the lakes pools and ditches are full of water and that pure through the plenty of rain which fell in the winter Besides it would be impossible to preserve for the whole year water enough in the summer when there fals but little rain and that not lasting many hours And experience teaches us this at Monspeliers where they use much rain-rain-water and preserve it in the spring and winter that that is best which hath all the properties above mentioned especially for the boyling of pulse whereby they grow extremely soft when as in other waters they retain a hardnesse though for a longer time boyl'd Well-water is thick and heavy so that it sticks in the bowels and begets obstructions yet there 's a great difference between well-waters so that some do contend in goodnesse with the fountain that is if they have the following properties if they have fountains of good water near them for you may then imagine that they borrow their waters thence 2. If they be drawn out of deep wells for such are hot in the winter and cold in the summer and lesse liable to external injuries 3. If the sun do freely come at them For the light of the sun doth purifie them and communicates to them a certain vital spirit 4. If they be often moved and exhausted for by that they are made thin and putrefie lesse 5. If they be well and often made clean 6. If they are remote from privies and dunghils whence they may derive any evil quality Those which have contrary qualities are to be accounted noxious For those which are not deep unlesse they arrive from some fountain are liable to all external injuries they freez in winter are hot in summer like standing pools If they be shut up under roofs they are depriv'd of the light of the sun and are defiled with a slimy muck If they be unmov'd they grow thick remain raw contract putrefaction offend the stomack pass difficultly and hurt the bowels If they are near dunghils and privies they become tainted with an ill smell and savour River-waters contend with well waters for goodnesse and are sometimes to be preferred before them sometimes not so well to be esteemed of But there is great variety in river waters for those are best which are sweet and clear and drawn out of swift and rapid streams and which flow in good grounds and in a temperate region but those are bad which are drawn out of still muddy and troubled rivers or out of great and running streams which receive the filth of sinks kitchings and privies Hence rivers that run by the walls of great cities have much filthinesse in them and generate many diseases unlesse this caution be used that the places destin'd for the drawing of water be there only where no filth or excrement is cast in For otherwise if the water which runs by a City be us'd it is very unwholsome This caution also is to be observed in the use of river-water that it be kept in cisterns for some daies for it settles and all the terrestrial and muddy parts sink down to the bottom The water of standing pools and lakes is the worst of all for by reason they have but little motion they soon putrefie they are thick raw and sometimes pestilent and malignant Snow water also and ice-ice-water are very bad for while they are congeal'd by the cold the more thin parts exhale forth besides they have an extraordinary coldnesse that hurts the stomack which is to be also understood of snow and ice-ice-water preposterously used for though young and strong men do not presently perceive the mischief as they grow old they finde it and it brings them into various diseases of the joynts bowels and nervous parts With us it is in this age now in fashion to drink snow and ice-water to cool themselves and not a few refrigerate their wine therewith Which custome is much disputed about not only among the Physitians but also among the vulgar some praising other condemning it Since therefore we have so fit an occasion to speak our opinion we shall accordingly set down our judgement therein First in the Theorem we have already condemn'd the drinking of water cold with snow but with this addition if it be preposterously used which must be accurately explained for first of all that sort of drink is so cold being generally considered that it seems to be absolutely condemned according to the opinion of Hipp. Aph. 51. sect 1. to empty or fill much or suddenly to heat or cool or any other way to disturb the body is dangerous for every excesse is an enemy to nature but what is done by degrees is safe Therefore when the body in the heat of summer is extraordinarily hot to cool it suddenly with that icy drink seems very dangerous the effect of this danger may be confirm'd by the many examples of those who by using this drink have fell into terrible diseases not a few of which we have seen and cured On the other side they are infinite who extoll this drink to the skies confirming their opinion both by reason and experience The first reason is taken hence that our natural heat uses violently to be opposed and extinguished by two great enemies the cold extinguishing and the heat dissipating which makes our bodies in the vehement heat of summer to be languid and faint the hot air as it were inflaming the parts of our body and dissolving their heat which dissolution cannot be hindred but by the taking and applying of refrigerating things And therefore as in all ages baths and swimming in cold water have been conveniently us'd to temper this heat of the body so also cold drink inwardly taken produceth the same effects Secondly drink is necessary to restore the natural moisture which is continually consumed and dissipated by the natural heat but drink as being moist performs that work yet if heat were joyned with this moisture it would forward the resolution of the moisture and therefore generally men desire cold drink in the very winter time to temper that internal heat and stop the resolution But it is much more necessary in the summer time when there is a great dissipation of the moisture through the intense heat of the bowels Lastly the coldest drink us'd in the summer is best as appears by the testimony of many men who affirm that they have been freed from many diseases by drinking water cold with ice or snow Also in Spain and Italy from the time that this drink came in use malign and pestilent Feavers are lesse common in the summer then formerly But our opinion is this First there is no doubt but that drink moderately cold is most convenient for all men And therefore it hath been an old custome for men to preserve their Wine in cellars under ground for their use in summer and to draw water out of the deepest wells if they be good and to mix them in their Wine if not good to
and sweet Oyle pressed out of ripe Olives is moderately hot and moist it mollifies loosens asswages tempers all acrimony kills worms and resists poyson Sugar is hot and dry in the first degree it expels putrefaction cleanses and therefore helps the stomack because it carries away the flegm thereof but if the stomack be full of choler it is hurtful by reason that it soon turns into choler It is good for the reins and bladder by cleansing them from gravel and slimy flegm it cleanses the breast loosens the belly nourishes very much but the too often use thereof begets obstructions as all sweet things which the Liver speedily drawes to it self and with it the other meats before they are concocted it hurts the teeth for it blacks and rots them and therefore after eating thereof the mouth is to be washed CHAP. XXIII Of Hony HOny is hot and dry in the second degree yet there is some difference in respect of the places where the Bees gather it That is hotter and dryer which is made in hotter places stored with Thyme Lavender Rosemary and other Aromatical herbs but in cold Countreys where these herbs are not it is lesse hot In general that which is yellow is hotter then the white And our senses do tell us that some is more sweet then others some sharper and consequently of greater force and vertues It cleanses loosens provokes urine heals the cough and resists rottennesse So that horary fruits if they be preserved in Hony though there be nothing that rots sooner keeps unputrefied for many years It is good for old folks and people of moist tempers and in the winter time hurtful to young cholerick stomachs and in the summer It is good against the Stone Asthma's and other affections of the Lungs It nourishes little it refreshes the strength of body and minde recreates the senses and makes them more acute We thought good to explain the nature and vertues of Hony in a particular Chapter both because of the excellency thereof as also because it is not so much to be reckoned among sauces as meats themselves And lastly because Galen writes that the nature of Hony is different from that of Plants and Animals The excellency thereof is confirmed by many authorities and examples For Plinie calleth Hony divine Nectar And again in imitation of Aristeus he saith that Hony is none of the meanest advantages to humane life But that it was in very much use among the Ancients and availed much to the preservation of health there are many Histories to confirm Pythagoras so saith Laertius liv'd frugally contented many times with nothing but Hony and lived to the 90th year and he affirmed that those might live without diseases who used much Hony Athenaeus relates that the diet of the Pythagoreans was bread and Hony Gal. 5. de san tuend c. 4. relates the story of Antiochus a Physitian and Telephus a Grammarian of which the first was wont to eat every day at the third hour bread and Hony seldome raw oftenest boyl'd and with other diet set down there he exceeded fourscore years The last for his breakfast eat raw Hony with Rice boyled in water and lived above 100. years Plin. l. 12. c. 24. relates of Pollion who exceeded 100 years that when the Emperor asked him how he did to prolong his daies to that age answered by using Oyl without and Hony within which he learnt from Democritus who being asked how a man might live in health answered If he oyl his outside and use Hony inwardly The same Democritus being in his old age weary of his life endevoured to end his daies by abstaining from nourishment But at the feast of Ceres the women importuning him not to sadden the house at such a time of general mirth he caused a vessell of Hony to be brought him and meerly by the vapour thereof sustained his life for some daies Atheneus writes that the Cyrntans who inhabited Corsica were therefore long liv'd because they fed much upon Hony of which there was great plenty in that place Lastly the excellency of Hony is confirmed by the testimony of sacred Scripture where speaking of John the Baptist it saith He shall eat Hony and Butter that he may know to choose the good and reject the evil For good humours being generated by Hony and out of good humours good spirits which are the causes of all the actions of the body and brain it follows that the use thereof increases the wit and understanding the operation whereof consists in perfect knowing The nature of Honey is secret enough it being uncertain under what head and order of things to reduce it Galen having also written that the nature thereof is different from all plants and animals and Authors differ much about this matter some saying that it proceeds simply and purely from the air and that it is gathered by the Bees for food and carried into their hives other affirming that it is collected by the Bees from the juice of plants The first opinion is held by Aristotle Galen and divers others and experience tels us that in Countreys abounding with Hony in the spring time and in the morning the leaves are to be seen all covered with a dew falling down from the air Therefore Hony is a certain airy and fat dew proceeding from certain fat vapours ascending from the earth and condens'd in the air which is gathered by the Bees from off the flowers and leaves of plants and reserved in their hives for food Yet there remains a doubt whether any Hony can be generated from the juice of flowers when as it is without doubt that wax is made by the Bees out of the juice of herbs which having so great a likenesse with Hony it is not unlikely that Hony is generated out of the same juices when there is no dew this is most certain that Hony hath a resemblance with the vertues of those plants out of which it is collected So that which is gathered from Thyme smels of Thyme that which is made in Sardinia where there is plenty of Wormwood is bitter in Pontus it is poyson because of the abundance of Rhododendron which growes there But the vertues of the plants may be easily communicated to the Hony while it lies and sticks to them That Hony is the best which is of a yellow colour sweet savour having neither the taste nor smell of the flowers yet pleasant to the palat Yet the white Hony such as is that of Narbon and Attica is more excellent for nourishment by reason that it is the more temperate yet the yellow is to be preferred in medicines But all Hony is the nourishment of medicines because it doth not only perfectly nourish as being most perfect and incorruptible and free from excrements but also because it warms the body cleanses the stomack and guts from the flegm that sticks to them and loosens the belly and affords not a few other benefits to the body Hony gathered
mortal as also is said in the Prognost and many are killed in a short time of sickness and who ever of them escape they have a long time of sickness the disposition requiring a great concoction where such water is made So Hipp. in 1. Epid. Aegr 2. also declares His urine was copious the sediment was thick a white sediment like thick flour white his extreme parts were cold and on the eleventh day he dyed But in 3. Epid. Sect. 1. Aegr 3. he saith of the man that lay in the garden of Dealces his urines were thin variously coloured having various sediments like thick flour This man he relates to have been judged on the fourtieth day It is therefore manifest by these examples that whoever they be that void urine like to a thicker sort of meal if they may be saved yet it is long before they escape But whoever they are that are thus mortally affected they perish immediately Those are floury urines in which the sediment appears at the bottome of the urine like purulency and they are very dangerous as I have often experienced A shattered and unequal sediment in the urine is naught For it signifies crudity which if it remain in the same condition so that the sediment do not change for the better in the progress of the disease it shews that nature cannot overcome the matter causing the disease but if it do daily mend there is hopes of solution though it may be something long first A thin sediment in the beginning of a disease which in the progress of the malady thickens daily by degrees is good For it shews that nature endeavoured a concoction at the beginning and doth daily labour to bring its work to perfection A thick sediment appearing in any time of the disease is evil Those sediments are caused by thick and crude humors which being mixed with the urine separate themselves from the water and by reason of the heaviness sink down to the bottome of the chamberpot Now because those thick and crude humors are very hard to be overcome by nature therefore they do threaten much danger especially if the strength of the body be decayed but if there be any strength of nature they do onely signifie a prolongation of the disease these crude and thick humors setling at the bottome of the chamberpot may deceive a young Physician who may perhaps think them to be a good and true settlement and therefore they are to be exactly distinguished from them And first those crude and thick humors usually appear at the beginning of a disease but the good and true settlement never till the declination thereof And it happens that after the beginning of the disease that thin and crude humor being attenuated there appears no more settlement in the bottome but onely in the place thereof a cloud or matter hanging in the middle thereof which as the concoction proceeds falls down daily from the upper part of the chamberpot to the lower parts which is the true sign of concoction when the cloud changes into that matter which hangs in the middle of the pot and is called Enaeorema and the Enaeorema into the fediment but on the other side when the settlement changes into the Enaeorema or cloud that sediment was not laudable but a crude and thick humor which was afterwards attenuated by concoction Secondly this crude humor doth not stick close together neither is it altogether smooth and equal but slimie and over thick But the laudable sediment is smooth equal and moderately thick Lastly this crude humor is heavier and resides altogether to the bottom of the chamberpot but a good sediment doth not close but rather rest on the bottom being a little raised from it and as it were gathered into a kind of globe which the crude humor doth not do but remains a little more diffused and scattered When any one seems rid of a disease yet makes discoloured waters with a sediment very white like snow he dyes of a relapse as Dr. Pachecus observes Black or blew sediments in urine are worst of all And that for the reasons which were told before where we treated of black urine A shattered unequal and black matter hanging in the middle is bad A sediment endued with these qualities hath been shewed before to be evil all other things contained in the urine are bad for the same reasons though less evil then a sediment A little cloud at the top of the urine appearing in the form of a circle is evil in acute diseases For it signifies an approching Phrensie and after that death Oily urines wherein do swim little fat things like cobwebs are evil Hipp. 2. progn For it shews a mighty heat that melts the fat which is in the reins and the whole body Now how you may know whether this colliquation proceed from thereins or from the whole body Hippocrates teaches Aph. 35. Sect. 7. in these words Those who have a close fat swimming on the top of their urine have an acute evil in their veins By an acute evil he means a hot distemper which causes as it were little heaps of fat in the water for there is a great quantity of fat heaped up about the reins and from thence there is a short and quick way for the coming forth of the urine so that that which is melted sticks not much by the way Therefore if the fat come forth in lumps it proceeds from an acute evil in the veins but if not in lumps but like cobwebs it shews a consumption of the fat through the whole body Of this oily urine there is an example in Hippocrates 1 Epid. Aegr 11. in the wife of Dromeada from whom on the fourth day there came thin and oily urine on the fifth day the same but the sixth day she dyed Also in 3. Epid. Sect. 3. Aegr 1. in the son of Parion who the seventh day voided oily water and on the hundred and twentieth day dyed and doubtless those urines persevered a good while which Hipp. seems to intimate in these words Urines continuing to the end are evil So Aegr 16. of the same sect A young man of Moelibea from the beginning of his disease made oily water the twentyfourth day he dyed now although these oily urines are extremely bad yet the floury slaty and branny urines are much worse as we have shewed above The manner of excretion Urines that come from the patient either unknown or not remembred are dangerous This opinion is set down in Hipp. in 1. Prorrh text 28. in these words The making of water is dangerous to parties not remembring it For either it shews that the brain is much distempered and that the patient is affected with a great phrensie or that the strength of the natural parts is extinct so that they cannot exercise their function any longer Urines in malignant and pestilent Feavers in substance colour and contents like the urine of sound people is pernicious This Hippocrates seems to intimate
before one thing is indicated but by one thing and every thing that indicates is preternatural but the nature of the part action c. are preternatural things and therefore according to the foundation above laid those do only coindicate or are correpugnant and that we may bring the minde of Galen to an exact rule we must say that he names coindicating things there not as true and proper indicating things but as things indicating secondarily for which reason they are diligently to be observed as mainly conducing to curation So the liver heart and other parts which are more excellent do not bear vehement remedies and resist the use of them so those parts which are of a cold nature while they labour with a hot affection desire remedies that cool very much when in the same affection they recede farther from the natural temper then those things which are hot In the same manner those things which are endu'd with an exquisite sense sustain not such painful medicines as the affection requires also those diseases which are deep in the body and far from the external superficies require stronger remedies then the affection it self naturally requires and the internal parts do not admit such things as have either a corroding or venemous quality which their affections do require though the externall parts can bear them How much is to be done signifies the quantity or dose of the remedy which is judged by the greatnesse of the disease or by the depravement of the natural habit more or lesse The quantity of the remedy also is taken for the degree and vehemency of the remedy but with those that are more exact the whole dose is only referred to the quantity when the degree is referred to the Genus of the remedy as is said in the former Theorem But as the disease recedes more or lesse from the natural state of the body a greater or lesse dose is to be exhibited for in a greater quantity there is a greater quality and so in a greater excesse a greater dose is to be prescribed that it may exceed the disease Things also indicating in a secondary manner conduce much to determine the quantity of the remedy which do not truly indicate but coindicate and are repugnant So the natural temper of the part indicates the quantity of the remedy according to the excesse of the distemper so the parts which are seated within the body require a greater dose of physick that the faculty thereof may be the more easily carried to the part affected so an Erysipelas in the thumb requires a greater dose of Oxycratium then one in the thigh or arm so an inflamation of many internal parts requires a greater quantity of cooling physick which may suffice to allay the heat In what manner or the way of applying remedies signifies nothing else but whether those remedies are to be applied once or twice seldom or often now this is indicated from the manner of the preternatural affection So when a disease afflicts continually and vehemently medicines are to be applied suddenly and fast If the cause of the disease swell and there be an Orgasmus if the matter be fluid and apt to run if it be well concocted then it requires a sudden evacuation but if it flowes slowly and by intervals and threatens rather a long continuance through crudity then any danger then with things that alter and purge the matter is to be altered and evacuated To indicate the manner of using the secondary Indicants do not a little conduce as far as they do coindicate or are correpugnant So strength of nature easily assents to a strong remedy but a weak habit must have gentle mutations by intervals so the thin and soft substance of the parts or which hath a more exquisite sense cannot so well endure the force of a violent remedy as the solid thick and lesse sensible Also a remote situation of the parts requires the remedy should be used often that it may at length penetrate to the part without any prejudice to parts that lie between In a noble part also a man must proceed warily and by degrees lest by the sudden alteration of the part the body should sustain greater harm When it is to be done is the convenient time and fit occasion for the administration of remedies This is double general or particular The general time is one of the four times of the disease the beginning increasing height and declination So Gal. l. de opt sect c. 37. teaches at what time cold water is to be administred whether in the beginning increase height or declination So in the beginning of inflamations the practicks teach us that in the beginning repelling medicines are to be applied in the increase resolving joyned with repelling and so of the rest The particular time for administring a remedy is the second hour of the day So Galen in the same place teaches in what day and at what hour of the day cold water is to be used so a purging medicine is to be used the sixth day or some such like in the morning Vnder the time is reduc'd the order of the remedies though some erroneously distinguish order from time and so constitute another scope in respect of that In a simple or compounded affection if more remedies are to be us'd as it most commonly happens we must observe at what time every one is to be us'd and this regards order as for example In respect of the Feaver cold water is to be drank in respect of the cause a vein is to be opened Now while there is a fit time to be prescribed for both these the order is also constituted which is to be observed in performing them The time occasion and order of remedies is indicated by the presence of the most urgent Indicant When and as often as the disease requires we must alwaies endevour against it and therefore the presence of the disease or the morbifical cause shewes the time and occasion of applying remedies but when more do urge at once we must resist the most violent But in the usurpation of these there is alwaies a regard to be had of the Coindicants and Contra-indicants For though the presence of the affection perswades the using of a remedy yet the strength and nature of every particular patient may prohibit something or other Where it is to be done shewes in what place and through what place the remedies are to be administred and is indicated by the place of the Indicant If the disease or the cause of the disease possesse the whole body remedy must be used to the whole body if it oppresse only one part remedies must be applyed to that part only if the external parts be affected the remedies must be applied outward if the internal parts be affected they are to be taken inward and if the remedy reach both waies to the part affected it may be us'd both waies To shew the place also of the remedy the
of Lettice white Poppy the 4. great cold seeds Fleabane Barly Flowers of Roses Violets Water-lillies red Poppy Juices of Limmons Granates Vinegar sowre Grapes Opium Pears Camphire Compounds Waters of Purslain Lettice Plantain Roses red Poppy Water-lilly Syrups of Violets dry Roses Poppy Conserves of Roses Violets Water-lilly Lettice Cucumers Electuaries Triasantali cold Diamargarite Confections Philonium requies Nicolai Troches of Caphura Pills of Hounds-tongue Laudanum opiaticum Chymicks Sal prunellae Spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol Externals Oyls of Violets Water-lillies Roses Caphura of sowre Grapes Unguents of Roses Poplar refrigerans Galeni Santaline Cerecloth CHAP. XIX Of Ophthalmick Medicaments OPhthalmicks are properly those which by a peculiar property corroborate the eyes and sharpen the sight called Oxydorcicks There are some secondarily related to the eyes necessary for the various affections thereof as Medicaments that ease pain repell dry digest cleanse The eyes being endued with an exquisite sense are many times much tormented with pain so that they will require great art to ease them with anodyne Medicines Sometimes they are inflamed for which in the beginning repelling medicins are very good afterwards resolving ones lastly they are afflicted with tears ulcers and other affections for which drying and cleansing medicins are most convenient all these must be exquisitely chosen because of the delicate disposition and exquisite sense of the part Which are as follow Medicaments quickning the Sight Roots of Fennel Celandine Radish Leaves of Celandine Vervain Rue Eye-bright and Fennel Seeds of Fennel Radish great Clary Medicaments easing Pain Womans milk the white of an Egge stirred and turned to water Rose-water Muscilage of the seed of Fleabane Quinces Crums of grated Bread and boyled in milk with a little Saffron sweet Apples boyled the pulp of rotten Apples white Troches of Rhasis with Opium Repellers Water of Roses Plantain peculi rosarum Purslain Juice of Quinces sowre Apples white of an Egge Allum Dryers Ceruse washed Tutty washed Antimony washed oyntment of Tutty white Troches of Rhasis without Opium Digesters or Resolvers Sarcocol nourished with milk Saffron womans milk decoction of Fenugreek the bloud of young Doves forced out of the greater feathers into the Eye Cleansing without Acrimony Sugar-candie Syrup of dry Roses Tutty Pompholyx Leed burnt and washed Antimony washed Cleansers with Acrimony The galls of Fish are gentle of Beasts moderate and of Birds strongest among which the gall of a Partridge is strongest of all that of a Hen most gentlest the juice of Celandine and Fennel compound water of Hony CHAP. XX. Of Medicaments for the Breast MEdicaments for the Breast are those which are familiar to the Lungs and prepare the humours contained in them to be purged But that these humours may be the more easily expelled by Anacatharsis they ought not be too thick or too thin so that the thicker humours are prepared by cutting attenuating and cleansing Medicines which are hot the thinner by incrassating which are cold The matter of these is this Pectoral Medicaments hot and Simple Roots of Elecampane Florence orice both Birthworts Liquorice Ginger and Squils Leaves of Colts-foot white Horehound Hysop Thyme Savory Origan Calamint Cats-foot Ground-ivie Ros solis Tobacco which must be given in a little quantity because it procures vomiting Seeds of Nettles Hemp Colewort Massilian seceli or Hartwort Fruits fat Figs sweet Raisins Almonds Pine-nuts Lawrel-berries Flowers of Camomil Spices Saffron which is excellent Gums Turpentine Myrrhe Animals Hony Fox-lungs prepared Minerals flower of Sulphur Compounds Waters of Hysop Colts-foot Syrups of Colts-foot Hysop Liquorice Venus-bair simple Oxymel Oxymel of Squill Sugar candied Conserves of Venus-hair Elecampane-roots Ginger Electuaries Diaireos simple Diaireos of Salomon External Oyls of Orrice sweet Almonds Camomil Lillies Fat 's Hens grease Ducks Calves grease Butter Marrowes of Harts and Calves Unguents of Althea Marshmallowes resumptive Emplaisters of Sulphur Bay-berries Filii Zachariae or of the son of Zachary Pectorals cold and Simple Roots of Marsh-mallowes and Liquorice Leaves of Venus hair Lungwort Seeds the 4. greater cold ones Mallowes white Poppy Fleabane Bombax harly Fruits Jujubes Sebestens sweet Almonds sweet Prunes Flowers of Violets Water-lillies red Poppy Gums Arabick Tragacanth Juices Amylum or juice of Wheat juice of Liquorice Animals Womans Asses Goats milk flesh of Lobster and river Crabs Compounds Waters of Lettice Purslain Water-lillies red Poppy Barly Syrups of Jujubes Violets Venus-hair white Poppy which is narcotick Sugars of Roses Penids Conserves of Roses Violets Borrage Lettice inside of Gourds candied Electuaries Diatragacanth cold Diamargarite cold Diapenidion without species Externals Oyl of Violets Water-lillies sweet Almonds Greases of Hens Ducks Calves new Butter These Greases are temperate and therefore used both in hot and cold affections CHAP. XXI Of Cardiacal Medicaments THose Medicaments are called Cardiacals which by a specifical property corroborate the heart refresh the vital spirits and resist poyson and malignant affections and because the heart is weakned sometimes by a hot and sometimes by a cold distemper therefore these Cordials some ought to be hot some cold Hot Cordials Simple Roots of Dittany Cink-foil Vipers-grasse Setwal Gentian Masterwort Doringum Barks Cinamon dry rinde of Citron Wood Xyloaloes Leaves of Baulm Scabious Carduus benedictus Basil Pollep Southernwood Rosemarie Lavender Seeds of Carduus benedictus Basil Citron Fruits Dyers grains Juniper-berries Nutmegs Cloves Flowers of Rosemarine Borrage Buglosse Mace Saffron Spikenard Gums Frankincense Myrrhe Mastick Juices of Balm Scabious Borrage Animals Musk Civet Bezoar-stone raw Silk Minerals Amber Succinum Compounds Waters of Orange flowers Balm Rosemary Carduus benedictus Scabious Aqua vitae Imperial Treacle Celestis Cinamon Oyls Chymical of Cinamon Cloves Nutmegs Syrups of the conditure of Citron peel Byzantine Conserves of the flowers of Citron peel candied Nutmegs candied Mirobalans candied Confections Alkermes Treacle Electuaries Aromaticum Rosatum Diambra de Gemmis Letificans Galeni Diamoschum Dulce Cold Cordials Simples Roots of Sorrel Buglosse Bisfort Tormentil Woods all the Sanders Leaves of Borage Buglosse Sorrell sharp pointed Dock Seeds of Quinces Plantain Sorrel Flowers of Roses Violets Borage Buglosse Water-lilly Fruits Citrons Limons sowre Cherries Ribes sowre Granates sweet Apples Quinces Gums Camphire Animals Pearl Unicorns horn the bone in the heart of a Stag Ivory Spodium Harts-horn Bezoar-stone Minerals Terra sigillata bole Armoniack precious fragments Gold Coral Compounds Water of Roses Borage Buglosse Sorrel Syrups of Granats Limons Violets of the juice of Sorrel of dry'd Roses of fragrant Apples Conserves of the flowers of Borage Buglosse Roses Violets and leaves of Sorrel Confection of Hyacinth Electuaria cold Diamargarite Diatriasantalum CHAP. XXII Of Hepatical Medicaments HEpatical Medicaments are destined to comfort the Liver and to correct the distempers thereof some of them being heating others cooling But because all sorts of humours are bred there and the veins thereof are very narrow it is very subject to obstructions And therefore all Medicaments convenient for the Liver are of an opening quality Hot
be given c. Note that sometimes no Electuaries are prescribed when the Purge is gentle but only common decoction and syrup Potions composed only of two preparations are twofold either by decoction and dissolution or by infusion and dissolution Of decoction and dissolution are made Potions after this form ℞ c. make a decoction to ℥ iij. in the Colature dissolve of Electuaries c. syrup c. mingle them and make a potion By infusion and dissolving are made potions after this form ℞ of Rhubarb c. les them be infused c. when they are streined dissolve of Electuary c. of Syrup c. mingle them and make a potion Those Potions are made with one preparation which consist of simple dissolution which is made in urgent cases where there is not time for decoctions and infusions and then purging electuaries are dissolved in broth or water convenient to ʒ vj. or ℥ j. in this form ℞ Electuary of Betony q. s mingle them and make a Potion Sometimes powdered Rhubarb may be dissolved in broth for a Diarrhoea or Dysentery in this forme ℞ Rhubarb powdered ʒ j. ss let it be given in the morning in broth Rhubarb also is given in broth to ʒ j to children which cannot bear more vehement Catharticks Manna is also given to children dissolved in broth to ℥ j. to those of greater age in affections of the Lungs to ℥ ij CHAP. IV. Of Potions corroborating provoking sleep killing the Worms and the like THese Potions because they are prescribed only in one dose are reckoned under the name of Potions though it be now a daies a custome in Physick that they are often called Juleps for one dose to distinguish them from vulgar juleps which are most commonly prescribed for three doses Cordial potions are made of cordial water ℥ iij. cordial syrup ℥ j. cordial confection ʒ j. cordial powder ℈ j. in this form ℞ c. Mingle them make a Potion or make a julep for one dose to be taken at such an hour for every hour is fit for such a drink but chiefly morning and evening Potions to provoke sleep are made of the syrup of Poppies ℥ j. cordial water ℥ iij. confection Alkermes ʒ ss or ʒ j. in this form ℞ c. Mingle them make a potion to be given this night at the hour of sleep A Potion against the worms is made of Purslain water or water of Grasse ℥ iij. syrup of Limons ℥ j. confection of Hyacinth ʒ j. powder against the worms ℈ j. or some other kind of way In other indications the same proportion of ingredients is perpetually to be observed that there should be of waters ℥ iij. of syrup ℥ j. confect ʒ j. powder ℈ j. ʒ ss or ℈ ij at most CHAP. V. Of Juleps JUleps use to be composed two waies either of distilled waters or decoction of simples They are prescribed for the most part for 3 or 4 doses in such a proportion that for every dose there should be of waters ℥ iij. or iiij of syrups ℥ j. in this form ℞ of water c. Mingle them make a Julep for three doses to be taken morning and evening Sometimes juices are mingled with the waters in such a proportion that for every dose there should be ℥ ss ʒ vj. of juices Sometime in cooling juleps some few drops of spirits of Virtriol are prescribed which are not set down but used in this form of spirits of Vitriol q. s to cause a grateful sharpnesse Juleps are composed of decoctions in the same method as altering Apozems though with a lesse dose of simples yet they differ in this that clarification and aromatization are not prescribed in the end but the form of them is such ℞ of Roots c. make a decoction to lb j In the Colature dissolve ℥ iij. of syrups Mingle them and make a Julep to be taken morning and evening for three doses CHAP. VI. Of Syrups and first of altering ones THere are two sorts of Syrups Altering and Purging Altering syrups are composed by the Physicians very seldome because there are so many ready in the shops upon all occasions And therefore magisterial altering syrups are never or rarely prescribed but only those in the shops are used and that two waies for either they are dissolved in other liquors or else they are administred alone How they are dissolved in other liquors hath been shewn in Apozems Juleps and Potions But moreover some syrups are usually dissolved in common water or barly broth to quench thirst such are syrup of Maidenhair of Limons of Quinces in a flux and they use to be prescribed in this form ℞ syrup of Maidenhair ℥ iiij let it be used with potable water at time of thirst without meals They are given alone and by themselves in affections of the stomack and lungs chiefly in weaknesse of the stomack syrup of wormwood frequently used which is given in the morning in this form ℞ of syrup of wormwood ℥ j. take it in the morning two hours before meals continuing so for three daies In affections of the Lungs Bechicall syrups are prescribed in this form ℞ syrup of Coltsfoot ℥ iiij let it be used by frequently licking it out of a spoon CHAP. VII Of Magisterial purging Syrup MAgisterial syrup is composed as a purging Apozeme and of the same matter and with a like Dose of altering simples but the purgers are prescribed in almost a double quantity to those of the Apozem with a double dose of their correctives also Sometimes very efficacious syrups are composed of the juices of herbs and fruits cleansed in which the purgatives are infused and boyled and those juices ought to be prescribed to iiij v or vj lb. because they are much consumed by the decoction and infusion of Catharticks Decoction uses to be made to lb j. or lb j. ss And in that is dissolved Sugar as much in quantity as the decoction Sometime purging syrups or altering syrups are dissolved to ℥ v. or vj. and then the quantity of sugar is diminished to the quantity of syrup because syrup is in the place of sugar Sometimes the juices are dissolved to ℥ vj. or vij when the decoction is made of simple water and then no syrups are to be dissolved but only sugar Sometimes in cold affections of the Lungs some portion of hony is to be joyned with the sugar but very seldome Afterwards it is boyled to Syrup which is kept for use The dose thereof is from ℥ j. ss to ℥ ij according to the greater or lesse efficacy of the syrup and that once or twice in a month Lastly it is taken in broth altered with convenient herbs or in melancholy affections in whey or the decoction of cordial fruits and flowers All which are prescribed in this form ℞ c. make a decoction to lb j. in which dissolve of whitest sugar lb j. Let a syrup be perfectly boyled clarified and aromatized withʒ ij of Cinamon which is to be
kept in a glasse vessel of which take ℥ j. ss or ℥ ij twice in a moneth with broth altered with leaves of Borrage Buglosse Maidenhair and Scabious If the Syrup be made of juices let it be prescribed in this form ℞ of clarified juices c. in which boyl leaves of Sena c. CHAP. VIII Of Vomitories THE composition of Vomitories is so manifold and various that we can scarcely give certain rules for the composing of them but various formes of them are to be borrowed from various Authors the most principal are those which follow which are taken from the three sorts of Vomitories that is gentle moderate and vehement Gentle Vomitories are composed of lukewarme waters ℥ viij with ℥ ij of oyl and butter or a good draught of lukewarm barly water or very fat broth Or of the root of a Pumpion ℥ j. bruised and infused in ℥ viij of barly water or Hydromel Or of the decoction of the seed of Orach ℥ ss flowers of Dill P. j. to ℥ viij dissolving simple Oxymel or syrup of vinegar ℥ ij The use of all simples is prescribed in this form ℞ c. Make a vomitory to be taken lukewarm then after a little walking put the finger into the throat or provoke vomit with a feather dipt in oyl Moderate Vomitories may be made of Radish roots ℥ j. Agarickʒ ss boyled in ℥ x. of barly water adding of Oxymel scillit ℥ ij if thick flegm abound or of syrup of Vinegar if choler abound Or of the roots of Asarabacca ʒ ij Lettice seed ʒ ss Broom-flowers P. ss boyled in ℥ viij of Hydromel Or of the roots of powdered Asarabacca ʒ ss dissolved in Mint or Hysop-water Vehement Vomitories are made of white Vitriol prepared ʒ ss or ℈ ij dissolved in broth or of Crocus Metallorum otherwise called Liver of Antimony from ℈ j. toʒ ss infused in ℥ iij. of white Wine or water of Carduus benedictus with a little Cinamon CHAP. IX Of Emulsions AN Emulsion is made of sweet Almonds peeled to ℥ j. or ℥ j. ss of the four greater cold seeds ℥ ss or ℥ j. of seeds of Lettice and whole poppy where there is little sleep ℥ ss bruise them and dissolve them in lb j. of barly water for iij. doses and sweeten them with sugar only to ℥ iij. or iiij or with more pleasing Syrups as syrup of Violets syrup of Maidenhair The forms of prescribing them is this ℞ bruise them in a stone mortar pouring in by little and little lb ss of barly water in the Colature dissolve of syrup of Violets and Maidenhair ana ℥ ij make an Emulsion for three doses to be taken morning and evening Sometimes Pine-kernels are added to the foregoing simples in affections of the breast Sometimes to the decoction of barly is added ℥ j. of Rose-water which makes the Emulsion the sweeter CHAP. X. Of Milk MIlk is given to people in Consumptions and wasted by a Hectick Feaver for others Asses milk is best where refrigeration or cleansing is wanting Goats milk for nourishing and refreshing The use of it is prescribed for a whole month together especially in the month of May the body being first purged it is given the first to ℥ iiij with ℥ j. of sugar of Roses increasing every day ℥ j. till it comes to ℥ viij increasing likewise proportionably the quantity of sugar to ℥ ij continuing afterwards the same quantity The hour of taking it is the morning four hours before meat in which the Patient must neither sleep nor stir himself violently The form of prescribing them may be such Let him use Asses milk newly milked for a whole moneth taking the first day ℥ iiij of sugar ℥ j. every day increasing the quantity of milk ℥ j. till it come to ℥ viij then let him stay and let him take the same quantity every morning four hours before meat in which the party must neither sleep nor stir too much CHAP. XI Of Whey WHey is prescribed in the spring time for fifteen daies or a whole month In it are bruised over night cooling herbs as Fumitory Cichory Sorrell M. j. ss or frequently Epithyme in melancholy affections to ℥ ss in which case sometimes the juice of fragrant Apples is dissolved to ℥ j. The dose is ℥ vij to lb j. in the morning four hours before meat The form thereof is thus prescribed ℞ of Whey q. s boyl it gently and strain it and in one pinte thereof bruise over night the leaves c. strain it in the morning adding ℥ j. of white sugar take it in the morning four hours before meat every day continuing a moneth together CHAP. XII Of sudorifick Decoctions SUdorifick Decoctions are commonly composed of the four principal Sudorificks Guaiacum Sassafras China roots Sarsaparilla of which as well sudorifick as simple diets are composed The quantity of sudorificks is prescribed to iiij or vj. and that of one or more according to the disposition of the sick party with this observation that Guaiacum is fitter for cold China root for hot dispositions Afterwards they are infused in a sufficient quantity of fountain water that for every ounce of sudorifick there should be so many lb of water but infusion is made for 24 hours upon the hot cinders and lastly they are boyled to the consumption of half The dose of the decoction is ℥ viij in the morning covering the body a little more then ordinary to provoke sweat more easily The form of prescribing them may be thus ℞ Of the shavings of Guaiacum ℥ iiij bark of the same ℥ ij infuse them 24 hours in lb vj. of fountain-water upon hot cinders boyl them in a double vessel with a gentle fire and without smoke to the consumption of the half strain them through Hippocrates sleeve and let the Colature be kept in a glasse vessel of this take ℥ viij every day in the morning covering the body more then ordinary to provoke sweat the better continuing for the space of 20 or 30 daies Sometimes persons that are more delicate sweeten them with ℥ iij. or iiij of Sugar and ʒ ij of Cinamon All that time that the sick person uses this sudorifical decoction is called a diet because then an exact diet is to be observed attenuating and drying and for ordinary drink the second decoction is prescribed prepared out of the remnants of the first which is called Bochetum The remaining part is taken either alone or that it may be the more efficacious add to it ℥ j of new sudorifick It is infused for 8 hours in lb xij of fountain-water it is boyled to the consumption of the fourth part it is sweetned and aromatized in this manner ℞ the remaining part of the foresaid decoction infuse it in lb xij of fountain water upon hot cinders for the space of 8 hours boil it to the consumption of the fourth part strain it through Hippocrates sleeve adding of Sugar and Cinamon q. s to make it pleasant Make a Bochet
week or twice in a moneth The form of prescribing them is such ℞ c. with syrup of Roses solutive make an Opiate of which you may take ℥ ss by it self or dissolved in the decoction of Borage Fumitory and Cichory once in a week with great care and good government of art A Corroborating Opiate is composed of Conserves to ℥ j. or ℥ j ss Conditements to ℥ ss ℥ j. Confections to ʒ ij ss Powders to ʒ iij. ℥ ss ʒ vj. with convenient Syrup Sometimes for ornament leaves of gold are mixed N. ij or iij. and they are prescribed after the powders The dose is from ʒ ij to ʒ iij. or which is most usual about the bigness of a Chestnut drinking after it convenient liquor as some proper distilled water or white Wine or red Wine tempered with water All which are prescribed in this form ℞ c. with syrup c. make an Opiate of which take about the bignesse of a Chestnut every day in the morning two hours before dinner drinking after it a little draught of tempered wine or borage-borage-water Sometimes they are prescribed to be taken two hours before supper if any other remedies be to be taken in the morning CHAP. XVII Of Conditements Conditements are made in the same manner as corroborating Opiates with the same quantity of conserves confections and powders adding as much white sugar or sugar of Roses as equals the weight of them all in this form ℞ of Conserves c. sugar of Roses to the weight of them all make a Conditement covered with gold which may be taken frequently in a spoon by it self or dissolved in broths or with potable water in time of thirst between meals But a Conditement differs in this from an Opiate because that may be prescribed to corroborate or alter all parts but this only for affects of the heart and lungs CHAP. XVIII Of a Lohoch or Colegma LOhochs are convenient only in pectoral affections to expectorate the humours contained in the lungs smooth the roughnesse thereof and to stop spitting of bloud They are commonly made of Bechical powders to ʒ iij. ℥ ss of sugar candied or penidiate or of rose tablets ʒ vj. ℥ j. of convenient syrup q. s Or to the foresaid are frequently added pulps of fruits as of Raisins Figs Jubebs to ℥ ss Lohochs are also made several other waies but lesse commonly which may be seen in several Authors They are prescribed after the following form ℞ c. with syrups c. Make a Lohoch to be used frequently with a stick of Liquorice licking it by little and little CHAP. XIX Of Tablets TAblets are twofold Purging and Corroborating Purging Tablets are in the shops common and magisterials are seldome or never prescribed Roborating Tablets are made of simple powder or compounded ℥ ss ʒ vj. of sugar dissolved in proper water ℥ iiij or vj. in this form ℞ c. Make Tablets in weightʒ ij of which take one every day two hours before meat drinking c. in the same manner as in a corroborating Opiate Tablets are also frequently used in affections of the Lungs made of convenient powders in the same method Of Pills Pills are double common in shops or Magisterial Those in the shops are prescribed in cold affections especially and in the winter season to evacuate the remote parts from the stomack The form of prescribing them is this ℞ Mass of Pills c. let them be softned with c. water or conventent syrup form 6 or 7 gilt Pills to be taken after the first sleep If the Pills are weak add gr iiij or v. of Diagrid or Trochis Alhand Magisterial Pills which are vulgarly composed by the Physicians according to several indications and are vulgarly called usual because the use of them ought to be frequent that is once in a week or twice in a moneth They are composed of several purgatives viz. Aloes Agarick Turbith Hermod Rhub Diagrid Troches Athandal with correctives all being reduced into powder and mingled with convenient syrup The Basis of all these Pills is commonly Aloes and prescribed usually to ʒ iij. or ℥ ss the other purgatives taken together exceed not the quantity of ℥ ss the correctives to ʒ j. or ʒ j ss the quantity of the syrup is not proportioned The dose of the Pills is to be measured according to the efficacy of the purgatives so that they may not purge vehemently they must not exceed ʒ ss or ℈ ij Sometimes against obstructions Gum Ammoniack or Bdellium dissolved in vinegar is mixed with the purgatives to ʒ ij or ʒ iij. They are prescribed in this form ℞ Aloes hepatical c. make a powder of them all and with syrup of Roses solutive make a masse of Pills of which letʒ j. be formed into pills gilt take N. iij. or iiij in the morning two hours before dinner once in a week CHAP. XXI Of Troches TRoches are seldome prescribed by the Physicians who are content with those in the shops yet if a make them he may easily do it by taking powders fit for his intention to ℥ j. or ij and moistning them with convenient liquor or mucilage of which being mixt together make a paste and of that tablets to be dried in the shade CHAP. XXII Of Powders POwders are prescribed to purge corroborate and for other intentions Purging powders are composed of simple powders acceptable to the taste with their correctives and sugar in persons more delicate the dose whereof is to be measured according to the efficacy of the purgatives These powders are taken dissolved in broth or other liquor in the morning with care and good government Among the corroborating powders those for the stomack are most in use which are called digestive they are made of the sweeter stomachicals as Corianders Anise Fennel Cinamon and the like to ℥ ij with an equal or double quantity of sugar in this form ℞ c. an equal or double proportion of sugar mingle them make a powder of which take one spoonfull after meals eating or drinking nothing after it THE SECOND ARTICLE of the SECOND SECTION OF The Composition of midling Medicaments CHAP. I. Of Suppositories SUppositories are used commonly to loosen the belly but sometimes though very seldome against some affections of the fundament and straight gut Those that loosen the belly are composed of hony to ℥ j. boyled and hardned adding fit powders to ℥ j. or ℈ iiij but those powders are common salt Hiera picra or if stronger Medicaments be required Sal gemmae Ammoniack hiera Diacolacynth Hellebore powdered The form of them is thus ℞ c. Make Suppositories of which one anointed with oyl or butter may be put into the fundament as often as need requires CHAP. II. Of Clysters CLysters some are mollifying and laxative some cleansing others binding others easing pain others for other intentions Mollient and laxative are made of the decoctions of mollifying herbs to lb j. or lb j. ss laxative opiates to ℥
j. or ℥ j. ss sometimes of hony Mercurial hony hony of Roses or Violets to ℥ ij common oyl of Lillies or violets to ℥ iij. common salt or sal gemmae to ʒ j. But because emollient Clysters are prepared in the shops therefore they are never prescribed but absolutely proposed The form of this clyster is such ℞ of the common emollient Clyster decocted lb j. ss in which dissolve c. mingle them make a Clyster to be injected in a convenient hour A cleansing Clyster is composed of the decoction of barly thin bran and red Roses of each one pugill If it be to asswage also flowers of Melilot and Camomil are prescribed to j. or ij pugils If for worms in children Raisins and Liquorice to ℥ j. of each The quantity of the decoction may not exceed lb j. and in that red sugar may be dissolved to ℥ ij or hony of Roses with it the quantity of the sugar being diminished the yolk of an egge may be also dissolved N. j. for children ij for grown people The quantity of the decoction for children is diminished to lb. ss iij. quartaeries Astringent Clysters are made of the decoction of astringent simples The dose being little lesse then that of the Apozem and in one lb of the decoction sugar hony of Roses and yolks of Eggs according to the former dose are dissolved Clysters easing pain are made of Goats milk Sheeps milk or the decoction of the head and guts of a Weather to lb j. dissolving sugar and yolks of eggs according to the foresaid quantity Sometimes in very great pains of the guts or parts adjacent as the reins c. Philonium Romanum is dissolved toʒ j. or ij or Laudanum opiaticum to gr viij or ℈ ss Sometimes are made nourishing clysters of broth sugar and yolks of egges in which to corroborate the more is dissolved confect Alker and of Hyacinth toʒ ij For the colick pain are prescribed carminative clysters of the decoction of simples that dispell wind such as those are that attenuate flegm after that manner as is said in the astringent dissolving in the decoction oyl of Rue Bayes to ℥ iiij Or else Clysters are made for the same intention of strong Wine and oyl of Nuts both to lb ss To expell the stone of the reins are made Clysters of the decoction of opening simples dissolving aperitive oyls to ℥ iij. or iiij of which the chief is oyl of Scorpions Turpentine also is added dissolved with the yolk of an egge to ℥ j. CHAP. III. Of Injections INjections are made into divers parts as the womb bladder ears and other hollownesses of the parts whether caused by nature or disease as fistula's and the like Injections are made into the womb to move the months cleanse the filth thereof asswage pain and inflamations and on many other occasions These injections are made of the decoction of convenient simples the dose being little lesse then of an Apozem the decoction is made to lb j. which is cost into the womb with a syringe commonly called a Metrenchyta Or such Injections are made of the juices of herbs purified or distilled waters Some things are not seldome dissolved in the said liquors as syrups electuaries troches powders and the like The other Injections are prescribed after the same method which as the before mentioned being particular Remedies are to be found in the books of particular practise CHAP. IV. Of Pessaries PEssaries in various affections of the womb are thrust into the neck thereof being formed like the thick and long singer Sometimes for Virgins they are made like little bals for the easier admission and then they are called Mascals Pessaries are made first of Opiates or oyntments only to ℥ j. ss ℥ ij suckt up in soft flax and wrapt in silk or fine linnen Secondly of convenient powders to ℥ j. ℥ j. ss moistened in boyled hony like a suppository of which a pessary is made Thirdly of the juices of herbs suckt up in cotten to ℥ iij. with which powders may be mingled according to discretion to ℥ ss ʒ vj. They are prescribed in this form ℞ c. make a pessary about the bignesse of the great finger which wrapt in silk and bound with a string is to be put up into the neck of the womb CHAP. V. Of Errhines AN Errhine is a liquid Medicament which being snuffed up into the nostrils draws the humours from the brain especially flegm and is used for several affections of the nostrils It is composed of the juices of herbs appropriated to that purpose which are extracted out of bruised leaves M. iiij with ℥ iiij vj. or viij of white Wine Cephalicks being added to the leaves for correction and sometimes ℥ j. of Aqua vitae for penetration Or of the decoction of fit simples consisting of half a dose of an Apozem to ℥ viij in which are dissolved sometimes juices to ℥ ij or iij. hony or syrup to ℥ j. or ij powders to ʒ ss or ʒ j. They are prescribed in this form ℞ c. Make an Errhine to be used lukewarm in the morning two hours before meals the mouth being filled before with water CHAP. VI. Of Sternutatories STernutatories are made to draw flegm from the brain and in sleepy affections to excite the drowsie expulsive faculty thereof It is composed of the powders of sharp things as pepper sneezing-wort mustard seed seed of Stavisacre root of white Hellebore Euphorbium The quantity of all those must not exceedʒ ij to which you may adde for the safety of the head ℈ j. of dry Marjoram Note that Euphorbium is very vehement and not to be prescribed above gr iij. or iiij The form of prescribing them is thus ℞ c. Mingle them and make a very thin powder to be blown into the nostril through a small quill CHAP. VII Of a Gargarism GArgarisms are made in several affections of the mouth and parts adjacent They are composed of the decoction of simples equalling the dose of an Apozem to lb j. in which are dissolved convenient syrups to ℥ iij. or iiij but because most frequently astringent Gargarisms are prepared to repell fluxions therefore Diamorum dianucum and syrup of Myrtle and juice of Roses are most commonly dissolved therein and often hony of Roses if cleansing withall be needfull They are sometimes also made of distilled waters to lb j. dissolving the aforesaid syrups They are prescribed in this form ℞ c. Make a Gargarism to be used every hour CHAP. VIII Of Masticatories MAsticatories draw flegm plentifully from the brain They are made of the roots of wilde Pellitory only cut in pieces and steeped in vinegar Or of the powders of many simples mingled with wax of which little bals are made The most usual simples of which they are made are the roots of wilde Pellitory Ginger Orrice Mustard seed Stavisacre long Pepper Mastick to which Cephalicks are added as Cloves Nutmegs The quantity of the powder may not exceed ℥