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Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

more of that for whereas Bees may suck Honey even there Spiders will convert a plain stile into Poyson and Gall. Non omnibus dormio A ready defensative powder to be applyed where Iust cause is for a defensative either for wounds with Gun-shot or other Wounds which I have made use of and will impart the secret to young practitioners and is as followeth R. Terra sigillat Alumin Vitriol Tartar Cerus ana 1 li. Bol. Armen 2 li. Aquae 1 li. ss Take a new earthen pot of almost a Gallon and a half put the water into the pot and thereunto put the Allom and the Copperas then powder the tartar and put that in also and then have ready the other ingrediences in powder put them in by little and little stirring them very well until all be incorporated and without seething keepe the Medicine on the fire till it be hard and if you cannot make it hard enough in that manner so that being cold it will powder then put it into some dreppin Pan or the like and into an oven when the bread is drawn and it will be hard then being cold powder it and keep it to your use for it will not decay nor alter his Vertue in many years And when you would use it for a defensative take of this powder about halfe an ounce of Posca I meane water and Vinegar mixed foure ounces put the powder therein which will almost melt then dip clouts therein and apply them This medicine with moderation used is a true and excellent defensative and a very anodine Also it healeth all itchings smartings gaulings or any Erisipelas or other excoriations speedily and safely and dryeth it mightily preventeth from accidents either in great wounds or fractures and being in small quantity used with faire water to ulcers it cleanseth them well and healeth them And if you have whites of egges mixed with a Posca it were the better or in fractures with yolkes and whites together it is very good onely let the care of the Surgeon be that he apply it in his true nature namely as a defensative in fit time and touching the rest of the uses thereof he may presume he hath a very good Medicine and so for this time I take my leave Vale in Christo Jesu A Description of the Trafine and the necessary uses thereof especially for Military occasions for young Surgeons HAving had sufficient tryals of the facility and of the Trafine I have thought fit to commend it and the use thereof for the future to the younger Artist upon some of their requests not detracting ought from the worthinesse and due commendations of the Author of the Trapan concerning that excellent invention yet by way of addition to my former Edition I thought fit here to describe the Trafine it being an Instrument of my own composing which experience will shew is more compendious and of more facility in the use thereof for young practicioners in Surgery then is the Trapan the which Instrument although it may be said to be derivative or Epitomy of or from the Trapan yet well observed it performeth as much as the Trapan in every degree and more and for that it was so fashioned and first practised by my selfe I thought fit to put the name of a Trafine upon it a tribus finibus from the three ends thereof each being of several uses and being as it may appeare triangular or three cornered each corner there of performing the part it seemeth to undertake so that it fully supplyeth and maketh good all the uses of a Trapan with the one end and that with more facility as is said and safely then the Trapan doth or can doe and it supplyeth with the second end all the uses of a smooth Levatory and supplyeth the necessity of a Jagged or toothed Levatory with the third end the said Levatories being all necessary adjutors in helping to make and finish the Trafine or tres finis and who so shall please to make a judicial experience thereof not being prejudicated will find that it far exceedeth the Trapan in all his uses in the compendious and safe performance of the workes as well of the two Levatories as of a Trapan recited which the former can no way be said to be Secondly the Trapan cannot be well managed without both the hands of the Artist viz. the one for the work of erosion by the Artificial motion thereof in turning it ever round for the better penetrating of the Cranium the other hand must be used to keep it steddy upon the affected part and yet the upper part of the Instrument must neverthelesse as of necessity rest upon the Surgeons brest yea and the Surgeon must for that purpose order his body in a fit posture and further yet the Surgeon must have a second man for an assistant of necessity that must be imployed to stay the Patients head whereas with this Instrument I meane the Trafine the whole worke is performed by the two hands of the Surgeon onely with farre more dexterity and quicker then with the Trapan as is said yea and that with much more comfort both to the patient and to the Artist as the practice therewith will plainely shew and againe there is no such danger attending that Instrumentas doth the Trapan for the heads of the Trafine are made all taper to wit wider above then beneath and also cut both wayes and cannot therefore easily be said to offend the Dura Mater by an error to be suggested to happen in the use thereof without stupid ignorance in the Artist Thirdly the Trapan of old had ever the heads as wide above as beneath which heads were many wayes both very dangerous and uncertaine especially when the Instrument by turning round had cleane pierced through the Cranium and thereby after the same head had fully perforated the Cranium round it was very apt on the suddaine to slip downe upon the Dura Mater by error and improvidence of the Artist either upon oblivion or omission divers wayes as namely for one if the Artist did not truly equally and strongly fasten the small screw being an iron or rather a steele pin that stayeth and fasteneth the said head of the Trapan which the Artist pierceth with for the gaging thereof either by hast which though otherwise he might adjudged a careful Surgeon yet upon his eager proceeding on his work might unhappily be omitted and even that small error might cause danger to the life of the Patient and sometimes proved the irrecoverable cause of his death whereas this Instrument the Trafine hath all the heads thereof made taper as is said namely wider above then below piercing every way alike and therefore there needeth no rule or gager especially in the being performed without turning it round about but is done by the onely moving or agitating of the hand to and fro yea with the onely moving of the wrist of the hand and which is another manifest benefit thereof it

contused wounds made by Gunshot and yet Over drying medicines dangerous you are to consider that as too much gleeting weeping or experience of humidity from wounds of gunshot is dangerous many wayes so too much use of drying medicaments in wounds made with Gunshot is no lesse dangerous by stopping the pores and repelling the peccant humours by reason of the contused blood collected being choaked in the wound aptly indangering a Gangrena and other deadly accidents incident thereunto Advise touching the general regiment of wounded men Now a word or two in want of the grave Physician how the young Surgion may in part demean himselfe being put to it for the more happy performance of the cures made with Gunshot which are very much regulated by the government of the Patient touching his dyet as also in the careful keeping his body in temper from much Dyet costivenesse and also to stay in ordinate fluxes thereby to prevent accidents as Feavers c. And further also to meet with an help to cure evill accidents when they happen to the effecting whereof good dyet and other fitting helps are to be wished might attend valiant men which fight for their countries honour and defence which failing much with brave Souldiers and valiant Sea-men at Campe and Ship there the Surgeons must take it as they can have it and make use in necessity of what the Surgeons chest affordeth viz. If the patient before his wound had not a loose body let the Surgeon give him a Suppository or Glyster and if he seem disposed to a fever though he hath bled by his wound yet if his strength be answerable open a veine on the contrary side of Supposi●ory or Glyster his griefe but purge him not being wounded without very just cause rather keepe him by gentle meanes to have the benefit of nature either by Glyster or Suppository if once in two dayes hee have not a stoole and further if he be distempered with heat make him a Fresh water oft wanting at Sea Barly-water viz. Water two gallons Barly 6. ounces Liquorish one ounce or juice of Liquorish two dram's boyl it gently a little then cast away the first waters if water be plentiful else not and boyl it in fresh water till one third part be spent and being boyled and clarified to the said decoction add some few drops of oyl Vitriol to make it some what sower in tast but not too much but if to this 6. graines of Confectio Alkermes with one spoonful of Rose-water were added the drinke would be much the more grateful in tast and more profitable I conceive it will be needlesse to urge a course for a sparing dyet for Souldiers or Sea-men at Sea for I feare gluttony will not be their sinne But if fulnesse of body be a hindrance the Surgeon hath meanes to evacuate as for a vomit by Stibium the infusion of 4 graines if such a medicine be thought fitting as in able bodyes may be borne or by laxatives as Confectio Hamech six drams for a dose Diaphenicon or Diacatholicon the dose to an able body is a full ounce Pills The Pills in the Invoyce in this Surgeons chest upon their several occasions one dram is a dose of any sort of them Also of Pulvis Sanctus may be giuen two drams or Pulvis Arthriti●ns one dram and if Cordials be required the Surgeon hath in his chest to provoke rest iu Feavers several ones as more particular there is Diascordium which he may give to the ful of two drams for a dose to a strong body either in wine or water as he please or in a Bolus or lump of it self Vse of Laudanum Also he hath Laudanum which he may give safely 3. or 4. graines to asswage pain in painful wounds to give rest in Feavers to stay fluxes and in divers other cases being used with judgment and provided that the party which taketh it be not costive Likewise in fluxes of the belly accompanied with crude nauseousnesse of the stomach as also against venemous or pestilential infection of the blood there is in the chest Phylonium Persicum of which the Patient may take from one scruple to halfe a dram and to one dram safely in a reasonable body and this is a safe medicine which causeth rest and corroborateth the stomach and mightily prevaileth to stay a flux of the belly and doth also correct venemous and maligne humors and is therefore very fit to be used in fluxes that be contagious or pestilential after some fitting evacuation if occasion be What I here write it is of mine owne practice you may take it on my word for truth for you shall find it to be so if with due caution you make use of them These three Cordials as is said asswage pain viz. Diascordium Laudanum and Phylonium or either of them also they serve well to coole or contemperate the blood Cordials to swage pain Of Cordials in general The Surgeons chest containeth also divers other Cordial medicines which may be profitably administred each upon due occasion viz. Confectio Alkermes either given alone or to aromatize any purgative or Cordial medicine from 4. graines to a scruple for a dose Aqua Caelestis and Cinamon water to refresh the spirits halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose and so of Spirit of wine and also Aqua vitae made of wine which so much as containeth of the spirit of wine is quasi spiritus vitae Also the Surgeons chest hath against contagion and the Plague Mithridate Ther. Londinens Diatessar Elect. de Ovo as also Diascord Aurum vitae and Laudanum mentioned all these being proper for pestilential occasions the uses and vertues of which I desire to touch though but in a word And for example if the Surgeon desire a Cordial to be made to cause rest it is made either of L●udanum to three graines or to 4 grains as it is said or Diascordium 2 drams or Phylonium to one dram mentioned And note that Laudanum is best to be taken in a Pill because No●e of his ungrateful tast and Phylonium in a Bolus or lump for the like reason and so also may Diascod be used well and especially in warre where neither the advice of the learned Physitian nor the helpe of the expert Apothecary is at hand but if the Surgeon be occasioned and that he would have Diascor to be given in a potion then let him take of Diascor 1 dram of white wine or fair water 3 ounces or foure of Sirrup of Violets halfe an ounce Confect Alkermes eight graines Oleum Vitrioli gutt quatuor and let the Patient drinke that potion and incline himselfe to rest Cordials comfortive And if a Cordial to comfort the spirits be required then the aforesaid Cinamon water Aqua caelestis or Aqua vitae of wine is at hand without mixture or addition or with some addition halfe a spooneful or a spooneful for a dose

an Electuary and use thereof ʒ j. se at a time in Posset-drink or Wine according as the sicknesse taketh men if it take them cold I hold it better given in Wine or Posset-drink made with Wine if it may be had then with the usual Cordial Waters which is but a meere Fl●gma distilled from the barre herb at the best and often not truly so good for I well know that Wine is a true Cordial and gladdeth the heart of man which I must believe to be so for that the Booke of God doth so testifie of it And I know also it resisteth putrefaction in the very nature thereof Wherefore in my opinion if it were not in some who apparantly have a fervent burning Feaver where reason it self would advise me to forbear Wine I would use Wine before either Angelica Carduus Dragon-Water or any of the like kindes in the case of the Plague as I have divers times elsewhere recited The Dose of Elect. de Ovo This Medicine either taken alone a Drach or four scruples to a strong person diseased is excellent if it be taken with Syrrup of Citrons ʒ j. White or Claret Wine ℥ iij. or iiij ℥ and four drops of Oyle of Vitrol and the diseased layd to sweat upon it being orderly attended it is a most precious Medicine by my self very often tryed I having often made the aforesaid Receit and used it out with good successe Another Composition of Electuarium De Ovo being plain cheap and good ELectuarium de Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge as it was made and prescribed for publick use in Germany by the Physicians of the Emperour Maximilian in the time of a great Plague there in A●●● Domini 1600. being a most excellent Preservative against the disease and also a good curative medicine as followeth Take a new Egge and make a hole in the ●oppe put out the white and fill the place with Saffron undryed onely teased and the flakes opened asunder mingle it in the shell that it be like a paste the yolk of the egge and the saffron together and stoppe the hole being filled and boyl or stew it or rather bake it gently in the Imbers till it may almost be brought into powder but without burning of it then adde unto it of the rootes of Tormentil Morsus Diab Angelica Pimpernel and Zedoary of each ʒ ij make this into powder then take ℥ ij of old Venice Triacle and in want thereof so much Mithridate and with water of Scabious make it into an Electuary and give at one time for the largest dose or quantity one Drach and a half to a strong body to provoke him to sweat if he have the sicknesse It will provoke sweat plentifully but if it be by way of a preservative to prevent sicknesse then give him but the weight of 3 d. or 4 d. or 6 d. at the most at one time and let the Patient upon the receit thereof be laid to sweat for three or four houres and it will produce an admirable effect of health if it be with good order and discretion administred The Composition of the ancient Treacle Theriac Diatessar or the poor mans Treacle TAke chosen Myrrhe good Bay-berries hulled well Aristolochia roots and Gentian roots * of each 1. ℥ dissolve the Myrrhe in Sack and gently evaporate some of the Sack away and make the other ingrediences into fine powder then take ℥ xij of pure honey and according to Air incorporate it and mix all the aforesaid things with it make it boil a little gently and make an Electuary thereof and give a ʒ j. s or two ʒ ij of this Electu at a time to a strong body yea a strong person may safely take ʒ iij. The dose of Ther. Diatess And lay the party to sweat you may give it in white wine or claret or sack if the disease begin cold or in Beer Ale or posset drink and I have found by much practice that it is a sure good Cordial and Children may take it This medicine I my self would take upon the defence of my own life as soon as one of the greatest and dearest compositions in the Apothecaries shop And I further well know that the Apothecary may honestly afford The price of Ther. Diat●ss this kind of Diatessar truly made for 4 d an ounce and that an ounce thereof may be sufficient at several times given to cure a man diseased of the Plague God giving his blessing to the meanes and by way of preservatives given it may defend many from it But I confesse it is some what a bitter Medicine and so as I have said are most all good Medicines in practice for that disease wherefore whosoever m●s●keth a good Medicine for the bitternesse by his nice refusal may find his disease farre more bitter Nam dulcia non meruit qui non gustavit amara The vertue of it for other diseases This medicine is also excellent good against paines and gripings of the stomach or belly taking the quantity aforesaid or lesse and for the disease of the Colick or any windy pains or gripings of the small guts it is the best medicine that ever I knew A Caveat for administering of Ther. Diatess But beware it be not given to women with child for to such it is not grateful nor very safe because of the Myrrhe but to any woman which wants the due sicknesse of her seasons it is an excellent medicine and otherwise for any person diseased with the Plague A Cordial Confection or Preservative for women with child children infants and tender people The receit TAke chosen roots of Set-well called Zedoary the purest of them half a pound put them one whole day to infuse in rose-Rose-water and wine-vineger mixed then let them dry gently which done with fine Sugar and rose-Rose-water preserve them and give a small quantity of the same half an ounce or thereabout fasting the like you may do with Angelica rootes or with Enul Campan rootes or with The great vertue of the root of the Butter-burre a root called Butter-burre which is one of the most excellent roots for the cure of the Plague that ever was found out by Art this root the Germanes name Pestilence root as being held the best preservative and also cure for the disease of the Plague or Pestilence Another good Cordial for women with child children or delicate people TAke a Lemon or a good Citron ●●ew it in Rose water and Sugar cloven first into four parts and when it is half stewed adde The recei● some Cynamon in powder thereto it is a singular good Cordial so taken and for a preservative for tender women with child and dainty people the quantity of a Nutmeg thereof in a morning for such as are delicate and tender and cannot take medicines well that are The dose of it bitter Also for women with child if they take sometimes a toste sprinkled with rose

it were on shore or land much more good might be expected Observations where aire diet place and many other helps observations and considerations according to the qualitie of the disease with advice also of the learned Physicians observed all which the Sea affordeth not Certain brief and speedie notes for the Chirurgions Mate at his need when neither Doctor Chirurgion nor Apothecarie is to be had Iliaca of poyson FIrst if the disease come of poyson exhausted a vomit with warm water and then warm oyle or some fat broth is to be administred and after a day or two some good treakle to be used If the cause come of crude meats remaining in the stomack or that the disease come of crude and raw meats a vomit is to be used But if there be no crude meats yet remaining in the stomack then all means must be used to disperse the winde and to draw the excrements Of potions and glisters downward either by potions glisters or such like and first with glisters to supple the guts and to evacuate the obstructions of the lower parts make therefore a glister of common oyle or Linseed oyle and give him or a decoction of March-mallow roots Comfrey roots Linseeds and Fenigreek adding Bay-berries and oyle of Dill and Pulvis Arthreticus or species Hierae Pigrae ℥ j give this glister with the great Siringe and put it up with good force remembring to adde salt one smal spoonful thereto Also you may use Suppositories and all other helps which are proper in the cure of the Collick or a mixture of honey and salt Peter or Niter to anoint the fundament therewith and use foments with spunges c. as in the Fomentations Collick Also Phlebotomy may be used especially in young men and that in Sommer or warm Countries and namely where the disease cometh of an Apostume or botch Purging potions are also good as Pulvis Arthreticusʒj in wine or beere or Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains in a pill or in beere dissolved Moreover Resolution of the matter is to be made with foments with cloth or woollen stupes wet in oyle wherein Dill Camomill Rew Hollyhocks c. have been boyled and applied very warm Also Cataplasmes made of Barley-meale Cummin Rew Linseed Fenigreek Dill-seeds Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Bayberries and the like are very convenient Cataplasmes Also the Patient is to sit in a Bath made of oyle and water wherein are boyled Camomil Mellilot Dill Althea or Hollyhock Rew Bayberries and the like all these are good helps A strange medicine Nota S●ercus L●pinum is a remedie in the Iliaca passio even as album Gracum is in the angina Also old Treacle and Mithridate are good helps for those which cannot hold their meat and you must give them to drink the powder of Thus or Frankensence and Cumminseeds in warm oxymel To conclude these brief notes I wish the young artist in this miserable disease to try by strong glysters and purges and every other good meanes which is warrantable and not strictly to rest upon these short instructions in cases difficult and dangerous Collica passio The pain described COllica passio is called in English the Collick and it is called a passion because the pain therefore is so great and vehement that many times the patient desireth rather to die then to live in that vehement pain This disease hath his name of a gut called Colon and happeneth very often when the excrements are retained beyond their naturall times and customes How it happeneth This infirmitie is engendred of ventorsitie or wind in the gut Colon and cannot get out sometimes it proceedeth of colerick humours and untemperate heat which drieth up excrements and hindereth the due evacuation also it cometh sometimes of cold and drie distemperatures with increase of fatnesse making strict the passages of evacuation of the excrements and weakneth the expulsive faculties Also this pain proceedeth sometimes from the humours of the stomack gathering wind from the liver and milt sometimes from the reins of such as have the stone Also from an Apostume in the wombe and sometimes it proceedeth from all the parts of the whole body of man as in fevers where the humors are expelled from the veins to the guts and proceedeth of hot and drie or cold and drie distemperatures but never of moist as saith Dom. Leo. Signes Vomiting a sign THe signes or tokens of this passion are both generall and speciall Generall signes are vomiting lothing of meats great pain retention of the excrements unrest grief or pain in the fore-part of Costivenesse a sign the belly constipation so great that it will go neither upward nor downward The speciall or proper accidents that do alwayes accompany the Collick are continuall thirst vomiting of choler watchings by loose Continual thirst or cholerick excrements a straining or wringing pain though not long enduring and young persons in the Sommer are most subject to a loose collick but the tokens or signes of the state of a cold body in old age are slothfulnesse and lazinesse much desire after grosse and cold meats rawnesse Nausea or quesinesse of the stomack ready to cast but cannot Pituositie or slimie vomits little thirst the pain more remisse but longer continuing Rumbling of the belly desiring Beware of cold drink to drink cold water or small drink Longing after all manner of fruits and white meats The pain changing from place to place and the feces to swimme being put in water and very many such like signes too tedious to trouble the Chirurgions mate withal at Authority this time Avicenna saith that amongst outward signs of this disease if the patient sick of the Collick have certaine small whelks or pushes arising upon his belly about the bignesse of a bean ulcerating and continuing above two dayes it is a signe the patient will die of the disease Also when the Chollick doth not give place to Glysters Foments Motions Cataplasmes and such like good remedies you 2. Authority may then with Galen 12. Methodi Medendi judg that biting humours doe possesse the tunicles of the guts but if the disease yeeld or give way thereto then the matter of the disease is contained in the cavity or hollownesse of the guts The Collick still continuing with vomiting cold sweats often sobbing or the hicket and not giving way to remedies administred is deadly A pestilentiall Collick or contagious Collick doth almost alway kill A Collick with feces voyding slimy substances though an Apostume be in the greatest guts yet it is curable The Collick proceeding of winde is easily cured An easie or good breathing or taking breath is a good signe in the patient that he may be cured but difficult breathing sheweth the contrary The Cure Method of the cure THe manner of curing the Collick is effected by renewing and taking away the cause and then the paine vanisheth But to remove the cause many things are to be

the Orificium of the crucible or hanged over the fume Fusion is liquation by heat violent or moderate for the separation of the pure from the impure Gradation is an exaltation of Metals in the degree of affections where by waight colour and constancy they are brought to an excellent measure but the substance unaltered so Gold is rubified fixed and purified Granulation proper to Metals by infusion on fire and effusion into water is their comminution into granula or very small drops like Grana Paradisi Humectation see Irrigation Ignition is calcination the fire reducing violent bodies into Calx Illiquation is the commistion of terrene bodies with Metalline as of Lapis cadmia with cuprum but so as each retains his own substance Imbibition a Philosophical operation is ablution when liquor adjoyned to a body is elevated and not finding vent doth fall back upon the same and often washeth it with Humectations so long as it being coagulated can no more ascend but remaineth wholly fixt Imbution see Infusion and maceration Inceration is the mixture of humidity with that which is dry by a gentle and not hasty combibition to the consistence of mollified wax Incineration see Cinefaction Incorporation is a sudden addition of so much humidity to exiccate matters as is required in the true consistence of a mixt body past or a masse Infusion is the preparation of medicaments cut or bruised in some humidity convenient for the purpose a lesser or longer time whether it be an hour one day or many a week or a moneth c. Inhumation is the setting of two pots the head of the uppermost being very well covered and luted with his bottome boared full of little pin-holes and sure fastened to that which is underneath in the ground and burying them with earth to a certain depth having a circular fire made for distillatory transudation per descensum Insolation is the preparation of simple or compound things by the heat of Sun in the Summer or a gentle fire in the Winter or in Balneo or in fimo equino Irrigation not much unlike immersion is an aspersion of humidity upon things that are to be dissolved that so they may the more easily deliquate Levigation is the reduction of any hard and ponderous matter by comminution and diligent contusion into fine powder like Alcool Limation proper to Metals as Steel Iron Brasse Lead c. is a preparation with a file whereby they yeeld dust for divers uses Liquation is when as that which shall be made into one body is dissolved that it can flow abroad like waves Liquefaction is the dissolution of a Mineral body by the force of a very gentle fire Lotion is a preparation of medicaments by water or some other liquor to remove some evil and hurtful thing and to procure some good and profitable quality in them Lutation right worthy the name of Sapientia is a medicine thin or thick according to the heat and continuance of the fire which stoppeth most exactly the orificium of the vessel that no vapour passe out Maceration is preparation of things not unlike to Humectation in the manner of working but in time for some are infused three four or moe moneths and some a shorter space Maturation is exaltation of a substance rude and crude to that which is mature and perfect Mistion is such a composition of bodies as inceration incorporation colliquation and contusion do declare Mollition is the beginning of liquation yet some things are mollified as cornu cervi Corral Ivory Ungulae c. which cannot liquate Multiplication by projection is of a body amalgamated from 7. to 10. from 10. to 50. from 50. to 100. c. according to the force and quantity of the tincture Mundisication is the purgation of any matter by few or many operations from that which is sordid and vicious that onely the most excellent may be admitted to the work in hand Nutrition is the permistion of humidity by little and little for the alteration of the quality of the medicament Precipitation is when bodies corroded by Aqua fortis or Aqua Regia and dissolved into water Salt Armoniack or Mercury cast upon them either by the abstraction of the corroding vapour are reverberated into Calx they are made perfect medicines Probation is the examination of any matter whereby we discern what is excellent and perfect and what corrupt Projection is an exaltation chiefly in Metals by a medicine cast upon them which will suddenly penetrate and transfigurate them giving them another tincture Prolectation is extraction by attenuation of subtil parts so that by the inclination of their rarified nature they may be altred from the more grosse parts Purgation like to separation is the clarification of impure liquor having a thick sedement and spume by decoction Putrifaction is the resolution of a mixt body by a natural putritude in calido humido or fimo equino c. whereby it may be made more excellent Quartation is the separation of Gold and Silver mixt together by four unequal parts Quinta essentia is an absolute pure and well-digested medicine drawn from any substance either animal vegetable or mineral Rasion is the scraping or paring of a thing either for expurgation of that which is unprofitable or for easier pulverization Reduction common to many operations doth restore a thing changed to his former estate and condition Repurgation is whereby metals and other substances are purged from super fluities of another nature adhering to them Resolution the way to most excellent operations of Alchymie causing both elements and coelestial essences to separate from their elementary composition of things commixt is when they part one with another Restinction is a gradation whereby metals or the like candified by fire are restinguished in liquor of exaltation and thereby made more noble by how much a more excellent tincture and glosse is set upon them Reverberation is ignition reducing bodies the fire quick reverberating and reflecting into a very subtil Calk Section is the cutting of things great into lesser parts for the present occasion Segregation is the solution of that which was whole and perfect into parts divided which flow not together as colliquables dissolved Separation is whereby parts distracted are separated every one alike having his several being in himself Siccation is the drying up of excremental humidity in bodies before the fire Sun in the shade or the like convenient place Solution a principal part of Chymical practice whereby the incorporation of things coagulated is dissolved and attenuated Subduction is an abstraction of juyces oyles and other liquid matters downward by percolation filteration and the like Sublimation is when that which is extracted is driven to the sublime part of the vessel and there subsisteth or when as between that which is sublimed and the dead head an aëry space doth intercede Subtiliation is dissolution separating the subtil parts from the grosse Stratification or stratum superstratum well known to Chymists and used

at the cost The Rec●i● of it TAke the roots of China cut into small slices ℥ 3. infuse them 12 hours at the least in five quarts of fair water adding of Burrage and Buglosse of each half a handful of Cloves in number three with a like weight of Cynamon and Mace boyl these gently till one third part be consumed and if you please adde one spoonfull of Rosewater and some little Sugar to make it grateful in taste and also three spoonfuls of juyce of Lemons and in want of juyce of Lemons so much good Wine Vineger you may give the Patient at one time to a quarter of a pinte and he may take of this decoction four The Dose sundry times in a day safely at the least and oftnet if he like it Also remembring that the sick have some other Cordial prepared for him if need be to provoke him to sweat the second or third time and some odoriferous thing in his hand or near at hand by him often to smell unto such as are elsewhere set down or some other of the like nature And in want of China roots take the double part of Sarsaparilla and in want of that a large crust of the best bread of Wheat for the poorer sort this also is good to contemperate the blood after sweating and further it is of ancient Writers esteemed as a very good Cordial medicine to give the party the quantity of a drach or ʒ i. s of the finest Bolus Armen in a cup of white Wine with half a spoonful of rose-Rose-water and a little Sugar if you please and in want thereof give it in posset drink Moreover if you see occasion and can have them in your posset drinks or distilled water that you use as vehicles or liquors in which you give your medicines you may put the quantity of one or two ounces of syrup of Citrons or of Lemons or of Sorrel or Wood-sorrel or of sour Pomegranates also it is very good in every sweat-provoking Cordial drink that you adde oyl of Vitriol three or four drops to a dose but no more for offending yea in all Julips a few drops thereof are both cordial and warrantable and in want thereof in a cooling Julip may be added Sal Prunellae so that the quantity exceed not ʒ ij per haustum unum Another Julip for the Diseased of the Plague The Receit TAke French Barley or in want thereof English Barley about one good handfull fair conduit water or spring water three quarts boyl the Barley about half an hour in the water and then cast away the water then take about three quarts of water again and of Mace and Cloves of each half a scruple or 20 grains which is a scruple and boyl the said Barley and the rest one hour or more till one third part of the liquor or thereabouts be consumed then clear of this Barley water into a glasse and to each quart of water if it may be had adde of Syrup of Wood-sorrel of Citrons of Limons of Violets or of any one of these ℥ 3. of Rose water one spoonfull of Wine Vineger two spoonfuls of oyl of Vitriol ten drops and if you can get no syrups at hand use Sugar to make it pleasant of taste and in want of oyl of Vitriol use two more spoonfuls of Wine Vineger A caution in using oyl of Vitriol and note that whensoever you put oyl of Vitriol into any liquor and that you would give it the Patient that you shake the glasse ever when you put our any for the Oyl will fall to the bottom and the last draught will be very dangerous and too sharp to be drunk Against Thirstinesse Divers qualifications of Thirst WAter and Vineger mixed and often held in the mouth and put out again is good juyce of Lemons and water so used letting some part down is also very good also preserved cherries and stew'd Prunes are good to hold in the mouth and to be taken in Quinces or conserve of Barberries or Tamarinds from the East-Indies or it were good the Patient had by him often to suck from a liquorish stick some cordial syrup in a glasse as of Wood-sorrel of Citrons Limons of Violets or syrup of Vineger or of some such like also as is repeated Sal Prunellaeʒ ij and some 3 ounces of Plantain or Strawberry water doth well cool thirst and is cordial Against faintings and swounings which happen in the sicknesse Medicines against swounings LEt the sick have something to smell unto that hath Rose-Vineger with a few drops of Rose water in it also give the sick either some Treacle water or some good Bezar or Cynamon water Angelica water or Mint water distilled with wine or a little good Aqua-vitae or a little good claret wine mul'd with a few Cloves Rosemary and Sugar therein any of these are good Cordials or let him hold a Lemon stuck with Cloves as is said in his hand or have some cordial Pomander in his hand and to wet his temples and forehead with Wine Vineger and a little Rosewater mixed where it may be had A good Posset-Drink in the sicknesse if the Disease begin hot MAke an ordinary posset with Ale and Milk purifie it from the curd and boyl gently therein if you desire to have it cooling Sorrel Strawberry leaves Plantain leaves Violet leaves or some of them adding a little Wine vineger and some Sugar and a little Rosewater if you please and this will be a good drink for the Patient to continue with in the time of his sicknesse Also the juyce of Lemons or Oranges wrung into the posset drink is likewise very good and the best of all to make it tart and not over sour therewith is a little oyl of Vitriol for that no medicine is so Oyl of Vitriol precious against the pestilential Feaver as the oyl of Vitriol it being warily administred Another good Posset-Drink to give a sweating Medicine in if the parties sicknesse begin cold MAke a Posset first with Ale and Milk in an ordinary manner unto which adde Marigolds Burrage Buglosse or some of them and gently boyl them in the Drink and to a quart thereof adde of good Sack a quarter of a pint and to a draught of this drink put any cordial medicine to provoke sweat and give it warm if the disease begin cold as is said but if it begin hot leave out the Sack for as I in this book have oft repeated I hold Wine better and safer to give a cordial with Wine the best for preparing a Cordial with in the Plague then any simple water distilled although it were distilled either from Angelica Dragon Centory or Carduus Benedictus A good Cordial Medicine for the poorer sort though it were to women with Child for they may take it softly The Receit TAke Bayberries cleanse the husks and dry them untill they will be made into powder then powder them or for a need grate

pence weight according to their several ages and capacities and also if you can and that you have convenience it is good that you remove the sick Patient sometimes from one Bed to another where convenience means and ability is and that you use sprinkling the Rooms with Wine Vineger sometimes as is said where it may be had Of such Dyet as is fitting for the sick of the Plague to take FIrst note that a very sparing Dyet in general is the most fir if the Patients have full bodies but in this disease commonly all appetite is forgotten with the Patient yet when you find that the danger of death by the disease is over and that the Patient amendeth then good refreshing and nourishing food is best using it sparingly Fitting meats to be eaten by the sick And first for the delicate and they which may have it let them in the Name of God eat Pheasant Partridge Quail Chickens Rabbits Capons Veal Lamb or Mutton any of these are very good taken with moderation And so are all field-Birds which are used to be eaten excepting those which live upon the Water as the Swan Unfitting meats Goose Duck Plover Wigion c. Also generally the most kind of fresh-Water Fish may well be eaten of except the Eel the Tench Meats forbidden and the Salmon Playce Flounders Whitings Soles Smelts and such like are good moderately taken also Pearch Roch Stone Gudgeons Breames Trouts Fresh Beefe and Pork are excepted against and I think it fit to avoid it where there is no want of other things But on the contrary where there is scarcity let thy ability be thy guide and in the Name of God in want of others let none be so unwise to refuse Beef nor the Broth or pottage thereof for experience sufficiently approveth them good neither egges poached nor soft sodden no nor Bread and Butter when their stomachs will bear it for these all nourish well very moderately taken And remember that if your Patient begin to amend of his disease and that his appetite grow deny him not competent food in a sparing manner and let him have as neer as may be that which is of light digestion and not too much at once but give it him often For understand that after once the masse of blood hath been corrupted and that Nature by Gods mercy with the help of good meanes hath again gotten the upper hand the body will require good nourishment and often to be supplyed The use of Verjuyce is very wholesome in the disease with Meats and also in Possets where inward heat is and thirst withal but not where cold is and the use of Goose-berries of unripe grapes Preserved Cherries Prunes sowre Pomegranates and the like are very good as is else-where mentioned and no lesse good is the use of Oranges Lemons Pome-Citrons and Pomegranates The cure of Angina Mendosa or a false Squinancy being a species of a contagious touch happening when the Plague reigneth Being a pain in the Neck or lower parts of Gula or of the Muscles of the Neck and Throat in which sicknesse there is generally small or no External nor Internal appearance although there sometime is in both and therefore is called Angina Mendosa Phlebotomy needful MAny begin the disease of the Plague with the aforesaid complaint for which one good remedy is Phlebotomy at the first not under the tongue onely in that case for that if you do it sufficeth not in so fierce a disease but that you must also be forced to open a vein in the arm Wherefore let the Surgeon if he be urged thereunto take the fullest vein of the arm of that side which the pain or complaint inclineth most unto but concerning general evacuation by Phlebotomy in Pestilential Feavours never do it when any indication of a Crisis by the disease appeareth for fear of offence and if so be that one side suffer not more then another then take it on the right arm and take a reasonable good quantity of blood namely from The quantity of blood to be taken a man 6 or 8 ounces or ten ounces not more for fear of dejecting the spirits and a lesser proportion to a weaker Patient and make a reasonable large orifice which in such a case is best and if after apparent need be which seldome is open the veines under the tongue but howsoever I would begin with the arm And for a Gargarisme use Barley water with Diamoro● and a little Ordering of ●argarismes of Syrup of Vineger or a little Sal-niter is very good and for outward application take a small handful of Camomil flowers of clean ashes of wood without coales or drosse a handful and a few Rose leaves and two spoonfuls of oyl of Roses with as much of wine Vineger boyl it with small beer into a Cataplasme and very warm apply it and shift it morning and evening if the rose leaves be not to be had or the Camomil flowers use Elder leaves in place it will do well and ordinary oyl or butter for a need will serve where oyl of Roses is wanting or the old Medicine of Mel and Album Graecum with a little Vineger mixed is right good and the next morning after Phlebotomy give the patient a Diaphoretick of Aurum Vitae eight graines and appoint him to sweat four houres and no doubt but the disease will be therewith soon at an end Of the use of Phlebotomy in the aforesaid disease I have had experience oftentimes this yeere and even upon my own Son who being in a violent burning Feavour with an Angina Mendosa and being very unwilling to be let blood under the tongue first for fear of losse of time I caused to give him a suppofitory then after within ●three houres I gave him a Cordial Diaphoretick Gr. 8. of Aurum vitae which he did sweat upon for three or almost four houres very plentifully and was somewhat revived and reasonable chearful neverthelesse he still finding a great fulnesse of blood entreated me to open a vein for him in the Arm the which I did and took from him as I conceived ten ounces of blood he being of a full able body and about twenty yeeres of age and without any more medicines or time of complaint by Gods mercy he came to his perfect health again the second day from the beginning of his desease And I may truly to Gods glory affirm that in this yeere 1638 I have cured very many of Feavours with also complaints of swellings in their throats meerly by that Diaphoretick of Gold of my own practice called Aurum vitae and that with onely one dose given and no more and the parties became thereby perfectly whole the very next day without the taking any other Medicine and by the same medicine and onely by the once giving I also have healed very many of the Plague in one day whereof some had risings of tumours which by their once sweating spent without further

the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great inc●sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Abla●a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorr●l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessa●y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have