thy face and then the juice will be expressed through the sieve into the vessell set under and that the * * * From that substance which remains upon the top of the fire let the seeds be separated and let it be added to the facula for it is as effectuall as the other thicker part sticking to the sieve may send forth its liquor more easily straine it let the humour be stirred in the basin then let it stand and covered with a linnen cloth set it in the Sun when it hath stood a while poure out the water that swims at top without moving the feces whereby part of it will be effuded and part exhausted then beat in a morter the settlements and make it into little Trochisks when it is dryed on a sufficient consistency Juices onely are not extracted from integrall Plants or their parts as Hypocistis of the spriggs growing from the roots of Cistus the juice of Liccorice and Cyrene Laserpitium but severall other liquors from the incisions of trees and barks of shrubs and stalks as Gumms Rosins Lachrymae Amongst extracted Gumms are counted Gum Amoniack Gummi Sagapene Gum of Panan or Opoponax Galbane Bdellium Myrrhe Storax Frankincense and many more which for their severall natures are hard or easy to be extracted Some flow out spontaneously without wounding the tree when the bark in Summer gapes by reason of the heat Rosins are more easily extracted because more fluent Resinae falling down without the help of hands as that which runneth of Turpentine trees which is the best of Rosines as Dioscorides Cap. 67. lib. 1. The Rosin from the Mastick tree is the second those next that are extracted out of the Pine and Fir trees Amongst teares or exudations many things take place Lachryâ—â—ae as the water that flowes from a vine cut the milk of all Tithymalls and the thick juice of Poppies which when it is congealed is called Opium In many plants therefore the barke onely is wounded and thence distills 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is tears into a bason or some such vessell hanged for the purpose in many the roots are wounded or quite cut sometimes also the boughs thus Balsam is extracted out of the Phrygian shrub its bark being slashed with an Ivory knife for it may not be done with Iron or Steele without great damage to the juice The extraction of oyles is yet unhandled which is done diverssy after an artificial manner For they are extracted either by distillation which is by ascent or descent of which the Alcumists masse of books is full or by expression or infusion of which we have spoken before and shall treat more largely in our Medicamentall shop or Pharmacopoea CHAP. XXIII Of Chymicall Extracts THere is no little difference betwixt the extractions of Apothecaries and those of Alcumists for the Apothecaryes extract onely a certain liquor as Rosin Gums or such fluid matters and separate them from the more grosse and solid substance but Alcumists do not onely desert the grosse body but exhale the thinnest substance till a very little portion and that somewhat thicker be left to which the vertue of the whole doth adhere as united to its subject whence they call it an extract as it were the essence extracted and separated from the body For such an Extract doth contain most excellent vertues in a small quantity a dragme whereof exhibited is of no lesse efficacy than a whole ounce of any Medicament with its grosse substance They are wont to give these extracts to those whose ventricles loathed Apothecaryes Medicines and who had plenty of wealth for to prescribe the extract of Rhabarbe or Pearle to a poor man were to take away his life Now these extracts of Medicaments as well simple as Compound Extractum quomodo parandum are often made after this manner the Medicament is washed being first small sliced or if it be a masse of Pills or an Electuary it is dissolved in the best Aqua vitae or other fit liquor so as it be covered two fingers in a vessell well and close stopped then it is left two or three dayes in a hot place then they make a strong expression which is afterward put in
a little oil of Almonds and then obvolved in fine leather or some thin bladder it must at last be reposed in a tinne or leaden box When a part of that masse is to be used Crassâ—ties pilularum qualis esse debeat it must answer a definite Dosis and if need be be beaten with a fit juice that it may be mollified and pills may thereof be made greater or lesser or mean as we desire they should stay more or lesse time in the belly Pills Pilulae validiores quando jumendae that draw humour strongly from the head or other remote parts should be exhibited foure or five houres after a slender supper or about midnight and it is good to sleep after they be assumed Such as purge benignly Benignae quando may be safely swallowed an houre or two before any meale such as are in a mean are most safely used upon a jejune stomack in the morning Halfe a dramme is enough to move the belly Pilularum dosis often a whole dram is given of the valid to purge more potently and to strong bodies a dram and half which purge grosse humours some there are who are averse to all pills others to none some will assume none but the greater sort others none but little ones in a spoon with much syrup many will scarce assume any unlesse they be involved in cherryes or the skins of dry grapes some will swallow them hidden in the yolk of an egge or in the leaves of spinage or lettices cocted others will swallow then after some other manner for their ingratefull sapour hath invented a thousand wayes to assume them CHAP. XV. Of Trochisks SOme Medicaments are from the forme of little wafers called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as it were little round bread like lupines or sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Pastills Orbicles and they are thus formed for the Medicaments conservation and sometimes correction for Medicaments are more safely kept in that solid forme than in powders Yet they must be pulverated for use Pilulae bechicae if they cannot be assumed whole such onely excepted as by some are called Bechicall pills which must melt in the mouth for Trochisks of Scilla and vipers in in the confecture of a Treacle lose the forme of pastills and are pulverated And they are made of Medicaments for the most part dry or beaten and dissolved with wine water or other liquor till they acquire the consistency of pills and then they are formed into orbicles and then dryed in a shade before they be reposed in boxes where they may be kept a whole year sometimes two or three especially if they admit of Opium in their confection or any valid Medicament whose strength is not easily dissipated Trochisks therefore because of their obdurity and density do preserve very long that strength of those Medicaments whereof they consist and they more easily resist the injury of the air which Powders cannot do but being very small condescend to the air and are therewith easily changed yet are not all Trochisks made of Powders but some of Medicaments which cannot be pulverated as Scilla and vipers flesh Neither are Trochisks onely introsumed but also externally applyed those that are assumed at the mouth as they may be made of every kind of Medicaments so do they receive from Medicaments their roborating purging and altering faculties those are said to roborate which having respect to a particular place augment its strength as Trochisks of Galliae Moschatae roborate the brain Trochisciroborantes of Terra lemnia the heart of Rhabarbe the Liver of Diarrhodon the ventricle of Capers the spleen such as are confected of Catharticks retain the strength of their simples and by moving the belly Purgantes expell the humours as Trochisks of Agarick Alhanhal and of Rhabarbe we judge the same of altering Trochisks Alterantes which by their opposite quality change any distemper as cold hot or hot cold dry moist or moist dry Neither do we want Trochisks for externall affections as those which from their forme colour and Author are called white Trochisks of Rhases and many other which are grinded on a marble that Sief may be made for Collyries to many affections of the eyes The peculiar Confection of Trochisks shall be more largely explained in our book intitled the shop it rests now that we treat of those Medicaments which are only externally applyed THE SECOND SECTION OF THE THIRD BOOK Wherein is delivered a general explication of external Medicaments CHAP. I. Of Oils AS all Diseases are either internally generated or externally annexed so all Remedies that are prescribed to them are either internal of which we have largely heretofore treated or external to which we shall now speak And we shall begin our explication of local Medicaments with Oil which by right vindicates the first place to it self because the Apothecary may want many Medicaments but scarce Oil at all Gal. cap. 3. lib. 6. simpl med Oleum alimentum est medicamentum For it is not onely brought to the table because it is sweet and expressed out of mature Olives for hereunto we understand the denomination of Oil properly attributed but the very basis of Unguents Plaisters and Sear-cloaths and the common bond of those Simples whereof they are confected And because it is of it self temperate or hot and moyst in the first degree or as Galen saith cap. 25. lib. 3. simpl medic because it is a medium betwixt hot and cold moyst and dry Medicaments it helps lassitude and wearisomeness leniates asperities mollifies and cleanses the squalid skin and both wholsomely and pleasantly cures many affections which he mentioneth cap 6 7. lib. 2. simpl medic Now Oils which are frequently used Oleorum differentiae are either simple or compound those are simple which are homogeneal and receive nothing from Art but extraction which is made without the mixture of other things Pallas inventrix olei After which manner Minerva first educed Oil and taught that Art as Diodorus writes for before her Garden there was an Olive tree unknown to all as also the use of Oil which before that time no man had taught how to educe And almost all Oils drawn out by expression are simple as Oils simply so called which is expressed out of mature Olives Omotribes Oleum omotribes or Omphacinum which is of unripe Olives as also Oil of Almonds Wallnuts and other Fruits as other Oils educed out of Seeds which differ even as the Seeds for hot Oil is extracted out of hot Seeds and cold out of cold Seeds Yet all Oils are somewhat changed with age and because of the dissipation from the watry part that which is hot becomes hotter and the cold refrigerates more slowly for old Oil according to Galen cap. 6. lib. 1. compos medic secundum gener hath power to extenuate which is an effect of heat Oil also according to the
diversity of the Fruit out of which it is extracted as being mature or immature and according to the manner of preparation and alteration induced by Art acquires another and different quality and efficacy in alteration As for example Oleum ovorum Oil of Egs yolks though it be not perfectly mixed yet by losing some humidity by its preparation it is more hot and dry and is a Medicine most usefull in smoothing the skin and curing an impetiginous itching and other affectious of the skin as also some fistulous and malign ulcers The same quality happens to all expressed by the force of the fire from which they perpetually retain their acquired heat Olei amygdalini facultas And when Oil of Almonds is thus extracted it is onely extrinsecally applyed when without fire it is sucked up like a gratefull Lohoch to ease the asperity of the rough artery and coct and move Spittle so that it is oft given with a little Sugar to Children that are troubled with coughing or that have any distillation from the brain to the lungs without any purging Medicaments especially without anodynal Medicaments That Oils may be extracted the Fruits and Seeds should first be purged and the Apothecaries do ill that extract Oil out of Almonds before decortication The Seeds cleansed are brayed with a pestel Olea exprimendi modus after contusion they are put into a pan and set upon the fire and stirred pretty long that they may calefy then are they involved in a rough cloth and subjected to a wooden press till by valid compression the Oils be expressed Those that we would educe without the help of fire or heat must after they be bruised very small be presently put into the press that the Oil may exude by drops Petreol which is educed out of Salt-petre from whence it hath its denomination takes place amongst simple Oils But our purpose is to treat of such as are made by Art Liquidambor and Balsam also are simple Oils which distill by drops out of the incisions of forreign Trees But more of this in our Shop Some simple Oils also are distilled sometimes as well by ascent as by descent as out of Juniper Guaiacum Cloves and such like Olea educta per ascensum descensum both wood and dry Fruits which being put into a pot Oil ascends into the vessel above by virtue of the fire set under or descends into the vessel set under by virtue of the fire above Yet are not all Oils extracted by descent nor alwayes by the help of the fire for Oil may easily exude out of Tartarum and Myrrhe included in a bag and suspended in a moyst place as in a Wine-cellar Of all which manners of educing Oils more elsewhere But compound Oils wherewith the Apothecary should be especially furnished are such in which the matter of stocks fruits flowers and of any simple is infused and macerated After which the whole is insolated till the strength of the matter remain in the Oil which is afterwards expressed and reposed After this manner are made the Oil of Violets Roses St. Johns wort Water-lillies and many more which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Unguenta and especially those which may be inspissated by the admistion of gums and odoriferous things whence they are called Myropolitans or Unguentarians who sold such Oils and Unguents as were suaveolent with whom any fragrant Oil was taken for an Unguent as Unguents for Oils We scarce approve of their opinion which call onely them simple Oils which are made of Flowers Fruits or other Simples infused macerated and insolated in Oil of Olives and those compound Oils which are cocted on a slow fire with wine water infusion or convenient decoction till almost all the admixed humour be assumed for those seem no less but rather more compound than these because not onely the total power of the things infused but a good portion of the substance in which it inheres remains with the Oil after expression in the former Hence that Oil which partakes of no excess but is temperate is such perpetually from the condition of the thing infused which if cold then is the Oil cold if hot hot if it have the power to exsiccate then will the Oil exsiccate Such Oils as are educed by expression onely Quibus vasis olea servanda or by maceration and expression together may be most safely kept if reposed in vessels of glass or clay perfectly before hardned with the valid heat of a fornace But such as are educed by distillation whether by ascent or descent which are commonly called Chymists essences must alwayes be kept in solid glass vessels with strait orifices close covered left their substance and quality being dissipable soon expire CHAP. II. Of Vnguents UNguents as Galen testifies cap. ult lib. 7. simpl med were called by the Antients Oily Medicaments confected of suaveolent spices and according to Actuarius cap. 1. lib. 5. meth are onely externally applyed and being onely spread along are thought to benefit but such parts as cannot endure other remedies such parts as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. collect saith are grieved with Cataplasms and hurt with fluent madefactions Now Unguents are of a grosser consistency than Oils and a mean betwixt Oils and Plaisters as Liniments betwix Oils and Unguents for a more liquid Unguent is called very often a Liniment Unguenta cur dicta inventa of the confection and use whereof we shall treat more at large in the fifth Chapter And because the consistency of Unguents Liniments and Sear-cloaths do not much differ they are used sometimes indistinctly for that is called a Liniment wherewith the parts to be helped are liniated that an Unguent wherewith they are anointed and that a Sear-cloth which made of Wax and Oil is applyed The Arabians under the name of Unguents oft comprehend Sear-cloaths and Plaisters and many thick Oils and the antient Greeks all well smelled Ointments so Dioscorides lib. 1. calls many sweet Oils Unguents and Hippocrates lib. 1. de medic affirms that Physicians should not onely get fame and glory of the Vulgar by the good constitutions of their bodies and decent Ornaments but by sweet Unguents that is by aromatical and suaveolent things Yet for clearer explications sake they are distinguished from one another and an Unguent properly is an Oily Medicament Unguentum quid of a middle consistency betwixt Oils and Plaisters which yet doth not still remain alike for when heat is more vehement the unctious and fat matter melts more and the Unguents become more liquid and soft and when the heat is weaker more solid and therefore Unguentarians use to put less Oil in Summer and more in Winter to their Unguents for cold inspissates a fluent Unguent as Oil it self which Galen observes cap. 1. lib. 8. comp med gener in the composition of his stomachical Sear-cloth Now that proportion of Oil must be observed in the confection of Unguents
the heart of the waters of Bugloss Scabious Cardaus Sorrel Roses of each ℥ iij. spec diamarg. frigid Triasant of eachʒ j. ss Powder of Tormentill Gentian Dictamus and grains of Kermes of eachʒ ss with which besprinkle a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the region of the heart The Antients much commended the use of Scarlet cloth which is not approved of by the more recent because in its tincture it is infected with much Arsenick but I approve of it in poysonous diseases seeing poysons in such a case are often salutiferous CHAP. VII Of Lotion WE understand not by Lotion here a bath of cold water as Oribasius cap. 7. lib. 1. and Paulus cap. 51. lib. 1. do but the ablution of some particular member in some medicinal decoction to take away its filth correct its distemper digest its humour roborate its parts mitigate its dolour and to conciliate sleep This Decoction will by ablution of the head kill Lice ℞ Staves-acre ℥ ij Wormwood Tansy Betony A Lotion to kill lice the lesser Centanry of each m. ij Coloquintide seeds ℥ ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water till a third part be consumed and with a sponge wash his head This Lotion will denigrate the hairs of hoary heads which I prescribe to such old women as would not betray their age to their husbands by their whiteness ℞ The bark of Oke and Elm of each ℥ ij Galls ℥ ij the bark of Wallnuts lb. ss the leaves of the Pomegranate tree and Mirtle of each m. ss boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water adde thereunto Alum◠℥ ij Vitriol ℥ j. after the Colature wash the hairs therewith letting it dry in the Sun Yet Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. de comp med loc professes that he never exhibited any thing to such as adorned themselves for their own or others delight for this were all one as to paint a Sepulcher In times past men washed their heads more frequently than now adayes which caused of late this Proverb Wash your head never feet seldome hands often This Lotion made of the decoction of such Simples will mitigate calour and soporate the senses will by ablution of the feet therein conciliate sleep ℞ Lettice m. iij. Betony Water-lillyes of each m. ij Poppy flowers A Lotion to wash the feet to cause rest m. j. boyl them in water and wash the feet therewith CHAP. VIII Of an Embroche or Aspersion BY Embrochation we mean the irrigation of some part affected with some Oil Decoction or Liquor accommodated to the cure of that distemper distilled thereon like rain and hence Embroche from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to rain This Medicament according to Aetius cap. 172. ser 3. tetr 1. is used when bathing is for some circumstances prohibited And as it is the decoction of Poppy and Chamemile it conduces much to such as are infested with night-watches feavers and delirations Archigenes seeing his Master Agathinus to rave because of his long wakes freed him both from his deliry and wakings by irrigating his head with much hot Oil. These irrigations seem to differ from foments onely in this that they are distilled upon the part from on high the foments being onely applyed thereunto by sponges cloaths or in bags Now according to Oribasius Prigatio cap. 23. lib. 9. we use irrigation onely when some inflammation must be resolved or ulcer suppurated Aspersion but aspersion in washing the face and in hot feavers and that in Summer with cold water in Winter with warmer Yet in more simple Feavers as also in the subversion of the stomack we use water mixed with vinegar in aspersion We use aspersions also to cure eyes infested with fluxes by the decoction of Basil which is most efficacious subjecting a dry sponge under the chin lest the water 〈◊〉 down to the breast An Embroche or Irrigation is compounded of Simples cocted i◠Wine Water Lees or Oil as this same for the Lethargy ℞ Embroche capitis Cyperus Calamus Aromaticus Orris Bay tree of each ℥ ss Sage Rosemary Penniroyal Calamint Staechados of each m. ss Squinant Coriander seed Cummin seed of eachʒ ij boyl these in three pints of water till the third part be consumed adde to the Colature Aqua vitae ℥ iij. besprinkle this on the head An Irrigation to conciliate sleep consists of Simples endued with quite contrary qualities and is thus made ℞ Lettice m. ij Water-lillyes white Roses of each m. j. Poppy flowers Betony of each m. ss boyl these and let the Colature be sprinkled on the head To Irrigation we may refer the Stillicide or Laver of medicated waters but it is not now our intention to treat thereof but will proceed CHAP. IX Of a Liniment ALiniment is of a middle consistency betwixt an Unguent and Oil being more liquid than an Unguent Linimenium quid and more crass than Oil for it admits of a very little Wax and Fat in its confection and therefore is not fluid without incalescence at the Fire or Sun Its basis i◠Oil whereunto sometimes is added a little of refinous Fat with Wax yet not so much but it still retains its soft consistency for a Liniment is nothing but a very soft Unguent to the confection whereof any Oil may be assumed so it be accommodated with faculties requisite to the intended scope And therefore almost every Liniment being paregorical and lenitive is confected either of simple Oil or of Oil of Almonds Violets or such like which will not excessively alter any temper as this same to abate the dolour of the side in a Pleurisy ℞ Oil of sweet Almonds ℥ ij ss fresh Butter ℥ j. Litus ad pleuritidem a little Wax to make it up into a Linctus anoint the side therewith Now to mitigate some dolour caused by a frigid humour some Oil must be assumed which is calid in the same degree that it may correct the humours distemper As on the contrary this Liniment made of refrigerating Oils will amend the distemper and asswage the dolour caused by a calid humour ℞ Oil of Water-lillyes ℥ ij ss Oil of Roses ℥ ss Waxʒ iij. Let them be melted for a Liniment ℞ Oil of Violets ℥ ii the musilidge of Marsh-mallow roots or Linsud ℥ i. a little Wax to make it a Liniment and apply it to the part affected This Liniment will mitigate a cold distemper ℞ Oil of Chamomile and Dill of each ℥ i. ss Ducks fat ℥ i. A Litus for a cold distemper Wax ʒ iii. let these be melted together and make a Liniment CHAP. X. Of Mucagines or Musliges BEcause there is often mention made of Mucagines which are either applyed alone or mixed with other Medicaments our Institution leads us now to speak a little thereof Now this Mucilage is efficacious in mollifying humectating and leniating some dolour as that same which is extracted from glutinous roots and seeds sometimes it digests and attracts as
that same which is educed out of many gums The seeds of Line Foenugreek Mallows Quinces Flea-wort and Marsh mallow roots as also their roots macerated in warm water are very mucaginous Figs also Gum Arabick Tragacanthum and Isinglass if they be a whole night infused in water or other liquor and the next day recalefied and strongly expressed through a new cloth or bag will dimit much mucaginous matter Thus the mucage of Bdellium Sugâ—penum Ammoniacum and Galbanum is extracted to make up the confection of the mucilaginous Emplaister To every ounce of water or other liquor they ordinarily impose an ounce of seeds or roots but if the Mucage should be more crass then the quantity of roots or seeds must be augmented if more liquid diminished as one dram of seed to an ounce of water This Muslidge applyed to an inflammation helps much â„ž A Muslidge against inflammation The roots of Marsh mallows â„¥ ss Flea wort seedÊ’ ij â—nfuse them upon hot embers for a day and a half in Night-shade water afterwards strain it and apply it to the part affected This Mucage mitigates the dolour of the eyes caused by heat â„ž Another to the pain of the eyes from a hot cause Quinco kernelsÊ’ iij. infuse them a whole night in the water of Night-shade Water-lillyes and Eye-bright ana â„¥ i. ss in the morning extract the Muslidge and apply it to the part grieved CHAP. XI Of Collyryes IT is not enough that a Medicament be accommodated to an affection onely but it must be fitted to the part affected also for we do not prescribe one Medicament to the ears mouth nose and belly but exhibit a singular Medicament to each as will best fit it The eyes have their peculiar Medicaments called Collyryes which are endued with eximious qualities respecting their affections eximiously such as Galen speaks of libro de oculis libris 4 5. composit medicament loc as also Paulus and Aetius in many places There are two kinds of Collyryes the one dry Collyriorum differentia Collyria ficca called by the Arabians Sicf by the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Collyria fieca the other humid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are by the more recent called Collyries absolutely either because by their liquid form they are better accommodated to application the eyes not tolerating a hard and crass remedy or else because they are made of dry Collyries levigated upon a Marble and dissolved in water or such convenient liquor Some of the humid Collyries are of the consistency of Honey or a soft Unguent Tuthiae praeparatio as Tutia redacted to the form of an Unguent by much ustion and lotion with the juice of Fennel or other convenient liquor Others are altogether liquid and fluxile as all those which are made of the waters of Eye-bright Roses or Plantain with a small quantity of white Trochisks These should be reposed in glass vessels as the more solid in earthen pots And as a multitude of ocular affections are cured by Collyries so a multiplicity of materials go to their confecture as the whole Family of Medicaments whether of Minerals Animals or Plants from which either Powders can be efringed or Waters distilled or Juices extracted or Excrements desumed When you would quicken the sight make an oxydorcical Collyrie of such Medicaments as cure caligation as the galls of Animals the waters of Salendine and Eye-bright or the water of Community which confect thus â„ž Eye bright m. iij. Salendine Fennel Vervine Fumatory A water to quicken the sight ana m. ij Rue Balm ana m. j. Cloves Mace long Pepper ana â„¥ ss macerate them a whole night in equal parts of white Rose-water and white Wine then distill of the water with which wash the eyes This Collyrie will cure the pruriginous scabies of the eye-brows â„ž White wine * * * White For the scabies of the eye-lids Rose water ana â„¥ j. ss Hepatick Aloes finely pâ—lverized Ê’ j. mix them and make thereof a Collyrium This Collyrie will roborate and refrigerate â„ž A cooling and strengthening water for the eyes The water of Plantain and red Roses ana â„¥ ij whites of Eggs â„¥ ss mix them and beat them well together and make thereof a Collyrie This Collyrie applyed to the eyes will asswage their dolour â„ž For the pain of the eyes The waters of Purslain and Plantain ana â„¥ j. ss the mucilidge of Quince seeds made in Night shade water â„¥ j. mingle them fiat Collyrium This Collyrie will most efficaciously desiccate roborate and refrigerate â„ž A water strengthening and drying The water of Mouse-ear white Roses and Plantain ana â„¥ j. Troch alb RhasisÊ’ i. Tutty preparedÊ’ ss fiat Collyrium This Collyrie commonly called Eleiser roborates the eye and hinders the lapse of the fourth membrane or uvea and it is thus confected â„ž Collyrium Elciser Antimony Lapit Hematit anaÊ’ x. Acacia â„¥ ss AloesÊ’ j. let them be finely powdered cum aqua * * * Knotgrass Corrigiolae fiant Trochisci and when occasion calls for them dissolve one of them in white Rose water This other Collyrie which hath its denomination of Lead is endued with a sarcotical and consolidative faculty and is thus made â„ž A Collyrie of Lead Burnt Lead Antimony Tutty washed burnt Brass Gum Araback Traganth ana â„¥ j. Opium â„¥ ss make of these a Powder and with white Rose water form them into Trochisks which dissolve in white Rose water This Collyrie of Lanfrancus so called in whose Works I could never yet finde it is excellent against the French disease and is thus described by the antient Writers â„ž Collyrium Lanfranci White Wine lb j. of the water of Plantain and Roses of each a much as will suffice AuripigmentumÊ’ ij VerdigreaseÊ’ j. Alâ—es Myrrke ana ℈ ij let these be finely powdered and make thereof a Collyrium CHAP. XII Of Virgins milk VIrgins milk is one of those Medicaments which the sedulity of our age hath invented the making of which works no small admiration in the Vulgar whil'st of two unicolourous juices mixed together they educe a third white viscid and lent substance like milk to the spectators eyes Thus many exhibiting a specimen of their ingeny are believed to do miracles while they onely unfold Natures secrets Lac virginale cur dicitur Now it is called Virgins milk partly from its colour whereby it is like milk partly from its consistency and virtues wherein it is eximious even to delete the freckles of the skin which change and adulterate the virgin and genuine colour of the face This topical Medicament is made after many wayes whereof this is the most ordinary Receipt â„ž Litharidge of Gold finely powderedÊ’ iij. white wine vinegar of the best and strongest lb. ss mingle them together stir them with a wooden spatula for three hours afterwards filter the liquor through a brown paper in the form of a funnel
â„¥ ij Oil of Lillyes â„¥ iij. One made of the powder of Linseed cocted in Hydreol to a just consistency will exceedingly mollify and mitigate any dolour This Cataplasm will educe viscid humours open the pores and dissipate flatuosity â„ž Briony root lb. j. Sowbread root â„¥ iij. Mercury m. ij Flatus dissipant boyl them till they become soft in water with a fourth part of white wine bruise them and traject them through a sieve to the pulp adde powder of Bay-berryes â„¥ ss powder of Fennel seeds and Cummin and Chamomile flowers anaÊ’ ij Lupines and Faenugreek ana â„¥ j. Oil of Orris as much as suffices to make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm made of common bread Syncomistum which they call Syncomistum is good for all things if we believe Oribasius For saith he it is convenient almost for all inflammations when it is confected with water and oil of Roses That also is good for many dolours which is confected of leavened bread and oil for it ripens obdurateness heals contusions attracts lurking humours to the skin digests and resolves them There are various forms of Pultises recorded in every Author which here to rehearse would be as endless as useless since these few examples may suffice CHAP. XVI Of Catapasms Empasms and Diapasms ODoriferous Powders compounded of many Aromataes Catapasma quid which for fragrancy and suavities sake are strewed upon cloaths are properly called Catapasms Those Powders also which after litation are applyed to some part of the body as to the stomack for its roboration and those odoriferous Powders which are made for Condiments and other uses as Sarcotical for generation of flesh in ulcers Catheretical for absumption in superfluous flesh Epulotical for the induction of a skar are called Catapasms Paul c. 13. l. 7. But because we have treated of these before we shall not further prosecute that subject neither would we have spoken a word thereupon but for that same paranomasy there is betwixt a Catapasm and a Cataplasm The less affinity falling in the denominations of Empasm and Diapasm leads us to shew their difference each from other as also how they both differ from a Cataplasm Now according to Oribasius cap. 31. lib. 10. Empasma quid those are Empasms which are adhibited to cohibit immoderate heat or other exhalations or to scarify the extremity of the skin or to remove a Pleurisy Those Diapasms Diapasma quid which are accommodated to conciliate suaveolence to the skin or body either by way of Powder Unguent or Liniment Those Cataplasms which are confected after the former description and for the uses we mentioned in the foregoing Chapter Empasins are either used to stay the immoderate fluour of sweat which is not critical but dissolves Natures strength or to help the Mydroptical Sciatical or Orthopnoical Patients Those that stay and cohibit the profusion of sudours consist of Parget dry and levigated Mirtle Pomegranate pils Syrian Sumack Sorb apples dryed and brayed Galls Acacia and such like Astrictives Those that help such as are diseased with the Dropsy such as are infested with the Sciatica and such as cannot breathe unless they hold their neck strait up are confected of Sand burned Wine lees Nitre Salt Sulphur Mustard Water cresses Pepper Pelitory and such like sharp Ingredients whereof Sinapisms also are made which act and produce the same effect with Empasms CHAP. XVII Of Sinapisms and Phaenigms ASinapism is a kinde of Cataplasm for their consistency is alike though their faculties be distinct for Sinapisms consist of one quality and are alwayes calefactory Catalpasms of many and thence they calefy refrigerate mollify relax c. A Sinapism is seldome or never adhibited in acute diseases neither by way of table nor colliquament as Oribasius notes cap. 13. lib. 10. but in Lethargies Apoplexies or the Night-mare and in stupid natures that the dullness of the sense may be excited the faculty awakened the heat acted and the humour discussed The manner of making a Sinapism is thus described by Oribasius and Aetius cap. 181. tetr 1. serm 3. Take dryed Figs q. v. macerate them a whole day in warm water afterwards make a strong Expression and bruise the Figs then take the sharpest and strongest Mustard seed bruise it by it self pouring on a little of the colature of the Figs which will make it beat more easily but take heed too much be not mixed lest it be too thin and liquid then reduce them into small masses of the Figs and Mustard of each equal parts but if you would have the Sinapism stronger take two parts of the Mustard and one of the Figs if weaker two of the Figs and one of the Mustard If the Sinapism be made with Vinegar it is more inefficacious and weak because Vinegar discusses the strength of the Mustard The Sinapism should be put upon a Linnen cloth and so adhibited to the place and should be often looked at to see if it have contracted rubour enough by its admotion for some perceive its effect on them sooner some later so that I cannot certainly define what space of time it must abide on the place But if the Sinapism after long admotion act not nor alter the colour of the skin it must be fomented with hot water with a sponge that the faculty of the Sinapism may be easier intromitted for the Sinapism by extracting the excrements to the skin either ulcerates or at least rubrifies it whence it is called a Phaenigm that is a rubrifying Medicament Phaenigmus After the diseased hath sufficiently used the Sinapism he must be bathed and then have the part affected anointed with oil of Roses CHAP. XVIII Of Dropax and Pication A Dropax is a topical Medicament sometimes hard like a salve Dropax quid sometimes soft like a Malagm as the case requires Now a Dropax is either simple which is made of Pitch and a little Oil onely or compound Differentiae which admits of many calefactories besides Pitch and Oil as Pepper Bartram Bitumen Brimstone Salt and the ashes of Vine branches It is convenient for diuturnal diseases as Aetius cap. 180. tetr 1. Quibus morbis conveniat serm 3. shews and must alwayes be adhibited both before and after a Sinapism before that it may prepare the body for a Sinapism and after that it may exscind the remaining affections A simple one is thus made â„ž Of the best Pitch dissolve it with a little Oil and while it is hot dip in a cloth and clap it to the place affected and before it is cold pluck it off again calefy it before the fire and apply it as before and before it waxes cold pull it off and let this be repeated as often as need requires It helps such as are infested with frequent vomits with collicks Picatio quibus affectibus conveniat and with crudities it helps also such parts as do not grow nor partake of the nutriment The more compound Dropax is
according to that of the Poet Vinum alit lites lites dissolvit easdem Wine therefore is adiaphorous and indifferent good or evil Vinum sanis robur aâ— its use is good or evil And as it is sanity and strength to the sane so it is infirmity to the infirm and especially to such as are distempered from a hot cause There are many sorts of wine differenced by their colour Vini differentiae sapour substance odoar virtue and place from their colour they are called white red black flave claret and palid wines from their sapour sweet austere sharp aceth insipid from their substance crafs thin feculent from their odour sweet fragrant inodorous from their virtue vinous aquous polyphorous multifarious and oligophorous from their place Falernian Albane Grecian of which antient wines we should drink moderately by Galen's advice c. 6. l. 5. de sanit tuend for they gravidate the head but we want all these yet ours are no less vinous as our Anrelian Burgundian Andiâ—e Ainian Meudonian Ruelliane and Argentoliane Qui primus aquam vino miscuâ—rit which are generous wines and need Amphiction who first mixed water with wine And as in Banquets men get the best wine so should we seek the most generous and â—â—â—le in our Pharmacopolies for Medicaments which are to be assumed at the mouth as Theriacal and Mithridative Confections as also for some that are to be extrinsecally applyed as many Salves and Unguents There is a water also distilled from these wines easily contracting ardour and flame and eximious for many uses which they call Aqua vita as indeed there is nothing in wine which is not eximious as its odour sapour and spirits whereby man is not onely refreshed nourished and cherished but also many Medicaments and Adjuments made out of its very lees and dregs which the Alchymists call Tartar CHAP. III. Of Vinegar VInegar which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is sharp or rather dead wine for it is produced out of vapid wine destitute of its proper spirits and innate calour and as Omphacy is elegantly tearmed wine increasing so is Vinegar wine decreasing for wine is the mean betwixt both And vinegar is more tenuious acute and liquid than both and therefore it doth not concrete or congeal in frost if it be made of wine which is the most salubrious and eximioius for that which in some Countryes is made of stale beer is insane and should not at all be used by an Apothecary in his Confectures for when we put vinegar absolutely we mean wine-vinegar so confected by age or artifice not by any malignant mixture which for its eximious qualities is used in kitchins to Sauces and Condiments in Pharmacopolies to the preparation of Oxymel Lythargy and other Compounds Now all vinegar is attenuative incisive discussive repressive refrigerative and somewhat calefactive Gal. cap. 10. lib. 2. comp med loc for old Homer acknowledges that it retains in it some seeds of calour whence Galen saith cap. 19. l. 1. de simpl med it is of a mixt quality for as milk is not all homogeneous and similar nor in all parts the same so neither is vinegar which many say is calid and many frigid But such as have truly perpended its faculty finde it for the most part more frigid than calid cap. 20. ejusdem libri And I much recede from their opinion who think it to be calid like a Cautery or Pyroâ—ick for by sense we finde that when it is applyed it is at first sharp and refrigerative but after its ablation some calour follows which happens accidentally and because of its acrimony though not alwayes nor to all bodyes c. 21. ejusdem libri Hence we may collect that vinegar is naturally frigid but hath acquired an accidentary calidity or as Galen speaks cap. 23. ejusdem libri neither absolutely frigid nor absolutely calid participating of neither extream for many things that consist of contrary and pugnant qualities seem simple to the sense and are judged as neuters for it is unavoydable that vinegar having lost its innate quality should acquire another by putrefaction Of which opinion is Theophrastus and Aristotle for the vinous parts of the wine transeating into vinegar must be refrigerated and the aquous parts thereof by putretude obtain an adventitious calidity as all things else which putrefy do c. 2. l. 4. simpl Vinegar then is a compound of parts of a contrary quality to wit partly calid partly frigid as the ashes of burned wood Yet Vinegar is of admirable utility to Mortals but it is more frequently used of others than of Apothecaries CHAP. IV. Of Omphacy OMphacy What Omphacy is which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Shopmen Agresta is the juice of sour grapes not yet come to maturity not yet changed into Rob by the Suns calidity such was Dioscorides his Omphacium But that we now have is expressed like wine in a winepress out of grapes of perfect magnitude but not maturity then percolated reposed in hogsheads and mixed with a little salt and these by progression would be wine so wine by regression will be vinegar which in its vertues is very correspondent to Omphacy for both are refrigerative the Omphacy more imbecilly the vinegar more validly because more teâ—â—ous which also participates of more acrimony which is calefactive by its adscititious calidity Acetum calidum frigidum Therefore Aristotle said well that vinegar was frigid by the innate calour of the wine and calid by the adventitious which calour is not of sufficient vigour to over-power the frigidity proceeding from its acidity But Omphacy hath not the least of calidity in it neither is it so tenuious nor yet so nimble as with that expedition to permeate the pores and parts of the body as vinegar which being not onely acid but acerb Gal. cap. 10. lib. 4. de simpl med is more conducible to the ardour of the Hypochondriacal parts than vinegar for it is not so violent not is its frigidity mixed with any mordacious calour for such as are infested with excess of this calour should be mitigated without violence or assumption of any Calefactive or Medicament endued with mordacious acrimony Omphacium quâ—bus profit And hence is it that Omphacy is profitable for great ardours Gal. cap. 2. lib. 4. de simpl whether it be imposed on the orifice of the belly or other parts that need reâ—â—geration But it is most frequently assumed at the mouth either mixed with Aliments for pleasure or with Medicaments for sanity for broth altered therewith is more gratefull to the jaws and palate condiments acidulated therewith revoke the appetite It also extinguishes the heat of the liver and tempers the estuosity of the bood 〈◊〉 all which the sytup of Grapes will perform And though Omphacium may be made of any immature grapes yet it is in France deduced onely out of those the white vineâ— bring forth whose branches being longer and more
crass than others serve to make Arbours in Gardens and whose clusters are as big as Olives whereof when mature scarce any good wine can be confected but very good Omphacium when they are immature as at the latter end of Summer or a little before Vintage time Oil educed out of immature Olives is from its affinity in sapour to this Omphacium called Omphatical Oil. CHAP. V. Of Sugar SUgar was unknown to the Antients which is now so copious that to say a Pharmacopoly without Sugar were more than an * * * Ironiâ— Irony Yet it doth not fall from Heaven like dew nor is it gathered of Plants leaves as some have thought who look onely at the name but it is got of an arundinaceous Plant which grows not onely in India but in many places of Asia and Africa and now in some Gardens in France but it scarcely escapes secure from the Winters tempests This sacchariferous Plant is about eight foot high very crass Planta saccharifera knotty obduced on every side with long strait and twined leaves hollow sappy and stuffed within with plenty of sweet juice which will distill down the cut cane like Amber whose pith or sap being severed from the cane by a knife and cocted on the fire will turn all into Sugar save a little Salt at the bottome of the vessel Its roots emulate the roots of our Cane but they are not so ligneous but more succulent and sweet from which some sprigs erupt which if pulled up and transplanted in due time will grow and flourish It bears hairy flowers like our reeds which one thing is enough to shew that it is a reed The juice extracted from it and but once cocted is not sufficiently elaborate but is red and thence called brown Sugar by some Sugar-froth which when it is cocted longer and more defecated will be white and is called Sugar absolutely There comes Sugar from Madara and Canary which is extraordinary white which as much excells the other in worth as it doth in candour yet some Negotiators bring some a little duller which is as good as the other But many adulterate Madarensian Sugar by washing common Sugar with lixive cocting it again and absterging the nigritude from off it by which means they make it exceeding white but not so sweet and gratefull Sugar-Candy is thus made of common Sugar Sacâ—arum candum quomâ—do fiat Let the Sugar be melted with a little water and elixated like a crass syrup which inject into an earthen pot wherein wooden sticks are put lattice-wise and cross one over another set the pot on a board in a hot place where leave it for the space of fifteen or twenty dayes then pour out the syrup that is not concreted and pour in a little warm water to wash off the fatness of the syrup which again pour out and repose the vessel in a hot place take it on the morrow and break it and you shall finde the sticks laden with Sugar-Candy shining like Crystal There is another kinde of Sugar not so white Powder-sugar nor yet so crass as the former which is partly pulverated partly redacted to more crass lumps which the vulgar call Cassonade or Castonade which is not onely used in Kitchins but also in Shops That which is brought us from far Countryes is turbinated pyramidal-wise and commonly called Sugar-loaf which is less cocted and less obdurate than Candy and so less calid and more accommodate to obdulcorate Condiments Broths and other Aliments for Sugar abates acrity retunds acidity gratifies austerity and makes all sapours more suave Whence not onely Confectioners but Bakers and Cooks frequently use Sugar for no delicate Dish comes 〈◊〉 the Table that doth not participate of Sugar for if Water Wine Fruits Flesh Fish or other Edibles or Potables be nauscated the mixture of a little Sugar will make them current All Sugar is moderately hot Vires conducible to the roughness of the tongue asperity in the breast and to the cough it moves spittle but hurts the teeth for it effects nigritude mobility and rubiginyâ—â— them CHAP. VI. Of Honey AThenaus writes that the Cyrians Inhabitants of Corstea are therefore long-lived because they daily use Honey And Democritus being asked how a man might preserve his life long in sanity answered by anointing his interiour parts with Honey his exteriour with Oil Gal. c. 11. l. de atten vict rat For Honey being most sweet propagates most tenuious juice And c. 8. l. 2. de facult nat begets in old men special good blood in young and bilious men much choler for according to Actuarius c. 8. l. de spir anim mot that which is sweet in Honey must needs be choler in the body And this mutation is very facile because Honey according to Paul c. 4. l. 1. de synops Oribas l. 5. collect calefies and exsiccates in the second degree and hath a kinde of Acrimony conjoyned with its sweetness for that is the best Honey which participates of these two to wit of sweetness and acrimony Gal. c. 17. l. de antidot new Wine expressed from sweet Grapes and cocted to the half or thirds though it be not much inferiour to Honey in sweetness yet like water it is obtuse and no way vellicates the sense Honâ—â— alone is a Compound of it self for it is collected of the juices of many herbs and flowers and is profitable to all ages but especially to old men and such as are of a cold constitution 〈◊〉 chiefly in winter time for where it meets with much calour there it turns into choler Galen c. 5. l. 1. de alim fac Historia notanda derides the concertation of two men the one whereof affirmed Honey to be wholsome the other unwholsome both conjecturing from the effect it had wrought in themselves but neither of them understood that man kept not one temperament from the beginning to the term of his life nor yet if the temperament had been one that the decurse of years would work some change in it for the one of them was old and flegmatick the other young and cholerick Now Honey according to Galen c. 177. l. de simpl med Mel quid is the juice of Celestial Dew collected by Bees for every Aliment is desumed either from Animals or Plants Honey is from neither for it arises from the leaves or flowers of Plants Vnde fiat and yet it is not their juice nor fruit nor any part thereof but the same with Dew c. 38. l. 3. de alim fac and yet not so copious nor assiduous Yet something from Plants tends to its benignity or malignity Orib c. 62. l. 2. collect for that is poysonous which is collected of poysonous Plants as Wolfs-bane Paul Egin c. 52. l. â— that bitter which is brought out of Pontus where great store of Wormwood abounds That Honey is best which in colour is pale Mel optimum in consistency neither crass nor concrete nor
incided whose flower is spicated the other Meadow-Mint which growes in water brinks whose leafs are hispid hoary and subrotund and flowers spicated as the former both are graveolent yet grateful Mint is useful to cibaries Vires which being young is a very grateful fallet herb but more adult it is more ingrateful and hard it is of a hot nature and very stomachical for its quality is to augment the heat of the ventricle it confirms roboration helps coction discusses flatuosity and cures gripings Sisymbrium hath such cognation with the family of Mints that by culture or neglect it may be transmuted into Mint or Mint into Sisymbrium the Shopmen call it Balsamint the vulgarity Rugged Mint it differs much from Sion or Perula as also from Cardamen or Crescion which they call water-mint for the true Sisymbrium which many call wild Serpil is very like Garden mint but more odorate and latifolious which hath excellent medicinal faculties Diosc C. 155. L. 2. CHAP. XXXVI Of Calaminth THere are three sorts of Culaminth Species the first is familiar with mountains the second challenges affinity with Pennyroyal the third with Menthastrum The first delights in squalid tuberous and montanous places and is called Mountain Calaminth which for its elegant effigies and grateful odour is now cicurated in Gardens as also all kind of Mints to which it responds after a manner both in faculties and nomenclature for Calaminth portends fair Minth and this complex name denotes its nobility The second sort of Calaminth hath leafs like Pennyroyal but sometimes greater whether variegated with spots with whitely purpureous flowers amicting its cubital branches it delights in aprike places and is found in many fields when the segetives are demessed it is also called Nepeta in Dioscorides who yet neither approves nor disapproves of the name The third is like Menthastrum with leafs somewhat longer Caul and Branches greater then the former and yet not so efficacious Dodonaeus exhibited the herb Cattaria instead of this Fuchsius exhibits another much dissident and Dioscorides describes not a Line of Cattaria yet it may justly be referred to the family of Calaminths as having cognation therewith though the herb and faculty hath been unknown by the Ancients It puts forth many quadrate hard caulicles at every knot two hoary leafs like horenound spicated flowers like Mint or Menthastrum it is called Cattaria because Catts delight in eating and playing with its leafs Apothecaries call it Nepeta It calefies and attenuates exceedingly Vires it hath a peculiar faculty in auxiliating the conception and foecundating the womb Yet all Calaminth is of a tenuious substance Vires hot and dry in the third degree it abates gripings kills worms cures the Jaundice educes flowers takes out blew skars cures difficulty of breathing and strenuously digests humours the montanous Calaminth is most efficacious CHAP. XXXVII Of Wormwood THough Absynth be an herb of vulgar dignotion yet scarce two agree in recenseating and describing its Species however letting passe the varieties of opinions we assert that there are three sorts of Wormwood Species the common Wormwood the Santonian Wormwood and the Scriphian Wormwood They erre who say that the common Wormwood differs from the Roman and Pontian and that the Santonian is the Roman Wormwood for the common is the Roman Wormwood so called because it was holy to the vulgarity and because it grew plenteously in the Roman fields and in every old hedge The Pontian is so denominated from Pontus and from its stypticity or astriction That which is called Sanâ—onian or rather Xantonian Wormwood is so denominated from a tract where it growes bearing the same name hence some call its seed Sanctum when they should call it Sanctonian seed the whole plant is like common Wormwood but lesser and not so white its seeds are not se many and its flowers are small The third sort which is called Scriphian or Marine Wormwood growes copiously on the Mountain Taurus near Cappadocia the herb is slender like small Suthernwood referted with small seeds subamare and graveolent with some calefaction the whole is so like foeminine Southernwood that they can scarce be discerned each from other Galen saith Vires that all Wormwood participates of an aromatical acrimonious and amare quality but some Gardens afford us vulgar Wormwood no whit amare but sweet distinguished from the Pontian onely in sapour All roborate the stomach help coction and kill Worms whether they be assumed or adhibited See Dioscorides about the differences and qualities of Wormwoods as also Gasparus Bauhinus who published a whole Book of Wormwood CHAP. XXXVIII Of Mugwort THe Species of Mugwort are more then two contrary to the opinion of many for besides the common differences of laâ—â—â—lious and tenuifolious there is one marine Mugwort which from one lignous root fruticates in many sarments with lowe and serpentine leafs and if we believe Ruellius and Fuchsius Feverfew and Tansey are Species of Mugwort All Mugworts are Sylvestrian the first whereof is latifolious lacinious and marginally dissected with streight round striaâ—d bicubital cauls and small flowers like Wormwood it growes by way-sides and oftentimes in the middle of Gardens The second is more tenuious with a small white and graveolent flower The third is also tenuifolious which growes about hedges and water-tracts whose flowers and leafs contrited refer the odour of Marjoram the vulgar is used to the confection of the Artemisian Syrope It was called Artemisia by King Mausolus his Wife whereas before it was called Parthenis Many superstitious people call it St. John's herb wherewith he circumcinged his Loyns on holydayes It calefies in the second degree opens attenuates Vires expells flowers secondines and young and auxlliates many affections of the Uterus CHAP. XXXIX Of Melissa or Balm WIth the same complacency that a Cat is carried to Cattaria is a Bee carried to Apiastrum or Melissophyllon which is a melleous leaf There are many differences hereof for besides that Sylvestrian which is improperly called Melissa by Fuchfius which smells like Cymice the vulgar is most celebrous then the Spanish and then the more peregrine as the Moluccian which comes from the Islands of Molucra Our Melissa is well known it assurges with quadrangular surcles broad rugous and subasperous leafs smelling like Quince-Apple with two prominents betwixt each knot which emit small cups with candicant flowers after which a small blackish seed succeeds The Spanish Melissa is in effigies odour and faculties very like the former but its leafs are lesser not so rigid and green The Moluccian Melissa is twofold the one smooth the other spinous both emitting culms and leafs like ours It calefies in the second degree Vires siccates in the first in insessions it educes flowers and in drink or illition it confers against the bitings of Scorpions spiders and dogs it roborates the head increases the memory and recreates the animal faculties CHAP. XL. Of
exposed to the Sun it emitts pedall caulicles with small leafes pretty red and somtimes white flowers all are lanuginous yea the whole Plant seems to the tact and sight nothing but dawen especially its flower which by its tomentitious haire wherewith it is vested resembles a Catts foot whence it got its denomination It is reposed amongst those that refrigerate moderately and astringe and agglutinate efficaciously Vires and therefore it is a good vulnerary white is most used in ruptures and openings of vessells and affections of Lungs which are caused by imbecillity or too much laxity and impotency to contain blood The more recent have made a syrupe thereof which they call syrope of Catts-foot which they find and experience salubrious to pectorall vices we have given its description in our Antidotary CHAP. XXVI Of Melilote THere are many kinds of trifoiles whereunto the whole family of Melilotes are referred for all of them have leafes disjoined by three divisures all of them grow in one place and participate of the same effigies there are three sorts of Melilote the first is the vulgar which in France growes amongst segetives the second more rare which beares white flowers with leafes and surcles like the former the third most rare because peregrine whose flowers are purpureous somtimes caeruleous and elegant it growes copiously in Syria The vulgar which it is probable the Romans mean by their Sertula disperges many pedall and slender caulicles leafes disterminated with three incisures like Trifoyle or rather Faenugreeke somwhat fimbriated in their ambient with luteous flowers like Pease-bloomes coacted acervately in the forme of a spike after whose occase short broad and blackish cods do erupt turgid with small and pallid seed some call it odorate trifoyle others Cotona regia some Serta and Sertula Campana Melilote seems to be indifferent Vires as to either refrigeration or calefaction but it is manifestly astrictive it allayes all inflammations especially those of the Womb and Fundament if it be decocted and sod-sod-wine and applyed by way of liniment it is peculiarly efficacious against a scald head its succe instilled into the eare with sod wine cures its dolours and allayes head-ach if it be applyed with rose-Rose-water CHAP. XXVII Of Line LIne denotes both the Plant and its Seed the Plant and its bark compose the texture of Linnen-Cloath the seed and its medulla compose medicaments It is a Plant with exile and cubitall caulicles long and acute leafes caeruleous and specious flowers after whose occase which is speedy small heads gravidated with yellow long smooth and splendent seed do erupt it is not enumerated amongst esculents in France and those regions where it growes plenteously though the rusticks in Asia brayed it put honey to it and fryed it frequently for their repast however it be praepared it is neither pleasant nor salubre for it is averse to the stomack and therefore we sow it for vestiments and medicaments and not for Aliments Line and Faenugreeke have the same Faculties it discusses and allayes inflammations whether within or without its decoction cures the erosion of the matrix and moves the belly the oyle expressed out of its seed mitigates mollifyes deleates pimples and emends the vices of the skin CHAP. XXVIII Of Faenugreeke Faenugreeke is a siliquous Plant emerging at first with one only Caule which is afterward brachiated into many boughs and wings its Leafes are like them of the Meadow trifoile but rounder lesser more green above and subcineritious underneath its flowers are small and whitish after which arise long Cods crooked like Cornicles wherein flave and angulous seeds like small Pease are contained Hippocrates calls this Plant Epicetus Theophrastus Buceras and Dioscorides Tellis Faenugreek is emollitive and discussive Vires subacted with Vinegar and nitre it minuates the Spleen mitigates heat with its lentour made into a pultise with oxymel it cures the podagry Galen saith that it irritates fervent inflammations but cures such as are lesse hott and more hard its sapour and odour denunciate it calefactive though we referre it to that ranke that is refrigerative or rather temperate CHAP. XXIX Of Red Cicers MAny kinds of Pulse three are some whereof are alimental as Pease and Beanes others medicamentall as vetches whereof there are many sorts for some are sative others wild the sative seems to be the same with Arietinus which Dioscorides describes onely nominally whereof there is great plenty in Italy which they there use not onely in medicine but in meats also it beares leafes like Pease leafes but lesser with purpureous flowers round cods praegnant with many grains some places produce onely white vetches which arewheseof if we look at much eaten others onely black or darkely purpureous which are the best and most celebrated in Pharmacy There is another sort of vetches which are wild Vires which in seeds differ little from the sative but in leafes much both sorts open the passages of the Reins expell flowers and birth augment milke exterge cause flatuosity and excite stiffenesse in the yard CHAP. XXX Of Orobus or the bitter-Vetch THat which the Apothecaryes call Orobus the Greekes call Ervum it is a kind of pulse-like Vetches growing in macilent places wherein it delights more then in fat soyle for there it is more speedily corrupted there are two varietyes thereof the one is white sweet and lesse vulgar the other yellow which may be had in any Pharmacopoly both according to Dioscorides are well known to all though many take wild Vetches or Eruile which infest Corne for the true Orobus But the domestick Orobus is sowen and cultivated it assurges with a cubitall or longer culme geniculated incurvated concave and a little striated with leafes and flowers like Vetches round Cods grow upon its surcles protuberant with three or four graines disjoyned with no membrane It desiccates manifestly but calefies so gently Vires that it seems to be temperate it incides exterges removes and resolves obstructions it is seldome or never introsumed frequently adhibited for its seed ingredes salves very frequently CHAP. XXXI Of Lupines LUpine seems to be a kind of Bean for its Caule is streight erect Cave somwhat tomentitious like a Beanes culme onely it is round It s singular and fibrous root emitts a Caule 〈◊〉 branches alternately posited with leafes qinquefariously dissected like them of Staves-acre with white flowers thrice erupting betwixt the beginning of Summer and Autumne after which Cods lesser and plainer then Bean Cods emerge each of them containing five or six round compressed and amate grains white without and subluteous within Lupines are macerated for many dayes space in water till they demitt their amaritude and then cocted before they be eaten if they be illited or eaten with honey or drunk in Posca they kill Wormes their decoction cures Morpheus scurfes scabs manginesse and malignant ulcers partly by digesting partly by exterging and drying them without mordacity cocted in Vinegar they discusse
biles in the Neck and imposthumes distilling from the head to the eyes and makes the colour of skarres candid and white though their amarity demonstrates that they are calid neverthelesse they are justly reposed in this Section CHAP. XXXII Of Barley AS Barley is of cereals most usefull so most notorious wheâ—eof if we look at the time of its sature we have two sorts one autumnall whose straw spike and graines are greater the other vernall which in all parts is lesse the spike of each is circumvalled with beards and small leafes wherein is contained an oblong aequilaterall and medullous grain Both the sorts of Spelt are referred to the family of Barleys some call these segetives by the name soucrion vulgarly scourgeon which denotes its utility in succouring Nations as also another kind of segetive which some call Zeopyrum others bare Barley which growes in Cappadocia yea many reduce yet more cereals to this segetive as Olyra Typha Brisa Eteocrithon and Oryza which they call distich Barley India long agoe produced a kind of Barley gratefull and salubre to man but deletery to horses for the same given to Alexanders Horses to eat killed them at first but mixing chaffe with it it became innoxious Another sort growes in Thracia about Gedropolis which beasts would not touch the cause whereof Theophrastus attributes to its ill odour though a man cannot perceive it when it is denudated of its shel they call it Exasticum and Cantherinum Common Barley refrigerates and exsiccates Vires being a little detersive and hence Barley-bread stayes not long in the belly nor yet gives much of nutriment its flatuosity is deposed by elixation and therefore Hippocrates would have it done in a Ptisane that it may be longer cocted CHAP. XXXIII Of Rhus or Sumack RHus it both the Latine and Greeke name of a shrub and also of a fruit whereunto Cooks adde obsoniorum because it was frequently used in Kitchins and obsonies for Salt of old but now it is only dedicated to Pharmacy the Mauritanians call it Sumach It is an arbuscle growing fruticating most copiously in petrous places its Caule assurges three four and somtimes five Cubits high it is discriminated with many small boughes its leafes whose middle nerve or cost is red cohaere in clusters like ashseafes each whereof is oblong late serrated about whitish it emitts candicant flowers in July which are racemously congested like them of Lillax its small fruit with the seed which is small and red like that of Lentills is mature in autumne it is called Rhus coriaria because it hath an excellent faculty in condensing hides as also another Plant thence called Corinus coriaria which may be enumerated amongst the species of Rhus Sumach being very austere is astrictive and desiccative it cohibites dysenteryes and fluxions stayes womens flowers Vires and allayes the hemorrhoids its leafes and fruit are exceedingly astrictive they are dry in the third and cold in the second degree CHAP. XXXIIII Of Myrtle MYrtle is either silvestrian which growes and fruticates spontaneously in many hot regions and incultivated places or domestick which requires culture whereof there are two sorts the one lesser like Box-Tree only its leafes are more acute like broome leafes its berryes are black like Ivy and it is gravidated with vincous succe whence it is oft called black Myrtle it is much celebrated for its gracious odour and perpetually florid colour and diligently nourished in Gardens and transplanted in figuline pots into houses windowes and there custodited for delight and ornament There is a lesser sort called white Myrtle which beares broader and longer leafes then the former whose colour is not so obscure but whitish whence it is cognominated by culture it somtimes assurges to the altitude of a moderate Tree as we may see in some maritimous Gardens both Myrtles emitt white and suaveolent flowers out of which by due art a very fragrant stillatitious water may be extracted There growes about the Caule of Myrtle an unaequall concolorate lump which like a hand amplects its boughs Dioscorides calls it Myrtidanum but it is of no use and therefore neither bought not sold There is also another small wild Myrtle which delights in sylvous dry macilent and a prique places beareing black edible and sweet berryes which many call Vaccinia others give it â—â—ctitious names at will in Normandy the vulgarity of Aethiopians that are called Mores do from their blacknesse call them Morets Myrtle consists of contrary substances the frigid praevailing over the calid but participating much of tenuious calour therefore according to Galen it desiccates so efficaciously Both its fruit and leafes may be successefully either assumed or adhibited Vires and it being astrictive stayes excretions of blood and bridles other profluent humours their decoction helps laxated members and broken bones that cannot endure ferrumination many more commodityes doth Myrtle pollicitate whereof see Dioscorides C. 156. L. 1. CHAP. XXXV Of Millfolle or Yarrow MAny Plants do from the multiplicity of their Leafes and their multifarious incisures assume the name of Millefoiles as Achillea Osyris and water Strathiotes which is like Houseleek growing only in Aegypt according to Pliny as also Strathiotes Chyliophyllum and Myriophyllum of which Dioscorides treats in two severall Chapters White leafed Milfoile hath a short caulicle with leafes like the wings of young birds in brevity and ruggednesse like wild Cumin small white flowers upon a dense umbell like Dill it growes by high-wayes in places not ploughed It is very usefull according to Dioscorides for inveterate and fresh ulcers Vires for issues of blood and fistulaes whence the rusticks call it Carpentary or Carpenters hearb some call it Souldiers heaâ—â— The sweet leafed Mâ—â—fâ—ile emits one slender Caule out of one root with innumerable small capillaceous leafes like fennell its surcle is variously delineated as if it had been so wrought by art it growes in meadowish moist and fenny places It is astrictive exsiccatory and vulnerary for it very much accelerates the cure and closure of wounds drying glutinating and vindicating them from inflammations it is good also in cureing ulcers it stenches blood specially CHAP. XXXVI Of Tamarisk THey put an indignity upon Tamarisk that call it a shrub seeing it assurges to a notable procerity and acquires so much of crasstude that cups and other vessells for the use of the spleenatick may be made of its trunk and boughs yea if we beleive Columella Troughs have been excavated out of its trunks and filled with water that Hoggs might epote it and so liberate themselves from the augmentation of the spleen wherewith they frequently labour Tamarisk emits very many boughs which are vested with frequent exile tenuious round leafes exasperated as it were in their superficies with transverse and oblique lines without incisures its flowers are many mossy tomentitious white or somwhat purpureous occupying the summityes of its surcles and at length evolating in dawen its root is
substance is mud concreted to the hardness of a Pumick-stone is best that which is collected out of Silver Mynes next and that which is had in Golden Mynes worst of the three There is another sort which is worst of all found in Leaden Mynes Avincenna calls Boras Auri capistrum Dioscorides and Galen Chrysocolle or Gold-glue others Green Earth because it equalizes segetives in colour That which is now in Pharmacopolies is not green but white There are two sorts hereof one Native which in Metalline Mynes concretes to the hardness of a Pumick-stone acquiring various colours according to the variety of the Metals out of whose Mynes it is effoded the green is most medicinal and the flave best for ferruminating gold The other Factitious made of Boyes Urine Factitia agitated so long with a Brazen Pestel in a Brasse Morter in the hot Sun till it acquire the consistency of honey or an unguent which either solely or mixed with other Medicaments cures sordid cadaverous and dangerous Ulcers Dioscorides brayed and washed the native and fossile till it looked pure and sincere then he reconded and kept it for use after he had siccated it it will be much more tenuious by â—â—tion Chrysocolle califies cohibits excrescent flesh Vires and is somewhat mordacious it perduces many Ulcers to sanity but its assumption at the mouth is perillous CHAP. 5. Of Vitriol or Calchantum THe Greeks call that Calchantum which the Latines from its blackness call Sutory Ink and from its splendent vitreous Nitre Vitriol Dioscorides reckons three sorts thereof two native and one Factitious Species one sort of the Natives is found concreted in the bowels of the earth another is collected in form of water out of some Myne which put into a vessel soon coagulates into Vitriol The Factitious is made of a certain glebe of earth maculated with rubiginous and atruginous spots madefied transfunded and fermented with water cocted with the heat of the Sun out of which a certain vitriolous humour is elicited which is reduced either by the heat of the Sun or of a fire into Vitriol Pliny Chap. 13. Book 34. teaches many more wayes to confect it as also many perite Metallists which for brevities sake I omit Amongst the Factitious Vitriols the Roman is the best the Cyprian was most celebrated of old the Germanian is worse and it is commonly called Copparose or Dyers Ink which Infectors use in dying clothes The Native which is effoded out of the Cyprian Mountains is called Stalacticum that is stillatitious and pectum that is concrete so that the natural which is either coagulated before effosion or coagulates quickly after extraction from that Mountain and the factitious which is elicited out of the earth of that Mountain may be both called Cyprian Vitriol The Native or Fossile Vitriol participates of Calcitis Misy and Sory especially the Cyprian which is concreted from green water which continually delabes from that Mountain into a Cave washing Calcitis Misy and Sory and spontaneously coagulating into Vitriol Whence one of these doth easily transeate into another for all of them do in time convene yea Galen asserts That he saw Vitriol which in tract of time became Calcitis Lib. 9. Simp. The Native and white is preferred in Medicinal uses which the Metallicolous Alchymists say is produced by their Sulphur and Mercury as of Sperm which they indiscriminately exhibit to all affections out of which they elicite a certain acid liquor a few drops whereof mixed with syrupe of Violets acquire a most elegant red colour and sapour Oyl of Sulphur will do the same and a few drops of both or one of them infused in the syrupe of Roses will make the whole liquor red Tinctura Rosarum which they call Tincture of Roses There is a certain salve made which Pharmacopolists call Diacalciteos from Calcitis and Diapalma or Palmeous salve from Palme and it is alike related to both for it neither admits of Calcitis nor Palme in its confection but so it is called for its rarity for Calcitis Misy Sory Melanteria Diphryges and many more so much celebrated by the Ancients are now unseen and unknown Whence Galen substitutes Vitriol in stead of Calcitis into whose nature age perduces it And it may well be substituted in stead of Misy Sory and Melanteria for all these are of near affinity being similar in qualities but dissimilar in colour and consistency Nature hath enriched Vitriol with eximious faculties which perite Physicians have both experienced and left described as Dioscorides Galen Aelius Paulus Aegineta and Oribasius who have nobilitated it with much celebration it califies astringes dries kills broad worms in the belly helps against toad-poyson preserves moist flesh and contracts humours by absumption exarceates putretude roborates the intimous parts externally applied it astringes purges Ulcers causes wrinkles like Alome with whom it hath relation The Wells of Spada being indued with a Vitrioline quality do miraculously cure grievous and deplorable affections Which excellent faculty they borrow from Vitriol by whose energy they pervade all the tracts and corners of all parts everting what is hurtful not hurting what is good binding what is more lax relaxing what is bound and inciding melting attenuating and expelling what is more crass But besides these excellent commodities Vitriol hath its incommodities also for it is ill for the stomack acrimonious erosive and vomitory and therefore many Monks and women give it sometimes in Wine and sometimes in rose-Rose-water in uncertain weight against quotidian and quartane Agues and indeed the Feaver is often by the excitation of vehement vomiting resolved But this Medicament being imperitely exhibited proves often more formidable then the disease CHAP. 6. Of Alome ALome saith Pliny is as it were the brine of the earth whereof Dioscorides makes three sorts the round the liquid and the jagged or scissile the last is often called plumeous Alome for they are so like in form that they can scarce be distinguished yet they differ both in nature and qualities for the scissile is manifestly astrictive and may be burned but the plumeous is acrimonious Scissile plumeum and suffers not by fire It seems to be the stone Amiantus which wood-like consists of many incursant Lines and is not burned by fire which many take for that Amentus that ingredes the Citrian unguent There is another sort very vulgar and usual lucid spisse and hard like glasse which Physicians call Rock-Alome Alumen rupeum which should alwayes be usurped when Alome is designed absolutely The manner of confecting this is long and laborious which Matthiolus describes accurately There is black Alome in Cyprus that Pliny makes mention of Some say that round Alome is the same with that they call Zucharinum which is confected of crude Rock-Alome white of Eggs and Rose-water Matthiolus saw handled and tasted liquid Alome of which he attests that he never found any thing more astrictive Besides these there are
and Serapio call it Armenus and Armeniacus Yet Armenus and the Azure-stone differ for the latter is nitent with aureous stars and caeruleously flave beams the former maculated with many green caeruleous and blackish spots whence they call it Verdazure However their faculties are so conjoyned in affinity that the one may well be substituted in the others stead yea both are cructed out of one Myne being found for the most part either in silver or gold veins The Azure-stone is most commonly in the gold Mynes from which it borrows its golden stars Now as this is most fair and good for bracelers and other ornaments so most expetible for Medicaments An Azure-stone carried about one helps the sight Vires exhilarates the minde prepared and assumed it pollicitates many commodities for brayed and duly washed it potently and innoxiously expurges Melancholick humours burned and washed it recreates me internals yet some have writ too superstitiously of it asserting That he that carried it about him should be gentle rich and happy CHAP. 9. Of the Magnet or Heraclean-stone NAture hath created nothing in the Universe more admirable then the Loadstone or Magnet which S. Augustine calls The wonderful raptor of Iron which saith he when I first saw I much wondred at seeing an Iron-ring attracted by a stone and then another attracted by the former to which the Magnet had communicated its faculty and so a third by the second and afterwards a fourth and so on till a chain of Rings not implicitely connected but extrinsecally adherent hung thereat to which Pliny attests Lib. 43. suae Hist cap. 14. Whose attractive faculty was at first found out by a certain Herdsman who following his Cattel on the Mountain Ida at length came to a place where there lay plenty of Load-stones whose shoes being stuck with Iron nails and the one end of his staff plated with the same Metal were so fast retained by this hamous stone that he must either leave his Iron or tire himself with pulling Now this Pasture was called Magnes whose name this stone retains to this day it is also called the Heraclean-stone not from Heraclius its inventor as Taisnierius will have it but from Heraclia a City in Lydia where much good Magnetical stone is got Some call it Syderites because it draws and allures Iron it is also sometimes called Ship-stone because it serves to much use in Ships There are five sorts hereof the first is called the Aethiopian Magnet which comes from Aethiopia the second the Magnesian that comes from Magnesia the third is found in Alexandria the fourth in Echion of Boeetia the fifth which is worst in Capo Verlichi Natoliae This is light and spongious like a Pumick-stone The Aethiopian Magnets are judged best all of what sort soever are so much better by how much more caeruleous such also as are more ponderous and attract Iron more firmly are very laudable An Adamant hinders the attractive vertue as also Garlick rubbed on the Magnet for its attractive faculty is not so valid but it may be easily deluded obscured and superated and therefore Taisnierius his assertion is very ridiculous to wit That certain ships compacted with Iron Nails sailing along the Aethiopian Sea and driven by a tempest to the Promontories should be by Magnets drawn to the bottom or shivered to pieces their Nails being by their potency extracted for these are old-wives Fables not worthy the Pen of an Author The Magnet draws Iron as its similar for its own conservation and alimony for which purpose they put its dust in bexes and it respects the North as its Matrix whence Mariners say it tends to the Antarctick Pole There is another stone called Theamedes of an opposite quality got in a certain Mountain in Aethiopia which repels and respuates Iron Some sell burnt Magnet for Hematites but they are much different as appears by their description Dioscor The Magnet besides its enumerated faculties Vires hath also some Medicinal qualities for whose cause it ingredes the divine salve and others Medicaments some thinke that a small quantity of a Magnet assumed at the mouth will preserve youth and therefore King Zeilan commanded that all the dishes and vessels wherein his Meat was to be cocted to be made of Magnets CHAP. 10. Of some other Gemmes more seldome used in Medicine THere are yet almost infinite Gemmes both fair and elegant to see to and indued with special faculties whose use being very rare I purpose not to treat of every of them in several Chapters for it satisfies mine Institution if I accurately describe these that ingrede the confections we have delivered in our Shop yet lest some Apothecaries should think there were no more Gems in this one Chapter I shall comprehend and Epitomize a great many The first that occurs is Eranus which the French call Turchesa Turchesa the Arabians Peruzaa Pliny Callais and Augites whose colour seems to be confusedly but elegantly mixed of an azure and green it is had in India especially about the Mountain Cokas The Jasper stone is either totally or in a great part green and elegant whose species to enumerate would tyre a man Jaspis for Macer saith they are seventeen it is very efficacious in staying blood The Blood-stone took its Greek name Haematites from blood also Haematites for whether it be carried or assumed it cohibits the issue of blood it is thought to be a kinde of Jasper for it is green variegated and as it were bespotted with drops of blood Achates is so called from the River Achate where it is found Achates there are many varieties thereof but the most vulgar are obscurely white disterminated with veins either red or black It is storied of King Pyrrhus that he had a special one wherein Nature had ingraven the Nine Muses Some Achates are red like Coral The Amethyst is a stone brought from India Amethystus of a purpureous â—â—â—ed with a violaceous colour emitting some small flames whereof there are five sorts the more vulgar is violaceous resembling the colour of red Wine much diluted with water it is said to hinder â—â—iety but to excite dreams As the whitely corruscant Adamant the green Emerald the flainmeous and red Carbuncle the caeruleous Saphyre and the golden Chrysolite are the best of those kindes so is the variegated Opalus Opalus in whose mixture is the micant fire of the Carbuncle the purpureous fulgour of the Amethyst the caeruleous viridity of the Emerald and all nitent colours most elegantly contentned then which no aspect is more beautiful Pliny calls this stone Paederos it is got in the Island Zeilan and in many parts of India where it is called Argenon it is also found in Aegypt where it is called Senites There is another kinde of Opalus less elegant and nitent which they call Pseudopalus and Cats-eye which as it is not so fair so not so expetible as the true Opalus This is in probability
Leprosie or Scab and after a few moneths collect their putrid matter and fell it for Mumy and what is more horrible they would take the dead carcases of such as had been suffocated and dryed in the sands of Arabia and call them Mumy and give them to the diseased to be assumed at the mouth Yea many are in that errour still that Mumy is onely the cadaverous and dry flesh of bodies corrupted and putrid Yea I remember I heard a man of much learning but no great skill in Medicine amongst a company of famous men speaking of Mumy and all contending that now we had no true Mumy but a little tabid foetid corrupt flesh in respect of that which was found in the Aegyptian Kings Sepulchres which was both fragrant and vertuous say That Mumy was the flesh of dryed bodies and that he had seen it lately dryed while it was adherent to the ribs Thus this impious opinion adheres to the mindes of the eredulous who collecting some filthy matter from mans flesh a wicked custome indeed introduced by wretched men exhibit it to the sick We are so farre from possessing the Mumy of the ancient Aegyptians Mumia antiquorum non amplius haberi which was but small and soon spent that we cannot have Avicenna his Mumy which was made of mans corruption mixed with Pissaphaltum but are content with the succe expressed out of putrid carcases and inspissated which is now kept in Pharmacopolies to mens greatest peril which perite and prudent men never use in Medicine for it is absurd to think that this Mumy should help such as are hurt by falling nay will it not rather harm them and all that use it for if we fear that any ones blood should clot by falling have we not Posca and Oxymel and other inciding Medicaments more conducible But seeing no Compound in our Shop requires mans Fat no more of that CHAP. 3. Of Goats Blood GOats are either peregrine and cornuted as the Aethiopian and Cretian Goats or vernacular some whereof have horns others not The blood of either duly prepared as we have taught in our Shop is very effectual in breaking the stone and is the basis of that eximious Medicament we call Lithos Tripticos to whose comment we have adjoyned this Preparation Now there are many varieties of peregrine Goats amongst which the Persian Goat which they call Pazan is most commended out of whose belly the Bezar-stone is taken which is commended against the virulent bitings of Animals Poysons and many malignant Diseases as we shall declare more at large by and by The Cretian Goat is so called from the Isle Crete which nourishes no Wolves no more then England the French call it Boucestain it is vested with short and flave hair bearing two horns crooked backwards it is so agile an Animal that it will leap from one rock to another though six paces distant Bellonius Amongst wilde-Goats we enumerate Mountain-Goats Rock-Goats African-Goats Bucks and Roe-bucks and yet these Animals differ much from one another and all from our indigenous Goat which alone of Animals patiently and willingly admits a companion in venery whence by a Sarcasm we call him a Cornuto Goat-like that patiently tolerates it Strepsicetos is by some called a Goat but I rather think it a Ram it hath two horns striated but like the Unicorns horns erect never used in Medicine Strepsiceros brings me to think of Monoceros which many douht is a meer Chimaera for if it have a being it is so rare that it never was seen and because it is rare because its nature is unknown and because that such as write of it dissent amongst themselves men doubt of its being Yet that there is such a Beast the holy Scriptures averre and its horn which is daily seen and prescribed by Medicks against poysons and poysonous affections Yet I set no less estimate upon Harts or Rhinoceros his horn then Monoceros his horn of which many write more then truth What kinde of Animal it is of what nature where it lives and what vertues its horn is indued with shall be hereafter more largely explicated CHAP. 4. Of Hares Blood BOth wise men assert and experience proves That Hares blood rosted breaks the stone This Animal is most notorious most fearful and swiftest which alone according to Aristotle hath hair in its mouth and under its feet Some say they have seen white Hares but it is certain that they are not so onely they appear such in winter while they are covered with snow as with a white garment One D. de Vitri an eximious Noble-man catch'd a cornuted Hare whose horns he gave King James of England It is fabulous that Hares participate of both Sexes hermaphroditically and that they can both beget conceive and bear And the blood is not onely so efficacious but the whole Hare usted in an earthen pot well covered and taken with some white-White-wine water or fit decoction breaks and expels stones and therefore rightly accedes to Lithontripticons confection There is also the Sea-hare so called because generated in the Sea it resembles our Land-hares which is very much an enemy to the Lungs and Women with Childe of which see Rondeletius CHAP. 5. Of Fat 's and first of Harts Marrow Marrow is in every Animal the aliment of its bones it califies allayes dolour resolves mollifies hard tumours in any part but especially Harts Marrow next to that is Calves Marrow the Marrow of other Animals is sharper and more intemperate A Hart is a well-known Animal which superates all other cornigerous beasts both in pulchritude of form amplitude of horns and variety of branches But nature denied horns to Deer and those that first erupt out of the Male are erect without branches whence the Bucks are called Subulones afterwards their horns are bifidous afterwards trifidous they are at first vested with a skin and soft Down but after they are expofed a while to the Sun they become rough hard and glabre All cornigerous Animals except the Hart bear hollow horns but his are all over solid which fall off yearly and then being disarmed he hides himself daily till new ones erupt and these cornicles are as roborative and as much resist venenate affections as Monoceros his horn Experience hath also proved That a Harts genitals are very efficacious in curing the Pleurisie Collick and Dysentery There is a certain concreted liquor Gumme-like which we call Harts-tears in the greater angle of an old Harts eye which by an admirable propriety moves sudour copiously and oppugnes the venenate quality of the Pestilence and other malign affections Eutyceros and Platyceros are a kinde of Harts But I leave the nature of them to be described by such as undertake the absolute History of Animals CHAP. 6. Of Goats Suet. MArrow Suet Fat and Grease have much cognation each with other which are onely found in Animals indued with blood but not all in all for some are onely proper to some beasts as
fervefie it till it leave all its pinguetude in the water Then the wooll being compressed and removed that fat and fordid water is poured from on high that it may cause much spume which spume they agitate so long in the water till none be left This done they collect the pinguetude and wash it agitating it with their hands in pure water till it will neither astringe nor bite the tongue much and till it appear white then they repose it in an earthen vessel and all this should be done in the hot Sun Some adde sea-Sea-water to the lotion but this way is best Sheep are known to all Nations suppeditating infinite commodities to men with whose wooll they are vested with whose flesh they are nourished and with whose dung their fields become fat and foecund Young sheep are called Lambs the greater Rams or Arietes from Ara or the Altar whereon they were frequently sacrificed the gelded ones VVeathers which differ from Rams as Geldings from Horses Capons from Cocks They call the leader Bell-weather The Ram which the French call Bellerium from warring as it is probable is commendable when tall with a promisse belly a long tail a white and dense fleece broad forehead intorted and pâ—â—â—lous horns brown eyes ample ears ample breast shoulders and butocks also Arabia produces two admirable kindes of Rams the one with so long a tail that it is no shorter then three cubits another with a tall of a cubits breadth other sheep are well known CHAP. 19. Of Medicinal Bones and first of a Hart's heart-bone IF Animals excrements which are foetid be indued with a commendititious faculty to the cure of some affections as Dogs dung which some Merry Blades call Album Graecum to the Quinsie then much more their integrant parts as the Elks claws to the Epilepsie Goats claws to such as pisse their beds and the bones of many fishes birds and beasts to other diseases Mans bone is also Mans Medicine for a mans Scull unburied duly prepared and exhibited cures the Falling-sickness Experience also shews That a Harts heart-bone a Rhinocerots horn Elephants Boars and Pikes teeth conduce to many diseases A Hart much augments Medicinary Materials for thereunto it suggests its Horns Suet Fat Marrow Lachryma Yard and that Ossicle which is found in the basis of its heart A Hart is a most noble Animal superating almost all others in pulchtitude celerity dignity and utility and hence Kings onely or their Servants were wont to hunt them Their flesh also adoms large banquets and that which is inconvenient for Tables locupletates Apothecaries Shops But that Ossicle which adheres to the basis of an old Harts heart Vires is most celebrated which from its figure much resembling a cross hunters call the Harts cross which they by experience and Apothecaries by reason have found very conducible to the affections of the heart Young Harts have onely a cartilage no bone In inveterate Harts there concretes a certain lachryma in the larger angle of their eyes which admirably produces sudour and conduces to venenate diseases as we shewed before This hearts bone ingredes the confection of Diamoschum that it may make it more cordial and officacious CHAP. 20. Of Ivory THe Elephant is of four-footed beasts the greatest and most obsequious to man for it doth not onely obey him but his voice taking and doing his commands yea some would answer their Masters commanding them with hoo hoo that is in the barbarous Idiome I will I will Aelianus saw one writing Latine Letters straight and in order upon a table but his teachers hand was underneath directing the Animal to the figure and lineament and when the Elephant wrote its eyes were fixed and dejected Grammarian-like on his Master Oppianus saith That it is an old Proverb That Elephants talk with one another but cannot be understood by any man save their Tamers Elephants come so near mans ingeny that they are judged more pradent then men in some places They are obsequious desirous of glory mindeful of benefits and injuries received and desirous of retribution or revenge That of Aelianus is known how an Elephant seeing his Master take some of his due from him and put it in his pot when he was commanded by his Master to take care that his corn should be reaped and prepared stole a good part of his barley putting little stones in in its stead and so gave his Master his due measure and wonted heap and kept enough for himself thus craftily vindicating himself for his former injury He hath small eyes in reference to his great body he hath a long Snout in stead of a Nose which he uses in stead of a hand especially in assuming and ingesting meat and drink he hath a very small tongue four short and crass teeth on each jaw wherewith he breaks and mollifies his aliment and two very long and very crass ones which are liker horns these fall out at set times and grow again And the matter of these is Ivory which is accommodated to infinite uses especially Medicinal And this is that which many Apothecaries burn and erroneously conceit to be the Arabian factitious Spodium And yet it cannot be rightly substituted for Spodium neither when burnt nor crude for by ustion its vertue perishes and when it is crude it is no wayes analogal to Spodium for in proper locution there is onely one kinde of Spodium viz. the Graecian Spodium which they call Pompholix But the Arabian's falsly supposed Spodium is Tabaxir which agrees as much with burnt Ivory as Sugar with Rhabarbe of which we have more largely disserted elsewhere Crude Ivory hath many eximious faculties for Vires it roborates all bowels refrigerates and astringes moderately aligates the dolours of the stomack cohibits vomiting kills worms liberates from diuturnal obstructions and drunk makes women more apt to conceive CHAP. 21. Of the Unicorns-horn IF any Animals naturally void of horns be by chance seen cornuted we think them monstrous as the rustick Caenomanus on whose front grew a crass horn of two palmes length incurvated towards the hinder part of his head which we saw for a miracle in Paris in the year 1600. I never heard of the like save of one man that Philippus Ingrassias makes mention of who had a horn on his back Yet there are many cornigerous Animals especially of the Male-kinde bicornuted as the Ox and Goat others tricornuted as some Indian Oxen and some quadricornuted as I have seen some Rams Some also bear but one horn as the Indian Asse some Kine in Zeila of Aethiopia the amphibious Animal Camphur frequent in the Isles of Molucca also some Aethiopian Birds and some Fishes as the Uletif frequent in the Indian Sea But that Animal celebrated not onely in humane but divine Scriptures which the Hebrews call Rem and Reem Avicenna Achercheden the Arabian Barkaran the Greeks Monoceros the Latins Unicornis the Indians Cartazontes the French Licornia and we Unicorne excels all these
Females he goes also more stoutly The Female Vipers are of a yellowish colour with an elated neck reddish eyes and lucent of an inverecund and fierce aspect their heads are broad their tails short macilent squamous and all a like gracile not gradually so their passages neerer their tails their bellies more prominent and their pace flower The Latines call it Vipera because Vi parit that is it is forced to bring forth or else because Vivum parit that is it brings forth living young contrary to the mode of other Serpents which first lay eggs and the Viper indeed procreates eggs like them of fishes but every egge hath a young living Viper involved onely in a membrane Yet it sometimes happens that the last seeking egress before the first and impatient of longer delay erodes his Parents belly and sides and so it is produced a Matricide but that as seldom happens as when the Male thrusts his head into the Females mouth in copulation the Female satiated with the sweetness of the pleasure obtruncabes the Male which I think is never When other Serpents in winter run into caverns Vipers onely absoond themselves under stones and depose their old age like other Reptiles Vipers are preferred before all other Serpents in the confection of this Theriack because when compounded of others its vertue is more tabifical Gal Cap. 10. Lib. de Theriaca The Heads and tails which contain the most virulent poyson must be abscinded for the Viper hath the most pernicious head of all venenate beasts Dioscorides holds it ridiculous that any set certain measure of the Head and tail should be prescinded The internals Spina Dorsi and the belly must likewise be abjected There are both in Italy and France very idoneous Vipers for this solemn confection as in the Pictavian fields whence many are brought to Paris of whose flesh we make Pastils and use their fat in Vigo his emplaster whose extraction and preparation is easie The fat must first be taken with its skins and washed in clear cold water till it be sincere then may the membranes be separated then must the fat be melted in a double vessel and continually agitated with a wooden stick when it is melted it must be percolated into cold water which may be abjected and the fat kept and reposed in a convenient vessel some wash it again that it may depose all its poyson I can scarce assent to their opinion who believe that such live long as eat Vipers flesh for it procreates very ill succe and digests and siccates vehemently so that they who eat it are grievously cruciated with thirst and thence cognominated Dipsades Galen saith that some are of opinion that such as are bitten by Vipers cannot be cured by drinking but will burst ere they can quench their thirst Galen proves by many Histories that Vipers conduce to the Leprous There was saith he a Leper in Asia who was foetid to look on and graveolent who at first was conversant and did eat with his companions till some of his company began to be inquinated and he of such a horrid and detestable a form as none could indure to look on him then they bound him in a Cottage neer the river and gave him daily aliment The next Summer about the rising of the Dog-star when a servant brought fragrant wine to the reapers and set the pot by the river-side when they came to drink the Boy poured out the wine into a cup and with the wine a dead Viper the reapers being therewithal afrighted quenched their thirst with water and sent the wine to the Leper pitying his condition and judging it better for him to die therewith then to live in that misery but he drinking thereof was unexpectedly cured his skin falling off like a shell from a locust And another event not much unlike this happened in Mysia not far from our City There was a rich man but Leprous who was in love with his maid that was beautiful but she hating so descormed a man clandestinely kept other lovers company the diseased in hopes of recovery betook himself to some Fountains of hot water wherewith the vicine parts abounded which were squalid and full of Vipers one whereof crept into his wine pot the wench perceiving that a Viper was there suffocated was glad she had such an opportunity put into her hands she then gives a cup of it to her Master who drinking of it was perfectly cured as the precedent Galen recenseates more stories whereby he proves that Vipers cure the Leprosie We have shewed in our Antidotary how it must be prepared before it ingrede the confection of the Theriack CHAP. 31. Of Scinks THe flesh of the Reins of this Beast is a special Antidote against poyson very efficacious to excite lust in men for it causes stiffness of the Yard whence it justly ingredes the confection of Diasatyrium It is a small four-footed Animal tected with small frequent and subluteous scales with a long head little thicker then its neck a high belly a round tayl like a Lizard but shorter and crooked towards the end with a grey line from its head to the end of its tayl Dioscorides saith It is the product either of Aegypt or India or of the Red-sea though it is seen in Lydia of Mauritania Some do erroneously take it for the Salamander Pliny calls it the Land-Crocodile for it very much resembles the Crocodile of Nilus But there is no proportion in their dimensions for this is alwayes small scarce exceeding a cubit in length whereas the Crocodile of Nilus attains two and twenty cubits and yet no term of his concretion though his original is from an Egge no bigger then a Gooses Egge He lives both upon the land and water his eyes are like Swines eyes his sight in the water is dull but out very quick This Animal alone except the Parrer moves his upper jaw he hath a small rongue adhering to his under-jaw his legs come out of his side his feet are small in reference to his body his claws strong his skin squamous crustaceous and impenetrable save under his belly which is soft This Animal lives sixty years layes sixty Egges in sixty dayes sits upon its Egges sixty dayes before young ones be excluded it hath sixty joynts in its backbone and as many teeth in its head as it will lye dayes in winter in some Cavern without meat The more curious Scrutator may have a fuller description of the Crocodile in Aristotle Pliny and later Writers who have lustrated Aegypt and the Oriental Coasts CHAP. 32. Of Scorpions THey make an Oyl of dead Scorpions infused in Oyl which they cognominate from the same for many uses in Medicine for by way of liniment it breaks and expels the stones in the Reâ—â—s and Bladder and moves Urine it cures the bitings of Vipers Serpents and other venenate Beasts if it be adhibited to the arm-holes and groins in time of Pestilence it will either preserve the user from
or cocted in Dishes that the pulveration and coction of each part may be equal and with these he records the Medicaments in idoneous vessels and with these takes them out for uses Now Spatulaes are broad at one end like the blade of a bone which the Barbarians call Spatulae The figure of these Spatulaes is all one to wit triangular and oblong but their matter diverse for some are made of Silver as those little ones which Chirurgeous use others of Wood as thâ—â— rudicle wherewith they agitate the palmeous Emplaister while it is cocting which is made of a Palm-bough others of Iron as almost all the rest whether great or small wherewith Apotheâ—â—ries work their soft Medicaments as Honey Winter-oyl liquid Electuaries and the like confections The Shon spoons are made of Iron and Copper the Table spâ—ons of Silver and of Wood for the Rustick and poorer people 〈…〉 make little ones of Ivory and Horn which serve for measuring 〈…〉 and putâ—ing them into the scales Many also of these materials are used in Kitchins to despumate decoctions Wood and Silver Spoons are also used in Shops but not Glass ones because they are so easily frangible nor Iron ones because they contract rust as Brasen ones also but they may use any of them so the servants have a care to keep them clean and absterge them as soon as they are inquinated CHAP. 5. Of their Caldrons and other Metalline Vessels MAny take Ahenum and Cacabum for the same but in proper locution Ahenum is a brasen vessel profund and operculated with a handle on the one side whereby it may be holden in ones hand and shut at ones pleasure it serves especially for elixating of water in which must either be drunk alone or mixed with some Wine Rich men for sanity or rather vanities sake have such vessels of Silver that the cocted water may not smell of Copper A Dish is another brasen vessel much broader and larger wherein Simples are cocted Compounds made and Fruits condited it hath two ears or handles on each side one that it may be set on or taken off the fire more easily it is set on the fire upon a three-footed Iron Instrument with hot coals under it that the liquor therein contained may boil A Pottenger is another aeneous small but patulous vessel whereunto a long start and a ferreous handle is suffixed that it may be more commodiously set on the fire and holden in either hand Such Medicaments as are given in small quantity are cocted herein as one dosis of a Medicament a small Electuary a Rosaceous Julip and the like A Frying-pan is another kinde of dish very patulous with a long start which they use in Kitchins to fry flesh in shops to fry seeds in as Coriander with Vinegar to castigate some quality in it Millet-seed with Wine or some other liquor fit for some part A Caldron is another brasen vessel which suspended on a Chimney-hook hangs over the fire that whatsoever is contained in its cavity may be cocted But seeing this and more of the vessels are culinary ones I shall not need to stand any longer upon their description especially seeing the Apothecary knows them well who uses them often to prepare the decoctions of Simples and to the preparation of Syrupes Unguents and other Confections CHAP. 6. Of Torculars and Presses PHarmacopolists have also their little Torculars wherewith they express succes and oyls by pressure and this sort of Press is made of two short pieces of wood alike in form and magnitude each whereof have two holes so cunningly excavated that within they seem to be two carved circles not recurring one against another wherein two iron Rods are introduced which by turning extrinsecally abduce the beams and open the Press but by prying intrinsecally adduce and shut it pressing the interposed matter and expressing its watry or oleous succe There should be two Presses in each Pharmacopoly one to express aqueous succes out of green fruits and herbs and another oleous out of Olives Such things as are to be pressed should by coction or triture be prepared for the press by coction thus flesh must be prepared whose expressed succe is given to such as are tabid and lean by long diseases by triture as some oleaginous Woods Fruits and Seeds which last lest they should leap and flie away must be included in a bag or a strong cloth that they may be better compressed and the tenuious substance more easily separated from the crass one Thus Oyle of Almonds is educed thus the juyce of Lentisks Dates Nuts Line-seed and the like is expressed as we shall hereafter shew CHAP. 7. Of Sieves and Incernicles PHarmacopolists have now got a custom to call those Instruments which separate the purer portion of the Medicament from the crasser Sieves but this rustick enunciation is too licentious and abusive since rusticks Sieves not Apothecaries Instruments are made of skins perviated with many but small holes to purge Corn with There are also other Sieves made of Horses hairs intertexed like a web to segregate the Bran from flower which Aromataries sometimes use in dividing their Powders and purging their Prunes and Cassia-Fistula from their stones and seed which by them are called seraceous subcirnicles and sometimes excussive incernicles because agitated betwixt their hands they excuss the small Powder They are sometimes made of Wood as when Teile-bark is discerpted into long and small fibres and lattice-wise connexed for the cribration of crasser Powders There are many common Sieves but one peculiar to Aromataries which being contexed with more artifice they call Tamis it is sometimes made of Horses hair often of fine linen and oftest of silk operculated above and below with a Rams skin upon a bending VVood that the Powder received in the one casket may by cribration pass into the other without any loss by prosilition Some of these are less then others which are more idoneous for suparating precious Powders which are onely softly holden in ones hard and the Powder delabes without violence others do not transmit the tenuious Powder without much percussion There is yet another kinde of sieve in form of a great box much in use in whose middle a certain web is intended through which the Powders superimposed fall into the inferiour part of the box The trajection of the Powder will be more easie and quick if a Tinne or Silver weight be superposed together with the Powder that by its motion and gravity may impel the excussive sieve against some solid body All sieves and incernicles serving to segregate dry things must be moved agitated and impelled but for moist things they must remain quiet and immote yet the trajection of the things to be separated may be helped by a Spoon or Manipulus as the pulpes of Tamarinds Cassia or Prunes as also Roots and herbs first cocted to putrelage then transmitted by this adjument for the confection of Cataplasms CHAP. 8. Of Colatories or Strainers NEither
Bowels recreates the stomack loaden with hot humours cures bilious Fevers and is good against poysons Mesue CHAP. 25. Syrupus Limonum Granat or Syrupe of Lemmons and Pomegranates â„ž the Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates depurated in the sun and trajected thorow a woollen strainer lb v. white sugar lb iij. boyl them gently to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY These two Syrupes are joyntly described because their Preparations are one the proportion of sugar to their succes the same and their faculties similar and affine Some coct the sugar to the consistence of a solid Electuary whereupon they affund their limpid succe agitate it with a Spatula and by gentle coction reduce it to a Syrupe And this preparation is good for thus the faculty of the succes is not obtunded by the fire but preserved whole and entire others elixate the succes to the consumption of their third part and thereupon affund a simple Julep and coct them into a Syrupe Some take the succes and dilute them in twice as much sugar and withall califie them together that they may better become a Syrupe and the Syrupe thus confected will keep best and hath a very idoneous consistence So the succes be acid enough it may also be made by insolation without fire by the addition of more sugar But the method prescribed is the easiest shortest and best way of making it and most in use Syrupe of Oranges and many other fruits may also be thus confected The syrupe of Lemmons asswages continual pestilent Vires and contagious Fevers and all diseases accompanied with great ardour it emends also the corruption of humours heart-ach and other heart-affections The syrupe of Pomegranates also recreates the heart â—â—cates putretude cures the diseases and vomitings of choler and stayes Belly-fluxes CHAP. 26. Syrupus Citoniorum simplex or The simple Syrupe of Quinces â„ž of the Juyce of Quinces lb x. boyl it till half be consumed let it stand two dayes to settle afterwards strain it and adde to it sugar lb iij. boyl it up into a syrupe The COMMENTARY The manner of confecting this syrupe is various for some adde Wine others Vinegar others both and many Aromata's and so make it a compound syrupe Some would have it more simple and make it without cocture purging its succe by residence and insolation then having clarified it with sugar percolate and coct it some dilute the sugar in water and coct it well and then adject the succe and elixate them a little into a syrupe others make it otherwise but the description we have given is most usual easie and best This syrupe roborates the ventricle stayes vomiting Vires represses belly-fluxes helps such as labour under the Dysentery Cholick bloody-flux immoderate flux of fluors or Haemorrhoids and stayes distillations falling from the head to the breast and inferiour parts CHAP. 27. Syrupus de Pomis simplex or the simple Syrupe of Apples â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-Apples the Juyce of sower-Apples of each lb v. boyl them till half be consumed then let it stand that it may settle afterwards strain it and with lb iij. of sugar make it into a syrupe The COMMENTARY Some to the confection of this syrupe select the succe of Redolent others of Russetins to whom I willingly assent though Rondeletius refragate who disproves the succe of Russetins upon very infirm grounds because their flesh is hard the succe of those they call Apples of Paradise is also very laudable Some immerge silk newly tincted with scarlet in the succe either before or after depuration till it be red and receive the vertue of the tincture and so become more excellent others put Orange-juyce to it but the description tradited is best according to Mesue Such Apples must be selected as are not onely fragrant with their suavity to recreate the heart but also subacid to exhilarate the parts appertaining to the hearts Oeconomy arceate putretude and contemperate Melancholical humours This syrupe of Apple-juyce incides and diminishes Melancholical humours Vires moves sudour abates the hearts palpitation helps its trembling and debility and according to Mesue prohibits swounding so that it is of perpetual use CHAP. 28. Syrupus Regis Saboris or King Sabor's syrupe D. Mes â„ž of the Juyce of sweet-smelling Apples lb iij. the clarified Juyce of Bugloss and Borage Let the Saffron be hung in a Nodule whilest the syrupe is a boyling of each lb ij the Leaves of Senna picked from its stalksÊ’ iiij Amseed â„¥ ss SaffronÊ’ ij sugar lb iiij boyl these according to Art to the consistency of a syrupe The COMMENTARY No Pharmacopoly should be without this eximious syrupe to whose confection Senny must first be a little brayed then macerated a whole natural day with Anise in the succes described afterwards once or twice fervefied and strained the expression strained and clarified must be cocted into a syrupe Saffron bound in a linen cloth may be cocted in it it took its name from Sabor King of the Medes for the conservation of whose sanity it was invented and instituted It recreates the vital spirits Vires exhilarates the mind contemperates and purges melancholick humours attenuates crass and viscid humours discusses flatuosity gently subduces the belly and purifies the blood CHAP. 29. Syrupus Myrtinus comp or the compound Syrupe of Myrtle â„ž of the berries of the Myrtle-tree â„¥ ij ss white Sanders * * * Rhois Culinariae red Sumach Pomgranate flowers Berberies red Roses of each â„¥ j. ss Medlars lb ss let these be bruised and boyled in lb viij of water till it come to lb iiij adde thereunto of the Juyce of Quinces and Pomgranates of each lb ij Sugar lb v. boyl it to a syrupe The COMMENTARY This syrupe holds its old composition wherein many astrictives are mixed together to supply the defect of Myrtle-berries which are very rare whereof if there were any plenty it were better to make the syrupe onely of their succe and Sugar Valerius Cordus mixes it with the succe of wild Apples Fernelius of acid Pomegranates which I like not It roborates the ventricle and bowels Vires abates the antiquate belly-flux prohibits the eruption of blood and the deflux of all humours from the head to the inferiour parts CHAP. 30. Syrupus Menthae simp comp or the simple and compound Syrupe of Mint D. Mes â„ž of the Juyces of Mint clarified sweet Pomegranates and sowre of each lb j. Sugar and Honey as much as will make it into a syrupe The Compound is thus made â„ž of the Juyces of sweet and dulcoacid Quinces of acid and dulcoacid Pomegranates of each lb j. ss Muzorum Acido-dulcium macerate in these for 24 hours dried Mint lb j. ss red Roses â„¥ ij boyl them till half be consumed to the Colature adde lb ij of sugar and in the boyling hang in a ragÊ’ ij of Gallia Moschata The COMMENTARY These syrupes by the consent of the Author may
that I have seen of it and they were no few differ among themselves some admitting too many attenuatives others too viscid ingredients others useless ones and others in such a confused form as if they could scarce be prepared as described All of them require nemoral Snails which yet if there be any such are worse as Rubetae amongst Frogs because their succe is sharper and more fervid but less nutritive and apt to resarciate therefore I judge the vulgar more wholesom which live partly on the water partly on the land And Rondeletius said true that Snails could not alwayes live without water whence these terrestrial Snails must be such as live in muddy and fenny places partly on limpid water and partly on dry land But they must be duly prepared before they accede the confection of this syrupe their necks tails and members must be first abscinded their shels divided or separated that all the flesh may be extracted which must be purged from all filth cut into pieces and cocted together with the Simples enumerated and those in such order as they that require longer coction may be sooner injected those that require shorter later And so it were better to coct the simples severally from the flesh and the flesh first or last as the Medick will Sugar and Penidees must be added to the Colature It is good for such as resurge from long diseases Vires or are marcid tabid or consumed or labor under some prave affection of the lungs CHAP. 10. Syrupus exhilarans or The exhilarative Syrupe D. Dom. Laurent ℞ of the Juyces of Borrage and Bugloss lb j. ss of the Juyce of sweet smelling Apples lb j. of the Juyce of Balm ℥ ss of Kermes-berriesʒ iij. Saffronʒ ss Spec. diamarg. frigid ʒ ss Diambrae ℈ iiij Loaf-sugar lb ij coct it into Syrupe according to Art The COMMENTARY Doctor Laurentius the King of France's chief Physician gives this description in a certain learned piece of his about conservation of the Sight Melancholy Catarrhs and old Age and he confesses that his Kinsman Castellanus the King of France's chief Chirurgeon was its Author and it is thus confected The grains of Kermes must be infused a whole night in the depurated succes upon hot ashes the sugar diluted in its strong expression then all cocted into a syrupe in whose middle a little bundle must be suspended wherein the powders and Saffron are contained its dosis may be from one ounce to two ounces in the morning before meat or at night before sleep It is cognominated exhilarative because it hath an eximious faculty in recreating the heart and vitals erecting the saculties abigating sorrow and tempering the malign quality of melancholy This syrupe may be substituted in stead of that that is made of Kermes in such parts where the Illex is coccigerous of which consection we were not unmindeful but being easie to make we omitted it and left to such whom Nature hath inriched with its eximious succe There are inumerable more descriptions of syrupes in divers Authors but some of them being disapproved of others scarce proved we will not onerate or rather inquinate our Antidotary therewith For the acid syrupe of Manna the syrupe of sweet Pomegranates of Persian Apples of acid Prunes of Pears of deansed Grapes of Thyme and many more which Mesue describes are out of use I hear of the syrupes of the greater Centaury of St. Johns-wort of Ivy of Tobacco of Fennel and some others not yet proved by use of which if the Famous Colledge at Paris approve I shall approve also Myrepsus his syrupe the syrupe of Diasireos the syrupes of Lilly of Acorus of Madder of Penny-royal of Turbith of Grapes of Myrobalambs and others which Jacobus de Manliis Andernacus Wekerus and some of the later rank describe are now wholly neglected SECT III. Of Syrupes dulcorated with Honey THere rest yet some Syrupes which we shall describe in this Section that are not dulcorated with Sugar but with Honey nor made like the rest of the decoctions of Roots Leaves Flowers Seeds and Fruits but onely of limpid and aqueous succes whereunto we may well referre that Hydromel which is called the vinous Hydromel for in sapour faculties and consistence it responds to a Syrupe CHAP. 1. Oxymel seu Acetum mulsum c. Oxymel or sweet Vinegar Secanjabin in Arabick ℞ of the best Honey lb ij of Fountain-water lb iiij white-white-wine Vinegar lb j. boyl them together in a fit vessel to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Honey must first be cocted in water and despumed then must the Vinegar be by little and little adjected then all cocted together till they acquire the consistence of a liquid syrupe But the Ancients have not definitely described the quantity of Vinegar for seeing Honey according to Galen is hot and in hot natures turns soon into bile so much Vinegar must be added by Oribasius his advice as will correct that bilefying faculty and so it may be made into Oxymel convenient and useful for all ages and sexes for it is as sweet as acid and as mean and should be made variously according to the gust of the assumer so that it may not hurt for things very sharp abrade the intestines and hinder expectoration but that which is moderately acrimonious is very useful to the affections of the breast and lungs for it educes spittle and facilitates spiration for it incides and attenuates crass humours expurges the bowels without molestation and attenuates mans meat It s preparation then is various and the proportion of Honey to Vinegar and of Vinegar to water is various for though the a queous be better to most yet it agrees not to all Oribasius would have twice as much Honey and four times as much water as Vinegar and would have them all cocted to the thirds which is the same with that that Mesue gives whereunto Serapius assents though he elsewhere makes them of equal parts but that is too sowre Now the middle betwixt both may be of one part and a half of Vinegar to two of the best Honey which emits not much spume for all Honey that emits more spume is not so good but must be cocted and despumed longer and so its greatest part dissipated in coction for it must be cocted till it effer no more spume Thus the quantity of the Vinegar must be augmented and diminished according to the will of the user to whom it is more convenient as he more defires is and so it should be made according to every disposition yet that which is kept in shops is usually prepared as Mesue hath described and is made more sweet or more sowre as the assumer desires it and the exigency calls for it Oxymel incides Vires attenuates and prepares crass and viscid humours for expurgation conduces equally to hot and cold affections and effects what we have before mentioned CHAP. 2. Oxymel Stilliticum or Oxymel of Squills ℞ of
Honey despumed lb iij. Vinegar of Squills lb ij boyl them in an earthen pipkin to the consistency of a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The Medick Marcellus makes it after another manner by superadding water For he takes of Squils lb j. Fountain-water lb iiij loyl them to a pinte and half and so let it stand a whole day close covered afterwards press it out and to the expression adde as much Vinegar with lb iij. of the best Honey let it be again gently boyled to a fit consistency Mervardus also and Bern. Dissennius think it cannot be made without water to which opinion some assent who mix twice as much water with this as with the Simple Oxymel But Sylvius saith this is needless seeing the Honey is first cocted and despumed in water and the Vinegar legitimately prepared with Scilla and the Acetum is thus made one pound of the segments of Scilla trajected on a thread and dried in a shade is macerated in eight pounds of white-Wine the mixture is insolated in either a Glass-vessel or an earthen one well glazed with an angust orifice by the space of forty days in the hot Sun then it is strained and the segments being ejected and the Liquorice preserved which was of more use heretofore then now There are many and various wayes of making it but the description we have given is most usual and agrees with that which Paulus Aegineta gives of it There are also many wayes of making Oxymel Scilliticum but Democrates Julian and the rest make it more compound but these are neglected and no where made therefore omitted by us It incides crass humours Vires takes away obstructions caused by crass humours impacted on the lungs and cures the Epilepsie Vertigo Cephalalgia and Hemitrania CHAP. 3. Oxymel Compositum or Compounded Oxymel â„ž of the roots of Smallage Fennel Parsly Butchers-broom Asperagrass of each â„¥ ij the seeds of Smallage and Fenâ—el of each â„¥ j. boyl them all in lb xij of water in the clarified Colature mix of the best Honey lb iiij white-wine Vinegar lb j. coct it into a liquid Syrupe The COMMENTARY The compounded Oxymel is made like the simple Oxymel Stilliticum one simple and usual Vinegar is here substituted in stead of the other Praepositus makes a certain compounded aromatical Oxymel and another potently diuretical mixing with the one many Aromata's with the other Grass-Orris and Radish-roots but these may be added when use calls for it and no other composititious Oxymel kept in shops The quantity of Honey is not determined by Authors because it is sometimes to be made more acrimonious at other times sweeter But if we should define the quantity we would make it in a mean betwixt acritude and sweetness It incides Vires attenuates and absterges viscid and pituitous humours frees the liver spleen and bowels from obstructions expels the sand of the reins and bladder and moves urine CHAP. 4. Hydromel vinosum simplex or Simple vinous Hydromel â„ž of the best Honey lb x. pluvial or fluvial water lb lx boyl them together till an egge will swim at top then insolate it and preserve it The COMMENTARY If this Receipt like not any one he may take water and coct it to the absumption of its third part accurately absterging and abjecting the spume for thus the more dissipable part of the water being vanished the remnant will have a consistence like a liquid Syrupe its sapour will be sweet and the coction fit for conservation Many Medicaments mutuate their basis and appellations from Honey as Mulsam or Mede Hydromel both aqueous and vinous Oxymel and many other Medicinal Honeys of the succes of Plants as Rhodomel or Honey of Roses Honey of Violets Mercury Raisins Rosemary and Anacardium Mede consists onely of Water and Honey mixed in a different proportion and that is called dilute Mede that admits but of little Honey How to make Mede and very much water For we make Mede saith Oribasiâ—â— when we mix much water with Honey and coct them till they cease to emit spume for then the spume must be taken off But the quantity of Honey must be augmented for pituious humours both to alter the peccant humour and to conciliate a more grateful gust Oribasius was out when he thought that Mede should be made of Wine and Honey and Melicrass of Honey and Water for they are both one Though Mesue calls Melicrass Oxymel and gives two descriptions thereof the one consists of Wine and Honey the other besides these two admits of many Aromata's as Cloves Cinamome sweet-Cane Mace and the like which by some he assenting thereto is called a Condite But this kinde of Potion which consists of Wine and Honey is called Oinomel Oinomel it is sometimes confected of two parts of old Wine and one of Honey and sometimes of five parts of new Wine and one of Honey which when cold is reposed into Hogs-heads Oribasius C. 25. L. 5. Collectorum Simple and vulgar Hydromel is prepared just as Melicratum so that they differ onely in name not in substance yet Galen saith Melicratum or Mede should be made of rain-water and Hydromel of fountain-water Apomeli is made also after the like manner for according to Galen it may be made of rain or any water so it be pure and Honey expressed from the comb which must be so long cocted together till spume cease to exurge which must be taken off as soon as it emerges for so it will depose its acrimony The Ancients called it syrupe of Honey-combs Philagrius gives a better description to a better Apomelie thus Let some Combs full of the best Honey be strongly pressed betwixt ones hands and let a portion of the honey expressed be injected into four times as much pure water and let the Honey-Combs be also immerged and washed in the water that they may depose all their Honey then let the water be strained then cocted over a luculent fire and well despumed let it then be taken off and frigefie and let what-ever swims upon be abjected then boyl it again and despume it which iterate thrice and when it is at last frigefied and purged from its excrements inject this Apomeli into an Earthen or Wooden Vessel Aqueous Hydromel is scarce ever preserved in shops but presently made when use calls for it but the vinous is often confected by the Medicks advice and kept in Citizens houses as some Nectar more precious then Malmsey for it potently cocts frigid humours moves expectoration roborates the stomack hinders crudities helps concoction moves appetite discusses flatuosity mitigates cholical dolours moves urine and very much profits cold constitutions The English were wont to make a more composititious vinous Hydromel which they called Metegla Metegla which received less of Honey but more Aromata and Leaven which is thus confected â„ž of the best and most refined Honey lb x. of the clearest spring-water lb lx boyl them together till a third part be
they boyl it before they sell it out lest it should be sown and germinate elswhere as we have shewed Chap. 14. Sect. 3. Book 4. of our Medicinal Materials Dianison cures the cold distemper of the ventricle Vires caused by crude phlegm or flatulency it cures diuturnal coughs proceeding from cold humours and frees the bowels from obstructions CHAP. 11. Diacinnamomum or The compound Powder of Cinamon D. Mes ℞ of small Cinamonʒ xv Cassia-wood the root of Enula-campane of eachʒ iiij Galangalʒ vij Cloves Long-pepper both the Cardamomes Ginger Mace Nutmegs Aloes-wood of eachʒ iij. Saffronʒ j. Sugarʒ v. Mosch ℈ ij make of these a Powder according to Art The COMMENTARY Of the Aromata's which this Powder admits Cinamon is most prepollent which is of two sorts the one more tenuious and fragrant which the Arabians call Darcheni the other more crass and less odorate which we call vulgar or ligneous Cinamon We have depinged both their Histories in Chap. 9. Sect. 3. and Book 1. of our Medicinal Matter The Neotericks for more suavities sake prepare Diacinnamomum with Musk. Its preparation is no more but pulveration and the confused union of the Powders Diacinnamomum consisting wholly of hot and aromatical ingredients Vires doth miraculously resartiate strength exhilarate the spirits and cure all affections proceeding from cold causes CHAP. 12. Lithontripticon or A Powder to break the Stone ℞ of the blood of a Buck-goat prepared ℥ j. the blood of a Hare burnt ℥ ss the roots of Sea-holly Sowbread Madder Cyprus Orris the Florentine the seeds of Gromwel and Saxafrage Winter-cherries of eachʒ ij Lapis Spongiae Egge-shells burnt the inward tunicle of the ventricle of a Hen Juniper-berries Cardamomes Cinamon Mace of each ʒ j. ss the seeds of Smallage Petroseline Bishopweed Asparagrass Caraway Carret Hartwort Coriander Citron Mallows Melon Pepon and Pimpinel of eachʒ j. the Gumme of the Cherry-treeʒ ij let them be all beaten and made into a fine Powder The COMMENTARY We have rejected the old description of this Powder which vulgar Apothecaries call Lithontribon because it receives many astrictives and some things that hinder its efficacy in breaking the stone and extracting the sand of the Reins and others that are too rare and precious or can never be had sincere in whose stead we give another Lithontripticon most aptly composed to break the stone expel sand and cure other affections of the Reins and Bladder But before Goats-blood ingrede its composition it should be thus prepared First a Goat of four years old or thereabouts should be selected and jugulated the blood which comes out in the middle must be put in an earthen pot for that which flows out first is too tenuious the last too crass then the pot must be covered with a rare linen cloth and exposed to the Sun that the blood may coagulate the watry must be rejected and the more crass concreted blood dryed brayed and kept in a glass vessel they are too superstitious who will not kill the Goat till the Sun be entring into Cancer and he have been nourished a long time with Saxifrage Pimpinella Smallage and the like nor collect any save the arterial blood for though this preparation be not useless yet it is not necessary nay there can scarce be such plenty of those plants they require got as will nourish a Goat a long time and besides his blood whose pabulum is not changed is as efficacious for breaking the stone The Hares-blood newly extracted must be so assated that it turn not to ashes but may be pulverated There is nothing besides in this preparation either difficult or operous This Powder taken in a little white-white-wine Vires or water of Pellitory of the wall or such convenient liquor will expel stones and sand from the Reins Bladder and Ureters and potently move Urine CHAP. 13. Pulvis Diacalaminthes or The compound Powder of Mint D. N. Myr. ℞ Mountain-Calamint Peny-royal black Pepper the seeds of Massilian * * * Seseleos Hartwort and Parsley of each ʒ iij. andʒ ij the seeds of Sermountain Ameos Bishopweed Dill tops of Thyme Cinamon Ginger of each ℈ ij Smallage-seed ℈ j. make of these a fine Powder and keep it in a glass with a narrow orifice The COMMENTARY There are various descriptions given of this Powder but all practical Medicks take and approve of this of Myrepsus as best Galen exhibits the like but he makes it too hot and sharp by too much Ginger and Pepper we have put Dill for Anise yet with this reserve That any one may without difference or damage to the compound substitute which he pleases This is prepared as the precedents Diacalamin the extenuates crass and viscid humours Vires discusses flatulency moves urine and fluors cures the cough from cold humours helps the distribution of the aliment to the Liver roborates the ventricle augments appetite it may be given in form of a soft Electuary if it be mixed with Honey a solid one if with Sugar CHAP. 14. Pulvis contra Pestem seu Bezoardicus or A Powder against the Plague or Bezoar-Powder ℞ of the roots of Tormentil Angelico Enula-campane Gentian Pyony Aloes-wood yellow Sanders Harts-horn Ivory the bone in the heart of a Hart Juniper-berries Cardamomes the seeds of Sorrel and Carduus Cloves Mace Cinamon of eachʒ j. ss the rinds of Citron and Orange Diptamus Scordeum Squinant the aromatick Reed Rose-leaves Saffron of eachʒ j. Bole-armeniack washed in Rose-water and Lemnian-Earth of eachʒ ij Camphyr gr viij Amber-grise Leaf-gold of each ℈ j. make of these a very fine and small Powder and repose it in a glass which sign Pulvis Bezoardicus The COMMENTARY Medicaments which oppugn the Plague expugn Poysons evert their harm and defend life are by the Greeks called Antidota by the Arabians Bezaardica of which sort there are some simples as the Bezar-stone Zerumbet and Precious-stones some compounds as Cordials and Theriacals which consist of many things that roborate the heart spirits and vital parts extinguishing poysons and venenate qualities therefore they are said to be in a mean participating both of our nature and poysonous qualities as Mithridate whose frequent use is not safe where there is no suspicion of a venenate quality for if it finde no object on which it may act it leaves the vestigia of its inimick quality impressed on the parts accending the humours and preying upon the native calour But such compound Medicaments as consist onely of cordial and roborative ingredients and by some special faculty oppugning poyson are at all seasons convenient for all temperatures and diseases as this Powder we have described whose faculties are eximious in expugning malign affections and defending the noble parts And it is given in water or some cordial decoction or idoneous conserve or else it is excepted in the Syrupe of Kermes or Lemmons or concinnated into the form of an Opiate it may also with Honey despumed in some cordial
water be coagmentated into the form of a liquid Electuary and kept in shops like other confections Its faculties will be more eximious if Precious-stones Unicorns-horn and Bezar-stone be added to it The Powder is easie to be made and the ingredients may be had It is miraculously efficacious in expugning venenate contagious Vires and pestilent diseases and in recreating and defending the principal parts CHAP. 15. Pulvis Antilyssos seu contra Rabiem or A Powder against the biting of a mad Dog D. J. Pal. â„ž of the leaves of Rue Vervine Sage Plantain Polypody common Wormwood Mint Mugwort Balm Betony S. Johns-wort the lesser Centaury of each m.j. let them be dryed and at last reducated into a fine Powder The COMMENTARY This alexiterial Powder I desumed from the famous Jul. Palmarius who wrote seven Books of contagious Diseases the eximious faculties and admirable effects of this Medicament not onely he but Dominus de Pyrou hath frequently and successfully experienced upon many from whom he confesses he had its first description for as many as were bitten with mad Dogs and used this were presently freed from imminent and incipient Hydrophoby if no part of the head above the teeth or cold member were abluted for then there were small hopes of remedy We call this Powder ANtilyssum because in arceating madness it is inferiour to none it cures wounds inflicted by mad Dogs and impedes that terrible symptome whereby those wretches are fearful of water The preparation of this famous Antidote is easie wherein these three things are chiefly observable First that the Simples be then collected when they are most vertuous to wit in the beginning or end of the Spring That they be not dryed either by the scorching Sun or in a moist place That when they are dry they be kept with this reserve that they be renovated annually There is no need that any great quantity of this eximious Powder be kept in Pharmacopolies for it is enough if half a pound thereof be reconded in a fit vessel for present use But its materials or simples should be kept in abundance artificially dryed inclosed in chartaceous bags and securely reposed that Flyes may not consparcate them nor Mice erode them and when exigence calls for them an equal weight of each should be pulverated and a whole or half dragm thereof given in the morning before meat in a spoon with twice as much Sugar or else in pottage or other convenient liquor as Wine Sider or else in Honey like an Opiate And although one or two dragms be a dosis sufficient for a very robust man yet three or four may sometimes be exhibited by such especially who have been bitten long before or are already begun to fear water This Powder is indeed very eximious but it would be more efficacious if the Powder of Pimpinel and burnt River-Crabfishes were mixed with it Its name Alyssum shews that it is justly preferred before all other of that sort for Galen and Dioscorides call it so because it cures madness and extinguishes its poyson But this plant is rare and known onely to few it is in aspect like Horehound but each genicle emits onely two crisped hoary and almost inodorate leaves spinous cups do verticularly circumvest its Caulicles I have often seen it in the Colledge-Garden in Paris There is another kinde in Germany called Echioides like Tizil in form but it is inferiour to that of Galens yet he that wants the one may substitute the other CHAP. 16. Crocus Martis or Mars his Saffron THis Medicament is so denominated partly from its matter as it is the filings of Steel or Iron dedicated to Mars and partly from its colour which resembles Saffron Its preparation is multifarious for every one prepares it after his own Model in which every one dissents from another whence some have neglected or disapproved of its preparation as useless and Rivierius exhibits the bare limature of Iron for true Saffron of Mars without ustion or ablution professing it to be safer and more efficacious in curing the foetid colours of Virgins but he that will follow the method of so rash a Periclitator shall be more formidable then the very diseases I finde two preparations of this Saffron more usual then the rest the first is vulgar and well known to Pharmacopolists who burn the filings of Steel twice or more in a crucible and wash it as oft partly in Vinegar partly in Rose-water or other fit liquor then dry it and make a subruse ponderous Powder which they call prepared Steel The second is used by the Chymists who make this ponderous Powder volarile whose preparation they thus effect sometimes they assume the limature of Steel sometimes of Iron or of both for the qualities are similar they burn it a day or two in their fire then they inject it into water and assume and keep what swims above and abjecting the water take what is in the bottom and inject it again into the reverberatory fire where they burn it as before and again dimit it into water what swims above they again take and keep what sinks to the bottom they again burn till it subside not but remain upon the superficies of the water which they collect dry and keep for special Chymical Martical Saffron Some make it thus They put the limature of Iron on a dish in a very hot fire and permit it to be red hot when it is cold they bray it laboriously in an Iron-Morter then wash it that the more sublime part may be separated with the water the crasser is again burned and brayed as before which they iterate seven or more times till all the limature become croceous Some wash the limature of Iron in Brine before they calcinate it and afterwards in Vinegar some macerate it in Urine others put Salt to it and others Tartar some burn it with Sulphur others turn it into Rubigo but as these preparations are too curious so are they needless and it is better to hold to one good way then hover doubtful amongst so many But the dust of Iron must be filed very small for this purpose that it may be better calcinated by the fire then it must be brayed afterwards demerged and much agitated in water and the supernatant part collected dryed with moderate heat and kept without further calcination the crasser part must be again immitted into the fire till the whole become volatile and then it is true Martial Saffron Alchymists make it also of other Metals for they have Saffron of Tinne Saffron of Venus but by how much they seem more perite Artificers by so much they are more imperite Medicks They say that Mars his Saffron roborates the liver and spleen Vires takes away the obstructions of the bowels and therefore cures the foetid colour of Virgins Of this and other Cordial Powders prudent Medicks make a Confection in form of a soft Electuary or Tabels called Diastomoma most efficacious in removing obstructions
now obsolete Serapio Aâ—icenna and others that write Antidotaries have many also but this as best may serve in stead of all which must be thus prepared The Spikenard Purslain-seed and Liquorice-juyce must first be incided then brayed with Roses but Spodium Amylum Camphyr and Tragacamhum apart when all are brayed they must with Manna be excepted in the melted succe of Berberries and made into a mass for Trochisks They are commended in hot Fevers Vires and the hot distemper of the Liver and Ventricle as also in inextinguishable thirst and flux of the Belly they also accede the composition of the Electuary of Sea-leeks according to Mesue's description who according to his Interpreters traduction calls them Trochisks of Oxyacantha but they ingrede not the Electuary of Roses delivered by Mesue as Foesius thinks They are made in small quantity because they serve most for other compositions CHAP. 13. Trochisci Gordonii â„ž of the four greater cool seeds picked of the seeds of white Poppy Mallows Cotton Purslain Quinces Myrtles Gum-Arabick Thraganth Pine-kernels Pistacks Sugar-candy Penidees Liquorice Barley the musilidge of Fleabane sweet Almonds excorticated of eachÊ’ ij Bole-Armeniack Dragons-blood Spodium Rose-leaves Myrrhe of each â„¥ ss and with Hydromel make them into Troches let every one weighÊ’ j. The COMMENTARY These Pastils are by Bauderonius faithfully by Joubertus depravedly described for he changed not onely the weight of the Simples but adjoyned others too precious and not necessary Their composition is manifold for they consist of refrigeratives detersives astrictives roboratives lenitives and some apertives some of them are prepared by vulgar triture pulverated solely by the percussion of a Pestel as the roots woods harder seeds gummes Bole-armeniack and Myrrhe yet these two last should not be pulverated confusedly but apart Some must first be cut small then brayed and mixed with others when they are all well brayed they must be confusedly mixed with the succe of Sea-onyons and Hydromel and so coacted for Trochisks Now for Dragons-blood we must neither take Dioscorides his Cinnabris nor with Pliny the blood of a Serpent or other Animal nor yet any thing made of Cynople Bole-armeniack or Sorbes and Bricks brayed and subacted but the Lachryma of a certain exotical tree called Draco as we have taught in our Book of Simples Gordonius prescribes them to the Ulcers of the Reins Vires and they are also good for the Ulcers of other internal parts for they leniate deterge allay acrimony and roborate One dragm exhibited in Milk much helps internal Ulcers which if they be in the Bladder it must be distempered with Milk and projected by a pipe CHAP. 14. Trochisci de Capparibus or Troches of Capers â„ž of the bark of the roots of Capers Vine-seed of eachÊ’ vj. Gumme-Ammoniacum â„¥ ss Gith Calamint Acorus bitter Almonds Cress-seeds Rue round Birthwort Juyce of Egrimony boyled up to a good consistence of eachÊ’ j. which after triture with Ammoniacum dissolved form them into Troches The COMMENTARY We have admitted of Mesue's old description without any immutation as performing what it pollicitates for these of all incisive and reserative Trochisks are the most efficacious consisting of many things which attenuate and incide crass melancholical and terrene humours take away infarctures and mollifie hardness Whereunto if any will adde of the Gumme of Lacca and Madder an Ê’ j. he shall make them much more efficacious and he shall not need Trochisks of Lacca because the Trochisks of Capers are enough according to Plantius for the obstructions of the Spleen and old affections Both these and the superiour are made alike Ammoniack must be dissolved in Vinegar cocted to the consistence of Honey and therein the Powders subacted for Trochisks They are much commended against all obstructions Vires hardness inflations and preternatural tumours in the Spleen and Liver they help in the Kings-Evil and the beginning Dropsie they take away infarctures and discuss flatulency their dosis is one dragm with tenuious wine or the water of the decoction of Capers-roots ashes or Tamarisks-bark Mesue saith some make them more valid by duplicating the Ammoniack CHAP. 15. Trochisci de Myrrha or Trochisks of Myrrhe D. Rhas â„ž of MyrrheÊ’ iij. LupinesÊ’ v. Rue Horsemint Penyroyal Cumin Madder Assafoetida Opoponax of eachÊ’ ij and with the Juyce of Mugwort make them into Troches every one weighingÊ’ ij The COMMENTARY These Trochisks described by Rhasis denominated from Myrrhe and used by all Medicks must in no wise be omitted to whose composition many things accede which liberate the Mesentery from obstructions diduce the passages take away infarctures and potently deturb such humours as either with their abundance aggravate or quality offend That they may be duly confected the Gummes must be melted in the hot decoction or succe of Mugwort then trajected through a linen cloth to dissipate their aqueous humidity that they may be of the consistence of Honey Hereunto must the other simples when pulverated very small be added for such things as remove obstructions open passages and protrude any matter forth should be levigated very small for Asarum and many simples redacted to most subtile dust by triture move urine copiously which when brayed more crassly stay longer and work more dully These Pastils are frequently used when fluors retard their course when secunds are retained and lochia suppressed they are given from Ê’ j. to Ê’ ij ss and sometimes to Ê’ iij. with water or a fit decoction CHAP. 16. Trochisci Alexiterii or Alexiterial or Trochisks against the Plague â„ž of the roots of Gentian Tormentil Florentine-Orris Setwel of eachÊ’ ij Cinamon Cloves Mace of eachÊ’ ss GingerÊ’ j. AngelicarootÊ’ ij Coriander prepared Rose-leaves of eachÊ’ j. Citron-pill dryedÊ’ ij make of these a Powder and with the Juyce of Liquorice â„¥ vj. make it into a soft Paste of which form either Troches or Rolls The COMMENTARY These Trochisks are very convenient for the prevention of the Plague for a little of them detained in ones mouth leaves a grateful sapour and an odour which arceates and emends the malign quality of the inquinated air hindring it from infecting the spirits for such things as are insipid and inodorate as Unicorns-horn Bezaar-stone Margarites Precious-stones and many more obsistents to poyson exert their faculties onely when ingested into the body or some way infused which are almost inefficacious if onely contained in the mouth emitting no sapour or halite whereby the ferity of the air may be tamed But these Trochisks whether they be onely detained in the mouth or ingested into the ventricle they are of eximious faculties and most efficacious in evincing pestilent poyson That they may be duly made the Liquorice juyce wherein the powders must be excepted must be mollified in St. Maries Bath till it be ducible and may be concorporated with the whole quantity of powders which to the perite will be but easie though to the inexpert it seems too operous who may adde thereto a little
white-wine lb ss good Oyl lb j. ss mingle them and insolate them for seven dayes afterwards put them in a bath till the wine be evaporated and the expressed Oyl keep The COMMENTARY This Oyl should be made about the beginning of Autumn we call it Myreol or Unguent of Pigment because both the Plants whereof it consists are called by the French Pigmentum as if they should say Pigment and by some Ambrosia for by the fragrance of its halite it exhilarates and by its aromatical lentour inviscates the fingers of the contrectants When Don Claudius Gonerius a man of much learning and integrity of whom we have oft made mention in our Books of Medicinal Matter had accurately sought into the nature of these Plants whose diligence in finding the varieties and faculties of Simples hath been very great He was moved that Medicks should not celebrate and usurp such eximious Plants which Nature it self had designed excellent by their odour sapour and pinguetude But it may be these Plants are contemptible because of their frequency the herb indeed grows most commonly in cultivated Gardens but the shrub fruticates spontaneously in all places about Paris much whereof in the beginning of September is brought into the City and bought by women to conciliate fragrance and suavity to their vestments When I had long explored their faculties and found them efficacious I made this Oyl of them which responds in faculties to many Balsams for it conduces much to the Palsey Vires trembling and imbecility of the Nerves it cures the cold dolours of the articles digests watry humours takes away dolours sprung from phlegm cocts and resolves crude tumours roborates the Brain and Nerves and with a little Turpentine draws dysepulotical Ulcers to sanity SECT II. Of such Oyls as may be confected at any time IN the former Section of this Book we have comprehended all Oyls more usual and necessary for Pharmacopolists which should be made in the Spring Summer or Autumn by infusion those seasons suppeditating fresh and eximious Medicaments in great plenty Now it rests that we describe such as Art may elicite at any time CHAP. 1. Oleum Mastichinum or Oyl of Mastick D. Mes â„ž Mastick â„¥ iij. Oyl of Roses â„¥ xij generous Wine â„¥ iiij boyl them till the consumption of the wine then strain it and let the Oyl be reposed in a pot for use The COMMENTARY Mesue gives two descriptions of the Oyl of Mastick one consisting of the Oyl of Sesamum and Mastick the other of Wine Mastick and the Oyl of Roses which is frequently used Praepositus propounds a third which all reject Myrepsus besides the former gives two other scarce at all used This description then that we give out of Avicenna and Mesue is solely admitted for whose confection the Mastick must be tunded pretty crassly then cocted and agitated in a double vessel together with Oyl of Roses and red VVine till the VVine be exhaled It roborates the brain Vires nerves ventricle liver and articles it mollifies hard tumours and allayes dolours CHAP. 2. Oleum Nardinum simplex or Simple Oyl of Spikenard D. Mes â„ž Spikenard â„¥ iij. Wine and Water of each â„¥ ij ss Oyl of the Pulse Sesamum lb j. ss boyl them upon a gentle fire till the water be consumed stirring of them lest they burn The COMMENTARY Mesue is too much occupied in varying the same Oyl for he gives four sorts of the Oyl of Roses three of Spikenard amongst which those onely that are first described are usurped the rest seldome or never as other two which Myrepsus gives so sumptuous that they rather seem Balsams or Unguents then Oyls For the confection of this simple Oyl of Spikenard in defect of Oyl of Sesamum sweet Oyl may be substituted without much errour for Mesue sometimes prescribes that of Sesamum or sweet Oyl at pleasure The Spikenard must be minutely cut and macerated three or four hours in a glass or fictile pot in Wine Water and Oyl then all cocted till the water and wine be dissipated Some macerate it onely in water and wine for a whole day but so its faculties are worsted they had better infuse it for a short space in Oyl water and wine calefied a little upon the ashes Now half a pound of Oyl seeming too little for three ounces of Spikenard much whereof is very light the Roman Medicks have added to it a pound more so that it is lb j. ss This Oyl is called Benedict for its eximious vertues it calefies Vires attenuates digests and astringes moderately and thence conduces much to all cold flatulent affections of the Brain Ventricle Liver Spleen and Uterus and emends the odour and colour of the body CHAP. 3. Oleum Croci or Oyl of Saffron D. Mes â„ž of Saffron Calamus Aromaticus of each â„¥ j. Myrrhe â„¥ ss macerate them five dayes in Vinegar Cordumeni i. Carui in ejus loco Cardamomi then infuse for a whole day Cardamomes Ê’ ix afterwards boyl them upon a gentle fire till the Vinegar be consumed with lb j. ss of the best Oyl let the Colature be put in a fit vessel The COMMENTARY There is scarce a disease more frequent then the Neapolitan or a Medicament more usual to it then the Emplaister of Frogs described by Jo. Vigonius for there is not an Oppidane Barber so stupid but he hath made both tryal and gain of this Medicament to whose confection Oyl of Saffron acceding it should be kept in Pharmacopolies otherwise the Medicament will be ill confected yet I think Mesue invented it not for that end for it is credible he never heard of the Venereous Pox else he would not have been silent in that point but he made it to roborate the Uterus and Nerves allay their dolours mollifie and discuss hardness and conciliate colour What Cordumeni is we have shewed in our Book of Simples CHAP. 4. Oleum de Capparibus or Oyl of Capers â„ž of the bark of the roots of CapersÊ’ j. the middle bark of Tamarisk Tamarisk-leaves the seeds of white Willow Spleen-wort Cypress-root of eachÊ’ ij RueÊ’ j. Vinegar generous White-wine of each â„¥ ij mature Oyl lb j. boyl them till the Vinegar and the Wine be consumed and let percolated Oyl be reposed idoneously for future use The COMMENTARY The invention of this Oyl is attributed to the Neotericks for none of the Ancients that I know of speak of it It s Author is uncertain but whoever he was he described this Oyl which is eximiously Medicinal both legitimately and methodically Which is therefore alwayes almost made after the description we have exhibited save by Brassavolus who studying novelties changed it who I think is one of them that had rather be seen then estimated But that it may be duly confected the roots of Cypress must first be minutely incided then brayed with the barks of Capers and Tamarisks the other simples also as Tamarisks Scolopendrium or Ceterach and Rue
must be tunded together only the seed of Agnus Castus apart then all must be mixed together macerated fifteen dayes in Wine Vinegar and Oyl then cocted in a double vessel till the wine and vinegar be dissipated and then the Oyl strained and kept It much helps the affections of the Spleen Vires for it cures its hardness swelling obstructions and dolours it opens the spiracles and pores of the skin resolves humours and discusses flatulency CHAP. 5. Oleum ex Euphorbio or Oyl of Euphorbium D. Mes â„ž Euphorbium â„¥ ss Oyl of Wall-flowers odoriferous Wine of each â„¥ v. boyl them together till the consumption of the wine The COMMENTARY As water may by Art be made more cold or more hot so may Oyl according to Galen which may be made very refrigerative if Sedum or Sempervive be macerated therein refrigerative and stupefactive if Mandrake and hot if Pepper or Euphorbium be macerated in it From all which legitimately adhibited Oyls may be by impression elicited most accommodate for Medicinal uses for though Euphorbium be exceeding hot and sharp yet Galen commends it for many uses as mixed with wax for the affections of the Hips melted with Oyl to the Hemicrany from a cold cause from the lection whereof Mesue being made more learned and bold brought this Oyl which he invented amongst those other he describes adding another out of Avicenna whereunto he adjects some few things but that is of no use obselete but for the confection of the former white and new Euphorbium should be selected in defect whereof by Galens advice twice as much old must be usurped it must be levigated into small powder and a little wine or Oyl of Keyri superfused lest it should offend the nose and brain of the tunder when it is brayed it must be mixed with Oyl of wine and moved alwayes with a rudicle then cocted slowly till all the wine be exhaled and then the distrained Oyl must be reposed It much helps the cold affections of the brain and nerves Vires the Cephalalgie Hemicrany and Lethargie being immitted up the nostrils it also helps the cold dolours of the junctures liver and spleen CHAP. 6. Oleum Moschellinum or A sweet smelling Oyl â„ž of Nutmegs num ij MoschÊ’ ss Indian leaf Spikenard Costus Mastick of eachÊ’ vj. Storax * * * Xylo-Cassia Cassia-Lignea Myrrhe Saffron Cloves Cubebs Bdellium of each Ê’ ij pure Oyl lb iij. generous Wine â„¥ iij. let them be bruised that are to be bruised and mingled together boyling of them till the Wine be consumed let the strained Oyl be preserved for use The COMMENTARY Most dissent about the Author Description Name of this Oyl and the dosis of its simples for all that have spoken of it either adding or detracting something have obscured its origine and changed its antique description which Joubertus finding shamefully depraved castigated and reduced to a better form which here we have exhibited under the name of Musk-Oyl for it having two bases both eximious and yet affine in faculty it may be denominated from either for whether we call it Muscellinum from Musk or Moscatellinum from Nutmeg it may legitimately bear the name But it is foolishly by some called Oyl of Balanus which is an odorate simple as though it were elicited out of the brayed Unguentary Acorn That it may be duly made all its ingredients must be brayed apart and put together into Oyl and VVine to be there macerated in an obturated vessel upon hot ashes for a day or two except Storax and Musk then they must be all cocted in a double vessel till the wine be evaperated then the Oyl must be percolated and the pulverated Storax added to the hot colature which must be again servefied on a slow fire and at length the Musk added and the mixture kept Some adde Ê’ ij of Musk others Ê’ iij. which if it please rich men let them take it but poor men may not compass it Alexandrinus assumes Oleum Pumicum which some interpret pure Oyl others Carthaginean Oyl we with Joubertus take sweet and sincere Oyl for water wine for Neregil that is the Indian Nut Nutmegs for Costum if it may not be had Angelica's root for Xylo-Cassia crass Cinamon for Carpobalsamum Cubebs or the seed of Lentisks or Turpentine-tree the rest are frequent It is good for all corporal frigidity Vires especially for the cold of the ventricle which it roborates it calefies and helps concoction it cures Strangury Cholick and almost all nervous affections SECT III. Of such Oyls as are confected of whole Animals or of their parts MEdicinary Oyls are neither all nor alwayes elicited out of Plants but confected of whole or parts of Animals by infusion or expression for seeing all living Creatures were made for Mans use some he hath for Meat others for Clothing some for Service and others for Medicine for Sheep nourish him the Silk-fly clothes him the Horse works for him and Worms cure him But more serve for mans Medicament then his Aliment whose Medicinal faculties are diversly extracted prepared and exhibited by perite Medicks whereof they most frequently confect Medicinal Oyls As CHAP. 1. Oleum Lumbricorum or Oyl of Earth-worms â„ž Earth-worms washed in White-wine of Red-wine and generous Wine of each lb ss clear and old Oyl lb ij boyl them till the absumption of the Wines let the percolated Oyl be kept for use The COMMENTARY Those descriptions which are founded on the testimony of no famous man never pass through many hands without some maims seeing any may freely change them without fear of rebuke Yet this Oyl though of an uncertain Author is alike described of all wherein there is no difference but onely in the dosis of wine and worms which are in some exemplars equal in others not Some describe less wine then will suffice for the coction of the worms others so much as will require longer coction VVe have given a a legitimate proportion of each to other For its preparation the Earth-worms must be often washed in change of waters and then in white-wine where they may subside an hour the lotion being finished and the wine abjected the worms must be put into a double vessel the Oyl with red or white wine affunded and all cocted till the wine be evaporated then may the Oyl trajected through a Canvas strainer be reposed for use Some bray the worms mix them with Oyl in form of an Unguent but such are of rare use It allayes the dolours of the articles Vires roborates the imbecility of the nerves from a cold cause and recreates all the nerves by way of liniment CHAP. 2. Oleum de Scorpionibus simp or Simple Oyl of Scorpions D. Mes â„ž of Scorpions nu xx or more or less according to their magnitude Oyl of bitter Almonds lb ij macerate them in a glass with a narrow mouth well stopped for thirty dayes in the heat of the Sun and then let the Oyl be
dry or moist the dry distillation is made in a furnace sometimes by the intervent of Coals sometimes of Sand and sometimes of hot ashes the humid is made in St. Maries Bath Now there are as many varieties of Baths and Furnaces as there are different wayes of distillation so that they can scarce be complected But now we shall briefly explicate how the most usual Oyls are elicited CHAP. 7. Oleum de Lateribus or Oyl of Bricks LEt inveterate Bricks broken into small pieces be burned on accended coals till they be red-hot then inject and dimit them into clear and old Oyl till they be filled therewith then beat them into powder and put the powder in a vitreous Cucurbite on which impose a rostrated Alembick and place it in a furnace duly structed accend the fire underneath it and keep the Oyl that flows from it The Bricks that are made of old earth should be selected as best which should be broken into crasser pieces of the weight of Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. which after ignition must be extinguished in clear antique Oyl or Oyl of Rosemary if it may be spared and pulverated very small then injected into a vitreous Cucurbite well adapted to the furnace and bedaubed with clay that the powder may therein calefie by the fire under it and exude this Oyl which is diversly denominated for some Medicks call it rightly Oyl of Bricks others improperly Artificial Petreol in opposition to the Natural which distils spontaneously out of Rocks others by a more special Nomenclature call it The Holy Divine and Blessed Oyl The Alchymists do more arrogantly call it The Oyl of Magisteries and the Philosophers Oyl whom therefore Sylvius derides because they onely call themselves Philosophers in their daily speech and writings affirming themselves the sole Philosophers seeking that nominally which they cannot attain really This Oyl extenuates penetrates digests Vires and absumes all excrementitious matter conduces to the cold affections of the Spleen Reins Bladder Nerves Uterus and Articles it cures also the Lethargie Palsey and Epilepsie It is hot in the third degree and by so much more efficacious by how much more antique CHAP. 8. Oleum Vitrioliâ— or Oyl of Vitriol TEn or twelve pounds of Vitriol may be injected into a vitreous vessel obduced with clay and set on the fire till its phlegm be extilled then it should be taken off and brayed and purged from its phlegm which should be again iterated till no phlegm would emanate but the spirits leap out then should it be taken off the fire and its red calx taken pulverated and imposed in a crooked or rather straight Cucurbite whereunto an ample Recipient should be adapted and diligently conjoyned with clay and the Oyl distilled by a luculent fire continuing both night and day when all is cold the whole Liquor exempted and imposed in a vitreous vial first the insipid water then the acid which they call Oyl may be segregated from the sediment If this Oyl be often imbrued in its phlegm or the circulation of the spirit of wine it will be sweet for Alchymists mix an equal quantity of this and this Oyl then they digest and evoke them out of a singular Vial till the Alome being separated from the Sulphur of the Chalcantum the Oyl remain sweet Vitriol affords many several Medicinal Remedies as Spirits Oyl both acid and sweet Salt Colchotar and a certain thing the Chymists call Balsam The Spirit of Vitriol differs from its Oyl in its preparation tenuity and active vertue for it is the more subtile liquor of Vitriol or that I may speak in their own language the quintessence thereof which is made after many manners as thus The Vitriol is agitated very much with the vehement heat of the fire within its straight Vial so that that which distils upon the pulverated earth which they call Colchotar is alwayes resunded and at length by the vehemency of the fire propelled through the crooked glass and this is the most efficacious Spirit Some distil water and Oyl together out of the best Vitriol which are crasser Spirits which they purge from their dregs till they be attenuated into subtiler Spirits But they are better elicited while they are driven through a new Alembick by affunding the extillatitious liquor alwayes upon the dead head and then circulating it a whole week The common Oyl of Vitriol is educed after this vulgar manner A certain quantity of natural and good Cyprian Vitriol is taken calcinated in a vessel of Copper till it be quite red and its phlegm dissipated then it is brayed and included in a Cucurbite obduced with clay irrigated with Aqua-vitae and so left for a day then it is collocated and setled in a furnace duly structed and at first a modorate then a vehement fire accended under it that all its liquor may extil which after refrigeration is put in a small Cucurbite coarctated with a capitel and so its aqueous liquor stills in S. Maries Bath and its pure Oyl remains in the bottome of the vessel which is again put into another Cucurbite circumcinged with accended fire that it may be better and more throughly purged It s colour is more or less red or white as its efficacy and calour is more or less moderate â„¥ iij. of Oyl may be elicited out of lb j. of rubefied Vitriol All the qualities of the Oyl of Vitriol are so intense Vires that it cannot be assumed alone but mixed with some water decoction or fit conserve and though it be exceeding hot yet a few drops thereof mixed with much water become acid and both grateful and useful to the Feverish It penetrates by its tenuity carries the water to remote parts removes obstructions arceates putretude recreates the bowels and conduces much to the Pestilence Epilepsie Palsey and Strangury It doth not infect the simple decoction of Roses but the Syrupe of Violets with a purpureous and elegant acid sapour for a few drops thereof cast into an ounce of the said Syrupe will make it from violaceous purpureous CHAP. 9. Oleum Sulphuris or Oyl of Sulphur LEt a broad dish be so supposited to a suspended Campana that their brims may be distant about three fingers and let a vessel containing Sulphur which hath not yet suffered fire be put in the bottome of the dish and accended and agitated with a red-hot Iron when that is absumed let more be set on and ignited as before that out of its copious vapour erected into the Campana a concrete oleous liquor may delabe into the dish Some take an equal quantity of Sulphur and Pumice or Flint-stone brayed and putting the mixture into a crooked Cucurbite adhibit it to a moderate fire and educe most excellent Oyl thence Oyl of Sulphur is educed many more wayes for some adde Spirit of VVine to pulverated Sulphur and accend them when the water is absumed they bray the Sulphur and mix sand with it including them in a Vial and eliciting Oyl by
and Rosines be added as also all kindes of Gummes Some whereof are mixed sincere others diluted colated and cocted in Wine Vinegar or other liquor if Turpentine be required it may be added when the Salve is percocted and abstracted from the fire then must the hard Powders be cast and sprinkled agitated subacted and concreted into a mass neither soft nor hard but moderate and viscid which will not inquinate the contractants hands If liquid succes as Wine Vinegar Medicinal Waters or Decoctions ingrede a Salves confection they must be cocted till their aqueous humidity be dissipated New and spiss Succes must be dissolved in some liquor which must also be dissipated by coction dry and friable ones must be pulverated and mixed therewith And as it is of great moment which must be first put in the dispensation and which last so also which must be longer which less cocted For the light coction of Lithargie makes the Medicament white the longer black Verdigrease makes it sometimes citreous sometimes green and sometimes fusk according to the various heat of the fire And the mutation of colour often argues the mutation of qualities for Lithargie by longer coction makes the Salve both blacker and more exsiccative And though the consistence and faculties be the most looked after in Salves yet their colour and odour make them more commendable But seeing we have abundantly treated of general Precepts in confecting Salves in our Institutions Chap. 4. Book 3. it now onely rests that we discuss the particular preparation and confection of each of them CHAP. 1. Diachylon simplex D. Mes â„ž old Oyl lb j. Lithargie finely beaten lb j. ss Our London Apothecaries usually add as much water as Oyl to boyl it with of the musilidge of Marshmallow-roots Linseed and Foenugreek of each â„¥ iiij make it into a Plaister of a legitimate consistency The COMMENTARY The denomination of this Salve is multifarious for from the mucagineous succes which it admits in great plenty it is called Diachylon from its colour Album from its usual frequency Commune and from the five Simples that ingrede its Confection Pentapharmacum and often Simple Diachylon in reference to another more composititious The whole Family of Myropolists acknowledge Mesue its Author though Serapio and Avicenna gave descriptions thereof before him and all exhibit it according to the superiour form wherein Oyl and Lithargie suppeditate matter and corpulency and Succes efficacy which mixed in divers proportions and after divers preparations make up this Emplaister For more dilucidation prepare it thus Purge the Lithargie from its Lead dross and filth then levigate it small agitate and subact it twelve hours in a Metalline-Morter with Oyl then coct it on a slow fire alwayes stirring it till the Lithargie incrassate to a melleous consistence and adheres not to the bottom of the Kettle then take it off the fire that it may cooâ— then fervefie the succes extracted in water aparr till their more aqueous parts be exhaled then mix about a third part thereof accurately with the Lithargie and coct them again till the Lithargie incrassate as before then put the rest to it and agitate them letting them fervefie on a slow fire till they be all united and concorporated into a Salve of a legitimate consistence and if you put an ounce of the powder of Orris to each pound of this Salve then you have Diachylon Ireatum It is a sign the Salve is perfectly cocted when a part thereof adheres not to a Marble nor inquinates the contrectants hands yet it should be sequacious and viscid that Rolls may be formed thereof involved in paper and kept It is the best Mollitive for it mollifies the hard tumours and cocts the humours of the Liver Spleen Ventricle and other parts that which admits of Orris attracts incides and resolves more CHAP. 2. Diachylon Magnum D. Mes â„ž of Lithargie of Gold finely powdered lb j. Oyls of Orris Dill and Camomile of each lb ss musilidge of Marshmallow-roots Figs Linseed Foenugreek Isinglass Juyces of Orris Squills Oesypi of eachÊ’ xij ss Turpentine â„¥ iij. Rosine Wax of each â„¥ ij make it into a Plaister according to Art Diachylon Magnum cum Gummis â„ž Bdellium Sagapenum Ammoniacum of each â„¥ ij dissolve them in wine and boyl them to the crassitude of Honey adding the mass of Diachylon Magnum and make it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY As the Simple and Ireatum were so the great and Gummatum Diachylon are conjoyned and described all in one order because in name and faculties they have much affinity Paul Aegin dissents much from Mesue in the description and confection of the greater Oribasius dissents from Paulus and the usual method accommodated to Mesue from both which we now follow onely neglecting Raisins in whose stead we by Guido's advice substitute Althea's-root and you may thus confect it Agitate and move Lithargie already brayed and purged in a Morter of Copper with Oyl very long then coct it on a slow fire alwayes stirring it till it incrassate then adde the musilidges and coct them till their watry humidity be absumed afterwards put Fish-glue diluted in the succe of Orris and Squills into the confection and coct them till the succes be spent in stead of Alkanach you may put Alkam or Bird-lime which is more convenient for this Emplaister The Wax and Rosine must be put into these whilst they are on the fire the Turpentine and Oesypus may be added when they are abstracted from the fire all the mass must be continually agitated that its consistence may be idoneous Some by industrious sedulity mix a small quantity of the Mucagines at first with the Oyls and Lithargie that they may hinder its subsidence to the bottom of the vessel and make the Salve whiter Its faculties effect the same with the former but more efficaciously for it mollifies cocts and digests better The Gummatum Diachylon attracts mollifies and resolves potently CHAP. 3. Emplastrum de Mucaginibus seu Diachylon compositum or The Plaister of Musilidges or Diachylon compound â„ž of the Musilidge of the seeds of Marshmallows Lin Foenugreek the middle bark of Elm of each â„¥ iiij Oyl of Camomile Lillies and Dill of each â„¥ j. Ammoniacum Galbanum Opoponax Sagapenum of each â„¥ ss new Wax â„¥ xx Turpentine â„¥ ij SaffronÊ’ ij make it into a Plaister according to Art The COMMENTARY Though this Salve be of an uncertain Author yet all Pharmacopolists make it after this description which we exhibit from Fernelius its Transcriber for whose confection first extract the Chyles in water then coct them with Oyls on a slow fire till their a queous humidity be dissipated cut the wax into pieces and melt it herein agitating it with a spatle adde the Gummes diluted first in Vinegar strained and cocted to the absumption of the Vinegar then take them off the fire and adde Turpentine and Saffron to them still agitating the mass till it acquire a due consistence
make it into a Plaister according to Art The COMMENTARY The Matrix or Uterus doth not onely abound with Diseases but is the very Spring and Continent of most Muliebral Affections for when that suffers the whole Body is ill-affected when that is recreated the whole Body recruits And hence Medicks have prescribed many Medicaments for its solace as Priapiscota Fomentations little Baths Liniments Unguents and Salves wherein suaveolent and aromatical Ingredients are admitted with whose fragrancy whether interiously immitted or exteriously adhibited it is much delighted though not under species of odour as we have noted in our Institutions It s most usual Topical Medicament is this Emplaister thence denominated for whose confection you must take wax and Ladanum cut into pieces and melt and agitate them with Oyl when they are thus melted remove them from the fire and while they are hot put Turpentine and Storax to them when these are thus untied and refrigerated mix the rest of the powders with them alwayes agitating and subacting them till they acquire due spissitude Praepositus addes neither Fat nor Oyl but it cannot be well made without the one of these we have therefore adjoyned Moschatelline Oyl as most convenient for the scope and part VVe may hence gather how inept a VVriter Praepositus was who speaks so barbarously and how imperite a Pharmacopoean who knows not the legitimate Composition nor the manner of due preparation nor the idoneous consistence of Medicaments I admire that this later Age will tolerate the Name of so foolish an Author and precipitantly evolve his leaves and not expunge each line for folly But this by the way I will not carp at the dead Though such dead men bite those that receive their perillous Medicaments But to my purpose Some think that the Oyl of Jeat or some such foetid stuff should be adjected hereto that it may better agree to the strangulation of the Uterus but such ratiocination smells of no skill for no imposition of foetid Medicaments to the region of the Uterus can hinder its suffocation But such must be adhibited to the Nostrils if they be taken for benefit And though we should grant that some graveolents might profit the Uterus yet they should not surely be mixed with Musk Citrian Santal and such aromatical Materials Here note That by Antera we understand the inferiour part of Roses accompanied with capillaments and grains not Anthera that is florid which was an ancient Medicament described for the vices of the mouth but now obsolete CHAP. 17. Emplastrum Herniam or A Plaister against Rupture D. N. Praep. ℞ Ship-pitch Aloes of each ℥ iij. Lithargie white Wax clarified Rosine Galbanum Ammoniacum of each ℥ ij Missletoe of the Oak ℥ vj. long and round Birthwort * * * A species of Talkum Gypsum of each ℥ iiij Myrrhe Frankincense of each ℥ vj. Turpentine ℥ ij ⸪ Ysculorum Earth-worms Galls the greater and lesser Comfrey Bole-armeniack of each ℥ iiij Mans Blood lb j. Oyl of Mastick and Quinces of each lb ss of the Broth of the skin of a Ram as much as will suffice to body it into a Plaister The COMMENTARY It is easie to know those Medicaments which Praepositus transcribed from those he described and invented for those he invented are either defective or excessive or peccant in the dosis of the Simples or in the manner of their preparation or else ineptly described as this very Emplaister which if made after the Authors minde would in consistence resemble a hard Paste no Salve for it would be presently dry hard and pulverable therefore I thought good to adde some Oyls with other Simples accommodated to the scope and convenient for the colligation of the Powders That you may duly confect it cut the skin of a young Ram newly detracted into pieces and coct it and the wooll on it twelve hours or a whole day if need be that it may dissolve then express the decoction and abject the wooll in one pound of the colature coct the berries of the Missletoe of the Oak or of some other tree of like quantity till their aqueous humidity be absumed then strain them in the mean while wash Earth-worms in wine cocting them till they be dissolved and then strain them mix Oyl with the colature and set it again on the fire till its watry humour be discussed then mix the two colatures together and therein melt the Wax Colophony and Pitch exactly agitating them that they burn not mix Galbanum and Ammoniack which must first be dissolved strained and cocted to a melleous spissitude with the liquor almost consumed by cocture substract all from the fire and put Turpentine to them and then adde the powders artificially levigated and all these duly prepared mixed united and subacted will be an Emplaister of a legitimate consistence In defect of the berries of the Missletoe of the Oak Joubertus substitutes a Succedanium adding many more astrictives that the Salve may be more agglutinative Arnaldus foolishly postulates the blood of a red Man as though the blood of another sound and sanguineous Man were not better but Swines blood is all out as convenient Praepositus requires red wax that is new wax which is so flave that it seems subrubeous but white wax is more accommodate He would also have the Marble whereon the mass is injected madefied with Oyl of Violets we chuse the Oyl of Mastick for that purpose It most efficaciously constringes and roborates lax parts cohibits fluxions it coarctates the dilatation of the Peritonaeum through which the Intestines delabe whence it cures bursting and is by some Pharmacopolists called the Emplaister for bursting and by others The Emplaister of the Rams-skin CHAP. 18. Emplastrum Catagmaticum or A Plaister for Fracturated Bones ℞ the root of the greater Comfrey Marshmallow-root Missletoe of each ℥ ij Plantain Ground-pine S. Johns-wort of each m.j. Boyl them in equal parts of black Wine and bean-Bean-water till half he consumed to the colature adde of the Musilidge of Quince-seeds extracted in the decoction of Tripes Oyl of Mastick and Roses of each ℥ iiij Virgins Wax lb j. Lithargie of Gold ℥ ij Turpentine ℥ iij. Pomegranate-flowers Roses Myrtles Acacia of each ℥ ss Mumy Grains of Tutsan clarified Rosine Mastick Amber of eachʒ vj. Ship-Pitch ℥ j. ss Bole-armeniack Volatile flour Frankincense of each ℥ j. ss Dragons-blood ℥ ij Make them into a Plaister according to Art The COMMENTARY As the parts of the Body are dissimilar in form temper and actions so must their Medicaments whereby each part is conserved or cured be dissimilar for the Eyes call for one the Lungs another the Uterus another and the Bones another yea the same part oft requires divers Medicaments according to the diversity of the affection wherewith it is pestered For those Medicaments that conduce to the rottenness and wormeatenness of the Bones are not used in their Fractures for the curing whereof most Chirurgeons perperously adhibit onely
astrictives some exhibiting onely Oxycroceum others Emplastrum de pelle Arietina or Contra Rupturam others The vulgar Ceroneum whence perhaps the Nomenclature of that Emplaister is decocted which is so much celebrated at Paris which they give indiscriminately to all that crave help and adhibit promiscuously to all diseases and parts And hence many by the occlusion of their passages and retention of their excrementitious humours are loaden with dolours infested with the Itch or beset with Ulcers Apothecaries therefore should have peculiar skull-Plaisters which may not be onely astrictive and roborative but withall conservative accelerating generation and increase as this we now exhibit whose preparation we shall a little open for Apprentices sakes First then the roots must be cleansed and cut into pieces the herbs cut small and cocted in an equal portion of black wine and steel-steel-water till half thereof be dissipated the succes must be injected into the strained liquor and boyled there till the aqueous humidity be exhaled then must the Oyls be commixed afterwards the Wax and then the Lithargie when they are taken off the fire percolated and united by agitation the Turpentine must be added and then the Powders and all must be well mixed agitated and subacted that they may make up an Emplaister of a due consistence If Tutsan cannot be had the seed or summities of S. Johns-wort may be substituted in its stead By Virgins-wax we mean that which is flave citrian and newly segregated from the Honey which is more apt and useful in roborating the Nerves This Salve hath an excellent faculty in curing the fractures of Bones for it helps and accelerates their coalition when they are coagulated increases their brawniness foments the innate calour of the part and stayes the fluxions of humours I could wish all Chirurgeons to make this Emplaister and not to suffer some ignorant fellows so freely who with one Ceroneum as they call it unduly prepared it is probable promise the cure of all Sores CHAP. 19. Emplastrum Vigonium de Ranis or Vigo 's Salve of Frogs â„ž Oyl of Camomile Dill Spike and of Lillies of each â„¥ ij Oyl of BayesÊ’ j. Oyl of Saffron â„¥ j. Calves fat lb ss EuphorbiumÊ’ v. FrankincenseÊ’ x. Vipers fat â„¥ ij ss Living Frogs num vj. Worms washed in Wine â„¥ iiij ss the Juyces of the roots of Dwarf-elder and Enula-campane of each â„¥ ij Squinant Stotchas Motherwort of each m.j. odoriferous Wine lb ij boyl them to the consumption of the Wine and to the Colature adde Lithargie lb j. clear Turpentine â„¥ ij White or yellow Wax as much as will suffice Liquid Storax â„¥ j. ss after it is removed from the fire adde â„¥ iiij of Quicksilver killed with fasting spittle stirring it with a Spatula The COMMENTARY As India by the institution of Nature first produced both the Venereous Pox and its Remedy so Italy which first infected Europe with this Disease refects the same with the best Medicament for Joannes de Vigo an Italian consulting his own it may be and Countreys good composed this Emplaister of eximious vertue for the cure of the Italian which they ineptly call the French disease whose description is good though the manner of preparation which he prescribes be ill enough for he would have all confusedly cocted together till he come at Lithargie But Neotericks do thus better instruct First wash the Earth-worms in wine and coct them and living great Water-frogs together in the Fat 's of a Swine and a Calf and wine till the third part of the wine be absumed then adde Motherwort Stoechados and Schoenantum and then boyl them again till the wine be exhaled and then adde the succes and Oyls and a little after the Fat of a Viper or for want thereof of a Snake then coct them till the aqueous humour be absumed and afterwards express them strongly in the Colature coct the Lithargie duly levigated agitating and stirring it into the form of an Unguent then adde the wax and melt it then take it off the fire and conject brayed Frankincense and Euphorbium into it afterwards Turpentine and Storax when you have duly mixed agitated united and refrigerated these traject the Quicksilver through a dense cloth after its extinction by jejune spittle and mix it with the rest which subact and reduce into the idoneous form of an Emplaister whereof form Rolls for use This is the best form for the composition of this Emplaister which the most Apothecaries follow some whereof duplicate others triplicate the quantity of Quicksilver that the Medicament may be more efficacious in expugning the Indian Pox. Some like not its extinction by jejune spittle but had rather have it done with a little Turpentine or Hogs-grease and it may indeed be very well extinguished by any of these wayes but I had rather have it done with Sage for the Quicksilver so castigated will not hurt the Nerves Some desire to know what Oyl they must take of the many varieties of them of Spike I answer That Vigo means that Oyl which is educed by distillation from the greater latifolious Lavandula and not the other that is educed by infusion out of the Indian Spike which the same Author and Mesue alwayes call Oyl of Spikenard calling the other Oyl of Spike simply Neither do all consent about Frogs for some say Water-frogs others Wood-frogs and others Palustrian-frogs I alwayes prefer the Water-frogs before the other which are often venenate but any in defect thereof may well enough supply the place and any one may at liberty chuse these or the other seeing they all agree equally almost to this external Medicament The faculties of this Medicament which some make in form of a Ceratum or an Unguent are well known not onely to Medicks and Chirurgeons but all such as have been harmed by Venery CHAP. 20. Tela Galteri commonly called Saradrap â„ž Oyl of Roses lb ss Rams fat â„¥ iiij Wax â„¥ x. Lithargie Rosine of the Pine-tree Frankincense Mastick of each â„¥ ij Bole-armeniack Volatile flower of each â„¥ j. make it into an Emplaister according to Art and while it is hot immerge a cloth that it may be salved The COMMENTARY To the number of Emplaisters they referre a certain cloth Emplastical on both sides which Neotericks call Sparadrappa whereof there are as many sorts as a Cloth may be infected with Salves for some are vulnerary others catagmatical the one used in agglutinating wounds the other bones but no diseases call for Sparadraps so frequently as inveterate Ulcers and holes left by Pyroticks whereunto this we have described is most useful For whose confection first melt the fat and wax with Oyl mix the brayed Lithargie with the liquament wherein agitate stir and coct it afterwards adde the other Powders alwayes stirring mixing and uniting them into a legitimate Emplaister wherein a cloth somewhat worn must be demerged and incalcated while it is hot till it be all over infected inquinated and incrustated which then extract
expose to the air that it may dry and repose for use This Cloth is partly Sarcotical partly Collective and Epulotical that is it generates flesh agglutinates siccates and heals wounds and Ulcers it stayes fluxions and roborates the parts whereunto it is adhibited He that would have more descriptions of Sparadrappes may reade the last Chapter of the second Section of our fifth Book of Institutions There may as many Sparadrappes be made by Art as Emplaisters We have omitted some few Salves as such as we could either not approve of or disallow of or else such as were more then supplyed in those we have described For the use of the Salves of Barbary and Diaphoenician is quite decayed the Apostolical Salve is seldome made and he that hath the Divinum may well be without it as he that hath Oxycroecum without Ceroneum We have given the best and most useful not onely of Salves but also of other Medicaments for internal assumption and external adhibition All which if an Apothecary will make and keep in his Shop he shall not want any thing for the expugnation of Diseases Finis Libri Sexti AN APPENDIX Of some Medicinal Waters made by Art BEsides simple distilled Waters some others are kept in Pharmacopolies more compositious whose use is commendable in many things and that not onely in external adhibitions but internal assumptions also to correct distempers roborate the parts and erect the faculties Of which sort these are the most usual and eximious which lest any thing necessary should be wanting we have here subjoyned beginning with such as are introsumed Aqua Theriacalis or A Theriacal Water ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Tormentil Angelica Masterwort of each ℥ j. Cypress Orris of eachʒ vj. Setwel the Pills of Citron and Orange Cinamon Cloves the seeds of Carduus Ivy-berries and Juniper of each ℥ ss Dittany Scordium Balm Marigolds of each m. ss Macerate them a whole day upon hot embers in a vessel well covered with lb vj. of white-white-wine the next day adde of the decoction of Goats-beard Betony and Water-lillies lb ij afterwards boyl them a little upon a gentle fire In which dissolve Treacle ℥ iiij afterwards put them into an Alembick and distil it in a Bath There is no Theriacal and Alexiterial Water better Vires or more efficacious then this for it doth not onely recreate the faculties but oppugn and extinguish all pestilent and venenate qualities It cures the Syncope Palpitation Swounding Vertigo Lethargie Epilepsie Apoplexy and Palsey Aqua Theriacalis alia or Another Theriacal Water more easie to make ℞ of the roots of Enula-campane Angelica of each ℥ iiij Carduus-seed Cloves Juniper-berries of each ℥ j. Scordium Vipers Bugloss Goatheard Marjoram Balm Betony of each m.j. boyl them in water to lb iiij in which infuse for a whole day and half Mithridate and Treacle of each ℥ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the water according to Art Its faculties are affine to but more imbecile then those of the former not onely Pharmacopolists but also any one may make it for it consists but of a few things and they easily compassable Aqua Cinamomi or Cinamon-Water ℞ of the best Cinamon bruised lb ss of the best Rose-water and generous white-white-wine of each lb j. mingle them letting them stand in a fit vessel for two dayes well covered afterwards distilled off according to Art and let the Water be preserved All do not consent about the proportion of Cinamon to Wine and rose-Rose-water for some put twice as much wine and four times as much rose-Rose-water as Cinamon others put water and wine in equal quantity wherein they macerate Cinamon and distil the whole which is the most usual and best way This water accelerates Birth expels Secunds moves fluors recreates the faculties and discusses flatulency Aqua vulgo Clareta dicitur or The Water commonly called A Claret ℞ of Mace Cloves Cinamon of each ℥ j. Galangal ℥ ss Cardamomes Squinant of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ ss infuse them in Aqua-vitae lb j. in a Bath for 24 hours the waters of Wormwood and Roses of each lb ss Sugar ℥ viij let them be trajected three or four times thorow Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret which keep in a fit Bottle It roborates the stomach helps coction discusses flatulency corrects the cold distemper of the nutritive parts restitutes the hearts strength and erects the faculties Claretc alia or Another Claret ℞ of the roots of both Pyonies Missletoe of each ℥ ij the wood of Bayes and Lentisk of each ℥ ss the flowers of Betony Sage and Rosemary of each p. ij macerate them a whole day in lb j. ss of white-white-wine and lb ss of balm-Balm-water and afterwards distilled and in the distilledwater macerate Cinamon ℥ j. Sugar-Candy ℥ v. which strain and keep This doth most admirably help for the cure of the Epilepsie Lethargie Palsey Apoplexy and other cold affections of the Brain and Nerves Clareta alia or Yet another Claret ℞ of the Waters of Balm and Coltsfoot Put the sugar in a bladder and hang the bladder in water and it will dissolve it of each lb ss infuse therein a whole night Enula-campane ℈ ij Orrisʒ j. Cinamon ℈ iiij make an expression and filtrate it adding dissolved or liquid Sugar-Candy ℥ iij. which after a little insolation put up It hath an excellent faculty in curing difficulty of breathing coughs from a cold cause and 〈…〉 for it incides attenuates cocts and moves spittle The ardent Syrupe is made of Sugar diluted in Aqua-vitae accended for after its conflagration the liquor that is left is oleous and of the spissitude of a Syrupe Clareta vulgaris or The vulgar Claret ℞ of the best Aqua-vitae lb ss of red Rose-water ℥ iiij Sugar ℥ iij. Cinamon ℥ j. traject them three or four times through Hippocrates his Sleeve and make thereof a Claret This Claret is most grateful recreating the heart and principal parts fomenting innate calour and discussing flatulency Aqua contra Calculum or A Water against the Stone ℞ of the roots of Smallage Restharrow Sea-holly Radish cut in slices of each ℥ ij Bean-cods ℥ iij. all the Saxifrages Sea-Rattlegrass Pimpinel Bishopweed tops of Marshmallows of each m. ij Winter-cherries Red Cicers the seed of Grumwel of each ℥ ij Citrons cut orbicularly num iij. macerate them a whole day in a sufficient quantity of white-white-wine afterwards distil it and put to the distilled water a little Oyl of Vitriol to make it more acid to the gust This water is eximious in breaking and expelling the Stone moving Urine and Fluors accelerating Birth attenuating viscid humours and removing obstructions two spoonfuls or thereabouts according to the age and strength of the assument should be taken in the morning fasting or long after meat Aqua ad Gonorrheam or A Water for the flux of Sperm ℞ of Bears-breech Garden-dock cut small tops of Marshmallows of each m.ij. the flowers of Water-Lillies m.i j.
Linseed Hawthornseed of each â„¥ j. ss the four greater cool seeds of each â„¥ j. macerated a whole day in Asses or Heifers Milk afterwards distilled in a Bath It leniates takes away acrimony purges the Reins Ureters and Seminaries from filth and emends their distempers Of Topical Waters or such as are externally adhibited Aqua Ophthalmica or A Water for the Eyes â„ž of the Juyces of Salendine Fennel Rue Smallage and Clary of of each lb ss Honey â„¥ iij. Goats-Gall â„¥ j. the Galls of Cocks and Capons of each â„¥ ss AleesÊ’ vj. Cloves Nutmegs Sarcocolla of eachÊ’ ij put them into an Alembick and distil of the Water according to Art This cures many ocular affections as hebetude dulness and debility of fight Aqua Communitatis or The Water of Community â„ž Eyebright m.ij. Salendine Vervine Betony Groundpine Dill tops of Clary * * * Redflowered Pimpinel Bishopsweed Avens of each m.j. Rosemary m. ss Long-Pepper Ê’ ij Macerate them in white-white-wine for a whole day and then distil of the Water It is called the Water of Community because it is common and should not be wanting in any house It cures imbecility of sight deterges the eyes from filth takes away spots or Pearls cures Ulcers hinders suffusion of blood augments the clarity of the eye and roborates it Aqua ad Epiphoram oculorum ruborem or A Water for the dropping and redness of the Eyes â„ž white-White-wine rose-Rose-water of each lb ss Tutty prepared â„¥ j. Powder of Mace â„¥ ss Let these be mingled in a Vial well stopped and insolated for three weeks It deleates the redness of the eyes exsiccates tears roborates the Tunicles and cures its Ulcers Aqua Calcis or Water of Lime THe Water wherein Chalk or Lime hath been often extinguished is thence called Aqua Calcis it is very eximious in curing many Cankerous and Dysepulotical Ulcers which seeing it may easily be made at any time needs no farther description Aqua Fortis AQua Fortis appertains rather to Goldsmiths then Apothecaries which they use in separating Silver from Gold and thence called The Separatory Water in French Eau de depart for it melts the Silver and moves not the Gold Now that same which they have once used and that hath admitted of a portion of water or is become ignave and of an azure colour is commonly called Aqua secunda which all Chirurgeons keep for the Praesidy of such as have got the Plague of Venery It is made of Vitriol and Saltpeter included and closely shut in a Morter or other fit vessel well bedawbed into which Spirits are forced by the fire Another sort is made of Auripigment Salnitre the flour of Brass and Rock-Alome which I leave to such as use it De Aquis Comptoriis seu Fucatoriis or Of Comptory or Ornatory Waters I Cannot think that pulchritude or deformity of Body conduce any thing to the probity or improbity of manners for many more deformed then Thersites have been famous and many more beautiful then Adonis infamous I have also known many deformed women impious to purpose But I purpose not to exhibit Paints to these nor Comptory Waters to toothless old Hags to erugate or emend their Faces herein following the prudence of Galen though a Pagan who disallows of not onely the Painting of Faces but the Tinctures of Hair professing that he never exhibited any thing of that nature to such as took more delight in Ornaments then Health Our Antidotary then shall want these nefarious Medicaments wherewith Harlots incite and deceive Youngsters for this Fucatory Art we see is exercised by none but some Juglers and vafrous Knaves who seeking secretly to pick a Whores Purse promise her Oyl of Talkum which they never saw wherewith she may not onely erugate her Face but restore her self to Youth again and then exhibit two Unguents the one Red and the other White both Spanish and participating of a malign quality For that which they call album Hispanum admits Sublimatum in its confecture which though it consists of equal parts of Quicksilver Vitriol and common Salt rather then of Amoniack which are not lethal apart in themselves but are duly mixed in a Glass sublimatory vessel whereunto fire is added gradually for the space of twelve hours They make a Powder so caustical and deletery as can scarce be cicurated by any art And hence it is that women who use these Sublimata's have black Teeth wormeaten corrugated Faces and praevious old Age. The Colour therefore which Nature's Pencil draws is best whose Works whilest we admire let us give Eternal Glory and Praise to the Creator FINIS A Table of the Matters and Words of principal note in this Work contained A. ACacia pag. 77 The kindes thereof Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Achates what pag. 419 Acetabulum pag. 137 Acetum Mulsum pag. 325 Acopa pag. 123 Acorus pag. 273 How it differs from Calamus Aromaticus Ibid. Acutella pag. 302 Adrobolon pag. 388 Aeluropus pag. â—â—â— Aetites pag. â—â—â— It s vertues Ibid. Aethiopidis Herba its force and vertue pag. 7 Aeschylus would never per Verses till toxicated with Wine pag. 219 Agallochum what it is pag. 286 Why so rare Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Ageratum pag. 357 Agat pag. 419 Agnus Castus its description pag. 340 Its vertues Ibid. Agarick pag. 258 Which is best Ibid. Where it grows pag. 259 Its vertues Ibid. Agrimony pag. 356 Its vertues Ibid. Agripalma pag. 372 Ajuga pag. 326 Aizoon pag. 351 Alabaster pag. 421 Alana pag. 398 Alcea pag. 230 Alembeck pag. 89 487 Its manifold acceptation pag. 113 487 A crooked one Ibid. A blinde one Ibid. Aliment what it is pag. 6 An inexplicable Faculty therein pag. 13 Medicinal Aliment Ibid. Alioticks pag. 28 Almonds pag. 387 Their vertues Ibid. Plutarch 's story of them Ibid. How they are to be blanched pag. 55 Alcanna pag. 452 Alcool pag. 107 Aloes its description pag. 256 Cabalina Ibid. Succotrina Ibid. Where most of it growes Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. It s faculty pag. 10 How to know the best pag. 256 How to wash and nourish it pag. 58 It shuts the veins pag. 256 Aloes-wood its description and how to know it pag. 286 Its vertues Ibid. Alome what it is pag. 401 The several sorts of it Ibid. Catinum pag. 401 402 Foecum pag. 401 402 Liquid pag. 401 402 Pulmbeous pag. 401 402 Round pag. 401 402 Rock pag. 401 402 Scissile pag. 401 402 Synamose pag. 401 402 The way to burn it pag. 68 Alphenicum pag. 615 Alterative Medicaments are of three sorts pag. 10 Their kindes Ibid. Altercum pag. 349 Amber what it is pag. 406 How to know the best Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Amber-Grise what it is pag. 405 How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Its vertues pag. 405 Liquid Amber what it is pag. 673 Its vertues Ibid. How it may be adulterated pag. 158 Amethystus pag. 419 Amigdalates how made pag. 163 A description of such as are commonly used at Lutetia Ibid. Amomum what it
Waters after Distillation are to be insolated pag. 90 A Water of the extinction of Gold pag. 70 A Water for a Gonorrhaea pag. 735 A Water of Community pag. 736 A Water for the redness of the eyes Ibid. A Water against the Stone pag. 735 Alome-Water pag. 77 198 Cinamon-Water pag. 734 Cephalical Waters how many they are pag. 151 Cordial Waters what they be pag. 150 Claret-Water pag. 734 Treacle-Water pag. 733 Water-flag pag. 273 Water-lilies pag. 249 The juyce thereof what vertue it hath pag. 7 Wax which is best pag. 393 Virgins Wax Ibid. It s washing and making white Ibid. Weights their several denominations pag. 134 Their Arabian names pag. 135 What things are diligently to be weighed pag. 142 143 Widow-wail pag. 267 Willow white pag. 340 Windeflower pag. 309 Wine who first mixed water with it pag. 220 Wine its utility with the differences thereof pag. 219 220 It excites the spirits Ibid. Wine of Herbs pag. 77 Hippocrates Wine pag. 56 Winter-Cherries pag. 349 An extreme cold Winter pag. 145 Woodbind pag. 338 Wolfs liver how it is to be prepared pag. 54 How to be washed Ibid. Wolfs intestines their preparation Ibid. Wolfs grease how made pag. 453 Words their force according to the Hebrews pag. 21 Worms generated of salt and snow pag. 469 Silk-worms what kinde of animals they are pag. 471 Earth-worms their vertue pag. 469 Wormwood its species and vertues pag. 316 Roman Wormwood Ibid. X. XAntonian pag. 316 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 377 Xylobalsamum pag. 282 Xylocolla pag. 452 Xylon pag. 362 Y. YArrow pag. 368 Z. ZAdar pag. 272 Zadura Ibid. Zamarat pag. 412 Zapeticon pag. 451 Zea. pag. 366 Zedoaria pag. 271 Zeduar pag. 272 Zeopyrum pag. 366 Zerumbet pag. 271 How it differs from Ginger Ibid. Its vertues Ibid. Zinzipha pag. 381 Zizipha Ibid. Zopissa pag. 378 FINIS A PHYSICAL DICTIONARY OR An Interpretation of such crabbed Words and Terms of Art as are derived from the Greek or Latin and used in Physick Anatomy Chirurgery and Chymistry With a Definition of most Diseases incident to the Body of Man And a Description of the Marks and Characters used by Doctors in their Receipts Published for the more perfect understanding OF M R. TOMLINSON'S Translation of Rhaenodaeus Dispensatory And whatever other Books of Physick and Surgery are extant in the English tongue This Dictionary will be as useful and sufficient to all our late English Practitioners in Physick or Chirurgery especially such as are not Scholars as any Dictionary of Ten Shillings price Approved by several Doctors Surgeons and Apothecaries and Recommended by them in an Epistle to all English Practitioners in Physick and Chirurgerie LONDON Printed by G. Dawson for John Garfield and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Rolling Press for Pictures near the Royal Exchange in Cornhil over against Popes-head-alley 1657. To all English PRACTITIONERS IN PHYSICK ANATOMY CHIRURGERY And CHYMISTRY HOw great the necessity is of having a PHYSICALL DICTIONARY for Explaining hard Words and terms of Art in the Medicinal Sciences of Physick Chyrurgery and Chymistry such as are vers'd in the understanding thâ—se most useful mysterious and noble Arts dâ— very will know It is intended for such Persons as spend their time and employment in studying Physick and are acquainted with no other than their Mother tongue yet many times more readily Cure a Disease by their observant diligent and strict keeping to an approved Medicine than many others that trust wholly to their Art Therefore for the help of charitable and honest-meaning People this Dictionary was Compiled which hath in is as much as is necessary for understanding hard Words in the forementioned Arts being freed from that troublesome and superfluous Number of unnecessary Words which serve for nothing but to swell up the Bulk and Price of Books And thus much we have thought fit English Reader to say unto thee in Commendation of this best of Physical Dictionaries George Starky Doctor of Physick George Thornley Doctor of Physick Thomas Herbert Student in Physick and Astrologie John Rowland Doctor of Physick John Hawkins Chirurgion John Roane Chirurgion John Beach Student in Physick and Surgery Philip Frith Student in Physick and Astrology Ralph Woodall Chirurgion John Bryan Student in Physick Anthony Rowe Chirurgion John North Apothecary John Straw Practitioner in Physick John Harvy Apothecary THE STATIONER TO HIS COVNTRY-MEN Kind Country-men THe Explaining the Art of Physick having found so welcome Entertainment I hope for the like friendly Acceptance amongst you having preserved this Dictionary for your Good which others would have depriv'd you of wherein such difficult Terms as are deriv'd from the Greek or Latin and dark to the English Reader are made English and such Marks and Characters as are used by Physitians and Apothecaries in their Receipts explained and for your ease and better understanding put down the signification of their Weights and Measures according to their Characters with a definition of most Diseases incident to the Body of man And whereas there are many Words in Mr. Tomlinson's Translation of Rhaenodaeus Dispensatory not understood by any ordinary Scholars much less such as are not I have caused them to be Explained by Able Persons well Acquainted with the Practice of Physick so that the meanest Capacity by making use thereof may rightly understand whatever Difficult Expressions he shall meet withal in the said Dispensatory Your Friend and Servant JOHN GARFIELD THE EXPLANATION OF VVeights Measures A Handful is written thus M. 1. Half an Handful thus M. ss A little small Handful thus P. 1. A Scruple thus ℈ 1. Half a Scruple 10 Gra. or thus ℈ ss A Drachm thus Ê’ 1. An Ounce thus â„¥ 1. Half an Ounce or half a Drachm thus â„¥ ss Ê’ ss A Grain thus Gri. 1. A Drop thus Gut 1. The Number of any thing thus Numb 1. c. Half of any thing thus ss A Pound or Pint thus lb. 1. Twenty Grains make a Scruple Three Scruples make a Drachm Eight Drachms make an Ounce Twelve Ounces a Physical Pound Ana is of either of them so much P.x. is aequal parts or parts alike S. a. secundum antous according to art Q. â— so much as is sufficient Viz. that is to say â„ž recipe take A Physical Dictionary A ABdomen the Belly or Paunch Abeston a stone found in Arabia of the colour of Iron which being once set on fire can hardly be quenched Ablegate remove turn out send forth or out of the way Ablution washing Abortion miscarrying in Women when the Child is born so long before the time that it 's in no capacity to live Abscescus an Imposthume or Botch Abscinded cut off Absinthites Wormwood-Wine Abstergent clensing forth scowring away filth Abstersive clensing or wiping away Absumed taken away Acatia a little Thorn growing in Egypt out of the leaves and fruit whereof they draw a juyce or black liquor which being dried is called Acatia and is very astrictive or
made of Apples Pomatum a drink made of Apples Ponderous weighty Pontian Wormwood see Wormwood Poplitis vena the vein of a mans ham behind the leg Populaeon an oyntment in the shops made of poplar Pores the skin is full of small unperceivable little holes whereby sweat and vapors exhale from the body Poros that matter which consolidateth the broken bones within Posca a kind of small houshold Wine mixed with Water in the press Potent powerful Potential that is any thing in quality hot or cold or burning opposed to actual as a red hot iron is actually burning Potible that which may be drunk Precided cut off Praecipitation is when bodies dissolved in Aqua fortis into Water and Mercury cast upon them and beaten into ashes they are made perfect medicines Praecipitated thrown headlong Praeforations stoppings Praeparation of humors is to make them fit for expulsion and consists in separating them from the mâ—ss of good bloud or in thickening them if they are too thin or in thinning them if too thick Praeposterous out of season unhandsome unseemly disorderly Praepetent strong effectual potent above or before others Praesidies auxiliary forces helps by the by Praesidy help comfort c. Pregnant big with child Prepuce the fore-skin of a mans yard which the Jewes used to cut off in Circumcision Praestigiators cozeners cheaters Preternatural contrary or besides the course of nature Privation God knows what it is there is no such thing in nature Probable likely to come to pass Procatarctick Causes the primary first working or moving Causes as in a Fever the next immediate moving Cause is putrefied Choller c. but the first working and occasional Cause was the patients taking cold or by swimming in cold water whereby the pores became shut and so the matter of the Disease inflamed by being pent up in the body Procerity height Procidentia Ani the falling down of the fundament which is very frequent in children Procidious ready to fall out Profligation the overthrowing driving away or bringing any thing to destruction Profluvio sanguinis ex naribus flux of bloud at the nose Profound deep subtilly learned Prognosis the fore-knowledge of a disease Prognosticks of diseases signs foretelling what will be the event of any particular disease or if the patient shall recover or not Projects cast forth Propomates all kind of drinks made with sugar and hony Prostates the kernels which keep the seed after the stones have flnish'd it Propriety a pain by propriety is when the cause of the pain is in the part pained as when the head-ach comes from the humors in the head it 's called a pain by propriety when it proceeds of vapors sent up from the stomach or any other part it 's called head-ach by consent or sympathy Protopium Wine new pressed out of the grape Protraction is the lengthening out of the disease and making it last long as most of those you call Doctors are wont to do to get the more fees from their patients purses Protrusion casting out Pryapismus an unnatural standing of the yard without any desire to generation Pseudo-medick a false physitian or counterfeit Empirick Psilothers medicines to take off hair from any part of the body Psora Plinit sera scabies a certain kind of scurvy itch so called Pterygium or Haw in the eyes called Unguis is a hard nervous little membrane which coms out of the great corner of the eye covers the white and after by continuance the black and covering the pupilla hindereth the sight Pthiriasis morbus pedicularis the louzy disease Ptisan a Decoction of Barly Pubes the hairy hillock above the privities in men and women the word signifies ripeness because that hair being grown out shews the party to be fit for Generation Pugil as much in quantity as may be taken up between the three fore fingers and the thumb Pulsation beating of the arteries in any part of the body Pulse beans pease vetches c. Pulverization bringing to pouder Pupil of the eye is the round black spot in the middle which we commonly call the sight or apple of the eye pulchritude beauty Pulverable hard things as oyster-shells brought to pouder Purgation is the clensing of impure liquor having a thick sediment and froth by Decoction Putrefaction dissolving or opening of mixed mineral bodies by a natural warmth and moist putrefaction viz. by horse dung and Balneum Mariae Putretude filthiness Purilence the dissolution of any thing into a thick slimy substance Pyramis a geometrical figure broad at bottom and growing less and less towards the top till it end in a point the Sepulchers of the Egyptian Kings were of this form and therefore called pyramides Pyroticks Causticks burning medicines as the name imports Q Quartation is the separation of gold and silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinque-angular five corner'd Quinta Essentia is an absolute pure and well digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Quittour matter Quotidiana a daily Ague commonly call'd a Quotidian Ague R Radical moisture the fundamental juyce of the body whereby the natural heat is nourished and preserveed as the flame in a Lamp is preserved by oyle Ramex varicosus a Rupture of swollen bones Ranula a swelling under the tongue in that part whereby it is bound to the ligament it is oftentimes so large that it is seen above the lower teeth Rarefaction making thin Rasion rasping shreding or fileing Recenseate reckon up Recency newness Recipient part is that part which receives the offending humor Recruted repaired restored made up it 's a term in the Art Military Rectification when the distilled liquor is oftentimes distill'd over again Redacted brought constrained reduced Reduced brought back again Reduction the restauration of any thing that hath suffered a change or alteration to its former condition Reduplicated often doubled or repeated Refaricated stuffed quilted Referted replenished well furnished Reflux flowing back again Reficiates amends comforts Refocilate refresh revive Refractions the breaking of the representations in visible objects it 's a term in Opticks Refragates contradicts gainsayes Refrigeration cooling Refrigeratory is in general any plate or vessel used for cooling particularly it is taken for a vessel like a pail placed about the head of an Alembeck of Copper or Pewter and is used to be filled with cold Water that so the Still-head may not grow hot but that the Spirits which in distillation ascend up may the more easily be made thick and turned back into the Receiver which otherwise would be dispersed and consumed Relax is used sometimes to signifie the loosening of the belly Relaxing flakening unbinding Remitted lessened abated eased pardoned Renovation a renewing Repelled driven away Repercussives medicines which are applied to drive back the humors from a diseased part Repletion too great an abundance or fulness of bloud and humors Reposed laid up to lie a great while Represses restrains Reptant creeping Repullulate bud or spring again Repurgation the purging of
turn round so that the patient is neither able to stand nor go but falls down except he lay hold on something to stay himself upon Verrucales-Hemorrhoides the Piles or Hemorrhoides Vesicae biliariae the receptacle of pure choler Vesicatories things applied to the skin to draw blisters Vicissitude changes turnings or a perpetual succession of changes Vimineous any thing made of wicker rods like a Basket Vinum dilutum Wine mixt with water Viscid Phlegm clammy tough phlegm roping like birdlime Viscous clammy roping tough like bird-lime Visive-Nerve the nerve that is the instrument of the visive faculty or of seeing whereby the objects of sight are carried into the brain to the imagination and judgment Visor or visive spirits the spirits which are the principal instruments of sight Vital Faculty the faculty of life whereof the heart is the principal seat of residence this is the cause of life pulse and breathing Vitiligo a foulness of the skin with spots of divers colours Morphew Vitrification is the violent calcination of any Calx or Ashes till it melt into Glass Vitriol Copperas Vitrous humor a moisture like to molten Glass or Chrystal which is a part of the eye you may see it if you dissect the eye of a Calf or Sheep Vitrum Glass it 's used to signifie Glass distilling vessels or any other vessels made of Glass Ulcerated a sore turned to an ulcer a part that hath Ulcers in it Ulcus an ulcer Umbilical Vessels the Navel and the parts thereto belonging which is called Umbilieus from it's Convolutions or foldings one within another Urbane pleasant Urine both of men and children is used in Alchymy as also in Physick and Chirurgery frequently both externally and internally Unctious oyly fatty Uncultivated untill'd Universal Evacuation a general purging of the whole body all at once Voluntary faculty that power of the body which serves the Will in disposing the whole man to any action as going running speaking or whatever is voluntary and obedient to the command of our Wills and may be acted or forborn at pleasure Whereas the powers of beating in the pulse of digestion in the stomach or liver of motion in the heart are not within our own power and therefore are termed involuntary Vovulus Iliaca passio a pain in the guts or the cholick in the uppermost gut Vomitories medicines to procure vomiting Urachos the vessel which conveyes the Urine from the Child in the Womb to the Allontois Ureters certain long and very slender pipes or passages which convey the urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder Ureting pissing Urethra a common passage of the yard both for seed and urine Ustion burning or scorching of any thing whereby it may the easier be reduced to pouder Usurped used Vulva a Womans privie member Uvula the palat of the mouth Uteri Phymosis straitness of the Womb insomuch that it will not admit of seed but if it do it brings death to the Woman sometimes the yard of a Man is troubled with this Phymosis upon the foreskin Uvea Tunica a Coat of the Eye resembling the skin of a Grape whence it hath its name Vulneral Medicines belonging to Wounds viz. Plaisters Salves c. And inward Potions Diet-Drinks c. W Warmth heat Watry Humor A certain Humor resembling fair Water in the Composition of the Eye Watergate a Womans privie member Whites in Women is a flux of filthy corrupt stuff from their privities Womb-fury a lustful desire Womb-Imperforated such as Virgins have like a barrel of beer unboared till it have a spigot put in it Z Zanie a foolish imitator to a Tumbler the familiar of a Witch Zachariae flos the blue-bottle Zacutus Lusitanus a Jew that practizing Physick at Amsterdam became very famous in his Art there are many Pieces of his in Print he was of the Gallenical way not unlearned Zarsa parilla the Root of rough Bindweed brought us from Spain and Pern where it had this name given it Zedoary a certain Root brought to us from beyond Sea sold at the Druggists Zenith that part of the Heavens which is direct over our heads Zyrbus Barbarorum the caul or suet wherein the bowels are wrapt Books printed and sold by Iohn Garfield at the Rolling-Press for Pictures near the Royal Exchange in Cornhil Viz. RHaenodaeus Medicinal Dispensatory containing the whole Body of Physick discovering the Natures Properties and Virtues of the Plants Minerals and Animals the manner of Compounding Medicines with the way how to administer them Methodically digested into Five Books of Philosophical and Pharmacentical Institutes Three Books of Physical Materials both Galenical and Chymical with a perfect Apothecaries shop and a Physical Dictionary adjoyned with the said Dispensatory explaining all the hard Words and Terms of Art in the said Dispensatory Ochinus his Dialogues of Polygamy and Divorce wherein all the Texts of Holy Scripture and Arguments from Reason and the Laws and Customs of Nations that have been or can be brought for or against Polygamy are urged and answered interchangably by two persons Daphnis and Chloe a most sweet amorous and pleasant Pastoral Romance for young Ladies Translated out of Greek by George Thornly Gentleman FINIS
are extrinsecally applyed and first CHAP. I. Of Baths WHEN we mention a Bath we mean such an one as is made of sweet water whether pluvial or fluvial not such sordid Baths as they have in some places in Spain where they wash or rather inquinate themselves in urine long kept for that purpose nor yet those medicinal Baths wherewith many places of the Earth abound which because of several Minerals they pass through acquire several sapours and odours and eximious faculties in curing many affections For the Earth produces almost as many Springs of Medicinal Waters as diseases Gal. cap. 5. lib. 1. de sanitate tuenda wherewith Normandy and almost all France and Germany and Italy abound But we here speak of a Bath which being made of simple water or the decoction of some herb may be provided in any house Now Baths are instituted for three causes to wit for delight Balneorum usus triplex for preservation of sanity and depulsion of diseases The antient Romanes were great admirers of Baths for pleasure and therefore they made Baths for publick uses both for amplitude and artifice inimitable the structure being of Alexandrian and Numidian Marble Balneorum superha structura for the walls were adorned on one side with Thasian stones on the other with Pictures much recreating the sight their cocks were of silver which distilled warm or hotter water as they would into the vessel for they were so much taken with Lavacres that some of them especially their Emperours and Senatours Balnea Romani habebant in deliciit who had Baths apart would bathe themselves seven times a day And seeing Baths are very voluptuous as Ulpianus not without reason attests the Jews that lived at Tripolis and Damascus had Baths for pleasure wherein men and women bathed promiscuously before Antoninus the Philosophers time which they therefore called Gymnasies To preserve sanity 〈◊〉 mâ—gna militas such as have a hot liver or squalid skin are much helped by frequent bathings in warm water as Oribasius cap. 27. lib. 1. asserts To depell diseases Baths are very usefull for Galen cap. 10. lib. 10. meth med c. 20. lib. 12. commends them in the Hectick Diarian and sometimes in the putrid feaver with due observation Hippocrates also before Galens time attested in many places that Baths conduce to the cure of many diseases part 44. lib. 3. de vict acutor for they open the pores discuss the humours abate the heat of the bowels take away lassitude dilute the terrene and melancholical humour or at least temper and moderate it Make a Bath of milk alone or a very small quantity of water and milk for such as are rich and labour under a Hectick Feaver for such as are not rich let water suffice and that fluvial or pluvial rather than fountain water wherein for more success coct some parts or else integral plants as Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Vine leaves and Colesfoot of each m. iiij boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water for a Bath For the morphew or fedity of the skin after the emendation of the prave humours and diminution of blood by purge and phlebotomy let the body be immerged in the aforesaid Bath then let him be washed three four or more times if need be in this following Bath â„ž The leaves of Enulacampane Sorrel Scabious ana m. vj. Tatsane and Fumatory ana m. iij. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water to fill the Bath Some foolish Wretches believe that the Leprosy may be cured by a Bath of Mans bloodâ— but this horrible Prescript seems to be an invention of the Devil and not at all to be admitted for such a Disease whereby the whole Oeconomy of Nature is ruined can neither by external application nor internal assumption nor by both together be emended CHAP. II. Of a Semicupium or Insess AS a Bath is a Lavacre of the whole body except the head which partakes also of the vapours so an Insess of half the body for it is a Bath onely of the belly or a half Bath full of convenient liquor wherein the diseased may sit up to his ventricle his legs and feet be put out called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Insessus or Insessio and sometimes Semicupium It is constituted of the same Materials that make up a Bath and Fomentation and it is less than one greater than the other It is very usefull for it mollifies the Uterus reserates its vessels Semicupii usus asswages colical passions and other dolours caused in the reins by the stone in the ureters by obstructions or in other inferiour parts of the belly This Semicupium will by the emollition and deduction of the vessels asswage the dolour of the stone in the reins â„ž Beets Marsh-mallows Mallows Violets Pelitory tops of Dill anam iij. Linsed â„¥ ij boyl all these in rain water or fountain till their virtues be transmitted pro semicupio Some put the materials in some bag and apply them to the place most pained in the very insession The body that abounds with crude and viscid humours should be first purged by some convenient Medicament if time permit if not then with a Glyster Some make Insessions of the decoction of Tripes to cure the exsiccation hardness and tension of the belly and the colical dolours some adde milk to them others wine others oil That colical dolour which arises from much flatuosity distending and excruciating the belly may be cured with this Semicupium â„ž Polium of the mount Calamint Origanum tops of Dill Melilet Marjoran ana m. iij. the seeds of Cummin Anise Fennel Bay-berries ana â„¥ j. put them all in two bags and boyl them in water sufficient for a Semicupium wherein the diseased must be demerged with his face upward from the knees to the navel CHAP. III. Of a Vaporary AVaporary consists of the same things a Semicupium is made of though in less quantity for it is enough that a few herbs or such things be cocted in a Kettle and the vapour thereof traduced through a hole in a chair whereon the diseased sits to move the Uterus or Fundament for it is onely made to reserate the Uterus to evoke or stay Flowers to open or constringe the Hemorrhoides to asswage dolour and to alter some intemperancy To provoke Flowers lest the vapour should be disgregated and exhaled into the ambient air the perforated chair whereon the diseased woman sits should be accurately involved in many cloaths for so the ascendent vapour will be easily carried to the privities and permeating the orifice of the vessels will attenuate the blood and excite it to motion This Receipt is fit to move Flowers and Hemorrhoides â„ž Marsh-mallows Mugwort Calamint Hyssop Winter-savoury Marjoran ana m. j. Savin m. ij the flowers of Melilot Chamemile and Jasmine ana m. ss let the Decoction be made in water and in a fourth part of white wine and let the vapour be admitted as
above This Prescription is accommodate to stay both fluxes to wit of Flowers and Hemorthoides â„ž Shepherds purse Knot-grass Mouse-ear Plantain ana m. j. Roses m. ij Balaustians m. j. boyl them in Bean cod water let the vapour enter in at the genitals This will asswage and allay the dolour of the Hemorrhoides â„ž Mullein m. ij Marsh-mallows m. j. Linseed â„¥ ss boyl them in milk and whil'st they are hot put them in a stool-pan and sit upon it that the vapour may ingrede the fundament CHAP. IV. Of an Hypocaust or Sudatory AN Hypocaust is a place made like a little Fornace Hypocaustum quid wherein sweat is procured by dry heat ascending through like Spiracles from the fire set under it It is called by another name to wit Unde dicatur Laconicum Ejus usus Laconicum because the Laconians chiefly used it as the Romanes did baths It conduces much in frigid and diuturnal diseases for seeing its fervid and sharp heat doth not onely calefy the external habit of the body but the very praecordia and internals also it potently opens the passages calefies melts and by sweat educes the humours But seeing this external calour continually thus occurring and insinuating it self into the internals doth speedily project the humours it can scarce be tolerated one quarter of an hour without dissipation of the spirits and loss of strength whereupon swoundings often follow but the more delicate and such also whose bodyeâ— are loaden with impure excrements are chieâ—â—y in danger of this delinquency Quae ingressum bypocausti praecedere debent He therefore that consults his sanity should never enâ—â—â— these Sudatories till he have by purge and phlebotomy if need be exonerated his body for so the reliques of those humours that infest his body may be easily projected by sudour The Rusticks custome is irreproveable who being destitute of an Hypocaust extracted by due and artificial industry take a Hogshead of a just magnitude and calefy it either by a fire or by setting it over a pan full of burned coals or a vessel full of hot water and set therein sweating profusely and with case without any danger of swourding Some will sit in an oven where bread is but lately drawn out put their heads onely out at the mouth thereof and so sweat abundantly Chirurgions have invented a certain Aestuary of a vimineous texture like a Bird-cage wherein they excite such to sweat as are infested with the French disease which they properly call a Cage wherein the Birds do not nourish but are nourished These miserable Wretches are included herein with hot bricks and almost suffocated till they sweat abundantly in every part of their bodyes having before drunk of the Decoction of Lignum sanctum or Sarsaparilla or some other Alexitery which will both move sweat and deleate the French disease CHAP. V. Of Fomentations FOments are so commodious that no part of the body is averse to their sanative operations Aetius prescribes this Medicament to fore eyes Trallian initio lib. 6. to the ears to the flux of the belly yea he thinks them convenient to asswage any dolour Celsus cap. 12. lib. 3. admits of Foments in Feavers and thinks they should not be omitted but by all means applyed to pleuritical hepatical splenical and arthritical persons as also to the calculative or other parts affected where the ulcer hath not dissolved the continuity nor divided the integrity For Oribasius cap. 29. lib. 9. saith they rarify the skin for transpiration attenuate the blood discuss part thereof and so operate that the parts affected are not so dolorous Foments therefore are made for many purposes as thus to roborate the ventricle â„ž Wormwood both the Mints tops of Dill Roses of each m. ij A Foment roborating the stomack Penniroyal Marjorum of each m. j. Balaustians Cyperus nuts bruised of each â„¥ j. boyl them in water with a fourth part of wine added towards the end of the Coction and foment the ventricle with sponges dipped therein as hot as can be suffered Trallian prescribes many Foments to the splenetick affections which consist of such things as roborate it or as incide and digest the humours or as change and alter its intemperance This Foment after purgation doth remove obstructions and roborate it â„ž Cetrarch or Spleen-wort Roman Wormwood Staechados A Fotus for the spleen Tamaris of each m. ij Broom flowers Jasmine of each m. j. boyl them in water and wine for a good space and to every pint of the Decoction adde Oil of Capars â„¥ iij. with which foment the part affected either with sponges or bladders filled and applyed This Foment is very good to cure the Pleurisy â„ž For the Plenrisy Marsh-mallows Mâ—llows Violets of each m. ij the flowers of Mâ—lilot and Chemomile tops of Dill of each m. j. Linseed â„¥ j. boyl these either in water or milk and foment the side either with cloaths or spunges dipped therein After the foment liniate the part with some lenitive Oil as Oil of Lillyes Almonds or Violets or else with new Butter This foment for the diseased of the Stone must be applyed to the region of the reins â„ž Fotâ—â— pro calculosis Water-cresses Pelitory Beets Violets of each m. ij Fâ—nâ—greek â„¥ ij boyl them in Hydromel and foment the reins therewith CHAP. VI. Of Epithemaes SOme make no difference betwixt a Foment and an Epithema but Fernalius rightly asserts them to be different Medicaments Differentia inter fotum epithema both from their forms and their efficacy seeing a Foment endued with many qualities may be constituted many wayes and applyed to many parts But an Epithema is chiefly eximious for two qualities to wit alterative whereby it emends some distemper and roborative or alexiterial whereby it strengthens the heart and oppugns some kinde of poyson and for the most part applyed onely to the regions of the heart and liver They consist of distilled Epithematum materia cordial and alterative waters or liquid decoctions mixed with powders of fingular virtues wherein the proportion of powder is of one scruple or half a dram to every ounce of water which we mix with a little vinegar Some Alexipharmacal Confection is sometimes diluted in stead of powders as in some pestilent season or in some malignant distemper which impairs the strength of the heart and faculties of the diseased for in such a case it is most secure to mix some Antidote or Mithridate with the Epithema This Epithema doth refrigerate and roborate the liver inflamed with a Feaver â„ž An Epithema cooling the liver of the waters of Succory Endive Water-lillyes and Plantain of each â„¥ iij. Vinegar of RosesÊ’ j. Pulvis Triasant â„¥ j. ss Diarrhadon AbbatisÊ’ j. Troches of CamphorÊ’ ss fiat Epithema and with a cloth dipped in it bathe the region of the liver An Epitheme thus confected will muniate and preserve the heart and strength of the vital faculties â„ž An Epithema to comfort
into a glass drop by drop to that which is filtrated adde pluvial or fountain water in which dissolve a little salt upon the mixtion whereof a milk will appear This is also an usual form â„ž White wine vinegar lb. ss Litharidge of Gold finely powdered â„¥ j. boyl them together till the third part be consumed and to the Colature adde a little Oil of Tartar and it will become white It may also be thus confected â„ž Ceruse â„¥ ss Litharidge â„¥ j. Trochisks of CamphorÊ’ ss the strongest Vinegar lb. ss macerate them three or four hours afterwards filtrate them and to the filtration adde the water of Bean flowers or Plantain or Roses in which dissolve a little Salt and it will become white It is very good against the redness of the face and pimples Ejus virtuor and roughness of the skin CHAP. XIII Of Alume water THE affinity of the qualities minde me of another water of â—â—mious virtues which derives its denomination from Alumâ— which is its basis Since many Juices ingrede its confection which are better new than old it can scarce be made before or after Summer but about the end of August or the beginning of September for then the juice of Grapes is most copious and most acid being immature and therefore more accommodate to confect this water Being extrinsecally applyed it cohibits and deterges inflammations pimples and other infections of the skin adhibited also above the tongue that grows black by the acuteness of a Feaver it will not onely delete its roughness but so moderate its calour as to reduce it to its natural heat I shall here exhibit its more usual and approved description whereunto a skilfull Medick may easily adjoyn another if the particular nature or condition of any affection require it and thus it is confected â„ž Aqua aluminosa magistralis Of the juices of Plantain Purslain Grapes Roch alume ana lb. j. whites of Eggs no. xij mix them well together with a spatula and afterwards distill them in an Alembick Some by mixing the juice of Nightshade and Limons with it make it more prevalent against filth and lice and other affections of the skin and they call it the Magisterial Alume water CHAP. XIV Of a Frontal AFrontal which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a Medicament which imposed on the forehead doth help the head-ach and it is often exhibited to extinguish its ardour and conciliate sleep when in long Feavers too much waking hath dejected the strength corrupted the blood and exagitated the mind For then a topical refrigerative Hypnotick applyed to the frontispiece of the head will be very salutiferous by abating the dolour mitigating the fervour tempering the blood and cohibiting the ascendent fumes Nicholaus Myrepsius tells us that a Frontal duely confected and rightly adhibited to the eyes cures lippitude and abundant fluours But we must take heed we do not adhibit humectative and refrigerative Frontals to a flegmatick brain or old men in winter especially seeing they are not meet for such in summer Quibus frâ—ntalia bene vel male conveniunt nor yet for any of a cold nature But they may be successfully applyed to young men and such as are cholerick or infested with some hot disease which alwayes causes great dolour in the head at any time But the use of Frontals is no way safe for young girls whose Cranium yet gapes and whose Vertex is yet moveable especially such as admit Vinegar in their composition which is an enemy to the brain or are endued with a narcotical or with a refrigeratory or calefactory quality or any other eximious faculty in excess They indeed are very expetible which by the first degrees change the distemper of the four qualities cohibit vapours gently soporate the senses and roborate the brain All Frontals are either somewhat humid or altogether dry the humid are of multifarious forms and consistencies for they are either made in form of an Unguent or of a Liniment or of an Opiate or of a Cerato malagma as when some oleaginous Medicaments are super-added to brayed herbs and a Frontal formed of the mixture Neither are dry Frontals uniform but confected of leaves and flowers either integral or pulverated and sowed in a double Syndon or pure cloth This Frontal is accommodate to women â„ž Of the leaves of Lettice and Betony cut small and of Rose leaves ana m. j. madefy these in Oxyrrhodino and make thereof a Frontal This Frontal will asswage the fervour of the head and conciliate sleep â„ž Conserves of Water-lillyesÊ’ vj. of Roses â„¥ ss Fervorem mitigans somnumque concilians of the flower of Poppyes p. ij beat them together in a mortar with a little Unguent Populeon fiat Frontale CHAP. XV. Of Cataplasms and Pultises THis soft Medicament which onely extrinsecally applyed doth asswage dolour repell mollify relax and calefy as also move vacuate and digest corrupt matter is called both by Greeks and Latines Cataplasma It hath the consistency of a Pultis whence it often borrows a name though in proper loquution Puls is rather an Aliment and Cataplasma a topical Medicament which is not confected solely of Honey wherein some Simples or Compounds accommodate to that purpose have been cocted as the Antients used to make it but of Roots Herbs Meal Oil and Butter and very often and that successfully by clinical women of Milk Bread crums Oil and the yolks of Eggs to mitigate leniate and concoct And he that calls a Cataplasm thus compounded a Pultis and a Pultis made of Barley meal the mucaginous matter of Linseed and Eggs yolks a Cataplasm doth erre nothing according to Fernelius for both have the same consistency to wit a mean betwixt an Unguent and a Salve and as it were the result of both their materials compounded together both have the same method in confecture and in use Fernelius thinks that the Antients used Cataplasma and Malagusâ— for the same thing but Galen initio lib. 7. de comp med gen according to the meaning and opinion of the Antients names those Medicaments alone Malagms which mollify parts preternaturally obdurated so that a malactical and mollitive Medicament and a Malagm do not at all differ nor constitute distinct species as 't is very probable Pultises then are constituted of Roots Leaves Stalks cocted to a putrilency Meal Fat and Oil. If dry Plants be required they must be pulverated if green cocted till they liquefy then stamped in a mortar trajected through a scarce and mucaginous fat or oleaginous matters added to the pulped matter and sometimes meal and then must they be again cocted till they acquire the crassitude of a Pultis This Cataplasm will asswage dolour and mollify obdurateness â„ž Anodynum malacticum The roots of Lillyes and Marsh mallows ana â„¥ ij Mallows Pelitory Violets ana m. ij boyl them till they become soft beat them small and pulp them through a sieve to which adde Linseed