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madam_n katherine_n preston_n daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o thomas_n preston_n of_o holker_n esq._n though_o this_o digression_n be_v foreign_a to_o a_o natural_a history_n yet_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v pardon_v it_o since_o i_o can_v not_o well_o pass_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o building_n some_o water_n we_o have_v which_o cast_v up_o marine_a shell_n as_o latham_n spa_n do_v former_o but_o that_o be_v troublesome_a to_o the_o drinker_n have_v be_v prèvent_v by_o lay_v millstone_n upon_o the_o spring_n so_o that_o the_o sand_n and_o shell_n can_v boil_v up_o so_o high_a as_o former_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o vitriolic_a chalybeates_n and_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o salt_n river_n whence_o therefore_o these_o shell_n come_v may_v be_v worth_a our_o enquiry_n and_o a_o clear_a decision_n of_o that_o may_v far_o illustrate_v those_o other_o marine_a shell_n find_v in_o marle_n as_o the_o echini_n cochleae_fw-la torcular_n whilk_n and_o periwinkle_n of_o which_o i_o have_v great_a number_n by_o i_o and_o take_v they_o myself_o out_o of_o firm_a marl_n at_o three_o fathom_v deep_a some_o be_v entire_a other_o break_v but_o all_o soft_a and_o friable_a yet_o grow_v hard_a as_o coral_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n the_o decision_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v upon_o the_o origin_n of_o fountain_n i_o think_v it_o a_o pardonable_a digression_n if_o i_o a_o little_a expatiate_v on_o that_o subject_n before_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a case_n spring_n by_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n be_v suppose_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o dew_n rains_n and_o mist_n imbibe_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o form_v into_o various_a current_n which_o be_v those_o we_o common_o call_v spring_n now_o this_o be_v a_o notion_n inconsistent_a with_o reason_n i_o can_v adhere_v to_o it_o for_o be_v this_o hypothesis_n true_a it_o will_v hence_o follow_v in_o the_o various_a season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o summer_n and_o winter_n they_o will_v vary_v very_o much_o in_o their_o current_n as_o to_o quantity_n which_o in_o several_a spring_n be_v not_o discernible_a second_o several_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o mine_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n deep_a than_o the_o dew_n and_o rains_n be_v suppose_v to_o descend_v three_o some_o country_n abound_v with_o spring_n where_o dew_n and_o rains_n be_v never_o know_v to_o fall_v from_o all_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a continual_a spring_n can_v never_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o rains_n and_o dews_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o they_o either_o proceed_v from_o the_o ocean_n or_o a_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o the_o learned_a dr._n woodward_n adhere_v to_o and_o can_v such_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v out_o his_o hypothesis_n will_v be_v undeniable_a but_o such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o abyss_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v discover_v in_o nature_n and_o that_o what_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v only_o from_o moses_n that_o divine_a philosopher_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o inspire_a legislator_n may_v take_v the_o abyss_n we_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v whether_o the_o ocean_n in_o general_n or_o a_o subterraneous_a collection_n of_o water_n equal_a to_o it_o and_o keep_v a_o communication_n with_o it_o as_o dr._n woodward_n suppose_v wherefore_o we_o rather_o assert_v what_o the_o great_a aristotle_n suppose_v concern_v spring_n that_o they_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o sea_n of_o this_o caesar_n have_v a_o clear_a demonstration_n when_o he_o invade_v this_o island_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n where_o by_o dig_v in_o the_o sand_n he_o be_v instant_o supply_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o by_o filter_v through_o the_o sand_n become_v sweet_a the_o saline_a particle_n stick_v in_o the_o sand._n a_o phaenomenon_n like_v to_o this_o be_v observe_v when_o that_o great_a general_n duke_n schomberg_n encamp_v upon_o a_o plain_n call_v the_o melt_v near_o hile-lake_n this_o grant_v then_o that_o spring_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o may_v bring_v up_o marine_a shell_n and_o unless_o this_o be_v allow_v i_o think_v the_o phaenomenon_n can_v otherwise_o be_v fair_o illustrate_v but_o how_o this_o become_v a_o mineral_n water_n be_v from_o the_o mineral_n bass_n from_o which_o it_o spring_v against_o this_o hypothesis_n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o material_a objection_n viz._n if_o fountain_n have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o sea_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v spring_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o hydrostatic_a experiment_n water_n will_v not_o natural_o rise_v above_o its_o level_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v no_o wise_a demonstrable_a that_o there_o be_v any_o mountain_n high_o than_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n since_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o globe_n of_o equal_a magnitude_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a those_o mountain_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o aqueous_a particle_n may_v be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o produce_v spring_n there_o and_o yet_o this_o particular_a instance_n do_v no_o way_n invalidate_v the_o general_a hypothesis_n in_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o generality_n of_o spring_n and_o not_o each_o particular_a fountain_n it_o be_v true_a subterraneous_a eruption_n of_o water_n especial_o after_o earthquake_n as_o at_o port-royal_a in_o jamaica_n and_o at_o kirby_n in_o furness_n in_o lancashire_n have_v happen_v which_o have_v drive_v down_o house_n and_o rock_n of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o many_o team_n of_o ox_n can_v not_o move_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v there_o be_v a_o subterraneous_a abyss_n of_o water_n to_o this_o i_o say_v it_o be_v not_o certain_a whether_o these_o come_v from_o the_o ocean_n or_o from_o a_o abyss_n and_o shall_v not_o therefore_o pretend_v to_o determine_v it_o but_o shall_v proceed_v to_o what_o i_o next_o propose_v and_o that_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o mineral_n water_n in_o do_v of_o which_o i_o begin_v with_o those_o impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n the_o vitriol_n spring_n in_o the_o kennel-pit_n at_o haigh_n when_o i_o first_o try_v it_o yield_v a_o ounce_n of_o vitriol_n from_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n nay_o it_o be_v so_o high_o implete_v with_o vitriol_n that_o any_o common_a alkaly_n will_v raise_v a_o fermentation_n with_o it_o and_o cause_v a_o precipitation_n the_o vitriol_n it_o yield_v be_v white_a for_o the_o great_a part_n though_o there_o be_v some_o green_a mix_v with_o it_o it_o be_v not_o now_o of_o that_o strength_n several_a fresh_a spring_n have_v break_v in_o which_o yet_o may_v easy_o be_v divert_v of_o this_o the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n our_o warden_n have_v be_v frequent_o a_o eye-witness_n notwithstanding_o this_o dr._n lister_n with_o unequalled_a assurance_n tell_v the_o world_n vitriol_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o water_n in_o england_n but_o that_o all_o water_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a taste_n be_v only_o impregnate_v with_o a_o pyrite_n which_o we_o vulgar_o call_v firestone_n germinate_v in_o the_o water_n and_o this_o must_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o world_n as_o implicit_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o philosophy_n for_o any_o man_n to_o oppose_v he_o he_o brand_v he_o straight_o with_o the_o character_n of_o mean_a and_o impudent_a and_o such_o like_a opprobrious_a epithet_n a_o language_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o unaccountable_a for_o one_o of_o his_o gown_n and_o dignity_n for_o my_o part_n what_o i_o relate_v be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o the_o dr._n may_v be_v full_o convince_v if_o he_o please_v if_o not_o it_o be_v no_o fault_n of_o i_o and_o since_o i_o can_v as_o firm_o believe_v the_o germination_n of_o the_o pyrite_n in_o our_o chalybeat_a water_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v to_o be_v like_o that_o of_o mint_n in_o bottle_n of_o water_n i_o hope_v the_o dr._n will_v pardon_v my_o infidelity_n till_o he_o give_v i_o better_a ground_n for_o it_o at_o which_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o offer_v any_o far_a than_o a_o capricious_a ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n call_v humblesco-green_a in_o a_o small_a farm_n in_o maudsley_n be_v a_o spring_n impregnate_v with_o sulphur_n and_o a_o marine_a salt_n the_o water_n be_v extreme_o foetid_v tinge_v silver_n a_o copper_n colour_n by_o its_o sulphur_n in_o distillation_n a_o quart_n of_o water_n yield_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o sulphur_n salt_n this_o spring_n no_o question_n will_v answer_v all_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o sulphur_n water_n near_o knaseborough_n in_o yorkshire_n either_o as_o
shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a crystal_n have_v a_o smell_n much_o like_o that_o of_o natural_a balsam_n which_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o scarlet_a sulphur_n that_o precipitate_v in_o the_o water_n by_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n this_o water_n have_v a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o agate_n colour_n have_v be_v experiment_a in_o scorbutic_a case_n and_o answer_v the_o desire_a end_n the_o hanbridge_n water_n a_o small_a spring_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o burnley_n and_o townley_n yield_v a_o natron_n or_o natural_a alcali_n as_o those_o bourbon_n water_n in_o france_n cite_v by_o monsieur_n du-closs_n and_o another_o alcalious_a salt_n which_o like_o a_o terebinthinate_a or_o resinous_n body_n will_v melt_v with_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o reason_n why_o this_o salt_n melt_v by_o heat_n be_v only_o from_o a_o volatile_a bitumen_n unite_v with_o it_o for_o the_o salt_n be_v long_o keep_v in_o a_o glass_n vial_n will_v not_o melt_v by_o any_o moderate_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o be_v then_o pure_o alcalious_a the_o bitumen_n be_v whole_o evaporate_v as_o i_o find_v in_o my_o observation_n at_o townley_n this_o water_n at_o the_o fountain_n with_o gall_n yield_v a_o tincture_n incline_v to_o a_o faint_a orange_n if_o keep_v any_o considerable_a time_n in_o glass_n bottle_n a_o perfect_a citrine_n contain_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o natron_n of_o any_o in_o these_o part_n purge_n by_o stool_n and_o urine_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o stone_n and_o scurvy_n as_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a person_n who_o in_o those_o case_n have_v try_v they_o with_o great_a success_n the_o water_n near_o emmet_n which_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o those_o forementioned_a water_n be_v of_o a_o vitriolate_a taste_n and_o sulphureous_a smell_n which_o with_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n yield_v a_o white_a precipitate_v which_o no_o other_o water_n in_o those_o part_n will_v do_v nor_o any_o in_o france_n as_o the_o french_a virtuoso_n have_v observe_v and_o indeed_o only_a those_o at_o spada_n in_o germany_n and_o if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v high_o worth_a our_o time_n by_o frequent_a and_o strict_a trial_n both_o in_o case_n in_o physic_n and_o experiment_n in_o chemistry_n to_o find_v out_o the_o principle_n and_o use_v of_o it_o which_o may_v perhaps_o save_v we_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o tedious_a fatigue_n to_o spada_n at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v there_o a_o salt_n prepare_v from_o a_o water_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o have_v exact_o the_o smell_n of_o hipposelinum_n or_o horse-parsley_n a_o phaenomenon_n never_o yet_o observe_v in_o any_o salt_n before_o this_o smell_n proceed_v from_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o bituminous_a saline_a and_o terrene_a particle_n for_o what_o remain_v after_o evaporation_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n and_o contain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o terrene_a matter_n but_o the_o salt_n when_o separate_v be_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n dr._n lister_n may_v here_o again_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o error_n for_o not_o only_o the_o water_n in_o lancashire_n but_o those_o likewise_o in_o yorkshire_n contain_v perfect_a concoct_v vitriol_n nay_o in_o the_o same_o coal-mine_n near_o burnley_n there_o be_v spring_n of_o perfect_a vitriol_n and_o under_o these_o other_o that_o contain_v natron_n or_o egyptian_a nitre_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a ingenious_a gentleman_n full_o demonstrate_v to_o i_o when_o i_o be_v last_o there_o another_o salt_n the_o say_a richard_n townley_n of_o townley_n esq_n show_v i_o which_o be_v perfect_a salt-petre_a prepare_v from_o a_o very_a rapid_a spring_n a_o gallon_n of_o which_o contain_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o this_o salt_n which_o upon_o chrystallization_n shoot_v like_o salt-petre_a from_o india_n into_o long_a striae_fw-la and_o fulminate_v with_o sulphur_n this_o salt_n he_o have_v from_o a_o gentleman_n that_o discover_v the_o spring_n but_o at_o present_a conceal_v the_o place_n so_o that_o what_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v allege_v in_o affirm_v no_o water_n in_o england_n to_o contain_v salt-petre_a be_v erroneous_a let_v other_o retract_v when_o they_o think_v convenient_a for_o my_o part_n i_o fair_o own_o my_o error_n and_o from_o repeat_v observation_n can_v positive_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o marine_a salt_n but_o what_o contain_v more_o or_o less_o of_o indian_a nitre_n but_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o method_n of_o prepare_v it_o so_o tedious_a it_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o far_a use_n than_o to_o satisfy_v the_o curious_a enquirer_n but_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v from_o the_o before_o recite_v spring_n may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a treasure_n as_o well_o as_o secret_n in_o nature_n the_o next_o mineral-water_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v those_o spring_v out_o of_o bass_n and_o sulphureous_a only_o of_o these_o the_o most_o note_a be_v one_o near_o a_o place_n call_v inglewhite_n this_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o black_a bass_n which_o by_o calcination_n i_o find_v to_o contain_v sulphur_n the_o water_n have_v a_o very_a sulphureous_a smell_n as_o strong_a as_o that_o near_a harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n but_o contain_v little_a or_o no_o salt_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o purgative_n like_o that_o but_o by_o add_v the_o like_a proportion_n of_o common_a salt_n to_o it_o viz._n about_o a_o dram_n to_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n that_o inconvenience_n be_v remedy_v and_o then_o you_o have_v either_o sulphureous_a bath_n or_o purge_v water_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o add_v the_o bitter_a purge_a salt_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a have_v now_o examine_v all_o the_o various_a water_n spring_v out_o of_o bass_n we_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o give_v account_n of_o saline_a sulphureous_a water_n arise_v out_o of_o other_o mineral_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v first_o with_o the_o sulphur_n water_n near_o wigan_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n the_o burning-well_a this_o be_v a_o very_a divert_v phaenomenon_n and_o for_o its_o rarity_n be_v visit_v by_o most_o person_n who_o curiosity_n lead_v they_o to_o natural_a inquiry_n it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o wigan_n in_o a_o village_n call_v aucliff_n in_o the_o ground_n of_o william_n mollineux_n of_o that_o place_n esq._n the_o well_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o water_n cold_a and_o without_o any_o smell_n when_o any_o person_n come_v to_o see_v it_o a_o man_n clear_v the_o well_o from_o all_o its_o water_n that_o do_v you_o will_v immediate_o hear_v a_o hiss_a noise_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o it_o and_o by_o hold_v a_o light_a candle_n near_o to_o it_o the_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la immediate_o take_v fire_n and_o afterward_o spread_v itself_o upon_o what_o water_n have_v issue_v in_o and_o it_o be_v only_o then_o indeed_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v the_o burning-well_a it_o be_v observable_a though_o this_o sulphureous_a halitus_fw-la continual_o mix_v with_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n continue_v cold_a nor_o will_v it_o thing_fw-mi silver_n wherefore_o i_o imagine_v this_o halitus_fw-la be_v pure_o sulphureous_a consist_v only_o of_o oily_a inflammable_a particle_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o vitriol_n or_o if_o any_o but_o inconsiderable_a and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o suppose_v this_o kind_n of_o sulphur_n to_o impregnate_n the_o bath_n at_o buxton_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o these_o and_o the_o sulphur_n wells_n at_o maudsley_n and_o those_o at_o harrigate_n in_o yorkshire_n which_o be_v all_o sulphureous_a and_o yet_o all_o cold_a water_n that_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o sulphur_n water_n become_v hot_a viz._n by_o collision_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a particle_n when_o in_o the_o spiracle_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o have_v not_o a_o free_a open_a passage_n they_o beat_v and_o dash_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o by_o that_o collision_n grow_v hot_a as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o rub_n of_o the_o phosphorus_n which_o immediate_o take_v fire_n likewise_o in_o new_a hay_n and_o in_o wheel_n take_v fire_n by_o motion_n only_o for_o to_o imagine_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n to_o proceed_v from_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a fire_n be_v no_o wise_a consistent_a with_o experience_n which_o after_o all_o our_o hypothesis_n must_v be_v the_o true_a touchstone_n of_o our_o reason_n the_o forego_v instance_n may_v convince_v the_o world_n that_o sulphureous_a particle_n grow_v hot_a without_o ignition_n and_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o all_o hot_a bath_n be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v but_o for_o a_o far_a illustration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n take_v this_o follow_a experiment_n let_v some_o brimstone_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n immediate_o upon_o its_o take_a flame_n stop_v
the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o flame_n expire_v yet_o by_o the_o sulphureous_a fume_n dash_v upon_o each_o other_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n wax_v warm_a a_o certain_a signal_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o where_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v deny_v a_o passage_n or_o where_o they_o force_v their_o way_n through_o uneven_a sinuosity_n by_o beat_v upon_o and_o encounter_v one_o another_o a_o heat_n must_v be_v produce_v as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o convex_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n browne_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o mine_n in_o hungary_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n it_o be_v extreme_o cold_a in_o other_o so_o intense_o hot_a that_o though_o his_o clothes_n be_v never_o so_o thin_a the_o heat_n will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o the_o miner_n work_v all_o naked_a and_o eight_o hour_n be_v as_o much_o as_o most_o can_v endure_v the_o heat_n in_o these_o water_n can_v arise_v from_o fermentation_n because_o no_o fermentation_n can_v be_v discover_v in_o they_o nor_o by_o any_o experiment_n either_o in_o distillation_n precipitation_n or_o any_o other_o method_n can_v i_o ever_o observe_v such_o a_o contrariety_n of_o matter_n in_o they_o that_o one_o part_n will_v ferment_n upon_o another_o so_o as_o to_o cause_v any_o sensible_a heat_n from_o subterraneous_a fire_n they_o can_v proceed_v because_o in_o these_o part_v such_o be_v never_o know_v or_o be_v there_o any_o can_v not_o but_o discover_v themselves_o since_o no_o fire_n will_v burn_v without_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o there_o must_v likewise_o be_v flue_n and_o chasm_n whence_o they_o vent_v their_o smoke_n and_o feculent_a part_n but_o since_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o disclose_v in_o these_o part_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o bath_n shall_v grow_v hot_a by_o any_o such_o cause_n and_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o bath_n may_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v by_o the_o collision_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n what_o necessity_n be_v there_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o any_o such_o unwarrantable_a hypothesis_n as_o a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o water_n or_o to_o subterraneous_a fire_n those_o two_o notion_n be_v late_o espouse_v by_o dr._n guidot_n and_o dr._n pierce_n of_o bath_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v those_o gentleman_n rather_o fancy_v than_o observe_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n for_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v have_v they_o make_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o those_o water_n they_o will_v never_o have_v trouble_v the_o world_n with_o such_o chimerical_a hypothesis_n dr._n pierce_v indeed_o do_v not_o much_o trouble_v himself_o or_o the_o world_n with_o any_o scrutiny_n into_o the_o content_n of_o the_o bath_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o they_o but_o only_o give_v you_o a_o instance_n from_o savoy_n which_o be_v as_o remote_a as_o that_o place_n to_o his_o undertake_n and_o as_o for_o dr._n guidot_n he_o be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o himself_o that_o unless_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o reconcile_a contradiction_n i_o be_o sure_a his_o thermae_n britannicae_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v for_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o as_o any_o wise_a arrogate_a a_o great_a genius_n to_o myself_o or_o to_o lessen_v those_o worthy_a person_n but_o only_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o if_o they_o please_v to_o do_v the_o same_o i_o despair_v not_o of_o their_o pardon_n have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o sulphureous_a saline_a water_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o saline_a one_o only_o as_o those_o at_o northwich_n namptwich_n middlewich_n dunham_n in_o cheshire_n and_o barton_n in_o lancashire_n various_a have_v be_v the_o notion_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o spring_n some_o imagine_v they_o proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n other_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n which_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v discover_v and_o first_o make_v useful_a by_o myself_o in_o refine_n that_o rock_n to_o a_o white_a granulated_a salt_n which_o be_v now_o practise_v in_o many_o place_n these_o spring_n sometime_o break_v out_o in_o the_o rock_n but_o often_o either_o above_n or_o under_o it_o some_o of_o they_o in_o a_o quart_n of_o water_n contain_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o ounce_n of_o salt_n whence_o its_o plain_a that_o quatenus_fw-la salt-spring_n they_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o sea_n because_o a_o quart_n of_o the_o best_a of_o that_o water_n afford_v seldom_o above_o a_o ounce_n and_o half_n of_o salt_n some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v thing_fw-mi with_o gall_n but_o most_o refuse_v it_o whence_o its_o plain_a dr._n lister_n in_o his_o usual_a manner_n be_v much_o mistake_v in_o force_v the_o pyrite_n upon_o we_o it_o be_v true_a from_o the_o sulphureous_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o fermentation_n betwixt_o this_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o sulphur_n contain_v in_o the_o salt_n but_o that_o no_o wise_a warrant_n a_o pyrite_n since_o that_o be_v a_o aggregate_v of_o different_a principle_n viz._n ochre_n and_o vitriol_n beside_o sulphur_n which_o body_n by_o the_o dr_n own_o confession_n salt_n do_v not_o contain_v which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a notion_n he_o lay_v down_o about_o those_o water_n and_o that_o he_o may_v assume_v as_o a_o observation_n of_o his_o own_o it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o the_o salt_n make_v from_o the_o brine-spring_n and_o the_o rock-salt_n dissolve_v in_o fresh_a water_n that_o these_o salt_n will_v shoot_v into_o different_a figure_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o brine-spring_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o be_v discover_v but_o from_o rock_n of_o salt_n that_o lie_v deep_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n beside_o in_o different_a spring_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o differ_v as_o some_o in_o middlewich_n from_o those_o at_o northwich_n where_o by_o chrystallization_n they_o shoot_v into_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n so_o that_o the_o sal_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la as_o the_o dr._n style_v it_o be_v like_a to_o lose_v its_o character_n nay_o rock-salt_n itself_o will_v never_o shoot_v into_o any_o regular_a figure_n at_o all_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v aver_v these_o salt-spring_n have_v not_o their_o saltness_n from_o any_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n yet_o know_v it_o follow_v therefore_o if_o they_o be_v not_o saturate_v either_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o from_o subterraneous_a rock_n of_o salt_n we_o may_v then_o form_v another_o hypothesis_n and_o conclude_v they_o to_o arise_v from_o aerial_a saline_a particle_n impregnate_v a_o proper_a bass_n and_o so_o by_o various_a solution_n and_o impregnation_n keep_v a_o continual_a circulation_n and_o so_o constant_o supply_v we_o and_o what_o chief_o give_v umbrage_n to_o this_o be_v the_o renascence_n of_o marine_a salt_n which_o be_v so_o prodigious_o make_v out_o by_o untzerus_n in_o his_o account_n of_o those_o mountain_n of_o salt_n that_o supply_n russia_n persia_n mesopotamia_n media_n and_o those_o vast_a country_n which_o as_o he_o affirm_v every_o year_n vegetate_n and_o the_o place_n whence_o the_o salt_n be_v dig_v be_v the_o year_n follow_v as_o full_a of_o salt_n as_o before_o phaenomena_n like_v to_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o vitriol-stone_n near_o hesse-cassel_n and_o in_o those_o iron-mine_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n as_o be_v relate_v by_o fallopius_n beside_o the_o marine_a salt_n these_o spring_n do_v likewise_o contain_v the_o nitrum_fw-la calcarium_fw-la its_o observable_a the_o salt_n of_o some_o of_o these_o spring_n will_v not_o easy_o precipitate_v but_o a_o little_a alum_n and_o fresh_a butter_n will_v effect_v it_o and_o then_o it_o make_v a_o large_a grain_n and_o strong_a salt_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o these_o salt_n there_o be_v likewise_o observe_v a_o white_a sand_n which_o be_v throw_v to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o pan_n and_o this_o by_o frequent_a evaporation_n and_o filtration_n i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o bass_n out_o of_o which_o these_o salt-spring_n arise_v the_o most_o note_a purging-water_n in_o these_o part_n be_v those_o in_o a_o village_n call_v rougham_n adjacent_a to_o the_o remarkable_a sand_n which_o be_v the_o great_a road_n into_o furnace_n nine_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o at_o each_o springtide_n entire_o cover_v with_o water_n these_o in_o calm_a wether_n afford_v we_o very_o pleasant_a travel_v but_o in_o tempestuous_a season_n no_o less_o dismal_a than_o we_o can_v suppose_v the_o wild_a desert_n of_o arabia_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n near_o these_o the_o water_n issue_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a plentiful_a current_n it_o be_v a_o little_a brackish_a take_v inward_o it_o purge_v both_o by_o urine_n
extraordinary_a use_n in_o scrofulous_a case_n either_o in_o powder_n or_o decoction_n spatula_fw-la foetida_fw-la grow_v in_o some_o part_n but_o very_o rare_a lamium_fw-la album_fw-la grow_v in_o several_a place_n and_o be_v a_o good_a anti-strumatic_a dulcamara_n grow_v very_o common_a and_o be_v a_o antiscorbutic_a good_a in_o the_o jaundice_n and_o dropsy_n the_o bark_n of_o it_o be_v use_v and_o that_o in_o infusion_n upon_o the_o draining_n of_o martin-mere_a several_a unusual_a plant_n be_v observable_a never_o before_o see_v in_o these_o part_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o grass_n which_o grow_v to_o a_o prodigious_a length_n and_o be_v as_o sweet_a as_o liquorice_n this_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n fatten_v sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n and_o make_v they_o very_o delicious_a food_n but_o then_o they_o must_v be_v slaughter_v out_o of_o it_o when_o thorough_o fatten_v otherwise_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v rot_v and_o die_v which_o distemper_n by_o what_o i_o can_v observe_v in_o the_o dissection_n of_o those_o creature_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o anasarca_n or_o dropsy_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o in_o these_o we_o have_v the_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o discover_v the_o lymphatic_a vessel_n which_o if_o thorough_o know_v both_o as_o to_o their_o uses_n and_o rise_v will_v bring_v matter_n in_o physic_n very_o near_o to_o a_o demonstration_n and_o in_o hydropic_a case_n may_v save_v the_o live_v of_o several_a person_n by_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o distemper_n in_o those_o creature_n erysimum_fw-la we_o have_v in_o these_o part_n and_o it_o be_v of_o use_n in_o asthma_n consumption_n and_o dropsy_n feverfew_n grow_v common_a a_o note_a anticsteric_a and_o diuretic_n white_a hoar-hound_n likewise_o and_o be_v a_o excellent_a pectoral_a scabios_fw-la be_v plentiful_a and_o tragopogon_n or_o goatsbeard_n of_o great_a use_n in_o consumptive_a case_n centaury_n and_o celandine_n be_v very_o common_a and_o be_v use_v in_o the_o jaundice_n and_o intermit_a distemper_n asarum_fw-la grow_v in_o several_a place_n and_o likewise_o arum_fw-la or_o wake_n robin_n its_o water_n be_v a_o antiscorbutic_n and_o the_o root_n be_v use_v in_o distemper_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o pica_n virgin_n enula_n campana_n be_v very_o common_a as_o likewise_o bistort_v echium_n and_o bugloss_n we_o have_v both_o the_o hispidum_fw-la and_o glabrum_fw-la and_o hieracia_n of_o several_a sort_n particular_o the_o lactescens_n which_o deserve_v our_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o its_o virtue_n of_o which_o the_o botanist_n have_v not_o take_v notice_n water-plantain_n grow_v common_a and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o arthritic_n case_n we_o have_v likewise_o the_o plantago_n rotundi-folio_n other_o plantain_n be_v common_a which_o in_o the_o autumnal_a season_n be_v apt_a to_o collect_v a_o white_a powder_n from_o the_o air_n about_o which_o time_n intermit_a distemper_n be_v general_o epidemical_a this_o powder_n have_v no_o peculiar_a taste_n i_o have_v give_v it_o to_o dog_n and_o cat_n but_o never_o find_v any_o effect_n from_o it_o ebulum_fw-la or_o dwarf-elder_n grow_v in_o several_a place_n and_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o hydropic_a case_n there_o be_v several_a other_o plant_n in_o these_o county_n but_o these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o their_o virtue_n in_o physic_n i_o have_v only_o give_v a_o account_n of_o they_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n the_o other_o be_v already_o describe_v at_o large_a by_o the_o incomparable_a dr._n morrison_n mr._n ray_n dr._n plackenet_n dr._n sloane_n dr._n robinson_n and_o mr._n dale_n wherefore_o for_o a_o full_a and_o entire_a satisfaction_n in_o those_o matter_n to_o those_o eminent_a and_o learned_a author_n refer_v the_o reader_n as_o to_o fossil_a plant_n dr._n woodward_n in_o his_o essay_n towards_o a_o universal_a natural_a history_n seem_v not_o to_o give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o a_o total_a dissolution_n of_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o universal_a deluge_n than_o by_o the_o observation_n he_o have_v make_v upon_o plant_n discover_v in_o rock_n but_o since_o this_o hypothesis_n labour_v under_o so_o many_o unanswerable_a difficulty_n i_o can_v till_o more_o pregnant_a proof_n be_v produce_v adhere_v to_o it_o nor_o can_v we_o reasonable_o suppose_v a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o yet_o conceive_v these_o to_o be_v keep_v entire_a that_o very_a instance_n in_o coal-mine_n be_v a_o demonstration_n against_o it_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o instance_n i_o have_v now_o by_o i_o of_o a_o stony_a substance_n of_o the_o exact_a resemblance_n and_o magnitude_n of_o a_o cockleshell_n find_v many_o yard_n in_o stone_n yet_o much_o light_a than_o any_o cockleshell_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n which_o can_v never_o be_v perform_v by_o specific_a gravitation_n as_o the_o dr._n allege_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o imagine_v a_o dissolution_n of_o most_o solid_a rock_n and_o body_n of_o more_o obdurate_a substance_n this_o sure_o must_v be_v effect_v by_o some_o peculiar_a menstruum_fw-la distinct_a from_o water_n and_o why_o then_o in_o the_o name_n of_o common_a reason_n shall_v not_o plant_n run_v the_o same_o risk_a that_o menstruum_fw-la that_o can_v make_v so_o severe_a a_o impression_n and_o disunite_v those_o compact_a body_n will_v certain_o have_v easy_o reduce_v plant_n to_o ruin_v that_o there_o be_v a_o disruption_n of_o the_o strata_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o reasonable_a to_o allow_v and_o likewise_o that_o various_a body_n float_v in_o that_o general_a inundation_n but_o that_o these_o plant_n be_v any_o argument_n for_o a_o dissolution_n or_o that_o they_o be_v the_o exuviae_fw-la of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o rock_n in_o these_o part_n be_v only_o find_v polypody_n wall-rue_n scolopendrium_n or_o leave_v of_o thorn_n doubtless_o other_o plant_n as_o well_o as_o these_o will_v have_v occur_v to_o our_o observation_n have_v these_o be_v deposit_v here_o by_o noah_n deluge_n again_o these_o leave_n be_v never_o find_v double_v which_o certain_o in_o so_o dismal_a a_o confusion_n as_o the_o deluge_n be_v will_v have_v happen_v have_v they_o here_o be_v deposit_v in_o that_o general_a catastrophe_n my_o sentiment_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v this_o that_o as_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o chemistry_n that_o the_o salt_n of_o some_o plant_n will_v divaricate_v themselves_o into_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o plant_n that_o these_o representation_n of_o plant_n in_o rock_n be_v nothing_o but_o different_a concretion_n of_o saline_n bituminous_a and_o terrene_a particle_n and_o i_o be_o far_a confirm_v in_o this_o hypothesis_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o capsulae_fw-la they_o be_v find_v in_o seldom_o fail_v to_o afford_v we_o that_o mixture_n various_a specimen_n we_o have_v of_o these_o in_o rock_n in_o these_o county_n in_o one_o particular_o near_o ormskirk_n in_o lancashire_n in_o which_o scolopendrium_n may_v be_v see_v exact_o delineate_v this_o be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o mr._n william_n barton_n apothecary_n in_o that_o town_n and_o be_v as_o i_o remember_v in_o some_o rock_n near_o latham_n belong_v to_o the_o r_o t_o hon_fw-fr ble_fw-fr william_n earl_n of_o derby_n to_o who_o i_o be_o infinite_o oblige_v for_o the_o honour_n do_v i_o in_o have_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v frequent_o physician_n to_o his_o lordship_n and_o to_o that_o unparalleled_a youth_n his_o son_n the_o r_o t_o hon_fw-fr ble_fw-fr james_n l_o d_o strange_n there_o be_v other_o rock_n in_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v leave_n of_o thorn_n as_o in_o some_o rock_n near_o heesham_n and_o in_o the_o coal-pit_n near_o burnley_n in_o lancashire_n these_o be_v all_o the_o repute_a plant_n that_o i_o have_v find_v remarkable_a in_o these_o part_n have_v now_o fair_o illustrate_v it_o to_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o these_o plant_n shall_v be_v the_o exuviae_fw-la of_o the_o deluge_n but_o rather_o concretion_n of_o matter_n or_o the_o disport_n of_o nature_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v expect_v by_o some_o that_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o universality_n of_o the_o deluge_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o of_o the_o total_a destruction_n of_o all_o its_o inhabitant_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o a_o scheme_n of_o the_o most_o principal_a among_o they_o the_o first_o be_v of_o the_o jew_n who_o extend_v the_o universality_n of_o the_o deluge_n not_o only_o to_o all_o the_o terrestrial_a creature_n but_o the_o fish_n they_o say_v be_v suffocate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o rain_n and_o water_n which_o break_v out_o of_o the_o deep_a fountain_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v other_o also_o among_o the_o jew_n who_o deny_v this_o universality_n of_o the_o deluge_n not_o only_o to_o all_o terrestrial_a
the_o same_o effect_n nay_o even_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n that_o fall_v from_o its_o leave_n be_v of_o so_o poisonous_a a_o nature_n as_o to_o blister_v and_o inflame_v the_o skin_n here_o doubtless_o be_v more_o than_o a_o bare_a contexture_n of_o earth_n and_o without_o question_n the_o most_o corrode_a sulphureous_a and_o penetrate_a particle_n we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o beside_o be_v vegetation_n from_o earth_n alone_o i_o can_v see_v how_o one_o plant_n can_v be_v distinguish_v from_o another_o wherefore_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v rational_a to_o infer_v that_o the_o body_n which_o the_o dr._n call_v earth_n consist_v of_o as_o many_o different_a body_n as_o that_o which_o the_o chemist_n call_v water_n so_o that_o from_o either_o of_o these_o two_o body_n simple_o consider_v as_o such_o it_o be_v equal_o absurd_a to_o derive_v vegetation_n but_o these_o two_o body_n do_v indisputable_o consist_v of_o variety_n of_o corpuscle_n e._n g._n saline_n terrene_a aerial_a and_o bituminous_a and_o as_o the_o vessel_n in_o plant_n by_o their_o various_a orifice_n and_o contexture_n admit_v of_o different_a proportion_n of_o these_o so_o according_o the_o plant_n be_v different_o modify_v and_o from_o their_o different_a digestion_n and_o proportion_n receive_v its_o form_n colour_n substance_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o this_o hypothesis_n we_o may_v account_v for_o plant_n physical_a poisonous_a fragrant_a foetid_v and_o of_o other_o kind_n hence_o jalop_n and_o scamony_n a_o sort_n of_o spurge_n in_o the_o west-indies_n by_o their_o resinous_a saline_a particle_n become_v purgative_a and_o if_o take_v in_o too_o large_a quantity_n poisonous_a the_o same_o may_v be_v affirm_v of_o laureola_fw-la aloe_n spurge_n senna_n and_o agaric_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o dissection_n of_o those_o creature_n to_o which_o nightshade_n nux_fw-la vomica_fw-la calculus_fw-la indicus_n and_o water-hemlock_n be_v give_v that_o the_o poison_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o acrimonious_a saline_a particle_n corrode_a and_o inflame_v the_o stomach_n of_o which_o the_o learned_a wafer_n give_v we_o various_a instance_n other_o by_o exalt_a sulphur_n quit_v from_o saline_a particle_n doubtless_o become_v fragrant_a aromatic_a and_o cordial_a be_v by_o their_o size_n and_o figure_n which_o we_o presume_v to_o be_v spherical_a the_o more_o ready_o adapt_v to_o assist_v the_o animal_n spirit_n by_o their_o activity_n when_o these_o sulphur_n become_v point_v with_o salt_n it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o the_o plant_n become_v foetid_v and_o unpleasant_a as_o the_o stink_a garden_n orach_n and_o herb_n robert_n i_o may_v likewise_o account_v for_o the_o heat_n blistering_n and_o other_o quality_n of_o herb_n but_o those_o be_v in_o part_n do_v before_o and_o not_o proper_o within_o the_o verge_n of_o this_o undertake_n i_o shall_v not_o recapitulate_v but_o to_o the_o ingenious_a sr._n john_n floyer_n of_o lichfield_n on_o that_o head_n refer_v the_o curious_a in_o who_o work_n they_o may_v find_v variety_n of_o experiment_n on_o those_o subject_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o experiment_n which_o dr._n woodward_n have_v make_v relate_v to_o vegetation_n be_v exact_a as_o well_o as_o learned_a he_o have_v beside_o the_o dispendium_fw-la of_o the_o water_n in_o so_o many_o day_n full_o demonstrate_v the_o plant_n to_o have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a weight_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v be_v from_o earth_n but_o then_o as_o i_o affirm_v before_o the_o question_n be_v what_o he_o call_v earth_n for_o if_o by_o that_o he_o mean_v a_o pure_a simple_a element_n viz._n a_o body_n consist_v only_o of_o one_o size_n and_o figure_n than_o from_o what_o have_v be_v hint_v before_o it_o be_v as_o absurd_a to_o deduce_v vegetation_n from_o that_o as_o from_o water_n i_o shall_v only_o beg_v leave_n to_o add_v a_o experiment_n or_o two_o and_o so_o conclude_v i_o take_v the_o seed_n of_o nymphaea_n or_o water-lil_o when_o full_a ripe_a and_o put_v they_o in_o glass_n vial_n in_o which_o they_o continue_v twelve_o month_n i_o add_v fresh_a water_n to_o they_o as_o the_o other_o evaporate_v the_o seed_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o both_o vial_n stand_v erect_v and_o emit_v a_o pellucid_a mucilage_n which_o stand_v in_o opposite_a globule_n near_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o seed_n the_o water_n deposit_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o green_a and_o earthy_a matter_n but_o the_o seed_n never_o vegetate_v or_o sprout_v at_o all_o though_o this_o be_v a_o water_n plant._n from_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o beside_o earth_n and_o water_n bare_o consider_v as_o such_o other_o body_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o vegetation_n of_o various_a plant_n and_o probable_o to_o this_o a_o fat_a sulphureous_a ouze_n in_o which_o it_o usual_o grow_v and_o have_v root_n of_o a_o immense_a magnitude_n some_o i_o have_v see_v as_o thick_a as_o the_o thigh_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o pond_n at_o tabley_n in_o cheshire_n when_o it_o be_v drain_v where_o the_o remain_a earth_n or_o mud_n which_o be_v black_a and_o foetid_v be_v whole_o overspread_v with_o they_o this_o instance_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o hypothesis_n that_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o concern_v the_o vegetation_n of_o plant_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v those_o extraordinary_a improvement_n make_v by_o chandler_n ash_n consist_v of_o oily_a and_o saline_a particle_n as_o likewise_o the_o impost_n of_o malpighius_n prepare_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o sheep_n dung_n pigeon_n dung_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o nitre_n of_o which_o i_o see_v a_o instance_n the_o last_o year_n at_o edgecroft_n in_o lancashire_n by_o which_o from_o a_o four_o part_n of_o seed_n in_o the_o most_o barren_a part_n of_o the_o field_n i_o see_v a_o very_a luxuriant_a crop_n it_o may_v do_v well_o for_o our_o gentry_n who_o inhabit_v their_o country_n seat_n and_o husbandman_n thorough_o to_o consider_v this_o since_o the_o right_a application_n of_o it_o to_o a_o proper_a soil_n may_v be_v of_o so_o great_a advantage_n and_o who_o know_v what_o this_o even_o in_o the_o most_o cold_a and_o barren_a ground_n may_v effect_v which_o hitherto_o for_o the_o great_a part_n have_v lie_v useless_a but_o beside_o what_o be_v here_o offer_v their_o interest_n may_v be_v a_o more_o incite_v argument_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o can_v there_o be_v have_v a_o more_o ample_a demonstration_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n than_o even_o from_o water_n and_o earth_n themselves_o how_o common_a be_v it_o to_o observe_v earth_n by_o be_v long_o pen_v up_o to_o emit_v sulphureous_a effluvia_fw-la hence_o we_o have_v foetid_v smell_v by_o open_v of_o ditch_n and_o sluice_n and_o hence_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o in_o consumptive_a case_n from_o plough_v ground_n that_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n be_v pasture_n many_o person_n have_v receive_v benefit_n which_o must_v assure_o proceed_v from_o sulphureous_a benign_a particle_n loosen_v from_o their_o cell_n and_o convey_v to_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o by_o their_o activity_n obtund_v the_o saline_a particle_n that_o make_v the_o coagulum_fw-la and_o in_o short_a prevent_v the_o putrefaction_n which_o bring_v on_o a_o phthisis_fw-la or_o consumption_n and_o as_o to_o water_n nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o it_o to_o grow_v nauseous_o foetid_v by_o long_o keep_v which_o phaenomenon_n sufficient_o evince_v the_o existence_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n in_o that_o element_n beside_o some_o sulphureous_a water_n in_o four_o day_n by_o be_v close_o stop_v become_v extreme_o foetid_v as_o st._n ann_n at_o buxton_n in_o derbyshire_n which_o expose_v to_o open_a air_n alter_v not_o at_o all_o nor_o have_v the_o least_o ungrateful_a smell_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o those_o sulphureous_a effluvia_fw-la which_o have_v spend_v themselves_o in_o a_o free_a air_n be_v now_o force_v by_o their_o confinement_n to_o unite_v with_o saline_a particle_n and_o thence_o by_o their_o point_n grate_v upon_o the_o organ_n and_o be_v foetid_v and_o offensive_a it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o these_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v pen_v up_o in_o any_o aquaduct_n that_o then_o by_o their_o collision_n upon_o one_o another_o they_o become_v excessive_a hot_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o hot_a bath_n at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n in_o the_o bishop_n of_o leige_n country_n be_v cause_v by_o retard_v the_o hot_a spring_n with_o a_o stoppel_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o by_o give_v it_o vent_v the_o water_n be_v render_v very_o hot_a and_o even_o too_o intense_a to_o be_v endure_v this_o instance_n far_o confirm_v our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o heat_n in_o bath_n and_o by_o this_o phaenomenon_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o same_o essay_n be_v put_v in_o practice_n at_o buxton_n the_o bath_n there_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o
have_v be_v no_o section_n make_v at_o b._n but_o the_o part_n below_o b._n to_o the_o body_n increase_v not_o at_o all_o figure_n five_o represent_v a_o young_a hazet_n cut_v into_o the_o body_n with_o a_o deep_a gash_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n above_o and_o below_o cleave_v upward_o and_o downward_o and_o the_o splinter_n a._n and_o b._n by_o wedge_n keep_v off_o from_o touch_v each_o other_o or_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n these_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o state_n represent_v in_o the_o six_o figure_n that_o be_v the_o splinter_n a._n above_o the_o gash_n be_v grow_v very_o much_o but_o the_o splinter_n b._n below_o stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o grow_v not_o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n at_o c._n grow_v as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o gash_n make_v figure_n seven_o represent_v a_o like_a gash_n make_v just_a above_o the_o lowermost_a knot_n and_o the_o part_n splinter_v or_o cleave_v and_o wedge_v off_o from_o each_o other_o and_o from_o the_o body_n as_o before_o but_o there_o be_v leave_v a_o branch_n upon_o the_o low_a splinter_n to_o see_v what_o will_v be_v the_o state_n there_o of_o the_o next_o year_n or_o in_o october_n next_o when_o it_o be_v probable_a by_o the_o other_o experiment_n the_o low_a splinter_n and_o branch_n upon_o it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o have_v grow_v and_o increase_v as_o the_o splinter_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n do_v above_o the_o gash_n though_o not_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n figure_n eight_o represent_v four_o young_a poplar-tree_n a._n b._n c._n d._n all_o of_o equal_a bigness_n growth_n situation_n and_o soil_n as_o near_o as_o can_v be_v find_v these_o be_v order_v as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o 9th_o figure_n that_o be_v a._n have_v all_o its_o branch_n and_o top_n cut_v off_o b._n have_v all_o its_o branch_n prune_v off_o but_o it_o be_v leave_v with_o a_o small_a head_n at_o the_o top_n c._n have_v its_o branch_n cut_v about_o half_a way_n and_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a half_n leave_v grow_v d._n be_v leave_v grow_v without_o be_v at_o all_o prune_v or_o lop_v the_o event_n be_v expect_v the_o success_n be_v find_v to_o be_v thus_o a._n in_o the_o follow_a year_n shoot_v out_o many_o twig_n round_o about_o but_o the_o body_n increase_v but_o little_a in_o height_n or_o bigness_n b._n shoot_v out_o likewise_o many_o twig_n where_o it_o have_v be_v prune_v and_o the_o top_n branch_n and_o top_n also_o increase_v considerable_o and_o the_o body_n also_o increase_v much_o more_o in_o height_n and_o bigness_n than_o do_v the_o former_a a._n c._n increase_v much_o more_o in_o all_o its_o part_n than_o b._n but_o d._n increase_v in_o limb_n height_n and_o bigness_n most_o of_o all_o swell_v in_o bigness_n and_o stretch_v in_o height_n and_o spread_v in_o its_o bough_n much_o more_o than_o c._n and_o in_o about_o ten_o year_n time_n be_v more_o than_o four_o time_n as_o big_a as_o a._n the_o same_o worthy_a person_n also_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o poplar_n that_o have_v be_v prune_v die_v in_o the_o great_a frost_n 1684._o in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o 25_o that_o be_v so_o order_v he_o observe_v 19_o to_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o and_o remain_v to_o be_v very_o weak_a and_o hardly_o able_a to_o recover_v and_o increase_v very_o little_a in_o the_o follow_a year_n these_o poplar_n be_v about_o 30_o foot_n high_a and_o have_v only_o a_o small_a head_n leave_v at_o the_o top_n unlop_v of_o about_o 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n and_o be_v prune_v the_o spring_n before_o the_o great_a frost_n he_o observe_v also_o that_o divers_a of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v prune_v two_o summer_n before_o the_o frost_n be_v kill_v by_o it_o but_o not_o one_o of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v prune_v at_o all_o be_v hurt_v by_o it_o he_o take_v notice_n likewise_o both_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n that_o tree_n of_o 60_o foot_n in_o height_n that_o have_v be_v prune_v and_o have_v only_o a_o small_a top_n leave_v be_v also_o kill_v by_o the_o say_a frost_n whereas_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o height_n which_o stand_v near_o to_o they_o and_o have_v not_o be_v prune_v continue_v to_o flourish_v and_o suffer_v no_o harm_n thereby_o several_a of_o those_o branch_n of_o about_o a_o inch_n diameter_n and_o tree_n that_o have_v be_v bark_v round_o as_o above_o thespring_n before_o the_o great_a frost_n outlive_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o precede_a winter_n where_o these_o prune_n have_v be_v try_v upon_o tree_n twenty_o foot_n high_a the_o difference_n of_o their_o increase_n be_v sensible_a the_o follow_a summer_n but_o in_o 7_o or_o 8_o year_n time_n the_o difference_n be_v prodigious_a the_o unpruned_a tree_n grow_v several_a time_n big_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v prune_v both_o in_o body_n and_o branch_n even_o to_o admiration_n he_o have_v often_o observe_v also_o that_o when_o the_o top_n branch_n will_v shoot_v out_o and_o grow_v two_o foot_n or_o more_o in_o length_n the_o low_a branch_n will_v not_o shoot_v above_o four_o inch_n and_o far_o that_o in_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o scotch-firr_a the_o joint_n above_o the_o ring_n bark_v round_a will_v increase_v and_o grow_v much_o big_a in_o three_o than_o they_o will_v in_o five_o year_n if_o the_o say_a ring_n be_v not_o cut_v of_o the_o same_o reason_n upon_o discourse_v some_o other_o particular_a inquiry_n about_o the_o spread_a and_o increase_n of_o the_o root_n assure_v that_o he_o have_v observe_v a_o very_a large_a pinaster_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o half_a diameter_n and_o of_o a_o height_n proportionable_a viz._n of_o about_o 20_o yard_n the_o low_a bough_n of_o which_o be_v about_o 30_o foot_n above_o the_o ground_n do_v spread_v and_o flourish_v on_o every_o side_n alike_o though_o it_o have_v no_o root_n at_o all_o towards_o three_o quarter_n of_o its_o situation_n but_o only_o towards_o one_o quarter_n into_o which_o it_o spread_v its_o root_n very_o far_o and_o large_a divers_a of_o they_o reach_v above_o 70_o or_o 80_o foot_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o spread_v be_v occasion_v by_o its_o be_v plant_v just_a within_o the_o square_a angle_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o a_o deep_a thick_a and_o strong_a stone_n wall_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bank_v or_o warf_n against_o a_o river_n that_o run_v by_o it_o this_o tree_n i_o say_v though_o it_o have_v nourishment_n only_o from_o one_o quarter_n of_o four_o to_o its_o root_n yet_o do_v the_o same_o flourish_n and_o spread_v equal_o on_o every_o side_n upon_o consideration_n of_o these_o and_o divers_a other_o observation_n and_o experiment_n mr._n brotherton_n be_v of_o opinion_n 1._o that_o the_o sap_n most_o of_o it_o if_o not_o all_o ascend_v in_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o lignous_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o not_o in_o the_o cortical_a part_n nor_o between_o the_o cortical_a and_o lignous_a part_n 2._o that_o increase_n and_o growth_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o thickness_n be_v by_o descent_n of_o the_o sap_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ascent_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o descent_n a_o tree_n will_v increase_v but_o very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o 3._o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a circulation_n of_o the_o sap_n all_o the_o summer_n season_n and_o during_o such_o time_n as_o the_o sap_n be_v stir_v and_o not_o a_o descent_n at_o michaelmas_n only_o as_o some_o have_v hold_v to_o i_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o body_n of_o plant_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o move_a animal_n be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v by_o a_o double_a food_n the_o one_o a_o impregnated_a water_n and_o the_o other_o a_o impregnated_a air_n and_o that_o without_o a_o convenient_a supply_n of_o these_o two_o the_o vegetable_a can_v subsist_v at_o least_o not_o increase_v these_o do_v mutual_o mix_v and_o coalesce_v and_o part_n of_o the_o air_n convert_v to_o water_n and_o part_n of_o water_n to_o air_n as_o some_o of_o these_o latter_a be_v rarify_v and_o free_v from_o their_o chain_n and_o become_v spiritual_a and_o airy_a so_o other_o of_o the_o forementioned_a be_v clog_v and_o setter_v and_o become_v debase_v to_o this_o purpose_n all_o plant_n as_o well_o as_o animal_n have_v a_o twofold_a kind_n of_o root_n one_o that_o branch_n and_o spread_v into_o the_o earth_n and_o another_o that_o spread_v and_o shoot_v into_o the_o air_n both_o kind_n of_o root_n serve_v to_o receive_v and_o carry_v their_o proper_a nourishment_n to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o both_o serve_v also_o to_o convey_v and_o carry_v off_o the_o useless_a recrement_n useless_a i_o mean_v any_o far_a within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n though_o useful_a to_o it_o
which_o have_v a_o ferment_a virtue_n and_o leau'n_n a_o past_a expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o at_o that_o time_n say_v pliny_n and_o le_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a of_o nitre_n and_o sand_n vanssebius_fw-la and_o several_a say_v that_o though_o 500_o in_o a_o day_n die_v at_o grand_fw-fr cairo_n of_o the_o plague_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n yet_o the_o very_a day_n after_o there_o do_v not_o one_o die_v which_o doubtless_o can_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o air_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o volatile_a alkaly_n for_o at_o that_o time_n the_o nitre_n pit_n grow_v full_a and_o this_o dew_n fall_v this_o i_o think_v may_v sufficient_o hint_n to_o we_o the_o great_a use_n of_o its_o volatile_a spirit_n especial_o in_o pestilential_a distemper_n last_o about_o that_o time_n the_o nile_n begin_v to_o overflow_v those_o specimen_n which_o we_o have_v here_o grow_v heavy_a by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o alkaly_n be_v not_o make_v so_o by_o fire_n i_o can_v therefore_o conclude_v with_o helmont_n that_o all_o alkaly_n be_v make_v so_o by_o that_o element_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o separation_n from_o the_o water_n in_o latron_n of_o which_o the_o learned_a dr._n huntingdon_n who_o be_v at_o nitria_n give_v we_o this_o account_n there_o be_v a_o town_n in_o egypt_n call_v nitria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o nitrian_a desert_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n call_v latron_n take_v up_o a_o area_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o acre_n situate_v about_o thirty_o mile_n west_n and_o by_o south_n from_o terena_n a_o town_n low_a upon_o the_o nile_n than_o grand_a cairo_n and_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n northwest_o from_o the_o pyramid_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o lake_n arise_v this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n call_v natron_n to_o the_o top_n as_o they_o do_v apprehend_v and_o there_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n condense_v into_o this_o kind_n of_o substance_n that_o all_o the_o nitre_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v i_o shall_v therefore_o premise_v some_o phoenomena_fw-la it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n before_o i_o give_v you_o my_o conjecture_n about_o it_o i_o take_v a_o evaporate_n glass_n which_o hold_v about_o four_o ounce_n and_o pour_v into_o it_o two_o ounce_n of_o nitrian_a water_n this_o i_o set_v upon_o a_o sand_n furnace_n give_v it_o fire_v by_o degree_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n be_v warm_a the_o particle_n of_o nitre_n begin_v to_o swim_v upon_o its_o surface_n in_o straggle_a and_o uneven_a number_n these_o after_o a_o while_n united_n and_o afterward_o there_o arise_v a_o salt_n sufficient_a to_o colour_n the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n i_o take_v then_o a_o thin_a glass_n and_o skin_v off_o this_o ice_n but_o can_v scarce_o take_v it_o all_o of_o before_o it_o be_v second_v by_o another_o and_o thus_o the_o salt_n do_v rise_v successive_o in_o film_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n these_o film_n have_v the_o colour_n and_o taste_v of_o the_o nitre_n that_o come_v from_o nitria_n and_o do_v like_o it_o ferment_n with_o a_o acid_n and_o these_o be_v they_o which_o by_o pliny_n be_v call_v flos_fw-la salis_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o same_z with_o that_o which_o herodotus_n say_v they_o make_v their_o mummy_n with_o if_o therefore_o by_o the_o languish_v heat_n of_o a_o digest_v furnace_n the_o the_o nitrous_a particle_n can_v separate_v themselves_o from_o the_o water_n and_o over_o that_o spread_v themselves_o in_o a_o ice_n it_o may_v be_v as_o probable_a that_o by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o nitre_n of_o latron_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o water_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o as_o in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o other_o mineral_n water_n when_o the_o water_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o hold_v up_o the_o salt_n it_o be_v general_o cover_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n so_o i_o suppose_v in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o natron_n some_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v fly_v away_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n branch_v one_o into_o another_o and_o so_o incrustate_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o hypothesis_n i_o be_v the_o far_o confirm_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o take_v some_o of_o the_o natron_n and_o dissolve_v it_o in_o water_n and_o set_v it_o to_o evaporate_v and_o i_o find_v that_o the_o salt_n do_v not_o incrustate_n upon_o the_o water_n till_o three_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v evaporate_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o seem_v probable_a that_o all_o the_o nitre_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n and_o so_o condense_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o that_o they_o incrustate_v when_o the_o saline_a particle_n branch_v one_o into_o another_o some_o of_o the_o aqueous_a part_n be_v exhale_v the_o reason_n why_o its_o volatile_a alkaly_n in_o evaporation_n do_v not_o fly_v quite_o away_o be_v because_o it_o be_v hold_v there_o by_o the_o sal_fw-la marine_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o physic_n by_o pliny_n it_o be_v commend_v in_o ulcer_n and_o inflammation_n palsy_n in_o the_o tongue_n consumption_n colic_n haemorhagy_n purulent_a ear_n and_o intermit_a fever_n by_o galen_n it_o be_v say_v desiccat_fw-la &_o digerit_fw-la multo_fw-la autem_fw-la majus_fw-la ejus_fw-la spuma_fw-la by_o agricola_n its_o prescribe_a in_o the_o same_o case_n commend_v as_o a_o cephalic_a of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o gripe_a of_o the_o gut_n intermit_a fever_n and_o the_o leprosy_n mathiolus_n commend_v it_o in_o the_o same_o case_n by_o hypocrates_n it_o be_v commend_v when_o the_o menstrua_fw-la be_v obstruct_v and_o again_o say_v he_o purgat_fw-la humores_fw-la albos_fw-mi convenit_fw-la in_o abortionibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la pver_fw-la haud_fw-la exierit_fw-la he_o likewise_o commend_v it_o in_o some_o kind_n of_o barrenness_n and_o to_o this_o kircher_n in_o his_o mundus_fw-la subteraneus_fw-la allude_v when_o he_o say_v nili_n aqua_fw-la in_o potum_fw-la redit_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la saluberrimum_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o faecundandis_fw-la mulieribus_fw-la mite_n opportanum_fw-la and_o petrus_n giurius_fw-la give_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n out_o of_o caesius_n that_o when_o philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n king_n of_o the_o assyrian_n he_o command_v his_o daughter_n to_o drink_v of_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n that_o she_o may_v make_v her_o husband_n happy_a in_o a_o numerous_a offspring_n by_o the_o testimony_n therefore_o of_o hypocrates_n galen_n mathiolus_n diascorides_n pliny_n and_o agricola_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o nitre_n be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o forementioned_a author_n that_o nitre_n which_o be_v a_o ingredient_n in_o gunpowder_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v among_o the_o modern_n we_o have_v this_o account_n of_o it_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr closs_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o most_o of_o the_o mineral-water_n in_o france_n be_v impregnate_v with_o this_o sort_n of_o nitre_n and_o that_o all_o their_o cure_n be_v do_v by_o it_o molenbrochius_n affirm_v a_o tincture_n of_o aphronitum_fw-la to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a efficacy_n in_o the_o stone_n this_o i_o the_o rather_o credit_v because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o junken_a in_o his_o medicus_n the_o nitre_n of_o nitria_n be_v of_o so_o pierce_v a_o spirit_n that_o it_o will_v not_o permit_v either_o stone_n or_o rock_n to_o be_v thereabouts_o and_o ten_o rind_n in_o his_o meditation_n de_fw-fr veteri_fw-la medicina_fw-la affirm_v it_o to_o be_v of_o wonderful_a success_n in_o the_o same_o distemper_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v its_o use_n in_o agriculture_n and_o in_o treat_v of_o this_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o premise_v one_o phaenomenon_n which_o it_o afford_v in_o evaporation_n when_o the_o salt_n have_v spread_v themselves_o over_o the_o water_n in_o a_o ice_n those_o thin_a plate_n after_o a_o while_n will_v break_v and_o ascend_v in_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o do_v say_v therefore_o that_o nitre_n may_v be_v say_v to_o fertilise_v the_o ground_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v volatile_a particle_n be_v by_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n or_o else_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o do_v quick_o ascend_v into_o the_o small_a tube_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o by_o their_o elastic_a nature_n carry_v along_o with_o they_o or_o force_v before_o they_o those_o particle_n which_o as_o they_o different_o convene_v constitute_v the_o different_a part_n of_o the_o plant._n but_o this_o conjecture_n will_v be_v make_v
from_o the_o forementioned_a dane_n be_v altogether_o fictitious_a nor_o do_v i_o believe_v there_o be_v pearl_n either_o in_o brunswick_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o know_v comparable_a to_o those_o in_o east-india_n the_o mother_n of_o pearl_n of_o the_o oyster_n in_o those_o part_n be_v much_o fine_a than_o any_o discover_v here_o or_o in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o if_o so_o by_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o pearl_n must_v be_v fine_a also_o which_o be_v only_o the_o most_o refine_a part_n of_o those_o defecated_a laminae_fw-la of_o the_o shell_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o there_o be_v in_o fresh_a water_n hereabout_o muscle_n of_o the_o magnitude_n he_o mention_n which_o be_v common_o call_v horse-muscle_n of_o these_o vast_a number_n be_v find_v in_o the_o pond_n at_o tabley_n in_o cheshire_n when_o it_o be_v drain_v but_o not_o any_o of_o they_o contain_v pearl_n nor_o be_v the_o fish_n palatable_a these_o i_o think_v may_v serve_v for_o a_o full_a answer_n to_o sandius_n hypothesis_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o transgress_v long_o on_o the_o reader_n be_v patience_n but_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o phosphori_n or_o flash_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o nighttime_n frequent_o observable_a in_o muscle_n and_o oyster_n and_o so_o close_a this_o head_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o these_o fish_n abound_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o volatile_a sulphur_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o tabid_v case_n as_o in_o scorbutic_a atrophy_n they_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a use_n for_o their_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n they_o afresh_o inspirit_v and_o restore_v it_o to_o its_o due_a circulation_n and_o then_o the_o blood_n distribute_v its_o nourishment_n to_o the_o body_n which_o before_o stagnate_v in_o several_a capillary_n where_o for_o want_v of_o a_o daily_o supply_v the_o body_n emaciate_v another_o confirmation_n of_o their_o great_a quantity_n of_o sulphur_n be_v their_o extreme_a fetidness_n upon_o putrefaction_n which_o be_v as_o offensive_a as_o any_o preparation_n of_o sulphur_n whatever_o these_o grant_v and_o that_o flame_n itself_o be_v only_o a_o due_a quantity_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n put_v into_o a_o particular_a motion_n and_o then_o again_o consider_v what_o vast_a number_n of_o those_o particle_n abound_v in_o those_o fish_n and_o their_o extraordinary_a activity_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o those_o noctilucae_fw-la or_o flash_n in_o the_o nighttime_n when_o their_o particle_n be_v not_o scatter_v by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n may_v frequent_o be_v observe_v in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o some_o of_o our_o virtuoso_n make_v their_o experiment_n upon_o foetid_v oyster_n they_o may_v more_o easy_o prepare_v the_o phosphorus_n than_o from_o blood_n flesh_n or_o urine_n which_o be_v the_o common_a but_o very_o tedious_a process_n the_o echini_n be_v common_a as_o likewise_o torculars_n whilk_n and_o periwinkle_n we_o have_v likewise_o another_o fish_n shape_v like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o rabbit_n and_o thence_o call_v the_o rabbit-fish_n the_o pap-fish_n be_v common_a so_o call_v from_o the_o likeness_n it_o bear_v to_o a_o nipple_n the_o country_n people_n use_v they_o for_o their_o nipple_n when_o sore_o which_o by_o guard_v they_o from_o fret_v on_o their_o clothes_n give_v relief_n these_o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o sea-fish_n that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o these_o part_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n descend_v to_o river_n and_o pond-fish_n and_o of_o these_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o salmon_n sparling_n or_o smell_v and_o the_o char_n as_o likewise_o eel_n in_o the_o river_n reke_v near_o manchester_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v show_v the_o difference_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o generation_n and_o so_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n the_o river_n abound_v with_o great_a quantity_n of_o salmon_n but_o chief_o those_o into_o which_o the_o sea_n flow_v daily_o as_o ribble_z lune_fw-fr wire_n and_o the_o mersey_n in_o these_o there_o be_v considerable_a number_n take_v but_o the_o most_o in_o ribble_z and_z the_o lune_fw-fr concern_v the_o growth_n of_o these_o the_o opinion_n be_v various_a some_o assert_v that_o after_o the_o salmon_n leave_v the_o sea_n she_o make_v to_o fresh_a river_n and_o constant_o press_v forward_o till_o she_o gain_v the_o shallow_n and_o in_o the_o sand_n stone_n and_o pebble_n deposits_n her_o spawn_n or_o egg_n upon_o which_o the_o male_a eject_v a_o milk_n which_o fecundate_n they_o and_o so_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v begin_v which_o first_o be_v style_v a_o salmon-smelt_a the_o second_o year_n a_o sprod_n the_o three_o a_o mort_fw-fr the_o four_o a_o forktail_n the_o five_o a_o runner_n and_o the_o six_o a_o salmon_n other_o assert_v that_o the_o salmon_n come_v to_o its_o maturity_n in_o one_o year_n and_o the_o morts_fw-fr forktail_n and_o runner_n be_v a_o distinct_a species_n of_o salmon_n and_o will_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o grow_v salmon_n and_o that_o because_o as_o they_o allege_v several_a of_o these_o have_v be_v put_v into_o pond_n and_o never_o arrive_v to_o any_o other_o pitch_n of_o greatness_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o salmon_n be_v always_o best_o and_o grow_v most_o when_o they_o immediate_o leave_v the_o sea_n and_o by_o their_o continuance_n in_o fresh_a water_n they_o still_o decline_v and_o wax_v lean_a when_o they_o first_o quit_v the_o sea_n their_o flesh_n be_v firm_a and_o well-tasted_n and_o at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v often_o abundance_n of_o little_a infect_v upon_o they_o which_o the_o fisherman_n call_v the_o salmon_n louse_n and_o it_o be_v then_o that_o she_o be_v best_o in_o season_n the_o fisherman_n will_v act_o tell_v you_o by_o observe_v of_o these_o how_o long_o they_o have_v leave_v the_o sea_n but_o upon_o their_o continuance_n long_o in_o the_o fresh_n they_o become_v extreme_o lean_a and_o not_o at_o all_o palatable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a if_o these_o morts_fw-fr and_o sprod_n which_o be_v take_v into_o pond_n and_o do_v not_o increase_v at_o all_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o their_o proper_a food_n and_o so_o consequent_o instead_o of_o grow_v do_v emaciate_a for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a when_o they_o desert_v the_o salt_n water_n it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o food_n they_o expect_v in_o fresh_a river_n but_o indeed_o to_o reach_v the_o shallow_n as_o well_o for_o the_o preservation_n as_o propagation_n of_o their_o fry_n which_o in_o the_o deep_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o other_o fish_n so_o admirable_a be_v the_o conduct_n of_o providence_n even_o in_o the_o mean_a of_o creature_n though_o the_o river_n be_v frequent_o stem_v and_o barricado_v with_o wear_v of_o a_o considerable_a height_n yet_o it_o be_v wonderful_a to_o observe_v how_o they_o will_v leap_v over_o these_o to_o gain_v the_o shallow_n to_o deposit_v their_o spawn_n since_o therefore_o the_o smell_v come_v down_o from_o the_o shallow_n and_o make_v towards_o the_o salt_n water_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o fresh_a river_n be_v disagreeable_a to_o they_o and_o since_o the_o sprod_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o fish_n of_o another_o year_n growth_n and_o the_o rest_n likewise_o gradual_o till_o they_o complete_a the_o salmon_n itself_o i_o be_o rather_o incline_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o former_a opinion_n for_o why_o shall_v not_o there_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o creature_n be_v a_o gradual_a increase_n i_o apprehend_v not_o any_o convince_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a nor_o do_v i_o believe_v nature_n here_o alter_v her_o establish_a method_n in_o arrive_v to_o a_o full_a growth_n and_o maturity_n the_o next_o remarkable_a fish_n be_v the_o char_n and_o that_o be_v find_v in_o winder-mere_a in_o westmoreland_n and_o no_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o except_o in_o conningston-mee_a in_o lancashire_n this_o fish_n be_v not_o very_a unlike_o a_o trout_n only_o the_o flesh_n be_v much_o more_o red_a and_o when_o potted_a it_o be_v most_o delicious_a meat_n of_o these_o great_a quantity_n be_v yearly_o send_v to_o london_n from_o kendal_n and_o lancaster_n it_o be_v likewise_o observable_a that_o these_o fish_n be_v only_o find_v in_o one_o part_n of_o winder-mere_a the_o other_o part_n be_v destitute_a of_o they_o which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o pike_n take_v there_o in_o great_a quantity_n there_o be_v another_o fish_n take_v there_o not_o unlike_o the_o char_n but_o something_o less_o nor_o be_v the_o flesh_n quite_o so_o red_a the_o water_n be_v extraordinary_a clear_a and_o contain_v several_a small_a island_n in_o one_o of_o which_o sr._n christopher_n philipson_n once_o reside_v and_o in_o another_o a_o hermit_n a_o relation_n of_o sr._n francis_n sawcole_n who_o for_o some_o
year_n subsist_v only_o on_o root_n and_o fish_n and_o never_o go_v to_o bed_n but_o be_v now_o dead_a what_o far_o may_v be_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o char_n be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o my_o honour_a friend_n and_o relation_n sr._n daniel_n fleming_n of_o rydall_a in_o the_o county_n of_o westmoreland_n winder-mere_a say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o english_a saxon_n be_v windal-mee_a which_o some_o think_v to_o be_v so_o denominate_v from_o the_o great_a wind_n frequent_a there_o other_o from_o its_o wind_a and_o turn_v in_o and_o out_o and_o other_o from_o a_o person_n be_v name_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o thurston-mee_a now_o call_v coningston-water_n in_o lancashire_n and_o that_o of_o ulfe_n now_o style_v uls-water_n in_o cumberland_n which_o be_v both_o near_a thereunto_o which_o make_v the_o last_o conjecture_n the_o most_o probable_a this_o lough_n lake_n or_o mere_a be_v about_o a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o ten_o mile_n in_o length_n with_o great_a variety_n of_o crooked_a bank_n which_o afford_v a_o agreeable_a prospect_n it_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o produce_v many_o kind_n of_o fish_n as_o the_o char_n salmon_n pike_n bass_n perch_n eel_n etc._n etc._n this_o lake_n by_o some_o be_v place_v in_o lancashire_n but_o by_o other_o in_o westmoreland_n which_o be_v the_o more_o likely_a since_o the_o fishery_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o barony_n of_o kendal_n a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n particular_o for_o cotton_n and_o the_o most_o note_a in_o that_o county_n this_o mere_a be_v the_o large_a in_o england_n and_o look_v as_o if_o it_o be_v pave_v or_o flag_v at_o the_o bottom_n with_o square_a stone_n a_o sight_n divert_v enough_o in_o fish_v our_o learned_a clarenceux_n be_v impose_v upon_o when_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o char_n be_v a_o fish_n peculiar_a to_o winder-mere_a since_o in_o coningston-mee_a within_o five_o mile_n a_o char_n much_o fair_a and_o more_o serviceable_a be_v catch_v the_o char_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o fish_n about_o a_o quarter_n long_o somewhat_o like_o a_o trout_n and_o general_o red_a belly_a there_o be_v three_o sort_n the_o male_a which_o be_v large_a with_o a_o red_a belly_n but_o the_o flesh_n thereof_o somewhat_o white_a have_v a_o soft_a roe_n and_o be_v call_v the_o milting-char_n the_o female_a char_n be_v large_a but_o not_o so_o red-bellyed_a the_o flesh_n be_v very_o red_a within_o be_v full_a of_o hard_a roe_n or_o spawn_n which_o our_o philosopher_n in_o their_o discovery_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o be_v the_o ova_fw-mi or_o egg_n of_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v fecundate_v by_o a_o milk_n inject_v on_o they_o by_o the_o male_a and_o perfect_v by_o the_o kind_a influence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o ova_n thus_o impregnate_v be_v bury_v by_o the_o female_a in_o sludge_n or_o sand_n near_o the_o adjacent_a bank_n and_o so_o receive_v invigoration_n these_o be_v common_o call_v the_o rove_a char_n the_o three_o sort_n have_v no_o roe_n be_v common_o call_v the_o geld_v char._n these_o char_n differ_v from_o the_o welsh_a torgough_n a_o fish_n take_v in_o carnarvan-shire_n and_o the_o switzerland_n rentel_n these_o be_v probable_o the_o same_o with_o the_o case_n a_o sort_n of_o fish_n something_o like_o the_o char_n but_o spaw_v at_o a_o different_a time_n and_o catch_v in_o the_o river_n brathy_n that_o run_v into_o winder-mere_a the_o char_n be_v not_o to_o be_v catch_v by_o angle_a or_o any_o other_o method_n but_o by_o net_n they_o keep_v general_o in_o the_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o be_v most_o common_o catch_v in_o the_o cold_a wether_n when_o the_o bank_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n the_o char_n never_o swim_v out_o of_o the_o mere_a but_o the_o case_n be_v take_v in_o divers_a river_n the_o river_n reke_v be_v remarkable_a for_o eel_n which_o i_o think_v i_o may_v affirm_v to_o be_v the_o fat_a in_o england_n and_o indeed_o to_o that_o degree_n of_o fatness_n that_o they_o almost_o nauseate_a and_o this_o a_o late_a author_n a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o considerable_a estate_n near_o manchester_n chief_o attribute_n to_o the_o fat_a grease_n and_o oil_n which_o by_o the_o woke-mill_n be_v express_v from_o the_o woolen_n clothes_n and_o so_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n and_o indeed_o consider_v the_o number_n of_o these_o mill_n stand_v upon_o that_o river_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a fatness_n of_o the_o eel_n i_o do_v not_o think_v the_o conjecture_n amiss_o it_o may_v now_o be_v worth_a our_o time_n to_o make_v enquiry_n into_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o fish_n i_o can_v not_o in_o these_o by_o any_o dissection_n i_o ever_o make_v observe_v the_o distinction_n of_o male_a and_o female_a which_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o conjecture_v they_o come_v from_o the_o middle_a region_n since_o pond_n and_o pit_n be_v find_v frequent_o full_a of_o they_o in_o w_z ch_z none_n have_v ever_o be_v deposit_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o their_o ova_fw-la be_v so_o small_a as_o not_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o ocular_a inspection_n they_o may_v be_v exhale_a with_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o fall_v down_o with_o the_o rain_n and_o when_o these_o happen_v to_o fall_v into_o river_n and_o pond_n they_o by_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n begin_v and_o complete_a their_o generation_n but_o whence_o arise_v those_o ova_n to_o be_v thus_o exhale_a they_o must_v needs_o claim_v some_o origin_n or_o formation_n before_o they_o ascend_v to_o the_o middle_a region_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o rain_n be_v oftentimes_o saturate_v with_o ova_n of_o divers_a species_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o putrefaction_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a worm_n be_v discern_v these_o indeed_o may_v be_v small_a ova_fw-mi waft_v up_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o descend_v with_o the_o ra_n it_o be_v affirm_v in_o russia_n and_o lithuania_n after_o excessive_a shower_n that_o the_o ground_n be_v almost_o cover_v with_o creature_n not_o unlike_a mouse_n which_o often_o produce_v by_o their_o corrupt_a pestilential_a fever_n which_o in_o some_o occasion_v the_o like_a conjecture_n yet_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v admit_v of_o another_o solution_n for_o why_o may_v not_o those_o creature_n be_v there_o generate_v and_o after_o the_o fall_n of_o those_o rain_n desert_n their_o cell_n or_o latebrae_fw-la to_o bask_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v here_o in_o frog_n and_o worm_n and_o other_o reptile_n however_o it_o be_v the_o pond_n that_o be_v never_o store_v may_v be_v supply_v other_o way_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o eel_n to_o quit_v the_o pit_n and_o creep_v into_o the_o grass_n and_o ditch_n and_o this_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v have_v find_v eel_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o field_n remote_a from_o any_o pit_n by_o which_o mean_v other_o pond_n may_v be_v replenish_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o fish_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v the_o point_n but_o these_o be_v industrious_a age_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o microscope_n which_o be_v daily_o improve_v other_o may_v give_v we_o far_o satisfaction_n in_o this_o matter_n but_o i_o can_v here_o omit_v that_o remarkable_a experiment_n of_o the_o most_o ingenious_a lewenhooke_n who_o in_o this_o creature_n be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v we_o a_o ocular_a demonstration_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o beyond_o contradiction_n have_v make_v it_o manifest_v that_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n be_v one_o continue_v canal_n show_v a_o pulsation_n in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o none_o in_o the_o other_o but_o that_o the_o blood_n slow_o creep_v on_o the_o artery_n at_o their_o extremity_n form_v a_o kind_n of_o semicircle_n so_o that_o the_o strait_a line_n be_v terminate_v the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n be_v not_o able_a to_o affect_v a_o curve_v for_o we_o must_v imagine_v the_o pulse_n to_o be_v extreme_o weak_a at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o artery_n for_o when_o a_o vessel_n deviate_v from_o the_o direct_a line_n of_o the_o power_n it_o thence_o cease_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o it_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o vein_n though_o they_o be_v continue_v vessel_n with_o the_o artery_n have_v no_o pulsation_n at_o all_o what_o be_v say_v of_o this_o fish_n generate_a with_o viper_n be_v trifle_v and_o ridiculous_a for_o whoever_o examine_v the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o creature_n subservient_fw-fr to_o generation_n will_v find_v it_o whole_o impossible_a the_o male_a viper_n contain_v a_o penis_n and_o the_o female_a ova_fw-mi and_o ovaria_n but_o in_o eel_n neither_o be_v discernible_a the_o next_o remarkable_a experiment_n in_o this_o fish_n be_v the_o long_o continue_a systole_n