as_o it_o can_v to_o its_o temper_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o then_o with_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o hand_n the_o include_v ice_n be_v loosen_v from_o the_o glass_n as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o and_o a_o ruler_n divide_v into_o inch_n and_o eight_o be_v lay_v alongst_o it_o with_o a_o knife_n a_o little_a warm_v the_o ice_n be_v soon_o and_o yet_o not_o careless_o divide_v into_o several_a small_a cylinder_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n a_o piece_n and_o these_o cylinder_v thus_o reduce_v to_o as_o sensible_a a_o equality_n as_o we_o can_v be_v nimble_o and_o careful_o put_v into_o the_o several_a liquor_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v and_o while_o we_o ourselves_o watch_v very_o attentive_o till_o each_o of_o these_o icy_a cylinder_n be_v quite_o and_o yet_o but_o just_o dissolve_v we_o cause_v other_o to_o keep_v time_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o pendulum_n who_o vibration_n be_v each_o a_o second_o minute_n or_o 60._o part_n of_o a_o common_a minute_n whereof_o 60._o go_v to_o make_v a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o those_o we_o appoint_v to_o watch_v the_o vibration_n of_o the_o pendulum_n notwithstanding_o the_o quickness_n of_o its_o motion_n because_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o a_o little_a instrument_n purposely_o contrive_v for_o such_o nice_a observation_n wherein_o a_o long_a index_n move_v upon_o a_o divide_a dyal_n plate_n do_v very_o manifest_o point_v out_o the_o number_n of_o the_o diadrome_n make_v by_o the_o pendulum_n 3._o this_o experiment_n be_v afterward_o repeat_v twice_o with_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n each_o of_o they_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o though_o the_o success_n of_o these_o trial_n be_v various_a enough_o yet_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v both_o the_o last_o as_o be_v make_v with_o more_o advantage_n than_o the_o first_o that_o the_o more_o light_a may_v be_v gather_v from_o they_o and_o that_o at_o least_o we_o may_v discover_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o make_v such_o experiment_n in_o this_o matter_n as_o that_o all_o the_o nice_a circumstance_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o be_v rely_v on_o i._o trial._n 1._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o cylinder_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o iuch_n long_o be_v put_v into_o last_v 5._o minute_n 2._o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o which_o the_o ice_n sink_v last_v 12._o minute_n 3._o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la last_v 12_o ½_o minute_n 4._o water_n last_v about_o 12._o minute_n 5._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v not_o good_a 44._o minute_n 6._o air_n last_v 64._o minute_n ii_o trial._n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n where_o a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v 3._o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n last_v 13._o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n last_v 26._o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n last_v 47._o minute_n 5._o in_o salad_n oil_n last_v 52._o minute_n 6._o in_o the_o air_n last_v 152._o minute_n 4._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a try_v whether_o there_o will_v be_v any_o difference_n and_o how_o much_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n some_o of_o they_o make_v of_o common_a water_n and_o other_o of_o freeze_a wine_n milk_n oil_n urine_n and_o other_o spirituous_a liquor_n these_o several_a piece_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v thaw_v in_o the_o same_o air_n or_o other_o ambient_fw-la liquor_n 5._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o motion_n will_v impart_v a_o heat_n to_o ice_n by_o nimble_o rub_v a_o strong_a piece_n of_o ice_n upon_o a_o plate_n of_o ice_n and_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o hasten_v the_o dissolution_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o icy_a plate_n where_o the_o altrition_n have_v be_v make_v yet_o we_o be_v unwilling_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n till_o further_a and_o exacter_n trial_n have_v be_v make_v 6._o and_o this_o bring_v into_o my_o mind_n a_o experiment_n that_o have_v by_o some_o be_v think_v very_o strange_a the_o occasion_n i_o remember_v be_v that_o i_o receive_v the_o last_o winter_n the_o honour_n of_o a_o visit_n from_o a_o nobleman_n of_o great_a eminency_n and_o learning_n who_o chance_v to_o come_v in_o while_o i_o be_v make_v some_o trial_n with_o ice_n will_v needs_o know_v what_o i_o be_v do_v with_o it_o but_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a lady_n in_o who_o hymen_n have_v make_v he_o happy_a and_o of_o some_o other_o company_n of_o that_o sex_n that_o he_o bring_v along_o with_o he_o invite_v i_o to_o give_v he_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o think_v will_v be_v most_o suit_v and_o acceptable_a to_o his_o company_n i_o merry_o tell_v he_o that_o i_o be_v try_v how_o to_o heat_v a_o cold_a liquor_n with_o ice_n and_o to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o be_v no_o impossibility_n i_o hold_v out_o a_o open_a mouth_a glass_n full_a of_o a_o certain_a liquor_n which_o for_o some_o just_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o describe_v but_o do_v plain_o teach_v it_o in_o a_o opportuner_n place_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o feel_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o actual_o cold_a and_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v it_o be_v so_o i_o choose_v among_o the_o piece_n ofice_n that_o lie_v by_o i_o that_o i_o judge_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v fit_a for_o my_o purpose_n for_o every_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o reason_n i_o elsewhere_o show_v and_o throw_v it_o into_o this_o liquor_n it_o do_v not_o only_o in_o a_o trice_n vanish_v in_o it_o but_o the_o lady_n i_o be_v mention_v see_v the_o liquor_n smoke_n and_o advance_v hasty_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v real_o warm_a find_v it_o so_o hot_a that_o she_o be_v quick_o fain_o to_o let_v it_o alone_o and_o have_v almost_o burn_v her_o tender_a hand_n with_o which_o she_o have_v in_o spite_n of_o my_o 〈◊〉_d wasion_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o glass_n which_o her_o lord_n himself_o can_v 〈◊〉_d endure_v to_o hold_v in_o he_o but_o this_o experiment_n which_o for_o the_o main_a i_o have_v repeat_v before_o competent_a witness_n though_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a yet_o i_o shall_v not_o build_v much_o upon_o it_o because_o how_o strange_a soever_o many_o have_v be_v please_v to_o think_v it_o i_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o certain_a unperceivable_a slight_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o suddenness_n and_o surprizingness_n of_o the_o effect_n 7._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o think_v those_o much_o mistake_v who_o imagine_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o cold_a do_v continual_o depend_v upon_o the_o actual_a presence_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o manifest_a efficient_n as_o the_o light_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v upon_o the_o sun_n or_o fire_n or_o other_o luminous_a body_n upon_o who_o removal_n it_o immediate_o cease_v for_o when_o cold_a agent_n have_v actual_o bring_v a_o dispose_v subject_n to_o a_o state_n of_o congelation_n though_o the_o manifest_a efficient_a cause_n cease_v from_o act_v or_o perhaps_o from_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v yet_o continue_v for_o in_o most_o case_n if_o a_o certain_a texture_n be_v once_o produce_v in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o constancy_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o persevere_v in_o that_o state_n till_o it_o be_v forcible_o put_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o agent_n capable_a to_o overpower_v it_o and_o though_o we_o usual_o see_v ice_n and_o snow_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n to_o melt_v away_o when_o the_o frosty_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n cease_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o may_v be_v not_o bare_o the_o cessation_n of_o frosty_a weather_n but_o that_o those_o easy_o dissoluble_a body_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o free_a air_n which_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n and_o perhaps_o by_o calorifick_a expiration_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o actual_a cause_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o destroy_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o snow_n but_o even_o here_o above_o ground_n if_o snow_n be_v well_o compact_v into_o great_a mass_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o little_a icickle_n but_o little_a air_n be_v allow_v to_o get_v between_o they_o i_o have_v see_v such_o mass_n of_o snow_n last_o so_o long_o not_o only_o in_o thaw_v but_o in_o rainy_a weather_n as_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o if_o such_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v fence_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o external_a enemy_n though_o the_o place_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o cold_a enough_o to_o produce_v ice_n yet_o it_o will_v as_o some_o trial_n
of_o trial_n that_o we_o find_v among_o our_o note_n concern_v this_o matter_n in_o a_o single_a vial_n we_o seal_v up_o as_o much_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o afterward_o when_o melt_v we_o find_v to_o weigh_v between_o five_o and_o six_o ounce_n after_o a_o while_n the_o salt_n beginning_n to_o melt_v the_o snow_n the_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n begin_v to_o congeal_v and_o be_v rub_v off_o the_o hoar_a frost_n will_v quick_o begin_v to_o come_v again_o this_o vial_n for_o further_a trial_n be_v put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n after_o a_o while_n as_o the_o vapour_n that_o wander_v through_o the_o air_n in_o the_o warm_a room_n happen_v to_o be_v detain_v more_o and_o more_o upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o to_o be_v there_o freeze_v the_o scale_n wherein_o the_o glass_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v depress_v and_o to_o shrink_v low_a and_o low_o after_o which_o by_o add_v a_o little_a to_o the_o counterpoise_n we_o reduce_v they_o again_o to_o a_o equilibrium_n and_o yet_o after_o a_o while_n the_o scale_n that_o hold_v the_o vial_n subside_v again_o more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o include_v snow_n be_v melt_v so_o that_o to_o reduce_v the_o scale_n to_o their_o first_o equilibrium_n we_o be_v fain_o to_o add_v in_o all_o to_o the_o counterpoise_n a_o weight_n which_o we_o estimate_v to_o be_v about_o eight_o or_o ten_o grain_n for_o we_o have_v then_o no_o great_a weight_n by_o we_o the_o vial_n be_v take_v out_o there_o appear_v near_o half_a a_o small_a spoonful_n of_o liquor_n in_o the_o scale_n it_o stand_v in_o which_o procee_v from_o the_o thaw_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o be_v generate_v about_o it_o but_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o scale_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o appear_v no_o wet_a a_o like_a or_o small_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n the_o outside_n quick_o appear_v case_v with_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v within_o and_o this_o vial_n also_o be_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n do_v by_o degree_n depress_v the_o scale_n that_o hold_v it_o till_o it_o have_v sink_v it_o very_o low_a and_o about_o seven_o grain_n do_v but_o reduce_v the_o scale_n to_o a_o equilibrium_n but_o the_o scale_n be_v somewhat_o rusty_a we_o can_v not_o make_v the_o trial_n with_o that_o exactness_n we_o desire_v 23._o but_o at_o other_o time_n when_o the_o experiment_n be_v more_o lucky_o though_o not_o more_o careful_o try_v with_o better_a scale_n the_o increase_n of_o weight_n from_o the_o condense_v vapour_n of_o the_o air_n be_v somewhat_o more_o considerable_a for_o i_o find_v in_o a_o short_a note_n that_o at_o one_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o snow_n weigh_v three_o ounce_n and_o three_o quarter_n afford_v of_o condense_v vapour_n about_o 18._o grain_n and_o at_o another_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o sal_fw-la gem_n weigh_v three_o ounce_n and_o seventy_o grain_n procure_v we_o 〈◊〉_d accession_n of_o water_n weigh_v about_o 20._o grain_n title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v 1._o it_o be_v almost_o endless_a to_o try_v particular_o which_o body_n be_v or_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o congelation_n and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v also_o in_o such_o experiment_n be_v as_o near_o as_o man_n can_v determine_v because_o many_o body_n will_v freeze_v in_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o will_v not_o in_o another_o wherefore_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o leave_v these_o trial_n to_o those_o that_o have_v more_o leisure_n and_o opportunity_n to_o prosecute_v they_o and_o shall_v only_o set_v down_o some_o and_o those_o somewhat_o various_a that_o we_o may_v not_o leave_v this_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o cold_a quite_o unfurnish_a and_o we_o must_v mention_v the_o few_o because_o be_v in_o the_o country_n we_o be_v not_o provide_v of_o divers_a of_o the_o body_n which_o we_o shall_v have_v expose_v 2._o in_o very_o cold_a snowy_a weather_n we_o try_v that_o beside_o common_a water_n urine_n beer_n ale_n milk_n vinegar_n and_o french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n though_o these_o two_o last_v but_o slow_o be_v turn_v into_o ice_n either_o total_o or_o in_o part_n but_o such_o instance_n will_v possible_o be_v think_v too_o obvious_a to_o be_v insist_v on_o therefore_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o not_o only_o we_o freeze_v a_o strong_a solution_n of_o gum_n arabic_a and_o another_o of_o white_a sugar_n in_o common_a water_n but_o that_o we_o take_v alum_n vitriol_n salt-petre_n and_o sea_n salt_n and_o make_v of_o each_o of_o they_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n as_o strong_a a_o solution_n as_o we_o can_v we_o also_o make_v a_o strong_a solution_n of_o verdegrease_n in_o fair_a water_n which_o be_v thereby_o deep_o colour_v all_o these_o we_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air._n the_o solution_n of_o alum_n nitre_n and_o verdegrease_n freeze_v without_o afford_v any_o notable_a phaenomena_n either_o in_o the_o figuration_n of_o the_o ice_n or_o otherwise_o of_o the_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n there_o remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o pretty_a quantity_n unfrozen_a and_o of_o a_o clear_a substance_n who_o colour_n be_v very_o high_a of_o the_o vitriol_n whereas_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o same_o solution_n differ_v very_o little_a in_o colour_n from_o common_a ice_n 3._o but_o because_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o strange_a that_o these_o gross_a sort_n of_o saline_n body_n shall_v be_v turn_v into_o ice_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o also_o divers_a salt_n free_v from_o the_o grosser_n part_n of_o their_o concretes_n by_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o likewise_o capable_a of_o congelation_n we_o expose_v therefore_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n in_o one_o small_a glass_n and_o spirit_n of_o urine_n in_o another_o to_z an_z intense_a cold_a and_o find_v that_o not_o only_o the_o former_a but_o the_o latter_a also_o freeze_v 4._o we_o take_v likewise_o some_o of_o the_o fiery_a lixiviate_v salt_n of_o pot_n ash_n and_o a_o single_a vial_n in_o which_o we_o put_v to_o two_o ounce_n of_o 〈◊〉_d a_o drachm_n of_o the_o alcaly_a and_o expose_v it_o to_o a_o very_a sharp_a air_n we_o do_v when_o we_o come_v to_o see_v the_o success_n of_o the_o trial_n find_v ice_n lie_v on_o the_o top_n in_o little_a stick_n something_o cross_v one_o another_o almost_o like_o the_o crystal_n of_o rock_v petre_n and_o beside_o these_o that_o lay_v level_v there_o be_v other_o that_o shoot_v downward_o in_o very_o great_a number_n 5._o we_o also_o find_v that_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la or_o at_o least_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n though_o it_o seem_v much_o to_o resist_v the_o 〈◊〉_d yet_o it_o be_v once_o by_o snow_n and_o salt_n bring_v to_o congelation_n appendix_n to_o the_o ii_o title_n since_o i_o write_v the_o present_a book_n concern_v cold_a except_v some_o of_o the_o appendix_n have_v once_o have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o a_o hour_n discourse_v with_o a_o ingenious_a man_n that_o not_o only_o live_v some_o year_n in_o muscovy_n but_o be_v and_o be_v still_o physician_n to_o the_o great_a monarch_n of_o that_o empire_n and_o have_v likewise_o at_o other_o time_n converse_v with_o navigator_n and_o some_o other_o credible_a person_n that_o have_v travel_v either_o to_o greenland_n terra_fw-la nova_fw-la or_o other_o gelid_a climate_n i_o propose_v they_o divers_a question_n by_o their_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o learn_v some_o particular_n which_o together_o with_o other_o that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o voyages_n and_o other_o book_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o annex_v by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o forego_n and_o some_o of_o the_o follow_a section_n or_o title_n about_o the_o freeze_a of_o common_a express_a oil_n i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o to_o determine_v for_o that_o they_o may_v by_o a_o very_a intense_a cold_a be_v deprive_v of_o their_o fluidity_n and_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o be_v cut_v into_o portion_n that_o will_v retain_v the_o figure_n give_v they_o my_o own_o trial_n invite_v i_o to_o believe_v but_o whether_o such_o oil_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o true_a by_o which_o i_o mean_v hard_a and_o brittle_a ice_n be_v a_o question_n scarce_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o any_o experiment_n we_o can_v make_v here_o in_o england_n where_o we_o can_v not_o reduce_v oil_n olive_n into_o ice_n and_o for_o the_o relation_n of_o those_o that_o have_v live_v in_o cold_a country_n i_o find_v they_o to_o disagree_v for_o when_o i_o ask_v the_o late_o mention_v doctor_n the_o question_n how_o far_o he_o have_v know_v oil_n congeal_v
consequent_o do_v the_o former_a and_o thereby_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n before_o it_o be_v come_v to_o perfection_n or_o have_v let_v we_o see_v what_o nature_n will_v have_v do_v if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v thus_o hinder_v in_o her_o work_n 7._o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o invite_v i_o to_o alter_v the_o common_a way_n of_o freeze_a and_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o whensoever_o i_o please_v the_o expose_v liquor_n shall_v not_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n or_o side_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n which_o i_o conclude_v it_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v by_o mingle_v the_o salt_n with_o that_o part_n only_o of_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v to_o lie_v beneath_o and_o about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o place_v in_o it_o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o snow_n that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o side_n be_v able_a but_o to_o cool_v the_o water_n and_o dispose_v it_o to_o glaciation_n whereas_o the_o mingle_a snow_n and_o salt_n on_o which_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n rest_v do_v actual_o turn_v the_o neighbour_a liquor_n into_o ice_n and_o lift_v up_o the_o incumbent_a liquor_n towards_o the_o high_a and_o empty_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o liquor_n also_o i_o can_v afterward_o freeze_v at_o pleasure_n without_o danger_n of_o break_v the_o vessel_n only_o by_o so_o apply_v salt_n and_o snow_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o they_o never_o reach_v except_o perhaps_o at_o the_o very_a conclusion_n of_o the_o experiment_n so_o high_a by_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n as_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o glass_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o that_o liquor_n be_v always_o keep_v fluid_a and_o capable_a of_o be_v easy_o impel_v high_a and_o high_a by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a part_n of_o the_o subjacent_a liquor_n 8._o the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o experiment_n of_o make_v water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n not_o the_o top_n will_v be_v more_o frigidum_fw-la proper_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v only_o intimate_v by_o the_o way_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o any_o nice_a proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o snow_n nor_o of_o any_o exquisite_a mixture_n of_o they_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o sea_n salt_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o snow_n will_v not_o do_v amiss_o nor_o do_v i_o usual_o put_v salt_n to_o all_o the_o snow_n at_o once_o unless_o in_o some_o case_n wherein_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o freeze_v a_o liquor_n quick_o and_o make_v a_o speedy_a resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o by_o the_o way_n above_o mention_v i_o do_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n make_v the_o expose_v liquor_n freeze_v not_o at_o the_o bottom_n or_o the_o top_n but_o next_o to_o what_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n i_o please_v according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o experiment_n but_o though_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v hint_v the_o speculative_a inference_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o this_o way_n of_o freeze_a liquor_n it_o will_v be_v expedient_a to_o give_v explicit_o this_o practical_a advertisement_n concern_v it_o that_o whereas_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o snow_n be_v necessary_a in_o this_o artifice_n and_o we_o ourselves_o be_v for_o some_o time_n lead_v away_o with_o the_o rest_n by_o that_o supposition_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o a_o presumption_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v remove_v as_o one_o very_o prejudicial_a to_o those_o that_o with_o we_o design_v the_o prosecute_a experiment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o history_n of_o cold._n for_o snow_n be_v but_o seldom_o to_o be_v find_v on_o the_o ground_n in_o comparison_n of_o ice_n and_o be_v but_o a_o congery_n of_o many_o small_a icesicles_n with_o much_o air_n intercept_v among_o they_o it_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d paribus_fw-la near_o so_o durable_a as_o the_o more_o entire_a body_n of_o solid_a ice_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v find_v by_o frequent_a experience_n that_o ice_n well_o beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n will_v serve_v our_o turn_n for_o artificial_a glaciation_n as_o well_o if_o not_o in_o some_o respect_v better_a as_o snow_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o history_n of_o cold_a we_o indifferent_o prescribe_v snow_n and_o salt_n or_o salt_n and_o ice_n as_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o glaciate_a mixture_n title_n vi_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o preservation_n and_o destruction_n of_o egg_n apple_n and_o other_o body_n by_o cold._n 1._o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n common_a enough_o though_o not_o here_o in_o england_n yet_o among_o those_o that_o have_v give_v we_o account_n of_o very_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d that_o if_o egg_n or_o apple_n be_v freeze_v be_v thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n they_o will_v be_v thereby_o spoil_v but_o if_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o cold_a water_n the_o internal_a cold_n will_v be_v draw_v out_o as_o they_o suppose_v by_o the_o external_a and_o the_o freeze_a body_n will_v be_v harmlef_o though_o not_o so_o quick_o thaw_v this_o tradition_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o examine_v not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o will_v succeed_v in_o our_o more_o temperate_a climate_n and_o because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o rely_v upon_o tradition_n when_o i_o have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o examine_v they_o especial_o if_o no_o one_o credible_a author_n affirm_v they_o upon_o his_o particular_a knowledge_n but_o also_o because_o i_o think_v the_o experiment_n if_o true_a may_v be_v so_o vary_v and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o become_v luciferous_a enough_o and_o afford_v we_o divers_a phaenomena_n of_o cold_a not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o more_o know_v way_n of_o experiment_v and_o according_o have_v expose_v some_o of_o these_o body_n to_o a_o cold_a that_o be_v judge_v sharp_a enough_o we_o afterward_o put_v they_o in_o water_n but_o find_v not_o the_o event_n answer_v our_o expectation_n no_o ice_n appear_v to_o be_v generate_v nevertheless_o we_o be_v not_o hereby_o so_o discourage_v as_o not_o to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v not_o unlikely_a with_o more_o sollicitousness_n and_o advantage_n then_o before_o and_o have_v thereby_o bring_v it_o to_o succeed_v we_o afterward_o make_v several_a trial_n of_o it_o with_o several_a distinct_a aim_n but_o 〈◊〉_d now_o find_v any_o entry_n of_o divers_a of_o they_o but_o those_o i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o among_o my_o note_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v as_o have_v in_o they_o some_o particular_n that_o may_v afford_v useful_a hint_n to_o a_o enquirer_n into_o the_o history_n and_o nature_n of_o cold._n and_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o together_o and_o that_o in_o this_o place_n though_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a those_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o because_o some_o circumstance_n of_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o on_o several_a occasion_n in_o the_o present_a treatise_n 2._o a_o egg_n weigh_v twelve_o drachm_n and_o one_o grain_n wrap_v in_o a_o wax_v paper_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o thaw_v snow_n and_o freeze_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n want_v four_o grain_n of_o that_o weight_n put_v into_o a_o dish_n of_o fair_a water_n there_o crust_v as_o much_o ice_n about_o the_o outside_n as_o make_v the_o egg_n and_o ice_n fifteen_o drachm_n and_o nine_o grain_n the_o ice_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o shell_n and_o the_o shell_n very_o well_o dry_v the_o egg_n be_v find_v to_o weigh_v twelve_o drachm_n and_o twelve_o grain_n the_o egg_n be_v break_v be_v find_v almost_o quite_o thaw_v the_o egg_n freeze_v swim_v in_o water_n be_v thaw_v it_o sink_v 3._o we_o take_v two_o egg_n strong_o freeze_v and_o in_o a_o room_n where_o there_o be_v a_o good_a fire_n we_o put_v one_o of_o they_o into_o a_o deep_a woodden-dish_n full_a of_o very_o cold_a water_n and_o set_v the_o other_o by_o it_o upon_o a_o table_n about_o two_o yard_n from_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o may_v be_v in_o air_n of_o the_o same_o temper_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a then_o perceive_v the_o egg_n that_o lie_v under_o water_n to_o have_v obtain_v a_o thick_a crust_n of_o ice_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o have_v first_o free_v it_o from_o the_o ice_n break_v it_o and_o find_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o white_a be_v not_o yet_o free_v from_o a_o pretty_a store_n of_o little_a parcel_n of_o ice_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o white_a which_o be_v much_o the_o great_a part_n and_o the_o yelk_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o what_o of_o the_o same_o consistence_n as_o if_o the_o egg_n have_v not_o former_o be_v
to_o be_v measure_v so_o the_o measurer_n not_o know_v how_o long_o they_o may_v have_v be_v on_o ground_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v much_o of_o that_o admire_a height_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o snow_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n fall_v very_o plentiful_o in_o those_o freeze_a region_n and_o be_v compact_v together_o either_o by_o the_o sun_n who_o beam_n sometime_o begin_v to_o thaw_v it_o and_o sometime_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o wave_n that_o beat_v against_o the_o ice_n and_o be_v congeal_v with_o the_o snow_n do_v as_o it_o be_v cement_v the_o part_n of_o it_o together_o and_o sometime_o by_o both_o of_o these_o cause_n so_o in_o the_o instance_n allege_v 14._o out_o of_o captain_n james_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o high_a as_o his_o top-mast-head_n it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o they_o be_v on_o ground_n in_o 40._o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o other_o example_n mention_v out_o of_o bartholinus_n though_o there_o be_v 40._o fathom_n attribute_v to_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n yet_o that_o measure_n be_v not_o exclusive_a of_o a_o great_a for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ice_n reach_v downward_o above_o 40._o fathom_n and_o how_o much_o downward_o and_o whether_o as_o far_o as_o the_o ground_n we_o be_v leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o guess_v and_o in_o that_o stupendous_a piece_n of_o ice_n record_v in_o the_o nova_fw-la zembla_n voyage_n to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o 52._o fathom_n that_o be_v 300._o and_o twelve_o foot_n deep_a though_o it_o be_v grant_v what_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v 16._o fathom_n above_o the_o water_n which_o be_v almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a depth_n yet_o i_o observe_v that_o of_o this_o icy_a mountain_n it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n so_o that_o as_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o island_n of_o ice_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o snow_n and_o as_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o that_o famous_o inquisitive_a navigator_n mr._n hudsons_n voyage_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n it_o be_v relate_v that_o his_o company_n be_v pricket_n so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ice_n that_o when_o night_n or_o foggy_a or_o foul_a weather_n take_v they_o they_o will_v seek_v out_o the_o broad_a island_n of_o ice_n and_o there_o come_v to_o anchor_n and_o run_v and_o sport_n and_o fill_v water_n that_o stand_v the_o ice_n in_o pond_n very_o fresh_a and_o good_a so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o know_v not_o how_o much_o low_o the_o dutchman_n ice_n and_o captain_n james_n will_v have_v reach_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n the_o ground_n they_o rest_v on_o have_v not_o hinder_v they_o for_o though_o one_o may_v probable_o think_v that_o these_o be_v the_o great_a depth_n that_o any_o hill_n of_o ice_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o attain_v that_o mention_v by_o the_o hollander_n reach_v 36._o fathom_n beneath_o the_o water_n and_o that_o mention_v by_o captain_n james_n no_o less_o than_o 40._o fathom_n yet_o i_o find_v in_o mr._n hudsons_n voyage_n that_o the_o english_a in_o the_o bay_n that_o bear_v his_o name_n meet_v with_o more_o than_o one_o or_o two_o island_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o fargreat_a depth_n underwater_n for_o among_o other_o thing_n the_o relator_n have_v this_o memorable_a passage_n in_o this_o bay_n where_o we_o be_v thus_o trouble_v with_o ice_n we_o see_v many_o of_o those_o mountain_n of_o ice_n a_o ground_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o score_n fathom_n water_n and_o if_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v deep_a enough_o even_o these_o stupendous_a mole_n of_o ice_n will_v probable_o have_v sink_v much_o low_o and_o so_o have_v lessen_v the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n 11._o i_o know_v that_o deliver_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n alone_o i_o have_v not_o say_v all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v about_o the_o expansion_n of_o liquor_n but_o because_o as_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o any_o liquor_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a unless_o by_o actual_a freeze_a i_o doubt_v whether_o aqueous_a liquor_n as_o wine_n milk_n urine_n etc._n etc._n be_v otherwise_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n then_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o water_n or_o phlegmatic_a and_o in_o a_o strict_a sense_n congealable_a part_v contain_v in_o they_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v worth_a while_n for_o a_o man_n in_o haste_n to_o examine_v their_o particular_a expansion_n notwithstanding_o which_o i_o will_v not_o discourage_v any_o from_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o by_o the_o differ_a dilatation_n of_o aqueous_a liquor_n some_o of_o they_o of_o the_o same_o and_o some_o of_o they_o of_o differ_v kind_n we_o may_v be_v assist_v to_o make_v any_o estimate_n of_o the_o differ_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n and_o of_o more_o spirituous_a or_o useful_a ingredient_n 12._o after_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o deliver_v concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold_a it_o may_v be_v expect_v we_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o contraction_n by_o the_o same_o quality_n but_o as_o for_o water_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a liquor_n who_o dimension_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v i_o have_v former_o declare_v that_o i_o can_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v its_o contraction_n in_o the_o winter_n season_n when_o i_o try_v it_o to_o be_v at_o all_o considerable_a and_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o have_v for_o great_a certainty_n procure_v the_o experiment_n to_o be_v make_v by_o another_o also_o in_o a_o bolthead_n the_o account_n i_o receive_v of_o it_o be_v that_o he_o can_v scarce_o discern_v the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o fall_v beneath_o its_o station_n mark_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o ball_n be_v so_o far_o infrigidate_v as_o to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v though_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o warm_a climate_n as_o italy_n or_o spain_n the_o contraction_n of_o the_o water_n a_o little_a before_o glaciation_n begin_v may_v be_v somewhat_o considerable_a especial_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o summer_n or_o in_o case_n either_o there_o or_o here_o the_o water_n expose_v to_o freeze_v be_v put_v into_o a_o vessel_n very_o advantageous_o shape_v or_o bring_v out_o of_o some_o warm_a chamber_n or_o other_o place_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n that_o surround_v it_o have_v rarify_v it_o but_o to_o examine_v the_o measure_n of_o contraction_n in_o the_o several_a liquor_n and_o with_o the_o nice_a observation_n that_o such_o a_o work_n to_o be_v accurate_o prosecure_v will_v require_v will_v have_v take_v up_o much_o more_o of_o my_o time_n then_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o employ_v about_o a_o work_n which_o i_o look_v not_o on_o as_o important_a enough_o to_o deserve_v it_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v here_o add_v nothing_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a touch_v the_o contraction_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o the_o differ_a degree_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o air_n the_o vast_a fluid_n we_o deal_v with_o i_o do_v indeed_o think_v fit_a to_o measure_v how_o much_o cold_a condense_n it_o but_o the_o account_n of_o that_o experiment_n will_v be_v more_o opportune_o deliver_v in_o air._n one_o of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n title_n xi_o experiment_n touch_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n 1._o have_v show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o expansion_n make_v of_o water_n and_o aqueous_a body_n by_o congelation_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v how_o strong_a this_o expansion_n be_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o no_o body_n have_v yet_o that_o we_o know_v of_o make_v any_o particular_a trial_n on_o purpose_n to_o make_v discovery_n in_o this_o matter_n so_o that_o although_o some_o unhappy_a accident_n have_v keep_v our_o experiment_n from_o be_v as_o accurate_a as_o we_o design_v and_o as_o god_n assist_v we_o may_v hereafter_o make_v they_o yet_o at_o least_o we_o shall_v show_v this_o expansion_n to_o be_v more_o forcible_a then_o have_v hitherto_o be_v common_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o assist_v man_n to_o make_v a_o somewhat_o less_o uncertain_a estimate_n of_o the_o force_n of_o it_o than_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v yet_o endeavour_v to_o enable_v themselves_o to_o make_v 2._o and_o 1._o we_o shall_v mention_v some_o experiment_n that_o do_v in_o general_a show_n that_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n be_v considerable_o strong_a we_o take_v a_o new_a pewter-bottle_n capable_a to_o contain_v as_o we_o guess_v about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o top_n full_a with_o that_o liquor_n we_o screw_v on_o the_o stopple_n and_o expose_v it_o during_o
a_o very_a frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v burst_v the_o bottle_n though_o its_o matter_n be_v metalline_a and_o though_o purposely_o for_o this_o trial_n we_o have_v choose_v it_o quite_o new_a the_o crack_n appear_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o the_o pewter_n this_o experiment_n we_o repeat_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o bottle_n fill_v with_o ice_n that_o have_v crack_v it_o which_o a_o noble_a virtuoso_fw-la will_v needs_o make_v i_o who_o shall_v else_o have_v scruple_v to_o amuse_v with_o such_o a_o trifle_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n and_o so_o great_a a_o virtuoso_fw-la bring_v to_o his_o majesty_n to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o show_v itself_o in_o it_o that_o the_o water_n have_v be_v real_o expanded_a by_o congelation_n 3._o we_o also_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o a_o much_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_v not_o if_o freeze_a have_v the_o like_a effect_n and_o according_o fill_v with_o about_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n a_o screw_v pewter_n box_n such_o as_o many_o use_n to_o keep_v treacle_n &_o salve_n in_o quite_o new_a and_o of_o a_o considerable_a thickness_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o include_v water_n the_o vessel_n be_v very_o much_o burst_v afterward_o fill_v a_o quart_n bottle_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o capacity_n with_o a_o congealable_a liquor_n and_o tie_v down_o the_o cork_n very_o hard_o with_o strong_a packthread_n we_o find_v that_o the_o frost_n make_v the_o liquor_n force_n out_o the_o stopple_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o keep_v it_o down_o but_o afterward_o we_o so_o well_o fasten_v a_o cork_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o quart_n bottle_n of_o glass_n that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o congeal_a liquor_n to_o break_v the_o vessel_n then_o to_o thrust_v out_o the_o stopple_n and_o have_v for_o a_o great_a many_o hour_n expose_v this_o to_o a_o exceed_o sharp_a air_n we_o find_v at_o length_n the_o bottle_n burst_v although_o it_o be_v so_o thick_a and_o strong_a that_o we_o be_v invite_v to_o measure_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o side_n and_o find_v that_o the_o thin_a place_n where_o it_o be_v break_v by_o the_o ice_n be_v 3_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o thick_a ⅜_n that_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d we_o also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o frost_n break_v a_o earthen_a bottle_n of_o strong_a flanders_n metal_n of_o which_o the_o thin_a part_n that_o be_v break_v be_v equal_a by_o measure_n to_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o other_o 4._o but_o the_o above_o mention_v instance_n serve_v only_o to_o declare_v in_o general_a that_o the_o expansion_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a be_v very_o forcible_a i_o think_v fit_a to_o attempt_v the_o reduce_n of_o the_o matter_n somewhat_o near_o a_o estimate_n less_o remote_a from_o be_v determinate_a and_o because_o the_o water_n expose_v to_o congelation_n may_v be_v probable_o suppose_v to_o be_v homogeneous_a we_o judge_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o it_o may_v very_o much_o vary_v its_o degree_n of_o force_n and_o because_o some_o may_v suspect_v that_o the_o figure_n also_o may_v not_o be_v inconsiderable_a in_o this_o matter_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v our_o trial_n in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n who_o cavity_n be_v cylindrical_a and_o which_o to_o make_v it_o strong_a have_v a_o orifice_n but_o at_o one_o of_o its_o end_n and_o who_o thickness_n be_v such_o that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o expect_v that_o while_o the_o top_n remain_v cover_v but_o with_o a_o reasonable_a weight_n the_o include_v water_n will_v find_v it_o more_o easy_a to_o lift_v up_o that_o weight_n then_o break_v the_o side_n to_o this_o cylinder_n we_o fit_v a_o cover_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n that_o be_v flat_a and_o go_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o cavity_n lean_v also_o upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o side_n for_o the_o more_o close_a stop_n of_o the_o orifice_n the_o cavity_n of_o this_o cylinder_n be_v in_o length_n about_o five_o inch_n and_o in_o breadth_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n this_o cylinder_n be_v fill_v top_n full_a with_o water_n and_o the_o cover_n be_v careful_o put_v on_o be_v fasten_v into_o a_o iron_n frame_n that_o hold_v it_o erect_v and_o allow_v we_o to_o place_v a_o iron_n weight_n amount_v to_o 56._o pound_n or_o half_o a_o hundred_o of_o common_a english_a weight_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v because_o the_o common_a hundred_o that_o our_o carrier_n &_o c._n use_n exceed_v five_o score_n by_o twelve_o but_o this_o vessel_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n to_o the_o cold_a air_n the_o contain_v water_n do_v not_o the_o next_o morning_n appear_v to_o be_v freeze_v and_o the_o trial_n be_v another_o time_n that_o way_n repeat_v with_o no_o better_a success_n as_o if_o either_o the_o thickness_n or_o clearness_n of_o the_o metal_n have_v break_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o external_a air_n frigefactive_a power_n or_o the_o weight_n that_o oppress_v the_o cover_n have_v hinder_v that_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v its_o glaciation_n wherefore_o we_o think_v it_o requisite_a to_o apply_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n with_o ice_n or_o snow_n as_o that_o which_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o introduce_v a_o high_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o air_n alone_o even_o in_o very_o frosty_a night_n and_o though_o this_o way_n itself_o the_o glaciation_n proceed_v very_o slow_o and_o sometime_o scarce_o at_o all_o yet_o at_o length_n we_o find_v that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v bring_v so_o far_o to_o freeze_v that_o on_o the_o morrow_n the_o ice_n have_v on_o one_o side_n swell_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o by_o lift_v the_o cover_n on_o that_o side_n have_v throw_v down_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n but_o in_o this_o trial_n the_o cover_n have_v be_v uniform_o or_o every_o where_o lift_v up_o above_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n divers_a time_n as_o we_o can_v get_v opportunity_n sometime_o with_o success_n and_o sometime_o without_o it_o and_o of_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o our_o experiment_n of_o this_o sort_n we_o find_v the_o follow_a account_n among_o our_o collection_n 5._o the_o hollow_a brass_n weight_n be_v about_o one_o inch_n and_o thou_o quarter_n in_o diameter_n and_o the_o brass_n cover_v put_v on_o be_v load_v with_o a_o weight_n of_o 56._o pound_n upon_o the_o cover_n and_o expose_v to_o a_o excessive_o sharp_a night_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o cover_n and_o the_o weight_n be_v find_v visible_o lift_v up_o though_o not_o above_o that_o we_o can_v discern_v a_o small_a barley-corn_n breadth_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o brass_n cover_n be_v not_o here_o estimate_v which_o be_v much_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o according_a to_o former_a observation_n one_o may_v expect_v to_o see_v the_o ice_n ascend_v but_o that_o which_o we_o take_v particular_a notice_n of_o be_v that_o the_o enclose_a cylinder_n of_o ice_n be_v by_o a_o gentle_a thaw_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n take_v out_o appear_v so_o full_a of_o bubble_n as_o to_o be_v thereby_o make_v opacous_a also_o when_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o cylinder_n be_v bring_v into_o my_o chamber_n before_o the_o fire_n be_v make_v the_o 56._o pound_n weight_n be_v new_o take_v off_o at_o a_o little_a hole_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v between_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o brass_n and_o ice_n there_o come_v out_o a_o great_a many_o drop_n of_o water_n dilate_v into_o numerous_a bubble_n and_o reduce_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o sroth_n as_o if_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o oppress_a weight_n the_o bubble_n of_o the_o water_n have_v get_v liberty_n to_o expand_v themselves_o but_o this_o last_v but_o a_o very_a little_a 6._o after_o this_o the_o difficulty_n we_o have_v often_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o place_n of_o great_a weight_n convenient_o upon_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o cylinder_n and_o the_o expectation_n we_o have_v to_o find_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n we_o make_v use_v of_o capable_a upon_o its_o congelation_n to_o lift_v up_o a_o much_o great_a weight_n invite_v we_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o its_o expansive_a force_n by_o some_o what_o a_o differ_a way_n which_o be_v to_o fit_v a_o wooden_a plug_n to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n after_o we_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o soak_v a_o convenient_a time_n in_o water_n that_o swell_v as_o much_o as_o it_o will_v before_o it_o may_v be_v make_v to_o swell_v no_o more_o by_o the_o water_n which_o will_v lie_v contiguous_a
a_o glass_n tube_n thrust_v into_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o at_o least_o where_o captain_n james_n winter_v the_o water_n be_v not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o thick_o freeze_v as_o the_o earth_n but_o we_o have_v already_o note_v the_o indisposition_n of_o salt-water_n to_o congelation_n and_o whether_o fresh_a water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v deep_o freeze_v may_v be_v just_o doubt_v title_n fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o differ_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v 1._o in_o examine_v whether_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o medium_n indefinite_o notwithstanding_o their_o compactness_n or_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o texture_n we_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o make_v our_o trial_n with_o medium_n of_o too_o great_a thickness_n lest_o we_o mistake_o impute_v that_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o be_v indeed_o cause_v by_o the_o distance_n which_o the_o medium_fw-la put_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n for_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o we_o make_v our_o experiment_n will_v operate_v but_o at_o a_o very_a small_a distance_n though_o the_o medium_fw-la resist_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a air_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n record_v in_o this_o treatise_n this_o premised_a we_o may_v proceed_v to_o relate_v that_o have_v place_v a_o copious_a mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n in_o pipkin_n glaze_v within_o and_o in_o white_a basin_n glaze_v both_o within_o and_o without_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o outside_n of_o both_o those_o sort_n of_o vessel_n be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n though_o however_o the_o bake_a earth_n have_v not_o be_v compact_v nor_o the_o vitrified_a surface_n of_o a_o very_a close_a texture_n the_o very_a thickness_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o seem_v it_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v able_a to_o freeze_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n 2._o by_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v of_o freeze_a water_n in_o pewter_n bottle_n it_o appear_v that_o cold_a be_v able_a to_o operate_v through_o such_o mettalline_a vessel_n 3._o and_o this_o may_v be_v somewhat_o confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o pretty_a experiment_n that_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a namely_o the_o make_v icy_a cup_n to_o drink_v in_o the_o way_n we_o use_v be_v this_o we_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o cup_n of_o latin_a by_o which_o i_o mean_v iron_n reduce_v into_o thin_a plate_n and_o tin_a over_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o shape_n and_o bigness_n i_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o cup_n of_o then_o i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n another_o cup_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n with_o the_o former_a but_o every_o way_n less_o so_o that_o it_o will_v go_v into_o the_o great_a and_o leave_v a_o competent_a interval_n for_o water_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a surface_n and_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o this_o innermost_a cup_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o rim_n or_o lip_n by_o which_o it_o lean_v upon_o the_o great_a and_o by_o who_o help_n its_o side_n and_o bottom_n be_v easy_o place_v at_o a_o just_a and_o even_a distance_n from_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o other_o but_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o two_o bottom_n be_v make_v great_a then_o that_o between_o the_o side_n that_o the_o icy_a cup_n may_v stand_v the_o firm_a and_o last_v the_o long_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o part_n of_o this_o mould_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o internal_a cup_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n partly_o to_o freeze_v the_o contiguous_a water_n and_o thereby_o cooperate_v to_o the_o quick_a make_n of_o the_o cup_n and_o partly_o by_o its_o weight_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o buoy_v up_o so_o light_a a_o cup_n the_o external_a part_n be_v surround_v with_o ice_n and_o salt_n who_o cold_a so_o powerful_o penetrate_v to_o the_o internal_a metalline_a mould_n that_o the_o water_n be_v quick_o freeze_v and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n be_v disjoin_v appear_v turn_v into_o a_o icy_a cup_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o figure_n design_v and_o these_o cup_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v make_v and_o of_o various_a shape_n and_o that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v at_o hand_n be_v very_o pleasant_a trifle_n especial_o in_o hot_a weather_n when_o they_o impart_v a_o very_a refresh_a coolness_n to_o the_o drink_n pour_v into_o they_o and_o though_o they_o last_v not_o long_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v employ_v to_o drink_v wine_n and_o such_o like_a spirituous_a drink_n in_o yet_o while_o some_o be_v melt_v other_o may_v be_v provide_v and_o so_o the_o loss_n may_v be_v easy_o repair_v all_o the_o difficulty_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o stick_v very_o fast_o to_o the_o ice_n they_o include_v and_o we_o try_v to_o obviate_v this_o sometime_o by_o anoint_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o mould_n with_o some_o unctuous_a and_o not_o offensive_a matter_n to_o hinder_v the_o adhesion_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o sometime_o by_o apply_v some_o convenient_a heat_n both_o to_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o external_a and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o internal_a piece_n of_o the_o mould_n which_o last_o mention_v way_n be_v quick_a and_o sure_a but_o lessen_v the_o durableness_n of_o the_o cup._n we_o be_v late_o inform_v that_o this_o way_n of_o make_v cup_n of_o ice_n be_v set_v down_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d argenis_n and_o it_o be_v like_a enough_o that_o 〈◊〉_d man_n may_v have_v learn_v it_o among_o some_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n of_o italy_n he_o converse_v with_o but_o if_o we_o that_o learn_v it_o from_o none_o of_o they_o have_v not_o be_v teach_v it_o by_o experience_n we_o shall_v scarce_o have_v venture_v to_o try_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o romance_n that_o sort_n of_o composure_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v fabulous_a enough_o to_o pass_v but_o for_o poem_n in_o prose_n 4._o the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a mathematician_n erasmus_n bartholinus_n mention_n in_o his_o new_o publish_v discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o experiment_n by_o which_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o some_o master_n of_o nature_n secret_n do_v easy_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n reduce_v water_n into_o air._n for_o they_o put_v a_o little_a snow_n or_o ice_n into_o a_o funnel_n and_o thereby_o so_o refrigerate_v and_o condense_a the_o ambient_fw-la air_n that_o there_o will_v dew_n trickle_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o funnel_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v hope_v to_o make_v a_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o i_o here_o mention_v this_o experiment_n rather_o because_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a to_o please_v those_o to_o who_o it_o be_v new_a and_o because_o have_v purposely_o try_v it_o in_o large_a and_o thick_a funnel_n of_o glass_n it_o may_v be_v pertinent_o enough_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n where_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o transmission_n or_o propagation_n of_o cold_a through_o close_a and_o thick_a medium_n then_o because_o we_o expect_v to_o make_v of_o it_o that_o use_v especial_o that_o oeconomical_a use_n that_o have_v be_v late_o intimate_v for_o first_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a air_n itself_o and_o not_o rather_o the_o vapour_n swim_v in_o it_o that_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v transmute_v into_o water_n and_o second_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v condense_a vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o funnel_n but_o either_o they_o that_o hope_v to_o make_v this_o use_n of_o the_o experiment_n have_v little_a experience_n of_o it_o and_o write_v conjectural_o or_o else_o they_o have_v make_v it_o with_o a_o success_n very_o differ_v from_o we_o for_o though_o we_o employ_v a_o large_a funnel_n and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o string_n artificial_o enough_o tie_v about_o it_o in_o the_o free_a air_n and_o though_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n we_o put_v in_o be_v sufficient_o infrigidate_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o and_o by_o and_o far_o more_o so_o then_o ice_n or_o snow_n alone_o will_v have_v be_v yet_o that_o mixture_n be_v not_o able_a to_o condense_a the_o vaporous_a part_n of_o the_o air_n into_o dew_n much_o if_o at_o all_o long_o than_o the_o mutual_a dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n and_o snow_n last_v the_o liquor_n that_o be_v this_o way_n obtain_v and_o drop_v down_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o funnel_n who_o internal_a perforation_n ought_v to_o be_v careful_o stop_v lest_o any_o of_o the_o resolve_a snow_n and_o salt_n shall_v fall_v through_o
pottinger_n that_o contain_v the_o cold_a liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o that_o which_o contain_v the_o hot_a water_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n after_o eleven_o and_o somewhat_o better_a so_o that_o though_o all_o freeze_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o two_o hour_n yet_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v this_o time_n to_o freeze_v a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n soon_o than_o the_o hot_a these_o pottinger_n be_v earthen_a but_o i_o elsewhere_o make_v the_o trial_n in_o other_o of_o metal_n and_o there_o also_o the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v both_o before_o that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v and_o cool_v again_o and_o long_o before_o the_o hot_a another_o time_n i_o measure_v out_o the_o water_n by_o spoonful_n into_o pottinger_n not_o have_v then_o by_o i_o any_o fit_a scale_n to_o weigh_v it_o to_o be_v the_o more_o sure_a that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v considerable_o unequal_a and_o then_o also_o the_o cold_a water_n freeze_v a_o considerable_a while_n before_o the_o hot_a but_o my_o usual_a jealousy_n in_o the_o make_n nice_a experiment_n tempt_v i_o to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o water_n in_o some_o of_o the_o former_a trial_n have_v not_o be_v heat_v in_o a_o stone_n bottle_n not_o a_o skillet_n it_o be_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o that_o the_o bottle_n use_v to_o contain_v nothing_o but_o beer_n and_o have_v be_v wash_v beforehand_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o bottle_n can_v have_v any_o considerable_a influence_n on_o the_o experiment_n yet_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v suspect_v that_o the_o scald_a water_n mighr_fw-mi have_v imbibe_v some_o spirituous_a part_n remain_v yet_o among_o the_o minute_n dregs_o of_o beer_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o bottle_n for_o the_o great_a security_n i_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o be_v heat_v in_o a_o skillet_n and_o because_o in_o one_o of_o the_o trial_n make_v in_o a_o village_n where_o we_o have_v not_o choice_n of_o pottinger_n the_o cold_a water_n chance_v to_o be_v put_v into_o one_o that_o afterward_o seem_v less_o then_o that_o wherein_o the_o hot_a be_v expose_v i_o do_v this_o very_a day_n repeat_v the_o experiment_n by_o put_v cold_a water_n into_o a_o somewhat_o large_a pottinger_n heat_n the_o other_o water_n in_o a_o skillet_n and_o the_o event_n of_o the_o trial_n be_v this_o that_o the_o cold_a water_n be_v put_v out_o with_o the_o rest_n at_o ¾_n after_o 6._o begin_v to_o freeze_v somewhat_o before_o ½_o after_o 7._o the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ¾_n after_o 7._o and_o have_v these_o freeze_a water_n a_o pretty_a while_n by_o i_o i_o send_v in_o for_o my_o own_o further_a satisfaction_n for_o the_o hot_a water_n and_o find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v in_o the_o least_o freeze_v at_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o 8._o so_o that_o suppose_v it_o to_o continue_v half_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n long_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o its_o congelation_n least_o it_o be_v twice_o as_o long_o ere_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o the_o cold_a water_n have_v be_v by_o which_o we_o may_v see_v how_o well_o bestow_v their_o labour_n have_v be_v that_o have_v puzzle_v themselves_o and_o other_o to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o a_o phaenomenon_n which_o perhaps_o with_o half_a the_o pain_n they_o may_v have_v find_v to_o be_v but_o chymaerical_a i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o circumstantial_a in_o set_v down_o these_o trial_n that_o i_o may_v express_v a_o civility_n to_o so_o famous_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n and_o also_o because_o artificial_a congelation_n which_o we_o can_v common_o best_a command_n and_o which_o we_o have_v the_o often_o use_v about_o our_o other_o experiment_n be_v not_o so_o proper_a for_o this_o for_o have_v former_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o take_v two_o pipe_n of_o glass_n make_v of_o the_o same_o cylinder_n that_o they_o may_v be_v of_o equal_a bore_n and_o have_v seal_v each_o of_o they_o at_o one_o end_n and_o have_v fill_v both_o to_o the_o same_o height_n and_o then_o stir_v they_o too_o and_o fro_o together_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n water_n and_o salt_n which_o mixture_n i_o make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o effect_v sudden_a congelation_n i_o find_v both_o water_n to_o freeze_v too_o quick_o to_o make_v a_o notable_a disparity_n in_o the_o length_n of_o time_n that_o they_o remain_v uncongeal_v and_o we_o will_v not_o on_o this_o occasion_n omit_v one_o phaenomenon_n afford_v we_o by_o these_o trial_n because_o it_o may_v admonish_v man_n how_o cautious_a they_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o make_v nice_a experiment_n for_o have_v once_o make_v the_o former_o mention_v trial_n with_o glass_n pipe_n that_o be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d as_o not_o exceed_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o a_o man_n forefinger_n and_o have_v for_o great_a caution_n put_v the_o hot_a water_n first_o into_o one_o glass_n and_o then_o into_o another_o we_o find_v one_o time_n that_o the_o hot_a water_n freeze_v first_o and_o wonder_v at_o it_o we_o examine_v the_o glass_n and_o perceive_v one_o of_o they_o to_o be_v more_o conical_a or_o acuminate_v where_o it_o have_v be_v seal_v up_o then_o the_o other_o it_o seem_v probable_a and_o afterward_o appear_v true_a that_o the_o water_n in_o this_o acuminate_v part_n be_v sudden_o freeze_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o slenderness_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o promote_v and_o accelerate_a the_o congelation_n of_o the_o rest_n so_o that_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o cold_a or_o the_o hot_a water_n that_o be_v put_v into_o that_o pipe_n it_o will_v thereby_o gain_v a_o manifest_a advantage_n in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n make_v in_o pottinger_n i_o make_v use_v not_o only_o of_o cold_a and_o hot_a water_n but_o of_o water_n that_o have_v be_v heat_v and_o cool_v again_o though_o not_o reduce_v to_o its_o full_a pristine_a coldness_n to_o prevent_v the_o objection_n of_o some_o that_o may_v pretend_v that_o such_o water_n will_v have_v freeze_v soon_o than_o cold_a which_o yet_o will_v not_o salve_v the_o common_a opinion_n which_o specify_v not_o such_o water_n postscript_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o such_o caution_n as_o i_o have_v be_v mention_v be_v not_o altogether_o useless_a for_o accidental_o cast_v my_o eye_n upon_o the_o circulus_fw-la pisanus_n of_o berigardus_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n i_o somewhat_o wonder_v to_o find_v that_o a_o author_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o great_a adversary_n of_o aristotle_n except_o in_o his_o dangerous_a and_o ill-grounded_a conceit_n of_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o some_o other_o erroneous_a opinion_n do_v yet_o endeavour_v to_o justify_v aristotle_n by_o affirm_v that_o his_o experiment_n will_v succeed_v if_o by_o heat_a water_n we_o understand_v that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v be_v suffer_v to_o cool_v again_o till_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o temper_n of_o other_o water_n which_o be_v not_o heat_v for_o this_o refrigerated_a water_n he_o say_v he_o have_v find_v to_o congeal_v much_o soon_o than_o the_o other_o water_n but_o this_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o very_o unapt_a to_o believe_v for_o have_v divers_a time_n cause_v cold_a water_n to_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o frosty_a weather_n with_o that_o which_o have_v be_v heat_v and_o cool_v again_o and_o have_v set_v sometime_o one_o of_o my_o domestic_n sometime_o another_o to_o watch_v they_o the_o event_n do_v very_o much_o disfavour_v the_o assertion_n of_o our_o author_n though_o care_n be_v have_v of_o the_o circumstance_n most_o considerable_a in_o such_o a_o experiment_n as_o the_o matter_n size_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o equal_a degree_n of_o cold_a in_o the_o two_o several_a parcel_n of_o water_n into_o both_o which_o i_o sometime_o dip_v my_o finger_n to_o judge_v of_o they_o before_o they_o be_v expose_v and_o the_o place_n in_o which_o they_o be_v put_v both_o together_o to_o be_v freeze_v but_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n we_o elsewhere_o take_v two_o pottinger_n buy_v purposely_o for_o the_o make_n of_o experiment_n of_o the_o same_o size_n and_o shape_n and_o in_o the_o same_o shop_n one_o of_o these_o we_o almost_o fill_v with_o cold_a water_n out_o of_o a_o glass_n wherein_o we_o mark_v how_o high_a that_o water_n reach_v that_o by_o fill_v the_o same_o glass_n to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o the_o refrigerated_a water_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o measure_v out_o the_o same_o quantity_n into_o the_o other_o pottinger_n this_o do_v i_o appoint_v one_o who_o care_n i_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o distrust_v to_o examine_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o several_a water_n with_o a_o more_o then_o ordinary_o sensible_a weatherglass_n as_o a_o far_o safe_a
and_o spoil_v the_o other_o liquor_n be_v indeed_o sweet_a like_o rain_n water_n but_o so_o very_o little_a as_o well_o as_o so_o slow_o generate_v that_o it_o amount_v not_o any_o thing_n near_o to_o that_o which_o the_o snow_n employ_v and_o spoil_v to_o make_v it_o will_v have_v afford_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o some_o cool_a liquor_n which_o can_v as_o well_o as_o this_o mixture_n condense_a the_o vapid_a air_n into_o water_n and_o who_o texture_n be_v not_o destroy_v in_o this_o operation_n as_o that_o of_o the_o snow_n be_v may_v not_o be_v more_o hopeful_o employ_v to_o obtain_v water_n from_o the_o air_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o one_o thing_n that_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n do_v turn_v the_o vapour_n that_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n first_o into_o ice_n before_o they_o drop_v down_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n in_o almost_o all_o our_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o well_o in_o thick_a funnel_n as_o in_o other_o and_o thin_a glass_n 5._o that_o in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n a_o include_v mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n divers_a of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o present_a treatise_n do_v manifest_o evince_v which_o argue_v that_o even_o so_o extreme_o close_v a_o medium_fw-la as_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hinder_v the_o transmission_n of_o cold._n and_o this_o be_v not_o superfluous_o add_v because_o in_o vessel_n not_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o may_v be_v pretend_v that_o it_o be_v the_o internal_a air_n that_o communicate_v its_o coldness_n by_o some_o unheeded_a but_o immediate_a intercourse_n with_o the_o external_a after_o this_o we_o think_v it_o worth_a a_o experiment_n to_o try_v whether_o or_o how_o cold_n will_v be_v diffuse_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o some_o will_v think_v a_o vacuum_n and_o which_o to_o other_o will_v seem_v much_o less_o dispose_v to_o assist_v the_o diffusion_n of_o cold_a then_o common_a air_n itself_o to_o compass_v this_o the_o expedient_a we_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o be_v to_o suspend_v a_o slender_a glass_n full_a of_o water_n in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n belong_v to_o our_o pneumatical_a engine_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v very_o careful_o pump_v out_o to_o bury_v the_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o copious_a and_o ready_a prepare_v mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n to_o see_v whether_o notwithstanding_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la the_o water_n suspend_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o vacuum_n as_o to_o air_n or_o gross_a substance_n will_v yet_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o cold._n that_o event_n of_o our_o trial_n which_o alone_o i_o find_v among_o my_o note_n be_v register_v in_o these_o term_n 6._o a_fw-la small_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n be_v at_o the_o other_o fill_v almost_o with_o water_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n consist_v of_o a_o somewhat_o long_a and_o slender_a tube_n of_o glass_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o invert_v upon_o the_o engine_n plate_n than_o the_o air_n be_v careful_o exhaust_v for_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v a_o while_n after_o no_o air_n appear_v to_o come_v forth_o in_o any_o bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n through_o the_o external_a water_n nor_o do_v the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a pipe_n within_o disclose_v any_o number_n of_o bubble_n worth_a take_v notice_n of_o then_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o almost_o cylindrical_a plate_n of_o iron_n beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n be_v heap_v against_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n about_o the_o height_n to_o which_o the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a pipe_n reach_v and_o at_o length_n though_o as_o we_o all_o thought_n much_o more_o slow_o than_o such_o a_o congelation_n will_v else_o have_v be_v perform_v the_o water_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v in_o odd_a kind_n of_o flake_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o ice_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n 7._o there_o be_v one_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v about_o the_o transmission_n of_o cold_a through_o indispose_a medium_n which_o may_v not_o be_v unworthy_a to_o be_v here_o insert_v for_o i_o have_v once_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cold_a body_n can_v operate_v through_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v as_o to_o touch_v actual_o hot_a and_o have_v its_o heat_n continual_o renew_v by_o a_o sountain_n as_o it_o be_v of_o heat_n that_o perpetual_o diffuse_v through_o it_o new_a supply_n of_o warm_a liquor_n so_o that_o the_o cold_a body_n can_v not_o here_o as_o in_o other_o case_n first_o allay_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o then_o lessen_v it_o more_o and_o more_o till_o it_o have_v quite_o extinguish_v it_o to_o compass_v this_o i_o have_v soon_o after_o a_o opportunity_n of_o make_v some_o trial_n present_v i_o for_o be_v at_o the_o mineral_n spring_v at_o tunbridge_n to_o drink_v those_o wholesome_a water_n for_o my_o health_n sake_n i_o soon_o accustom_v myself_o to_o drink_v they_o in_o considerable_a quantity_n very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n when_o they_o be_v exceed_o cold_a and_o sometime_o drink_v they_o in_o bed_n as_o well_o as_o sometime_o at_o the_o springs-head_n i_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v whether_o in_o case_n i_o take_v they_o down_o very_o fast_o they_o will_v not_o through_o the_o warm_a muscle_n and_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la diffuse_v a_o sensible_a coldness_n and_o upon_o more_o trial_n than_o one_o i_o find_v that_o by_o lay_v my_o warm_a hand_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o my_o belly_n i_o there_o feel_v at_o least_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o manifest_a and_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o when_o i_o relate_v this_o to_o some_o ingenious_a person_n that_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o those_o spring_n than_o i_o they_o tell_v i_o that_o there_o be_v among_o those_o many_o that_o then_o resort_v to_o those_o famous_a spring_n a_o knight_n who_o name_n i_o remember_v not_o who_o disease_n be_v judge_v formidable_a the_o physician_n enjoin_v he_o to_o drink_v in_o a_o morning_n two_o or_o three_o time_n the_o quantity_n that_o afford_v i_o the_o observation_n i_o be_v relate_v and_o that_o when_o this_o knight_n have_v fill_v his_o belly_n with_o so_o much_o water_n he_o use_v mighty_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o coldness_n it_o diffuse_v through_o his_o abdomen_fw-la insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o ply_v those_o part_n long_o with_o hot_a napkin_n clap_v to_o they_o one_o after_o another_o which_o yet_o as_o he_o complain_v be_v soon_o refrigerated_a by_o the_o excessive_a cold_a that_o the_o water_n diffuse_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o belly_n which_o yet_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o that_o i_o can_v learn_v at_o all_o prejudice_v no_o more_o than_o i_o by_o so_o sensible_a and_o pierce_a a_o cold._n 8._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o in_o case_n water_n be_v not_o fluid_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o congenite_fw-la motion_n in_o the_o corpuscle_n it_o consist_v of_o its_o fluidness_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n either_o immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o surface_n or_o communicate_v its_o agitation_n to_o the_o water_n by_o propagation_n of_o its_o impulse_n through_o the_o vessel_n that_o interpose_v betwixt_o they_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o and_o some_o other_o thing_n we_o devise_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o provide_v a_o glass-bubble_n of_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o walnut_n and_o the_o form_n almost_o of_o a_o pear_n who_o stem_n be_v purposely_o make_v crooked_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o suspension_n this_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n which_o be_v troublesome_a enough_o to_o be_v do_v unless_o one_o have_v the_o knack_n we_o hang_v it_o at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o thread_n who_o other_o end_n we_o pass_v through_o a_o cork_n by_o a_o perforation_n purposely_o make_v into_o which_o we_o afterward_o fasten_v the_o thread_n by_o thrust_v in_o a_o small_a peg_n to_o rivet_v it_o in_o then_o fill_v a_o glass_n not_o very_o broad_a but_o yet_o furnish_v with_o a_o mouth_n wide_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o bubble_n with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n such_o as_o we_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o shop_n we_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o the_o new_o mention_v cork_n so_o that_o the_o seal_a bubble_n hang_v at_o it_o be_v cover_v and_o every_o way_n surround_v by_o the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o be_v a_o liquor_n that_o at_o least_o in_o such_o cold_n as_o we_o here_o have_v will_v not_o freeze_v we_o place_v the_o glass_n in_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v it_o therein_o and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o about_o three_o