experiment_n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o 77._o ten_o ounce_n of_o paste_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n paste_n from_o paste_n i_o impress_v air_n enough_o into_o it_o to_o sustain_v 73_o inch_n of_o mercury_n above_o the_o length_n of_o a_o cylinder_n which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o in_o two_o hour_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n feb._n 23._o in_o 18_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o in_o 6_o hour_n more_o it_o ascend_v 8_o inch_n high_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o 83_o inch_n feb._n 24_o it_o be_v 90_o inch_n high_a feb._n 25_o it_o be_v 97_o inch_n high_a feb._n 26_o it_o be_v 101_o inch_n high_a feb._n 27_o it_o be_v 105_o inch_n high_a feb._n 28_o it_o be_v 107_o ½_n inch_n high_a march_n 1_o it_o be_v 112_o inch_n high_a water_n seem_v to_o be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o paste_n march_n 2_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 120_o inch_n march_n 3_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 121_o inch_n march_n 4_o &_o 5_o it_o remain_v at_o 121_o inch_n march_n 8._o upon_o a_o thaw_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v 4_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 125_o digit_n march_n 10._o it_o rise_v 6_o digit_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 131_o digit_n march_n 21._o the_o season_n be_v so_o long_o cold_a no_o air_n be_v generate_v except_o that_o in_o the_o three_o last_o day_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 138_o digit_n april_n 4._o one_o of_o the_o iron_n wire_n make_v use_v of_o to_o straiten_v the_o receiver_n be_v break_v and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cold_a and_o compression_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n experiment_n v._n march_n 1._o 77._o two_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bruise_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n with_o six_o ounce_n of_o vinegar_n it_o afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o march_n 2._o it_o still_o yield_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v half_o a_o inch._n march_n 25._o the_o vinegar_n seem_v to_o contain_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v a_o inch._n so_o that_o vinegar_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n vi._n april_n 7._o have_v put_v 10_o ounce_n of_o paste_n into_o a_o receiver_n able_a to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o water_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o sustain_v mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 128_o inch_n in_o six_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v four_o inch_n be_v sustain_v at_o 132_o digit_n april_n 8._o in_o 16_o hour_n it_o ascend_v 9_o inch_n high_o but_o for_o nine_o hour_n after_o it_o rest_v at_o 141._o april_n 9_o some_o air_n break_v out_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 130_o inch_n therefore_o thrust_v in_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v it_o to_o 141_o i_o close_v it_o it_o up_o with_o a_o screw_n apr._n 10_o it_o be_v at_o 151_o digit_n apr._n 11_o it_o be_v at_o 158_o digit_n apr._n 12_o it_o be_v at_o 168_o digit_n apr._n 13_o it_o be_v at_o 176_o digit_n april_n 14_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 15_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 16_o it_o be_v at_o 187_o digit_n april_n 17_o it_o be_v at_o 191_o digit_n april_n 27._o eight_o day_n its_o station_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o two_o last_o it_o be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n be_v raise_v to_o 198_o digit_n april_n 30._o so_o much_o air_n be_v let_v out_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v but_o 50_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o compress_v state_n of_o that_o air_n hinder_v it_o from_o expanding_n the_o remain_a air_n be_v pin_v up_o present_o raise_v the_o mercury_n sensible_o and_o 3_o hour_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 62_o digit_n from_o 50._o in_o five_o hour_n space_n after_o rose_n 1_o ½_n may_v 1._o in_o 15_o hour_n it_o raise_v only_o a_o inch._n may_v 3_o on_o the_o second_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v no_o high_a i_o let_v the_o air_n go_v and_o the_o screw_v be_v set_v again_o in_o five_o minute_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n may_v 7._o in_o 3_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 2_o inch_n high_o may_v 8._o in_o the_o two_o last_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v ½_n a_o inch._n and_o the_o mass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 5_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o a_o inch._n may_v 21._o it_o have_v not_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n yet_o may_v 30._o it_o rest_v at_o 4_o inch_n and_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o air_n that_o paste_n will_v afford_v may_v be_v obtain_v from_o it_o though_o it_o be_v compress_v yet_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o some_o measure_n till_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o repeat_v turn_v and_o reciprocation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v more_o slow_o generate_v in_o compress_v than_o in_o free_a air_n it_o usual_o yield_v all_o that_o it_o will_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n time_n experiment_n viii_o artificial_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o have_v include_v plum_n and_o apricock_n cut_v asunder_o in_o a_o receiver_n apricock_n plum_n and_o apricock_n i_o press_v so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n into_o they_o as_o raise_v 64_o digit_n of_o mercury_n august_n 1_o they_o yield_v no_o air_n but_o become_v yellow_a as_o if_o too_o ripe_a august_n 3_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o a_o whole_a apricock_n appear_v full_a of_o drop_n of_o water_n august_n 7._o the_o whole_a apricock_n grow_v soft_a and_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n 59_o inch_n tall_a than_o its_o usual_a length_n august_n 8_o it_o be_v 61_o digit_n high_a august_n 9_o it_o be_v 65_o digit_n high_a august_n 10_o it_o be_v 71_o digit_n high_a august_n 11_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a april13_n it_o be_v 78_o digit_n high_a april14_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april15_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april16_n and_o till_o the_o 22_o the_o it_o rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o 24_o it_o be_v 77_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o 29_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o fruit_n be_v well_o colour_a and_o smell_v sub-acid_a the_o flesh_n be_v spongeous_a it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n when_o first_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n common_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n some_o be_v cut_v and_o other_o whole_a july_n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a august_n 1_o at_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o inch_n august_n 3_o the_o fruit_n be_v much_o more_o firm_a than_o those_o include_v with_o artificial_a air._n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 35_o inch_n august_n 4._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n august_n 6._o the_o apricock_n appear_v unaltered_a the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 57_o inch_n aug._n 7_o it_o be_v 81_o digit_n high_a aug._n 8_o it_o be_v 95_o digit_n high_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v 113_o digit_n high_a aug._n 10_o it_o be_v 124_o digit_n high_a the_o apricock_n begin_v to_o turn_v yellow_a but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o appear_v moist_a aug._n 11_o it_o be_v 131_o digit_n high_a aug._n 13_o it_o be_v 157_o digit_n high_a aug._n 14_o it_o be_v 163_o digit_n high_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 17_o and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n aug._n 27_o it_o be_v 182_o inch_n high_a aug._n 29_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o apricock_n be_v more_o acid_n and_o less_o grateful_a to_o the_o taste_n than_o those_o in_o factitious_a air_n the_o pulp_n be_v well_o colour_a but_o spongy_a they_o yield_v bubble_n as_o the_o other_o do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n hinder_v the_o apricock_n enclose_v with_o they_o from_o yield_a air_n yet_o it_o enrich_v their_o colour_n and_o firmness_n and_o be_v good_a to_o preserve_v their_o taste_n experiment_n viii_o wine_n grape_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n oct._n 11_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 12_o the_o ascent_n
exprimit_fw-la per_fw-la tubum_fw-la c._n d._n primum_fw-la quidem_fw-la vehementius_fw-la subinde_fw-la remissius_fw-la prout_fw-la aeris_fw-la vis_fw-la elastica_fw-la sensim_fw-la conquescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la idem_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la intra_fw-la vas_n comprimendo_fw-la ad_fw-la aquam_fw-la evibrandum_fw-la comminisci_fw-la placuit_fw-la servatâ_fw-la analogiâ_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la tum_fw-la conatu_fw-la manûs_fw-la rectâ_fw-la trusillum_fw-la impellentis_fw-la tum_fw-la open_a cochleae_fw-la similiter_fw-la conformatae_fw-la intra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la comprimendo_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la fistula_n deinde_fw-la multa_fw-la vi_fw-la emittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la ubi_fw-la reseratus_fw-la aeri_fw-la exitus_fw-la illum_fw-la subito_fw-la dilatari_fw-la permiserit_fw-la quin_n &_o pneumatica_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi citra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la aeris_fw-la compressi_fw-la construere_fw-la non_fw-la inutile_fw-la accidat_fw-la si_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la nostrate_v pveri_fw-la surculos_fw-la sambuceos_fw-la fungosa_fw-la medulla_n exhauriunt_fw-la &_o utraque_fw-la tubuli_fw-la extremitate_fw-la papyraceis_n globulis_fw-la obstructa_fw-la alterum_fw-la globulum_n congruo_fw-la cylindro_fw-la propellunt_fw-la atque_fw-la inclusum_fw-la aerem_fw-la densant_fw-fr quoad_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o elasticam_fw-la &_o impellentis_fw-la manûs_fw-la conatum_fw-la non_fw-la ferens_fw-la extremus_fw-la alter_fw-la globulus_n edito_fw-la scloppo_fw-it expellatur_fw-la ita_fw-la ferream_fw-la fistulam_fw-la longiorem_fw-la paraveris_fw-la cujus_fw-la alteri_fw-la extremitati_fw-la immittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la obducta_fw-la papyro_fw-la aut_fw-la simili_fw-la materia_fw-la ut_fw-la exquisitè_fw-fr tubi_n osculum_fw-la implens_fw-la demum_fw-la universam_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o excipiat_fw-la alteram_fw-la extremitatem_fw-la aliquot_fw-la spiris_fw-la ambiat_fw-la cava_fw-la cochlea_n quam_fw-la impleat_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la ferreus_fw-la in_o congruentem_fw-la cochleam_fw-it deformatus_fw-la si_fw-la enim_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la vis_fw-la brevior_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quam_fw-la fistula_n &_o apto_fw-la manubrio_fw-la convolutus_fw-la in_fw-la fistulam_fw-la sensim_fw-la immittatur_fw-la totum_fw-la aerem_fw-la quo_fw-la fistula_n replebatur_fw-la ad_fw-la exiguas_fw-la spatii_fw-la angustias_fw-la adiget_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la magna_fw-la vi_fw-la demum_fw-la qua_fw-la data_fw-la porta_fw-la erumpens_fw-la ejacul_fw-la abitur_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la globulum_n casati_n mechanicorum_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 5._o p._n 792._o 793._o etc._n etc._n tittle_n v._o of_o the_o magnetical_a particle_n in_o the_o air._n title_n vi_o of_o the_o destruction_n generation_n absorpsion_n and_o extrication_n of_o the_o air._n air._n concern_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n air_n be_v a_o body_n not_o only_o concern_v in_o agreat_a many_o phenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o likewise_o so_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n be_v think_v it_o of_o no_o small_a use_n to_o thy_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v artificial_o prepare_v and_o obtain_v from_o body_n which_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o abound_v with_o air_n for_o can_v it_o be_v do_v it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v considerable_a in_o help_v to_o explain_v several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o to_o preserve_v divers_a much_o long_o under_o water_n to_o try_v therefore_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v effect_v and_o whether_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v air_n be_v true_o so_o i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n take_v a_o durable_a springiness_n or_o elasticity_n as_o the_o criterion_n by_o which_o i_o shall_v judge_v whether_o the_o air_n generate_v be_v genuine_a or_o not_o experiment_n i._n jan._n 17._o steel_n air_n generate_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n file_n of_o steel_n and_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n which_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o be_v seal_v at_o both_o end_n but_o with_o a_o hole_n open_v near_o one_o of_o they_o be_v coveigh_v into_o a_o long_a and_o large_a tube_n so_o much_o water_n be_v put_v in_o with_o they_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o dilute_v the_o oil_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o external_n tube_n and_o the_o water_n exhaust_v till_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v so_o far_o raise_v in_o the_o open_a leg_n that_o little_o remain_v in_o the_o seal_a leg_n we_o close_v up_o the_o external_n tube_n exact_o and_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v cause_v to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o internal_a tube_n by_o act_v upon_o the_o metal_n it_o cause_v several_a bubble_n and_o a_o sensible_a heat_n when_o this_o conflict_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n so_o much_o air_n be_v generate_v as_o depress_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o open_a leg_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o raise_v it_o so_o much_o in_o the_o other_o that_o the_o air_n above_o it_o be_v more_o compress_v than_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v free_a liberty_n to_o press_v against_o it_o the_o spring_n of_o this_o new_o produce_v air_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o durable_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o mercury_n at_o â—he_n same_o height_n 3_o or_o 4_o day_n and_o some_o day_n after_o a_o boy_n have_v heedless_o remove_v the_o tube_n from_o its_o usual_a station_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n ascend_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a at_o which_o height_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o 25_o of_o january_n experiment_n ii_o march_n 8._o water_n flower_n moisten_v with_o water_n a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n be_v fill_v with_o flower_n of_o wheat_n drench_v with_o water_n and_o the_o orifice_n be_v close_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o strong_a cement_n after_o the_o glass_n have_v be_v place_v 13_o day_n in_o a_o warm_a place_n it_o be_v burst_v by_o the_o violent_a expansion_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n though_o the_o night_n before_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n below_o seem_v empty_a the_o taste_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n seem_v to_o i_o only_o a_o little_a sowrish_n but_o to_o another_o manifest_o acid_a experiment_n iii_o march_n 9_o water_n raisin_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o water_n bruise_a raisin_n with_o a_o little_a water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n when_o it_o be_v exhaust_v i_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n in_o four_o day_n no_o air_n be_v generate_v but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o bolt-head_n be_v burst_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o raisin_n throw_v about_o experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o a_o glass_n which_o will_v hold_v about_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o raisin_n put_v into_o the_o water_n a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o which_o have_v all_o the_o air_n squeeze_v out_o and_z in_o two_o day_n time_n it_o be_v so_o fill_v with_o air_n that_o we_o can_v not_o tie_v it_o up_o without_o lose_v some_o of_o the_o water_n experiment_n v._n april_n 28._o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v put_v into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n we_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o receiver_n fit_v with_o a_o eel-skin_n and_o a_o wire_n to_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o a_o thin_a glass_n vessel_n be_v tie_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n exhaust_v we_o thrust_v the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o file_n against_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o break_v it_o off_o whereupon_o the_o file_n fall_v into_o the_o menstruum_fw-la a_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n be_v generate_v the_o viol_n be_v keep_v ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n long_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o liquor_n acquire_v not_o the_o least_o greenness_n experiment_n vi._n water_n air_n shut_v up_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o spring_n water_n a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n be_v leave_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a viol_n with_o a_o long_a narrow_a neck_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o fine_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o then_o invert_v into_o a_o viol_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n another_o viol_n which_o have_v a_o bubble_n in_o the_o top_n be_v fill_v with_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n and_o invert_v it_o into_o the_o the_o same_o liquor_n on_o the_o six_o day_n the_o bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n disappear_v and_o on_o the_o seven_o that_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n vanish_v experiment_n vii_o may_v 23._o spawn_n frog_n be_v spawn_n a_o receiver_n which_o have_v be_v three_o year_n exhaust_v be_v open_v and_o a_o black_a opacous_a liquor_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v frog_n spawn_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o viol_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o stink_a smell_n but_o not_o mouldy_a it_o have_v yield_v some_o air._n experiment_n viii_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o miner_n meet_v with_o run_v water_n under_o ground_n they_o be_v by_o those_o supply_v with_o air_n enough_o for_o respiration_n though_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o stand_a water_n do_v not_o afford_v air._n experiment_n about_o the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o the_o examine_v thereof_o propose_v sect._n i._n to_o produce_v air_n by_o fermentation_n in_o receiver_n exact_o close_v and_o in_o
those_o vapour_n which_o swim_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n opacous_a a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v yield_v a_o liquor_n diaphanous_a and_o another_o opacous_a have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v one_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o the_o one_o diaphanous_a and_o the_o other_o opacous_a pour_v into_o a_o warm_a solution_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la about_o half_a a_o ounce_n or_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o lead_n be_v cautious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o so_o fast_o as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n boyl_n over_o the_o event_n of_o which_o will_v be_v that_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v immediate_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n the_o mercury_n run_v together_o again_o into_o a_o fluid_a body_n immerse_v in_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o success_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v frustrate_v the_o mercury_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v again_o recover_v if_o the_o white_a precipitate_v be_v diligent_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n with_o water_n body_n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n but_o to_o put_v a_o conclusion_n to_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o fluid_a but_o some_o consistent_a body_n have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o motion_n whence_o as_o we_o may_v conjecture_v proceed_v that_o dust_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n in_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o worm_n in_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o maggot_n in_o cheese_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n be_v further_a make_v probable_a both_o by_o that_o turpentine_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o sweat_v out_o of_o deal_v board_n and_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o other_o consistent_a part_n of_o body_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o those_o of_o cold_a animal_n substance_n as_o oyster-shell_n crabs-claw_n and_o such_o like_a consistent_a substance_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n their_o fluidity_n be_v sometime_o promote_v and_o also_o sometime_o destroy_v but_o since_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n sometime_o or_o other_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n i_o shall_v to_o close_v this_o chapter_n add_v a_o experiment_n which_o may_v intimate_v that_o the_o event_n of_o mixture_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v we_o evaporate_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n from_o whence_o we_o obtain_v a_o vitriol_n of_o a_o lovely_a colour_n we_o likewise_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o good_a tin_n in_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o though_o salt-petre_n as_o well_o as_o tin_n be_v both_o fusible_a yet_o this_o metalline_a mixture_n will_v neither_o melt_v on_o quick_a coal_n nor_o in_o a_o red_a hot_a crucible_n whereas_o the_o vitriol_n of_o copper_n will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n especial_o of_o liquor_n contiguous_a to_o other_o liquor_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v make_v of_o fluid_a body_n especial_o if_o according_o to_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n consist_v of_o fluids_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v only_o hint_v at_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v about_o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluid_a body_n may_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o illustrate_v as_o well_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v as_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o fluid_a body_n beside_o they_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a system_n of_o the_o world_n experiment_n i._o and_o ii_o liquor_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o fluids_n contain_v in_o a_o pipe_n be_v whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n i_o pour_v dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o a_o strong_a alkalizate_n menstrum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o glass_n of_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n i_o find_v that_o the_o menstrum_fw-la change_v its_o concave_n for_o a_o horizontal_a superficies_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o much_o great_a diameter_n and_o that_o superficial_a cavity_n be_v likewise_o almost_o destroy_v by_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iii_o water_n of_o water_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a liquor_n common_a water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n it_o retain_v its_o former_a surface_n though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n swim_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iu._n to_o try_v what_o surface_n will_v be_v make_v by_o a_o oil_n heavy_a than_o water_n turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o i_o put_v pure_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n which_o it_o have_v whilst_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a become_v convex_a and_o protuberant_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n experiment_n v._n etc._n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n again_o have_v put_v salt_n of_o tartar_n deliquate_v into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o pour_v oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la upon_o it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o have_v gentle_o pour_v water_n upon_o these_o two_o the_o oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la swim_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n at_o each_o end_n that_o next_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v most_o protuberant_a experiment_n vi._n cloves_n of_o oil_n of_o cloves_n have_v likewise_o put_v oil_n of_o clove_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n by_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n present_o become_v convex_a and_o this_o oil_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o swim_v upon_o water_n we_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n pour_v upon_o it_o likewise_o a_o little_a common_a water_n which_o be_v do_v we_o find_v the_o oil_n protuberant_a at_o both_o end_n but_o more_o at_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n experiment_n vii_o again_o have_v put_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o much_o long_a than_o the_o former_a we_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v otherwise_o considerable_o protuberant_a be_v in_o some_o measure_n depress_v when_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o experiment_n viii_o same_o of_o the_o same_o upon_o trial_n whether_o a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v alter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n i_o find_v that_o the_o great_a the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v the_o more_o it_o be_v depress_v though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o mercury_n contiguous_a to_o the_o glass_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o level_n have_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o superficies_n a_o protuberance_n semicircular_a and_o raise_v above_o the_o other_o level_a surface_n half_a its_o diameter_n which_o protuberance_n gradual_o subside_v as_o the_o mercury_n be_v draw_v off_o experiment_n ix_o boyliano_fw-it the_o surface_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v convey_v two_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a cylinder_v one_o contain_v water_n and_o the_o other_o mercury_n into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n
compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n will_v show_v what_o quantity_n of_o mineral_n substance_n the_o water_n have_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a or_o more_o volatile_a as_o it_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_a where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v sometime_o light_a than_o common_a water_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o volatile_a part_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v void_a of_o saline_n part_n which_o make_v common_a water_n something_o heavy_a but_o to_o discover_v the_o different_a weight_n of_o several_a mineral_n water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass-viol_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n three_o inch_n long_o to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o light_a as_o to_o weigh_v but_o ʒvi_fw-la +_o 42_o grain_n though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v ℥_o iij_o ss_z and_o 43_o grain_n of_o water_n which_o make_v it_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o nice_a balance_n by_o which_o i_o find_v the_o follow_a mineral_n water_n to_o differ_v thus_o in_o weight_n water_n ounce_n drachm_n grain_n common_a 3_o 4_o 43_o common_a distil_v 3_o 4_o 41_o acton_n 3_o 4_o 48_o ½_n epsom_n 3_o 4_o 51_o dulwich_n 3_o 4_o 54_o staton_n 3_o 4_o 55_o barnet_n 3_o 4_o 52_o north-hall_n 3_o 4_o 50_o german-spaw_n 3_o 4_o 40_o tunbridge_n 3_o 4_o 38_o islington_n from_o the_o music-house_n 3_o 4_o 36_o islington_n from_o the_o vault_n with_o step_n 3_o 4_o 39_o islington_n from_o the_o cellar_n 3_o 4_o 39_o 3._o of_o their_o different_a degree_n of_o transparency_n or_o opacity_n 4._o whether_o without_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o will_v afford_v a_o pracipitate_a by_o which_o observation_n the_o different_a soil_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v will_v not_o only_o be_v discover_v but_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v to_o distinguish_v such_o from_o the_o true_a caput_n mortuum_n of_o the_o water_n german_n spa_n water_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o yellowish_a ochre_n n._n b._n the_o water_n so_o try_v must_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o matter_n in_o most_o water_n 5._o what_o microscope_n can_v discover_v in_o mineral_n water_n n._n b._n those_o move_a corpuscle_n discernible_a in_o a_o solution_n of_o pepper_n etc._n etc._n in_o water_n be_v animalcula_fw-la and_o not_o portion_n of_o inanimate_a matter_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o such_o liquor_n which_o be_v apparent_a if_o those_o little_a animal_n be_v touch_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n for_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o they_o move_v much_o more_o slow_o 6._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o variety_n of_o colour_n in_o several_a mineral_n water_n 7._o of_o their_o different_a odour_n these_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v at_o the_o spring-head_n where_o not_o only_o a_o bituminous_a and_o sulphurous_a smell_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o mineral_n spring_n in_o france_n which_o have_v a_o manifest_a vinous_a odour_n 8._o concern_v the_o different_a taste_n of_o mineral_n water_n 9_o whether_o take_v it_o up_o or_o keep_v it_o stop_v or_o unstopped_a or_o whether_o freeze_a or_o thaw_v it_o will_v alter_v the_o colour_n smell_v or_o transparency_n of_o it_o for_o though_o some_o water_n retain_v their_o purgative_n virtue_n a_o good_a while_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o exhalation_n of_o some_o fugitive_a part_n from_o those_o which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o abound_v with_o spirituous_a part_n so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v carry_v but_o a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o fountain_n they_o present_o lose_v their_o power_n of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n into_o a_o purple_a and_o instead_o of_o that_o turn_v it_o red_a and_o even_o the_o strong_a water_n if_o keep_v unstop_v or_o not_o keep_v close_o present_o lose_v that_o property_n 10._o concern_v the_o different_a consistency_n of_o such_o water_n 11._o whether_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o expansion_n and_o condensation_n or_o heat_v and_o coldness_n than_o common_a water_n 12._o whether_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o putrify_v and_o how_o soon_o and_o what_o phaenomena_n they_o afford_v 13._o what_o alteration_n in_o colour_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o astringent_a juice_n with_o they_o as_o also_o their_o mixture_n with_o several_a juice_n of_o the_o body_n n._n b._n in_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n without_o consider_v the_o alteration_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o trial_n by_o a_o uncertain_a proportion_n of_o gall_n wherefore_o i_o usual_o make_v use_v of_o a_o settle_a proportion_n as_o 5_o grain_n to_o a_o ounce_n though_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v try_v with_o much_o more_o expedition_n and_o certainty_n by_o make_v use_n of_o the_o powder_n itself_o suspend_v about_o three_o grain_n of_o powder_n in_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n as_o a_o grain_n have_v give_v german_a spaw-water_n a_o deep_a purple_a colour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n since_o rose_n leave_v or_o the_o flower_n and_o bark_n of_o pomegranate_n will_v have_v much_o the_o same_o effect_n afford_v a_o cloudy_a and_o blackish_a tincture_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o make_v it_o one_o part_n of_o this_o quaere_fw-la what_o colour_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o mineral_n water_n with_o animal_n juice_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n sometime_o blackish_a upon_o the_o take_n of_o large_a dose_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v concern_v the_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n i_o not_o only_o doubt_v whether_o all_o martial_a water_n will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o whether_o all_o liquor_n which_o will_v be_v to_o be_v esteem_v martial_a for_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o mineral_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o steel_n will_v give_v it_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o that_o a_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n will_v not_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o tincture_n be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o some_o acid_n fume_n which_o have_v work_v on_o the_o mars_n with_o which_o those_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o i_o have_v find_v that_o if_o a_o vitriolate_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o copper_n instead_o of_o iron_n instead_o of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a it_o only_o will_v render_v it_o muddy_a and_o thick_a and_o i_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a earth_n which_o i_o find_v by_o trial_n to_o be_v lead_n that_o will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a though_o it_o be_v altoger_n void_a of_o martial_a part_n and_o probable_o will_v have_v very_o bad_a effect_n if_o take_v inward_o to_o which_o i_o may_v further_o add_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la likewise_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_n and_o those_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v the_o willing_a to_o lay_v down_o because_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v by_o they_o to_o slight_v the_o use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n yet_o i_o will_v thence_o urge_v they_o to_o make_v such_o trial_n to_o be_v more_o wary_o make_v water_n observation_n requisite_a in_o try_v mineral_n water_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o use_v to_o observe_v the_o different_a colour_n exhibit_v by_o such_o trial_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n as_o requisite_a to_o be_v think_v on_o by_o he_o who_o design_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n 1._o that_o he_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o colour_n make_v by_o such_o tincture_n in_o a_o good_a light_n which_o may_v help_v a_o curious_a observer_n to_o distinguish_v what_o mineral_n such_o tincture_n be_v impregnate_v with_o 2._o it_o way_n be_v of_o use_v to_o vary_v the_o shade_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o mineral_n water_n either_o by_o drop_v such_o water_n upon_o paper_n who_o pore_n be_v saturate_v with_o vitriol_n powder_v or_o tinge_v with_o a_o decoction_n of_o log-wood_n several_a variation_n in_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o drop_v other_o medicinal_a liquor_n either_o into_o the_o mineral_n water_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o gall_n before_o mixture_n or_o after_o 3._o i_o will_v recommend_v for_o such_o trial_n not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o astringent_a plant_n but_o also_o animal_n and_o especial_o mineral_n substance_n for_o beside_o the_o astringent_n i_o have_v contrive_v a_o certain_a substance_n which_o will_v not_o only_o turn_v a_o vitriol_n water_n impregnate_v with_o iron_n
receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o though_o the_o viol_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v above_o five_o drachm_n of_o water_n if_o fill_v and_o distend_v the_o empty_a bladder_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o drachm_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o it_o do_v before_o expansion_n but_o to_o measure_v the_o air_n be_v expansion_n more_o nice_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o one_o end_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o diameter_n of_o who_o boar_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v past_v a_o piece_n of_o parchment_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n and_o mark_v with_o black_a line_n we_o fill_v the_o cylinder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o after_o a_o few_o trial_n by_o invert_v the_o cylinder_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o one_o finger_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o as_o much_o air_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o bubble_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o extension_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o of_o those_o twenty_o six_o division_n when_o this_o be_v do_v we_o fit_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n all_o which_o be_v put_v together_o into_o a_o pneumatical_a receiver_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o much_o expanded_a as_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n take_v up_o thirty_o one_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o cylinder_n which_o afford_v a_o large_a space_n for_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n it_o take_v up_o above_o sixty_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o and_o repeat_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o a_o glass_n pipe_n thirty_o inch_n long_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n to_o stand_v out_o through_o by_o weigh_v the_o water_n in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n together_o with_o the_o pipe_n first_o with_o the_o bubble_n of_o air_n include_v and_o after_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v whole_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n which_o possess_v but_o the_o space_n of_o one_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v be_v expanded_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n so_o much_o by_o its_o own_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o to_o take_v up_o 152_o time_n its_o space_n before_o extension_n and_o since_o marcennus_n affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o expanded_a by_o heat_n as_o to_o take_v up_o seventy_o time_n its_o space_n i_o convey_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o it_o be_v very_o convex_v and_o seem_v several_a time_n to_o knock_v upon_o and_o rebound_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o water_n it_o depress_v upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o viol._n experiment_n vii_o what_o figure_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v get_v a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n we_o moderate_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o join_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n to_o prevent_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n and_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o paper_n yet_o upon_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o give_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n liberty_n to_o expand_v the_o bubble_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n without_o be_v break_v experiment_n viii_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v we_o take_v a_o glass_n alembick_a which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o three_o pint_n represent_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n the_o rostrum_n e_o be_v hermetical_o close_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rostrum_n be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o stop-cock_n of_o a_o ordinary_a size_n be_v cement_v the_o other_o be_v fix_v with_o cement_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o alembick_a be_v cover_v close_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o glass_n present_o crack_v which_o crack_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o this_o flaw_n extend_v itself_o further_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o exhaust_v yet_o this_o glass_n vessel_n be_v near_o twenty_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o bubble_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o former_a glass_n enable_v it_o so_o much_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o suspend_v one_o of_o the_o bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o so_o strong_o resist_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o as_o to_o continue_v whole_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n ix_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-mi proceed_v not_o from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o
fill_v so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o air_n betwixt_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o mercury_n three_o before_o the_o tube_n be_v quite_o fill_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o invert_v the_o tube_n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o may_v by_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o upon_o a_o re-inversion_n back_o again_o gather_v all_o those_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o mercury_n as_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o another_o and_o to_o drain_v the_o mercury_n more_o exact_o you_o may_v by_o apply_v a_o hot_a iron_n cause_n those_o less_o bubble_n which_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o former_a method_n to_o break_v forth_o which_o will_v be_v promote_v by_o shake_v the_o vessel_n upon_o every_o drop_n of_o mercury_n put_v into_o the_o pipe_n by_o which_o method_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v the_o tube_n of_o air_n i_o have_v in_o one_o that_o be_v pretty_a short_a raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o no_o less_o than_o 30_o digit_n and_o a_o eight_o experiemint_n xviii_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass-cylind_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consider_v have_v fill_v a_o tube_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o with_o mercury_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n in_o the_o window_n i_o observe_v the_o mercury_n be_v sensible_o depress_v in_o hot_a wether_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o swim_v about_o it_o and_o raise_v again_o in_o cold_a the_o altitude_n very_o often_o vary_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n so_o that_o in_o five_o week_n time_n it_o have_v ascend_v and_o descend_v about_o two_o inch_n the_o utmost_a descent_n below_o the_o altitude_n of_o its_o first_o suspension_n be_v 9_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o it_o be_v utmost_a descent_n be_v 7_o 16_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n will_v have_v be_v more_o considerable_a have_v the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o long_a tube_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sensible_a variation_n observe_v in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mereury_n upon_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o determine_v whether_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o cause_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o it_o and_o such_o like_a phaenomena_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o observe_v further_o have_v take_v the_o cylindrical_a tube_n out_o of_o the_o wooden_a frame_n on_o a_o snowy_a day_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v twenty_o nine_o digit_n and_o three_o quarter_n above_o the_o basis_n which_o it_o lean_v on_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v from_o whence_o these_o variation_n in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n proceed_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n suspend_v the_o reason_n why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o suspend_v first_o that_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o strong_a resistance_n to_o the_o rise_a mercury_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o cause_n why_o it_o rise_v no_o high_a because_o the_o asmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v balance_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la for_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n can_v make_v be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v rise_v but_o very_o little_o high_o be_v there_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n second_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o alteration_n and_o change_n than_o the_o internal_a contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o latter_a be_v subject_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o only_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o the_o former_a be_v subject_n to_o many_o and_o considerable_a alteration_n beside_o those_o observable_a in_o this_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o its_o faint_a change_n be_v evident_a by_o their_o effect_n on_o bruise_a and_o feeble_a body_n and_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a change_n in_o the_o air_n air._n considerable_a change_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o kircherus_n during_o his_o stay_n in_o malta_n observe_v concern_v mount_n aetna_n which_o he_o can_v see_v from_o that_o place_n on_o some_o day_n though_o on_o other_o which_o seem_v clear_a the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v it_o and_z thet_z the_o like_a change_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sensible_o alter_v the_o prospect_n of_o several_a place_n be_v too_o common_o know_v to_o need_v further_a instance_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o plentiful_a steam_n and_o exhalation_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o use_n of_o telescope_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v present_o disappear_v and_o that_o such_o steam_n do_v rise_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v often_o too_o sensible_a of_o damp_n which_o except_o timely_o prevent_v make_v the_o air_n so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a as_o to_o put_v out_o their_o very_a candle_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o since_o the_o external_n air_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v alter_v so_o many_o way_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o insensible_a corpuscle_n of_o matter_n its_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o several_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n since_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v its_o pressure_n in_o bodying_n up_o the_o mercury_n must_v according_o be_v vary_v experiment_n xix_o water_n the_o subside_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o our_o receiver_n as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n do_v we_o fill_v a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o it_o which_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o low_a end_n place_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n we_o let_v it_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o close_v it_o up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v as_o to_o leave_v the_o include_v air_n so_o much_o weaken_a in_o its_o spring_n as_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o and_o overpower_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o then_o upon_o every_o suction_n it_o sensible_o subside_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n for_o whereas_o the_o quicksilver_n 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into_o the_o air._n experiment_n xxi_o same_o concern_v the_o same_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n viol_n with_o water_n which_o contain_v something_o above_o a_o pound_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n about_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o close_v it_o with_o cement_n i_o fill_v the_o pipe_n half_o full_a with_o water_n stick_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o pump_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v a_o while_n above_o sixty_o bubble_n of_o water_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o rise_v quite_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o subside_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o afresh_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o renew_v its_o 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any_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n expanded_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n xxii_o the_o bubble_n prove_v to_o be_v aerious_a and_o not_o watery_a by_o observe_v the_o like_a bubble_n in_o î_fw-la mercury_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o digression_n whether_o the_o air_n be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v general_o allege_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n in_o the_o forego_n nineteenth_o experiment_n be_v particle_n of_o water_n expanded_a upon_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o real_o part_v of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o water_n because_o upon_o the_o re-enter_v of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o impel_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n but_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o air_n lodge_v above_o it_o almost_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v collect_v together_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n prove_v the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o water_n aerial_a prove_v but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a discovery_n whether_o the_o aforesaid_a bubble_n be_v water_n or_o not_o we_o try_v the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o water_n subside_v upon_o which_o several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n prevent_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n half_o a_o inch_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o bubble_n of_o the_o air_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o we_o be_v further_o persuade_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v aerial_a because_o the_o air_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v without_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n as_o water_v expose_v to_o air_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la usual_o have_v but_o rather_o more_o protuberant_a and_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v real_o make_v up_o of_o aerial_a particle_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v near_o as_o low_a as_o the_o external_a water_n by_o apply_v water_n to_o the_o tube_n which_o contain_v the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n several_a inch_n below_o the_o external_n water_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v before_o expanded_a to_o near_o a_o hundred_o time_n its_o extent_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v further_o expanded_a by_o heat_n but_o i_o be_v yet_o further_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o those_o bubble_n be_v nothing_o but_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n because_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o subside_v water_n yield_v not_o bubble_n as_o before_o except_o a_o 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also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o
part_n be_v check_v by_o cold._n but_o leave_v this_o plausible_a though_o not_o satisfactory_a experiment_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o another_o which_o be_v this_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o three_o ounce_n with_o near_a equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n half_o a_o dozen_o iron_n nail_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o we_o stop_v the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o the_o tube_n with_o diapalma_n so_o close_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o air_n altogether_o which_o be_v do_v we_o immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o this_o bubble_n into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n full_a of_o the_o same_o liquor_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n perceive_v bubble_n to_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n produce_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o nail_n and_o this_o air_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a neck_n 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be_v depress_v low_a than_o when_o first_o put_v into_o the_o egg._n and_o after_o a_o day_n time_n have_v again_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o much_o draw_v out_o before_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o discern_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o but_o that_o in_o which_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v place_v swell_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barley_n corn_n though_o the_o other_o do_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n it_o subside_v again_o and_o whether_o that_o swelling_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la airy_a part_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v experiment_n xxiv_o liquor_n the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n have_v put_v salad_n oil_n into_o a_o glass_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o turkey_n egg_n who_o stem_n be_v near_o â…“_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o liquor_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o the_o like_a vessel_n fill_v to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o water_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n be_v not_o only_o more_o copious_a than_o those_o of_o the_o water_n but_o rise_v much_o soon_o as_o well_o as_o long_o continue_v till_o the_o pumper_n be_v quite_o tire_v with_o pump_v and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n before_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v close_v and_o the_o pump_n put_v into_o action_n it_o subside_v near_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n have_v put_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o afford_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o bubble_n which_o expanded_a themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o will_v sometime_o raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o but_o beside_o the_o forego_n we_o try_v the_o 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of_o wine_n as_o raise_v it_o half_o a_o inch_n high_o and_o into_o a_o glass_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a only_o in_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n we_o pour_v rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o â…”_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o three_o be_v mark_v we_o put_v they_o into_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n afford_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o form_v a_o froth_n upon_o which_o several_a large_a bubble_n lay_v which_o be_v place_v one_o above_o another_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v bubble_n till_o we_o be_v weary_a
of_o pump_v which_o ascend_v very_o swift_o and_o immediate_o disappear_v at_o the_o top_n first_o lift_v up_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o spirituous_a liquor_n so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o thin_a film_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o bubble_n in_o their_o ascent_n be_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n whereas_o those_o of_o the_o water_n and_o wine_n make_v a_o line_n which_o on_o each_o side_n appear_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o see_v and_o last_o in_o this_o spirit_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o order_n which_o these_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o be_v in_o line_n parallel_v and_o of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o the_o bubble_n likewise_o follow_v each_o other_o in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o bracelet_n one_o end_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o rise_v from_o a_o certain_a point_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n when_o air_n return_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bubble_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n gradual_o subside_v yet_o neither_o that_o nor_o the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n be_v depress_v below_o the_o mark_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n continue_v expanded_a near_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o i_o find_v to_o succeed_v upon_o several_a trial_n experiment_n xxv_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n and_o expansion_n under_o water_n have_v fill_v a_o wide-mouthed_a jar_n with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n we_o sink_v two_o glass-viol_n who_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o eight_o figure_n one_o of_o which_o contain_v just_a so_o much_o of_o a_o ponderous_n mercurial_a mixture_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o cover_v with_o white_a wax_n the_o other_o be_v weigh_v down_o by_o water_n and_o the_o mouth_n be_v downward_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o former_a fill_v three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o latter_a be_v equal_a in_o dimension_n to_o a_o pea._n these_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n at_o the_o last_o so_o many_o bubble_n rise_v up_o to_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o be_v able_a by_o expand_v themselves_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o water_n to_o fly_v out_o and_o make_v the_o viol_n emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o jar_n where_o at_o every_o exsuction_n it_o continue_v to_o expand_v till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o in_o part_n to_o evacuate_v itself_o upon_o which_o it_o present_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o before_o and_o eight_o time_n after_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n but_o when_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o again_o it_o present_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o for_o the_o other_o it_o continue_v at_o the_o bottom_n all_o the_o while_n but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v it_o raise_v itself_o considerable_o but_o about_o sixty_o parcel_n of_o air_n as_o big_a as_o pea_n find_v vent_n and_o get_v out_o it_o present_o subside_v though_o upon_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o rise_v again_o and_o subside_v which_o successive_a ascent_n and_o descent_n it_o continue_v nine_o time_n after_o after_o the_o pump_n cease_v work_v but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o it_o be_v present_o fix_v at_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o experiment_n that_o hydrostatical_a rule_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n if_o it_o be_v light_a than_o its_o equal_a proportion_n in_o bulk_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v likewise_o true_a when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o experiment_n xxvi_o pendulum_n concern_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o be_v usual_o teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n be_v something_o quick_a according_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o move_v in_o be_v thin_a we_o suspend_v one_o which_o weigh_v about_o twenty_o drachm_n in_o our_o receiver_n fix_v it_o to_o the_o cover_n by_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v fix_v another_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n without_o the_o receiver_n we_o give_v they_o both_o a_o equal_a motion_n and_o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o latter_a make_v twenty_o vibration_n the_o former_a count_v twenty_o but_o the_o pendulum_n be_v afterward_o put_v into_o motion_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n before_o it_o be_v exhaust_v continue_v its_o vibration_n to_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n in_o both_o so_o that_o from_o what_o we_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o vibration_n in_o air_n and_o that_o more_o rarify_v medium_fw-la viz._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a experiment_n xxvii_o sound_n concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n it_o have_v be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v but_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o a_o tube_n and_o upon_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la be_v leave_v there_o a_o loadstone_n apply_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n will_v attract_v the_o steel-clapper_n which_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o loadstone_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bell_n and_o cause_v a_o audible_a sound_n he_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v must_v be_v much_o more_o subtle_a than_o the_o air._n but_o to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a we_o suspend_v a_o watch_n in_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o packthread_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o only_o audible_a at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o that_o that_o which_o be_v likewise_o perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n hold_v near_o the_o cover_n be_v different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o sound_n though_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o pendulum_n continue_v its_o motion_n yet_o upon_o admit_v of_o air_n again_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o evince_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o slight_a a_o stroke_n as_o that_o of_o the_o pendulum_n shall_v give_v such_o a_o impulse_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o communicate_v a_o motion_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n strong_a enough_o to_o put_v the_o external_n air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o have_v support_v a_o bell_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o large_a stick_n which_o reach_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sound_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o equal_o as_o sharp_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a variation_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o evince_n that_o a_o subtle_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o propagate_a sound_n no_o more_o than_o air_n however_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n try_v with_o a_o bell_n suspend_v in_o a_o glass-tube_n it_o may_v not_o without_o reason_n be_v suspect_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o whole_o void_a of_o air_n since_o experience_n inform_v we_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fill_v the_o glass-cylind_a so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n void_a of_o air_n since_o the_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n fly_v up_o into_o it_o and_o further_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v the_o principal_a medium_fw-la of_o sound_n we_o may_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o a_o former_a experiment_n that_o though_o upon_o the_o strike_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o our_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v audible_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dead_a than_o when_o make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o like_a variation_n be_v observable_a in_o all_o other_o sound_v make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxviii_o air._n the_o eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o water_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o air._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xxth_z experiment_n viz._n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o pressure_n upon_o body_n encompass_v by_o it_o as_o if_o they_o be_v
last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o
show_v that_o the_o account_n give_v by_o other_o be_v false_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o easy_a to_o determine_v a_o controversy_n in_o which_o the_o truth_n be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v assign_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o lay_v down_o something_o in_o order_n to_o the_o elucidation_n of_o it_o and_o first_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o water_n about_o london_n be_v agree_v on_o to_o be_v as_o 1000_o to_o 1._o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o consider_v the_o difference_n in_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n to_o discover_v which_o i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n such_o as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o sixteenth_o figure_n first_o see_v plate_n the_o first_o which_o be_v partly_o fill_v with_o quicksilver_n and_o hold_v in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o each_o leg_n be_v in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n e._n f._n i._n pour_v water_n into_o one_o leg_n till_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o to_o the_o top_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v weigh_v down_o from_o e._n to_o b._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o other_o be_v raise_v from_o f._n to_o c._n so_o that_o measure_v the_o height_n of_o the_o tube_n of_o mercury_n d._n c._n which_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o we_o find_v it_o to_o amount_v to_o 2_o 13_o 54_o inch_n the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n b._n a._n which_o counterpoise_v the_o mercury_n be_v 30_o 45_o 54_o inch_n and_o the_o whole_a number_n with_o the_o fraction_n be_v reduce_v to_o improper_a fraction_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n the_o proportion_n be_v as_o 121_o to_o 1665_o or_o by_o reduction_n as_o one_o to_o 92_o 121._o beside_o this_o we_o take_v another_o method_n to_o discover_v the_o proportion_n of_o these_o two_o liquor_n by_o weigh_v they_o in_o a_o glass_n bubble_n by_o which_o we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 13_o 19_o 28_o and_o because_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v usual_o esteem_v the_o light_a of_o liquor_n and_o quicksilver_n the_o heavy_a i_o weigh_v that_o likewise_o and_o find_v the_o proportion_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o it_o to_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 16_o 641_o 1084._o so_o that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n be_v as_o 1_o 44_o 171_o and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o i_o the_o rather_o weigh_v these_o liquor_n in_o a_o bubble_n because_o when_o they_o be_v weigh_v in_o open_a vessel_n the_o protuberant_a surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o water_n make_v it_o a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o proportion_v they_o exact_o if_o the_o superficies_n be_v large_a mercury_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o air_n and_o mercury_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v lay_v down_o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n and_o of_o water_n to_o quicksilver_n it_o will_v be_v no_o very_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o air_n and_o quicksilver_n and_o since_o from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o quicksilver_n be_v as_o 14000_o to_o 1_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o mercury_n two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a must_v amount_v to_o 35000_o foot_n of_o our_o english_a measure_n or_o seven_o complete_a mile_n suppose_v the_o air_n to_o be_v equal_o compress_v above_o as_o here_o below_o but_o this_o computation_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v so_o exact_a since_o not_o only_o seneca_n nat._n quaest._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 10._o say_v omnis_fw-la aer_fw-la quo_fw-la propior_fw-la est_fw-la terris_fw-la hoc_fw-la crassior_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la in_o aqua_fw-la &_o in_fw-la omni_fw-la humour_n faex_fw-la ima_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o aere_fw-la spississima_fw-la quaeque_fw-la desidunt_fw-la but_o it_o likewise_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n since_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v considerable_o compress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o what_o lie_v upon_o it_o beside_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v expanded_a by_o heat_n to_o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o time_n its_o bulk_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improbable_a but_o that_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v reach_v to_o some_o hundred_o of_o miles_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v enable_v we_o to_o guess_v at_o the_o height_n to_o which_o some_o vapour_n may_v ascend_v allow_v what_o emanuel_n magnen_n a_o diligent_a mathematician_n observe_v at_o tolouse_n in_o a_o clear_a night_n in_o august_n for_o as_o ricciolus_n record_v it_o vidit_fw-la ab_fw-la horâ_fw-la undecimâ_fw-la post_fw-la meridiem_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la mediam_fw-la noctem_fw-la lunâ_fw-la infra_fw-la horizontem_fw-la positâ_fw-la nubeculam_fw-la quandam_fw-la lucidam_fw-la prope_fw-la meridianum_fw-la fere_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la zenith_n diffusam_fw-la quae_fw-la consideratis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la non_fw-la poterat_fw-la nisi_fw-la à _fw-la sole_fw-la illuminari_fw-la ideoque_fw-la altior_fw-la esse_fw-la debuit_fw-la tota_fw-la vmbra_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n further_o say_v addit_fw-la simile_n quid_fw-la evenisse_fw-la michaeli_n angelo_n riccio_n apud_fw-la sabinos_fw-la versanti_fw-la nempe_fw-la viro_fw-la in_o mathesi_n eruditissimo_fw-la but_o to_o conclude_v it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o estimate_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v observation_n of_o the_o density_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n make_v upon_o several_a part_n and_o on_o high_a mountain_n but_o till_o by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o we_o can_v arrive_v at_o some_o degree_n of_o certainty_n as_o to_o the_o various_a degree_n of_o its_o rarefaction_n above_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o determine_v the_o height_n of_o it_o experiment_n xxxvii_o concern_v flash_n of_o light_n in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o first_o when_o our_o engine_n be_v make_v we_o observe_v upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n and_o turn_v the_o key_n several_a flash_n of_o light_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v if_o the_o window_n which_o face_v northward_o be_v darken_v and_o this_o phaenomenon_n depend_v on_o so_o unknown_a cause_n that_o upon_o often_o repeat_v trial_n i_o find_v that_o sometime_o it_o will_v appear_v and_o sometime_o not_o though_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o difference_n in_o the_o circumstance_n of_o these_o trial_n which_o make_v it_o difficult_a to_o bring_v our_o observation_n to_o any_o rule_n about_o it_o or_o to_o frame_v a_o hypothesis_n to_o account_n for_o the_o cause_n though_o the_o validity_n of_o some_o conjecture_n that_o have_v be_v make_v may_v be_v afford_v by_o the_o follow_a trial_n and_o observation_n for_o first_o we_o find_v that_o the_o phaenomenon_n may_v as_o well_o be_v exhibit_v by_o a_o candle-light_n or_o daylight_n and_o however_o situate_v so_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n can_v but_o fall_v upon_o the_o receiver_n next_o the_o flash_n appear_v just_a when_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v the_o air_n out_o into_o the_o cylinder_n but_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v in_o a_o small_a one_o upon_o draw_v the_o sucker_n hasty_o down_o though_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v before_o and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o flash_n which_o appear_v when_o first_o the_o receiver_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v be_v much_o strong_a than_o when_o it_o be_v further_o evacuate_v and_o it_o be_v beside_o observable_a that_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o small_a receiver_n and_o the_o sucker_n have_v not_o be_v long_o before_o well_o oil_v the_o oil_n upon_o the_o draw_n of_o it_o down_o be_v put_v into_o agitation_n and_o divide_v into_o small_a part_n by_o the_o attrition_n of_o the_o pump_n will_v rise_v into_o the_o receiver_n like_o smoke_n which_o will_v likewise_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o valve_n when_o it_o be_v open_v on_o purpose_n and_o these_o fume_n if_o the_o glass_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o light_a place_n will_v in_o some_o measure_n appear_v luminous_a and_o what_o be_v further_a to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o when_o the_o flash_n be_v considerable_o great_a upon_o the_o disappearance_n of_o it_o the_o receiver_n will_v become_v opacous_a leave_v white_a steam_n upon_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o now_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v whence_o all_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v we_o shall_v propose_v the_o follow_a conjecture_n viz._n first_o that_o have_v the_o phaenomenon_n constant_o succeed_v we_o shall_v have_v suspect_v the_o seem_a
light_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o refraction_n from_o the_o glass_n darken_v within_o by_o those_o white_a steam_n second_o that_o since_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n gross_a enough_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o rise_v from_o bonfire_n the_o reflection_n may_v proceed_v from_o some_o gross_a airy_a part_n within_o the_o receiver_n three_o the_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a surface_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n reflect_v one_o upon_o another_o like_a looking-glass_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v each_o other_o contiguous_a so_o water_n or_o egg_n beat_v to_o froth_n lose_v their_o transparency_n and_o appear_v white_a but_o further_o have_v immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o our_o receiver_n in_o water_n and_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v in_o through_o a_o small_a hole_n have_v its_o part_n so_o break_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v full_a of_o milk_n rather_o than_o water_n and_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o crystal_n be_v throw_v very_o hot_a into_o cold_a water_n it_o will_v crack_v and_o have_v so_o many_o new_a surface_n within_o appear_v white_a which_o thing_n be_v consider_v and_o weigh_v it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o improbable_a guest_n that_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n proceed_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n displace_v as_o to_o their_o posture_n and_o situation_n as_o whilst_o in_o that_o motion_n to_o disturb_v their_o former_a continuity_n and_o transparency_n and_o this_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o more_o air_n be_v include_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a be_v the_o whiteness_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o this_o viz._n that_o have_v exhaust_v the_o receiver_n and_o apply_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o it_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o disorder_v by_o so_o sudden_a a_o disilition_n of_o its_o part_n that_o it_o appear_v like_o milk_n but_o upon_o a_o sudden_a re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n become_v transparent_a again_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o the_o whiteness_n in_o water_n turn_v into_o bubble_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o interposition_n of_o so_o heterogeneous_a a_o body_n as_o air_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n mention_v two_o volatile_a liquor_n which_o be_v mix_v produce_v a_o white_a consistent_a body_n though_o both_o the_o ingredient_n be_v transparent_a but_o have_v convey_v some_o smoke_n into_o our_o receiver_n and_o observe_v upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n that_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o pump_n become_v opacous_a we_o suspect_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o former_a mention_a light_n sometime_o appear_v and_o sometime_o do_v not_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n more_o at_o one_o time_n than_o another_o which_o be_v dispose_v more_o to_o cause_v such_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_a as_o to_o afford_v the_o forenamed_a phaenomenon_n which_o be_v render_v probable_a by_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v opaque_v when_o the_o smoke_n settle_v about_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o what_o we_o mention_v before_o of_o our_o smoke_a liquor_n where_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o new_a motion_n become_v opacous_a instead_o of_o transparent_a and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v how_o the_o air_n shall_v abound_v with_o such_o various_a part_n of_o matter_n i_o must_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o unusual_a observation_n that_o the_o air_n undergo_v several_a and_o very_a frequent_a change_n for_o beside_o several_a instance_n which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o in_o america_n there_o be_v wind_n which_o natural_o trouble_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o make_v it_o green_a and_o black_a other_o clear_a as_o crystal_n beside_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o pendula_fw-la as_o well_o as_o scale_n suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n lose_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o their_o brightness_n upon_o draw_v out_o and_o let_v in_o the_o air._n and_o i_o once_o make_v a_o tincture_n of_o a_o certain_a metalline_a substance_n which_o will_v become_v turbid_v and_o clear_v successive_o for_o several_a time_n for_o which_o strange_a phaenomenon_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v experiment_n xxxviii_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n and_o its_o expansion_n have_v convey_v a_o glass_n vessel_n into_o our_o receiver_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v a_o cylinder_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o enclose_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o ply_v of_o the_o pump_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v a_o little_a fast_o than_o we_o expect_v and_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n begin_v to_o freeze_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v above_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v and_o which_o swim_v about_o it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a and_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n in_o water_n freeze_v as_o not_o only_o to_o burst_v bottle_n in_o the_o wintertime_n but_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v to_o separate_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o metal_n so_o that_o bell-metal_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o wet_a and_o that_o wet_a freeze_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o will_v fly_v in_o piece_n and_o cabeus_n in_o lib._n 4._o meteor_n aristot_n relate_v a_o no_o less_o memorable_a account_n of_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n which_o will_v fly_v asunder_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o moisture_n lodge_v in_o their_o pore_n and_o freeze_v there_o where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o cold_a shall_v by_o freeze_a water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v whereas_o the_o effect_v it_o have_v upon_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_o to_o condense_a it_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o receiver_n a_o phaenomenon_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n into_o a_o oval_a glass_n so_o that_o it_o almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n we_o cement_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o oval_a and_o then_o convey_v about_o six_o spoon_n full_a of_o water_n into_o the_o egg_n we_o blow_v it_o so_o full_a of_o air_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o suspend_v betwixt_o that_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o external_a air_n this_o weatherglass_n represent_v by_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v small_a be_v permit_v to_o stand_v about_o five_o inch_n above_o the_o cover_n the_o middle_a of_o which_o it_o penetrate_v upon_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n manifest_o descend_v which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o no_o sensible_a heat_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o receiver_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n since_o by_o bare_o apply_v my_o hand_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n that_o gentle_a warmth_n so_o far_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n much_o high_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n though_o we_o will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v cold_a after_o than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o since_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n together_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o give_v way_n for_o want_v of_o a_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o convex_a and_o external_a superficies_n of_o it_o which_o guest_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a not_o only_o because_o the_o springiness_n of_o glass_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o bend_n of_o it_o but_o likewise_o since_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o to_o its_o former_a height_n again_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o experiment_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n betwixt_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bubble_n every_o substance_n fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o glass_n have_v not_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n
omnipotence_n matter_n shall_v be_v so_o extend_v as_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o alter_v its_o dimension_n and_o though_o our_o author_n take_v two_o way_n to_o explicate_v his_o notion_n either_o upon_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v indivisible_a or_o divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la yet_o since_o he_o explicate_v it_o neither_o of_o those_o way_n so_o clear_o as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o nor_o be_v the_o difficulty_n at_o all_o make_v less_o by_o assert_v that_o matter_n may_v be_v virtual_o so_o extend_v as_o to_o possess_v more_o space_n than_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o it_o since_o a_o virtual_a extension_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o extension_n without_o the_o term_n virtual_o join_v with_o it_o for_o since_o he_o seem_v to_o allow_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v indivisible_a it_o rather_o prejudices_fw-la the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n than_o explain_v it_o since_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o think_v that_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v circumscribe_v by_o a_o certain_a space_n shall_v fill_v a_o large_a space_n without_o be_v divide_v and_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o former_a nor_o do_v it_o at_o all_o explain_v or_o render_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o say_v that_o matter_n may_v by_o omnipotence_n be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o possess_v adaequate_o double_a the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o since_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v not_o dispute_v what_o god_n can_v do_v but_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o beside_o the_o difficulty_n in_o our_o author_n doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v no_o less_o in_o the_o condensation_n which_o his_o funiculus_fw-la suppose_v for_o since_o he_o allow_v of_o no_o vacuity_n in_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v near_a than_o to_o touch_v one_o another_o without_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n which_o be_v whole_o disallow_v of_o and_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o nature_n for_o be_v that_o allow_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o body_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o space_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o by_o itself_o will_v fill_v which_o be_v altogether_o unintelligible_a chap._n xviii_o a_o consideration_n concern_v some_o trial_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a and_o other_o experiment_n '_o at_o the_o top_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n hill_n the_o height_n of_o mercury_n suspend_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n for_o a_o further_a proof_n against_o our_o adversary_n doctrine_n and_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o the_o famous_a pecquet_n mention_n a_o experiment_n make_v by_o monsieur_n pascal_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n 3000_o foot_n high_a where_o when_o he_o ascend_v 150_o fathom_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o buoy_v up_o so_o high_a as_o at_o the_o bottom_n by_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o want_v 3_o inch_n of_o that_o station_n which_o it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n against_o our_o adversary_n the_o difference_n plain_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a length_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n which_o be_v able_a to_o weigh_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o gassendus_fw-la tom._n 1._o p._n 211._o relate_v that_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v 5_o time_n on_o the_o hill_n at_o auvergne_n and_o a_o very_a note_a virtuoso_fw-la mr._n j._n ball_n as_o well_o as_o that_o ingenious_a gentleman_n mr._n townley_n have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o last_o name_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o mercury_n near_o so_o much_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o to_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n without_o go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o such_o high_a mountain_n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a wether_n glass_n suspending_a water_n in_o the_o pipe_n instead_o of_o mercury_n the_o instrument_n be_v a_o glass_n with_o a_o broad_a foot_n and_o a_o narrow_a neck_n a_o b_o and_o a_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n c_z d_o which_o be_v open_a at_o both_o end_n and_o so_o place_v that_o the_o low_a end_n be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o bottom_n a_o b_o and_o be_v so_o close_o cement_v at_o the_o neck_n a_o second_o see_v fig._n the_o first_o plate_n the_o second_o as_o to_o prevent_v the_o internal_a air_n i_o i_o from_o communicate_v with_o external_n k_o k_o unless_o it_o be_v through_o the_o pipe_n c_z d_o and_o have_v conveige_v water_n h_n h_n into_o the_o glass_n ab_fw-la which_o be_v pretty_a large_a and_o have_v blow_v so_o much_o air_n into_o the_o bottle_n as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o lead_v of_o westminster_n abby_n when_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_o cold_a and_o condensed_a within_o the_o bottle_n as_o without_o we_o mark_v the_o station_n of_o the_o water_n f_o and_o let_v it_o down_o by_o a_o string_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o water_n subside_v a_o inch_n where_o its_o station_n e_z be_v mark_v and_o the_o vessel_n draw_v up_o again_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o mark_n f_o again_o which_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v have_v the_o like_a success_n and_o afterward_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v we_o let_v it_o down_o within_o the_o church_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v at_o g_z a_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n where_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n so_o depress_v it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o glass_n several_a bubble_n break_v through_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o this_o glass_n be_v draw_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o church_n again_o the_o water_n be_v manifest_o raise_v in_o the_o tube_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n gravitates_fw-la more_fw-mi caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o near_a the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v we_o find_v that_o as_o the_o height_n at_o which_o it_o be_v try_v varied_a so_o the_o elevation_n or_o depression_n do_v another_o particular_a which_o may_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o monsieur_n paschal_n viz._n that_o a_o football_n be_v weak_o blow_v and_o carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v high_o and_o as_o gradual_o grow_v lank_a when_o it_o be_v carry_v down_o the_o hill_n again_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v long_a or_o short_a it_o make_v a_o great_a gravitation_n and_o pressure_n upon_o the_o bladder_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n send_v to_o dr._n croon_n by_o a_o learned_a professor_n of_o gresham_n college_n second_o see_v fig._n the_o sec._n plate_n the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o follow_v have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o weatherglass_n a_o b_o represent_v by_o the_o second_o figure_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n long_o the_o water_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o pipe_n about_o thirteen_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_n water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o hallifax_n hill_n but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n it_o subside_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o the_o point_n d_o the_o internal_a air_n a_o c_z which_o be_v take_v in_o at_o the_o bottom_n dilate_v itself_o at_o the_o top_n further_o by_o c_z d_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o descent_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a than_o what_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o such_o a_o small_a ascent_n by_o the_o bare_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n diminish_v the_o reason_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o that_o air_n include_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n as_o well_o as_o the_o shorten_v of_o the_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n chap._n xix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o air_n compress_v and_o dilate_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o do_v much_o more_o than_o we_o have_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v condensation_n measure_v have_v pour_v mercury_n into_o a_o glass-tube_n which_o consist_v of_o
equal_a proportion_n of_o wax_n and_o turpentine_n in_o winter_n and_o three_o part_n of_o wax_n to_o two_o of_o turpentine_n in_o summer_n for_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v thus_o prevent_v upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o own_o spring_n will_v force_v itself_o out_o of_o the_o receiver_n chap._n xxx_o a_o continuation_n of_o new_a experiment_n concern_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o their_o effect_n by_o way_n of_o letter_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n clifford_n and_o dungarvan_n my_o dear_a lord_n have_v already_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o account_n of_o the_o design_n and_o scope_n of_o our_o mechanical_a experiment_n without_o any_o further_a preface_n be_v encourage_v by_o your_o acceptance_n of_o my_o last_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o a_o continuation_n experiment_n i._o concern_v the_o raise_v of_o mercury_n a_o great_a height_n in_o a_o open_a tube_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air._n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n in_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o expansion_n we_o fill_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o viol_n with_o quicksilver_n the_o neck_n of_o which_o be_v none_o of_o the_o large_a in_o which_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n with_o hard_a wax_n the_o low_a end_n reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o upper_a almost_o a_o yard_n above_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n see_v plate_n 5._o fif_n 1._o which_o be_v pretty_a tall_a 1._o see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 1._o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o viol_n expand_v itself_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 27_o inch_n in_o the_o tube_n yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o admit_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o subside_v so_o far_o as_o to_o be_v almost_o if_o not_o quite_o equal_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o viol_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v before_o the_o famous_a savilian_a geometer_n dr._n wallis_n though_o it_o do_v not_o constant_o succeed_v alike_o it_o sometime_o rise_v high_o than_o at_o other_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v first_o that_o so_o much_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o viol_n to_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v staunch_v as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n three_o inch_n in_o the_o pipe_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o external_n air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o mercury_n rise_v 30_o inch_n above_o that_o in_o the_o viol._n second_o when_o the_o mercury_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n it_o do_v not_o sudden_o subside_o as_o low_o as_o before_o its_o ascent_n the_o air_n be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o cement_n when_o melt_v with_o a_o iron_n three_o whilst_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o viol_n retain_v any_o considerable_a springiness_n after_o each_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n will_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o force_n of_o its_o expansion_n a_o considerable_a height_n above_o what_o that_o air_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o and_o make_v several_a vibration_n before_o it_o settle_v four_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n rise_v near_a â…”_n of_o the_o whole_a weight_n that_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o and_o continue_v every_o subsequent_a exsuction_n to_o rise_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n increase_v and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n grow_v weak_a and_o as_o the_o mercury_n rise_v less_o every_o exsuction_n than_o it_o do_v before_o so_o be_v the_o vibration_n less_o considerable_a last_o have_v observe_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o good_a barometer_n when_o it_o be_v but_o light_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 29_o and_o â…œ_n though_o soon_o after_o the_o trial_n it_o be_v but_o 29_o inch_n high_a to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n which_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o the_o usual_a height_n we_o counterpoise_v the_o viol_n and_o then_o fill_v it_o full_a of_o water_n we_o find_v it_o to_o weigh_v about_o 5_o ounce_n 2_o drachm_n and_o about_o 20_o grain_n but_o so_o much_o be_v pour_v off_o that_o the_o remain_a water_n only_o fill_v the_o space_n which_o the_o mercury_n be_v before_o contain_v in_o it_o weigh_v 1_o ounce_n 2_o drachm_n 14_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o by_o its_o expansion_n elevate_v the_o mercury_n fill_v the_o space_n of_o no_o more_o than_o 4_o ounce_n and_o a_o few_o grain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n employ_v in_o this_o experiment_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o â…›_n of_o a_o inch._n vacui_fw-la a_o argument_n against_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v learn_v what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o what_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v concern_v the_o suspension_n of_o quicksilver_n by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o it_o be_v rise_v to_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n for_o be_v the_o first_o true_a it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o that_o funiculus_fw-la raise_v it_o not_o above_o 27_o inch_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v unable_a adequate_o to_o fill_v up_o more_o space_n by_o rise_v than_o if_o it_o rise_v not_o the_o reason_n must_v be_v invalid_a experiment_n ii_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o air_n raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o a_o open_a tube_n no_o high_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n do_v in_o a_o baroscope_n have_v put_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o mercury_n into_o a_o large_a bottle_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o ssij_fw-la we_o immerse_v the_o one_o end_v of_o a_o long_a slender_a tube_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n and_o have_v close_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o cement_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n different_a from_o the_o former_a in_o nothing_o but_o size_n where_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v great_a in_o this_o viol_n than_o that_o make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o expand_v further_o and_o of_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o about_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o â…ž_n out_o of_o which_o half_a a_o inch_n be_v deduct_v for_o the_o height_n it_o be_v elevate_v to_o by_o air_n inject_v to_o try_v the_o stanchness_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bottle_n raise_v it_o to_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o â…œ_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n elevate_a the_o mercury_n 29_o inch_n and_o ½_n which_o be_v â…›_n high_a than_o the_o elevate_a mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n but_o have_v continue_v to_o ply_v the_o pump_n still_o long_o we_o learn_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v incapable_a of_o raise_v it_o high_o than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n do_v in_o the_o baroscope_n this_o experiment_n be_v several_a time_n repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n but_o once_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v more_o than_o usual_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o green_a glass_n expanded_a so_o violent_o that_o though_o it_o can_v not_o raise_v the_o mercury_n high_a it_o break_v the_o glass_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o the_o piece_n which_o fly_v off_o crack_v the_o receiver_n experiment_n iii_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v elevate_v mercury_n almost_o to_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o tube_n of_o a_o different_a boar_n in_o order_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n will_v by_o its_o expansion_n raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o a_o narrow_a as_o in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o large_a diameter_n we_o repeat_v the_o former_a trial_n with_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n but_o much_o long_o in_o which_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 28_o inch_n and_o â…›_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o borometer_n be_v 29_o inch_n and_o ¼_n high_a at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a by_o its_o spring_n to_o raise_v the_o quicksilver_n within_o a_o inch_n as_o high_a in_o a_o large_a tube_n as_o in_o a_o small_a and_o when_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n be_v no_o further_a able_a to_o expand_v itself_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o heat_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v so_o much_o increase_v as_o to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n â…_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o experiment_n iu._n a_o new_a hydraulo-pneumatical_a fountain_n make_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o uncompressed_a air._n have_v put_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n
we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass_n hoop_n about_o 3_o inch_n high_a and_o 3_o inch_n and_o 2_o 10_o in_o diameter_n and_o cement_n a_o round_a piece_n of_o glass_n upon_o the_o one_o orifice_n the_o other_o be_v join_v to_o the_o receiver_n with_o cement_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o atmosphere_n press_v so_o strong_o upon_o the_o glass_n as_o to_o burst_v it_o asunder_o with_o a_o considerable_a noise_n like_o that_o of_o a_o pistol_n how_o far_o this_o may_v contribute_v to_o account_v for_o the_o noise_n which_o accompany_v the_o explosion_n of_o gunpowder_n in_o pistol_n we_o leave_v other_o to_o consider_v experiment_n viii_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n plate_n in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n may_v be_v account_v for_o without_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la that_o the_o break_n of_o the_o glass_n plate_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v hence_o for_o if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a brass_n hoop_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o vessel_n figure_v like_o a_o conus_fw-la truncatus_fw-la or_o a_o sugar-loaf_n the_o cone_n be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v large_a and_z the_o upper_z not_o above_o a_o inch_n diameter_n the_o glass_n plate_n cement_v to_o the_o large_a orifice_n will_v break_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v but_o if_o the_o small_a orifice_n be_v upward_o the_o glass_n cement_v to_o it_o will_v be_v whole_a whereas_o do_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n cause_v the_o former_a it_o will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o the_o latter_a wherefore_o i_o rather_o think_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o latter_a do_v not_o break_v as_o the_o former_a be_v because_o a_o small_a basis_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n press_v upon_o it_o which_o it_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v than_o a_o large_a plate_n of_o glass_n experiment_n ix_o air._n a_o bladder_n burst_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air._n not_o to_o mention_v of_o what_o advantage_n it_o may_v be_v to_o have_v a_o good_a method_n to_o break_v bladder_n fill_v with_o air_n in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n by_o supply_v it_o with_o air_n speedy_o and_o without_o danger_n of_o let_v in_o too_o much_o from_o without_o i_o shall_v intimate_v that_o if_o a_o blow_a bladder_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n the_o internal_a air_n will_v be_v so_o powerful_o expanded_a as_o to_o distend_v the_o bladder_n and_o stretch_v its_o fiber_n which_o when_o take_v out_o again_o and_o the_o bladder_n at_o the_o neck_n be_v tie_v something_o near_a than_o before_o the_o bladder_n so_o distend_v with_o air_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o give_v way_n a_o second_o time_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n the_o next_o time_n it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o be_v apt_a to_o burst_v experiment_n x._o a_o considerable_a weight_n raise_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o a_o bladder_n to_o show_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n be_v so_o great_a that_o ¼_n of_o a_o bladder_n be_v fill_v with_o it_o be_v able_a to_o distend_v it_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o swell_v it_o up_o though_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v we_o fill_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o bladder_n with_o air_n and_o tie_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o to_o the_o stopple_n it_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n with_o a_o weight_n suspend_v by_o a_o string_n which_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o where_o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o include_v air_n expanded_a itself_o and_o distend_v the_o bladder_n shorten_v it_o so_o as_o to_o raise_v 15_o pound_n weight_n and_o another_o bladder_n have_v both_o end_v tie_v to_o the_o stopple_n and_o a_o weight_n suspend_v at_o the_o middle_a of_o no_o less_o than_o 28_o pound_n the_o expand_a air_n raise_v that_o a_o inch_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o admit_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o fall_v down_o again_o experiment_n xi_o include_v bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v break_v by_o the_o air_n include_v have_v close_v a_o glass_n bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n more_o than_o usual_o in_o such_o experiment_n about_o four_o minute_n after_o the_o pump_n cease_v to_o work_n the_o bubble_n unexpect_o fly_v into_o so_o many_o piece_n and_o with_o such_o force_n as_o to_o be_v break_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n into_o a_o powder_n as_o small_a as_o sand_n but_o this_o sort_n of_o glass_n be_v capable_a of_o stretch_v a_o little_a before_o it_o break_v may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o experiment_n do_v not_o always_o succeed_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v weaken_a by_o that_o expansion_n of_o the_o bubble_n experiment_n xii_o trial_n represent_v the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o vncompressed_a air_n upon_o staple_n body_n the_o i._o trial_n have_v cement_v a_o glass_n plate_n upon_o the_o brass_n hoop_n mention_v in_o the_o seven_o experiment_n and_o join_v the_o other_o orifice_n of_o the_o hoop_n with_o cement_n to_o the_o pump_n upon_o that_o a_o large_a receiver_n be_v fix_v so_o that_o the_o hoop_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o receiver_n keep_v the_o atmosphere_n from_o press_v upon_o it_o yet_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o hoop_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n break_v the_o glass_n plate_n into_o a_o hundred_o piece_n the_o ii_o trial_n and_o a_o receiver_n shape_v like_o a_o tumbler_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v only_o a_o six_o part_n of_o what_o the_o large_a receiver_n do_v be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n present_o shatter_v the_o glass_n plate_n in_o piece_n the_o iii_o trial_n spring_n the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n but_o a_o large_a square_a glass_n capable_a of_o hold_v a_o pound_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o hoop_n and_o the_o glass_n plate_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n both_o when_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v whelm_v over_o it_o and_o likewise_o when_o a_o receiver_n not_o much_o high_a than_o itself_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o which_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n make_v a_o great_a pressure_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n than_o the_o top_n first_o break_v they_o and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o the_o last_o experiment_n that_o the_o glass_n do_v not_o fly_v in_o piece_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o last_o exsuction_n but_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n we_o repeat_v one_o of_o the_o former_a trial_n with_o the_o brass_n hoop_n leave_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o hoop_n a_o small_a tube_n who_o cavity_n be_v no_o wide_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o a_o hair_n be_v lodge_v in_o part_n of_o the_o cement_n and_o upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o free_a though_o a_o small_a vent_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n do_v not_o break_v the_o plate_n as_o before_o yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o the_o hoop_n too_o fast_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n not_o find_v quick_a vent_n will_v break_v the_o glass_n plate_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v balance_v by_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o hoop_n and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n a_o slender_a pipe_n blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n upon_o its_o first_o removal_n into_o the_o cold_a have_v its_o side_n if_o thin_a squeeze_v near_o together_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o internal_a experiment_n xiii_o suction_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n no_o highy_a in_o pipe_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n impel_v it_o have_v fit_v one_o end_n see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o of_o a_o brass_n bend_a pipe_n to_o a_o stop-cock_n 2._o see_v plate_n the_o 5._o fig._n the_o 2._o and_o the_o other_o end_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a glass_n pipe_n near_o 50_o inch_n long_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n above_o thirty_o inch_n by_o frequent_a and_o reiterated_a suction_n but_o water_n be_v substitute_v instead_o of_o mercury_n it_o
rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n
of_o the_o hill_n be_v ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v at_o the_o latter_a and_o as_o the_o barometer_n be_v bring_v low_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o but_o if_o such_o observation_n can_v be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n the_o experiment_n will_v afford_v further_a proof_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n a_o appendix_n about_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o height_n of_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o stupendous_a and_o other_o confine_v it_o to_o narrow_a dimension_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v some_o observation_n which_o may_v confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v it_o and_o though_o as_o ricciolus_n take_v notice_n the_o jesuit_n rector_n melensius_n say_v that_o of_o all_o the_o cloud_n who_o height_n he_o measure_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 5000_o pace_n yet_o if_o we_o allow_v meteor_n and_o comet_n to_o arise_v from_o terrene_a exhalation_n and_o that_o the_o height_n of_o cloud_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o height_n of_o most_o of_o they_o exceed_v what_o carden_n and_o kepler_n allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o relate_v concern_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n and_o first_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n sydenham_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 60_o league_n off_o and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v discover_v it_o at_o 40_o league_n distance_n like_o a_o blue_a pyramid_n above_o the_o cloud_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o island_n of_o madera_n may_v be_v see_v from_o it_o though_o 70_o league_n distant_a and_o that_o the_o great_a canary_n seem_v so_o near_o it_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o possible_a to_o leap_v down_o upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o ricâ—iolus_n observe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 4_o degree_n distance_n and_o snellius_n also_o allow_v the_o height_n of_o it_o to_o be_v ten_o mile_n though_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o way_n he_o take_v to_o calculate_v the_o height_n of_o it_o may_v be_v none_o of_o the_o true_a he_o likewise_o by_o refraction_n judge_v the_o mountain_n caucasus_n to_o be_v 51_o bolonian_a mile_n high_a which_o be_v not_o believe_v probable_a since_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o take_v its_o height_n in_o a_o ship_n at_o sea_n not_o to_o be_v above_o 7_o mile_n high_a in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n though_o if_o what_o aristotle_n and_o other_o report_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v other_o much_o high_a than_o those_o for_o though_o if_o measure_v from_o the_o foot_n or_o level_v of_o that_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o stand_v on_o they_o may_v be_v low_a yet_o consider_v that_o the_o ground_n they_o stand_v on_o may_v be_v much_o more_o protuberant_a from_o the_o level_n superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n they_o may_v be_v much_o high_a upon_o that_o account_n experiment_n xxvi_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n though_o the_o air_n press_v upon_o it_o at_o a_o very_a small_a orifice_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n that_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o a_o close_a room_n as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n even_o at_o small_a cranny_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n as_o if_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n just_a before_o mention_v for_o a_o portable_a barometer_n be_v so_o draw_v out_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o orifice_n be_v but_o about_o a_o ten_o part_n as_o big_a as_o before_o the_o mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n and_o the_o like_a will_v succeed_v if_o instead_o of_o draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n out_o so_o a_o cork_n be_v put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n leave_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o orifice_n open_a to_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xxvii_o a_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellain_n experiment_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n 3d._n see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o 3d._n be_v bend_v as_o represent_v by_o fig._n 3d._a plate_n the_o viith_z the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v as_o strong_a effect_n if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n through_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v only_o admit_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o it_o receive_v downward_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o be_v so_o bend_v four_o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o four_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v as_o represent_v fig._n iv_o plate_n the_o vii_o the_o mercury_n be_v sustain_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n n._n b._n if_o the_o tube_n thus_o hermetical_o seal_v be_v shake_v the_o mercury_n will_v form_v some_o vibration_n upon_o the_o include_v air_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v compress_v and_o expanded_a again_o successive_o for_o a_o while_n but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o trial_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o pipe_n convenient_o shape_v before_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o a_o cork_n and_o close_a cement_n which_o may_v be_v pierce_v with_o a_o wire_n when_o this_o be_v use_v as_o a_o baroscope_n which_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n experiment_n xxviii_o time_n a_o baroscope_n of_o use_n but_o at_o some_o time_n to_o show_v that_o the_o suspension_n of_o mercury_n in_o a_o glass_n tube_n less_o than_o 30_o inch_n long_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la i_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v leave_v upon_o it_o and_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v much_o light_a i_o find_v that_o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o air_n in_o the_o water_n which_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n be_v so_o far_o compress_v before_o as_o not_o to_o appear_v experiment_n xxix_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o very_o slender_a pipe_n in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v tinge_v spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v which_o bubble_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n for_o some_o time_n several_a slender_a pipe_n be_v put_v into_o it_o it_o rise_v high_a in_o those_o who_o boar_n be_v narrow_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o subsided_a to_o a_o level_n but_o two_o pipe_n of_o different_a boar_n be_v let_v down_o into_o that_o liquor_n a_o second_o time_n though_o it_o answer_v the_o former_a trial_n in_o the_o ascent_n yet_o the_o surface_n in_o the_o slendere_a pipe_n remain_v something_o above_o the_o other_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o vessel_n in_o this_o trial_n emit_v no_o bubble_n yet_o that_o in_o the_o end_v of_o the_o tube_n do_v which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o experiment_n xxx_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v take_v off_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n though_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v succeed_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n we_o take_v a_o syringe_n of_o brass_n see_v plate_n 8_o fig._n one_a who_o barrel_n be_v about_o six_o inch_n long_o one_a see_v plate_n the_o 8_o fig._n one_a and_o its_o
pillar_n to_o which_o the_o feather_n be_v fasten_v be_v join_v to_o the_o upper_a basis_n of_o the_o bellows_o with_o cement_n we_o fix_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o low_a basis_n and_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n eight_o see_v fig._n the_o eight_o where_o we_o observe_v upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bellows_o raise_v up_o the_o upper_a basis_n together_o with_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o air_n rise_v out_o at_o the_o vent_n manifest_o move_v the_o feather_n but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o exhaust_v and_o the_o weight_n upon_o the_o upper_a basis_n depress_v it_o violent_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o feather_n be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v upon_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o great_a and_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pipe_n fill_v with_o a_o compact_a body_n who_o particle_n be_v think_v incapable_a of_o imbibe_v it_o we_o 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hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n in_o our_o tube_n rise_v without_o any_o swell_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o some_o learned_a man_n ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o water_n rise_v in_o filtre_n to_o five_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o sap_n in_o tree_n may_v rise_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n be_v promote_v by_o heat_n and_o a_o due_a texture_n of_o part_n experiment_n xxxvii_o of_o the_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o salt_n along_o the_o side_n of_o glass_n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o i_o have_v several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o sea-salt_n or_o vitriol_n be_v evaporate_v the_o coagulate_v salt_n will_v creep_v up_o the_o side_n of_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o which_o the_o solution_n be_v contain_v and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v long_o continue_v they_o will_v rise_v over_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o cover_v the_o external_a superficies_n with_o a_o crust_n of_o salt_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o strange_a a_o phaenomenon_n though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v positive_a in_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v not_o improbable_o depend_v on_o the_o like_a cause_n as_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o edge_n of_o water_n be_v not_o only_o above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n but_o sea-salt_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o crystallise_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n they_o swim_v in_o and_o near_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n their_o coagulation_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o which_o salt_n when_o once_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v beset_v with_o they_o the_o water_n may_v rise_v to_o the_o top_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n before_o mention_v and_o salt_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o those_o and_o coagulate_v there_o still_o lay_v a_o further_a bottom_n for_o their_o ascent_n and_o so_o successive_o till_o they_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o that_o there_o be_v passage_n betwixt_o these_o saline_a part_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v through_o appear_v since_o they_o may_v be_v break_v off_o in_o flake_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o ascent_n will_v dissolve_v the_o salt_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n already_o can_v imbibe_n no_o more_o and_o consequent_o for_o that_o reason_n when_o it_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n coagulate_v by_o the_o way_n be_v too_o thick_a and_o full_a of_o salt_n to_o continue_v long_o fluid_a experiment_n xxxviii_o a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o gravity_n of_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v and_o express_v by_o common_a weight_n size_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n be_v desirous_a to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a diameter_n i_o cause_v a_o pipe_n to_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n three_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o brass_n i_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v about_o 137_o drachm_n 45_o grain_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ten_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o 30_o inch_n and_o consequent_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n able_a to_o counterpoise_v it_o must_v amount_v to_o 12_o ounce_n and_o about_o 6_o drachm_n and_o by_o weigh_v water_n in_o this_o tube_n before_o the_o mercury_n be_v put_v into_o it_o the_o water_n weigh_v 10_o drachm_n 15_o grain_n the_o proportion_n of_o water_n to_o mercury_n seem_v as_o 13_o 18_o 41_o to_o 1._o but_o in_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pillar_n of_o air_n it_o may_v be_v here_o requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n because_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o a_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o boar_n of_o such_o tube_n be_v equal_a throughout_o their_o diameter_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v thus_o find_v it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o know_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o proportion_n and_o the_o 14_o proposition_n of_o the_o 12_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n for_o since_o according_a to_o that_o cylinder_v of_o equal_a base_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o since_o by_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o the_o same_o element_n such_o circle_n as_o the_o base_n of_o cylinder_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o the_o square_n of_o their_o diameter_n and_o since_o mercurial_a cylinder_n will_v bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n in_o weight_n as_o they_o do_v in_o bulk_n the_o rule_n will_v be_v that_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o standard_n cylinder_n be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n propose_v so_o will_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o so_o that_o the_o square_a of_o one_o inch_n be_v 1_o and_o the_o square_a of_o 2_o be_v four_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o latter_a will_v be_v four_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n thirty-nine_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o loadstone_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o account_n give_v of_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o loadstone_n depend_v on_o what_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n teach_v 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in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o after_o some_o time_n the_o water_n rise_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o it_o we_o several_a time_n raise_v the_o sucker_n 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n and_o fuffer_v it_o to_o fall_v again_o without_o perceive_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v in_o the_o least_o affect_a which_o be_v a_o argument_n either_o of_o a_o vacuum_n or_o that_o the_o part_n of_o that_o aether_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o they_o exceed_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n so_o far_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v what_o a_o particle_n of_o air_n do_v which_o be_v not_o above_o 1_o 500_o part_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o pin_n head_n a_o particle_n of_o air_n before_o expansion_n of_o that_o minuteness_n be_v able_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v to_o displace_v much_o more_o water_n upon_o their_o expansion_n than_o this_o aether_n by_o which_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o what_o we_o 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low_a end_n of_o a_o glass_n drop_v to_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o staple_n body_n the_o stem_n be_v tie_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o string_n and_o the_o other_o end_v be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n exhaust_v the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o by_o shorten_v the_o string_n whereupon_o the_o bubble_n fly_v into_o a_o thousand_o piece_n the_o air_n enclose_v expand_v violent_o and_o endeavour_v to_o rush_v out_o at_o that_o small_a vent_n experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o production_n of_o light_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o light_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n without_o a_o access_n of_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o virtical_a cylinder_n the_o low_a basis_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v in_o a_o staple_n trencher_n and_o have_v fix_v two_o piece_n of_o steel_n in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o cylinder_n so_o as_o to_o rub_v forcible_o against_o a_o lump_n of_o loaf-sugar_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o vitriol_n cylinder_n being_n forcible_o turn_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turn_a key_n the_o steel_n make_v impression_n strong_a enough_o upon_o the_o sugar_n to_o cause_v it_o to_o afford_v not_o only_o several_a flash_n but_o little_a spark_n of_o fire_n experiment_n vii_o the_o production_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o halo_n and_o several_a colour_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o large_a invert_v cucurbite_n for_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o a_o large_a candle_n hold_v on_o the_o opposite_a side_n when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o give_v way_n for_o the_o air_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o cylinder_n the_o
condense_v be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o more_o than_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n 3._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o cavity_n which_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 2_o inch_n and_o ½_n long_o 4._o from_o the_o experiment_n now_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a at_o its_o first_o expansion_n to_o raise_v a_o weight_n proportionable_o large_a according_o to_o the_o different_a boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_v make_v use_n of_o but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a because_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o ¼_n or_o ½_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n must_v be_v much_o more_o rarify_v and_o consequent_o lose_v of_o its_o expansive_a force_n but_o compare_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o air_n in_o different_a boar_n at_o its_o first_o expansion_n some_o may_v think_v the_o proportion_n not_o exact_a since_o the_o small_a bladder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v no_o more_o but_o 10_o pound_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o the_o large_a raise_v be_v 42_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o duplicate_v proportionof_a what_o our_o hypothesis_n require_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o each_o cylinder_n the_o bladder_n in_o the_o less_o proportion_n able_o take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o in_o the_o large_a it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o difference_n 5._o consider_v that_o the_o bladder_n in_o which_o air_n be_v include_v may_v straiten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o exact_o determine_v can_v cylinder_n be_v contrive_v staunch_a enough_o without_o such_o help_n 6._o and_o it_o will_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o render_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n difficult_a to_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o air_n itself_o at_o different_a time_n vary_v in_o its_o degree_n of_o pressure_n yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o contrive_v a_o exact_a cylinder_n very_o tight_a one_o of_o a_o inch_n bear_v will_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o 10_o pound_n weight_n experiment_n x._o a_o easy_a way_n of_o make_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n raise_v 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n or_o a_o great_a weight_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o demonstrate_v more_o obvious_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n we_o take_v a_o 4._o a_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 4._o brass_n cylinder_n who_o depth_n be_v 4_o inch_n and_o its_o diameter_n 4_o inch_n and_o ¾_n to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plate_n a_o see_v plate_n short_a plug_n to_o who_o upper_a basis_n be_v fix_v a_o broad_a rim_z for_o weight_n to_o stand_v on_o more_o firm_o which_o be_v do_v we_o press_v a_o bladder_n into_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o may_v adapt_v itself_o to_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o observing_z how_o much_o the_o plug_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o lay_v the_o weight_n upon_o it_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o figure_n the_o 5_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o inch_n broad_a lift_v up_o 75_o pound_n at_o the_o 5_o exsuction_n so_o high_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o mark_n 5._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 5._o and_o at_o 2_o exsuction_n more_o it_o be_v elevate_v 3_o 10_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n the_o mercury_n that_o usual_o stand_v at_o ⅛_n above_o the_o high_a glass_n mark_v subside_v to_o ⅛_n below_o the_o second_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o after_o some_o time_n the_o bladder_n subside_v again_o and_o be_v take_v out_o exact_o answer_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o receiver_n be_v again_o exhaust_v at_o the_o 24_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v depress_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n and_o at_o the_o 35th_o to_o ⅛_n below_o it_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n in_o which_o we_o heap_v flat_a weight_n one_o upon_o another_o the_o air_n raise_v 100_o pound_n weight_n and_o will_v probable_o have_v raise_v much_o more_o have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o much_o strain_v as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o some_o air_n to_o get_v out_o at_o a_o leak_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o orifice_n of_o such_o receiver_n must_v not_o be_v very_o wide_a for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o be_v crack_v by_o the_o violent_a external_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xi_o to_o compare_v the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n i_o weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o i_o find_v to_o weigh_v above_o half_a a_o grain_n more_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o this_o bubble_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o open_a air_n counterpoise_v 68_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n employ_v in_o seal_v it_o up_o that_o the_o nip_v be_v break_v off_o it_o suck_v in_o 125_o grain_n of_o water_n the_o glass_n together_o with_o the_o water_n suck_v into_o it_o weigh_v 193_o ½_n grain_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 739_o grain_n of_o water_n it_o weigh_v 807_o ½_n grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v not_o quite_o amount_v to_o 1228_o to_o 1._o have_v weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n who_o weight_n be_v 60_o grain_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la weigh_n 27_o 92_o of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o it_o will_v contain_v weigh_v 720_o ¼_n grain_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n in_o weight_n be_v as_o 857_o 17_o 27_o to_o one_o but_o galileo_n say_v water_n be_v but_o 400_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v on_o the_o other_o side_n who_o say_v it_o be_v 10000_o time_n heavy_a to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v the_o follow_a measure_n have_v exhaust_v a_o receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v void_a of_o air_n counterballance_v it_o upon_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n it_o weigh_v 36_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o which_o succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n and_o likewise_o a_o three_o and_o then_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n turn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n and_o when_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n have_v succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n we_o turn_v the_o cock_n again_o to_o keep_v that_o water_n in_o and_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o weigh_v the_o water_n weigh_v 47_o ounce_n 3_o drachm_n and_o 6_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o its_o bulk_n of_o air_n near_o 650_o grain_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v boy_v up_o to_o 29_o inch_n ¾_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n and_o condense_a state_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v great_a than_o than_o usual_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o disproportion_n be_v not_o as_o great_a as_o at_o other_o time_n though_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n join_v with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n may_v hinder_v so_o much_o water_n from_o get_v in_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o exhaust_v air_n beside_o several_a particle_n of_o air_n may_v probable_o get_v in_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n whilst_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v which_o join_v with_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n may_v contribute_v to_o prevent_v a_o sufficient_a ingress_n of_o water_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o various_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v exact_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o it_o and_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o water_n be_v to_o air_n some_o number_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 1100_o to_o 1_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o or_o less_o condense_v but_o
pump_n d._n d._n be_v join_v by_o a_o screw_n to_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n e._n a_o vessel_n which_o fluctuate_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o a_o animal_n be_v put_v and_o the_o pump_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n by_o a_o screw_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pump_n will_v by_o lift_v up_o the_o sucker_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v condense_a the_o air_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o new_a and_o by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n down_o again_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o air_n will_v be_v again_o expanded_a so_o that_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v how_o much_o the_o thickness_n or_o thinness_n of_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o life_n or_o health_n of_o animal_n plate_n vii_o a_o instrument_n to_o distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la fig_n see_v fig_n a._n a._n a_o brazen_a vessel_n the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o upper_a open_a b._n b._n a_o piece_n of_o tin_n exquisite_o adapt_v to_o the_o tube_n so_o as_o to_o prevent_v the_o external_n air_n from_o enter_v in_o be_v adapt_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o it_o a._n a._n d._n d._n c._n c._n a_o tube_n fix_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tin_n plate_n b._n b._n d._n d._n a_o brazen_a vessel_n who_o orifice_n be_v contiguous_a to_o b._n b._n e._n e._n a_o stop-cock_n fix_v to_o the_o perforation_n in_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n f._n f._n a_o tube-reaching_a from_o the_o stop-cock_n to_o the_o pneumatick_a engin._n g._n g._n a_o metalline_a vessel_n enclose_v the_o juncture_n of_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o diaphragma_n and_o also_o the_o stop-cock_n that_o by_o keep_v they_o immerse_v in_o water_n they_o may_v be_v free_a from_o external_n air_n this_o be_v cement_v to_o the_o vessel_n a._n with_o soder_n the_o manner_n of_o use_v this_o engine_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n the_o tin_n plate_n be_v remove_v and_o the_o ingredient_n to_o be_v boil_v be_v put_v into_o the_o vessel_n a._n a._n then_o re-applying_a the_o tin_n plate_n a._n a._n and_o the_o vessel_n d._n d._n and_o the_o tube_n f._n f._n be_v apply_v to_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o the_o air_n pump_v out_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n have_v be_v first_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o shut_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o remove_v the_o tube_n f._n f._n and_o then_o the_o exhaust_a vessel_n be_v place_v on_o the_o fire_n vapour_n will_v ascend_v through_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n which_o will_v be_v condense_v in_o the_o upper_a vessel_n and_o what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v there_o generate_v will_v appear_v by_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n h._n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o round_a piece_n of_o perforated_a paper_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n a._n a._n d._n d._n they_o will_v be_v more_o exact_o join_v with_o the_o tin_n plate_n the_o juncture_n of_o the_o tube_n f._n f._n both_o with_o the_o pneumatick_a engine_n and_o stop-cock_n be_v to_o be_v guard_v with_o cement_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o stand_v so_o far_o without_o the_o vessel_n g._n that_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_o turn_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o vessel_n the_o tin_n plate_n e._n e._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v lay_v aside_o which_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o great_a dissiculty_n for_o the_o key_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o of_o which_o m._n be_v turn_v in_o the_o stop-cock_n by_o a_o chink_n into_o which_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o part_n o._n o._n which_o fill_v the_o pipe_n n._n n._n fix_v to_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n be_v receive_v so_o that_o one_o end_v be_v prominent_a outward_o whilst_o it_o be_v turn_v it_o may_v communicate_v motion_n to_o the_o other_o part_n m._n but_o whilst_o the_o tin_n plate_n b._n b._n be_v be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n it_o must_v be_v draw_v outward_a 2._o fig._n 2._o another_o instrument_n for_o the_o same_o use_v with_o the_o former_a b._n b._n a_o small_a tube_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v polish_a that_o it_o may_v be_v exact_o adapt_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n a._n and_o d._n a._n a._n d._n d._n two_o vessel_n make_v of_o glass_n so_o join_v by_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n that_o vapour_n may_v pass_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o e._n e._n f._n f._n g._n g._n i._o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_v with_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o the_o instrument_n be_v to_o be_v evacuate_v by_o the_o same_o method_n only_o the_o glass_n vessel_n must_v be_v place_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la or_o on_o sand_n and_o the_o vapour_n so_o raise_v will_v condense_a in_o the_o vessel_n d._n d._n chap._n iii_o article_n i._o several_a way_n to_o help_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n bread_n air_n produce_v from_o bread_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n which_o be_v moist_a and_o a_o little_a knead_a will_v yield_v air_n i_o include_v it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n july_n 12_o 76._o but_o it_o yield_v none_o on_o the_o 12_o some_o break_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o inch_n high_a and_o at_o night_n it_o be_v raise_v a_o inch_n high_o though_o no_o external_a air_n get_v in_o july_n 13_o it_o ascend_v high_a on_o the_o 26_o day_n it_o expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o separate_v the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n the_o smell_n of_o it_o be_v acid_a so_o that_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o bread_n by_o such_o a_o menstruum_fw-la as_o water_n experiment_n ii_o jv_o the_o 11_o bread_n be_v burn_v by_o a_o burning-glass_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yield_v air_n which_o come_v from_o it_o with_o a_o explosion_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v that_o can_v air_n be_v separate_v more_o easy_o from_o it_o it_o will_v produce_v very_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n iii_o septemb_n 22._o i_o enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n grape_n from_o grape_n eight_o ounce_n of_o dry_a grape_n bruise_v in_o 7_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o receiver_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n septemb_n 23._o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n all_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n septemb_n 30._o in_o seven_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v thirteen_o inch_n octob._n 5._o in_o five_o day_n more_o it_o be_v 25_o inch_n high_a octob._n 18._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v slow_o some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n grape_n without_o water_n do_v not_o yield_v air_n so_o plentiful_o see_v art_n ix_o exp._n i._n experiment_n iu._n july_n 12._o i_o shut_v up_o 10_o ounce_n of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n bruise_v raisin_n from_o raisin_n in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o ferment_n july_n 14._o in_o 48_o hour_n raise_v the_o mercury_n ten_o inch_n at_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o inch_n high_o the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v almost_o as_o high_a as_o when_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n july_n 16._o in_o the_o morning_n the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v separate_v by_o air_n which_o get_v through_o the_o water_n which_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o same_o raisin_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la again_o july_n 18._o in_o the_o morning_n the_o air_n break_v out_o july_n 19_o they_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n july_n 21._o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o full_a of_o air_n that_o some_o of_o it_o force_v its_o way_n out_o and_o they_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n again_o july_n 22._o the_o receiver_n be_v almost_o full_a the_o 23d_o in_o the_o morning_n it_o force_v itself_o out_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n have_v work_v upon_o grape_n 5_o or_o 6_o day_n they_o yield_v air_n very_o fast_o though_o at_o the_o first_o they_o do_v not_o experiment_n v._n august_n 13._o 1677._o plum_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o one_o receiver_n plum_n from_o plum_n and_o pear_n in_o two_o other_o august_n 16._o they_o be_v all_o full_a of_o air_n and_o one_o which_o contain_v pear_n and_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o sunbeam_n raise_v the_o cover_n in_o 24_o hour_n experiment_n vi._n octob._n 16._o 77._o grs._n from_o bsed_a grs._n i_o enclose_v two_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 20_o ounce_n of_o water_n .._o octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch._n octob._n 18._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o 20_o it_o increase_v 2_o inch_n the_o 22d_o 4_o inch_n the_o 27_o near_o 6_o inch_n jan._n 2._o 78._o it_o be_v not_o quite_o 10_o inch_n
of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 13_o it_o be_v ½_n a_o inch._n oct._n 17_o it_o be_v 1_o inch._n oct._n 18_o it_o be_v 1_o ½_n oct._n 19_o near_o 4_o inch_n oct._n 20_o the_o same_o but_o their_o surface_n seem_v mouldy_a oct._n 21_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n oct._n 22_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 23_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 24_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 27_o it_o be_v 6_o inch_n high_a octob._n 28_o it_o be_v 6_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 2_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 6_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a no._n 8_o it_o be_v 10_o inch_n high_a no._n 9_o it_o be_v 13_o inch_n high_a no._n 12_o it_o be_v 15_o inch_n high_a no._n 14_o it_o be_v 17_o inch_n high_a no._n 18_o it_o be_v 23_o inch_n high_a no._n 21_o it_o be_v 26_o inch_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 36_o ½_n inch_n high_a dec._n 12_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 36_o inch_n high_a the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o octob._n 10._o 677._o wine_n grape_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o another_o receiver_n into_o which_o be_v put_v 2_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n along_o with_o the_o grape_n oct._n 11_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 12_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 13_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 17_o the_o ascent_n be_v small_a oct._n 18_o not_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v but_o little_a jan._n 6._o the_o grape_n all_o this_o time_n afford_v no_o air_n so_o that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hinder_v their_o fermentation_n experiment_n ix_o have_v convey_v a_o peach_n into_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o so_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v just_o able_a to_o afford_v vapour_n to_o rise_v about_o it_o march_n 28._o 78._o it_o have_v the_o same_o colour_n but_o be_v the_o less_o firm_a it_o have_v almost_o whole_o contract_v the_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o yield_v not_o air._n experiment_n x._o wine_n air_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o convey_v 5_o peach_n into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v vapour_n about_o they_o octob._n 18_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o octob._n 20_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n inches_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n inches_n high_a nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o inch_n high_a nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 14_o digit_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 16_o digit_n nou._n 14_o the_o same_o nou._n 16_o the_o same_o dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 18._o dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o ½_n dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 23._o march_n 8_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n air_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o five_o peach_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o common_a receiver_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 18_o it_o ascend_v not_o octob._n the_o 20_o the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o digit_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 8_o octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 12_o nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 15_o nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o ½_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 14_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 16_o it_o be_v 21_o digit_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 26_o digit_n high_a dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 26_o ½_n digit_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 28_o ½_n digit_n high_a jan._n 6._o 78_o it_o be_v 32_o inch_n high_a march_n 28_o it_o be_v 33_o ½_n april_n 15._o liquor_n break_v out_o and_o the_o air_n after_o it_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o vapour_n do_v not_o hinder_v fermentation_n so_o much_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o experiment_n xi_o leaven_n paste_n with_o leaven_n have_v close_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o leaven_a dough_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o so_o much_o air_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n april_n 28._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v 2_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a april_n 3_o it_o be_v 3_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o the_o paste_n be_v mouldy_a it_o be_v raise_v 2_o ½_n high_a may_v 6_o it_o be_v 2_o ¾_n may_v 8_o it_o be_v 3_o may_n 10_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 4_o may_n 17_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 5_o may_n 24_o it_o be_v 6_o may_n 28_o it_o be_v 8_o june_n 2_o it_o be_v 9_o june_n 6_o it_o be_v 10_o june_n 41_o it_o be_v 11_o ½_n july_n 5_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n july_n 19_o it_o be_v 15_o paste_n without_o leaven_n april_n 27._o 78._o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n without_o leaven_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n leaven_n without_o leaven_n april_n 29._o in_o the_o afternoon_n it_o ascend_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n april_n 30._o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n may_v 4._o it_o ascend_v slow_o and_o the_o paste_n turn_v mouldy_a may_v 6._o it_o be_v about_o 4_o inch_n high_a may_v 8_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n may_v 10_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 10_o ½_n may_v 17_o it_o be_v 12_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n may_v 24_o it_o be_v 16_o ½_n may_v 28_o it_o be_v 18_o ½_n june_n 2_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n june_n 6_o it_o be_v 21_o ½_n june_n 14_o it_o be_v 25_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o leaven_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n xii_o may_v 23._o wine_n paste_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n on_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v pour_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n may_n 24_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 1_o inch._n may_v 26_o it_o be_v near_o 2._o may_v 27_o it_o be_v near_o 2_o ½_n may_v 31_o no_o alteration_n june_n 1_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 4_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a july_n 19_o no_o variation_n decemb._n 14._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n smell_v subacid_a paste_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 23._o it_o without_o it_o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v may_v 26_o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n high_a may_v 27_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 28_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 29_o it_o be_v 7_o digit_n high_a may_v 31_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 22_o digit_n high_a july_n 4_o it_o be_v 30_o digit_n high_a july_n 19_o it_o be_v about_o the_o height_n of_o 30_o digit_n the_o air_n break_v out_o decemb._n 14._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 15_o digit_n again_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n be_v very_o acid_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prejudices_fw-la the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o it_o likewise_o hence_o be_v evident_a that_o paste_n which_o be_v make_v without_o ferment_n will_v in_o time_n yield_v as_o much_o air_n as_o that_o prepare_v with_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o octob._n 11._o receiver_n new_a ale_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n new_a ale_n be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a cavity_n be_v take_v up_o with_o it_o and_o another_o receiver_n be_v likewise_o fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n except_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o cavity_n which_o contain_v air._n octob._n 12._o in_o the_o receiver_n exact_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a the_o other_o have_v its_o cover_n burst_v and_o the_o ale_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o purpose_n octob._n 13._o in_o that_o whole_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v 12_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v raise_v 13_o digit_n octob._n 14._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 13_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o 18._o in_o the_o evening_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 22_o inch_n and_o in_o the_o other_o 20._o octob._n 15._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a
26_o inch_n high_a aug._n 13_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 33_o aug._n 14_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 36_o aug._n 15_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 39_o aug._n 16_o the_o height_n of_o it_o be_v 41_o ½_n aug._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 44_o aug._n 11_o the_o height_n be_v 47_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 50_o the_o air_n be_v transmit_v and_o the_o goosberry_n take_v out_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o colour_n and_o almost_o all_o their_o acidity_n they_o produce_v air_n very_o regular_o except_o a_o little_a fast_o when_o some_o part_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o experiment_n vii_o sept._n 12._o grape_n crude_a grape_n crude_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o digit_n sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 5_o sept._n 14_o the_o height_n be_v 10_o sept._n 16_o the_o height_n be_v 17_o sept._n 17_o the_o height_n be_v 19_o sept._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 23_o sept._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 25_o sept._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 30_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o screw_n sept._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 3_o ½_n sept._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 32_o sept._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 34_o ½_n sept._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 36_o ¼_n sept._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n sept._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 37_o ¼_n oct._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 39_o ½_n oct._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 40_o ½_n oct._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 41_o ½_n oct._n 8_o the_o height_n be_v 42_o ½_n oct._n 15_o the_o height_n be_v 46_o nou._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 54_o nou._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 58_o jan._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o gage_n when_o the_o frost_n be_v most_o severe_a though_o the_o grape_n and_o their_o juice_n be_v freeze_v sept._n 21._o the_o grape_n be_v little_o alter_v and_o the_o mercury_n not_o much_o high_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o the_o grape_n though_o more_o pungent_a have_v not_o lose_v their_o taste_n but_o their_o juice_n preserve_v its_o red_a colour_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o grape_n yield_v not_o all_o their_o air_n in_o a_o little_a time_n experiment_n viii_o august_n 10._o 77._o vacuo_fw-la pear_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pear_n cut_v in_o two_o be_v include_v in_o a_o vacuum_n about_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 10_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 55_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 60_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 68_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o subside_v to_o 53_o ½_n aug._n 18_o the_o height_n be_v 61_o aug._n 19_o the_o height_n be_v 64_o aug._n 20_o the_o height_n be_v 70_o aug._n 21_o the_o height_n be_v 72_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o stand_v at_o 61._o aug._n 22_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 23_o the_o height_n be_v 74_o aug._n 24_o the_o height_n be_v 79_o aug._n 25_o the_o height_n be_v 81_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 61._o aug._n 26_o the_o height_n be_v 56_o soem_n get_v out_o be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 52._o aug._n 27_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 28_o the_o height_n be_v 68_o aug._n 29_o the_o height_n be_v 75_o aug._n 30_o the_o height_n be_v 83_o aug._n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 88_o sept._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 93_o sept._n 2_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 3_o the_o height_n be_v 89_o some_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 4_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 5_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o sept._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v 100_o no_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 9_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o sept._n 10_o the_o height_n be_v 107_o air_n be_v transmit_v it_o sink_v to_o 99_o sept._n 11_o sept._n 13_o the_o height_n be_v 105_o oct._n 8_o air_n get_v out_o pear_n yield_v their_o air_n by_o fit_n article_n xi_o various_a experiment_n experiment_n i._n march_n 16._o receiver_n melt_v lead_v in_o a_o receiver_n lead_v be_v melt_v in_o a_o brass_n vessel_n a_o inch_n and_o ½_n in_o diameter_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n pump_v out_o before_o the_o lead_v cool_v when_o it_o be_v cool_v the_o surface_n be_v concave_a especial_o in_o the_o middle_a though_o when_o it_o cool_v in_o open_a air_n the_o surface_n be_v general_o convex_a except_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o same_o success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o tin_n neither_o of_o the_o metal_n afford_v bubble_n experiment_n ii_o sept._n 2._o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n sept._n 15._o the_o salt_n be_v not_o christalize_v experiment_n iii_o august_n 8._o 76._o air._n artificial_a air._n artificial_a air_n from_o goosberry_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 1._o 7_o 6_o 7._o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n experiment_n iu._n august_n 8._o weigh_v air_n weigh_v a_o phial_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 7_o ounce_n 5_o drachm_n and_o 3_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v the_o air_n exhaust_v be_v poise_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o another_o weight_n upon_o which_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o bladder_n which_o cover_v it_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o needle_n and_o the_o air_n get_v into_o it_o weigh_v 4_o grain_n &_o ½_n which_o weight_n be_v to_o the_o former_a as_o 1_o to_o 814_o so_o that_o water_n be_v 800_o time_n heavy_a than_o air_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n experiment_n v._n jan._n 16._o 77._o nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_v nitre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o fix_a nitre_n be_v mix_v in_o a_o receiver_n together_o yield_v much_o air._n march_n 5._o the_o air_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n alter_v but_o nitre_n be_v produce_v in_o vacuo_fw-la from_o the_o mixture_n experiment_n vi._n may_v 12._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la several_a body_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o phial_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n be_v so_o far_o fill_v with_o oil_n that_o it_o wrought_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 120_o inch_n above_o the_o usual_a height_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v condense_v by_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a since_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v let_v out_o the_o surface_n rise_v not_o again_o august_n 5._o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o water_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o the_o height_n of_o its_o surface_n though_o the_o heat_n may_v have_v give_v reason_n to_o expect_v some_o change_n jan._n 14._o 78._o a_o glass_n phial_n be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n of_o its_o neck_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o my_o hand_n cause_v to_o rife_a to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v then_o invert_v into_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o mercury_n and_o my_o hand_n remove_v the_o cold_a spirit_n admit_v 3_o inch_n of_o mercury_n into_o its_o neck_n yet_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o so_o much_o air_n compress_v into_o it_o as_o raise_v 90_o digit_n of_o mercury_n the_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o condense_v by_o compression_n though_o cold_a have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n on_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o consider_v why_o cold_a shall_v have_v such_o a_o considerable_a effect_n in_o condense_a spirit_n and_o why_o it_o can_v be_v condense_v by_o compression_n experiment_n vii_o may_v 12._o 76._o turpentine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n some_o spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n with_o some_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n upon_o it_o be_v brisk_o move_v about_o till_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v they_o stick_v to_o several_a bubble_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o be_v by_o they_o carry_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v except_o 2_o drop_n which_o the_o bubble_n leave_v behind_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v continue_v their_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o be_v whole_o at_o rest_n yet_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n they_o for_o a_o little_a while_n renew_v their_o motion_n again_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n
phaenomena_n afford_v by_o frog_n in_o a_o exhaust-receiver_n experiment_n i._n sept._n 9_o 1662._o a_o large_a frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la vacuo_fw-la frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v but_o little_o swell_v and_o move_v her_o throat_n almost_o as_o fast_o as_o before_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v her_o body_n swell_v more_o and_o she_o continue_v alive_a about_o 2_o hour_n in_o a_o little_a more_o than_o 3_o hour_n she_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v leave_v all_o night_n upon_o the_o grass_n she_o recover_v again_o experiment_n ii_o a_o frog_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n almost_o total_o exhaust_v about_o 11_o a_o clock_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v unaltered_a but_o in_o six_o hour_n die_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 6._o 62._o a_o slender_n and_o a_o large_a frog_n be_v both_o include_v in_o a_o receiver_n whilst_o it_o be_v exhaust_v the_o lesser_a skip_v up_o and_o down_o and_o some_o time_n after_o but_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n seem_v dead_a the_o large_a frog_n swell_v a_o little_a and_o continue_v alive_a half_a a_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n leak_a we_o pursue_v the_o experiment_n no_o further_o experiment_n iu._n a_o small_a frog_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v lively_a but_o after_o move_v up_o and_o down_o as_o if_o very_a uneasy_a yet_o be_v alive_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o time_n she_o want_v respiration_n and_o her_o belly_n and_o throat_n be_v swell_v in_o 3_o ½_n hour_n time_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la and_o throat_n subside_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o swell_a there_o remain_v a_o cavity_n experiment_n v._n a_o large_a frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o plate_a receiver_n exhaust_v in_o seven_o hour_n be_v dead_a be_v much_o swell_v but_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v lanker_n than_o ever_o title_n iv_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o a_o new_o kitten_v kitling_n in_o vacuo_fw-la vacuo_fw-la a_o kitling_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o new_o kitten_v kitling_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n after_o convulsion_n lay_v with_o the_o tongue_n out_o as_o if_o dead_a but_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o trice_n recover_v another_o kitling_n of_o the_o same_o age_n be_v include_v in_o the_o same_o receiver_n after_o it_o have_v be_v by_o turn_n convulsive_a six_o minute_n upon_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n seem_v dead_a and_o when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n lay_v with_o its_o tongue_n out_o without_o either_o pulse_n or_o respiration_n but_o be_v pinch_v it_o present_o give_v sign_n of_o life_n and_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n gape_v and_o strain_v to_o fetch_v breath_n it_o recover_v a_o three_o be_v put_v into_o the_o same_o receiver_n after_o violent_a convulsion_n and_o want_n of_o breath_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n seem_v dead_a no_o more_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o than_o what_o be_v do_v at_o 3_o exsuction_n the_o pump_n be_v still_o ply_v and_o the_o kitling_n seem_v to_o swell_v some_o time_n after_o give_v sign_n of_o life_n be_v violent_o convulse_v after_o it_o have_v be_v enclose_v 7_o minute_n we_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o put_v aq._n vitæ_fw-la into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o kitling_n yet_o it_o die_v in_o our_o hand_n these_o animal_n continue_v perhaps_o 3_o time_n as_o long_o alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o other_o will_v have_v do_v title_n v._o some_o trial_n about_o the_o air_n usual_o harbour_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n etc._n etc._n water_n air_n conceal_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o bulk_n we_o fill_v a_o chemical_a pipe_n 36_o inch_n long_o with_o water_n and_o invert_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n about_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n deep_a and_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n these_o be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o and_o upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o it_o the_o bubble_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n want_v 8_o 10_o of_o about_o 100_o part_n of_o a_o inch._n soon_o after_o a_o tube_n to_o be_v describe_v by_o and_o by_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o same_o water_n and_o invert_v and_o when_o the_o receiver_n into_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n sink_v even_o with_o the_o stagnant_a water_n air_n be_v let_v in_o and_z rise_v the_o water_n within_o a_o ten_o part_n and_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o the_o top._n the_o tube_n be_v 43_o ¼_n inch_n above_o the_o stagnant_a water_n this_o experiment_n be_v twice_o try_v the_o first_o time_n the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o air_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o more_o the_o second_o it_o be_v ½_n and_o 1_o 15._o the_o first_o time_n the_o water_n subside_v level_a with_o the_o stagnant_a water_n in_o the_o second_o trial_n within_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n of_o it_o in_o these_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o air_n possess_v so_o little_a room_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o water_n seem_v not_o to_o subside_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v out_o yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n possess_v a_o considerable_a space_n quare_fw-la whether_o water_n free_v once_o of_o its_o air_n will_v yield_v air_n again_o and_o whether_o there_o be_v not_o air_n enough_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o fish_n when_o suck_v through_o their_o gills_o to_o discover_v more_o nice_o what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o pipe_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o globous_a part_n 3_o ½_n inches_n diameter_n and_o a_o stem_n 9_o inch_n long_o a_o inch_n of_o which_o at_o the_o top_n be_v melt_v and_o draw_v out_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n till_o it_o be_v as_o slender_a as_o a_o crow_n quill_n this_o glass_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n be_v with_o a_o pedestal_n convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o upon_o evacuate_v of_o it_o bubble_n plentiful_o rise_v and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o froth_n or_o foam_n but_o break_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o slender_a pipe_n they_o do_v not_o run_v over_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v we_o leave_v off_o pump_v till_o the_o water_n have_v be_v pretty_a well_o free_v from_o bubble_n and_o so_o we_o successive_o pump_v and_o leave_v off_o again_o till_o the_o water_n seem_v quite_o free_a from_o air_n and_o then_o let_v in_o external_n air_n the_o water_n do_v not_o seem_v a_o hair_n breadth_n low_a than_o before_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o claret_n which_o make_v we_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o kind_n of_o substance_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o aerial_a and_o spirituous_a body_n by_o handle_v they_o thus_o title_n vi_o of_o some_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o shell-fish_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la oyster_n in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o oyster_n in_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a bubble_n get_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n the_o oyster_n be_v alive_a at_o the_o end_n of_o 24_o hour_n experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o craw-fish_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o craw-fish_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v seem_v dead_a but_o revive_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o exhaust_v it_o be_v void_a of_o motion_n the_o experiment_n be_v 3_o or_o 4_o time_n exhaust_v and_o air_n let_v in_o again_o when_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v out_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v suffer_v much_o harm_n experiment_n iii_o another_o oyster_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o immerse_v in_o water_n that_o the_o bubble_n which_o may_v come_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n may_v be_v visible_a if_o any_o we_o find_v that_o this_o fish_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o no_o bubble_n can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n experiment_n iu._n a_o craw-fish_n strong_a than_o the_o former_a except_o one_o small_a intermission_n continue_v in_o motion_n whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o scale_n fish_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n vacuo_fw-la a_o gudgeon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la we_o fill_v the_o globous_a part_n of_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v shape_v like_o a_o bolt-head_n and_o large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n half_a full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v a_o gudgeon_n 3_o inch_n long_o into_o it_o which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o this_o be_v do_v we_o exhaust_v the_o
receiver_n so_o far_o that_o but_o one_o part_n of_o twenty_o of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o then_o we_o observe_v the_o follow_a particular_n first_o the_o water_n except_o about_o the_o fish_n afford_v no_o froth_n and_o but_o few_o bubble_n second_o the_o fish_n discharge_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o mouth_n and_o gills_o and_o several_a after_o it_o rest_v half_a a_o hour_n stick_v to_o its_o fin_n and_o tail_n and_o other_o part_n these_o bubble_n by_o swim_v will_v be_v shake_v off_o but_o upon_o a_o little_a rest_n they_o will_v appear_v about_o he_o again_o three_o except_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n he_o seem_v to_o take_v in_o air_n at_o his_o mouth_n and_o gills_o four_o after_o a_o while_n he_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o will_v swim_v in_o that_o posture_n five_o in_o some_o time_n he_o move_v more_o lively_a than_o at_o first_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a after_o he_o be_v include_v he_o seem_v clear_a of_o bubble_n but_o lay_v on_o his_o back_n and_o be_v a_o little_a tumid_a yet_o as_o lively_a as_o before_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o ¼_n after_o he_o be_v without_o motion_n and_o stiff_a yet_o be_v excite_v by_o motion_n he_o move_v a_o little_a air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n whilst_o he_o be_v under_o water_n he_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o seem_v a_o little_a revive_v and_o be_v convey_v along_o with_o the_o water_n into_o a_o basin_n of_o fresh_a water_n he_o be_v further_o recover_v yet_o can_v not_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n but_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o his_o belly_n seem_v much_o shrink_v he_o be_v alive_a at_o 24_o hour_n end_n and_o then_o be_v able_a to_o lie_v on_o his_o belly_n title_n viii_o of_o two_o animal_n include_v with_o large_a wound_n in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la in_o the_o pneumatical_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la abird_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o small_a bird_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v open_v tranvers_o in_o about_o a_o minute_n after_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_n have_v convulsion_n in_o its_o wing_n and_o be_v take_v out_o be_v past_o recover_v though_o there_o be_v very_o little_a alteration_n in_o its_o lung_n and_o the_o auricles_n of_o its_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o frog_n who_o abdomen_fw-la be_v so_o much_o open_v that_o two_o curl_a lobe_n of_o its_o lung_n come_v out_o at_o the_o incision_n be_v suspend_v by_o the_o leg_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v lie_v void_a of_o motion_n its_o abdomen_fw-la and._n thigh_n be_v swell_v very_o much_o as_o if_o distend_v with_o some_o airy_a vapour_n one_o lobe_n when_o the_o frog_n be_v shut_v up_o appear_v full_a the_o other_o shrink_v up_o and_o thus_o they_o continue_v till_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o and_o then_o the_o body_n grow_v less_o tumid_a and_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v tumid_a subside_v it_o present_o recover_v title_n ix_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o separate_a heart_n of_o a_o cold_a animal_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o tin_n plate_n beat_v as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v grow_v tumid_a emit_v several_a bubble_n out_o of_o it_o yet_o it_o continue_v to_o beat_v as_o fast_o or_o fast_o than_o in_o the_o open_a air._n the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o experiment_n ii_o the_o heart_n of_o another_o though_o tumid_a beat_v a_o hour_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o begin_v to_o fail_v i_o apply_v heat_n to_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o it_o renew_v and_o continue_v its_o motion_n another_o hour_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v motion_n be_v renew_v by_o apply_v of_o heat_n a_o second_o time_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o hour_n the_o motion_n which_o be_v but_o a_o tremble_a one_o can_v neither_o be_v promote_v by_o the_o air_n nor_o heat_n title_n x._o a_o comparison_n of_o time_n wherein_o animal_n may_v be_v kill_v by_o drown_v or_o withdraw_v of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n sept._n 10._o receiver_n animal_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n a_o green-finch_n be_v sink_v in_o water_n by_o a_o weight_n be_v dead_a after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_o 0184_o 0108_o five_o 3_o a_o minute_n without_o motion_n experiment_n ii_o a_o sparrow_n which_o at_o the_o first_o move_v very_o vigorous_o under_o water_n be_v take_v up_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v half_a a_o minute_n without_o motion_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iii_o a_o mouse_n be_v immerse_v half_o a_o minute_n and_o some_o second_o after_o some_o faint_a sign_n of_o life_n though_o not_o convulsive_a die_v experiment_n iu._n a_o duck_n be_v immerse_v by_o a_o weight_n after_o it_o have_v lie_v quiet_a for_o a_o minute_n be_v a_o little_a uneasy_a but_o be_v quiet_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n we_o take_v it_o out_o and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o recover_v but_o be_v immerse_v again_o in_o fresh_a water_n it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n and_o nostril_n and_o in_o two_o minute_n time_n begin_v to_o struggle_v at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o minute_n cease_v to_o emit_v bubble_n it_o begin_v to_o gape_v which_o continue_v two_o minute_n and_o then_o its_o head_n hang_v careless_o down_o it_o seem_v dead_a be_v take_v out_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n v._n a_o duckling_n be_v immerse_v with_o its_o beak_n about_o 2_o inch_n under_o water_n emit_v bubble_n at_o its_o beak_n which_o likewise_o arise_v from_o some_o place_n in_o its_o neck_n about_o as_o far_o from_o its_o eye_n as_o from_o its_o ear_n after_o which_o several_a time_n it_o endeavour_v to_o dive_v low_a and_o have_v be_v moderate_o convulse_v hang_v its_o head_n down_o as_o if_o dead_a at_o 3_o minute_n end_n soon_o after_o a_o tremble_a motion_n appear_v in_o some_o part_n of_o its_o bill_n but_o that_o cease_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o minute_n it_o be_v take_v out_o past_a recovery_n experiment_n vi._n a_o viper_n be_v so_o long_o keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la that_o it_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n over_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o a_o glass_n body_n be_v as_o lively_a as_o ever_o then_o we_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n body_n stop_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o depress_v with_o a_o weight_n where_o it_o lay_v a_o considerable_a time_n with_o very_o little_a motion_n when_o four_o hour_n be_v almost_o past_a it_o swim_v above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o have_v several_a time_n put_v out_o its_o tongue_n when_o a_o little_a more_o than_o seven_o hour_n be_v pass_v it_o seem_v dead_a its_o head_n and_o tail_n hang_v down_o without_o motion_n n._n b._n though_o several_a of_o these_o animal_n seem_v to_o die_v a_o little_a soon_o in_o water_n than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o it_o do_v not_o certain_o prove_v that_o the_o former_a kill_v they_o fast_o for_o in_o water_n they_o be_v deprive_v of_o air_n instant_o in_o a_o receiver_n by_o degree_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o hence_o viz._n that_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n which_o can_v be_v exhaust_v at_o one_o suck_v the_o animal_n contain_v in_o it_o will_v be_v dead_a in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n xi_o of_o the_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o animal_n in_o air_n bring_v to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n but_o not_o near_o the_o utmost_a one_o of_o rarefaction_n experiment_n i._n aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v 3_o hour_n in_o a_o receiver_n vacuo_fw-la several_a animal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 4_o ½_n pint_n seem_v sick_a but_o be_v take_v out_o recover_v experiment_n ii_o aug._n 18._o a_o linote_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n in_o less_o than_o 1_o ¼_n hour_n and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n recover_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 9_o a_o lark_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n together_o with_o a_o gage_n when_o ¾_n of_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o minute_n be_v past_o recovery_n experiment_n iu._n sept._n 9_o a_o green-finch_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n half_o exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n be_v sick_a and_o throw_v matter_n which_o she_o vomit_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o which_o she_o seem_v better_a and_o continue_v so_o for_o 3_o minute_n and_o then_o be_v sick_a and_o vomit_v as_o before_o she_o eat_v part_n of_o it_o up_o
mercury_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v buoy_v up_o so_o high_a it_o will_v not_o be_v elevate_v high_a than_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o but_o those_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o allow_v not_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la ascribe_v the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n to_o a_o impulse_n or_o propagation_n of_o motion_n by_o the_o dilation_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n the_o dilate_a thorax_n propagate_v the_o impulse_n till_o it_o reach_v successive_o the_o body_n suck_v for_o such_o think_v the_o universe_n total_o a_o plenum_fw-la think_v that_o such_o matter_n not_o find_v any_o other_o place_n to_o move_v into_o do_v upon_o that_o score_n buoy_v up_o the_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v and_o comparative_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o impulse_n the_o thorax_n by_o dilate_v can_v make_v it_o will_v scarce_o be_v think_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o one_o will_v compress_v the_o whole_a air_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o impel_v the_o body_n suck_v vigorous_o enough_o to_o rise_v to_o that_o height_n which_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o by_o suction_n but_o the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n evident_o depend_v on_o this_o that_o by_o suction_n the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o consequent_o it_o must_v rise_v and_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o the_o stagnant_a water_n to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n and_o to_o refute_v the_o other_o i_o have_v mention_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n a_o small_a bubble_n with_o a_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o when_o the_o air_n be_v force_v out_o by_o rarefaction_n the_o stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n where_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o go_v into_o the_o bubble_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n those_o that_o say_v so_o allow_v dari_fw-la vacuum_n and_o subvert_v their_o own_o principle_n and_o as_o for_o the_o plenist_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n we_o may_v ask_v they_o what_o become_v of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n and_o remain_v so_o till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v since_o be_v the_o world_n a_o absolute_a plenum_fw-la before_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o it_o without_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v such_o a_o empty_a space_n within_o to_o receive_v the_o water_n beside_o if_o they_o say_v the_o external_a air_n be_v condense_v and_o compress_v by_o that_o which_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n occasion_n the_o re-ingress_n of_o water_n when_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v that_o a_o cubic_n inch_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o place_n the_o bubble_n be_v evacuate_v in_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o press_v the_o water_n thus_o in_o again_o but_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v account_v for_o without_o these_o difficulty_n since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n within_o the_o bubble_n be_v disproportionable_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o less_o rarify_v ambient_fw-la air_n it_o must_v consequent_o yield_v to_o it_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ingress_n of_o water_n prove_v our_o own_o opinion_n propose_v and_o prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o appear_v what_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v which_o that_o i_o may_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n by_o suction_n in_o a_o word_n depend_v on_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o tube_n what_o that_o pressure_n depend_v on_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v in_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v what_o we_o teach_v of_o suction_n we_o take_v then_o a_o crooked_a syphon_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o long_o which_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v and_o so_o much_o water_n convey_v into_o the_o crooked_a end_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o both_o leg_n so_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o possess_v a_o inch_n and_o ½_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o by_o all_o the_o force_n and_o reiterated_a suction_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n high_o than_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o that_o for_o when_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n be_v so_o far_o weaken_a that_o it_o can_v not_o depress_v the_o water_n subjacent_a the_o water_n keep_v at_o the_o same_o station_n be_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n high_a which_o be_v not_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o at_o first_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n it_o be_v present_o depress_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n condense_v till_o the_o water_n likewise_o rise_v in_o that_o to_o its_o first_o station_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n about_o suction_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n our_o hypothesis_n reduce_v to_o proposition_n i._o that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o as_o it_o have_v weight_n nor_o elastacity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o elevation_n ii_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v up_o liquor_n by_o suction_n iii_o that_o in_o some_o case_n suction_n will_v not_o be_v make_v as_o according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n i_o dissent_v from_o it_o shall_v although_o there_o be_v a_o dilatation_n of_o the_o sucker_n thorax_n and_o no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n though_o the_o liquor_n shall_v ascend_v prove_v the_o first_o proposition_n prove_v to_o make_v out_o the_o first_o proposition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o take_v a_o invert_v tube_n such_o as_o be_v former_o make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n but_o something_o long_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n stand_v above_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o a_o ordinary_a barometer_n and_o then_o one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o short_a leg_n upon_o which_o the_o mercury_n subside_v in_o the_o long_o and_z rise_v in_o the_o short_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n depress_v the_o subjacent_a and_o raise_v that_o when_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o prove_v the_o second_o proposition_n prove_v as_o for_o the_o second_o proposition_n lay_v down_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v liquor_n in_o suction_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n and_o therefore_o here_o i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o travel_a baroscope_n for_o have_v get_v a_o baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v something_o long_a than_o ordinary_a we_o cause_v one_o by_o suction_n to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o we_o mark_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v in_o the_o long_o which_o be_v do_v we_o unseal_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n elevate_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n 5_o inch_n confirm_v the_o three_o confirm_v for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n lay_v down_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoun_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v 2_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o have_v seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n we_o open_v the_o end_n of_o the_o long_o upon_o which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v add_v to_o the_o pressure_n make_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n have_v the_o like_a success_n to_o
make_v it_o further_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o pressure_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n syphon_n like_o the_o former_a and_o have_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o short_a leg_n i_o pour_v in_o so_o much_o mercury_n as_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n about_o 30_o inch_n high_o than_o in_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o the_o mercury_n can_v not_o be_v raise_v by_o suction_n above_o one_o inch_n high_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n whereas_o do_v the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n it_o will_v have_v rose_n much_o high_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o leave_v a_o vacuum_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n since_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o natural_o possess_v so_o that_o the_o reason_n according_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n evident_o appear_v to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v in_o a_o due_a aequilibrium_fw-la when_o by_o suck_v the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o long_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a expand_n itself_o so_o much_o as_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o air_n and_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a so_o far_o the_o pillar_n of_o mercury_n keep_v it_o from_o expand_v any_o further_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o force_n to_o raise_v and_o press_v the_o mercury_n up_o it_o can_v be_v elevate_v no_o high_o since_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n act_v only_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o not_o as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n too_o so_o when_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o spring_n it_o can_v propel_v the_o mercury_n no_o high_o to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v here_o explain_v one_o phaenomenon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it which_o to_o some_o seem_v a_o argument_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n the_o phaenomenon_n be_v that_o if_o one_o finger_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o convey_v air_n from_o the_o receiver_n to_o the_o pump_n the_o pulp_n of_o one_o finger_n will_v enter_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v very_o painful_a the_o protuberant_a part_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o by_o attraction_n to_o which_o we_o give_v this_o brief_a answer_n viz._n that_o when_o first_o the_o finger_n be_v place_v there_o it_o receive_v a_o equal_a pressure_n from_o the_o air_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o from_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o when_o that_o air_n be_v draw_v away_o the_o external_n pressure_n find_v no_o resistance_n press_v the_o fleshy_a part_n into_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v according_o painful_a as_o the_o external_n pressure_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o internal_a resistance_n be_v great_a or_o less_o to_o 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of_o scale_n which_o will_v turn_v with_o the_o 30_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o balance_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o frame_n both_o the_o frame_n and_o the_o balance_n be_v place_v by_o a_o good_a baroscope_n from_o whence_o the_o present_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v learn_v by_o which_o mean_v i_o can_v discern_v variation_n by_o which_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o alter_v above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a pleasant_a to_o behold_v that_o sometime_o the_o bubble_n will_v be_v counterpoise_v but_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o high_a it_o will_v manifest_o preponderate_v and_o upon_o other_o change_v the_o scale_n will_v preponderate_v on_o the_o other_o side_n and_o in_o some_o day_n time_n again_o regain_v its_o aequilibrium_fw-la so_o that_o by_o look_v
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exactness_n than_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o steel_n which_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o rust_v four_o the_o bubble_n and_o its_o counterpoise_n may_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o beam_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v be_v less_o burden_v with_o weight_n five_o the_o whole_a instrument_n will_v be_v more_o free_a from_o dust_n and_o irregular_a agitation_n if_o place_v in_o a_o frame_n like_o a_o square_a lantern_n with_o glass_n window_n and_o a_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n to_o give_v a_o intercourse_n betwixt_o external_n and_o internal_a air._n six_o this_o instrument_n have_v a_o light_a wheel_n and_o a_o index_n fit_v to_o it_o such_o as_o dr._n wren_n use_v to_o open_a weather-glass_n with_o and_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n hook_n apply_v to_o baroscope_n will_v discover_v more_o minute_n variation_n seven_o the_o beam_n may_v be_v improve_v by_o be_v make_v long_o and_o its_o balance_n may_v be_v more_o exquisite_a than_o those_o i_o general_o employ_v thus_o though_o this_o statical_a 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air_n we_o make_v experiment_n with_o here_o below_o be_v so_o much_o compress_v already_o by_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n that_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v more_o incline_v by_o its_o spring_n to_o yield_v to_o a_o expansive_a than_o a_o compressive_a force_n four_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v a_o specific_a gravity_n come_v to_o be_v spread_v so_o thin_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o for_o they_o to_o swim_v in_o and_o to_o bear_v they_o up_o since_o the_o proportion_n be_v so_o great_a betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o five_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a wonderful_a that_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subject_a to_o vary_v its_o dimension_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v expanded_a without_o the_o assistance_n of_o art_n elaborate_a engine_n or_o heat_n the_o 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experiment_n i._n copper_n change_v of_o colour_n in_o a_o solution_n of_o copper_n file_n of_o crude_a copper_n be_v put_v into_o a_o crystal_n glass_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o stand_v a_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o file_n we_o cover_v the_o vessel_n with_o a_o stopple_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o copper_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v a_o dark_a brown_n but_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o colour_n and_o be_v clear_a again_o like_o common_a water_n but_o when_o by_o take_v out_o the_o stopple_n the_o liquor_n be_v again_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o first_o acquire_v a_o brown_a colour_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o penetrate_a deep_a into_o the_o liquor_n by_o degree_n it_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n be_v whole_o tinge_v with_o a_o brown_a colour_n again_o and_o so_o it_o successive_o lay_v down_o and_o re-acquired_a that_o colour_n as_o it_o be_v stop_v up_o or_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n till_o at_o the_o last_o be_v keep_v up_o a_o month_n it_o keep_v the_o brown_a colour_n it_o have_v acquire_v in_o the_o air_n unaltered_a experiment_n ii_o a_o bottle_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n with_o the_o former_a and_o which_o be_v much_o clear_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n time_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o alter_v but_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o close_v up_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a green_n and_o the_o glass_n be_v again_o unstop_v 24_o hour_n the_o green_n be_v deep_a enough_o but_o not_o very_o transparent_a experiment_n iii_o about_o 3_o spoonful_n of_o the_o brown_a tincture_n of_o copper_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v ten_o time_n as_o much_o it_o retain_v its_o colour_n half_o a_o year_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o then_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o green_a in_o about_o a_o hour_n without_o the_o precipitation_n of_o any_o muddy_a sediment_n experiment_n iu._n some_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a tincture_n be_v leave_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n lose_v its_o colour_n and_o appear_v like_o common_a water_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o december_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o acquire_v a_o faint_a and_o moderate_o transparent_a green_n experiment_n v._n wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n file_n of_o copper_n and_o as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o fermented_a urine_n as_o rise_v a_o inch_n above_o they_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o conical_a glass_n with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n in_o some_o hour_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o seal_a leg_n be_v depress_v experiment_n vi._n a_o gage_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o
degli_fw-la huomini_fw-la e_fw-la passando_fw-la per_fw-la i_o campi_n sbarbicando_fw-la ogni_fw-la sort_n di_fw-it piante_fw-la le_fw-fr portò_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la gettandole_v molti_fw-la passi_fw-la lontano_fw-la rendendo_fw-la la_fw-fr terra_fw-la per_fw-la ove_z scorce_v cosi_fw-it arsa_fw-la che_fw-mi pare_v non_fw-fr vi_o sii_fw-la mai_fw-gr stata_fw-la piantata_fw-la cosa_fw-mi alcuna_fw-la arriuò_fw-la nella_fw-it villa_n decta_fw-la bagnaria_fw-la del_fw-it dominio_fw-la veneto_fw-it dove_n gettò_fw-la a_o terra_fw-la molte_fw-it case_n sino_fw-mi a_o fondamenti_fw-la et_fw-la altre_n discoperse_v e_fw-la rovinò_fw-la portando_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la tavole_fw-it travi_fw-la et_fw-la ogni_fw-la altra_fw-la cosa_fw-mi che_fw-it era_fw-la dentro_fw-la esse_fw-la case_n restando_fw-la mal_fw-fr trattate_n molte_fw-it person_n senza_fw-it però_fw-la la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it alcuno_fw-it fuori_fw-la di_fw-it dettata_fw-la villa_n vi_o e_fw-la una_fw-la chiesa_n chiatata_fw-la s._n tomaso_n la_fw-fr quale_fw-la resto_fw-la scoperta_fw-la e_fw-la rovinata_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la del_fw-it muro_fw-la portando_fw-la via_fw-la il_fw-it campanile_n e_o campane_n che_fw-it nel_fw-it giorno_fw-la seguente_fw-la non_fw-la erano_fw-la per_fw-la anco_fw-la trovate_v dii_fw-la lá_fw-la si_fw-la portò_fw-la verso_fw-la sevigliano_fw-it dominio_fw-la veneto_fw-it e_fw-it rovinon_fw-la tutta_fw-mi la_fw-fr campagna_n senza_fw-it danno_fw-mi però_fw-la della_fw-it villa_n stessa_n mentre_n li_n passò_fw-la poco_fw-it lontano_fw-la e_fw-la girando_fw-la poco_fw-it lungi_fw-la dalla_fw-la villa_n stessa_n spiantò_fw-la da_fw-la fondamenti_fw-la un_fw-it palazzo_n del_fw-it d._n co._n horatio_n strasoldo_n nel_fw-it quale_fw-la gli_fw-it amazzò_fw-la ogni_fw-la sort_n di_fw-it à nimali_fw-la i_o vi_o erano_fw-mi portando_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la li_n mobili_fw-la e_fw-it sino_fw-it le_fw-fr botti_n esterminando_n parr_n della_fw-it possessione_n non_fw-fr restorono_fw-it però_fw-la offese_fw-it person_n perch_n erano_fw-mi alla_fw-mi campagna_n a_o lavorare_fw-la e_fw-it nel_fw-it camino_fw-la getto_fw-it pure_a a_o terra_fw-la due_a altre_n case_n che_fw-it sono_fw-la nel_fw-it taglio_fw-it per_fw-la andare_n a_o strasoldo_n spiantandole_v affacto_fw-la con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it una_fw-la donna_n d'un_fw-fr fanciullo_n e_fw-la diversi_fw-la animali_fw-la diego_n la_fw-fr voltò_fw-la verso_fw-la palma_n et_fw-la arrivando_fw-la sino_fw-la alle_fw-mi mura_fw-la della_fw-it fortezz_n agirò_fw-la verso_fw-la la_fw-fr villa_n di_fw-it privano_n mezo_fw-es miglio_fw-it distante_fw-la quale_fw-la rovinò_fw-la la_fw-fr meta_fw-la spiantando_fw-la da_fw-la fondamenti_fw-la belissimi_fw-la palazzi_n portando_fw-la per_fw-la aeria_fw-la travi_fw-la tavole_fw-it et_fw-la ogni_fw-la altra_fw-la cosa_fw-mi con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it molti_fw-la quantità _fw-la di_fw-it feriti_fw-la e_fw-la diversi_fw-la strapazzati_fw-la con_fw-mi far_z alla_fw-fr campagna_n di_fw-it molto_fw-mi male_a di_fw-it poi_fw-mi scorse_v nella_fw-it villa_n di_fw-it visco_n dominio_fw-la imperiale_n e_z tra_z li_z altri_fw-la danni_fw-la fatti_fw-la roninò_fw-la tutto_fw-mi il_fw-it palazzo_n novo_fw-la del_o d._n marco_n foscolini_n gentilhuomo_n di_fw-fr cinidal_n nel_fw-it quale_fw-la essendoni_fw-la una_fw-la grand_fw-mi rimessa_fw-it da_fw-it carozze_n la_fw-fr di_fw-it cvi_fw-la porta_n havena_fw-es three_fw-mi cadenazzi_fw-fr &_o entrando_fw-la il_fw-fr turbine_fw-la per_fw-la li_n balconi_fw-la gettò_fw-la la_fw-fr carozza_n con_fw-mi tanto_fw-la empito_fw-la nella_fw-it porta_n siessa_fw-it che_fw-it la_fw-fr ruppe_n e_fw-la portò_fw-la fuori_fw-la la_fw-it caroza_fw-it tutta_fw-mi fracassata_fw-la gettandola_n sopra_fw-la un_fw-fr muro_fw-la della_fw-it corte_n assa_fw-la alto_fw-mi portando_fw-la il_fw-it cielo_fw-it della_fw-it stessa_n mezzo_fw-it miglio_fw-it lontano_fw-la e_fw-la vertò_fw-la nel_fw-it medemo_fw-la palazzo_n ferito_fw-la e_fw-la mal_fw-fr trattato_fw-it un_fw-fr seruitore_fw-la di_fw-it esso_fw-it foscolini_n di_fw-it cvi_fw-la ronino_o pure_a braida_n &_o un_fw-fr brolo_fw-la essendo_fw-la in_o detta_fw-it villa_n restati_fw-la due_a morti_fw-la e_fw-la diversi_fw-la feriti_fw-la she_o inoltrò_fw-la poi_fw-it nella_fw-it villa_n di_fw-it s._n vido_n di_fw-it crauglio_fw-it stato_fw-it imperiale_n la_fw-fr quale_fw-la rovino_fw-it tutta_fw-mi affatto_fw-it senza_fw-it restaurui_fw-it nemeno_fw-la una_fw-la casa_n portando_fw-la per_fw-la aria_n coppi_n travi_fw-la legne_n sassi_fw-la e_fw-la mobili_fw-la con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it moltissime_fw-la person_n e_fw-la moltissimi_fw-la feriti_fw-la e_fw-la rovinati_fw-la et_fw-la in_o detta_fw-it villa_n non_fw-la si_fw-la può_fw-la anddare_fw-la ne_o con_v carri_n ne_o con_v cavalli_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr grande_fw-fr moltitudine_fw-la di_fw-mi rovinazzo_fw-it arbori_fw-la et_fw-la altro_fw-it che_fw-it hanno_fw-mi attaver-sato_a le_fw-fr strade_fw-mi essendo_fw-la rimassi_fw-la morti_fw-la grand_fw-mi numero_fw-la di_fw-it animali_fw-la dam_fw-la questo_fw-la luoco_fw-la si_fw-la portò_fw-la verso_fw-la villes_n villa_n imperiale_n bvona_fw-la parte_fw-la della_fw-it quale_fw-la gettò_fw-la a_o terra_fw-la andar_n al._n territorio_fw-la di_fw-it monfalcone_fw-it con_fw-mi la_fw-fr morte_fw-la di_fw-it molte_fw-it person_n et_fw-la quantità _fw-la di_fw-it animali_fw-la con_fw-mi lasciar_fw-mi le_fw-fr campagne_n per_fw-mi dove_n è_fw-la passata_fw-la senza_fw-it piante_fw-la e_fw-la come_v strada_fw-la battuta_fw-la hà _fw-la danneggiato_fw-it anco_fw-la altre_n ville_fw-fr ma_fw-fr leggiermenre_fw-fr ne_fw-la per_fw-la anco_fw-la si_fw-la sá_fw-la quello_fw-it haverà _fw-it fatto_fw-it piu_fw-it avanti_fw-la nel_fw-it detto_n territorio_fw-la questo_fw-la successo_fw-la hà _fw-it lasciato_fw-it un_fw-it spavento_fw-it grande_fw-fr in_fw-it queste_n parti_fw-la essendosi_fw-la vedute_fw-la cose_z incredibili_fw-la mentre_fw-fr piovevano_fw-la sassi_fw-la tavole_fw-it arbori_fw-la travi_fw-la coppi_n huomini_fw-la donne_fw-fr fanciulli_fw-la botti_n sorghi_o wa_z galline_a animali_fw-la et_fw-la in_o conclusione_n ciò_fw-la che_fw-it incontrava_fw-it portava_fw-la per_fw-la aria_fw-la con_fw-mi un_fw-fr rumore_fw-la e_fw-la fracasso_fw-la così_n gradne_fw-mi che_fw-it faceva_fw-it terror_fw-la essendo_fw-la per_fw-la debt_n ville_fw-fr un_fw-fr concorso_fw-it grande_fw-fr di_fw-it popolo_fw-la vicino_fw-la per_fw-la vedere_fw-la cose_z che_fw-it si_fw-mi rendono_fw-it incredibili_fw-la i_o be_o tell_v that_o though_o the_o eastern_a wind_n blow_v near_o tangier_n about_o ¾_n of_o a_o year_n yet_o they_o reach_v not_o into_o the_o inland_a country_n where_o such_o wind_n be_v not_o common_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o who_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o mine_n near_o the_o sea_n that_o before_o south_n wind_n the_o water_n will_v be_v trouble_v but_o before_o east_n wind_n it_o will_v be_v clear_a than_o ordinary_a the_o depth_n of_o the_o mine_n be_v about_o 15_o or_o 20_o fathom_n he_o tell_v i_o likewise_o that_o the_o hurricane_n at_o goa_n come_v but_o at_o two_o season_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n and_o the_o four_o of_o october_n title_n xvi_o of_o the_o air_n as_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o sound_n and_o of_o sound_n and_o noise_n in_o the_o air_n and_o particular_o thunder_n and_o of_o the_o air_n operation_n on_o the_o sound_v of_o body_n sound_n of_o the_o air_n as_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o sound_n upon_o the_o rise_n of_o several_a tempest_n together_o the_o sky_n seem_v cover_v over_o with_o globe_n of_o smoky_a cloud_n the_o air_n seem_v black_a and_o thick_a and_o by_o and_o by_o incessant_a lightning_n with_o terrible_a loud_a thunder_n break_v out_o ludolph_n history_n of_o aethiop_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o a_o viol._n string_n have_v be_v observe_v upon_o rainy_n weather_n to_o sound_v half_o a_o note_n sharp_a than_o before_o and_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o same_o person_n that_o have_v keep_v false_a string_n in_o his_o pocket_n for_o some_o time_n after_o they_o become_v true_a one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n have_v observe_v that_o some_o string_n be_v apt_a to_o receive_v a_o tension_n than_o other_o title_n xvii_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n water_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o cubical_a inch_n of_o water_n have_v place_v a_o hollow_a cube_n of_o brass_n every_o side_n of_o which_o be_v a_o exact_a english_a inch_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n as_o horizontal_o as_o we_o can_v it_o be_v weight_n be_v Ê’xi_fw-la gr_n 1._o ss_z we_o fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n and_o then_o beside_o the_o counter-poise_n of_o the_o brass_n cube_n the_o water_n weigh_v 254_o â—_o â—_o grain_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o fill_v the_o vessel_n more_o exact_o than_o we_o do_v i_o judge_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n may_v way_n 256_o grain_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o mercury_n weigh_v in_o the_o same_o brass_n cube_n be_v 3580_o grain_n which_o be_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n as_o 14_o to_o 1_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o a_o inch_n square_a of_o air_n here_o below_o amount_v to_o 18_o l_o ½_n troy-weight_n i._n e._n 15_o l._n 1_o 17_o averdupois-weight_n as_o 11_o to_o 14._o or_o rather_o as_o 355._o to_o 452_o so_o be_v the_o area_n of_o a_o square_n inscribe_v in_o a_o circle_n to_o the_o area_n of_o the_o circumscribe_v circle_n hence_o 355_o 452_o ∷_o 1_o 1_o 2732394._o hence_o if_o the_o side_n of_o a_o circumscribe_v square_n be_v a_o inch_n that_o multiply_v by_o a_o inch_n render_v a_o cubick_a inch_n for_o the_o solid_a content_a in_o the_o like_a manner_n if_o the_o height_n of_o a_o
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
than_o the_o air._n among_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o follow_v be_v remarkable_a have_v cause_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o stem_n such_o as_o fig._n 1._o plate_n 1._o delineate_n to_o be_v blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n the_o stem_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o it_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v erect_v will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n just_o where_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o egg_n and_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v but_o if_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v immerse_v whole_o in_o water_n or_o but_o half_a way_n in_o quicksilver_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o subside_o again_o when_o take_v out_o in_o this_o experiment_n several_a time_n repeat_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v sudden_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_o but_o if_o it_o be_v first_o immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o thence_o remove_v into_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o but_o not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n these_o trial_n be_v make_v the_o 26_o of_o june_n the_o wether_n be_v moderate_a but_o be_v repeat_v another_o day_n when_o it_o be_v windy_a and_o rainy_a the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o thermometer_n subside_v june_n 27_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n will_v subside_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n but_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v depress_v into_o mercury_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n some_o time_n till_o it_o be_v as_o warm_v to_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o will_v both_o of_o they_o immediate_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o january_n in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temper_n with_o the_o external_n when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n of_o water_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch_n and_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a vessel_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o high_a again_o but_o soon_o subside_v when_o take_v out_o into_o the_o free_a air._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o may_v be_v different_o inform_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a when_o we_o employ_v our_o organ_n of_o touch_n and_o when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o proper_a instrument_n on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o not_o only_a water_n but_o moist_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o seem_v cold_o to_o our_o sensory_n than_o common_o weather-glass_n discover_v it_o to_o be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o a_o themometer_n only_o more_o exact_o measure_v the_o effect_n which_o cold_a have_v upon_o it_o and_o our_o sensory_n yet_o i_o myself_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la solique_fw-la temperiem_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la provincia_n frigus_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la poscat_fw-la poli_fw-fr altitudo_fw-la vix_fw-la enim_fw-la illa_fw-la excedit_fw-la gradum_fw-la secundum_fw-la supra_fw-la quadragesimum_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la per_fw-la integros_fw-la quatuor_fw-la saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeo_fw-la duro_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ac_fw-la gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxie_n ac_fw-la securissime_fw-la transeant_fw-la exit_fw-la iis_fw-la etiam_fw-la ingentia_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la excinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o mensibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o also_o may_v be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o precipitation_n of_o those_o by_o dew_n or_o rain_n which_o effect_n may_v perhaps_o be_v false_o attribute_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o hint_v i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v two_o weather-glass_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a length_n 3d._n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2d_o and_o 3d._n the_o division_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v half_a inch_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o not_o much_o less_o the_o one_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o be_v seal_v the_o other_o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o be_v not_o seal_v but_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n may_v rise_v with_o heat_n and_o fall_v with_o cold._n in_o these_o thermoscope_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o that_o which_o be_v seal_v the_o liquor_n regular_o ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o
their_o in_o do_v of_o which_o instead_o of_o liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o common_a glass_n we_o employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineal_n open_v by_o the_o most_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o be_v freeze_v but_o susceptible_a of_o the_o slight_a degree_n of_o cold_a impress_v upon_o it_o by_o external_a body_n but_o though_o we_o think_v these_o weather-glass_n subject_a to_o few_o exception_n than_o common_a one_o yet_o in_o estimate_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o our_o reason_n and_o not_o quite_o exempt_a from_o those_o imperfection_n we_o have_v impute_v to_o weather-glass_n since_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o steam_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v have_v other_o effect_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o i_o once_o observe_v that_o have_v immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n in_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o a_o lukewarm_a mixture_n the_o spirit_n rise_v up_o slow_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o subside_v not_o again_o much_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o good_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n 5_o hour_n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la in_o his_o theatrum_fw-la chymicum_fw-la vol._n 6._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v will_v swell_v considerable_o in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o subside_o at_o the_o new_a which_o observation_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o argument_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n make_v with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n undergo_v several_a change_n when_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n which_o other_o liquor_n abound_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o so_o that_o not_o unlikely_a if_o weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o different_a liquor_n be_v keep_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n there_o will_v be_v some_o disparity_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o but_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o the_o respective_a liquor_n which_o though_o of_o different_a kind_n may_v receive_v the_o same_o colour_n from_o the_o same_o metal_n so_o copper_n give_v the_o know_a colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o afford_v a_o fair_a solution_n in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o well_o as_o give_v a_o lovely_a blue_n to_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o shall_v ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o it_o will_v give_v a_o good_a tincture_n to_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o show_v that_o even_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o weather-glass_n may_v be_v work_v upon_o and_o influence_v by_o external_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o one_o that_o lie_v by_o i_o some_o 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dissolve_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o other_o sulphereous_a or_o resinous_n concretion_n dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o fine_a figure_a mass_n in_o cold_a wether_n and_o re-dissolve_a in_o warm_a other_o be_v more_o rude_o congeal_v and_o even_o in_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o urine_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v clear_a and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n but_o to_o bring_v instance_n from_o more_o obvious_a liquor_n it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o watermen_n that_o their_o boat_n will_v carry_v great_a load_v in_o winter_n than_o summer_n and_o on_o freeze_a coast_n in_o several_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o ship_n draw_v less_o water_n 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shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n 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than_o full_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v further_o allege_v against_o mr_n hobbes_n his_o doctrine_n that_o it_o give_v we_o no_o account_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a in_o weather-glass_n in_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o cold_a and_o rise_v with_o heat_n four_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n in_o explain_v the_o depression_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n attribute_n it_o sole_o to_o it_o be_v own_o gravity_n it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o we_o must_v likewise_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o if_o a_o thermometer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sun_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o shank_n be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o other_o and_o sometime_o so_o far_o that_o some_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o soon_o as_o 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again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o 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the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a the_o water_n be_v raise_v 2_o ¼_n inch_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o depress_v so_o low_o in_o the_o short_a that_o several_a bubble_n rise_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ball._n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o except_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n which_o be_v but_o small_a answerable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n though_o its_o spring_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n weaken_v by_o cold._n a_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o first_o plate_n fig._n 1._o p._n 12._o a._n the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c._n the_o stem_n d._n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n fig._n 2._o the_o open_a weatherglass_n mention_v p._n 16_o 22._o fig._n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o
spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o be_v half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o about_o the_o side_n the_o liquor_n be_v subside_v to_o 5_o 2_o â—_o division_n each_o division_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v to_o 1_o ½_n division_n to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v another_o which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n though_o freeze_v be_v warm_a than_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o jan._n 15_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v first_o brisk_o and_o then_o more_o gradual_o till_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n 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four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o take_v a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n with_o water_n in_o it_o we_o immerge_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o the_o water_n as_o before_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o be_v contain_v be_v first_o encompass_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v we_o mark_v the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o oil_n at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o subside_v and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o it_o have_v subside_v as_o low_a as_o it_o can_v we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n and_o then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o air_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n and_o then_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n out_o into_o another_o glass_n careful_o poise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n remain_v at_o the_o mark_n which_o it_o subside_v to_o in_o the_o water_n and_o we_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n pour_v off_o weigh_v about_o 10_o grain_n and_o so_o much_o more_o be_v pour_v off_o as_o make_v it_o stand_v at_o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n depress_v it_o it_o weigh_v about_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v artificial_o condense_v so_o far_o that_o it_o subside_v as_o much_o after_o it_o have_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a strong_a enough_o to_o freeze_v water_n as_o it_o be_v cause_v to_o fall_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o and_o by_o divide_v the_o whole_a proportion_n of_o oil_n by_o the_o number_n of_o grain_n who_o bulk_n it_o seem_v to_o lose_v by_o subside_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v by_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o a_o 94th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o by_o divide_v it_o by_o the_o additional_a number_n of_o the_o grain_n more_o we_o find_v that_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n have_v condense_v it_o a_o 47th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n have_v circumscribe_v water_n moderate_o cold_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n what_o it_o shrink_v be_v if_o not_o insensible_a inconsiderable_a to_o measure_v the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o when_o extreme_o cold_a we_o weigh_v a_o glass-bubble_n in_o it_o which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n moderate_o cool_a and_o by_o the_o diminution_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o that_o medium_fw-la we_o find_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o in_o water_n cool_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o new_a decrement_n of_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o that_o cold_a water_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o gravity_n and_o density_n acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o gold_n and_o by_o weigh_v the_o same_o bubble_n in_o the_o same_o water_n in_o hot_a wether_n we_o learned_a further_n how_o much_o more_o dense_a and_o heavy_a water_n moderate_o cold_a and_o extreme_o cold_a be_v than_o warm_a water_n it_o will_v be_v of_o use_n to_o try_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o in_o italy_n where_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o keep_v snow_n and_o of_o freeze_a warm_a water_n speedy_o a_o glass-bubble_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v 150_o grain_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n on_o a_o day_n not_o frosty_a it_o weigh_v 29_o â—_o 8_o and_o be_v weigh_v in_o water_n which_o be_v a_o little_a freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o ice_n it_o be_v not_o above_o â…›_n part_v of_o a_o grain_n light_a than_o before_o so_o that_o the_o water_n by_o condensation_n lose_v not_o above_o a_o 230th_o part_n of_o its_o former_a bulk_n how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n at_o sea_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v thereby_o learn_v to_o know_v by_o find_v the_o density_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 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which_o the_o pendulous_a water_n be_v contain_v the_o stem_n may_v for_o conveniency_n be_v hold_v either_o horizontal_a upward_o or_o perpendicular_a title_n v._o experiment_n concern_v the_o tendency_n of_o cold_a upward_o or_o downward_o vigorous_o what_o way_n or_o in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o that_o heat_n general_o act_v most_o powererful_o on_o body_n above_o it_o and_o that_o its_o tendency_n be_v upward_o be_v self-evident_a but_o to_o discover_v in_o what_o line_n cold_a act_n most_o vigorous_o and_o further_a we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o glass-bubble_n with_o water_n in_o it_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n be_v suspend_v within_o less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n over_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n but_o freeze_v not_o a_o bottle_n which_o contain_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v hold_v under_o water_n it_o be_v case_v with_o ice_n especial_o about_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a seem_v chief_o to_o tend_v downward_o but_o i_o rely_v less_o upon_o this_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o vial_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v always_o opposite_a to_o the_o mixture_n not_o reach_v high_o or_o low_o than_o that_o mixture_n above_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o as_o the_o mixture_n dissolve_v and_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o dissolve_v part_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o so_o proportionable_o the_o circle_n of_o ice_n grow_v narrow_a on_o the_o outside_n till_o the_o mixture_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v and_o then_o the_o ice_n vanish_v and_o from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v
condense_v by_o cold_a the_o air_n break_v in_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n for_o that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v beside_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_o observe_v than_o that_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o side_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o burst_v they_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v general_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n depend_v not_o on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v since_o shall_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fluid_a contain_v in_o a_o bottle_n will_v be_v so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o possess_v less_o space_n than_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n there_o and_o the_o bottle_n not_o burst_v since_o glass-bubble_n much_o thin_a than_o ordinary_a bottle_n will_v endure_v the_o frost_n though_o stop_v close_o with_o air_n in_o they_o but_o not_o only_a water_n expand_v itself_o upon_o freeze_a but_o other_o aqueous_a body_n so_o egg_n be_v freeze_v burst_v their_o shell_n asunder_o and_o milk_n urine_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o distinct_a glass-egg_n the_o wine_n be_v freeze_v swell_v a_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o surface_n the_o milk_n two_o inch_n and_o the_o urine_n six_o or_o seven_o and_o a_o solution_n of_o dantzick-vitriol_n do_v not_o only_o become_v opace_fw-la but_o rise_v considerable_o high_a in_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n upon_o congelation_n whether_o more_o stable_n and_o consistent_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a will_v be_v worth_a inquire_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o very_a clock_n have_v be_v freeze_v so_o that_o they_o will_v not_o go_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o voyage_n at_o charlton-island_n his_o watch_n be_v freeze_v as_o well_o as_o his_o clock_n whether_o these_o effect_n depend_v on_o any_o swell_v of_o the_o rope_n or_o whether_o the_o spring_n of_o his_o watch_n may_v be_v weaken_v by_o cold_a or_o whether_o some_o iceicle_n stick_v to_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v as_o bare_a conjecture_n to_o be_v further_o examine_v into_o by_o experience_n the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o experiment_n about_o freeze_a referrable_a to_o the_o vii_o title_n read_v before_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v fill_v a_o bolt-head_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o two_o turkey_n egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v a_o pretty_a height_n into_o the_o slender_a stem_n be_v put_v into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v a_o little_a but_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v it_o will_v sensible_o swell_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o a_o raven_n quill_n when_o first_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n present_o ascend_v the_o height_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o present_o subside_v again_o which_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n will_v attribute_v to_o a_o constriction_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n second_o and_o though_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n relate_v that_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n after_o it_o have_v subside_v a_o little_a to_o rest_v and_o then_o subside_v again_o yet_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o make_v i_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o three_o when_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v a_o little_a it_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n till_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v four_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v unequal_o big_a upon_o glaciation_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a one_o will_v be_v indiscernible_a but_o in_o a_o slender_a one_o it_o will_v ascend_v several_a inch_n in_o a_o minute_n till_o it_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n five_o though_o the_o forentine_a academian_o say_v they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v again_o before_o glaciation_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o see_v such_o a_o phaenomenon_n six_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n when_o first_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o small_a iceicle_n be_v melt_v it_o will_v subside_o again_o yet_o if_o reapply_v to_o the_o mixture_n a_o second_o time_n it_o will_v freeze_v in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n viii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1_o though_o the_o liquor_n we_o have_v mention_v expand_v themselves_o upon_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o be_v not_o thence_o to_o couclude_v that_o all_o will_n since_o we_o have_v find_v it_o by_o experience_n not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n which_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o the_o cold._n 2._o among_o the_o several_a experiment_n make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_v 3._o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o slender_a stem_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch._n 4._o mercury_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o place_v in_o a_o bold-head_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subside_v 2_o inch_n common_a oil_n place_v in_o the_o same_o mixture_n subside_v till_o it_o freeze_v but_o if_o it_o be_v immediate_o thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o will_v expand_v itself_o so_o much_o as_o to_o rise_v about_o the_o mark._n the_o experiment_n succeed_v a_o second_o time_n and_o be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n the_o lump_n of_o the_o congeal_a oly_n will_v sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n oil_n of_o aniseed_n artificial_o freeze_v subside_v considerable_o in_o a_o small_a pipe_n empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o gaujacum_fw-la be_v expose_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v not_o freeze_v but_o evident_o subside_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o viii_o title_n 1._o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n the_o one_o make_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochineal_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o blue_a tincture_n of_o spirit_n of_o man_n blood_n and_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o then_o be_v remove_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n set_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o thermometer_n subside_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a stem_n and_o place_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a subsided_a 3_o inch_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a concrete_a which_o when_o it_o be_v leisurely_o dissolve_v the_o fluid_a part_n emit_v several_a bubble_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o this_o concrete_a that_o though_o when_o thaw_v it_o swim_v upon_o water_n yet_o when_o congeal_v it_o will_v not_o title_n ix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v cause_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n and_o its_o cause_n 1._o it_o be_v usual_o account_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n that_o it_o swim_v upon_o it_o for_o though_o the_o superficies_n of_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_o emergent_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o greenland_n where_o huge_a rock_n of_o ice_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v as_o high_a above_o the_o water_n as_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n which_o can_v we_o suppose_v to_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o to_o be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a form_n that_o part_v immerse_v will_v be_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o that_o above_o the_o water_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v bear_v up_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n so_o much_o in_o greenland_n more_o than_o in_o our_o climate_n beside_o that_o the_o size_n of_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n contribute_v to_o the_o render_v the_o observation_n more_o remarkable_a the_o water_n expansion_n in_o that_o cold_a climate_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v further_a expanded_a there_o than_o here_o and_o consequent_o light_a 2._o piece_n of_o ice_n free_a from_o bubble_n float_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n draw_v from_o brandy_n and_o likewise_o from_o quicklime_n and_o though_o if_o that_o spirit_n be_v warm_v it_o will_v present_o subside_o yet_o as_o it_o cool_v the_o ice_n will_v ascend_v nevertheless_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v thaw_v
the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o external_a air_n be_v not_o without_o bubble_n when_o freeze_v in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o be_v expanded_a the_o numerous_a bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o give_v it_o a_o whitish_a opacity_n and_o the_o same_o phaenomena_n be_v afford_v by_o ice_n freeze_v in_o metalline_a vessel_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o ice_n freeze_v in_o the_o hermetical_o seal_a glass_n receive_v not_o its_o bubble_n from_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o with_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v first_o since_o the_o water_n must_v be_v expanded_a before_o it_o can_v divide_v that_o air_n into_o bubble_n second_o that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o seal_a glass_n can_v be_v disperse_v through_o the_o ice_n and_o thereby_o cause_v it_o to_o expand_v appear_v since_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v so_o far_o compress_v by_o the_o swell_a ice_n that_o it_o break_v the_o glass_n which_o it_o will_v not_o do_v can_v it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o ice_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o freeze_a water_n but_o three_o be_v the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o 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be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n be_v seal_v up_o and_o place_v about_o 9_o hour_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n ascend_v 15_o inch_n ½_n and_o afterward_o ½_n of_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v neglect_v for_o a_o hour_n the_o seal_a end_n be_v blow_v off_o and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n break_v in_o piece_n 2._o water_n free_v from_o air_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o round_a bolt-head_n in_o which_o the_o seal_a apex_n be_v about_o 5_o inch_n above_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o ice_n very_o free_a from_o bubble_n and_o have_v stand_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n about_o 2_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 4_o inch_n and_o â…œ_n the_o conical_a apex_n be_v break_v with_o a_o noise_n and_o a_o seem_a smoke_n we_o find_v water_n unfreeze_v under_o the_o pipe_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v to_o a_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o 3._o the_o globous_a part_n of_o a_o glass-egg_n 3_o inches_n diameter_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o 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close_o up_o in_o it_o so_o that_o upon_o expansion_n it_o can_v not_o get_v out_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o put_v a_o plugg_n into_o it_o upon_o which_o be_v place_v several_a weight_n which_o amount_v to_o 120_o pound_n yet_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o cylinder_n the_o water_n expanded_a raise_v the_o plugg_n near_o half_a a_o inch_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o next_o day_n the_o freeze_a water_n raise_v 130_o pound-weight_n 2._o a_o iron-barrel_n 14_o inch_n long_o and_o â…œ_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n who_o side_n be_v at_o the_o thick_a part_n 1_o 16_o and_o at_o the_o least_o â—_o 16_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o mixture_n
of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expanâ—…e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v 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a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n ascend_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o the_o top._n n._n b._n when_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v beyond_o seven_o inch_n we_o several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o glass_n just_a above_o the_o water_n on_o the_o inside_n be_v full_a of_o little_a drop_n of_o dew_n which_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o disappear_v 2._o a_o vial_n who_o neck_n be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o slender_a pipe_n be_v fill_v till_o it_o wrought_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o pipe_n in_o a_o little_a time_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n the_o air_n be_v too_o much_o compress_v the_o head_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o and_o the_o same_o happen_v to_o a_o round_a white_a glass_n who_o stem_n fill_v with_o air_n be_v about_o 3_o inch_n nor_o be_v the_o success_n otherwise_o when_o we_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n in_o a_o large_a single_a vial_n who_o stem_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o its_o basis_n a_o inch_n broad_a 3._o a_o oval_a 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this_o way_n of_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n may_v be_v compress_v and_o water_n expanded_a by_o cold_a we_o think_v least_o exceptionable_a because_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v more_o impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n than_o some_o metalline_a vessel_n for_o have_v break_v open_a the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o one_o of_o our_o glass-egg_n we_o find_v that_o though_o the_o water_n be_v but_o a_o little_a expanded_a yet_o not_o find_v a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v up_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n in_o estimate_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o the_o cold_a body_n but_o also_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o it_o as_o likewise_o the_o instrument_n employ_v to_o receive_v or_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a since_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o weather-glass_n give_v we_o a_o more_o nice_a account_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o and_o that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o various_a predisposition_n beside_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cold_a body_n 1._o but_o to_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o have_v find_v it_o very_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o odorous_a body_n insomuch_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o cold_a without_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n since_o ice_n approach_v our_o sensory_a or_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v neither_o though_o hold_v as_o near_o as_o possible_o they_o may_v without_o touch_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v at_o sea_n where_o in_o foggy_a night_n the_o seaman_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v neighbour_a mountain_n of_o ice_n though_o by_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o greenland_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o he_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a access_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n 2._o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n the_o ice_n be_v never_o much_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n thick_a they_o usual_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o as_o it_o run_v over_o the_o ice_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o thicken_v the_o ice_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o proper_a conservatory_n this_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o pump_v of_o water_n upon_o flake_n of_o ice_n i_o find_v that_o the_o pump-water_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o ice_n thaw_v it_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o and_o though_o here_o in_o england_n water_n pour_v upon_o snow_n promote_v its_o dissolution_n yet_o in_o russia_n and_o muscovy_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o water_n throw_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v it_o which_o they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o general_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n when_o only_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o in_o try_v such_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n in_o promote_a or_o vary_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o trial_n 3._o how_o deep_a frost_n penetrate_v into_o water_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n to_o determine_v since_o earth_n especial_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o its_o duration_n the_o texâ—â—â—…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n dâ—â—â—…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o
garden_n about_o 2_o after_o ten_o night_n frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n be_v freeze_v about_o 6_o inch_n ½_n and_o that_o in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v 8_o ½_n or_o more_o eight_o day_n after_o it_o be_v freeze_v about_o a_o foot_n deep_a 5._o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n 18_o inch_n long_o be_v thrust_v down_o into_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o ground_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v level_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o next_o morning_n the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 3_o inch_n from_o which_o stick_v of_o ice_n a_o part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v freeze_v 6_o inch_n deep_a but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n remain_v unfreeze_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o garden_n that_o night_n be_v freeze_v ten_o inch_n deep_a 6._o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o ground_n in_o a_o garden_n be_v not_o freeze_v above_o two_o foot_n deep_a but_o capt._n james_n say_v in_o charlton-island_n he_o observe_v the_o ground_n freeze_v ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o journal_n p._n 86._o say_v that_o the_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v natural_o above_o six_o foot_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xiii_o title_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o lee-ward_n of_o great_a bank_n of_o ice_n they_o may_v discover_v they_o by_o the_o access_n of_o cold_a twenty_o league_n title_n fourteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o different_a medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v diffuse_v of_o the_o medium_n through_o which_o cold_a may_v be_v diffuse_v in_o try_v these_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o medium_n be_v not_o to_o be_v too_o thick_a since_o from_o experiment_n already_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o a_o compact_n medium_fw-la very_o thick_o will_v not_o give_v way_n to_o cold._n 1._o have_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n in_o a_o pipkin_n and_o another_o in_o a_o white_a basin_n glaze_v within_o and_o without_o they_o be_v both_o incrustate_v with_o ice_n and_o that_o cold_a will_v penetrate_v pewter-bottle_n appear_v from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o 2._o have_v cause_v two_o cup_n to_o be_v make_v of_o latin_a or_o plate_n of_o iron_n cover_v over_o with_o tin_n the_o convex_a part_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o less_o have_v a_o broad_a ledge_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o it_o rest_v on_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o other_o so_o as_o to_o leave_v a_o interval_n betwixt_o its_o convex_a superficies_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o other_o we_o fill_v that_o interval_n with_o water_n and_o put_v a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n within_o the_o less_o cup_n and_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o other_o we_o have_v cup_n of_o ice_n make_v of_o the_o enclose_a water_n 2._o the_o learned_a erasmus_n bartholinus_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la nivis_fw-la mention_n a_o experiment_n by_o which_o air_n be_v turn_v into_o water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o heat_n viz._n ice_n or_o snow_n be_v put_v into_o a_o a_o funnel_n which_o he_o suppose_v refrigerates_n and_o condense_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o the_o dew_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v condense_v air_n be_v make_v up_o of_o moist_a vapour_n swim_v in_o it_o which_o be_v so_o small_a in_o quantity_n that_o have_v suspend_v a_o tunnel_n in_o the_o air_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v much_o more_o refrigerate_v than_o either_o ice_n or_o snow_n by_o themselves_o it_o gather_v but_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n and_o that_o too_o last_v no_o long_a than_o whilst_o the_o mixture_n be_v dissolve_v beside_o those_o condense_a vapour_n be_v first_o freeze_v before_o they_o drop_v down_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n 3._o that_o in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v freeze_v vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v lay_v down_o but_o that_o cold_a shall_v not_o only_o penetrate_v glass_n but_o afterward_o act_v upon_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v a_o little_a more_o strange_a for_o have_v suspend_v a_o tube_n of_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la and_z pile_v snow_n and_o ice_n about_o it_o as_o high_a as_o the_o include_v water_n wrought_v it_o work_v upon_o it_o and_o freeze_v it_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n 4._o but_o what_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a be_v that_o cold_a will_v act_v through_o a_o evident_o hot_a medium_fw-la for_o drink_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o mineral_n water_n timely_a in_o the_o morning_n i_o observe_v a_o manifest_a coldness_n through_o the_o muscle_n of_o my_o abdomen_fw-la which_o be_v in_o a_o high_a degree_n remarkable_a in_o a_o gentleman_n who_o drink_v much_o great_a quantity_n 5._o to_o try_v whether_o the_o fluidity_n of_o water_n depend_v on_o a_o congenite_fw-la motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o it_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o it_o by_o impulse_n from_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n we_o provide_v a_o glass-bubble_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o walnut_n and_o of_o a_o pear_n like_o shape_n who_o stem_n be_v purposely_o make_v crooked_a and_o suspend_v it_o by_o a_o thread_n in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n contain_v in_o a_o narrow_a glass_n and_o this_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n though_o the_o oil_n continue_v fluid_a yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v freeze_v and_o when_o we_o go_v to_o take_v it_o out_o the_o bubble_n be_v crack_v the_o great_a part_n subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mixture_n but_o we_o perceive_v that_o that_o which_o be_v pull_v out_o be_v divide_v by_o a_o line_n through_o the_o middle_n from_o the_o top_n downward_o and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a in_o this_o trial_n that_o the_o two_o separable_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n for_o 14_o hour_n be_v very_o little_o waste_v the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o a_o bubble_n of_o water_n suspend_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o another_o suspend_v in_o sea-salt_n be_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o nor_o be_v another_o that_o we_o hang_v in_o a_o sharp_a brine_n but_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v another_o time_n the_o water_n be_v freeze_v both_o in_o the_o bubble_n suspend_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o in_o that_o which_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o strong_a brine_n the_o bottle_n which_o contain_v the_o latter_a be_v crack_v which_o crack_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o a_o globe_n to_o the_o meridian_n reach_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bubble_n downward_o 6._o a_o bubble_n suspend_v with_o water_n in_o it_o in_o a_o glass_n immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v freeze_v without_o the_o intervention_n of_o any_o liquor_n title_n xv._o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v ice_n ice_n concern_v ice_n 1._o though_o in_o the_o east-indies_n it_o have_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o water_n in_o england_n shall_v without_o any_o artificial_a mean_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o consistent_a body_n yet_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o some_o that_o in_o russia_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v much_o hard_a than_o we_o 2._o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o ice_n we_o think_v to_o have_v try_v what_o weight_n cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o different_a diameter_n will_v bear_v but_o be_v frustrate_v in_o such_o trial_n we_o try_v how_o much_o weight_n a_o plate_n of_o it_o place_v betwixt_o two_o iron-bar_n will_v bear_v but_o have_v not_o convenient_a weight_n we_o be_v force_v to_o be_v content_a to_o know_v that_o it_o bear_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n than_o one_o can_v suppose_v it_o capable_a of_o 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n 3_o inch_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o about_o 4_o of_o a_o inch_n thick_o be_v lay_v across_o a_o frame_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n of_o this_o figure_n 7_o have_v a_o scale_n hang_v at_o the_o long_a leg_n the_o horizontal_a leg_n be_v place_v upon_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ice_n and_o then_o 117_o ounce_n troy-weight_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n when_o the_o iron_n have_v melt_v half_o the_o ice_n through_o on_o one_o side_n and_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o other_o the_o weight_n be_v able_a to_o break_v it_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v when_o the_o piece_n of_o ice_n be_v 2_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o it_o bear_v 17_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o 48_o ounce_n troy-weight_n when_o the_o iron_n on_o one_o side_n have_v melt_v ⅔_n and_o on_o the_o other_o ½_n part_v of_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o 4._o plate_n of_o ice_n be_v lay_v upon_o a_o stool_n
snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stinkâ—_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a
degree_n of_o coldness_n but_o though_o it_o from_o hence_o appear_v that_o frigorifick_a atom_n may_v refrigerate_v the_o air_n yet_o i_o believe_v not_o that_o all_o wind_n must_v necessary_o be_v cool_v so_o since_o the_o cold_a air_n near_o the_o pole_n swim_v upon_o that_o which_o fill_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v for_o want_v of_o a_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v so_o cold_a as_o to_o cool_v the_o air_n sudden_o when_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o rain_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o we_o for_o acosta_n have_v observe_v upon_o mountain_n high_a than_o the_o alps_o that_o the_o air_n be_v extreme_o cold._a and_o the_o hollander_n who_o fail_v within_o 17_o degree_n of_o the_o pole_n observe_v that_o their_o cold_a wind_n be_v chief_o northerly_a and_o north-easter_o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o to_o show_v that_o cold_a wind_n receive_v not_o so_o much_o their_o quality_n from_o the_o quarter_n from_o whence_o they_o blow_v as_o from_o the_o region_n over_o which_o they_o pass_v for_o mr._n wood_n tell_v we_o that_o though_o in_o england_n the_o most_o troublesome_a and_o unwholesome_a wind_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n yet_o in_o new-england_n those_o be_v the_o most_o wholesome_a because_o the_o north-east-wind_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n thaw_v the_o ice_n and_o melt_v the_o snow_n but_o the_o north-west-wind_n come_v over_o the_o land_n cause_v cold._a and_o capt._n james_n observe_v the_o like_a in_o charlton-island_n viz._n that_o the_o southwind_n be_v cold_a which_o come_v over_o a_o freeze_a tract_n of_o land_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o xviii_o title_n 1._o the_o little_a seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o glass-vial_n grease_v in_o the_o inside_n when_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v and_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v incrustate_v be_v take_v out_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v off_o upon_o which_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n immediate_o rise_v in_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o present_o subside_v again_o below_o the_o former_a mark_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n may_v communicate_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a than_o ice_n itself_o 2._o have_v place_v a_o weatherglass_n make_v by_o the_o standard_n at_o gresham-college_n in_o a_o cellar_n where_o beer_n continue_v unfreeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a winter_n last_o night_n and_o this_o morning_n the_o tinged_a liquor_n stand_v 2_o division_n and_o ⅛_n above_o the_o freeze_a mark_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o garden_n it_o subside_v to_o the_o freeze_a mark_n but_o though_o the_o cellar_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o warm_a as_o my_o chamber_n the_o weatherglass_n there_o stand_v two_o inch_n above_o the_o freeze_a mark_n in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o fire_n be_v make_v and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o tinged_a spirit_n ascend_v to_o the_o 8_o 9th_o and_o sometime_o almost_o to_o the_o ten_o mark._n 3._o the_o last_o night_n be_v render_v very_o cold_a by_o snow_n frost_n and_o wind_n this_o morning_n the_o weatherglass_n be_v remove_v into_o the_o garden_n the_o tinged_a spirit_n subside_v two_o division_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark_n yet_o the_o cellar_n do_v not_o become_v so_o much_o hot_a by_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n continue_v undissolve_v in_o it_o till_o the_o next_o morning_n though_o the_o moderate_a warmth_n of_o spring_n or_o autumn_n be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v it_o fluid_a 4._o a_o weatherglass_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o stream_n of_o water_n as_o it_o come_v reak_a hot_a out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o liquor_n subside_v considerable_o and_o be_v carry_v to_o my_o chamber_n the_o air_n there_o be_v cold_o than_o the_o water_n it_o be_v depress_v low_a 5._o have_v hold_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o the_o reak_a stream_n of_o pump-water_n the_o spirit_n rise_v about_o 5_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o do_v at_o a_o well_o in_o oxford_n and_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n immerse_v in_o a_o spring_n that_o usual_o smoke_v in_o the_o winter_n it_o be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v place_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o house_n about_o noon_n i_o find_v that_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n then_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o smoke_a spring_n 6._o feb._n 19_o the_o frost_n have_v continue_v 3_o day_n the_o spirit_n be_v raise_v as_o high_a by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o spring_n as_o it_o use_v to_o be_v the_o next_o day_n the_o spring_n beginning_n to_o smoke_n the_o warmth_n of_o the_o water_n raise_v the_o spirit_n near_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o rise_v at_o the_o springhead_n some_o month_n ago_o and_o the_o water_n be_v then_o much_o warm_a than_o the_o air_n for_o the_o spirit_n when_o bring_v to_o my_o chamber_n subside_v the_o ground_n without_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o little_a snow_n 7._o 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burning-glass_n to_o concentre_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o can_v neither_o perceive_v they_o cold_a or_o hot_a though_o sanctorius_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o that_o be_v concentre_v and_o cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v but_o since_o my_o glass_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v from_o the_o narrative_a be_v better_a than_o he_o i_o must_v suspend_v my_o assent_n till_o further_a satisfy_v by_o experience_n for_o since_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o several_a of_o his_o scholar_n stand_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o event_n the_o effect_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v on_o the_o warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xxi_o title_n the_o samojede_v clothe_v themselves_o with_o renes_fw-la skin_n the_o hair_n be_v outward_a and_o i_o have_v find_v a_o pair_n of_o cangy_n warm_a than_o fur_a glove_n they_o be_v chief_o make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o 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and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n 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the_o mixture_n though_o consistent_a be_v cold_o than_o the_o fluid_a ingredient_n to_o try_v whether_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o compression_n we_o take_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n within_o two_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n then_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o freeze_a it_o from_o the_o bottom_n upward_o in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixtre_n when_o the_o include_v air_n be_v compress_v as_o much_o as_o we_o think_v the_o glass_n will_v bear_v we_o nip_v off_o the_o apex_n and_o find_v that_o thereupon_o the_o air_n fly_v out_o and_o the_o water_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o its_o former_a surface_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v compress_v ⅜_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n but_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v be_v occasion_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o some_o springiness_n in_o the_o ice_n 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that_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n fall_v upon_o a_o table_n keep_v in_o a_o globular_a form_n yet_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o drop_n be_v not_o so_o far_o prevalent_a above_o its_o tenacity_n as_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o spread_v beside_o it_o be_v prevent_v partly_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o be_v globous_a figure_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o its_o aversion_n to_o spread_v upon_o a_o dry_a body_n and_o its_o disposition_n to_o shun_v contrary_n be_v evident_a since_o it_o retain_v the_o like_a figure_n when_o mix_v with_o fluid_a oil_n and_o mercury_n on_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o retain_v a_o globular_a figure_n upon_o a_o table_n yet_o if_o put_v upon_o gold_n it_o lose_v that_o figure_n antiperistasis_n whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o antiperistasis_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o what_o reason_n may_v be_v offer_v against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o antiperistasis_n to_o proceed_v to_o examine_v what_o experiment_n and_o observation_n have_v be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o slack_n of_o quicklime_n with_o cold_a water_n be_v general_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n yet_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o since_o it_o will_v cause_v a_o much_o more_o violent_a ebullition_n if_o boil_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o cold_a the_o part_n of_o the_o hot_a liquor_n be_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o penetrate_v and_o dissolve_v it_o and_o to_o set_v the_o igneous_a part_n at_o liberty_n for_o which_o reason_n spirit_n of_o salt_n cause_v still_o a_o strong_a ferment_n than_o hot_a water_n but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o water_n slack_v not_o lime_n because_o its_o coldness_n keep_v in_o and_o thereby_o invigorate_v the_o power_n of_o the_o igneous_a fiery_a part_n of_o the_o lime_n i_o put_v a_o piece_n into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dissolve_v it_o nor_o do_v spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v present_o dissolve_v examine_v another_o argument_n examine_v another_o argument_n allege_v for_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v the_o freeze_a of_o a_o pot_n to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o stool_n at_o the_o fire_n side_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n but_o this_o experiment_n have_v likewise_o succeed_v where_o there_o be_v no_o fire_n near_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v that_o the_o effect_v depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n invigorate_n the_o cold._n another_o experiment_n employ_v by_o the_o asserter_n of_o a_o antiperistasis_n be_v that_o if_o a_o pot_n of_o snow_n be_v set_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o a_o vial_n full_a of_o water_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o
colour_n and_o taste_v of_o wine_n in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n canary_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n which_o grow_v no_o thick_a in_o four_o day_n but_o neither_o claret_n or_o canary_n will_v freeze_v in_o tube_n or_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n all_o evaporate_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o brandy_n leave_v about_o a_o spoonful_n of_o ice_n void_a both_o of_o taste_n and_o it_o be_v inflammable_a quality_n but_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n it_o discover_v several_a bubble_n a_o ox_n and_o a_o sheep_n eye_n be_v both_o freeze_v through_o in_o one_o night_n the_o three_o humour_n be_v opacous_a hard_a and_o inseparable_a the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v white_a like_o whiting_n boil_v the_o waterish_a and_o glassy_a humour_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v of_o flake_n of_o ice_n sheep_n blood_n expose_v to_o freeze_v the_o serum_n be_v turn_v to_o ice_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n and_o thaw_v at_o the_o fire_n congeal_v a_o second_o time_n into_o a_o membranous_a substance_n but_o the_o blood_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o freeze_v the_o heart_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la of_o a_o dog_n and_o cat_n expose_v dead_a to_o the_o air_n be_v both_o freeze_v milk_n freeze_v into_o white_a flake_n be_v soft_a and_o with_o few_o bubble_n in_o it_o and_o retain_v the_o proper_a taste_n of_o milk_n the_o yolk_n and_o whites_n of_o egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n they_o thaw_v best_a by_o lie_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n or_o in_o a_o deep_a cellar_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o egg_n though_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v will_v produce_v chickens-egg_n hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o freeze_v will_v acquire_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o inward_a part_n of_o it_o still_o remain_v freeze_v and_o if_o those_o egg_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v poch_v they_o will_v be_v very_o tough_a a_o egg_n and_o a_o apple_n be_v suspend_v two_o foot_n deep_a in_o a_o cistern_n and_o take_v up_o after_o twenty_o four_o hour_n though_o both_o of_o they_o be_v full_a of_o ice_n within_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v contract_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n horse-radish_n and_o onion_n freeze_v yet_o beer_n in_o which_o horseradish_n and_o scurvey-grass_n be_v infuse_v will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o strong_a beer_n without_o they_o orange_n and_o lemon_n freeze_v have_v a_o hard_a and_o tough_a rind_n and_o lose_v their_o genuine_a taste_n and_o when_o thaw_v they_o soon_o become_v rot_v apple_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n will_v have_v a_o thin_a ice_n on_o both_o plain_n which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o a_o knife_n or_o the_o touch_n the_o skin_n of_o these_o apple_n soon_o turn_v brown_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o corrupt_v there_o oil_n expose_v look_v like_o butter_n melt_v and_o coagulate_v again_o but_o in_o cave_n and_o cellar_n it_o will_v never_o appear_v more_o than_o candy_a white_a wine-vinegar_n freeze_v in_o a_o tube_n without_o apparent_a bubble_n whatever_o have_v a_o watery_a humour_n in_o it_o will_v coagulate_v but_o what_o will_v not_o the_o next_o paragraph_n contain_v spirit_n of_o wine_n aq._n mariae_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la &c_n &c_n and_o canary_n in_o large_a vessel_n soap-boilers_a lees_n spirit_n of_o salt_n vitriol_n salt-petre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o sulphur_n and_o spirit_n of_o soot_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o the_o two_o last_o afford_v a_o precipitate_v the_o first_o of_o the_o colour_n and_o taste_v of_o brimstone_n but_o not_o inflammable_a the_o latter_a a_o yellowish_a powder_n more_o bitter_a than_o the_o spirit_n and_o inflammable_a but_o though_o these_o spirit_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o be_v mix_v with_o twelve_o part_n of_o water_n all_o of_o they_o freeze_v except_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nitre_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la i_o be_o tell_v that_o one_o have_v dissolve_v ice_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n find_v it_o salt_n as_o for_o the_o figure_n of_o liquor_n freeze_v alum_n appear_v in_o lump_n salt-petre_n tartar_n milk_n ale_n wine_n and_o salarmoniack_a in_o plate_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o compose_v a_o soft_a ice_n seened_a to_o be_v compose_v of_o globuli_fw-la adhere_v to_o each_o other_o water_n kelp_n and_o frit_n resemble_v the_o fibre_n of_o a_o oaken_a leaf_n the_o interstice_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o smooth_a ice_n and_o the_o middle_a fibres_fw-fr as_o in_o plant_n appear_v large_a than_o the_o other_o and_o make_v acute_a angle_n at_o the_o lesser_a end_n of_o the_o leaf_n but_o as_o for_o the_o figure_n of_o freeze_a urine_n those_o have_v be_v accurate_o describe_v by_o the_o curious_a mr._n hook_n i_o shall_v pass_v that_o part_n of_o my_o task_n by_o i_o take_v the_o salt_n of_o rosemary_n rue_n scurvey-grass_n mint_n and_o plantain_n and_o put_v ½_n or_o ¾_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o each_o into_o ½_n of_o a_o pint_n of_o their_o distil_a water_n the_o rue_n and_o plantain_n be_v seal_v up_o none_o of_o they_o freeze_v resemble_v the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o the_o aromatic_a water_n be_v much_o enrich_v in_o their_o scent_n especial_o the_o rosemary_n kelp_n freeze_v represent_v the_o leaf_n of_o alga_n marina_n a_o recipient_a full_a of_o water_n be_v freeze_v and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ice_n break_v there_o appear_v a_o cavity_n within_o which_o be_v thick_o set_v with_o plate_n of_o ice_n from_o which_o stiriae_fw-la appear_v on_o each_o side_n like_o the_o tooth_n of_o comb_n some_o of_o which_o stand_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o i_o can_v put_v my_o finger_n betwixt_o they_o a_o flask_n full_a of_o water_n be_v freeze_v it_o appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n like_o tailed_a hailshot_n the_o sharp_a point_n of_o all_o of_o they_o point_v upward_o they_o have_v cavity_n which_o will_v admit_v a_o pin_n into_o they_o and_o may_v be_v discern_v in_o the_o ice_n appear_v like_o black_a spot_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v contain_v a_o cavity_n fill_v with_o water_n in_o which_o be_v several_a of_o these_o bubble_n imperfect_o form_v all_o the_o liquor_n i_o make_v experiment_n with_o do_v sensible_o rise_v above_o the_o mark_n before_o they_o freeze_v and_o more_o after_o congelation_n vinegar_n and_o urine_n rise_v ½_n a_o inch_n and_o lees_n make_v of_o salt_n of_o rosemary_n kelp_n and_o frit_n about_o ½_n of_o a_o inch._n solution_n of_o alum_n and_o copperas_n less_o and_o saline_n liquor_n in_o general_n less_o than_o water_n which_o rise_v a_o full_a inch_n and_o small_a beer_n in_o a_o narrow_a tube_n four_o inch_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n alone_o subside_v below_o the_o mark_n hot_a water_n subside_v till_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o then_o rise_v again_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o beer-glass_n rise_v up_o and_o form_n solid_a triangle_n but_o the_o rise_n of_o it_o be_v more_o visible_a in_o narrow_a glass_n ice_n in_o a_o flask_n rise_v four_o inch_n above_o the_o water-mark_a and_o hang_v two_o inch_n out_o of_o it_o but_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n it_o rise_v five_o inch_n above_o the_o water-mark_a if_o glass_n be_v fill_v about_o ⅔_n full_a they_o seldom_o break_v round_o spherical_a glass_n usual_o break_v uniform_o a_o bolt-head_n be_v fill_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n with_o water_n the_o top_n which_o be_v twelve_o inch_n above_o it_o be_v seal_v up_o upon_o which_o the_o water_n be_v freeze_v be_v raise_v three_o inch_n into_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o glass_n break_v in_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o that_o point_n several_a line_n run_v as_o from_o a_o pole_n to_o the_o meridian_n but_o none_o of_o they_o go_v round_o the_o glass_n nor_o be_v they_o all_o of_o the_o same_o length_n in_o a_o flask_n crack_v in_o many_o place_n the_o crack_n be_v irregular_a glass_n bottle_n and_o stone-jug_n keep_v little_a order_n in_o break_v and_o metal_n none_o at_o all_o but_o wood_n cleave_v with_o the_o grain_n two_o oval_a box_n one_o of_o box_n and_o another_o of_o maple_n contain_v each_o two_o ounce_n be_v fill_v full_a and_o by_o the_o frost_n in_o one_o night_n be_v crack_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n a_o pepper-box_n of_o latin_a have_v its_o neck_n break_v off_o and_o the_o joint_n at_o the_o bottom_n loosen_a lead-pipe_n above_o ground_n be_v break_v in_o many_o place_n and_o some_o that_o lay_v a_o foot_n under_o ground_n brass-lock_n and_o barrel_n of_o pump_n usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n a_o copper-box_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pear_n be_v crack_v the_o four_o time_n it_o be_v freeze_v the_o cylinder_n of_o a_o silver_n ink-horn_n bear_v the_o frost_n but_o a_o silverball_a be_v considerable_o extend_v by_o the_o frost_n tobacco-pipe_n and_o earthen_a ware_n be_v burst_v with_o the_o
frost_n and_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o stone-building_n scale_v upon_o a_o thaw_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o north_n side_n of_o building_n first_o decay_n alabaster_n and_o marble_n that_o have_v chink_n in_o they_o usual_o break_v with_o the_o frost_n but_o solid_a marble_n do_v not_o nor_o do_v frost_n affect_v those_o stone_n or_o bituman_n which_o will_v bear_v a_o polish_v ice_n lay_v on_o a_o table_n and_o have_v salt_n strew_v upon_o it_o it_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v without_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o salt_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o ice_n down_o to_o the_o board_n but_o if_o salt_n be_v strew_v betwixt_o the_o ice_n and_o the_o board_n it_o will_v not_o be_v freeze_v to_o it_o but_o thaw_v the_o follow_a salt_n cause_v not_o so_o firm_a a_o adhesion_n as_o common_a salt_n viz._n kelp_n sandever_n sal_fw-la indus_n gem_n prunel_n armon_n and_o pot-ash_n a_o nail_n hold_v betwixt_o my_o lip_n can_v not_o be_v remove_v without_o difficulty_n and_o pain_n a_o tincture_n of_o cochineel_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o another_o with_o a_o little_a sea-salt_n water_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o retain_v a_o equal_a colour_n in_o all_o part_n and_o so_o do_v a_o tincture_n of_o mades-weed_n and_o indigo_n a_o decoction_n of_o soot_n be_v freeze_v without_o any_o concentration_n yet_o mr._n hook_n a_o worthy_a fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v observe_v the_o contrary_a effect_n egg_n and_o apples-froze_a differ_v not_o in_o weight_n nor_o do_v body_n weigh_v in_o seal_a glass_n frost_n render_v wood_n iron_n steel_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o animal_n more_o friable_a in_o frosty_a wether_n especial_o in_o those_o that_o be_v taint_v with_o the_o lues_fw-la venerea_fw-la frost_n preserve_v body_n from_o putrefaction_n and_o confirm_v the_o tone_n of_o animal_n and_o fatten_v some_o it_o clear_v the_o air_n so_o that_o musty_a stone-bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o freeze_v after_o a_o thaw_v be_v very_o sweet_a it_o likewise_o destroy_v animal_n and_o vegetable_n so_o that_o in_o greenland_n nothing_o but_o glass_n grow_v as_o also_o in_o nova_n zembla_n ice_n the_o quality_n of_o ice_n as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v slippery_a smooth_a hard_a firm_a and_o strong_a diaphanous_a interpose_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n appear_v in_o many_o round_a circle_n from_o whence_o proceed_v ray_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o star_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n i_o have_v see_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o thames_n eight_o inch_n thick_a and_o in_o garden-walks_a the_o earth_n freeze_v near_o two_o foot_n thick_a but_o in_o rich_a soil_n it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v above_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o quarter_n ice_n general_o swim_v but_o i_o have_v see_v snowball_n compress_v and_o moisten_v with_o water_n sink_v congeal_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n sink_v ice_n be_v cold_a than_o water_n and_o that_o quality_n be_v increase_v by_o add_v salt_n or_o snow_n it_o have_v no_o smell_n but_o check_v that_o quality_n in_o other_o body_n it_o yield_v both_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o high_a part_n of_o mountain_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n promote_v freeze_v water_n fall_v upon_o ice_n or_o snow_n freeze_v and_o a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n with_o sea-salt_n kelp_n alum_n vitriol_n or_o nitre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v promote_v freeze_v and_o if_o water_n be_v set_v upon_o such_o mixture_n it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n salt_n petre_n dissolve_v in_o water_n and_o agitate_a in_o a_o cold_a season_n turn_v not_o the_o water_n into_o ice_n a_o bolt-head_n be_v place_v in_o snow_n in_o a_o pan_n though_o the_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o the_o fire_n and_o thaw_v gradual_o yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bolt-head_n freeze_v not_o water_n freeze_v in_o pan_n be_v set_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n in_o a_o cellar_n and_o likewise_o on_o sand_n and_o on_o the_o earthen_a floor_n they_o thaw_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o so_o do_v egg_n and_o apple_n a_o syphon_n may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n through_o which_o water_n will_v run_v very_o fast_o another_o use_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o ice_n be_v for_o refraction_n of_o which_o mr._n hook_n have_v give_v a_o learned_a demonstration_n have_v form_v ice_n into_o various_a figure_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o same_o as_o those_o mention_v by_o dioptrick_n writer_n we_o may_v likewise_o make_v a_o speculum_fw-la of_o it_o by_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n behind_o it_o the_o learned_a bartholinus_n deliver_v the_o follow_a proposition_n of_o it_o 1._o that_o the_o more_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n gain_v a_o clear_a splendour_n and_o elegancy_n from_o snow_n place_v about_o they_o 2._o the_o ray_n of_o snow_n new_o fall_v glitter_v and_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o globuli_fw-la by_o which_o they_o be_v reflect_v 3._o a_o cabbage_n putrify_v in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v above_o the_o snow_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v great_a housleek_n or_o american_n aloe_n destroy_v by_o cold_a in_o a_o upper_a room_n and_o sea-onion_n as_o well_o as_o common_a onion_n will_v be_v putrify_v by_o the_o cold._n 4._o snow_n yield_v vapour_n plentiful_o when_o melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n 5._o it_o melt_v and_o fall_v off_o from_o ivy._n 6._o it_o contain_v a_o little_a earth_n in_o it_o which_o i_o have_v find_v true_a by_o evaporation_n 7._o viscosity_n with_o softness_n be_v great_a in_o new_a than_o old_a snow_n 8._o watercress_n and_o scurvygrass_n will_v grow_v under_o snow_n in_o garden_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o be_v at_o a_o perfect_a stand_n the_o nutritious_a juice_n be_v congeal_v 9_o air_n be_v include_v in_o snow_n whites_n of_o egg_n be_v beat_v into_o a_o frothy_a consistence_n and_o this_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o trencher_n soon_o appear_v to_o be_v snow_n a_o pail_n be_v fill_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o hair_n moss_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o rosemary_n hang_v over_o it_o the_o rise_a vapour_n stick_v to_o they_o form_v a_o hoar-frost_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v on_o the_o beard_n of_o man_n and_o the_o hair_n of_o other_o animal_n 10._o snow_n abound_v with_o fat_n 11._o snow_n with_o ice_n swim_v on_o water_n 12._o snow-water_n boil_v meat_n soon_o and_o make_v flesh_n white_a i_o can_v not_o find_v that_o this_o bold_v in_o fish_n or_o flesh_n 13._o snow_n new_o fall_v have_v no_o taste_n but_o when_o it_o have_v lie_v on_o the_o ground_n it_o bite_v the_o tongue_n this_o i_o can_v not_o discern_v 14._o worm_n be_v sometime_o find_v in_o snow_n i_o can_v never_o observe_v this_o 15._o a_o strong_a salt_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o snow_n by_o a_o peculiar_a art_n 16._o after_o much_o snow_n plenty_n of_o nut_n it_o sometime_o fail_v the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n distil_v a_o spirit_n from_o wine_n only_o by_o put_v snow_n upon_o the_o alembick_a and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n have_v a_o powder_n which_o will_v freeze_v water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n weather-glass_n be_v frame_v after_o the_o italian_a mode_n and_o in_o part_n fill_v with_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o place_v one_o of_o they_o in_o a_o northwest_n window_n and_o the_o other_o in_o mr._n pullyn_n warehouse_n under_o st._n paul_n church_n in_o the_o warm_a place_n the_o spirit_n of_o both_o when_o they_o be_v settle_v on_o the_o fifteen_o of_o octob._n 62._o have_v the_o altitude_n of_o three_o inch_n and_o when_o that_o in_o my_o study-window_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n that_o in_o the_o cellar_n receive_v no_o manifest_a alteration_n but_o when_o the_o other_o be_v depress_v two_o inch_n it_o subsided_a ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v the_o low_a station_n it_o subside_v to_o all_o winter_n and_o in_o april_n follow_v it_o rise_v not_o above_o the_o three_o inch_n it_o first_o stand_v at_o above_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n though_o that_o in_o my_o study_n be_v raise_v four_o inch_n ¼_n in_o this_o cellar_n liquor_n that_o be_v freeze_v above_o ground_n will_v be_v thaw_v in_o the_o morning_n the_o spirit_n in_o the_o glass_n above_o ground_n subside_v into_o the_o ball_n after_o two_o day_n hard_a frost_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cellar_n be_v not_o hot_a in_o winter_n than_o summer_n one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o tinged_a spirit_n have_v lose_v its_o colour_n in_o the_o cellar_n in_o january_n a_o pint-bottle_n of_o claret_n a_o glass-cane_n fill_v with_o canary_n a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la gem._n train-oyl_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o fructus_fw-la musae_fw-la in_o a_o night_n time_n be_v all_o freeze_v except_o the_o shall_v gem_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o
chrystallized_a salt_n appear_v the_o oil_n of_o the_o fruit_n become_v very_o friable_a and_o of_o a_o milky-white_a colour_n but_o the_o train_n oil_n only_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o become_v of_o the_o consistence_n of_o soft_a grease_n and_o the_o same_o night_n a_o bottle_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o another_o of_o strong_a white-wine_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n freeze_v the_o ice_n taste_v weak_a than_o the_o wine_n but_o the_o wine_n be_v several_a time_n freeze_v and_o thaw_v again_o neither_o lose_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o colour_n taste_v or_o strength_n mr._n hook_v show_v i_o a_o oval_a glass_n which_o have_v at_o one_o end_v a_o narrow_a cane_n a_o inch_n long_o in_o which_o water_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v colourless_a but_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o deep_a tincture_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o like_a in_o flask_n contain_v the_o same_o tincture_n freeze_v flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o apple_n be_v hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o it_o be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o mortar_n and_o plaster_n of_o paris_n will_v freeze_v i_o have_v see_v ice_n three_o yard_n thick_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o thames_n the_o water_n which_o flow_v successive_o over_o the_o ice_n be_v freeze_v and_o gradual_o thickening_a it_o and_o i_o have_v freeze_v a_o whole_a flask_n full_a of_o water_n by_o gradual_o pour_v it_o into_o a_o pan_n which_o confirm_v what_o olearius_n say_v of_o make_v huge_a heap_n of_o ice_n to_o preserve_v body_n though_o my_o lord_n verulam_n tell_v we_o that_o egg_n and_o apple_n cover_v with_o a_o wet_a cloth_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o oil_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_a oil_n by_o expression_n subside_o syrup_n freeze_v not_o cold_n affect_v not_o lodestone_n sensible_o in_o their_o operation_n have_v expose_v distil_v water_n of_o plantain_n poppy_n black_a cherry_n nightshade_n scurvygrass_n and_o horseradish_n to_o the_o cold_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o standard_n for_o weather-glass_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o black-cherry-water_n be_v freeze_v first_o and_o the_o horseradish_n and_o scurvygrass_n water_n last_o the_o best_a way_n to_o discover_v when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v first_o be_v by_o draw_v a_o pin_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o those_o liquor_n chap._n ix_o a_o new_a frigorifick_a experiment_n show_v how_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v sudden_o produce_v without_o the_o help_n of_o snow_n ice_n hail_o wind_n or_o nitre_n any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n comunicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o july_n 18._o 1666._o water_n cold_a produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o sal-armon_a and_o water_n if_o a_o pound_n of_o powder_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v mix_v gradual_o with_o three_o pint_n of_o water_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v stir_v with_o a_o stick_n or_o a_o whale-bone_n whilst_o the_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v it_o will_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n but_o if_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o silver_n tankard_n the_o outside_n of_o it_o will_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o multitude_n of_o little_a drop_n of_o condense_a vapour_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n reach_v and_o if_o some_o of_o it_o be_v quite_o wipe_v off_o before_o the_o mixture_n have_v lose_v its_o virtue_n it_o will_v again_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o dew_n and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n will_v present_o descend_v low_a than_o it_o do_v in_o common_a water_n and_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o it_o into_o the_o air_n again_o or_o common_a water_n the_o spirit_n will_v manifest_o ascend_v and_o this_o coldness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o last_a as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o its_o coldness_n and_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o water_n be_v great_a or_o less_o or_o as_o it_o vary_v in_o goodness_n or_o as_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o in_o grosser_n powder_n and_o more_o leisurely_o and_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a may_v easy_o be_v discover_v by_o frequent_o immerge_v and_o remove_v a_o weatherglass_n out_o of_o it_o into_o water_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a into_o it_o again_o whether_o shall_v ammoniac_a mix_v with_o sand_n or_o earth_n will_v cool_v drink_v better_o than_o without_o when_o the_o mixture_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o water_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o aforementioned_a mixture_n cool_a liquor_n convenient_o enough_o after_o midsummer_n march_n 27._o a_o seal_a weatherglass_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o spirit_n that_o rest_v at_o 8_o 1_o â—_o inch_n descend_v to_o 7_o â—_o 8_o and_o then_o the_o sal-armon_a be_v put_v in_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n it_o descend_v to_o 2_o 1_o â—_o â…™_n inch_n and_o before_o that_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o condense_a the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o when_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v cold_a water_n place_v thin_a on_o the_o outside_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o minute_n about_o 3_o â—_o of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o salt_n be_v put_v in_o the_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o water_n into_o it_o subside_v a_o inch_n below_o the_o freeze_a mark._n at_o 2_o ½_n hour_n after_o the_o first_o solution_n it_o be_v at_o 5_o ½_n inches_n or_o 4_o ¾_n which_o mark_v the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o in_o hard_a and_o last_a frost_n in_o the_o winter_n three_o hour_n after_o the_o first_o dissolution_n the_o liquor_n stand_v at_o the_o uppermost_a freeze_a mark._n in_o try_v of_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o water_n be_v shed_v it_o freeze_v the_o cucurbite_n to_o the_o table_n it_o stand_v on_o in_o another_o experiment_n before_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v put_v in_o it_o stand_v at_o 8_o â…›_n but_o when_o immerse_v in_o water_n it_o sink_v to_o 7_o â…_n or_o 6_o 8_o in_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o subside_v to_o 7_o ¾_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n below_o 5_o and_o consequent_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o low_a freeze_a mark._n salt_n which_o once_o have_v be_v dissolve_v may_v by_o be_v crystallize_v in_o a_o iron_n vessel_n be_v fit_a for_o use_v again_o so_o march_v 29._o the_o thermoscope_n which_o in_o the_o air_n stand_v at_o 8_o â…ž_n in_o water_n subside_v to_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v of_o salt_n twice_o use_v before_o it_o subside_v to_o 4_o inch_n but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o fresh_a water_n it_o rise_v gradual_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o positive_a and_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold._n answer_v argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o its_o positive_a nature_n answer_v before_o i_o proceed_v to_o enumerate_v what_o argument_n may_v be_v allege_v either_o for_o the_o positive_a or_o privative_a nature_n of_o cold_a i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o word_n cold_a may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o effect_n such_o body_n have_v upon_o the_o sensory_a or_o upon_o other_o body_n if_o in_o the_o latter_a then_o in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v say_v to_o warm_v the_o air_n because_o it_o enable_v it_o to_o melt_v the_o snow_n and_o thaw_v ice_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a warm_a water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v much_o hot_a argument_n the_o first_o argument_n but_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o positive_a nature_n of_o cold_a the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v the_o considerable_a effect_n it_o have_v both_o upon_o the_o sensory_a and_o other_o body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v sum_n our_o argument_n up_o in_o the_o word_n of_o gassendus_fw-la two_o sunt_fw-la frigoris_fw-la effectus_fw-la quales_fw-la habere_fw-la privatio_fw-la quae_fw-la actionis_fw-la est_fw-la incapax_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o heat_n and_o cold_a depend_v only_o on_o a_o great_a or_o less_o degree_n of_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n than_o those_o about_o our_o sensory_a and_o all_o perception_n be_v carry_v to_o and_o distinguish_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v various_a as_o that_o motion_n be_v different_a and_o it_o be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o when_o one_o body_n communicate_v motion_n to_o another_o it_o lose_v of_o its_o own_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o i_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o ice_n into_o my_o hand_n and_o it_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o motion_n communicate_v to_o its_o part_n the_o motion_n which_o the_o humour_n in_o my_o hand_n lose_v by_o put_v
not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v it_o fluid_a fly_v away_o and_o evaporates_n for_o be_v put_v into_o water_n the_o spirit_n leave_v the_o camphire_n and_o be_v imbibe_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n it_o become_v a_o consistent_a mass_n again_o which_o that_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o will_v happen_v on_o warm_a water_n but_o though_o cold_a shall_v depend_v primary_o on_o the_o influence_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n yet_o since_o those_o by_o act_v on_o the_o body_n cool_v may_v produce_v their_o effect_n by_o expel_v calorifick_a atom_n the_o privation_n of_o those_o calorifick_a atom_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o freeze_a so_o though_o a_o bullet_n kill_v a_o man_n yet_o the_o issue_n be_v a_o privation_n of_o life_n and_o when_o a_o room_n be_v darken_v by_o extinguish_v the_o light_n the_o darkness_n depend_v on_o the_o privation_n of_o light_n six_o a_o six_o the_o last_o argument_n of_o gassendus_fw-la be_v this_o tametsi_fw-la multa_fw-la videantur_fw-la ex_fw-la sola_fw-la caloris_fw-la absentia_fw-la frigescere_fw-la nibil_n ominous_a nisi_fw-la frigus_fw-la extrinsicus_fw-la inducatur_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la profectô_o frigescere_fw-la quam_fw-la decalescere_fw-la sunt_fw-la censenda_fw-la esto_fw-la enim_fw-la lapis_fw-la lignum_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la calidum_fw-la nec_fw-la frigidum_fw-la sit_fw-la id_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la igni_fw-la calefiet_v sane_fw-la at_o cum_fw-la deinceps_fw-la calor_fw-la excedet_fw-la neque_fw-la frigidum_fw-la ullum_fw-la circumstabit_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la cur_n dicas_fw-la ipsum_fw-la frigefieri_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la minus_fw-la calidum_fw-la fieri_fw-la rediere_fw-la in_o suum_fw-la statum_fw-la but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o coldness_n with_o respect_n to_o sense_n i_o see_v not_o why_o any_o body_n that_o grow_v hot_a by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n may_v not_o be_v say_v to_o grow_v cold_a rather_o than_o decalescere_fw-la since_o heat_n be_v only_o too_o brisk_a a_o agitation_n for_o our_o sensory_a when_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o cause_n and_o a_o decline_a of_o that_o motion_n it_o become_v less_o agitate_a than_o the_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a we_o may_v not_o then_o say_v it_o grow_v cold_o and_o cold_o till_o it_o become_v ice_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o i_o have_v offer_v these_o argument_n against_o gassendus_fw-la yet_o i_o shall_v wave_v determine_v the_o controversy_n till_o further_o satisfy_v in_o some_o speculation_n and_o in_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o some_o particular_a experiment_n beside_o i_o will_v first_o know_v from_o those_o that_o will_v have_v cold_a to_o be_v a_o positive_a quality_n whether_o and_o on_o what_o account_n those_o little_a fragment_n of_o matter_n be_v cold_a whether_o their_o frigorifick_a atom_n have_v weight_n as_o also_o what_o be_v their_o texture_n and_o whether_o that_o quality_n may_v be_v destroy_v and_o whether_o they_o be_v primitive_a body_n or_o not_o and_o why_o coldness_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o two_o warm_a body_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o solve_v of_o some_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o inquire_v how_o water_n come_v by_o its_o expansive_a force_n upon_o congelation_n and_o since_o cold_a be_v a_o privation_n of_o motion_n why_o upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o certain_a body_n cold_a ensue_v though_o their_o part_n be_v thereby_o put_v into_o motion_n chap._n xi_o two_o problem_n about_o cold._a a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o great_a expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n of_o the_o production_n of_o cold_a by_o the_o conflict_n of_o body_n appear_v to_o make_v a_o ebullition_n problem_n the_o first_o problem_n the_o first_o problem_n i_o shall_v propose_v be_v how_o upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o or_o three_o body_n there_o shall_v ensue_v a_o great_a and_o tumultuary_a agitation_n of_o small_a part_n and_o yet_o even_o during_o this_o conflict_n not_o any_o sensible_a heat_n but_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a be_v produce_v concern_v which_o i_o shall_v only_o propose_v the_o question_n whether_o local_a motion_n be_v not_o generical_a and_o whether_o the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o part_n various_o move_v may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o heat_n and_o when_o various_o modify_v a_o sense_n of_o cold_a or_o whether_o the_o sense_n of_o cold_a depend_v not_o on_o some_o frigorifick_a atom_n which_o be_v let_v lose_v in_o the_o ebullition_n and_o affect_v the_o sensory_a which_o will_v otherwise_o perceive_v a_o hot_a sensation_n by_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o part_n with_o which_o cold_a aom_n be_v mix_v and_o which_o they_o overpower_v problem_n the_o second_o problem_n the_o second_o problem_n be_v whence_o the_o vast_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n proceed_v for_o 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consider_v that_o water_n when_o expanded_a be_v full_a of_o bubble_n i_o be_v apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_n and_o that_o a_o constipation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n may_v give_v they_o a_o springiness_n freeze_v the_o great_a expansive_a force_n of_o water_n freeze_v to_o try_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o freeze_a water_n we_o convey_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o water_n into_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n and_o fit_v a_o plugg_n to_o it_o upon_o that_o we_o place_v a_o flat_a board_n to_o hold_v weight_n on_o and_o then_o the_o cylinder_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n upon_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o water_n in_o one_o experiment_n the_o plugg_n raise_v 115_o pound_n weight_n and_o in_o another_o 100_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o in_o a_o three_o 254_o pound_n weight_n three_o saline_a body_n each_o purify_v by_o the_o fire_n be_v mix_v together_o cold._n of_o the_o production_n of_o cold._n produce_v a_o cold_a effervescense_n with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o a_o considerable_a intumescense_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o glass_n which_o contain_v it_o will_v grow_v cold_a than_o before_o and_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n which_o will_v reach_v as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n but_o on_o the_o concave_a bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o be_v no_o dew_n that_o be_v not_o sufficient_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n so_o that_o the_o mixture_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o sweat_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n since_o it_o taste_v not_o in_o the_o least_o of_o saline_a ingredient_n but_o lest_o our_o sense_n shall_v misinform_v we_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o this_o mixture_n we_o at_o another_o time_n immerse_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n subside_v above_o four_o inch_n low_a than_o in_o common_a water_n though_o the_o acid_n liquor_n itself_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n in_o a_o room_n with_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o it_o which_o appear_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n immerse_v
penetrate_v the_o minute_a pore_n and_o to_o dissolve_v the_o lime_n experiment_n v._n quicklime_n be_v immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o retort_n and_o the_o spirit_n and_o phlegm_n draw_v off_o the_o remain_a quicklime_n instead_o of_o be_v slack_v be_v a_o more_o fiery_a substance_n than_o before_o for_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v into_o water_n it_o will_v hiss_v like_o a_o coal_n and_o heat_v the_o liquor_n which_o property_n it_o retain_v several_a week_n be_v keep_v close_o from_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o quicklime_n and_o the_o association_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n improve_n that_o texture_n contribute_v to_o the_o phaenomena_n offord_v by_o quicklime_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v associate_v with_o the_o quicklime_n be_v probable_a since_o part_v of_o it_o become_v a_o spiritless_a phlegm_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v quicklime_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n sometime_o to_o come_v over_o in_o white_a fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o such_o distillation_n the_o odour_n of_o the_o spirit_n have_v not_o only_o be_v change_v but_o its_o taste_n render_v more_o fiery_a and_o brisk_a but_o the_o success_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o be_v diversify_v according_a to_o difference_n of_o the_o quicklime_n which_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o calcine_v or_o the_o stone_n may_v be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n itself_o experiment_n vi._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o experiment_n which_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v mechanical_o a_o nail_n hasty_o hammer_v grow_v hot_a the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v by_o that_o force_n vehement_o and_o various_o determine_v though_o the_o hammer_n and_o anvil_n be_v not_o warm_a so_o that_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a a_o calorifick_a body_n shall_v be_v hot_a itself_o the_o hammer_n be_v able_a though_o cold_a to_o warm_v the_o iron_n it_o beat_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o head_n of_o a_o nail_n grow_v hot_a when_o it_o can_v pierce_v no_o deep_o into_o wood_n the_o force_n of_o the_o beat_a hammer_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o depress_v the_o nail_n but_o put_v the_o resist_a part_n into_o agitation_n experiment_n vii_o and_o once_o i_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v beat_v by_o three_o smith_n till_o it_o grow_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o kindle_v sulphur_n upon_o it_o experiment_n viii_o and_o that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o percussion_n and_o attrition_n appear_v further_a since_o iron_n grow_v hot_a by_o be_v boil_v a_o knife_n by_o whet_v a_o brass_n nail_n by_o be_v rub_v and_o flint_n by_o be_v strike_v together_o experiment_n ix_o to_o show_v that_o heat_n may_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o attrition_n of_o contiguous_a air_n i_o place_v pitch_n under_o water_n and_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n cast_v into_o a_o focus_n by_o a_o burn_a glass_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v not_o only_o melt_v but_o seem_v to_o boil_v and_o smoke_n experiment_n x._o the_o powder_n of_o slack_v quicklime_n wash_v from_o its_o salt_n be_v mix_v with_o salarmoniack_a and_o melt_v together_o the_o cold_a mass_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n grow_v too_o hot_a to_o be_v touch_v with_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o salarmoniack_a itself_o in_o water_n produce_v cold._n experiment_n xi_o salarmoniack_a and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v sublime_v together_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n remain_v instead_o of_o increase_v the_o coldness_n of_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o it_o several_a month_n after_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v first_o lay_v up_o give_v the_o water_n a_o notable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xii_o equal_a part_n of_o antimony_n and_o salarmoniack_a be_v sublime_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o a_o glass-vessel_n we_o obtain_v three_o several_a substance_n which_o be_v several_o powder_v the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n which_o be_v like_o antimony_n be_v put_v into_o water_n in_o which_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v immerse_v scarce_o raise_v the_o liquor_n sensible_o but_o the_o yellow_a sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o sulphureous_a flower_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o more_o volatile_a salt_n of_o the_o salarmoniack_a cause_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o another_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o descend_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o the_o low_a sublimate_n which_o be_v black_a be_v put_v into_o a_o three_o parcel_n of_o water_n the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v near_o three_o inch_n but_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o minium_n and_o salarmoniack_a it_o neither_o cause_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n to_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o the_o sublimate_n raise_v from_o these_o ingredient_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o subside_o a_o little_a experiment_n xiii_o whether_o solvent_n dissolve_v mineral_n and_o cause_n that_o heat_v observable_a in_o their_o action_n by_o any_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o mineral_n and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o rather_o proceed_v from_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n either_o dissolve_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o its_o part_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n or_o by_o obstruct_v the_o passage_n of_o some_o aethereal_a matter_n through_o those_o pore_n which_o want_v its_o usual_a course_n dissolve_v the_o metal_n by_o force_v a_o new_a way_n i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o have_v agitate_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n with_o four_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n thereby_o it_o obtain_v a_o sensible_a heat_n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o heat_v produce_v by_o mineral_n depend_v not_o on_o a_o conflict_n of_o acid_n and_o alkaly_n since_o water_n be_v void_a of_o either_o of_o those_o chemical_a quality_n experiment_n fourteen_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o wet_a ice_n be_v throw_v into_o a_o viol_n which_o before_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o oil_n mix_v with_o the_o water_n dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o a_o violent_a heat_n experiment_n xv._o half_n a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o ounce_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n present_o and_o almost_o most_o fill_v the_o bottle_n with_o fume_n and_o the_o bottle_n grow_v so_o hot_a at_o the_o last_o that_o i_o can_v not_o hold_v it_o in_o my_o hand_n the_o like_a succeed_v only_o in_o a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n with_o common_a brandy_n and_o also_o with_o aqua_fw-la vitæ_fw-la experiment_n xvi_o though_o the_o chemist_n teach_v that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o antipathy_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o intense_a heat_v ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n viz._n calcine_v colcothar_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n experiment_n xvii_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n mix_v together_o produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n experiment_n xviii_o a_o ounce_n of_o rectify_v petroleum_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o former_a liquor_n seem_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o this_o like_o a_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o metal_n the_o fume_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n rise_v into_o the_o ol._n petrae_fw-la and_o the_o mutual_a re-action_n of_o both_o the_o liquor_n cause_v a_o moderate_a warmness_n and_o we_o have_v almost_o the_o like_a success_n with_o petroleum_n and_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n but_o in_o these_o last_o mention_v trial_n spirit_n of_o salt_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v no_o such_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n xix_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a effervescence_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v soak_v in_o water_n and_o it_o will_v grow_v sensible_o hot_a with_o lime_n oyster-shell_n chalk_n lapis_n calaminaris_n etc._n etc._n experiment_n xx._n oil_n of_o vitriol_n grow_v hot_a with_o cherry_n and_o likewise_o with_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n beat_v in_o a_o mortar_n as_o well_o as_o with_o several_a other_o vegetable_a substance_n and_o very_o considerable_o with_o crumb_n of_o white_a bread_n experiment_n xxi_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n cause_v a_o considerable_a heat_n if_o mix_v with_o mince_a flesh_n experiment_n xxii_o though_o sea-salt_n impart_v a_o coldness_n to_o water_n yet_o with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o cause_v heat_n yet_o with_o sal_fw-la armon_n part_n of_o which_o consist_v of_o common_a salt_n it_o produce_v a_o coldness_n experiment_n xxiii_o common_a sulphur_n acquire_v a_o heat_n by_o attritition_n and_o emit_v sulphureous_a steam_n copious_o so_o that_o sulphur_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n owe_v its_o heat_n to_o local_a motion_n experiment_n xxiv_o equal_a part_n
convenient_a for_o the_o more_o commodious_a discern_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o this_o experiment_n to_o try_v it_o in_o a_o dark_a place_n and_o fourthly_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o sulphur_n frequent_o so_o obscure_v the_o glass_n with_o its_o fume_n which_o partly_o stick_v to_o it_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discern_v what_o happen_v within_o the_o glass_n five_o it_o be_v requisite_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n shall_v be_v considerable_a that_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n may_v be_v more_o last_v the_o flame_a of_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o not_o the_o force_n of_o its_o own_o flame_n experiment_n iii_o a_o very_a volatile_a and_o saline_a pierce_a liquor_n be_v drop_v upon_o file_n of_o steel_n the_o mixture_n grow_v hot_a and_o emit_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o very_o fetid_v steam_n which_o will_v kindle_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n and_o continue_v to_o burn_v a_o good_a while_n where_o we_o convey_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n of_o air_n it_o flame_v brisk_a than_o before_o and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o but_o after_o it_o go_v out_o it_o will_v not_o be_v kindle_v again_o though_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o upon_o it_o experiment_n iu._n spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o mineral_n which_o tinge_v its_o flame_n i_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o a_o small_a glass-lamp_n with_o a_o slender_a wick_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o half_a a_o minute_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o flame_n be_v extinguish_v but_o let_v air_n in_o and_o out_o as_o occasion_v require_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v the_o turn-key_n be_v successive_o draw_v almost_o out_o the_o flame_n last_v a_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o sometime_o long_o the_o turn-key_n be_v take_v out_o in_o the_o beginning_n it_o last_v two_o minute_n or_o better_o a_o pipe_n be_v bed_v in_o the_o cement_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o have_v at_o each_o end_n a_o open_a orifice_n almost_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o that_o which_o the_o turn-key_n usual_o fill_v the_o flame_n burn_v very_o well_o and_o will_v have_v continue_v long_o than_o it_o do_v if_o we_o will_v have_v permit_v it_o the_o orifice_n at_o the_o top_n be_v stop_v the_o low_a be_v leave_v open_a yet_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o it_o be_v present_o refresh_v again_o yet_o in_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v experiment_n v._n water_n flame_n preserve_v under_o water_n though_o it_o be_v teach_v that_o naptha_n and_o camphire_n will_v burn_v under_o water_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o they_o will_v but_o three_o ounce_n of_o gunpowder_n a_o drachm_n of_o well_o burn_a charcoal_n good_a sulphur_n half_a a_o drachm_n of_o choice_n salt-petre_n near_o a_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v all_o powder_a and_o mix_v together_o a_o quill_n or_o a_o tobacco-pipe_n stop_v at_o one_o end_n be_v fill_v with_o this_o mixture_n and_o kindle_v in_o the_o air_n will_v burn_v till_o it_o be_v whole_o consume_v under_o water_n the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n keep_v the_o water_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o it_o at_o the_o open_a end_n in_o which_o experiment_n flame_n seem_v to_o be_v continue_v without_o air_n there_o be_v no_o air_n to_o preserve_v it_o under_o water_n but_o what_o may_v be_v lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n except_o some_o moist_a particle_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o nitre_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o preserve_v flame_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v rarify_v and_o form_n air_n for_o a_o time_n as_o the_o rarefy_v exhalation_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o be_v not_o true_a and_o permanent_a air_n but_o present_o return_v to_o water_n again_o experiment_n vi._n vacuo_fw-la of_o the_o flame_a of_o a_o metal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v place_v the_o piece_n of_o iron_n so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o receiver_n we_o design_v to_o let_v a_o parcel_n of_o sulphur_n fall_v upon_o it_o but_o when_o we_o go_v to_o drop_v the_o sulphur_n down_o by_o accident_n it_o fall_v on_o one_o side_n the_o iron_n and_o whilst_o we_o be_v consider_v what_o to_o do_v we_o discern_v a_o a_o blue_a flame_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o continue_v much_o long_o than_o that_o of_o ordinary_a sulphur_n and_o when_o we_o open_v the_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v afford_v by_o a_o metalline_a substance_n which_o lie_v melt_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v a_o composition_n of_o lead_n and_o tin_n but_o though_o these_o metal_n mix_v so_o open_v the_o body_n of_o each_o other_o as_o to_o yield_v a_o sulphureous_a fuel_n for_o flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n they_o will_v not_o the_o iii_o title_n of_o the_o difficult_a propagation_n of_o actual_a flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n have_v kindle_v some_o sulphur_n which_o be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n upon_o the_o iron_n so_o often_o mention_v i_o let_v down_o a_o piece_n of_o spunk_n upon_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o flame_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n as_o black_a and_o brittle_a as_o tinder_n and_o dispose_v to_o kindle_v when_o touch_v with_o fire_n experiment_n ii_o another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o sulphur_n be_v kindle_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it camphire_n though_o in_o the_o open_a air_n dispose_v to_o draw_v the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o kindle_v by_o hang_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o and_o a_o match_n be_v partly_o dip_v in_o sulphur_n and_o let_v down_o upon_o the_o hot_a iron_n burn_v as_o far_o as_o the_o sulphur_n reach_v but_o no_o further_o experiment_n iii_o and_o iu_o have_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o the_o plate_n of_o our_o pump_n and_o whelm_v over_o it_o a_o very_a clear_a and_o thin_a receiver_n we_o lay_v a_o train_n of_o gunpowder_n upon_o the_o paper_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o by_o a_o good_a burning-glass_n several_a grain_n will_v be_v explode_v yet_o those_o will_v not_o kindle_v those_o that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o the_o propagation_n of_o flame_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o free_a access_n of_o air._n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o little_a instrument_n make_v to_o try_v gunpowder_n be_v charge_v and_o prime_v and_o suspend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n the_o prime_a will_v be_v explode_v yet_o that_o will_v not_o kindle_v the_o powder_n contain_v in_o the_o box_n but_o when_o the_o exhaust_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o the_o pan_n new_o prime_v though_o the_o receiver_n be_v shut_v it_o will_v in_o that_o close_a air_n go_v off_o ready_o and_o also_o in_o the_o open_a air._n experiment_n v._n gunpowder_n be_v put_v into_o two_o bubble_n one_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o other_o not_o they_o be_v place_v upon_o live-coal_n upon_o which_o when_o they_o have_v stand_v a_o while_n they_o where_o both_o burst_n in_o piece_n but_o without_o the_o appearance_n of_o any_o flame_n which_o effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o coal_n act_v not_o only_o on_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o powder_n at_o once_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a area_n so_o that_o every_o particle_n be_v equal_o act_v on_o as_o to_o sense_n they_o be_v explode_v at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o the_o focus_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n act_v uniform_o on_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la cause_v it_o to_o explode_v at_o once_o but_o it_o may_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o focus_n not_o sufficient_o warm_v one_o part_n a_o partial_a explosion_n will_v only_o ensue_v chap._n xviii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o air_n and_o the_o flamma_n vitalis_n of_o animal_n experiment_n i._n air._n animal_n include_v in_o receiver_n with_o flame_n and_o air._n rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass-lamp_n with_o a_o thin_a wick_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o small_a green-finch_n be_v both_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n eighteen_o inch_n high_a and_o which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o twenty_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o flame_n of_o the_o lamp_n be_v extinguish_v at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o minute_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v brisk_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o minute_n be_v take_v out_o and_o when_o the_o bird_n recover_v again_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v
and_o garcias_n ab_fw-la horto_fw-la pretend_v to_o be_v eye_n witness_n of_o carbuncle_n which_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a and_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n of_o zeilan_n have_v a_o ruby_n as_o thick_a as_o a_o man_n arm_n and_o a_o palm_n long_o and_o two_o russian_a cossack_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o hear_v from_o the_o people_n of_o cottay_n that_o their_o king_n have_v a_o ruby_n which_o will_v shine_v night_n and_o day_n and_o benvonuto_n cellini_n a_o italian_a writer_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o a_o carbuncle_n which_o afford_v a_o considerable_a light_n in_o the_o night_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o a_o shine_a substance_n find_v in_o scotland_n and_o i_o be_o further_a tell_v that_o a_o dutch_a admiral_n have_v a_o diamond_n which_o when_o he_o open_v a_o coffer_n under_o deck_n in_o a_o dark_a room_n will_v shine_v by_o its_o native_a light_n which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o that_o be_v a_o much_o cold_a climate_n than_o the_o east-indies_n for_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o warmth_n much_o contribute_v to_o the_o shine_a of_o such_o stone_n since_o rub_v will_v cause_v some_o to_o shine_v which_o when_o cold_a will_v not_o which_o make_v i_o the_o less_o doubt_n of_o what_o be_v say_v of_o right_a turquois_n viz._n that_o it_o change_v colour_n as_o the_o wearer_n be_v sick_a or_o well_o and_o lose_v its_o splendour_n after_o death_n which_o be_v attest_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o boetius_fw-la de_fw-fr boot_n and_o olaus_n wormius_n and_o though_o antonio_n nâ—ri_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o turquois_n discolour_a and_o grow_v white_a will_v regain_v its_o colour_n if_o immerse_v in_o oil_n of_o sweet_a almond_n yet_o wormius_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o nephritick_n stone_n be_v dip_v in_o a_o decoction_n of_o herb_n lose_v its_o virtue_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o oculus_fw-la mundi_fw-la will_v be_v so_o change_v by_o be_v leave_v in_o water_n that_o from_o opacous_a it_o will_v become_v transparent_a which_o acquire_v lustre_n it_o will_v soon_o lose_v in_o the_o air._n observation_n make_v on_o mr._n clayton_n diamond_n it_o be_v a_o flat_a table_n diamond_n â…“_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o less_o in_o breadth_n of_o a_o bad_a water_n and_o less_o vivid_v in_o the_o day_n than_o other_o diamond_n be_v blemish_v with_o a_o whitish_a cloud_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o which_o blemish_n cover_v near_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n this_o diamond_n be_v look_v upon_o in_o a_o shady_a place_n in_o the_o day_n and_o also_o with_o a_o microscope_n neither_o any_o thing_n peculiar_a in_o the_o stone_n nor_o any_o light_n be_v perceive_v second_o when_o the_o candle_n be_v remove_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n it_o do_v not_o shine_v without_o be_v rub_v or_o otherwise_o prepare_v three_o i_o can_v neither_o produce_v light_n by_o rub_v together_o two_o pebble_n nor_o by_o a_o vehement_a attrition_n of_o rock-crystal_n nor_o by_o two_o diamond_n as_o by_o this_o stone_n four_o it_o be_v hard_a enough_o to_o grave_a upon_o rock-chrystal_n with_o it_o and_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o electricity_n five_o by_o rub_v it_o in_o the_o dark_a it_o will_v be_v excite_v to_o shine_v like_o rot_a wood_n but_o much_o faint_a than_o the_o scale_n or_o slab_a of_o a_o whiting_n or_o than_o glow-worm_n and_o it_o present_o cease_v after_o the_o attrition_n be_v end_v but_o be_v rub_v brisks_o it_o will_v continue_v its_o light_n much_o long_o so_o that_o it_o last_v eight_o time_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v a_o rub_n six_o hold_v it_o near_o a_o faint_a fire_n excite_v its_o luciferous_a quality_n a_o little_a but_o by_o hold_v it_o near_o a_o candle_n it_o be_v more_o apparent_o excite_v in_o a_o dark_a room_n and_o it_o acquire_v a_o little_a glimmer_n by_o be_v hold_v near_o a_o red_a piece_n of_o iron_n as_o also_o by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o my_o naked_a body_n sometime_o seven_o by_o be_v rub_v till_o it_o acquire_v luciferous_a quality_n it_o be_v also_o electrical_a but_o not_o when_o it_o be_v excite_v to_o shine_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n or_o a_o candle_n eight_o attrition_n vary_v its_o luciferous_a quality_n as_o the_o cloth_n vary_v in_o colour_n but_o on_o white_a and_o red_a it_o succeed_v best_o it_o be_v likewise_o excite_v in_o some_o measure_n by_o be_v rub_v upon_o a_o white_a wooden_a box_n and_o a_o pure_o glaze_v earth_n which_o excite_v it_o much_o better_a than_o any_o other_o body_n except_o white_a one_o nine_o when_o it_o be_v excite_v be_v plunge_v into_o water_n spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n of_o all_o sort_n acid_n spirit_n and_o alkalizate_a solution_n none_o of_o they_o destroy_v its_o shine_a property_n but_o when_o it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o excite_v as_o before_o ten_o neither_o spital_n nor_o warm_a liquor_n will_v extinguish_v its_o light_n but_o be_v rub_v with_o a_o transparent_a horn_n i_o can_v discover_v light_n through_o it_o and_o sometime_o little_a spark_n of_o fire_n eleven_o be_v rub_v upon_o a_o blue_a glass_n the_o faint_a light_n be_v not_o visible_a through_o it_o but_o be_v first_o excite_v and_o then_o apply_v to_o the_o glass_n the_o ray_n be_v tinge_v in_o their_o passage_n through_o it_o twelve_o by_o press_v it_o hard_o upon_o a_o piece_n of_o white_a tile_n it_o become_v luminous_a as_o also_o it_o discover_v a_o short_a coruscation_n when_o i_o press_v my_o finger_n upon_o it_o and_o if_o i_o thrust_v or_o stick_v the_o point_n of_o a_o bodkin_n against_o it_o it_o will_v discover_v a_o short_a but_o not_o a_o last_a coruscation_n so_o that_o its_o light_n seem_v to_o be_v promote_v by_o pressure_n rather_o than_o attrition_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o other_o precious_a stone_n some_o diamond_n will_v by_o attrition_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o glimmer_a light_n but_o other_o will_v not_o but_o neither_o the_o other_o precious_a stone_n nor_o artificial_a or_o natural_a crystal_n will_v afford_v the_o least_o glimmer_a of_o light_n chap._n xxiv_o the_o aerial_a noctiluca_n or_o some_o new_a phaenomena_n and_o a_o process_n of_o a_o factitious_a self-shining_a substance_n noctiluca_n of_o a_o aerial_a noctiluca_n phosphorus_n be_v either_o natural_a as_o glow-worm_n some_o sort_n of_o rot_a wood_n and_o fish_n or_o artificial_a which_o be_v the_o chief_a subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o be_v either_o first_o such_o as_o will_v retain_v a_o lucidness_n sometime_o after_o they_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o sunbeam_n as_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n and_o phosphorus_n hermeticus_n of_o balduinus_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o chalk_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o succeed_v much_o better_a than_o the_o former_a for_o it_o be_v present_o excite_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o even_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n and_o continue_v to_o shine_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o the_o dark_a yet_o this_o advantage_n the_o bolonian_a stone_n have_v above_o the_o other_o that_o it_o retain_v its_o virtue_n of_o be_v excite_v much_o long_o or_o second_o self-shining_a substance_n such_o as_o be_v usual_o call_v noctiluca_n and_o be_v either_o consistent_a or_o liquid_a such_o as_o mr._n crafft_n bring_v to_o london_n the_o consistent_a one_o be_v of_o a_o gummy_a nature_n and_o constant_o lucid_a but_o the_o other_o apt_a to_o vanish_v if_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air._n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v one_o of_o my_o own_o preparation_n which_o do_v not_o shine_v itself_o but_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n the_o effluvia_fw-la mix_v with_o it_o become_v lucid_a which_o therefore_o i_o call_v the_o aerial_a noctiluca_n in_o prepare_v of_o which_o from_o some_o part_n of_o a_o man_n body_n it_o be_v not_o only_o difficult_a to_o hit_v upon_o the_o true_a degree_n of_o heat_n but_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o distillation_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v out_o so_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v we_o be_v force_v to_o save_v the_o luciferous_a matter_n by_o small_a parcel_n and_o in_o distinct_a vial_n observation_n make_v on_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o second_o vial_n which_o though_o it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v two_o ounce_n have_v but_o a_o spoonful_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o it_o 1._o by_o daylight_n this_o shine_a liquor_n be_v not_o near_o diaphanous_a but_o of_o a_o muddy_a grayish_a colour_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dispose_v to_o shine_v in_o the_o dark_a the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vial_n above_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o be_v full_a of_o whitish_a fume_n though_o at_o other_o time_n transparent_a 2._o the_o vial_n when_o close_o stop_v be_v not_o luminous_a in_o the_o dark_a but_o the_o light_n or_o flame_n appear_v as_o
incumbent_a on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n and_o the_o low_a end_n be_v immerse_v three_o inch_n in_o water_n the_o liquid_a within_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o free_a communication_n will_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o external_a water_n and_o in_o thin_a tube_n a_o little_a high_o but_o if_o oil_n be_v gradual_o pour_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n the_o superficial_a plain_n will_v have_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o it_o without_o than_o within_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n under_o the_o tube_n find_v not_o so_o great_a a_o pressure_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o without_o it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v equal_a but_o since_o this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o follow_a paradox_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o show_v air_n be_v not_o a_o body_n devoid_a of_o weight_n as_o some_o peripatetic_n suppose_v the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o glass_n bubble_n be_v blow_v who_o capacity_n be_v short_a of_o two_o cubical_a inch_n it_o be_v instant_o hermetical_o seal_v whilst_o hot_a and_o when_o it_o be_v cool_v be_v place_v in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o air_n rush_v in_o with_o a_o noise_n cause_v the_o bubble_n to_o preponderate_v half_a a_o grain_n though_o by_o break_v of_o the_o stem_n under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rarify_v air_n remain_v in_o the_o seal_a glass_n possess_v one_o four_o of_o its_o capacity_n another_o time_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v the_o air_n contain_v seem_v to_o weigh_v near_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v 905_o grain_n so_o that_o allow_v the_o air_n contain_v to_o take_v up_o one_o four_o and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n be_v ¼_n probable_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v about_o a_o grain_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n weigh_v little_o more_o than_o nine_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o air._n paradox_n i._n paradox_n 1_o that_o in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a if_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 1._o a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n the_o first_o a_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v immerse_v which_o contain_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o that_o oil_n be_v suspend_v there_o by_o keep_v the_o upper_a orifice_n close_o after_o it_o have_v be_v suck_v up_o to_o a_o convenient_a height_n till_o the_o pipe_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n in_o the_o water_n if_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o qui_fw-fr be_v immerse_v till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o oil_n x_o q_o press_v no_o more_o upon_o that_o imaginary_a surface_n than_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n than_o the_o oil_n will_v be_v suspend_v there_o and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n below_o it_o but_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v much_o above_o the_o water_n and_o it_o press_v more_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n than_o the_o water_n without_o than_o it_o will_v make_v its_o way_n through_o that_o surface_n till_o the_o oil_n within_o and_o the_o water_n without_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la again_o so_o that_o they_o both_o equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o surface_n d_o s_o and_o gradual_o on_o to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o for_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n grow_v preponderant_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o tube_n t_o v_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o but_o a_o little_a water_n press_v upon_o that_o surface_n the_o oil_n be_v almost_o whole_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o it_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o raise_v the_o pipe_n p_o q_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o the_o position_n n_n o_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o pipe_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o cylinder_n or_o oil_n w_n ae_n which_o be_v only_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n lean_v on_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n the_o oil_n must_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n and_o the_o space_n o_o ae_n fill_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o oil_n betwixt_o w_n ae_n and_o ae_n o_o be_v both_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n they_o may_v equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o with_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o agreeable_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n x_o q_o will_v be_v something_o above_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v only_o immerse_v to_o the_o surface_n q._n since_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o cylinder_n must_v be_v long_o to_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n equal_o with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n no_o long_o than_o from_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o to_o g_o h._n and_o if_o a_o heavy_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o surface_n x_o must_v be_v more_o above_o l_o m_o than_o in_o water_n otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o press_v equal_o upon_o the_o subjacent_a surface_n from_o whence_o appear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n for_o if_o the_o oil_n be_v keep_v suspend_v at_o a_o different_a height_n as_o the_o external_a water_n be_v deep_a to_o countervail_v it_o and_o if_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v from_o g_o h_n to_o i_o k_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v press_v out_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v press_v down_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n since_o then_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k_o be_v not_o equal_o press_v upon_o from_o without_o as_o by_o the_o oil_n it_o be_v able_a to_o break_v that_o surface_n and_o make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n first_o what_o we_o say_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n upon_o one_o another_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o heavy_a fluid_n in_o general_a except_o some_o reason_n appear_v for_o a_o particular_a exception_n in_o some_o place_n second_o that_o in_o slender_a pipe_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n within_o be_v general_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_a three_o small_a pipe_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o these_o experiment_n because_o in_o large_a the_o emerge_v oil_n pass_v through_o the_o water_n obscure_v the_o light_n of_o what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v visible_a four_o we_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o liquor_n because_o clear_v and_o colourless_a and_o not_o apt_a to_o stain_v one_o clothes_n and_o as_o for_o the_o offensive_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v correct_v with_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n or_o any_o other_o odoriferous_a oil_n though_o any_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o water_n five_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n may_v be_v tinge_v with_o copper_n to_o render_v the_o phaenomena_n within_o more_o visible_a for_o which_o reason_n we_o often_o employ_v a_o decoction_n of_o brasil_n instead_o of_o clear_a water_n or_o of_o log-wood_n or_o red_a ink_n itself_o six_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v what_o you_o please_v but_o the_o pipe_n must_v be_v broad_a or_o long_o as_o occasion_n require_v seven_o the_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n above_o with_o one_o finger_n but_o if_o it_o be_v too_o high_a the_o experimenter_n may_v let_v it_o out_o as_o he_o please_v by_o admit_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o at_o the_o top_n by_o gradual_o remove_v his_o finger_n last_o in_o such_o experiment_n as_o require_v a_o considerable_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mingle_a liquor_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la
water_n be_v raise_v by_o it_o as_o wood_n and_o drop_n of_o oil_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o the_o low_a part_n n_n than_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o the_fw-mi be_v a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n a_o k._n b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h._n b_o ay_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_n for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n it_o be_v consequent_o unable_a to_o resist_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n beneath_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wherever_o it_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n gradual_o raise_v up_o for_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o above_o and_o the_o other_o below_o and_o the_o low_a be_v long_a by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o rise_a body_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o it_o must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o more_o or_o less_o swift_o as_o the_o low_a basis_n press_v more_o or_o less_o on_o the_o subjacent_a superficies_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o two_o piece_n of_o stick_n of_o a_o different_a length_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o long_a rise_v the_o fast_o for_o if_o o_o p_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o q_o r_o but_o one_o and_o both_o rest_v upon_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n the_o one_o have_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o foot_n long_o to_o resist_v its_o rise_n than_o the_o other_o and_o as_o the_o emerge_a body_n rise_v slow_a as_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a pillar_n of_o water_n be_v less_o so_o thence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o some_o liquor_n who_o whiteness_n depend_v on_o the_o intermixture_n of_o drop_n be_v so_o long_a a_o rise_n the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o render_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a pillar_n of_o air_n inconsiderable_a but_o as_o these_o drop_n by_o move_v up_o and_o down_o unite_v into_o large_a the_o difference_n grow_v more_o considerable_a they_o be_v according_o buoy_v up_o in_o less_o time_n and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n 2._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 2._o that_o these_o body_n float_v upon_o water_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o wood_n be_v by_o its_o specify_v gravity_n only_o so_o far_o depress_v into_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vial_n a_o b._n c_o d_o till_o the_o water_n about_o it_o make_v a_o equal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n x_o w_n and_o because_o the_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la as_o water_n therefore_o part_n be_v keep_v emerge_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a port_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v place_v several_a mark_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o float_a glass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o water_n put_v just_a so_o much_o water_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o those_o mark_n by_o that_o mean_v i_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o float_a vessel_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n and_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o end_n may_v be_v obtain_v another_o way_n viz._n by_o first_o fill_v a_o cistern_n or_o pond_n with_o water_n by_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o know_a capacity_n and_o then_o have_v empty_v it_o again_o for_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v place_v in_o that_o cistern_n or_o pond_n and_o water_n put_v into_o the_o cistern_n again_o till_o it_o float_v the_o vessel_n and_o fill_v the_o cistern_n or_o pond_n full_a as_o much_o as_o it_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n first_o contain_v in_o the_o cistern_n so_o much_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a body_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n sufficient_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v however_o to_o make_v it_o plain_o if_o possible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v suck_v up_o about_o a_o inch_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o whilst_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v cover_v with_o one_o thumb_n it_o be_v depress_v in_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_a water_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o then_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v upon_o that_o and_o when_o one_o thumb_n be_v take_v off_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o external_a fluids_n will_n by_o their_o pressure_n raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n though_o not_o quite_o so_o high_a as_o the_o oil_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n and_o that_o light_a than_o itself_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o may_v illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o water_n be_v buoy_v up_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n by_o the_o rise_a sucker_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v within_o the_o pipe_n i_o take_v likewise_o a_o small_a tube_n who_o diameter_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v immerse_v it_o a_o inch_n in_o quicksilver_n i_o put_v my_o thumb_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o till_o i_o have_v immerse_v the_o tube_n eighteen_o inch_n in_o oil_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o press_v against_o the_o quicksilver_n it_o be_v not_o only_o keep_v from_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o raise_v a_o little_a and_o as_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v some_o of_o the_o mercury_n will_v fall_v out_o so_o when_o it_o be_v depress_v the_o mercury_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o external_a liquor_n upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n will_v appear_v more_o full_o to_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n in_o a_o tube_n twenty_o nine_o or_o thirty_o digit_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o three_o or_o thirty_o four_o foot_n high_a paradox_n five_o paradox_n v._o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o several_a pipe_n though_o those_o pipe_n be_v of_o very_o different_a diameter_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o be_v represent_v in_o fig._n 6._o plate_n the_o second_o 2._o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n 2._o for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o that_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o that_o cork_n have_v four_o hole_n in_o three_o of_o which_o the_o pipe_n be_v fix_v and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o tunnel_n and_o if_o when_o so_o much_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o as_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n down_o low_o and_o the_o oil_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v into_o the_o pipe_n l._n m._n n._n by_o its_o weight_n it_o will_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v to_o o_o p_o q_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o rest_v at_o e_o f_o be_v depress_v down_o to_o i_o k_o upon_o which_o imaginary_a surface_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tubes_fw-la answerable_a to_o their_o bulk_n make_v a_o equivalent_a pressure_n with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o external_a oil_n of_o the_o same_o boar_n the_o water_n must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o all_o except_o the_o last_o pipe_n be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o
so_o close_o upon_o it_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v out_o between_o they_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o bottom_n be_v fasten_v a_o long_a string_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o which_o press_v upon_o the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o against_o the_o subjacent_a rim_n g_o h_n contribute_v to_o render_v the_o vessel_n more_o close_o and_o to_o obstruct_v its_o own_o passage_n whereupon_o we_o tie_v the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o string_n i_o k_o to_o a_o beam_n and_o put_v so_o many_o weight_n into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o from_o the_o rim_n g_o h._n and_o then_o deduct_v from_o that_o weight_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o false_a bottom_n and_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o broad_a cylindrical_a box_n b_o e_o c_o h._n g_o d_o f_o we_o find_v that_o the_o pressure_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o c_o d_o be_v much_o great_a than_o what_o read_v stevinus_n will_v make_v one_o expect_v and_o than_o all_o the_o water_n contain_v both_o in_o the_o pipe_n and_o cylinder_n will_v have_v be_v have_v it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o uniform_a cylinder_n paradox_n vii_o paradox_n vii_o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_n increase_v this_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v represent_v by_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o five_o 5._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 5._o where_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n g_o f_o k_n and_o they_o sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o so_fw-mi that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n may_v be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n the_o imaginary_a pillar_n of_o water_n h_n g_o will_v suspend_v it_o there_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v the_o oil_n become_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o so_o short_a a_o cylinder_n the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n will_n force_v it_o out_o of_o the_o orifice_n g_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v further_o immerse_v the_o water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o fill_v part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n below_o it_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v 6._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 6._o that_o have_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n abcd_v represent_v by_o fig._n six_o plate_n the_o three_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n and_o bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n a_o hole_n to_o receive_v the_o pipe_n g_o h_n and_o the_o other_o e_o f_o i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n g_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n likewise_o and_o then_o pour_v in_o water_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o till_o it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o be_v so_o nice_o poise_v that_o it_o swim_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o pour_v in_o more_o water_n the_o surface_n be_v raise_v to_o k_o the_o bubble_n x_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n e_o press_v upon_o the_o whole_a water_n within_o the_o glass_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o make_v it_o sink_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o not_o only_o press_v upon_o that_o subjacent_a but_o likewise_o upon_o those_o part_n that_o be_v latteral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o even_o the_o cork_n that_o be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o be_v press_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o and_o oblique_o too_o appear_v since_o if_o the_o orifice_n g_o be_v not_o close_o stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o it_o and_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n it_o be_v only_o stop_v with_o one_o thumb_n one_o may_v perceive_v a_o evident_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o it_o and_o that_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o bubble_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n above_o it_o appear_v since_o if_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v off_o by_o incline_v the_o vial_n it_o will_v praesenti_fw-la emerge_fw-la again_o and_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n worthy_a our_o notice_n be_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n a_o b._n c_o d_o be_v not_o whole_o fill_v but_o the_o space_n betwixt_o l_o m_o fill_v with_o air_n yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o such_o different_a fluid_n may_v be_v so_o easy_o communicate_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o the_o bubble_n will_v descend_v equal_o as_o if_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n paradox_n viii_o paradox_n viii_o that_o water_n may_v be_v make_v to_o depress_v a_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o as_o well_o as_o to_o buoy_v it_o up_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n will_v be_v easy_o make_v out_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o if_o a_o glass_n syphon_n 7._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 7._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o three_o be_v fill_v from_o h_n to_o i_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o till_o the_o orifice_n a_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v under_o water_n if_o then_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v unstop_v and_o the_o whole_a tube_n e_o i_o f_o g_o h_n be_v depress_v gradual_o the_o incumbent_n water_n h_n k_o will_v press_v the_o oil_n out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n h_n g_o into_z the_o longer_z e_z f._n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forego_n and_o the_o second_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v provide_v a_o pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8._o and_o suck_v so_o much_o oil_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v the_o space_n l_o m_o n_o p_o 〈◊〉_d see_v fig._n 〈◊〉_d i_o immerse_v it_o in_o water_n and_o upon_o the_o open_n the_o orifice_n o_o as_o the_o pipe_n be_v gradual_o depress_v the_o oil_n be_v press_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n l_o m_o to_o n_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o what_o height_n i_o please_v in_o the_o pipe_n o_o p_o n._n paradox_n ix_o paradox_n ix_o that_o whatever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o consider_v that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_o than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o body_n light_a than_o water_n emerge_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o oil_n in_o a_o tube_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o water_n below_o oil_n may_v be_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o try_v the_o result_n i_o suck_v a_o inch_n of_o water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n suspend_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n i_o remove_v it_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o oil_n and_o then_o open_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o it_o i_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v it_o so_o far_o in_o that_o till_o the_o water_n below_o the_o oil_n be_v equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o water_n above_o it_o in_o which_o station_n the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n and_o water_n be_v equal_a in_o weight_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n the_o oil_n q._n r._n be_v suspend_v betwixt_o the_o water_n s._n r._n and_o that_o below_o it_o p._n q._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n t._n s._n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d._n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o oil_n and_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n to_o press_v equal_o on_o the_o surface_n g._n h._n with_o the_o external_a water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o as_o plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o represent_v paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphony_n paradox_n x_o and_o of_o flow_v through_o they_o may_v be_v explain_v without_o have_v recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o 2._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 2._o we_o provide_v a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b._n c_o d._n of_o a_o convenient_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o
air_n contain_v in_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o hold_v as_o much_o air_n as_o will_v keep_v the_o whole_a stem_n from_o sink_v under_o water_n if_o the_o ballast_n which_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o vessel_n immerse_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n be_v to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o vessel_n the_o stem_n ought_v to_o be_v hollow_a but_o otherwise_o to_o consist_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n without_o any_o cavity_n and_o of_o a_o convenient_a length_n the_o instrument_n i_o employ_v for_o guineas_n have_v its_o ball_n as_o big_a as_o a_o hens-egg_n and_o the_o stem_n about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o be_v sodder_v on_o to_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o uppermost_a convex_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o lowermost_a be_v fix_v a_o piece_n of_o wire_n to_o lay_v the_o guiny_n upon_o or_o a_o screw_v stirrup_n to_o fix_v it_o in_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v piece_n of_o gold_n of_o great_a weight_n the_o stirrup_n ought_v to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o small_a cylinder_n upon_o which_o several_a piece_n of_o metal_n be_v fix_v and_o have_v hole_n in_o the_o middle_n that_o they_o may_v be_v put_v on_o or_o take_v off_o as_o occasion_n require_v the_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o any_o piece_n of_o gold_n though_o twice_o or_o thrice_o as_o heavy_a as_o a_o guiny_n to_o adjust_a this_o instrument_n for_o the_o use_n of_o guineas_n it_o must_v be_v lighten_v by_o the_o use_n of_o a_o file_n or_o make_v heavy_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o ballast_n that_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n without_o sink_v and_o then_o a_o mark_n be_v fix_v on_o the_o stem_n at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o piece_n of_o brass_n must_v be_v substitute_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o guiny_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n or_o a_o grain_n or_o two_o heavy_a in_o the_o air_n and_o a_o mark_v set_v at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o be_v immerse_v by_o that_o weight_n in_o which_o method_n of_o adjust_v the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v mind_v first_o the_o guinea_n must_v be_v place_v exact_o with_o its_o middle_a in_o the_o screw_n that_o it_o may_v not_o incline_v the_o tube_n but_o let_v it_o stand_v erect_v second_o quicksilver_n ballast_n in_o metalline_a instrument_n be_v apt_a to_o dissolve_v the_o sodder_n three_o the_o mark_n may_v be_v make_v of_o chew_v mastic_n fix_v in_o small_a hole_n or_o by_o fix_v a_o silver_n or_o a_o golden_a wire_n in_o a_o nick_n make_v round_o the_o stem_n four_o one_o of_o the_o heavy_a guineas_n be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o adjust_v this_o instrument_n and_o care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v leave_v above_o the_o water_n because_o all_o water_n themselves_o be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n yet_o those_o circumstance_n vary_v not_o the_o success_n since_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o immerge_n this_o instrument_n in_o several_a water_n be_v in_o considerable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o piece_n of_o brass_n and_o gold_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n five_o before_o we_o can_v determine_v by_o this_o instrument_n whether_o the_o gold_n be_v good_a it_o must_v be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n to_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o a_o just_a weight_n and_o then_o this_o will_v discover_v whether_o it_o be_v genuine_a for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v think_v the_o metal_n not_o good_a when_o it_o only_o want_v weight_n in_o the_o air._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n 00._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 00._o fig._n 1._o a_o b._n the_o stem_n or_o pipe_n c_o e._n the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o ball_n sodder_v together_o b_o c_o d_o e._n the_o ball_n itself_o f._n the_o screw_n g._n the_o stirrup_n somewhat_o out_o of_o its_o place_n h._n the_o mark_n to_o which_o copper_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o guinea_n in_o the_o air_n depress_n it_o i._o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o gold_n sink_v it_o fig._n 2._o the_o screw_n by_o itself_o to_o be_v take_v off_o or_o put_v on_o the_o undermost_a stem_n of_o the_o instrument_n fig._n 3._o the_o perforated_a plate_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o low_a stem_n as_o ballast_n fig._n 4._o the_o low_a stem_n with_o a_o perforated_a plate_n upon_o it_o fig._n 5._o the_o stirrup_n which_o my_o be_n make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o screw_n fig._n 6._o a._n b._n c._n the_o glass_n instrument_n d_o d_o d._n the_o coin_n support_v by_o four_o horsehair_n fig._n 7._o the_o undermost_a stem_n of_o a_o glass_n instrument_n to_o which_o a_o screw_n be_v fasten_v with_o horsehair_n or_o otherwise_o fig._n 8._o a_o b_o c_o d._n the_o instrument_n for_o estimate_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n e_o e_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o water_n employ_v as_o ballast_n the_o three_o section_n represent_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n as_o relate_v to_o metal_n the_o first_o use_n be_v to_o distinguish_v true_a guineas_n from_o counterfeit_n the_o second_o use_n in_o examine_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n light_a than_o a_o guinea_n so_o much_o ballast_n may_v be_v add_v as_o will_v make_v that_o amount_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o guinea_n and_o if_o the_o gold_n be_v heavy_a so_o many_o of_o the_o perforated_a plate_n must_v be_v take_v off_o the_o stem_n that_o the_o instrument_n may_v not_o be_v sink_v by_o it_o and_o when_o a_o coin_n but_o a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o guinea_n be_v to_o be_v try_v it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o place_v a_o perforated_a plate_n upon_o the_o upper_a screw_n so_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v upon_o the_o ball_n and_o be_v take_v off_o or_o lighten_v with_o a_o file_n as_o occasion_n require_v that_o several_a piece_n of_o gold_n may_v upon_o some_o occasion_n be_v fix_v at_o once_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o screw_n ought_v to_o be_v wide_a than_o what_o will_v just_o admit_v of_o a_o guinea_n if_o the_o instrument_n be_v well_o proportion_v so_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o guinea_n may_v not_o depress_v it_o under_o water_n it_o may_v be_v examine_v without_o alter_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n above_o lay_v down_o a_o half_a guinea_n may_v be_v try_v by_o place_v a_o true_a half_a guinea_n with_o it_o in_o the_o screw_n the_o three_o use_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o try_v silver_n coin_n which_o be_v light_a than_o half_a a_o crown_n by_o weigh_v silver_n in_o it_o and_o mark_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o observe_v what_o difference_n there_o be_v betwixt_o that_o and_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o a_o ignoble_a metal_n in_o the_o air._n and_o though_o several_a instrument_n will_v be_v more_o convenient_a for_o the_o try_v of_o these_o different_a metal_n yet_o by_o alter_v the_o ballast_n plate_n one_o may_v be_v make_v to_o serve_v the_o turn_n the_o four_o use_n and_o by_o the_o like_a method_n a_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o discover_v whether_o tin_n be_v more_o or_o less_o adulterate_v with_o lead_n since_o tin_n be_v the_o light_a of_o metal_n the_o lead_n will_v depress_v the_o instrument_n low_o if_o mix_v with_o tin_n as_o gold_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v the_o heavy_a metal_n and_o be_v light_a upon_o the_o addition_n of_o another_o metal_n the_o five_o use_n it_o may_v enable_v we_o to_o guess_v at_o the_o quality_n of_o metalline_a mixture_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o ingredient_n for_o by_o adjust_v how_o much_o such_o a_o weight_n of_o gold_n will_v depress_v the_o stem_n by_o afterward_o try_v how_o much_o light_a in_o water_n the_o same_o weight_n of_o allay_v gold_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v what_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o alloy_n we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o judge_v how_o much_o other_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v alloy_v by_o compare_v their_o weight_n in_o water_n with_o this_o standard_n provide_v they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n with_o the_o gold_n unalloy_v and_o the_o same_o measure_n may_v be_v take_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o alloy_v of_o silver_n with_o copper_n or_o of_o copper_n with_o tin_n chap._n ix_o observation_n of_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o metal_n tin_n about_o the_o growth_n of_o tin_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o tin_n i_o that_o after_o a_o tin_n i_o have_v be_v quite_o drain_v of_o its_o ore_n by_o wash_v and_o van_v about_o 120_o year_n after_o it_o yield_v rich_a ore_n again_o and_o that_o a_o good_a quantity_n
vitrify_v sand_n as_o fill_v a_o retort_n and_o two_o or_o three_o flux_a additament_n of_o small_a price_n sixteen_o grain_n of_o pure_a gold_n and_o though_o by_o some_o it_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o fix_v gold_n yet_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o by_o a_o small_a addition_n of_o another_o substance_n gold_n may_v be_v sublime_v without_o a_o naked_a fire_n and_o form_v several_a crystal_n like_o ruby_n and_o if_o sands_n as_o well_o as_o earth_n and_o stone_n abound_v with_o mineral_n ingredient_n it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o take_v a_o account_n where_o such_o substance_n be_v find_v and_o likewise_o to_o take_v a_o sample_n of_o they_o as_o also_o of_o the_o oar_n of_o different_a mine_n and_o to_o try_v they_o hydrostatical_o for_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o in_o english_a lead_n oar_n of_o several_a kind_n those_o in_o which_o thirty_o pound_n of_o lead_n be_v only_o to_o be_v get_v out_o of_o a_o hundred_o of_o ore_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o not_o worth_a work_n those_o that_o yield_v half_a their_o weight_n of_o metal_n be_v indifferent_a and_o other_o ore_n which_o yield_v from_o fifty_o five_o to_o sixty_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o good_a but_o those_o that_o afford_v eighty_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o be_v account_v very_o rich_a but_o i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o that_o afford_v more_o than_o seventy_o five_o in_o a_o hundred_o weight_n which_o ore_n seem_v to_o consist_v whole_o of_o metal_n and_o be_v make_v up_o of_o part_n of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n and_o much_o resemble_v die_v place_v one_o by_o another_o but_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o propose_v to_o be_v inquire_v after_o concern_v metalline_a fossils_n not_o only_o its_o proportion_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v but_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarceness_n of_o the_o mineral_n the_o easiness_n or_o difficulty_n of_o come_v at_o it_o as_o also_o its_o depth_n and_o freeness_n from_o water_n its_o nearness_n to_o plenty_n of_o fuel_n its_o nearness_n to_o water_n to_o drive_v mill_n and_o to_o transport_v it_o etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v consider_v likewise_o before_o one_o begin_v to_o work_v a_o mine_n a_o explication_n of_o the_o instrument_n employ_v in_o these_o experiment_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n aa_o the_o beam_n 00._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 00._o bb_n the_o dish_n cc_o the_o frame_n to_o suspend_v the_o beam_n upon_o which_o do_v a_o slide_a socket_n e_o its_o arm_n contain_v f_o a_o pulley_n over_o which_o g_o another_o pulley_n pass_v h_z a_o line_n fasten_v to_o ay_o a_o movable_a weight_n by_o which_o the_o beam_n be_v raise_v up_o or_o let_v down_o k_n a_o hair_n to_o suspend_v l_o the_o body_n to_o be_v weigh_v in_o the_o water_n hold_v in_o m_z the_o glass_n cistern_n n_z the_o bucket_n for_o liquor_n o_o the_o box_n of_o grain_n p_o the_o forceps_n to_o manage_v they_o q_o the_o pile_n of_o weight_n r_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o balance_n ssss_n the_o table_n chap._n xi_o medicina_fw-la hydrostatica_fw-la from_z what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n it_o appear_v that_o white_a marble_n or_o crystal_n may_v be_v a_o standard_n to_o distinguish_v mineral_n substance_n from_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v the_o way_n of_o weigh_v sink_a body_n in_o water_n body_n the_o method_n of_o weigh_v body_n and_o first_o the_o solid_a body_n to_o be_v examine_v be_v to_o be_v suspend_v by_o a_o horsehair_n at_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n just_a now_o describe_v and_o there_o to_o be_v counterpoise_v then_o the_o weight_n be_v take_v out_o by_o deduce_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n in_o air_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o in_o water_n by_o the_o remainder_n divide_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o give_v body_n in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o quotient_n will_v show_v the_o proportion_n in_o specific_a gravity_n betwixt_o the_o examine_a solid_a and_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v just_a equal_a to_o it_o in_o bulk_n for_o example_n if_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o rock-crystal_n be_v 1169_o grain_n in_o the_o air_n and_o 738_o in_o water_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v 431_o grain_n by_o which_o the_o 1169_o grain_n be_v divide_v the_o quotient_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 2_o ×_o 71_o 100_o or_o near_o enough_o 7_o 10_o for_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o white_a marble_n to_o water_n in_o which_o direction_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o observe_v caution_n requisite_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v imply_n that_o the_o body_n weigh_v must_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n second_o horsehair_n be_v more_o convenient_a than_o other_o string_n because_o they_o be_v near_o to_o a_o specific_a gravity_n with_o water_n three_o where_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o body_n disable_v we_o from_o suspend_v it_o by_o tie_v a_o hair_n about_o it_o we_o plait_v a_o sort_n of_o net_n of_o hair_n 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scarce_o discernible_a if_o at_o all_o as_o in_o lodestone_n ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n those_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o make_v their_o consumption_n discernible_a in_o which_o time_n we_o be_v not_o sure_a but_o the_o weight_n themselves_o may_v have_v lose_v of_o their_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o the_o counterpoise_n and_o consequent_o not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v the_o loss_n those_o sustain_v but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o beside_o statical_a way_n of_o try_v whether_o body_n emit_v effluvia_fw-la or_o not_o and_o there_o be_v several_a peculiar_a way_n requisite_a to_o cause_v they_o to_o emit_v they_o as_o glass_n etc._n etc._n affect_v the_o nostril_n upon_o a_o attrition_n i_o have_v a_o diamond_n as_o well_o as_o a_o ruby_n which_o will_v be_v excite_v by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n in_o my_o pocket_n or_o only_o by_o stroke_v my_o finger_n over_o the_o former_a though_o sometime_o they_o will_v fail_v to_o be_v so_o easy_o or_o uniform_o excite_v and_o it_o be_v 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blood_n title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o blood_n i._o of_o the_o colour_n of_o human_a blood_n arterial_a and_o venal_a ii_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o human_n blood_n iii_o of_o the_o odour_n of_o human_a blood_n iv_o of_o the_o heat_n of_o fresh_o emit_v human_a blood_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v much_o violent_a after_o it_o have_v run_v a_o while_n than_o when_o it_o first_o begin_v the_o blood_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o vein_n of_o a_o young_a gentlewoman_n fall_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o thermoscope_n cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n near_o the_o small_a and_o upper_a ball_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o in_o another_o trial_n it_o be_v raise_v almost_o as_o high_a as_o to_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o ordinary_a thermoscope_n but_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o healthful_a and_o lusty_a man_n the_o heat_n raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o upper_a ball_n which_o be_v high_a than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o dog-day_n usual_o do_v and_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o healthful_a man_n continue_v its_o heat_n so_o lo_o long_a that_o it_o raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n three_o or_o four_o finger_n breadth_n when_o it_o be_v coagulate_v v._o of_o the_o inflamability_n and_o some_o other_o quality_n of_o human_a blood_n a_o piece_n of_o human_a blood_n be_v dry_v till_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v powder_v and_o then_o hold_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n it_o take_v fire_n and_o afford_v a_o flame_n not_o much_o unlike_a that_o which_o cause_v it_o burn_v with_o a_o crackle_n noise_n and_o here_o and_o there_o melt_v and_o if_o it_o be_v lay_v upon_o live_a coal_n and_o now_o and_o then_o blow_v it_o will_v yield_v a_o very_a yellow_a flame_n and_o during_o its_o deflagration_n will_v seem_v to_o fry_v upon_o the_o coal_n and_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o melt_v into_o a_o black_a substance_n almost_o like_o pitch_n and_o some_o of_o the_o powder_n of_o blood_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n they_o take_v fire_n in_o their_o passage_n and_o flash_v not_o without_o some_o noise_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v rosin_n vi_o of_o the_o aerial_a part_n natural_o mix_v with_o human_a blood_n and_o also_o find_v in_o its_o distinct_a part_n vii_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o human_a blood_n entire_a it_o may_v be_v different_a in_o several_a person_n according_a to_o their_o sex_n age_n constitution_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o in_o the_o same_o person_n according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o day_n or_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o at_o a_o less_o or_o great_a distance_n from_o a_o meal_n but_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o its_o specific_a gravity_n we_o take_v the_o blood_n of_o a_o sound_a man_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o oblong_a glass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v settle_v we_o mark_v with_o a_o diamond_n that_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n wrought_v and_o then_o weigh_v the_o glass_n and_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o a_o very_a tender_a balance_n we_o pour_v out_o the_o blood_n and_o have_v wash_v the_o vessel_n we_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o the_o same_o mark_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o in_o the_o same_o balance_n and_o then_o weigh_v the_o glass_n and_o deduct_v that_o from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o two_o liquor_n the_o water_n weigh_v nine_o ounce_n six_o dram_fw-la and_o fifty_o grain_n and_o the_o blood_n equal_a to_o it_o in_o bulk_n weigh_v ten_o ounce_n two_o dram_fw-la and_o four_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v three_o dram_fw-la and_o fourteen_o grain_n heavy_a it_o be_v about_o â—_o 2d_o part_n heavy_a than_o water_n viii_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o fibrous_a and_o red_a part_n and_o of_o the_o serous_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n ix_o of_o the_o consistence_n of_o entire_a human_n blood_n x._o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o human_a blood_n to_o concretion_n and_o the_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v perform_v xi_o of_o the_o liquor_n and_o salt_n that_o coagulate_v human_a blood_n clot_a blood_n be_v keep_v some_o hour_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v a_o menstruum_fw-la fit_a to_o dissolve_v some_o body_n it_o be_v take_v out_o as_o hard_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o fire_n xii_o of_o the_o liquor_n and_o salt_n that_o obstruct_v or_o dissolve_v its_o coagulation_n xiii_o of_o the_o liquor_n etc._n etc._n that_o preserve_v human_a blood_n fourteen_o of_o the_o mixture_n that_o human_a blood_n may_v receive_v from_o aliment_n xv._o of_o the_o spontaneous_a or_o natural_a analysis_n of_o human_a blood_n into_o a_o serous_a and_o a_o fibrous_a part._n xvi_o of_o the_o respective_a quantity_n of_o the_o serous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n of_o human_n blood_n xvii_o of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o serous_a and_o the_o red_a part_n of_o human_n blood_n xviii_o of_o the_o artificial_a or_o chemical_a analysis_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o first_o of_o its_o spirit_n xix_o of_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n and_o of_o its_o figure_n this_o salt_n be_v so_o fusible_a that_o one_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v whilst_o the_o other_o fly_v way_n and_o this_o observation_n will_v hold_v in_o most_o volatile_a salt_n and_o though_o this_o salt_n when_o sublimed_a look_v white_a and_o clean_a and_o a_o very_a homogeneous_a substance_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o part_n of_o matter_n of_o size_n and_o shape_n different_a enough_o for_o have_v weigh_v some_o grain_n of_o resublimed_n salt_n of_o human_a blood_n that_o seem_v pure_a its_o smell_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o diffusive_a so_o that_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v it_o to_o fly_v away_o in_o a_o little_a time_n but_o we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v very_o little_o diminish_v in_o seven_o or_o eight_o day_n time_n yet_o what_o remain_v have_v lose_v its_o odour_n but_o retain_v a_o saline_a taste_n and_o be_v put_v upon_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n in_o common_a water_n turn_v it_o white_a so_o that_o its_o diffusive_a and_o penetrant_fw-la humour_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o some_o more_o volatile_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n but_o it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n to_o be_v solve_v by_o further_a experience_n whether_o the_o fixedness_n of_o this_o salt_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o coalition_n of_o a_o acid_n salt_n in_o the_o air._n a_o dram_n of_o volatile_a salt_n of_o human_a blood_n sublime_v in_o a_o lamp-furnace_n be_v put_v into_o common_a water_n and_o when_o a_o thermoscope_n be_v bring_v to_o its_o right_a temper_n be_v immerse_v in_o this_o mixture_n the_o tinged_a spirit_n of_o wine_n manifest_o subside_v about_o 2_o 10_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n though_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o salt_n lie_v undissolved_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n and_o when_o the_o liquor_n will_v descend_v no_o further_o we_o add_v to_o the_o solution_n strong_a spirit_n of_o nitre_n till_o it_o will_v no_o long_o make_v a_o manifest_a conflict_n with_o the_o salt_n and_o then_o we_o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o conflict_n last_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n rise_v above_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o the_o station_n it_o stand_v at_o before_o the_o figure_n of_o this_o salt_n may_v be_v either_o consider_v in_o reference_n to_o single_a grain_n or_o a_o aggregate_v of_o they_o when_o they_o be_v raise_v and_o sublime_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o may_v be_v best_a observe_v when_o they_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o be_v set_v to_o receive_v they_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o operation_n one_o may_v observe_v the_o little_a saline_a concretion_n to_o lie_v in_o row_n sometime_o straight_o enough_o and_o sometime_o more_o or_o less_o crooked_a with_o different_a cohering_n and_o interfering_n so_o that_o they_o sometime_o represent_v either_o tree_n or_o their_o branch_n or_o hartshorn_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v casual_a figuration_n depend_v on_o several_a accidental_a cause_n and_o circumstance_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o fire_n make_v use_v of_o to_o sublime_a the_o salt_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ascend_a matter_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n that_o receive_v it_o and_o the_o like_a diversity_n of_o configuration_n i_o have_v observe_v among_o the_o salt_n of_o other_o volatile_a salt_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o human_a blood_n and_o as_o for_o the_o single_a grain_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o human_a blood_n i_o discover_v a_o good_a many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v fine_o shape_v but_o whether_o they_o be_v accidental_a or_o not_o experience_n must_v determine_v but_o these_o figure_n be_v
high_a octob._n 16._o 77._o three_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 30_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v much_o octob._n 18._o it_o be_v not_o a_o inch_n high_a jan._n 2._o 18._o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o full_a and_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v pour_v out_o produce_v bubble_n in_o some_o turpentine_n about_o the_o orifice_n which_o break_v outward_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o hinder_v it_o see_v the_o ii_o viii_o and_o fourteen_o exp._n art_n ii_o experiment_n vii_o july_n 19_o 78._o mu_o express_v must_v from_o must_v bruise_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v 10_o month_n old_a the_o 21._o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o high_o 23._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n 24._o raise_v 5_o inch_n 25._o in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v 104_o in_o the_o evening_n 137_o and_o the_o must_v make_v its_o way_n out_o 26._o more_o must_v get_v out_o the_o air_n be_v further_o expanded_a but_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n 27._o the_o screw_n be_v leave_v open_a half_o the_o must_v get_v out_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o keep_v grape_n for_o some_o time_n their_o fermentative_a virtue_n become_v more_o powerful_a experiment_n viii_o jan._n 30._o boil_a apple_n be_v put_v into_o receiver_n apple_n from_o boil_a apple_n with_o and_o without_o sugar_n they_o both_o present_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o air._n jan._n 31._o raw_n apple_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o receiver_n in_o one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v a_o three_o part_n of_o sugar_n and_o the_o other_o without_o feb._n 10._o the_o former_a have_v yield_v some_o air._n feb._n 14._o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o inch_n those_o which_o be_v boil_a raise_v it_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n we_o have_v no_o air_n generate_v feb._n 18._o in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v enclose_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 56_o inch_n the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 3._o the_o raw_a apple_n have_v yield_v little_a but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v almost_o full_a the_o apple_n be_v very_o little_o ferment_v but_o of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a taste_n feb._n 21._o the_o cover_n be_v break_v and_o the_o apple_n and_o sugar_n have_v lose_v some_o of_o their_o juice_n but_o they_o be_v not_o rot_a march_v 1_o in_o the_o great_a receiver_n in_o which_o raw_a apple_n be_v shut_v up_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n in_o the_o little_a one_o not_o above_o 7._o where_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v raise_v 9_o inch_n march_n 8._o in_o the_o large_a one_o it_o be_v 29._o in_o the_o less_o 22_o ½_n that_o where_o the_o boil_a apple_n be_v stay_v at_o 9_o inch_n march_n 17._o some_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o the_o large_a receiver_n in_o the_o less_o the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 67_o inch_n and_o the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sugar_n and_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crudity_n of_o the_o fruit_n contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o air._n article_n ii_o several_a way_n to_o hinder_v the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n i._n decemb._n 20._o 78._o dough_n make_v without_o leaven_n dough._n from_o dough._n but_o with_o the_o same_o meal_n with_o breadcorn_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o fire_n keep_v it_o warm_a than_o at_o midsummer_n in_o 10_o hour_n it_o yield_v no_o air_n so_o that_o if_o doughty_n be_v once_o too_o cold_a it_o hinder_v its_o fermentation_n for_o the_o future_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o doughty_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n present_o generate_v air._n experiment_n ii_o may_v 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o doughty_n leaven_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 50_o ounce_n of_o water_n i_o put_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o it_o may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v three_o inch_n high_a may_v 26._o the_o change_n be_v small_a may_v 27._o none_o at_o all_o may_v 29._o none_o at_o all_o june_n 2._o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a june_n 14._o not_o at_o all_o decemb._n 14._o be_v take_v out_o it_o smell_v subacid_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o empty_a receiver_n it_o swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v up_o twice_o as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o with_o a_o gentle_a ebullition_n may_v 23._o the_o same_o quantity_n be_v of_o doughty_n shut_v up_o without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v 19_o ½_n inch_n high_a may_v 26._o it_o be_v height_n be_v 38._o may_v 27._o no_o alteration_n decemb._n 14._o it_o continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o dough_n smell_v subacid_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prevent_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n experiment_n iii_o august_n 29._o pear_n pear_n from_o pear_n and_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n fill_v with_o water_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o be_v all_o make_v like_o a_o pultis_fw-la for_o consistence_n aug._n 30._o in_o 24_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a aug._n 31._o it_o remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 1._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 27_o inch_n sept._n 2._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_o sept._n 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 17_o digit_n high_o the_o height_n be_v 52_o inch_n sept._n 4._o the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o 7_o inch_n further_o rest_v at_o 59_o inch_n sept._n 5._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a tube_n be_v 64_o inch_n and_o a_o pear_n break_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v turn_v black_n sept._n 6._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n and_o ¼_n high_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a sept._n 7._o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n low_a and_o rest_v again_o at_o 64_o inch_n sept._n 8._o this_o day_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 58_o inch_n sept._n 9_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o 3_o digit_n high_o again_o and_o be_v suspend_v at_o 67_o digit_n sept._n 10._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 69_o inch_n sept._n 11._o it_o descend_v to_o 67_o digit_n again_o the_o night_n be_v very_o cold_a sept._n 12._o no_o alteration_n happen_v at_o all_o sept._n 13._o it_o subside_v further_o to_o 64_o digit_n the_o cold_a be_v sharp_a sept._n 14._o it_o be_v 70_o digit_n high_a sept._n 16._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o sept._n 19_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 20._o it_o be_v raise_v again_o to_o 71._o sept._n 23._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o octob._n 1_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o again_o to_o 75_o digit_n octob._n 3_o on_o the_o 2_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n to_o day_n it_o stand_v at_o 70_o the_o wether_n be_v exceed_o cold_a octob._n yesterday_o the_o mercury_n remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n but_o this_o day_n be_v rainy_n it_o rise_v again_o to_o 75._o octob._n 7._o the_o wether_n be_v the_o same_o the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n octob._n 10._o this_o day_n it_o subside_v to_o 69_o inch_n the_o rainy_n weather_n continue_v octob._n 12._o to_o day_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o 65_o inch_n cold_a wether_n come_v on_o again_o octob._n 13._o it_o be_v 64_o inch_n high_a octob._n 14_o it_o be_v 69_o digit_n high_a octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a octob._n 24_o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n the_o season_n be_v cold_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 64._o the_o cold_a more_o violent_a nou._n 5._o the_o mercury_n be_v 80_o ½_n inch_n high_a the_o cold_a more_o moderate_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 65_o inch_n high_a it_o be_v sharp_a frosty_a wether_n nou._n 27._o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n high_a a_o thaw_v come_v on_o dec._n 6._o it_o be_v 61_o inch_n high_a the_o wether_n be_v very_o frosty_a from_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o fruit_n yield_v not_o air_n plentiful_o when_o violent_o compress_v in_o the_o air_n the_o air_n afford_v when_o they_o be_v compress_v not_o be_v ⅛_n of_o what_o they_o yield_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n but_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v concur_v to_o hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n will_v be_v evident_a from_o the_o follow_a
be_v firm_a than_o before_o their_o taste_n and_o smell_v discover_v they_o to_o be_v mouldy_a factitious_a air._n septemb_n 10._o 77._o have_v include_v 2_o ounce_n of_o unripe_a grape_n in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 8_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o as_o much_o of_o factitious_a air_n of_o pear_n as_o sustain_v a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o 10_o digit_n sept._n 11._o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 8_o digit_n sept._n 12._o it_o ascend_v 3_o inch_n sept._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o sept._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o sept._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept_n 17._o it_o be_v sustain_v at_o 28_o inch_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o grape_n be_v turn_v yellow_a sept._n 18_o it_o be_v 29_o sept._n 19_o it_o be_v 30_o sept._n 20_o it_o be_v 31_o sept._n 21_o it_o be_v 33_o sept._n 23_o it_o be_v 35_o sept._n 24_o it_o be_v 20_o some_o air_n get_v out_o the_o grape_n be_v yellow_a sept._n 24_o it_o be_v 21_o sept._n 25_o it_o be_v 22_o sept._n 26_o little_a variation_n sept._n 27_o it_o be_v 22_o sept._n 29_o it_o be_v 27_o sept._n 30_o it_o be_v 28_o oct._n 1_o &_o 2_o it_o be_v 28_o oct._n 5_o it_o be_v 30_o oct._n 6_o it_o be_v 31_o oct._n 10_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n oct._n 13_o it_o be_v 31_o nou._n 9_o it_o be_v 13._o some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o nou._n 19_o it_o be_v 29_o inch_n high_a dec._n 20._o the_o grape_n have_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o firmness_n the_o taste_n and_o smell_v be_v not_o less_o grateful_a than_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o firmness_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o exhalation_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o it_o hence_o likewise_o appear_v that_o factitious_a air_n may_v preserve_v the_o taste_n though_o it_o cause_v a_o change_n in_o colour_n experiment_n iu._n july_n 18._o have_v enclose_v two_o piece_n of_o orange_n orange_n artificial_a air_n from_o orange_n the_o one_o with_o common_a air_n and_o add_v as_o much_o factitious_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o bear_v up_o 12_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n and_o the_o other_o without_o any_o addition_n to_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n july_n 20._o the_o latter_a seem_v mouldy_a the_o other_o not_o appear_v to_o have_v undergo_v any_o change_n july_n 23._o the_o orange_n contain_v in_o the_o factitious_a air_n be_v unaltered_a the_o mouldiness_n of_o the_o other_o be_v increase_v july_n 26._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n seem_v putrid_a as_o likewise_o the_o other_o do_v but_o without_o mouldiness_n august_n 1_o no_o far_o alteration_n appear_v in_o the_o orange_n i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n which_o hold_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_a be_v well_o taste_v and_o firm_a only_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rind_n have_v lose_v a_o little_a juice_n that_o in_o the_o other_o reciver_n seem_v rot_a except_o the_o rind_n it_o may_v be_v here_o observe_v that_o factitious_a air_n of_o the_o cherry_n have_v different_a effect_n on_o several_a fruit_n experiment_n v._n factitious_a air._n july_n 20._o 76._o beef_n artificial_a air_n from_o beef_n have_v compress_v air_n make_v of_o cherry_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o beef_n so_o that_o it_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n 27_o inch_n high_a july_n 21_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 22_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 23_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 25_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a change_n in_o the_o height_n of_o it_o july_n 26_o the_o receiver_n and_o cover_n be_v separate_v the_o flesh_n stink_v common_a air._n july_n 20._o 76._o beef_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o common_a air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v july_n 21_o 0_o july_n 22_o 1_o inch._n july_n 23_o 5_o ½_n july_n 25_o 9_o ½_n july_n 26_o 14_o ½_n towards_o night_n 18._o july_n 27_o 21_o ½_n towards_o night_n 25._o july_n 28_o the_o air_n get_v out_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o from_o flesh_n experiment_n vi._n common_a air._n march_n 14._o 76._o onion_n artificial_a air_n from_o onion_n two_o onion_n be_v enclose_v with_o common_a air_n in_o a_o receiver_n march_n 28._o the_o mercury_n on_o the_o sixteenth_o be_v depress_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n but_o after_o be_v buoy_v up_o 2_o ¼_n and_o the_o air_n get_v out_o the_o length_n of_o the_o root_n be_v increase_v april_n 28._o they_o be_v putrify_v and_o corrupt_v may_v 9_o the_o mercury_n neither_o ascend_v nor_o subside_v but_o the_o root_n be_v putrify_v factitious_a air._n march_n 17._o 76._o onion_n be_v include_v with_o air_n obtain_v from_o paste_n march_n 28._o they_o take_v root_n just_a as_o they_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air._n april_n 28._o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o root_n begin_v to_o putrify_v perhaps_o because_o the_o artificial_a air_n may_v be_v moist_a the_o mercury_n ascend_v 9_o or_o 10_o inch_n may._n 18._o one_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o corrupt_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o vegetation_n be_v not_o hinder_v by_o artificial_a air_n and_o it_o likewise_o appear_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v increase_v experiment_n vii_o common_a air._n august_n 25._o grape_n artificial_a air_n from_o grape_n fix_v ounce_n of_o grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n aug._n 26_o it_o be_v ascent_n scarce_o discernible_a aug._n 27_o 1_o inch._n aug._n 28_o it_o be_v height_n be_v 1_o ¼_n aug._n 29_o it_o be_v height_n be_v 1_o ¼_n aug._n 30._o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o little_a the_o grape_n be_v not_o equal_o alter_v as_o in_o artificial_a air_n of_o pear_n aug._n 31._o the_o grape_n be_v open_a to_o the_o atmosphere_n septemb_n 7._o their_o pungent_a taste_n be_v something_o abate_v though_o they_o retain_v their_o colour_n factitious_a air._n aug._n 25._o two_o ounce_n of_o grape_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 8_o ½_n of_o water_n so_o much_o air_n of_o pear_n be_v thrust_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n aug._n 26._o some_o air_n get_v out_o a_o supply_n be_v add_v which_o raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o 17_o inch_n high_a aug._n 27._o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o less_o than_o 16_o inch_n towards_o night_n it_o ascend_v again_o to_o 17_o inch_n aug._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 19_o aug._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 21_o aug._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 22_o aug._n 31_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o ½_n sept._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 24_o sept._n and_o 4_o they_o acquire_v a_o yellowness_n sept._n 5._o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 7._o the_o grape_n be_v insipid_a and_o of_o a_o ungrateful_a taste_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v argue_v for_o the_o power_n of_o artificial_a air_n in_o change_a colour_n it_o promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n and_o preserve_v taste_n experiment_n viii_o factitious_a air._n aug._n 2.76_o gillyflower_n artificial_a air_n from_o gillyflower_n a_o gillyflower_n be_v enclose_v with_o air_n of_o paste_n in_o a_o receiver_n aug._n 4._o it_o be_v moist_a and_o alter_v its_o colour_n aug._n 9_o it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v aug._n 12._o their_o moistness_n increase_v gradual_o without_o mouldiness_n aug._n 31._o it_o be_v not_o so_o fresh_a as_o those_o in_o vacuo_fw-la aug._n 2._o common_a air._n be_v enclose_v with_o common_a air._n aug._n 4._o it_o be_v unaltered_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v wet_a and_o almost_o colourless_a aug._n 12._o it_o be_v very_o mouldy_a aug._n 4._o vacuum_n two_o gillyflower_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuum_n aug._n 4._o they_o seem_v moist_a but_o in_o a_o year_n after_o undergo_v no_o alteration_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o factitious_a air_n render_v colour_n more_o subject_a to_o change_v experiment_n ix_o common_a air._n july_n 24._o plum_n artificial_a air_n from_o apricock_n and_o plum_n a_o pricock_n and_o plum_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n july_n 28._o there_o be_v no_o change_n in_o the_o fruit_n but_o that_o one_o plum_n which_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n be_v a_o little_a mouldy_a aug._n 11._o the_o colour_n taste_n and_o consistence_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v all_o very_a acceptable_a july_n 24._o artificial_a air._n the_o same_o ingredient_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o keep_v a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n up_o to_o 22_o inch_n july_n 25._o it_o subside_v 3_o inch_n and_o rise_v to_o 22_o again-towards_a night_n july_n 26_o it_o rise_v 28_o july_n 27_o it_o
rise_v 34_o ½_n july_n 28_o it_o rise_v 36_o july_n 29_o it_o rise_v 40_o july_n 30_o it_o rise_v 44_o foot_n high_a those_o apricock_n which_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n be_v moist_a and_o begin_v to_o dissolve_v in_o water_n july_n 31_o the_o height_n be_v 51_o aug._n 1_o the_o height_n be_v 60_o aug._n 2_o it_o be_v 65_o foot_n high_a the_o fruit_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o grateful_a taste_n and_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n very_o soft_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o air_n of_o cherry_n hasten_v alteration_n in_o colour_n and_o firmness_n in_o apricock_n experiment_n x._o july_n 30._o plum_n cut_v in_o piece_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la and_o likewise_o with_o common_a air_n and_o in_o another_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n of_o gooseberry_n aug._n 2._o in_o the_o latter_a they_o be_v unaltered_a in_o common_a air_n they_o grow_v mouldy_a in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o become_v soft_a aug._n 5._o in_o the_o artificial_a air_n they_o become_v red_a soft_a and_o moist_a in_o common_a air_n black_a and_o mouldy_a yet_o firm_a in_o vacuo_fw-la they_o be_v near_o a_o dissolution_n august_n 7._o they_o become_v soft_a in_o common_a air._n august_n 8._o they_o become_v red_a instead_o of_o black_a artificial_a air_n seem_v to_o promote_v alteration_n experiment_n xi_o sept._n 24._o receiver_n peach_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n five_o peach_n be_v close_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o artificial_a air_n of_o grape_n together_o with_o common_a air._n sept._n 25_o the_o mercury_n be_v 21_o inch_n high_a sept._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o sept._n 27_o it_o rise_v to_o 31_o sept._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 39_o sept._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 42_o sept._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o oct._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o oct._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 48_o oct._n 3_o it_o rise_v to_o 52_o ½_n oct._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 52_o ½_n the_o peach_n be_v wet_a oct._n 6_o it_o rise_v to_o 58_o oct._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 58_o oct._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o oct._n 11_o a_o little_a high_o oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v to_o 95_o oct._n 25_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o very_o cold._a the_o cold_a abate_n it_o ascend_v oct._n 27_o oct._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o â—_o â—_o nou._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 59_o very_o cold._a nou._n 6_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o a_o thaw_v nou._n 7_o a_o little_a high_o nou._n 9_o at_o the_o same_o height_n nou._n 9_o in_o a_o month_n it_o gradual_o ascend_v to_o 8_o inch_n april_n 1_o it_o be_v 96._o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_a as_o the_o air_n break_v out_o it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n their_o taste_n and_o colour_n be_v good_a the_o consistence_n of_o they_o be_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v boil_v and_o in_o three_o hour_n time_n they_o be_v rot_a body_n corrupt_v less_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o factitious_a and_o common_a air_n than_o in_o the_o latter_a itself_o experiment_n xii_o august_n 4._o receiver_n pear_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n four_o piece_n of_o pear_n be_v close_v with_o common_a air_n in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 6._o the_o colour_n of_o this_o fruit_n be_v equal_o alter_v as_o of_o other_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o august_n 7._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a the_o alteration_n in_o the_o pear_n be_v small_a august_n 8._o they_o be_v very_o little_o alter_v the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v 4_o inch_n august_n 9_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n aug._n 10_o it_o rise_v to_o 6_o aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o aug._n 4_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o the_o pear_n grow_v soft_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 21_o aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o aug._n 17_o air_n get_v out_o aug._n 8_o the_o air_n be_v get_v out_o and_o the_o fruit_n take_v out_o it_o be_v rot_v august_n 4._o other_o piece_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v shut_v up_o with_o as_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n as_o sustain_v 23_o digit_n of_o mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n august_n 6._o the_o colour_n of_o they_o be_v a_o little_a alter_v august_n 7._o they_o be_v almost_o all_o rot_a the_o mercury_n neither_o subside_v nor_o ascend_v august_n 8._o they_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v august_n 10._o they_o gradual_o become_v soft_a the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 40_o digit_n aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 51_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 61_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 67_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 73_o aug._n 16_o it_o rise_v to_o it_o descend_v though_o no_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o august_n 17._o the_o mercury_n be_v 67_o digit_n high_a no_o air_n get_v out_o august_n 18._o the_o mercury_n subside_v not_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v acid_n and_o their_o substance_n very_o soft_a the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n likewise_o smell_v very_o sharp_a august_n 4._o 77._o piece_n of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 6._o they_o alter_v their_o colour_n august_n 7._o a_o piece_n of_o a_o pear_n become_v soft_a and_o another_o in_o artificial_a air_n be_v putrid_a the_o day_n before_o august_n 8._o they_o be_v all_o soft_a and_o one_o be_v mouldy_a august_n 9_o their_o rottenness_n gradual_o increase_v august_n 11._o they_o be_v altogether_o rot_a and_o mucid_a from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o former_a it_o appear_v that_o rottenness_n be_v equal_o promote_v in_o include_v and_o open_a air_n though_o much_o fast_o carry_v on_o in_o the_o latter_a august_n 4._o 77._o several_a piece_n of_o pear_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la august_n 6_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v 5_o digit_n aug._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 8_o aug._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 10_o aug._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 12_o aug._n 10_o it_o rise_v to_o 14_o aug._n 11_o it_o rise_v to_o 16_o aug._n 13_o it_o rise_v to_o 20_o aug._n 14_o it_o rise_v to_o 23_o aug._n 15_o it_o rise_v to_o 25_o aug._n 17_o it_o rise_v to_o 28_o august_n 20._o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o change_v till_o to_o day_n when_o be_v soft_a the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n august_n 26._o all_o thing_n remain_v as_o before_o from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o apt_a artificial_a air_n be_v to_o soften_v fruit._n experiment_n xiii_o august_n 21._o 77._o receiver_n apricock_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n six_o apricock_n be_v divide_v into_o quarter_n one_o piece_n of_o each_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n august_n 22._o they_o seem_v riper_n august_n 23._o one_o piece_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n acquire_v mouldiness_n the_o other_o beginning_n to_o putrify_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v a_o little_a august_n 24._o those_o next_o the_o water_n be_v not_o only_o mouldy_a but_o all_o rot_a august_n 25._o putrefaction_n gradual_o become_v great_a the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 7_o inch_n aug._n 26_o it_o rise_v to_o 15_o aug._n 28_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o aug._n 29_o it_o rise_v to_o 30_o the_o fruit_n be_v almost_o dissolve_v aug._n 30_o it_o rise_v to_o 33_o aug._n 31_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 1_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 2_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o sept._n 3_o it_o rise_v to_o 38_o †_o a_o little_a sept._n 4_o it_o rise_v to_o 41_o sept._n 5_o it_o rise_v to_o 43_o sept._n 7_o it_o rise_v to_o 45_o sept._n 8_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o sept._n 9_o it_o rise_v to_o 46_o sept._n 22._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n vary_v little_a the_o fruit_n be_v almost_o dissolve_v octob._n 1_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n which_o remain_v undissolve_v be_v subacid_a and_o grateful_a the_o mercury_n then_o stand_v about_o 46_o inch_n high_a august_n 21._o 77._o a_o quarter_n of_o each_o of_o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v place_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v not_o sufficient_o guard_v from_o the_o outward_a air_n august_n 22._o they_o become_v as_o flaccid_a as_o if_o they_o be_v wither_v august_n 23._o many_o be_v rot_a and_o mouldy_a august_n 24._o they_o be_v whole_o putrify_v august_n 21._o a_o quarter_n of_o each_o of_o the_o apricock_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o artificial_a air_n from_o pear_n add_v as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 20_o inch_n august_n 22._o the_o mercury_n stand_v still_o but_o become_v riper_n than_o those_o in_o open_a air._n august_n 23._o the_o alteration_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o in_o common_a air._n august_n 24._o they_o be_v unaltered_a august_n 25._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n but_o the_o quantity_n be_v not_o discernible_a august_n 26._o they_o undergo_v no_o considerable_a change_n august_n 28._o they_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o little_a moist_a yet_o the_o alteration_n they_o undergo_v be_v not_o