snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stinkâ—_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a
mix_v with_o it_o by_o press_v into_o the_o vessel_n i_o shall_v add_v instance_n not_o liable_a to_o such_o objection_n for_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o at_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la but_o elsewhere_o by_o divers_a that_o the_o water_n be_v as_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n observe_v the_o water_n exceed_v salt_n but_o have_v bring_v several_a lump_n of_o salt_n from_o the_o bottom_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a saltness_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v discover_v near_o the_o strait_n of_o gibralter_n mouth_n and_o further_o that_o i_o may_v not_o only_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v thus_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n i_o procure_v two_o quart_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o one_o take_v up_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o another_o at_o the_o top_n in_o which_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o colour_n yet_o be_v hydrostatical_o try_v there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n in_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o they_o but_o to_o make_v out_o what_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v viz._n that_o the_o freshness_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o goa_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o rise_n of_o some_o spring_n under_o water_n though_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n obstruct_v the_o rise_n of_o fresh_a water_n yet_o this_o objection_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o our_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n and_o also_o what_o stevinus_n have_v observe_v let_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v never_o so_o great_a no_o more_o can_v resist_v the_o rise_n of_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o pillar_n of_o water_n which_o lie_v over_o they_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n and_o if_o the_o spring_n take_v its_o rise_n from_o some_o high_a place_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o vein_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o perpendicular_a pillar_n of_o sea_n water_n the_o rise_n of_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o incumbent_a water_n but_o to_o explain_v and_o confirm_v this_o paradox_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v procure_v a_o long_a glass_n syphon_n part_n of_o it_o be_v invert_v so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o short_a leg_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o claret_n stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n with_o my_o thumb_n which_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v in_o salt_n water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v open_v the_o claret_n notwithstanding_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n present_o rise_v up_o in_o it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o cloud_n which_o last_v till_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o just_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o salt_n water_n sea_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o sea_n water_n i_o deny_v not_o what_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o modern_n teach_v but_o grant_v that_o the_o saltness_n proceed_v from_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o that_o saltness_n be_v not_o only_o supply_v by_o those_o salt_n rock_n which_o may_v be_v contiguous_a to_o or_o near_o the_o water_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v by_o salt_n wash_v away_o and_o carry_v into_o it_o by_o spring_n and_o rain-water_n which_o float_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o suspicion_n because_o several_a chemist_n have_v not_o only_o find_v salt_n in_o some_o water_n but_o have_v obtain_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n upon_o refine_n of_o salt-petre_n which_o according_a to_o sir_n francis_n bacon_n be_v in_o most_o soil_n which_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o vegetation_n or_o wash_v and_o consume_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v too_o long_o on_o these_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o only_o probable_a that_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o this_o mean_n contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v such_o salt_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o latent_fw-la spring_n not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o discern_v by_o we_o and_o further_o that_o such_o salt_n as_o abound_v in_o the_o earth_n may_v supply_v the_o sea_n with_o most_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o we_o be_v to_o render_v it_o further_o probable_a to_o consider_v that_o the_o sea-salt_n and_o that_o be_v agreeable_a in_o the_o main_a with_o each_o other_o since_o they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o shape_n and_o taste_n etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o will_v appear_v by_o evaporation_n and_o crystalize_a they_o and_o as_o for_o some_o small_a difference_n to_o be_v perceive_v betwixt_o they_o that_o may_v easy_o arise_v from_o those_o bituminous_a and_o other_o as_o well_o as_o nitrous_a body_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o which_o may_v be_v mix_v with_o they_o both_o by_o the_o internal_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o outward_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o air._n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea-water_n may_v be_v probable_a if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o to_o raise_v the_o fresh_a water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v in_o by_o distillation_n as_o to_o leave_v the_o saline_n part_v behind_o but_o not_o now_o to_o mention_v that_o not_o only_o i_o but_o the_o judicious_a sir_n john_n haukin_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n have_v by_o distil_v of_o salt-water_n obtain_v from_o it_o a_o wholesome_a fresh_a water_n i_o shall_v without_o make_v a_o long_a digression_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v urge_v against_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v viz._n that_o if_o the_o spring_v acquire_v such_o a_o saltness_n by_o run_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v be_v discernible_a before_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o beside_o those_o fresh_a spring_n which_o be_v visible_a to_o we_o there_o may_v be_v several_a other_o which_o lie_v too_o deep_a for_o we_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n whole_o depend_v on_o such_o supply_n but_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o saltness_n of_o it_o whence_o the_o bitterness_n of_o sea_n water_n whence_o have_v say_v so_o much_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v now_o seasonable_a to_o observe_v from_o whence_o proceed_v that_o bitterness_n remarkable_a in_o some_o if_o not_o most_o sea-water_n which_o we_o conceive_v may_v proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o external_a power_n of_o some_o catholic_n agent_n and_o partly_o from_o those_o bituminous_a body_n which_o be_v carry_v along_o with_o spring-water_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v visible_o apparent_a in_o the_o island_n barbadoes_n where_o that_o which_o they_o call_v barbadoes_n tarr_n have_v be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o these_o cause_n may_v concur_v some_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n and_o effluvia_fw-la which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o flow_v from_o and_o pervade_v the_o earth_n and_o as_o for_o those_o different_a taste_n which_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o sea_n at_o several_a place_n it_o be_v no_o less_o probable_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o other_o adventitious_a body_n mix_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o sea-water_n for_o that_o the_o sea-salt_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o it_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a salt_n but_o a_o compound_n i_o have_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v by_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o obtain_v from_o it_o and_o that_o some_o catholic_n agent_n may_v work_v change_n in_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o it_o will_v not_o otherwise_o have_v by_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o those_o adventitious_a body_n that_o be_v mix_v in_o it_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v since_o i_o have_v find_v that_o by_o keep_v the_o part_n of_o sea-water_n in_o agitation_n by_o a_o continue_a digestive_a heat_n it_o have_v considerable_o differ_v in_o taste_n from_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o water_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v vary_v in_o several_a place_n i_o shall_v bare_o intimate_v those_o several_a colour_n different_a
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from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o
receiver_n with_o the_o same_o ingredient_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n in_o some_o time_n the_o spirit_n acquire_v a_o very_a pleasant_a blue_a colour_n and_o two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o that_o colour_n begin_v to_o grow_v faint_a and_o faint_a so_o that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o day_n it_o have_v whole_o lose_v its_o colour_n but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o four_o or_o five_o minute_n the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o turn_v blue_a and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o ten_o minute_n it_o diffuse_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a and_o five_o minute_n after_o grow_v so_o strong_a as_o almost_o to_o be_v opacous_a the_o liquor_n shut_v up_o again_o in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n time_n grow_v clear_a and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v several_a time_n have_v the_o like_a success_n in_o try_v these_o experiment_n i_o forbear_v to_o shake_v the_o glass_n lest_o the_o alteration_n shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o any_o sediment_n raise_v and_o mix_v with_o the_o liquor_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n none_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v experiment_n vii_o armon_n file_n of_o copper_n with_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n have_v enclose_v file_n of_o copper_n with_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a enough_o to_o cover_v they_o a_o inch_n we_o shut_v up_o with_o they_o a_o gage_n in_o some_o time_n the_o spirit_n have_v get_v a_o blue_a colour_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o two_o or_o three_o day_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n descend_v near_o 1_o â—_o of_o a_o inch._n the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v several_a time_n after_o experiment_n viii_o vinegar_n coral_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n a_o mercurial_a gage_n with_o coral_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o conical_a glass_n whilst_o the_o menstruum_fw-la work_v on_o the_o coral_n several_a bubble_n be_v produce_v which_o break_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vessel_n compress_v the_o air_n into_o â…”_n part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o but_o after_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v end_v the_o compression_n decline_v till_o the_o compress_v air_n regain_v its_o extent_n within_o a_o three_o of_o what_o it_o be_v dispossess_v of_o by_o the_o compression_n minium_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o minium_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o minium_n be_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n enclose_v with_o a_o gage_n in_o a_o conical_a glass_n though_o the_o minium_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n dissolve_v yet_o the_o gage_n discover_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o air._n experiment_n ix_o armon_n file_v of_o copper_n with_o sp._n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n about_o the_o 20_o of_o august_n we_o put_v file_n of_o copper_n into_o a_o viol_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n as_o cover_v they_o a_o inch_n in_o three_o day_n it_o have_v acquire_v a_o deep_a blue_a colour_n and_o almost_o lose_v it_o again_o the_o viol_n be_v open_v in_o five_o minute_n it_o be_v of_o a_o deep_a blue_n but_o be_v shut_v up_o again_o nine_o day_n it_o lose_v its_o colour_n experiment_n x._o the_o same_o ingredient_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o viol_n hermetical_o seal_v present_o acquire_v a_o deep_a blue_n and_o in_o twelve_o day_n after_o lose_v it_o again_o during_o which_o time_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o open_a leg_n be_v impel_v up_o but_o when_o in_o the_o night_n the_o seal_n be_v break_v open_a there_o succeed_v a_o noise_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v raise_v brisk_o near_o 3_o â—_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o though_o the_o air_n have_v access_n to_o the_o liquor_n at_o a_o orifice_n no_o large_a than_o a_o pea_n yet_o in_o a_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n have_v acquire_v a_o lovely_a fair_a colour_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o five_o minute_n the_o whole_a be_v blue_n chap._n xiii_o a_o statical_a hygroscope_n propose_v to_o the_o secretary_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n consider_v how_o much_o man_n body_n be_v influence_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o dryness_n i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a hygroscope_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o those_o quality_n viz._n a_o sponge_n which_o be_v a_o body_n that_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n much_o more_o commodious_o than_o several_a other_o body_n for_o though_o common_a sea-salt_n or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o separate_v it_o from_o they_o again_o and_o though_o lute-string_n discover_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o bulk_n yet_o they_o continue_v not_o to_o answer_v expectation_n long_o i_o likewise_o make_v use_n of_o a_o cup_n make_v of_o a_o light_a wood_n with_o a_o button_n on_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o to_o which_o a_o hair_n be_v tie_v it_o be_v by_o that_o suspend_v at_o a_o balance_n and_o also_o i_o observe_v several_a thing_n when_o i_o make_v use_v of_o sheep_n leather_n which_o will_v be_v a_o good_a hygroscope_n be_v plentiful_o furnish_v with_o pore_n to_o imbibe_n moisture_n but_o that_o it_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o rot_v than_o sponge_n hygroscope_n a_o statical_a hygroscope_n for_o in_o the_o main_a i_o find_v nothing_o so_o convenient_a as_o sponge_n which_o be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o pore_n that_o a_o drachm_n have_v imbibe_v as_o much_o water_n as_o it_o can_v contain_v without_o drop_v weigh_v 2_o ounce_n and_o 2_o drachm_n and_o all_o that_o be_v require_v in_o use_v this_o hygroscope_n be_v that_o the_o piece_n of_o sponge_n make_v use_v of_o be_v first_o weigh_v in_o air_n of_o a_o moderate_a temperature_n with_o a_o nice_a balance_n for_o as_o afterward_o it_o increase_v or_o decrease_v in_o weight_n so_o accordin_o the_o air_n be_v moist_a or_o dry_a in_o make_v use_n of_o this_o statical_a hygroscope_n you_o may_v use_v what_o quantity_n of_o sponge_n you_o please_v so_o that_o its_o weight_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o to_o injure_v the_o balance_n chap._n fourteen_o a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o utility_n of_o hygroscope_n hygroscope_n the_o usefulness_n of_o hygroscope_n the_o use_n of_o a_o hygroscope_n be_v either_o general_n or_o particular_a the_o general_a use_n be_v to_o estimate_v the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n by_o way_n of_o measure_v they_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v provide_v and_o communicate_v this_o appear_v from_o the_o description_n of_o our_o statical_a hygroscope_n by_o which_o we_o can_v by_o the_o help_n of_o small_a weight_n discover_v the_o least_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o only_a advantage_n in_o our_o hygroscope_n that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v such_o alteration_n in_o the_o air_n be_v temper_n but_o it_o be_v a_o additional_a one_o that_o it_o be_v durable_a and_o last_a n._n b._n it_o be_v one_o great_a thing_n want_v in_o the_o preparation_n of_o hygroscope_n that_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v a_o standard_n of_o moisture_n and_o dryness_n to_o adjust_a and_o compare_v other_o hygroscope_n by_o but_o have_v thus_o brief_o intimate_v the_o most_o general_a use_n of_o hygroscope_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o mention_v their_o particular_a uses_n use_v i._o to_o know_v the_o differ_a variation_n of_o wether_n in_o the_o same_o month_n day_n and_o hour_n i_o have_v common_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o wether_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n the_o sponge_n grow_v heavy_a in_o the_o night_n but_o lose_v that_o moisture_n the_o next_o day_n before_o noon_n but_o in_o frosty_a night_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o winter_n this_o observation_n do_v not_o hold_v among_o other_o observation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o note_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o correspondence_n in_o the_o air_n be_v operation_n on_o hygroscope_n and_o baroscope_n and_o if_o at_o all_o in_o what_o kind_n of_o wether_n for_o usual_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o the_o hygroscope_n be_v light_a the_o baroscope_n be_v high_a though_o strong_a wind_n may_v make_v both_o light_a such_o as_o the_o north-west_n with_o we_o whereas_o south_n wind_n with_o rain_n usual_o make_v the_o baroscope_n light_a and_o the_o sponge_n heavy_a and_o east_n wind_n though_o they_o make_v the_o baroscope_n heavy_a in_o winter_n yet_o they_o make_v the_o hygroscope_n light_a it_o will_v likewise_o be_v of_o use_n to_o observe_v on_o the_o sea-coast_n whether_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n cause_v any_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o hygroscope_n as_o likewise_o at_o what_o time_n the_o air_n be_v moiste_v especial_o at_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n by_o which_o observation_n we_o may_v
the_o canary_n bird_n build_v in_o the_o barrancos_fw-la of_o gills_o bird_n bird_n which_o the_o water_n have_v fret_v away_o in_o the_o mountain_n place_n very_o cold_a they_o have_v also_o quail_n and_o partridge_n less_o than_o we_o great_a wood_n pigeon_n turtle_n at_o spring_n crow_n and_o sometime_o the_o falcon_n appear_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n they_o have_v goat_n on_o the_o mountain_n etc._n beast_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o hog_n and_o coney_n but_o their_o camel_n come_v from_o lancerote_n among_o their_o fish_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n the_o cherna_n fish_n fish_n a_o large_a well-tasted_n fish_n the_o mero_n dolphin_n shark_n lobster_n mussel_n periwinkle_n and_o the_o clacas_n the_o best_a fish_n in_o the_o world_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o rock_n 5_o or_o 6_o under_o a_o shell_n through_o the_o top_n of_o which_o they_o peep_v with_o their_o neb_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o fish_n with_o 7_o tail_n each_o of_o which_o be_v a_o span_n long_o unite_v to_o a_o short_a body_n and_o much_o resemble_v our_o eel_n they_o have_v beside_o these_o turtle_n and_o cabridos_n preferable_a before_o our_o trout_n the_o island_n be_v full_a of_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n like_o milk_n spring_n spring_n which_o in_o laguna_n they_o strain_v through_o a_o basin_n make_v of_o a_o spongy_a stone_n their_o vine_n be_v very_o plentiful_a vine_n vine_n inhaâ—…ants_n custom_n of_o the_o inhaâ—…ants_n dr._n pugh_n who_o have_v do_v some_o charitable_a cure_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n call_v guanchios_n be_v permit_v to_o visit_v the_o cave_n where_o the_o dead_a body_n lie_v which_o be_v sew_v up_o in_o goat_n skin_n very_o curious_o and_o close_o with_o thong_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v more_o soft_a and_o pliable_a than_o our_o kid_n skin_n the_o preserve_v of_o body_n thus_o by_o embalm_v they_o be_v a_o custom_n of_o a_o particular_a tribe_n of_o man_n who_o marry_v only_o among_o themselves_o and_o keep_v their_o art_n of_o embalm_v to_o themselves_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o spaniard_n most_o of_o they_o be_v destroy_v the_o knowledge_n they_o retain_v of_o the_o ingredient_n be_v by_o tradition_n which_o be_v that_o body_n of_o the_o embalm_v of_o body_n they_o boil_v in_o butter_n of_o goat_n milk_n which_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o skin_n one_a a_o sort_n of_o wild_a lavender_n 2_o a_o gummy_a herb_n call_v gara_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o mountain_n 3_o a_o kind_n of_o showbread_n 4_o a_o wild_a sage_n of_o which_o they_o make_v a_o balsam_n and_o when_o their_o body_n be_v embowel_v and_o several_a time_n wash_v in_o a_o lixivium_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o pinetree_n and_o dry_v again_o either_o in_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n or_o in_o a_o stove_n in_o winter_n they_o then_o several_a time_n successive_o anoint_v they_o with_o the_o balsam_n and_o dry_v they_o again_o till_o they_o grow_v light_n and_o the_o musculous_a part_n appear_v through_o the_o shrieveled_a skin_n and_o then_o they_o sew_v they_o up_o in_o goat_n skin_n curious_o dress_v but_o the_o poor_a sort_n have_v their_o brain_n take_v out_o be_v sew_v up_o in_o skin_n which_o have_v the_o hair_n on_o they_o have_v above_o 20_o whole_a family_n of_o their_o king_n and_o great_a person_n which_o they_o will_v not_o discover_v they_o be_v lay_v in_o several_a posture_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v lay_v along_o on_o bed_n of_o wood_n so_o harden_v that_o iron_n will_v not_o cut_v they_o they_o also_o have_v earthen_a pot_n so_o harden_v which_o they_o boil_v their_o meat_n in_o they_o make_v their_o knife_n and_o lancet_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o slate_n call_v tabona_n food_n their_o food_n their_o food_n be_v barley_n roast_v and_o grind_v betwixt_o two_o stone_n which_o they_o make_v into_o cake_n with_o milk_n and_o honey_n and_o carry_v it_o on_o their_o back_n in_o goat_n skin_n they_o drink_v no_o wine_n nor_o do_v they_o care_v for_o flesh_n but_o be_v lean_a tall_n very_o active_a and_o courageous_a they_o will_v leap_v from_o one_o rock_n to_o another_o activity_n activity_n sometime_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a have_v a_o lance_n which_o they_o point_v at_o the_o place_n which_o they_o design_v to_o light_v on_o and_o then_o when_o they_o leap_v they_o clap_v their_o foot_n to_o the_o lance_n which_o lance_n light_v on_o the_o rock_n first_o take_v off_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o fall_n novice_n often_o break_v their_o neck_n in_o learning_n they_o whistle_v so_o loud_o they_o may_v be_v hear_v 5_o mile_n and_o it_o so_o affect_a the_o relator_n ear_n who_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o of_o they_o that_o he_o can_v not_o hear_v well_o of_o 15_o day_n after_o beside_o they_o throw_v stone_n with_o as_o much_o force_n as_o a_o bullet_n go_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n but_o to_o return_v to_o mount_n teneriff_n by_o one_o that_o go_v to_o the_o top_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o no_o snow_n be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o though_o it_o be_v on_o the_o north_n side_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sugar-loaf_n he_o likewise_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sack_n which_o they_o drink_v at_o the_o top_n be_v exceed_v cold_a and_o seem_v to_o have_v no_o effect_n on_o they_o yet_o when_o they_o come_v into_o a_o thick_a air_n two_o of_o the_o company_n be_v drink_v have_v try_v to_o fire_v a_o birding-piece_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n he_o can_v not_o the_o company_n that_o give_v the_o former_a relation_n say_v they_o do_v the_o sulphureous_a matter_n they_o travel_v over_o be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o burn_v two_o or_o three_o pair_n of_o pump_n in_o piece_n in_o the_o journey_n though_o their_o foot_n be_v not_o sensible_o more_o hot_a than_o at_o other_o time_n in_o some_o region_n of_o the_o same_o mountain_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o very_o cold_a query_n to_o what_o depth_n the_o water_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o hard_a winter_n to_o what_o depth_n the_o earth_n will_v be_v freeze_v at_o the_o same_o time_n whether_o muscovian_a ice_n be_v hard_a than_o that_o in_o england_n whether_o liquor_n cast_v up_o will_v freeze_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n whether_o brandy_n sack_n etc._n etc._n will_v freeze_v in_o russia_n whether_o instrument_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n be_v britler_n there_o than_o here_o of_o the_o crack_n of_o timber_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o in_o wooden_a house_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o flesh_n fish_n herb_n etc._n etc._n in_o hard_a wether_n of_o the_o cure_n of_o those_o who_o nose_n or_o cheek_n etc._n etc._n be_v freeze_v of_o the_o symptom_n of_o those_o that_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n of_o the_o keep_n of_o dead_a body_n tittle_n xx._n of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o light_n it_o be_v perspicuity_n opacity_n reflection_n refraction_n colour_n light_n and_o lightning_n ctc._o of_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o light_n ctc._o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o traveller_n that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o genova_n from_o a_o high_a place_n he_o can_v see_v place_n remote_a in_o a_o morning_n though_o not_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o the_o meridian_n the_o late_a king_n charles_n the_o second_o tell_v i_o that_o walk_v upon_o the_o beack_n on_o the_o strand_n by_o dover_n he_o unexpected_o discern_v a_o coast_n which_o have_v rise_v and_o fall_v ground_n upon_o the_o verge_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o courtier_n that_o stand_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o disappear_v again_o as_o if_o it_o have_v sink_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v to_o this_o viz._n that_o that_o coast_n lie_v but_o a_o little_a too_o far_o off_o to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o air_n interpose_v betwixt_o his_o majesty_n eye_n and_o the_o shoar_n be_v fill_v with_o vapour_n and_o subterraneal_a steam_n be_v render_v more_o refractive_a than_o before_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o new_a refraction_n the_o french_a coast_n which_o lie_v beyond_o it_o be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v lift_v up_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o sight_n and_o so_o become_v visible_a as_o long_o as_o that_o new_a refraction_n last_v but_o when_o those_o steam_n be_v dissipate_v they_o present_o disappear_v in_o favour_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o allege_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o cup_n and_o the_o eye_n so_o place_v that_o the_o object_n be_v but_o just_a hide_v from_o it_o upon_o pour_v in_o water_n the_o object_n will_v without_o remove_v the_o eye_n become_v visible_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v a_o thick_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n refract_v the_o ray_n and_o
vitriol_n pour_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sal-armon_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n and_o texture_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a we_o gradual_o add_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o whilst_o upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o the_o salt_n the_o water_n become_v cold_a we_o pour_v in_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n upon_o which_o the_o mixture_n become_v hot_a where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o though_o salarmoniack_a in_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n produce_v cold_a yet_o a_o contrary_a effect_n shall_v happen_v upon_o its_o mixture_n with_o both_o together_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o the_o two_o liquor_n overpowr_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o the_o salt_n be_v able_a otherwise_o to_o produce_v experiment_n ix_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o same_o mixture_n be_v so_o uncertain_a sometime_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o have_v place_v a_o thermometer_n in_o eight_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n and_o gradual_o put_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n after_o some_o time_n the_o ingredient_n have_v work_v upon_o each_o other_o with_o a_o copious_a froth_n and_o a_o hiss_a noise_n the_o bottle_n be_v something_o warm_a and_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermometer_n raise_v yet_o another_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n prepare_v without_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n pour_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o a_o incalescence_n a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n will_v be_v produce_v experiment_n x._o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n shake_v together_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salarmoniack_a acquire_v a_o sort_n of_o goolness_n but_o if_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o the_o salt_n be_v first_o mix_v upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n they_o become_v hot_a and_o though_o salt_n of_o tartar_n grow_v hot_a in_o water_n yet_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o cinnabar_fw-la distil_v in_o a_o strong_a fire_n produce_v no_o heat_n notwithstanding_o a_o hiss_v nolse_o like_o that_o of_o quicklime_n succeed_v its_o immersion_n effect_n a_o coincident_a disposition_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_a requisite_a to_o the_o production_n of_o their_o effect_n that_o the_o artificial_a production_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v obstruct_v by_o a_o indisposition_n in_o the_o patient_n to_o be_v act_v on_o by_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o cold_a i_o have_v learn_v by_o several_a observation_n and_o particular_o by_o note_v that_o though_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v so_o fiery_a a_o liquor_n as_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n itself_o and_o to_o dissolve_v ice_n soon_o than_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o a_o pound_n of_o choice_n rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bottle_n except_o a_o little_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v whole_o coagulate_v into_o a_o consistent_a mass_n like_o ice_n notwithstanding_o the_o glass_n stand_v in_o a_o elaboratory_n in_o which_o that_o oil_n be_v never_o at_o any_o other_o time_n observe_v to_o congeal_v and_o this_o phenomenon_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o the_o oil_n continue_v in_o that_o state_n when_o the_o wether_n be_v too_o moderate_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n on_o the_o contrary_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o oil_n of_o anniseed_n which_o usual_o coagulate_v with_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o cold_a than_o water_n continue_v undisturbed_a and_o transparent_a without_o the_o least_o coagulation_n in_o a_o very_a frosty_a season_n and_o the_o like_a we_o have_v observe_v in_o camphire_n reduce_v to_o a_o oil_n by_o some_o nitrous_a spirit_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o section_n if_o heat_n depend_v on_o a_o brisk_a agitation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a and_o if_o cold_a be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n than_o that_o about_o our_o sensory_a it_o appear_v that_o a_o imminution_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v the_o contrary_a quality_n viz._n coldness_n and_o though_o cold_a seem_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n a_o privitive_a quality_n yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o agent_n which_o cause_v that_o imminution_n act_v positive_o upon_o the_o part_n in_o motion_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o positive_a quality_n though_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o sensory_a it_o be_v but_o a_o relative_a one_o as_o lukewarm_a water_n will_v appear_v hot_a or_o cold_a as_o the_o hand_n immerse_v in_o it_o have_v either_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n and_o indeed_o the_o principal_a mistake_n which_o sometime_o occur_v in_o discourse_n concern_v cold_a happen_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o that_o expression_n which_o sometime_o be_v use_v to_o signify_v the_o idea_n imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o advention_n of_o a_o external_a object_n sometime_o for_o a_o imminution_n of_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o cause_n heat_v and_o sometime_o for_o the_o object_n upon_o a_o contact_n of_o which_o we_o perceive_v cold._n chap._n ii_o show_v that_o not_o only_o our_o sense_n but_o common_a weather-glass_n may_v misinform_v we_o about_o cold._n cold._n neither_o our_o sensory_n nor_o weather-glass_n infallible_a criterion_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold._n though_o most_o philosopher_n have_v hitherto_o take_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sensory_n for_o the_o only_a criterion_n by_o which_o they_o estimate_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o since_o cold_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o organ_n only_o a_o relative_n thing_n and_o since_o it_o have_v sensible_a effect_n on_o other_o body_n which_o be_v affect_v by_o more_o minute_n variation_n than_o our_o sensory_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o 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when_o we_o come_v out_o of_o a_o hot_a bath_n they_o be_v less_o agitate_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o cause_v a_o cold_a sensation_n by_o alter_v and_o check_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o before_o be_v brisk_o agitate_a about_o our_o sensory_n but_o our_o sensory_n may_v not_o only_o misinform_v we_o in_o such_o case_n where_o they_o evident_o appear_v to_o be_v different_o temper_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o object_n but_o sometime_o when_o those_o variation_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n be_v cause_v by_o unsuspected_a agent_n or_o insensible_a degree_n so_o we_o perceive_v the_o air_n in_o a_o cellar_n much_o cold_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o body_n accustom_v to_o a_o warm_a air_n descend_v into_o it_o nay_o sometime_o we_o judge_v amiss_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a when_o we_o think_v our_o sensory_n unaltered_a so_o air_n blow_v out_o of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o upon_o the_o sensory_a by_o penetrate_v into_o the_o pore_n and_o retardate_v the_o agitation_n of_o the_o humour_n seem_v cold_o than_o before_o yet_o when_o blow_v upon_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n that_o motion_n enable_v it_o not_o to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n beside_o sometime_o we_o may_v be_v more_o sensible_o affect_v with_o cold_a when_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n in_o general_a but_o either_o on_o some_o steam_n which_o be_v endow_v with_o frigorifick_a quality_n as_o opium_n external_o apply_v or_o on_o some_o chill_a distemper_a humour_n in_o our_o body_n but_o further_a sometime_o body_n appear_v cold_a to_o our_o sensory_n than_o to_o a_o weatherglass_n because_o the_o former_a be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o density_n and_o penetrancy_n of_o the_o part_n so_o water_n have_v appear_v cold_a to_o our_o body_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o when_o by_o a_o nice_a weatherglass_n i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o it_o be_v cold_o
garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o ground_n freeze_v ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 86._o say_v that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xiii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o lee-ward_n of_o great_a bank_n of_o ice_n they_o may_v discover_v they_o by_o the_o access_n of_o cold_a twenty_o league_n title_n fourteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o different_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v diffuse_v of_o the_o medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v in_o try_v these_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o medium_n be_v not_o to_o be_v too_o thick_a since_o from_o experiment_n already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o compact_n medium_fw-la very_o thick_o will_v not_o give_v way_n to_o cold._n 1._o have_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o a_o pipkin_n and_o another_o in_o a_o white_a basin_n glaze_v within_o and_o without_o they_o be_v both_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n and_o that_o cold_a will_v penetrate_v pewter-bottle_n appear_v from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o 2._o have_v cause_v two_o cup_n to_o be_v make_v of_o latin_a or_o plate_n of_o iron_n cover_v over_o with_o tin_n the_o convex_a part_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o less_o have_v a_o broad_a ledge_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o it_o rest_v on_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o other_o so_o as_o to_o leave_v a_o interval_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a superficies_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o other_o we_o fill_v that_o interval_n with_o water_n and_o put_v a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n within_o the_o less_o cup_n and_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o other_o we_o have_v cup_n of_o ice_n make_v of_o the_o enclose_a water_n 2._o the_o learned_a erasmus_n bartholinus_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la nivis_fw-la mention_n a_o experiment_n by_o which_o air_n be_v 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