to correct 214 Rams of what age to couer Rams when to be put to the yowes Rams to the yowes another Rams to the yowes 260. Rayny weather not good to lye Red water to helpe 248 Rotting of sheepe to know Rotting of sheepe to helpe Remedies with medicines to help Rymy grasse euill for sheepe 211 Rotting of sheepe 239 S SCabbe on sheepe to helpe 220 Scab on the chine of sheep 226 Scab on the lips 228 Scabbed sheepe how to preserue Scratches of sheepe among bushes Shepheard how to gouerne his sheepe Shearing of sheepe 217 Sound sheepe to chuse Spring a disease in sheepe to helpe Staggers in lambs or sheepe 240 Strange sheepe to order Stopping of nipples of yowes to helpe 243 T TAgging of sheepe to see to 231 Tar and of his nature 228 Teeth lose in sheepe to helpe 239 Another for the same Tets stopped to helpe Thunder Tetters in sheepe to heale 256 Teeth many in a sheepe to marke The tine worme 250 Thornes or scratches on sheep Tokens good in a sheep Turning disease in sheepe 249 W WEthering of yowes to helpe Water in the belly of a sheep 229 Water in the belly another Water bladder vnder the chin-243 Washing sheepe with salt water is good 217 Washing sheepe often Wildfier in sheepe to helpe 224 Wood euill in sheepe to helpe 232 Wooll to come soone againe 228 Worme in the ile to helpe 222 Wormes in the guts of sheep Worme vnder the horne to helpe 230 FINIS The nature and qualities of hogges and also the gouernement thereof THe hogge is a hurtfull and spoiling beast stout and hardie and troublesome to rule he is a great rauener for his meate because hee is hote of nature Hogs are commonly knowne to most men therefore I will here let passe to speake in euerie point thereof but such as shal be most meete and necessarie to bee knowne There be of all sortes to be had but the meetest hauing and choosing of them is the males and boore pigges for they doe more resemble the nature of the boore then the sow And those that are large and bigge of bodie are most expected rather then those of long and round of bodie And they ought to haue a deepe bellie with thicke and large thighes not hauing his clawes very hye nor yet verie long legs but thicke and short with a great thicke necke His groyne and snout short and bending backwarde with a broad thicke chine and yet those are most knauishly giuen when they are a yeare old for they will engender and desire to couer or to be couered within euerie ten monethes and so will continue till they bee foure yeares of age and one Boore is sufficient for ten sowes Also the sowes ought to haue a long body and all the rest of her bodie like the other aforesaide of the Bore Whereas the countries are cold and subiect to frosts it is best there to choose and haue hogs which haue hye and hard bristles thicke blacke if it be in temperate countries warme against the sunne there ye may wel nourish those hogs which haue thin smal low bristles because they are cōmonly more tender then others Also those hogs which are norished in houses towns are most cōmonly whiter then others A sowe wil cōmonly bring pigs vntil she be seauen yeares old those sowes tha◠bringeth pigges most often in the yeare doe sooner waxeolde then others for some young Sow well fed being one yeare old will haue pigges The Sowes are best to bee couered in the moneth of Februarie and when she hath gone with pigge foure monethes or fifteene wéekes then in the sixtenth weeke or beginning of the fifth moneth she will farro Some as they say will haue pigges twice some thrice a yeare And when the grasse is strong and wette it causeth them to bring aboundance of milke to norish their pigs the better for when she waxeth dry and hath no milke to nourish them with then must yee take them from her and see to weane them and so by litle and litle they will fall to eate grasse and corne and such as falles on the ground And thus in continuance they will waxe more stronger to eate of all other kinde of meate This order they chiefly vse in villages where great troopes of hogges are vsed and kept together bred and brought vp in townes whereby at length there comes a great profit by them vnto the husband As in places and villages nigh vnto great townes or gentill mens houses in selling the young sucking pigs which are alwaies readie money vnto them and by this meanes the Sow is discharged of her pigs the sooner Whereby she shall be the readier to bring pigs twice or thrice a yeare and the boore pigs ought to be gelded when they are about sixe monethes olde for then they begin to waxe strong in heate and being vngelt till then they will grow to be more stouter hogges and yet they commonly geld them when they are young vnder the damme as being thrée wéekes or a moneth old and some say they will haue the swéeter flesh but the trueth is contrarie as manie doe iudge because they are too soone weakened in their nature and therefore they will not be so large hogs Some doe counsell to geld or spay the sowes when they haue béene often couered as of thrée or foure yeares and to spay the sowes is counted then best Some thinke in spaying them of shots is best in cutting them in the mid flanke with a sharpe knife two fingers broad in taking out the bag of birth and cutting it off and so they doe stitch vp the wound againe and then annoynt it and keep her warme in the stie two or thrée daies after and those that be spayde can bring no more pigges nor the bores wil not séeke after them and they will waxe the fatter Notwithstanding I cannot saie why they spay them except it should be to fat them or where there is want of meate to feede them For where as plentie of meate is better it is there to haue them bring vp pigges than otherwise Of these kinde of Beastes yee shall finde in all countries christened and some are in mountaines as well as in plain countries But the plaine and moyst groundes are far better for them then the hot and drie grounds For the forrests and Commons are most conuenient for them to féede on And where there is great plentie of Oake trées Beech Ashe and thorne of Bryers Hazels and crabtrees wilde peare or Plumtrees Fearne rootes and suchlike to féed them withall from time to time For these sortes of trees doe not rype al at one time but in diuers and sundry times of the sommer which are almost sufficient to nourish them all the yéere long with helpe of grasse and rootes and some helpes now and then in Winter of other meate And where there is want of such trees yee must haue them to other féeding
strained in honied water giuen warme or the root of the great bur bruised sod in wine then giuen All these are good against poisoned causes But if this disease breede first in the head then shall yee minister thinges chieflie to purge the head as the tender buds of Bearefoote beaten and the iuice mixed with wine giuen Also the iuice of Sowbread in Latin Panis porcinus the which iuice ye shal put into his nostrils and let it distill into his head The which wil purge both bis head and brain Likewise the iuice of garden cresses stamped and strained and giuen with wine doe also purge the head But if the sayde disease come of the Hawthorne or Oake leafe onelie which leaues be of a harde digestion and perhappes maie cause this disease if it should be so Then boyle Southernwood in wine and giue thereof to the sicke Lambes or wilde mallowes sodde in wine and giuen Or the herbe Cuckospit boiled in wine and giuen Also of Iuniper seeds or leaues stamped then strained and giuen with wine Also Penniryall stamped and strained with wine or Ale and so giuen All these aboue sayde are good to make digestion and other wayes holesome for the Beast Thus muche I thought meete to write concerning the remedies for this strange disease in Lambes Let Shepheardes thereof trie so farre as they shall thinke good Against the loosenesse of teeth some doe lette blood as I haue afore sayde vnder the tayle But whensoeuer anie of the sheepe haue loose teeth yee shall take the tender croppes of briers called Blacke brier and putte thereof among his meate and so they will fasten againe in eating thereof It is good for al men to vnderstand specially Shepheards which things do hurt or rotte sheepe wherby they maie auoide the danger the better ye shal vnderstand there is a grasse or weed called Speare woort the leaues are long and narrow like the point of a speare hard and thicke the steales hollowe growing a foote and more high with a yealow floure which is coÌ„monly in wet places and there wil it grow most or where water haue stood in the winter There is also another weed called Peniwort or penie grasse it wil coÌ„monly grow in moist marrish grouÌ„ds it groweth low by the ground hath a leafe on both sides the stalke like vnto a penie thick round without floure yet some doe saie it beareth a yealow floure which wil as they say kil sheep if they eate it Also all manner of grasse that landfloods doe ouerr 〈…〉 before a raine is not good for sheepe because of sâ—nd and stinking filth lying thereon and al maner marrish grounds is euil for sheepe and the grasse that groweth amoÌ„g fallows is not very good for sheep for amoÌ„g it is much earth and other yll weed Also knottegrasse is not good for sheep for as some doe say it wil cause them to fome at the mouth so wil be a scab Likewise al mildeawd grasse is not good the which ye shal know two maner of waie The one is by the leaues on trees in the mornings chiefly on the Oake tree If ye licke the leaues yee shal finde a taste thereon like honie wherby the mildewde grasse wil kil many sheep rimes on the ground then if the shepheard do wel hee shoulde not let them go abroad til the sunne haue dried vp all those dewes Euill water is likewise not good and a hunger rot is the woorst rotte of all For therein is neyther good fleshe nor skinne and being hunger straued they eat such as they can come by But in pastures they seldoÌ„ haue the rot but hurt with mildeawes yet then they wil haue much tallow and likewise fleshe and also a good skinne They say little white snailes be yll for sheepe other in pastures or fieldes there is a rot called the pellet rot which commeth of greate wet specially in wood grounds or fallow fieldes where they cannot wel drie them Al these are the chiefe things that do rot sheepe as the shepheards haue found commonly by experience from time to time Certayne preceptes taken foorth of Aristotle libro de natura animalis When the teeth bee all euen of a sheep it is a signe that the sheepe is olde yet thereto some shepheardes doe saye it is so in a young sheepe as well as in the olde and that is according to the Pasture or grounds they feede in If they feede in harde grounde theyr teeth will weare the sooner than in a softe grounde or Pasture If ye wil haue your lambes come in the spring time put the Ram to the yeawes in the mids of October if ye wil haue them come in Winter ye must put the Rams to the yeawes in Iuly The yeawe goeth with her lambe flue monethes yee shall marke when a yeawe doth commonly bleate beyng great with lambe then iudge that her lamming time is neere Also yee shall note if a rayne come incontinent after that the Ramme haue couered the yeawes those lambs are like to die A Ram that hath a black tongue al the lambes he gettes are like to be blacke or els spotted Stony and marrish grounde is not holesome for sheepe and wood ground is not very hurtful In Sommer sheep ought to bee fed in the morning before the heat of the day and to let them drinke faire water of the Spring Also in the Spring time and Winter put not forth your sheep before the deawes and frost be gone for that grasse which hath deawe or frost breedeth a disease or scabbe It is good also to put your sheep in the haruest in stubble ground for they will dung well the landes Note also if a ground be wet with raine it shall not be good to let them lye theron but stur them to some higher place Againe in the moneth of Aprill maie Iune and Iulie not then to eate much but in August Octobre Nouember and December then to eate well after the dewe is gone the better to withstand the stormes in winter Note also that the washing of shéepe with salted raine water after he is shorne will saue him from the itch and breaking of the wool and from being scabbie note that putting the ramme to the yowes when the wind is in the north will cause them bring males and putting the ramme to the yowes when the wind is in the south will cause the yowes bring female lambs And those yowes that do drinke salte water do desire the ramme the sooner but ye must not salte the water before the ramming time but after some say two good rammes to a hundreth yowes is sufficient and some thinke the more rammes the sooner spéede but they will serue Note also all thinges will fatte shéepe which is mingled with salte water as fetches branne chaffe and such like Much sturring of shéepe doth make them leane There is a disease in shéepe which is called
remedies against the biting of maddogs and helpe for mangie dogs ACh in hogs heads to helpe 278 A corns to feed hogs 262 Aristotles saying 277 B BIting of a mad dog to helpe Biting of hogs Biting another 280 Bores one sufficient forx sowes Bloud letting in hogs Brimming of Sowes C Catarre to helpe 272 Choosing of hogs Couering Sowes 260. D Dogges are necessarie and also hurtfull Dissines in hogs Of mad dogs Dogs mange to helpe E ELme leaues are good for hogs 279 F FAtting with what meat 270 Feuer in hogs to helpe 265 Feeding a hog fat 268 Feeding a bore best 273 Feeding a hog for larde Figure how best to 〈◊〉 a hog Flowing of the gall G GAll flowing to heale Garget in hogs to helpe 271 Gelding of pigs Gelding of hogs 264 Gouernment of hogges H HEarbes ill for hogs Hearbes good for hogs 271 Hearbes to coole them in sommer 279 Hole footed hogs Hogs being sicke to know 278 Hogs sicke to helpe 270 Hogheard to be watchfull 263 Henbane 279 Hogs grease to harden Hogs to stower 280 I IMpostumations vnder the throat to heale 265 L LAske in hogs to stop 271 Leannes by sickenes in hogs to helpe 266 Littargie in hogs to helpe 266 Lice to kill in hogs 280 M MAggots to kill Mangie in dogs to helpe Marking your pigs 293 Mezell in hogs to helpe Mezell to saue them from it 273 Mezell to helpe another 267 Mezell to preserue hogs 279 Mezell to helpe another way 268 Mezell to helpe another 269 Mezell thinges euil for it 277 Mezell and causes thereof 269 Milt pained to helpe 271 Mustard ill for hogs 270 Milt pained to helpe 267 Mice in hogsties to kill 270 Moules to take P PEstilent feuer to helpe 272 Pigs weaning Pigs how to marke Prouerbe of the hogs goodnes Pigs winter pigs 278 Poxe in hogs to helge R RAmmish pigs Remedies against the bitting of mad dogs Ringing of hogs 273 Ringing double 275 Rootes good for hogs 261 S SIcke hogs to helpe 271 Signes after the biting of a mad dog Sowes good breeders 264 Sowes going with pig 264 Sowes when to brim Sowes vnnaturall 267 Spaied Sowes 260 The spaing of a Sow Sowes great with pig how to keep 263 Staggers in hogs for to helpe 277 Styes for your hogs Stying your hogs 262 T TOunges of mad dogs are venemous V VEnome taken by meates Vomit to stay in hogs 266 Vomit to prouoke in hogs 266 FINIS L. M. Buying oxen and his properties Flies wormes and tykes to take awaie Taming a bul To yoke a young oxe VVeary oxen â—oking vnequall VVater in the bellie Columella Vomit to help Medicine against the pestilence Trenches Fluxe of the â—elliâ— Fluxe of blood Byles Stiffenesse of sinewes To knit sinews Hoofe cho 〈…〉 Haw in the eie Stroke in the eie Eies inflamed Watry eyes Webbe in the eye Quod Willis Horse gelt or Bull. A kind of gelding The labouring Oxe Bul te labour Kine put to the bull To gelde calues Kine to labor Gelt of calues Husbandmen to haue alwaies ready Against the laske Against the bloudy fluxe For an old cough For the kibe in the heeles Oxe feet neere worne Scabbes in the feet A common medicine for all cattell Couering mares Gouernment of the mare with fole Mares for male female Tokens of a good colt Chafing his body Drinke or meat paine in the head Drinkes for horses Mare with sole Cough Pushes and blisters All sores chafes Pestilence in mares Mares in a rage Hot stallionâ— Beauty of moyles Couering of young mares Place to couer Horse without braines Hot feet or hoofe The horse cart and harnaise to see to Prouerbe Preparing the cart Belles on the horse Feuer Pastornes freted Leannesse in a horse Weary and chafed Hoofe bond or mate long Stiffeling 〈◊〉 horse Sprainde Stiffle in the heele Farcie or Fashion Horse cannot stale Haw in the eie The viues in horses Quincie Signes of sicâ—nesse To stanch blood Bloud to be let in horses The poll 〈…〉 Broken winde to helpe Glaunders in Horse Mourning of the chine Strangury in horse the haw The Frounce to helpe Splint to help Bots in horses Long wormes 〈◊〉 drinks Malender in a horse windgall Selander in a horse The spauin in horses Soft Spauin Curbe in a horse Paines of feet Foundring in the feet Graueling a horse Enterfering of a horse the colt euil Lyce on horses Taint in a horse Cloying a horse Surbating a horse Blindnes in horses the pin and web in the eye Bistula in horse Fistula in the head Lampas in a horse Pissing bloud Horse venomed Water not good for horse Pestilence in horses Yellowes in a horse Coltes pained in the gummes and teeth Feuer in colts Faintnesse and weakenesse Of too muche heat in a horse Barbes in a horse Itch in the cayle Folling of coltes Shoing of horse Faring the hoofe Shoyng the fore feete Nayles to be made Paring shoing the great hoofe Paring the rough brittle hoofe To shoe aloÌ„g hoofe To pare a croked hoofe To pare the flatte hoofe the hollow hoofe the broade frushe the hoofe with narrows heeles Shoing the binder feete Shoing with a false quarter Shoing for enterfeering Paring the hoof bound An ointment for the hoofe Couering the Mare For the scabbe swelling or straine Crackes paines Sight to recouer Malt wormes to helpe Cratches to heale Coddes inflamed For a pricke with a naile Loose hoofe â—ies blinde The stone in the Pastrone The Camery to helpe trenches to helpe Swelling to helpe Spaide Coltes and Geldings Mourning of the chine Another for the chine Chaffe to feed Horse For naile yron or stubbe Colour of horse of best proofe Third booke of georgicks Rams estemed Ramâ—to correct Thornes or scratches Putting the Ramme Male lambes Female lambs To alter thyâ— flocke to breede to nourish sheepe Lambing time Pasture grouÌ„d Drinke Rimes or gellie A Shephearde to gouerne Strange sheep Meate for sheepe Wash sheepe In Deuonshire they neaer washe their sheepe when they clip but after wash the wooll before they spin it in warme lie and drieth it on hurdles Shearing Nointing or greasing Medicines Sicknes or pestilence Scabbe Medicines for itch Broome Salue for the scabbe Magots to kill Seabbe Feuer or red water The worme in the claw Gall in the foot Worme in the claw Lunges sicke Wilde fire Of choler in sheepe Iaundise Fleame Broken bones Hearbes ill for sheepe Short breath or purcy Glanders or sneuell Lambes sicke Scab on the chin Lambes scabby â—cabbes on the mousell of sheepe Wooll to come againe Of tarre and his nature The cough Blood in sheep Cough or morfound Haw in the eye Blindnesse in sheepe Water in sheep The worme vnder the horne Blood on sheep Bladder in the head To tag or belr sheepe Dogs for shepheards Scabbe to perceiue in sheepe Pockes of sheepe The wood euil or crampe Maggots in sheepe Yeawes to loue their lambes Poyson of sheepe Yeaning time Weake lambs new yeaned Easie deliuerance Loose teeth to increase milke Herbs holsom Weaning lambes Lambes weaned To make the yeaw to loue her lambe to deuide or draw sheep Foldes for sheepe To put the Rammes to yeawes A yeaw with lambe The leafe in lambes Against loose teeth Rotters of sheepe Grasse among fallowes Aristotles precepts Lambes Lamming time Black Lambes Water in the belly To kill lice stopping the tets Water bladder in sheepe Clo ueu pefill Goat bucke waxe soone old Of diseases in goates as pestilence and such like The stopping of the tets Choosing of hogges A Bore is sufficient for ten sowes Couering 〈…〉 es Sowes go with pig 16. weeks Gelding pigs spaied Sowes Rootes good for hogs Akornes kept Stying your hogges Hogheard watchfull Sowes with pigge Marking yourâ— pigges sowes good breeders Gelding of hogs Feuer in hogs Impostume vnder the throat Against vomit Of a leannesse in hogges Litargie in hogges To vomit Milt pained Sowes vnnat 〈…〉 rall To feede a hog fatte Measeld hogs to helpe To saue them from measeld Cause of measelry Mustard is ill for hogs Fatting a hog Mice in the flie Hogs sicke by ill hearbes cating Laske to stop Hearbes good for hogs The garget in a hog Sicke hogs to know Disease of the milt Pestilent feuer Catar in hogs Flowing of the gall Measell to help To feed a bore best Ringing of hogs Prouerbe The double ring To feed a hog for larde Measeld to help Ill for measels Staggars Aristotles sayings Winter pigs Diseases in hogs Ache in their heales Mistrisse Risley Cold hearbes in sommer Elme leaues for hogs Henbane Hogs grease Measeld to helpe Hogs to scoure Lice to kill Hogge bitten Gelding 〈◊〉 Bore Feeding of hogs in styes Let blood
hayre cleane away on the splint and then with an awle al to prickes it al ouer so farre as it goeth and then layes thereon a hotte rosted onyon or two and vse it thus sixe or seuen dayes and it wil heale him Bottes in horse is an yl disease to heale if they take the maw the Bottes are commonly an ynche long and they haue redde heads and are as muche as your little fingers end Some are white and some are yealwish beyng quicke in the maw they wil sticke fast thervnto Also there are 2. other sorts the one is called lung woortes and the other is called trenches Al these worms breed in the horse by eating of filthy meat some do come of a raw matter by eating green pease eates or barley wheÌ„ the horse is troubled therwith ye shal soon perceiue for he wil forsake his meat in staÌ„ping with his feet somtimes treÌ„bling sodainly down soon vp againe wil strike at his belly with his hinder foote and wil often bow his head toward his belly and shake his head often The cure Take a quart of milke and mixe it with ten spoonful of hony and giue it hym warme walke him a while after and so let him rest with little meate or none till the next morning and suffer him not to lye down Another some doe annoynt his bit with hot mans doung and rides him after an houre or two and yâ— wil kil them Another some choppes their haire short and puts it with bay salt in theyr prouuender and some giues sau 〈…〉 among theyr prouender and others put hot embars in water and theÌ„ incontinent straines and giues it and so walkes him after an houre Others take a spoonful of hony with so much of scraped chalk fine beaten and stirs them together and makes them into balles and then mixe them with ale and makes him to swallow them and so he shal do wel The long worm is in the panch of the belly they shine like the belly of a snake and like in colour and are in the middes great fashioned like a spindle and they are of seuen ynches long or more and sharpe at both ends and soone are killed which is take a halfpeniworth of fenegreke of Anniséedes a pound and a halfpeniworth of bay beries as much lycoras of turmerick a halfpeniworth of brimstone a quantity beat them into pouder and put theÌ„ into a quart of ale and warm it giue it to the horse fasting then ride him an houre after and kéepe him warme after 24. houres The malender is an yll sore which maye bee cured for a time but if he be yl kept it wil soone come again This doth appeare in the boute of the fore knees and are like a seal or scab some horse wil haue 2. of one legge nie together there wil be strokes with haire which doth venom the place they wil cause him to go stiffe and make him to stumble and fall which comes of some corrupt blood but most special for lack of rubbing and good keeping The cure take a bareld hearing with a soft row with two spoonful of blacke sope half an ounce of allum beat in a morter together and then lay it to the malander for thrée daies it wil heale it or washe it with warme water shaue away al the haire the scab also then take a spoonful of sope and another of lime mixe them together like a paste and with a cloth lay it and bynde it fast on and vse this for 3. dayes and euery day fresh after ye take it of annoint the place with warm oyle of roses yâ— by means of the playster shal take away the skurfe and when yâ— scurf is al gone ye shal wash it once a day with the horse own water or with mans pisse theÌ„ cast on yâ— powder of burnt oister shels Use this once a day til he be whole The wyndgal is a sorenesse light to heale it is a bladder full of winde and thin humors on the sides of yâ— ioynts aboue the pastornes or fetterlock as wel behynd as afore they are like soft bladders vnder the skin and gotten by much trauel they wil payne the horse so that in harde waies hee cannot wel goe but halt The cure Some do pricke it theron with a launcet the length of a Beane where it is highest and so it will come out but beware of hurting the sinowes and ye shall sée it like the white of an Egge Then take the yolke of an Egge and of oyle of bay as much as a Nut mixe them togither and plaister it on flaxe and laie it thereto and this shall make him whole in a day another Take the rootes of Comine and beat them well with salt a litle and then laie it too and he shall be whole incontinent Some doo lay them with rubbing there on with the iuice of an onyon or leeke blades but if ye ride him soon after they wil come again in 4 daies Some do wash theÌ„ with warm water shaue awaie the haire and race them with the poynt of a knife so heales it as the splint and others do burn them downward some do cut them and makes the windgall start out and heeles it with pitch rosen mixt laid to Also ground yuie wormwood with the rootes sod in wine and layde too The selander is a sorenesse much like yâ— malander and is a scab in the bought of the hough of the hinder leggs for as the mallander is in the bought behynd of the forelegges so the selander is in the bought before on the hinder legs it commeth for lacke of rubbing and by euil keeping without any rubbing or dressing when he hath traueled and as yee heale the malander so must â—e cure this selander The Spauin is an yll sorenesse to heale and there bee two kyndes of them the wet and the dry The dry is a hâ—rd knobbe as bigge a a walnutte on the inside of the hoghes vnder yâ— ioynt and some wil haue two spauins appearing on both sides of the ioynt which is a hard thing to be healed and it wil cause the horse to halt Some doe suppose it commeth by kinde by the horse that begot hym but it commeth by extreme labour and heates by encreasing a humour to the maister vayne in feeding the place with euil humour groweth to a hard bone wherein the cure is hard The cure Some do wash it and then shaues away the hayre and opens the skinne vpon the vayne a handful aboue the knee and cuts away the vayne betweene both the strings and where the highest of the spauin is there part the skinne the length of a date and with a sharpe chizel halfe an ynch broad strike it cleane away the bignesse of an almonde and take two pennie weight of Uerdegreace with a Smithes nerual mixe them together well and put
it therein and so heale-it Another some doe after they haue washed and shauen it race the place with a sharpeknife and they take halfe a dramme of cantaradice with an ounce of Euphorbium made in powder with as much oyle of Bay and mixe them altogether and to lay therof to the sore the space of 2. daies in shifting it eche day once Then after two dayes annoynt it euery daye with freshe Butter to make the haire come againe Some doe fire him on both sides without tainting and so takes vp the maister vayne and so annoynt it with butter nine dayes after vnto the fiered place doe begin to scall and then boyle of sage and of nettles of eyther a handfull with foure handful of mallowes in water and then put too a little butter and there with bathe him euery day once for three or foure daye still the burning be whole let him not wette his feete in this time The wette or soft Spanin groweth likewise on both sides of the hough behynde and is a softe swelling and some do cal it a thorow Spauin and commōly it is greater on the outside than on the inside This will bee alwayes soft and is more easier to be cured and cures it as the harde spauin The curbe is an il sorenes appearing on the great sinew behind vnder the hough or camerell place somewhat beneath the spauin it will swell on the sinewe and after a little labour he will halte thereon and then the more labour the greater griefe And this is gotten by bearing some heauy burthen when as he is young Or by some wrynch or some great straine and that place will shewe bigger then the other The cure is is ill if it remaine long But take a pint of the lyes of wine with two handfull of wheaten flower with a handfull of cummin then mixe them all together ouer the coales and being warme plaister wise laye it to the griefe in changing it for the space of three or foure daies once a day till the swelling do go awaye and then draw it with a hot yron all ouer and then plaister it with pitch and rozen melted together and so clappe it to warme Some lay flockes it on of the horse colour and so plaister it to Let it remaine till it fall of it selfe awaye and keepe his féete drye for nine dayes or more after And he shal do well The paines is an il sorenes and soone healed it bréedeth in the pasturne vnder his fetherlock and will grow to a scabbe full of scalding and fretting water which cometh for lacke of rubbing and cleane keeping in that place after his trauaile and laboure by some durty sand remayning in that place which breedeth a scabbe Therefore looke to your horses that hath long haire in that place for they will soonest haue it The cure Some do wash it with beere and fresh buttes good and warme And first they clyppe awaye all the haire sauing the fetterlocke Then they take hony turpentine and hogges grease in like quantitie in mixing them together with a little Bolarmeniac and two yelkes of egges with so much wheate flower as will thicken it and then plaister wise lay it to and lappe it thereon with some other cloth to keepe it fast and shift it once a daye till it leaue watering Then washe it with pisse till it be dride vp Another Take and chafe his legges with a haye rope till they bléed or waxe rawe Then take a little sharpe mustard beane flower and fresh grease with a little fenigrick mixe all together in a dish and make thereof a salue and therewith annoint his griefes And when that place is drye take hony and the white of an egge and fresh butter temper it together and annoint the saide place therewith Let him stand drie not laboured nor lead to water till hee bée whole Another If they be greene and newe yee shall take but béefe broth and therewith wash him and then annoint it with sope vse this iiii or v. daies and he shal do wel Another Plunge his féete in scalding water twise or thrise and bath the sore with hot scalding water then haue ready a hard rosted egge cleaue it in the midst and clap it to as hot as ye can and let it lye bound all night Use this once or twise and ye may ride him on the next day The scratches is a long scuruines right behind the legge from the fetherlocke vppe to the knée or hough The haire will stare ye may easily perceiue it if ye take vp his legge and shed the haire and ye shall see it scuruie all vnder The cure wash it with mens vrine warme then take black sope mustard and vinegar of ech a like quantitie and mixe therwith of an oxe gall then sturre them well together and chafe and rubbe the place therewith and bind therto a cloth so vse it once a daye till it be whole Then annoint it with neats foot oyle to supple the the sinewes againe Another Take the finest haye ye can and burne it to ashes vpon a faire boord then mixe it with neats foote oyle and make a salue thereof then all to rubbe the sores vntill they bléed almost and then annoint them with the said salue and rope his legges and kéepe them drie in the stable and keepe him so iii. or iiii daies and he shall do wel Another Take turpentine hony and hogs grease with two or thrée yelkes of egges with some powder of bolarmeniac and beane flower mixe all well together in shedding the haire annoint therewith all ouer well to the bottome Use this till he be whole and let him come in no wet This sorenes comes also for lacke of rubbing and kéeping cleane after his trauell The King bone is also an ill sorenesse it will appeare aboue the fore part of the hoofes and some will be round aboue the ioynt the haire will stare and rise on a bunch and there will resort a thicke and a slimy matter it cometh by some blow of some other horse treading or by striking one legge against another in proces of time it will become hard like vnto a bone and it will make him to trippe and halte and yee shall sée it higher then the hoofe if it grow in any other part of the legges then it is calde a knobbe and no ring-bone The cure wash it well with warme water and shaue that place the haire cleane of and race it with a sharpe razor and make it to bléede Then take an ounce of euphorbyum halfe an ounce of cantaradice and beat them in fine powder and take oile of baies an ounce If the griefe bee but smally growne take the halfe of each and boile them all together in sturring it well And with a fether laie it boyling hote on on the sore and stir him not for halfe an houre then let him be in the stable and vse him thus nine daies in ordering him as ye doo for
in the gummes and téeth when they growe yee shal take of good chalke with strong vinegar mixed together and rubbe the teeth and gummes therwith and they will mend The feuer is holpen by letting blood on the middle vaine on his thigh foure fingers vnder his tuell or els take the vayne in the necke and for his drink ye may mixe the iuice of purselaue gumme dragant frankencense in powder with a few damask roses and giue him this in a quantitie of honied water Agaynst faintnesse and weakenesse about the hearte of a Horse yee shall keepe him verye warme take an ounce of myrre two ounces of gum dragant two ounces of saffron one ounce of the powder of mellilot one pounde of the herbe Mercurie the powder of frankincense according to the rest then mixe altogether and make it in fine powder and take two spoonful thereof and giue it with a pynt of homed water and two spoonefull of oyle of roses Use this once a daie till yee see him amende this is also good to strengthen the reynes and backe and slacknesse of other members Against heate in a horse if it be in Winter ye shall giue him three ounces of sallet oile with a pint of redde wine if it be in Sommer giue him two ounces of oile with a quantitie of wine The barbes are twoo tettes vnder the tongue if they growe long they will hinder the horses feeding and they doe vse to clippe them with a payre of sheares and then washe it with water and salte and so they wil heale For the ytche in the tayle yee shall annoynt it with soape and then washe it with strong lye This will helpe against the scabbe scurfe and and woormes and against muche wearing of the taile keepe it alwaies wette with faire water The ytche may come of trunchins in the fundalent and then yee must rake him for that is a good helpe Also they saie if a Colt doe not cast his milt when hee is folde he will not liue long after but die sodainely within few yeeres after there is no horse that doth liue long which hath any milt in him Also for the shooyng of a Horse mee thinkes it is connenient that the husbandman shoulde vnderstande somewhat thereof although in manie places they doe know better than some Smithes For in most places of Englande the Smithes haue small skill thereof but after a common sorte howe to shooe euerye Horse as hee ought to bee they knowe not Which knowledge doeth consist in diuers pointes as in good stuffe in making fitte shooes for ouerye horse foote in driuing the nayles right and also the making thereof in paring and leauing the hoofe where it ought to bee alwayes hauing respecte therevnto For there is as greate a respecte vnto the paring as in the shooing because of the diuersitie of hoofes for some bee rounde some long some shorte some smooth some rough some tender some tough tome flatte and some hollowe and broade hoofes commonly haue narrowe heeles which will bee soone weake to trauell or to carrie his shooe long and in goyng lowe on his pastornes hee is apte to surbat and grauell The rugged horse is not so muche apte to surbat or grauell but it is a signe of vntemperate heate and drought which makes the hoofes brittle A long hoofe commonly treades on the heeles and pastornes which breedeth wyndegalles A broade crooked hoofe without and narrowe within it makes him splayfooted and treadeth more inward than outward going with his ioyntes close together maketh him to enterfeere and so become same A broade foote inwarde and narrowe outwarde is not so hurtfull but on the outside hee will soone grauell A flatte hoofe not hollowe within is like to a vnperfecte hoofe A hollowe hoofe will waxe soone drye and that causeth hoofe bounde And the straight vpright and narrow hoofe will waxe soone drie except hee bee stopped will soone bee hoofe bounde which will cause hym to bee so lame that hee cannot treade sure And whereas the frushes are broade the heeles are commonlie weake and softe so that yee maye easily crushe them together and those horses will neuer treade well on stones or harde grounde And also where the heeles are narrow they are commonly tender and hoofe bound The hoofe ought to bee pared euen that the shooe maye fitte close and iust thereon not beeyng in one place more higher than another And because the weight of the bodie afore lies most on the heeles Therefore to fauour them take as little as yee maye but the toes beyng thicke and harde may be taken the thinner and the paring of the hinder foote is cleane contrary to the fore feete as afore is shewed in driuing the nayles saying before behynde behinde before which is beware the twoo hindermost natles on the fore feete and the two foremost nayles on the hinder feete In shooing the fore feete make your shooes with a broade webbe and with thicke spoonges meete in all places somewhat appearing on the outside of the shoe And when yee naile or set on the shooe spare not from the middes forewarde but beware backwarde towardes the heeles and yee shall pearce the heales wider on the outside of the shoe then on the inside and more distant from the toe then the quarters because the hoofe is more thicker forewarde then backwarde and more holde to be taken the nayles woulde bee made stiffe with square heades and with sharpe pointes and meete at the head to fill the holes of the shoes standing a strawe breadth without the shoe and so will hée stande most sure without shaking and also will last longer But that order most Smithes doe little regarde but to dispatche and awaye and when they pearce a shoe they commonly make the inside as broade as the outside and theyr nayles are made with suche greate shoulders they cannot sitte well thereon nor enter close into the hoales aâ—ayle wel made shoulde haue no shoulder at al but still lesser and lesser towarde the poynt For otherwise he wil stande so high and the necke thereof being weake soon doth breake or els bend at euery light stroke as I haue oft séene the triall and the shoe thereby soone lost The nayles also would be made flatter on the one side than the other with a small poynt and stiffer still towards the head and when yee driue strike softly first with a light hammer till it bee well entered Some doe greace the poyntes for a tender hoofe to goe more easter and first yee shall driue the two hoofe or side nayles of eache side one then looke if the shoe stande right or not with the spoonges right on the sides If not mende it and driue your other nayles and sette downe then his foote to see if they bee all fitte and wel placed and the horse to treade euen thereon If not take vp his other foote to make him stande more stiffer thereon and with
meanely neither too fast nor yet too slow hauing an exercise and not to let them rest or lye And when yee haue brought them to the appointed place yee must then parte them into many troopes or bandes and so let them bee looked euer vnto and beeing so parted they are then in more safetie then euer they were before when they were togither because the strength and the infection of the contagious and pestilent ayre is not so great in a small troupe of cattell as in a great And also it is more easie to heale a smal nomber then a great therefore ye must doe this which I haue commanded to the end that ye doe not repent the more when as they fall all sicke togither Or if there be any one which hath it then doe as afore said Also shéepe are more tormented with the scabbe then all other cattell which commonly commeth as the Poet Virgil saith When sheepe are greatly beaten with raine Then frost and cold encreaseth their paine Whereby the scabbe will then encrease Which ye may kill with tarre and fresh grease Or when they begin to haue the itch yee shal annoint him with goose grease and tar mixt well togither with the tender crops of broome in may stampt and boild with goose grease put vnto your tar in like porcion Then make but two sheads on both sides his back bone from his head to the taile and anoint with the foresaid grease and ye shall néede no more nointing if they be well vsed after and kept from scratches Also after ye haue shorne them if ye doe not remedie them with the remedy and medicine aforesaid which is to wash them with sea or salt water or in a salt riuer and then shéere and rub them as aforesaid which is good against the scratches with briers and thornes which wil otherwise grow to scabbes Or if thou puttest them in a stable where horse haue béen or lacking of meate whereby they become leane which leannes doth cause them to haue the itche and scab The which assoone as it hath taken them they neuer cease to scratch bite or rub the itching places either with his mouth féete or hornes or to rub against a trée or other thing which lice may cause also If thou seest any one doe this then take him and open and shed his wool and ye shall sée there vnder the skin red and scratched or bitten with his mouth therfore it must be sodeinly remedied to the end that al the rest be not infected with the same For amongst all other cattel shéep are most therwith tormented for the same there be many medicines the which we shall hereafter speake of Not that yee can or may vse all because that euery countrey cannot haue all but such as yee may haue shall suffice First the composition that I haue afore expressed shall serue very well for the most part Also if ye caâ—e the lees of wine of oliues the iuice of tares or pulce sod mixt with as much white ellsbory beaten which is 〈◊〉 pouder Also the gréene iuyce of hemblocke to anoint is good to kill the itch if it bee not in séede Some doe take it in the spring and beates it and then straineth it into a potte of earth And vnto xviii quartes of the said 〈◊〉 yee they put in halfe a bushell of salt and then to couer the pot close and setteth it in some doonghill a whole yeare there to be seasoned And when it is drawne out they take thereof and warmeth it and therewith rubbes the scabby shéepe or any place of their skinne so troubled but they rubbe the place before with some rough thing or rugged stone for to make it bléede Also the lees of oliues is good if it bee boyled vntill the halfe bee consumed and then to annoint therewith Likewise doth the piffe of men wherein is quenched of hotte burning tilestones some do boyle it on the fire vntil the first part be consumed in mixing it with so much of the iuyce of gréene henbane with twoo youndes of the pouder of tiles or of cinamond also of tarre and beaten salt and so mingled togither Likewise it shal be good to vse of brimstone beaten fine with as much tarre in stirring it altogither ouer a small fire and because tarre is verie costly for poore men they make a salue of broome which is ye shal take a great quantitie of the croppes of broome with the leaues and blossomes let them be chopt small and then sod in xviii gallons of running water till it waxe as thick like a gelley then take two poundes of molten shéepes suet with a pottel of old stale and so much of brine put all into the pan with the broome and stir it wel togither Then straine it and kéep it in what vessell yee will and so when yee clippe your shéepe make it luke warme and with some soft thing wash your shéep therwith and at all times ye may vse this in sheading the wool and anoint therewith warme which wil both heale the scabbe and kil tikes and shal not be hurtful to the wooll and those which haue sufficient meate wil not lightly scabbe after Others doe take of ellecampant rootes and stampes them then boiles them in running water and washes therewith Some doe take oyle oliue and the pouder of brimstone and so annoints therewith But against maggettes the pouder of brimstone and tar mixt togither ouer a soft fire To annoint also for hurts there is no better medecine As Virgil in his Georgiques sheweth and saith If any beast be hurt Or rutby subtiltis With any yron or with staffe Upon the griefe shal sée For vnderneath the skin The euil is often hiâ— Where plaisters doeth not molliffe And skin not opened If it be not cut they cut it and melts of wax and grease togither and heales it therewith which grease is also good against the scab mixing therewith brimstone pouder Also if any shéepe haue the feuer or red water it is good to let them blood in the claw of the foote or betwixt the two clawes for that helpeth verie much and Virgil saith For to helpe the feuer open the vaine Beneath in the foote and he shal mend againe Some shéepheards let them blood vnder the eye and on the eares Others lets him blood on the vain vnder the taile and then bindes of hearbe grace vnto it beaten with a litle salt and to giue the iuyce of camamile with ale or wine is good Shéep are also tormented in the féete or claw two maner of wayes one is by filth the other by the worme which bréedes therein And if the worme doe waxe big it wil wax so sore that the shéepe cannot wel goe but halt This worme bréeds commonly before iust betwéene the two foreclawes the head therof is like a tuft of haires growing togither and wil stick out afore there is no shéep but hath a shew
Aristolochia stampe the leaues and strainde and giuen with a litle water Shéepe oftentimes wil haue the glaunders a sneueling at their noses which comes from their lunges that neither bloodletting nor drinkes can remedie them Therefore if it continue two daies or more to separate him kil him were the best For the other as wel males as females are so nice that in smelling where hée hath sneueled sodeinly they are taken with the same euil Yet maister shepheards say it rather commeth of pouertie in winter then otherwise for it chiefely sheweth of those which haue béene brought low in winter before And at the spring time it wil show when as they begin to mend And hee which haue béene brought lowest wil haue it most vehement Some shéepe wil runne at the nose like a thin water and those which haue it sorâ— wil haue a thicke matter or sneuel hang at their nose readie to stoppe their winde and those are in danger to die it they be not soone holpen Some doe vse to take a sticke and therewith takes out all that hee can get and so makes them cleane when any occasion is and thereupon they doe amend Some other doe giue them the iuyce of bitony with honied water and makes them take it Also the herbe cald bucks berde which groweth higher then that which is cald in latin Picnocomon This groweth in forrests and shades and hath floures and séeds like a bucks beard his leaues like great parsley this herbe stampt giuen with wine is maruellous good against al cold or fleme in any part of their bodies For lambes hauing the feuer or any other grief if their be sicke the shepheard ought not to let them remain with they dammes for feare of giuing them the like disease Therefore it were best to draw some milke of the yoong and put vnto it so much of rain water and make the sick lambes to swallow it downe Some doe giue them of goates milke with a horne and to kéepe them warme for that time There is also a certain scab which runnes on the chin the which is properly calde of the shepheards the dartars the which wil kil them if they be not remedied This kinde of scab commeth by the negligence of the shepheards when as they doe suffer them to féede on grasse couered with dew which is euil and ought not to be permitted or suffered When this do chance ye shal destroy this scab which is on the mousell and lippes like as the flying fire which was afore named to remedy this is to take salt and hysope in like portion beateÌ„ togither and therewith all to fret and chafe the palet of the mouth the toong and al ouer the mousel or with selfe heale or 〈◊〉 foile then wash the scab with vinegar and afterward anoint it with tarre and hogges grease mixt togither Some do mixt a third part of verdegrease two parts of old grease and to kéep it coole they vse this medicine folowing Some do stampe the leaues of cipres in water and therwith do wash the pallet of the mouth and the sores Some shepheards do iudge this kinde of scabbe to be a kinde of pocke which wil commonly be as wel on the brisket as on his chin and as they do say it is taken by féeding after hogs which haue the swine pocks which they do but anoint them with tarre and hogges grease melted togither and so they recouer againe and if they be not holpen in time one shéepe wil infect all the rest in short space And for the comon scab some takes the pouder of brimstone with the rootes of cipres â—ixt and beaten togither by euen portions and mixe therewith also of blancht rasis of camphire and waxe and mixe it all togither and make an ointment thereof and therwith rub the scab thrise all togither Then shall yee wash it all ouer with lée salt water mixt togither and then after wash it with common water but the common shepheardes doe take nothing but tarre mixt with some fine grease There comes a scabbines also among lambes being halfe 〈◊〉 yéere old as toward winter or the next fall of the leafe yée shal in some places haue al your lambes scabby or the most thereof which cause is as shepheards doe say when the rammes be scabby that gets them all those lambes will be scabby at the next fall They do heale it in greasing them with tarre mixt with two partes of fresh grease or neates féete oyle or goose grease if ye can haue it for that is best There is also another scabbines which chaunce some times on the mousels of shéepe and yoong tegges and that comes as shepheards doe say where as there is great plentie of furres and gorse that by the eating of the tops and floures thereof they prick their lips and mousel Wherby commeth these sorts of scabs the which they heale by nointing it with fresh butter Some takes the iuyce of plantaine and fresh grease boilde togither and therewith anoint them If the wool of shéepe after a scabbines do go of as in some places the wool wil go cleane off To make it grow againe and fil the foresaid place Some shepheards doe vse to grease them with tar mixt with some other thing as butter oyle goosegrease or fresh grease for far alone is sharpe a fretter and whealer without it be mixt with some of those things afore said to make him run the better Some do vse to make the wool come soone again to mix with tar and oyle the foote of a cawdrons bottome and some doe mix with oile a litle tar the pouder of a burnt daffadil roote or the pouder of the water lilly roote or the roote of the water clote which hath abroad leafe on yâ— water Or garden cresse beaten with mustard laid too or the herbe crow foote staÌ„pt with oile laid too these do cause both wool or haire to come again in any pild place Séep wil commonly haue the cough which comes froÌ„ the lungs if it be vehement ye must giue him therfore in yâ— morning with a horne a litle oile of swéet almonds mixt with a litle white wine giue it warm giue him new straw and make him to eate of the clot herbe growing on lands Some do call it horse hoofe and this cough taketh them commoÌ„ly in the spring If they chance to haue it at any other time theÌ„ giue them fene gréeke bruised wich comin Also all these are good against the cough as to take thrée or foure leaues of mallowes dride and boilde in milke and giuen with a horne which is excellent or ginnepar leaues sod in wine strainde and giuen Also the iuice of the great nettle stampt strainde with wine and giuen warme All these are good against a cough which makes them leane Shéepe oftimes are troubled by a blood toward the canicular daies the which blood
the spring it cometh with a swelling in the belly and foming at the mouth and sodainly the shéepe will fall downe in the way The remedy is Take a quantitie of rue and another of rosemarie and boyle them in milke or in new ale for that is the better and when it is a little boilde then stampe it and then straine it and so giue it milke warme vnto the shéepe but before yee giue it pricke him vnder the tongue and make it bléede if ye can and he shal do wel There is also oftentimes a giddines in sheepe which doth take them in their heads as shepheards do iudge if it bee the bladder ye shall find it soft vnder your finger and there ye must cut it as is afore said or the worme vnder the horne which is likewise afore declared For any other paine or giddines these are special good Take the iuice of iuie leaues and put thereof into his eare and bind it fast for casting out Or the iuice of cackcospit in like case warme Or the iuice of hegtaper cald foxe gloue put it into the eare The iuice of wilde time stampt with ale straind and giuen Or the iuice of sowbred calde in latin panis porcinus distild in at the nose into the head doth purge both the head and the braine of the shéepe Against water in the body or belly ye shall stampe and straine of two peny grasse giue it with wine boild Against any water in the head boyle purcelin in honted water straind and so giuen All these aforesaid are good against water in any part of the body Also they saye when the téeth of sheepe waxelong and euen it is a signe of age in them For the worme in the guts SOme shéep wil haue a long worme in his guts and also â—lambs of a quarter old which bréedeth of some raw humor the signes are he wil forsake his meat sit most coÌ„monly bowing his head to his belly he wil often grone his belly wil swel shortly wil die theron if he be not holpe The remedy take a quantitie of the iuice of horehound with some léeke blades albrused so giue it Or to giue him the powder of wormeséed in some maluesie Also the powder of sauin finely beaten and giuen in wine or ale Shéep sometimes wil be lowsie and haue lice like hog lice which breed sometimes by much wet sometimes by hunger and pouerty and sometimes they may haue lice in lying among hogs and then ye shal sée them rubbing scratching with their hornes and so wil teare their wooll in many places The remedy take quicksiluer kilde in oile oliue or spettle therwith annoint your sheep or the pouder of white ellebory and mixe it with sallet oile and therwith annoint Or boile it in vinegar and wash the shéep therewith Or take the powder of stauesaker and mixe it with oile oliue annoint therwith Or ye may take fresh grease sope tar melt together therwith annoint Al these afore said are good against shéep that are lowsie There is sometime on the end of the yowed tets a certaine smal mote or scab with a black head hanging vnto it a hard mattry string like flegme which is within the tet and it wil slop her milke that of some yow the lambe can draw no milke Wherefore the shepheard must sée to al such things in tamming time or els some lambs are like to starue Some shepheards say that a horned ram is il to get lambs for the yowes are at lamming time in more danger of deliuerance because the lambs haue long stubbed hornes before they are lambd wherby in the lambing time they put the yowes in more danger therfore the net ram is counted more better Some shéep wil haue a water bladder vnder their chin which ye shall féele to be soft which wil breed in moist times of winter by féeding on moist places shepheards haue no other common remedy but to launce it a little and then to tar it There be some lambs their pesill is clouen I can learne no remedy but kéepe it cleane til he be big and annoint it with tar and then to kil him for he wil die at the length How for to know the age of a shéep she being of one shere she wil haue two broad téethafore at the second shere shee will haue iiii broad teeth afore at the third shere she will haue vi broad téeth afore and at the fourth shere shee will haue viii broad teeth afore and thus ye may know the age of all sheepe by their teeth Sheep are cald ouis in latin which word cometh of sacrificing in the old time The sheep is a beast good profitable for many coÌ„modities for the vse of a man as commoÌ„ly is known among all men in this countrie and others If the rams be put vnto the yowes when the winde is in the north the yowes will bring males and if the winde be in the south if the yowes he then couered they will bee female lambs Also such a colour as the vaine is vnder the rammes tongue of such colour shal the lambe be when he is lambde and when old sheepe are moued to generation in vnordinate times shepheards say it is a good signe And if young sheep be so moued they say it is a taken of some generall pestileÌ„ce among them that yeare following Also Aristotle saith shéepe do commonly conceiue in drinking-water and therefore some shepheards do giue them salt and do force them to take it which doth cause them to conceiue the rather and salt will kéepe them longer safe and sound without sickenes They do also giue them in haruest Cucurbitas and such hearbes with salt which will increase much milke in their vdderns If your sheepe be made to fast three daies and then giue them meat they will soone after waxe fat in sommer cold water coming out of the north springes is good for them to drinke and in haruest warme water coming out of the south shall be good for them and then to eate in the later part of the day or night is also good for sheepe And those sheepe which are driuen and trauell farre do soone waxe leane and shepheards wil perceiue those that will best endure out the next winter folowing for some sheepe are so feeble they are not able to shake of the I se from their backes and some will suffer none thereon but still shake it off The sheepe which be nourished in watry places their flesh is not so holesome as others nourished in drye groundes and those foure footed beasts nourished in moysts groundes with long tailes may worse awaye with winter then those with broad tailes Also sheepe with smal and thin short wooll on their tailes may worst away with winter shepheards say the wooll of a sheepe that is wirried with the wolfe or eate thereof it is infected and the cloth made of that wooll wil
shall sée cause A bathe for Swine that haue the swine pockes THe swine pockes in hogs is an ill sore for it will runne abroad and is a scabbe verie grieuous They come to hogs sometimes by pouertie sometimes by lise in the skin and when hogs haue them they wil neuer prosper so long as they haue them And one wil infect another of them The remedies Some do vse to giue them the pouder of brimstone with stale A bathe to wash them is this Take yarrow plaintaine primrose leaues bryar leaues olde oken leaues of a yeare of water bittonis of each two handfuls boile them in two gallons of runnning water till they are all tender and then all to wash your hogs or pigs therewith and vse this once or more and it will drye them vp for it is but a corrupt water being betweene the flesh and the skinne and so growes to a scabbe How to spaye a Sowe YE shall first lay her vpon some forme or boarde then binde her mouth close with some corde then lay her on her right side so that her left side be vpwarde and then take your launcet and stréepe away the haire two inches long thrée fingers from the hinder legge and likewise from the edge of her flanke then with the point of your launcet cut a flope her bellie through the skinne two inches long and a halfe so that you may put in your fore finger towards her backe and there you shall feele two curnels as bigge as acornes on both sides the birth and with the toppe of your finger hooke or draw the one to the slitte then cut the string with your knife and so take forth the other likewise If then yee can not easily finde them ye shall with your finger draw softly forth some of the smal trailes so ye shal finde them and then cut them off and put in the trayles with your finger againe then strike away the bloud and stitch vp the slit againe with a strong threede but beware her guts and then annoint thereon with tarre and so let her goe And they doe vse to geld young Boares in holding them betwixt their knées the Boares rump vpward and resting vpon his fore féet and then puts out the right stone and cuts it crosse ouer the stone on the midst and so pushes it forth and cuts of the string at the right end and so doe likewise with the left stone and then anoint them with tarre thereon and let him goe and they shall doe well The manner of spaying of Coltes Sheepe and Sowes whereof I will briefly speake somewhat more YE shall vnderstande that Mare coltes are commonly spayed within nine dayes after they are folde if they be older it is not so good for they say in spaying it will bee the harder to reach with his finger and to doe that thing wel for in taking forth the birth if it perish the colt wil die soone after Also in spaying a yeawe is daungerous if yee hurt the bagge of birth or perishe any part of her tallow shee is like to die soone after The spaying of a Sow is not so daungerous as the other but maie eastlie be done in taking good heede Also in the spaying of these cattell when ye haue cut the flanke toward the hinder ribbes two fingers long slopewise yee shall put and feels with your forefinger on both sides the bagge or birth certaine knots like kyrnels or clusters like grapes which doe cleaue to both the sids of the bag or birth vnder the raines or rumpe which yee shall touche them with your forefinger and laye them downe softly to the wounde and so plucke them out and cut it off and cast it away which is but a small string they hang by Thus shall ye doe in likewise to the other side of the bagge or birth when they be out cut of the string and it is done If ye perish the bagge or birth she wil soone die after what beast so euer it be Ye shal note also in the stitching vp the wound if ye stitch the guts withall she wil die soone after as I haue seene except she be soone ript and stitched againe which is done by rash spayers of beasts in stitching the guttes and the skin together and so the beastes wil pine away and die within few daies after Thus much here I haue seene and learned for the spaying of these cattel Also the nature and ordering of Hogges ASow will haue pigges at a yeere old and she wil cōtinue good sixe yeres when she is with pig ye shall put the bore from her for he wil hurt the pigs in her belly and make her to cast them The bore wil brim at sixe moneths old at eight moneths and after three or feure yeeres yee may gelde him A Sowe shoulde not bring vp aboue sixe or eight pigs to bring vp more it wil make her soone faile A Sow great with pig ought to haue sties by themselues For if a sow do eate her pigs it is no wonder for swine can least away with hunger for they are hoate beasts a sow should not goe abroade in nine or ten daies after her farrowing the wrinckled tailes of hogs is signe of sound hogs Also after ye cut or geld giue them no drinke and but a little meate In spaying looke that the skin be sound iust and close vp and then annoint it with a little fresh greace or fresh butter note also if ye plucke bristles on the backe of a hog if there be blood in the endes thereof he is not then in health If a hogge bée sicke of a feuer he wil hang his head on the one side and sodaine staie be giddy and fal Mark which side he holdes his head then cut his contrary eare and lette him bleede Likewise two ynches from the rumpe let him blood vnder the tayle but first with a small wande beate his tayle and then he will bleede the better Which blood yee shal stop with the barke of willow bounde about it so keepe him in the stie a day or two after and giue him warm water mixed with Barley flower When a Hogge is not well giue him Polypody or Oake ferne rootes boyled in beere or ale for that wil purge him of flegme and some choler which cōmonly swine are most troubled withal Against sicknes of the lungs put the roote of Fetterwoort through their eares it wil help them against the mezell Some husbands say if yee nayle plates of ledde in the bottome within their troughes it wil preserue and keepe them from being meazell Also the common medicine is allum brimstone red oaker and Bay beries of eche like and put thereto a handful of hare foote beaten altogether with some madder and put al into a bagge and cast it into their water or wash which they drinke and so renew it twise a yere Moreouer some husbands hold opinion that the mezelry to hogs comes not only thorow heate in
certaine stopping in some of their tets which is a hard matter like a strawe of flegme which will be in the cundit of the teat with a little blacke head some will sticke so fast that the kid or lambe cannot drawe it foorth and so long they can haue no milke Therefore must the shepheards sée to all such things at the lamming or kidding time or els the lambs and kids are like to starue Let the kéeper also looke vnto his goats that the females be not chast or hunted when they be great with kids for if they be they will be in danger of the misturning the kids in their bellies which causeth the kids oftentimes to die put the goats in great ieopardy so likewise with yowes great with lamb if they be chast being great it turnes their lambs in their bellies and makes many miscary in lambing time Thus much for the kéeping and ordering of goates If a sheepe be bitten with any dog ye shal clip away all the wooll thereabout nigh vnto the place and then clap on a plaister of pitch and it will heale it To heale a tetter which is a drie scabbe YE shall take the rootes of sorrell wild or tame slice them and bruse them a litle and soke them in good vinegar two daies and two nights then rub the sore therwith iiii or v. times a day and then let the roots so remaine in the vinegar stil Use this and it wil help Or take the gum of chery trées and resolue it in strong vinegar and rub the sore therewith and this wil helpe Also Acerabacca brused and laid in vinegar to annoint doth the same Againe the herbe cald pricmadam growing commonly on walles stampt with barrowes grease and so remaine two daies and then annoint therewith doth like helpe Or bolearmeniac mixt with sope and then to annoint therewith All these are good against tetters either for sheepe or goats Lambs cutting coming late in the yeare or kids IF ye haue any lambs that come in the end of maye or in Iune the fly wil be busie if ye then cut them◠to defend the flye ye shal mixe fresh grease and soote together For the soot being sharpe wil kéepe away the flye and so annoint the cod therewith and he shall do wel To helpe goates or sheepe that haue an itch YE shall take of young broome the tendrest yee can gette and put a good quantitie thereof into a pot with chambe◠lye then stop it close and so let it remaine And when as ye shall haue anie cause to occupie therof shed ouer the wool on the sheepe◠backe and annoynt therewith so that it may goe downe to the skinne This is soone made and of small charge and is more better than tarre and fresh greace For it will fasten the wooll kil the scab also destroy the tikes Often proued quoth Balgroue To feede a lambe from the Dam. A Lambe taken from the Dam so nourished by hand he may soon perish although ye feede it very wel except ye looke vnto his dunging For I haue knowen some beeing stopt die thereof for lacke of looking to Ye shal open annoint his tuell with butter or oyle and so rake him or els giue him spurge with milke or centory in milke A proued medicine against the staggers in sheepe TAke of house leke called Singréene the roote of Dragon a like quantitie Some groundes of strong ale with some new milke stampe the herbes and then boyle them wel altogether Then put thereto a few grains grossly beaten and so let it haue a boyle or twoo after so lette it coole and giue eche shéepe two or thrée spoonful thereof milke warme and this wil helpe The Table for sheepe Goates by Alphabet as followeth A AGe in sheepe how to know Age of sheepe by number of teeth Altering thy stocke to helpe 211 Aristotles precepts for sheepe 240 Other sayings of Aristotle B BElting of sheepe 231 Bying of sheepe to know Byting sheepe with a dogge to helpe Bledder in the heade of sheepe to helpe 230 Blindnesse in sheepe to help 229 Blood in sheepe to helpe 229 Bloode in the codde of lambes to helpe Blood in sheepe another 230 Breeding of sheepe 211 Brething straite in sheepe 225 Broome salue to annoint sheepe with 221 Bones broken to helpe 225 C Chusing of rammes Chusing good sheepe Coller troubling sheepe 224 Cough in sheepe to helpe 228 Cough another way to helpe 229 Clouen pesyll 243 Crampe in a sheepe to helpe 19 Couller of sheepe best Cutting or gelding of lambe 256 D DEuiding of sheepe 236 Doggs meete for some sheepeherds 231 Drinke in sommer for sheepe Dropsie in goats to helpe E EAning of yeaues to ease Eawes chast great with lambe not good Eawes to make them loue their lambs 232 Eawes that loue not their lambs 236 Eaning time to take good heed of Eawes going with lambe 237 Eawes great not to be chasts F FAtting of sheepe Female lambs to haue 210 Feuer in sheepe to helpe 222 Fleame in sheepe to helpe 225 Folding of sheepe 236 folding of sheepe another G GAll in sheepe to helpe 249 Gald in the foote to helpe 223 Glanders in sheepe to helpe 226 Goats their nature feeding Goat buckes hauing beards Gelding lambs Goat buckes soone waxe olde Goats with kidde not to be chast Goats when best to be couered Goats how for to nourish Goats hauing the dropsie to helpe Goats being diseased to helpe Gouernment of sheepe Grasse for sheepe among fallows 239 Goats inflamed in the skinne Goats that haue the pestilence to helpe H HAw in the eie of sheep to help Head pained to helpe Hearbs euill for sheepe 225 Hearbes holesome for sheepe 249 Horned rams and their nature Houses meet for sheepe Hoggerels and young sheep do not like I IAundis in sheep to helpe 224 Itch in sheepe to helpe 246 L Lambs being sicke to helpe 226 Lambs scabby to helpe 227 Lambs weake to helpe 234 Lambs what time best to wean 225 Lambs eating the leafe to help Lambs which come in the spring Laming time how to know 240 Lambs to haue blacke or spotted 240 Lambing time to take heed of 233 Lice on sheepe to kill 242 Long sicke in sheepe to help 223 Lambs coming late to cut Lambs stopt to looke vnto M MAle lambs to haue 216 Maggots on sheep to help 232 Another for the same Medicines good for sheepe 219 Medicines against an itch 221 Meat sufficient for sheepe 212 Meat or pasture for Goats Milke to increase in sheepe 235 N NOrishing of sheepe 207 O OYntment or greasing of sheepe P PAsture ground for sheepe 215 Pens made to diuide sheepe Pestilence in sheepe to helpe 219 Poxe a disease in shepe to help 231 Poyson among sheep to helpe 233 Purcines in sheep to help Prouerbe of pastures for sheep For sheepe that haue lost their quide to help 248 R RAcks meete for sheepe Rams how to choose Rams of estimation 210 Rams how