luc lb. ii aq vitae â„¥ vi agitentur omnia simul diligentissime Lutetur alembicum luto sapientiae fiat distillatio lento ignae in balneo mariae Use it after the following manner â„ž aq stillatitiae prescriptae â„¥ ii aut iii. According to the operation which it shall perform let the patient take it four hours before meat Also radish-water distilled in balneo mariae is given in the quantity of â„¥ iiii with sugar and that with good success Baths and sem cupia or halt baths are artificially made Why the use of diureticks is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder relax soften dilate and open all the body therefore the prescribed diureticks mixed wtih half a dram of treacle may be fitly given at the going forth of the bath These medicines following are judged fit to cleanse the ulcers of the kidnies and bladder Syrup of maiden-hair of â—oses taken in quantity of â„¥ i. with hydromel or barlie-barlie-water Asses or Goats-milk are also much commended in this affect because they cleanse the ulcers by their serous or whayish portion and agglutinate by their chees-life They must be taken warm from the dug with hony of roses or a little salt least they corrupt in the stomach and that to the quantity of four ounces drinking or eating nothing presently upon it The following Trochises are also good for the same purpose Trochisces to heal the ulcers of the kidnies â„ž quatuor sem frigid major seminis papaveris albi portulâ—cae-plantag cydon myrtil gum tragacanth arab pinear. glycyrrhi mund hordei mund mucilag psilii amygdal dulcium an â„¥ i. bâ—â— armen sanguin dracon spodii rosar mastich terrae sigil myrrhae an â„¥ ii cum oxymelite conficiantur secundum artem trochisci Let the patient take Ê’ ss dissolved in whay ptisan barlie-water and the like they may also be profitably dissolved in plantain-water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstain from wine and instead thereof let him use barlie-water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the Sun Drink instead of wine stoned and boiled in five pints of fair water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glass untill one pint be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boiled a little more be strained through an hypocras bag with a quartern of sugar and two drams of choice cinnamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usual drink CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilitie to hold the Vrine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunk the urine is presently made in great plentie What Diabete is by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reins and the depravation or immoderation of the attractive faculty The external causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diuretick things and all more violent and vehement exercises The causes The internal causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidnies and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of the morbifick causes by urine Signs The loins in this disease are molested with a pricking and biteing pain and there is a continual and unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper Why the urines are watrish yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomach liver and hollow vein being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidnies or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certain death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feeds the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the four cold seeds for although they may profit by their first qualitie The cure yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must be used and such as generate gross humors as rice thick and astringent wine mixed with much water Narcotick things to be applied to the loins Exceeding cold yea narcotick things shall be applied to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kinde are oil of white poppie henbane opium purslain and lettuce-seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasms plasters and ointments may be made fit to corroborate the parts and correct and heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangurie What the Strangurie is THe Strangurie is an affect haveing some affinitie with the Diabete as that wherein the water is involuntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with pain The causes The external causes of a strangurie are the too abundant drinking of cold water and all too long stay in a cold place The internal causes are the defluxion of cold humors into the urinarie parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also and all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegm gravel and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this disease diverse medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therefore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. roses origanum calamint and the like and so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oil of bays and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drink and that not only in this cause but also when the strangurie happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a gross and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethorick But if inflammation together with a Plethora oâ— fulness hath caused this affect we may according to Galens advice Ad aphor 48. sect 7. heal it by blood-letting But if obstruction be in fault that shall be taken away by diureticks either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speak of the Dysuria or difficultie of making water because the remedies are in general the same with those which are used in the Ischuriae or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholick WHensoever the guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth and if the fault be in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos and Miserere mei but if it be in
garlick have not their heads troubled Garlick good against the Plague nor their inward parts inflamed as Country-People and such as are used to it to such there can be no more certain preservative and Antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnal obscurity then to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fills up the passages thereof and strengthneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Air we must wholly shun and avoid Rain-water What water to be made choice of in the plague-time because it cannot but be infected by the contagion of the Air. Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapors contained in the Earth you must make choice of Rain-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boyling it and to prefer that water before other which is pure and clear to the sight and without either taste or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordial Remedies by which we may preserve our Bodies in fear of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they go from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis Aqua Theriacalis good against the Plague both inwardly taken and outwardly applied or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sack is much commended being drunk and rubbing the Nostrils Mouth and Ears with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expells poyson and is not only good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it self For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in June at which time all simple medicines by the vital heat of the Sun ate in their greatest efficacy The composition thereof The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Ciperus Tormentil Diptam or Fraxella Elecampane of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Carduus Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheeps-sorrel of each half a handful of the tops of Rue a little quantity of Mittle-berries one ounce of red Rose-leaves the flowers of Bugloss Borage and S. Johns wott of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dried and maceâ—ated for the space of twenty-four hours in one pound of white wine or Malmsie and of Rose-water or Sorrel-water then let them be put in a vessel of glass and add thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each four ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be received in a Glass-Viol and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half an ounce then let the glass be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten dayes Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needful It may be given without hurt to sucking children and to Women great with childe But that it may be the more pleasant it must be strained through an Hippocras-bag adding thereto some sugar and cinnamon Some think themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampane Zedoary or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed between their teeth Others drink every morning one dram of the root of Gentian bruised being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white wine Others take Worm-wood-wine Others sup in a rare egg one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horn with a little Saffron and drink two ounces of wine after it There be some that do infuse Bole-Armenick the roots of Gentian Tormentil Diptam the berries af Juniper Cloves Mace Cinnamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordial water that followeth is of great vertue A cordial water Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolechia Tormentil Diptam of each three drams of Zedoary two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns-wort Sorrel Rue Sage of each half an ounce of Bay and Juniper-berries of each three drams Citron-feeds one Dram Cloves Macc Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastich Olibanum Bole-Armenick Terra Sitillata shavings of Harts horn and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron one scruple of the Conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Champhire half a dram of aqua vitae half a pinte of white wine two pints and a half make thereof a dissillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Eâ—ectuary following is very effectual Take of the best Treacle three ounces A Cordial Electuary Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds of each one dram and a half of Bole-Armenick prepared half an ounce of the powder of the Electuary de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horn and red Coral of each one dram mix them with the syrup of the rindes and juice of Pome-Citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the form of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherries Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordial thing or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into tablets An Opiate Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoary Elecampane of two drams of Citron and Sorrel-seeds of each half a dram of the dried rindes of Citrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper-berties and Saffron of each one scruple of conserve of Roses and Bugloss of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram let him take one of them two hours before meat or make thereof a Opiate with equal parts of conserves of Bugloss and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest drie and in powder Another Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentil Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each half an ounce of saffron Mace Nutmegs of each half a dram of Bole-Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrup of Lemmons as much as will be sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Another Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochiaes of Gentian Tormentil Diptam of each one dram and a half of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royal of each two drams of Bay and Juniper-berries Citron-seeds of each four scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of
each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Sanders of each one dram of Male-Frankincense i. Olibanum Mastich shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron half a dram of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral Pearl of each one dram of conserves of Roses Bugloss-flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Loaf-sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up add two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose water one scruple make thereof an Opiare according to Art the dose thereof is from half a dram to half a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordial medicines adding for every half ounce of them one ounce and an half of Conserves of Roses or of Bugloss or of Violets and three drams of Bole-Armenick prepared Of these being mixt with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve it must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must â—huse that treacle that is not less then fower years old nor above twelve that which is somewhat â—ew is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remains in its full vertue for a year but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becometh very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectual both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubard with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the coming of the pestilent Air as also this composition following A Confection to be taken in the morning against the pestilent Air. Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Bugloss of each three drams of Citron-seeds half an ounce of Annise-seeds and Fennel-seeds of each one dram of Angelica-Roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a confection and cover it with leaves of Gold to take a little of it upon a spoon before you to abroad every morning Or take of Pine-apple-kernels and Fistick-nuts A March-pans infused for the space of six hours in the water of Scabions and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters half a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pills of each one dram and an half of Angelica-roots four scruples make them according to art unto the form of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectual in such a case Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentil Valerian Elecampane Eringoes of each half a dram of Bole-Armenck Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrel-Seeds and Zedoary of each one scruple of the species of the electuary Diamargariton frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Bugloss preserved-Citton-pills Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine Sugar dissolved in Scabions and Carduus-water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat Pills of Ruffus The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives so that Ruffus himself saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes half a dram of Gum-Ammoniacum two drams of Myrrh two drams and an half of Mastich two drams of Saffron seven grains put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrup of Limons and make thereof a mass and let it be kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat and let him drink the water of Sorrel after it which through its tartness and the thinness of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrel being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtful And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pills Aloes doth clense and purge Myrrh resists putrefaction Mastich strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that govern the body especially the vital and animal Other pills Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrh half an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarb in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Mastich one dram and a half of Citron-seeds twelve grains powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a mass with the syrup of Maiden-hair let it be used as aforesaid If the mass begin to wax hard the pills that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrup of Limons Other pills Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrh half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoary red Sanders of each one dram of Bole-Armenick prepared two drams of red coral half an ounce of Camphiâ—e half a scruple make thereof pills according to art But those that are subject or apt to the hoemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldom to use those kinds of pills that do receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasel-nut of the preservative following and drank a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two Figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of Salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stung by some venomous beast and for this only because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with childe the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawn away from the childe Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of local medicines to be applyed outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to be neglected to be applyed outwardly or carryed in the hand And such are all aromatical astringent or spirituous things which therefore are endued with vertue to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from coming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and brain Of this kinde are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worm-wood Cloves Nut-megs
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stâ—rax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many cloaths and warm brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use Swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groins and arm-holes to provoke sweat for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humors in the fever and also to drive forth the malignity in the pestilence although every sweat brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germany that did sweat so for the space of three daies that the blood came forth at her head and brest and yet nevertheless she died A sudorifick potion This potion following will provoke sweat Take the roots of China shaved in thin pieces one ounce and half of Guaicum two ounces of the bark of Tamarisk one ounce of Angelica-roots two drams of the shavings of Harts-horn one ounce of Juniper-berries three drams put them into a viol of glass that will contain six quarts put thereto four quarts of running or river-water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the ashes and in the morning boil them all in Balneo Mariae untill the half be consumed which will be done in the space of six hours then let them be strained through a bag and then strained again but let that be with six ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leavs of Dictamnus A sudorifick powder the roots of Tormentil Betony of each half an ounce of Bole-Armenick prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrh of each half a dram of Saffron one dram of Mastich two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrel and let the patient walk so soon as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before A distilled water against the Plague The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus Benedictus Burnet of each one handful of Sorrel seeds and Devils-bit of each two pugils of Ivy and Juniper-berries of each half an ounce of the flowers of Bugloss Violets and red-Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grosly then soak or steep them for a night in white wine and Rose-water then add thereto of Bole-Armenick one ounce of Treacle half an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keep the distilled liquor in a viol of glass well covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take six ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinnamon and Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the treacle and cordial-cordial-water formerly prescribed Another are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrel six handfuls of Rue one handful dry them and macerate them in vinegar for the space of four and twenty hours adding thereto four ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water be kept for your use What means to be used in sweating and so soon as the patient doth think himself to be infected let him take four ounces of that liquor then let him walk and sweat He must leave sweating when he beginneth to wax faint and weak or when the humor that runs down his body begins to wax cold then his body must be wiped with warm cloaths and dried The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomach for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity go inwardly with the heat and spirits unto the principal parts but if the patient be much inclined to sleep he must be kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tied about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keep him from sleep dissolve Castoreum in tart vinegar and aqua vitae and let it be injected into his nostrils and let him be kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venom and let him not sleep above three or four hours on a day and a night In the mean time leâ— the Physician that shall be present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weak you must not let him eat within three hours after his sweating in the mean season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron eonserve of Roses bread tosted and steeped in wine the meat of preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principal parts THere are also some topick medicines to be reckoned amongst Antidotes Whereof they must be made which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordial and hepatick Epithems for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate air far from the bowels they may be made of cordial things not only hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercuss They must be applied warm with scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle do not possess the regions of the most noble parts Repercussives not fit to be applied to Carbuncles for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithems after the following forms â„ž aquar ros plantag solan an â„¥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an â„¥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an Ê’ iii. theriac vet â„¥ ss camph. ℈ â—i croci ℈ i. carioph Ê’ ss misce fiat epithema Or else â„ž aqu ros plantag an â„¥ x. aceti ros â„¥ iv caryoph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an Ê’ i ss camphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithema Or â„ž aquar rosar melissae an â„¥ iv aceti ros â„¥ iii. sant rub Ê’ i. caryophil Ê’ ss croci ℈ ii camphurae ℈ i. boli arm terra sigil zedoar an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else â„ž aceti ros aquae rosat an lb. ss camphuraeÊ’ ss theriac mithridat an Ê’i fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph buglos acetosae
his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bit with venomous beasts If they bind broom above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venom from dispersing it self or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venom from going any nearer the heart Some take of the root of Elecampane Gentian Tormentil Kermes-berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half a dram they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of four and twenty hours in white wine and aqua vitae on the warm embers and then strain it and give the patient three or four ounces thereof to drink this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poysons and the potion following hath the same virtue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a bean A Potion dissolve them in white wine and a little aqua vitae and let the patient drink it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with half a dram of Treacle and vinegar under the embers and then strain it and mix the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrel Carduus Benedictus or any other cordial thing and with strong wine and give the paticet to drink thereof to provoke sweat to repel the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a Nut of Rue and celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little aqua vitae then strain it and give the patient thereofto drink There besome that do drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallows with three ounces of Vinegar and half an ounce of the oil of Wall-nuts and then by much walking do unburthen their stomach and belly upwards end downwards and so are helped When the venomous air hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dried leaves of the Bay-tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunk is thought to be a most soveraign medicine to provoke sweat loosnes of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the Electuary de Gemmis will drive away the pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit loosness of the belly and seat one dram of Calcauchum of white Copperas dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oil of Scorpions with white wine to expel the the poyson by vomit and therewithall they annoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrists of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but only move the humors whereby cometh a Fever When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomach and with-hold the agitation or working of the humors and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first of the pain of the head The cause of phrensie in the Plague IF the malignity be carried into the brain and nature be not able to expel it it inflames not only it but also the menbranes that cover it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgment and sometimes the memory according to the situation of the inflamation whether it be in the former or hinder or middle part of the head but hereof cometh alwaies a Phrensie with fiery redness of the eies and face and heaviness and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clysters and with opening the Cephalick vein in the arm the arteries of the Temples must be opened taking so much blood out of them The benefit of opening an artery as the greatness of the Symptoms and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening an arterie will close and joyn together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of the vein And of such an incision of an artery cometh present help by reason that tensive and sharp vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious blood It were also very good to provoke a flux of blood at the nose Aph. 10. sect 6. if nature be apt to exonerate her self that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or blood flow out at the nostrils mouth or ears it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or pricking of the inner side of the nostrils by pricking with an hors hair and long holding down of the head An history The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby be was freed of a pestilent Fever which he had before a great sweat arising there-withall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration To stay bleeding and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the blood do flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands arms and legs must be tied with hands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arm-holes cupping glasses must be applied unto the dugs the region of the Liver and Spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doun of the willow-tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the hairs plucks from he flank belly or throat of an Hare Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantaine and Knot-grass mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a cool place But if the patient be nothing mitigated notwithstanding all these fluxes of blood we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose forms are these Medicines to procure sleep Take of green Lettuce one handful flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white-Poppy bruised of the four cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisins of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and a half of Diacodium make thereof a large potion to be given when they go to rest Also Barly-cream may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrel of each two ounces adding thereto six or eight grains of Opium of the four cold seeds and of white-Poppy seeds of each half an ounce and let the same be boiled in broth with Lettuce and Purslain also the pils de Cynoglesso i. e. Hounds-tongue
may be given Clysters that provoke sleep must be used which may be thus prepared Take of Barly-water half a pirate oil of Violets and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the water of Plantain and Purslain or rather of their juice three ounces of Camphire seven grains and the whites of three eggs make thereof a Clyster The head must be fomented with Rose-vinegar the hair being first shaved away leaving a double cloth wet therein on the same and often renewed Sheeps-lungs taken warm out of the bodies may be applyed to the head as long as they are warm Cupping-glasses with and without scarification may be applied to the neck and shoulder-blades The arms and legs must be strongly bound being first well rubbed to divert the sharp vapors and humors from the head Frontals may also be made on this manner Take of the oil of Rose and water-Lillies of each two ounces of the oil of Poppy half an ounce of Opium one dram of Rose-vinegar one ounce of Camphire half a dram mix them together Also Nodulaes may be made of the flowers of Poppies Henbane water-Lillies Mandrags beaten in rose-Rose-water with a little Vinegar and a little Camphire and let them be often applied to the nostrils for this purpose Cataplasms also may be laid to the forehead As Take of the mucilage of the seeds of Psilium id est Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted in rose-Rose-water three ounces of Barly-meal four ounces of the powder of Rose-leaves the flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each half an ounce of the seeds of Poppies and purslain of each two ounces A Cataplasm of the water and vinegar of Roses of each ounces make thereof a Cataplasm and apply it warm to the head Or take of the juice of Lettuce of water-Lillies Henbane purslain of each half a pinte of Rose-leaves in powder the seeds of Poppy of each half an ounce oil of Roses three ounces of vinegar two ounces of Barlie-meal as much as shall suffice make thereof a Cataplasm in the form of a liquid Pultis When the heat of the head is mitigated by these medicines and the inflamtion of the brain asswaged we must come unto digesting and resolving fomentations which may disperse the matter of the vapours But commonly in pain of the head they do use to binde the forehead and hinder part of the head very strongly which in this case must be avoided CHAP. XXVII Of the heat of the Kidneyes THe heat of the kidnies tempered by anointing with unguent refrigerans Galeni newly made adding thereto the whites of eggs well beaten that so the ointment may keep moist the longer let this liniment be renewed every quarter of an hour wiping away the reliques â—â—â—e old Or â„ž aq ros lb. ss succi plant â„¥ iv alb ovorum iv olei rosacei nenuph. an â„¥ ii An ointment for the reins acetires â„¥ iii. misce ad usum When you have annointed the part lay thereon the leaves of water-Lillies or the like old herbs and then presently thereupon a double linnen cloth dipped in oxycrate and wrung out again and often changed the patient shall not lie upon a fether-bed but on a quilt stuffed with the chaff of Oats or upon a Mat with many doubted cloaths or Chamlet spread thereon An ointment for the heart To the region of the heart may in the mean time he applied a refrigerating and alexiterial medicine as this which followeth â„ž ung rosat â„¥ iii. olei nonupharini â„¥ i. acet ros aq ros an â„¥ i. theriacae Ê’i croci Ê’ ss Of these melted and mixed otgether make a soft ointment which spred upon a scarlet cloth maybe applied to the region of the heart Or â„ž theriaca opt Ê’i ss The noise of dropping water draws on sleep succi citri acidi limonis an â„¥ ss coral rub sem rosar rub an Ê’ss camphurae croci an grain iii. let them be all mixed together and make an ointment or liniment At the head of the patient as he lies in his bed shall be set an Ewer or cock with a basin under it to receive the water which by the dropping may resemble rain Let the soles of the feet and palms of the hands be gently scratched and the patient lie far from noise and so at length he may fall to some rest CHAP. XXVIII Of the Eruptions and Spots which commonly are called by the name of Purples and Tokens THe skin in pestilent Fevers The differences of the spots in the Plague is marked and variegated in divers places with spots like unto the bitings of Fleas or Gnats which are not alwaies simple but many times arise in form like unto a grain of miller The more spots appear the better it is for the patient they are of divers colours according to the virulencie of the malignity and condition of the matter as red yellow brown violet or purple blew and black Their several names and the reasons of them And because for the most part they are of a purple colour therefore we call them purples Others call them Lenticulae because they have the colour and form of Lentiles They are also called Papiliones i. Butterflies because they do suddenly seize or fall upon divers regions of the body like unto winged Butterflies somtimes the face sometimes the arms and legs and sometimes all the whole body oftentimes they do not only affect the upper part of the skin but go deeper into the flesh When signs of death specially when they proceed matter that is gross and adust They do sometimes appear great and broad affecting the whole arm leg or face like unto an Erysipelas to conclude they are divers according to the variety of the humor that offends in quantity or quality If they are of a purple or black colour with often swounding and sink in suddenly without any manifest cause they fore-shew death The cause of the breaking out of those Spots is the working or heat of the blood by reason of the cruelty of the venom receieed or admitted They often arise at the beginning of a pestilent Fever many times before the breaking out of the Sore or Botch or Carbuncle and many times after but then they shew so great a corruption of the humors in the bodie that neither the sores nor carbuncles will suffice to receive them and therefore they appear as fore-runners of death Somtimes they break out alone without a botch or carbuncle which if they be red and have no evil symptoms joyned with them they are not went to prove deadly they appear for the most part on the third or fourth day of the disease and sometimeslater and sometimes they appear not before the patient be dead because the working or heat of the humours being the off-spring of putrefaction is not as yet restrained and ceased Why they sometimes appear after the death of the patient Wherefore then principally the putrid heat which is greatest a little
notwihstanding will suddenly bring the patient to destruction like those that are black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kinds of tumors CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appears apply a Cupping-glass with a great flame unto it The use of cupping-glasses in curing of a Bubo unless it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skin must be anointed with the oil of Lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glass may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to stick to the part for the space of a quarter of an hour and be renewed and applied again every three quarters of an hour for so at length the venom should be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak the work of suppuration or resolution which so ever nature hath assailed will the better and sooner be absolved and perfected which may be also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Vnguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a half oil of Scorpions half an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae half a dram this liniment will very well relax and loosen the skin open the pores thereof and spend forth portion of the matter which the Cupping-glass hath drawn thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may be made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A visicatory applyed in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above A liniment as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder blade on the same side if it be in the arm-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arm or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venom is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsmart Bear-foot Briony the middle bark of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-power are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each half a dram A compound vesicatory of sower leaven two drams of Mustard one dram and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restrain the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oil or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coal on the place for so you may raise blisters which must presently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open and flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red-colworts Beets or Ivy dipped in warm water and annointed with oil or fresh butter Some apply Cauteries Why vesicatories are better then cauteries in a pestilent Bubo but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may die therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venom because that doth work rather by its quality then by its quantity Let the abscess be fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue Strong drawing cataplasmes then rost it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines-grease and so apply it warm unto the abscess or sore let it be changed every six hours Or take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each half a pound of Line Fenugreek and mustard-seeds of each half an ounce of Treacle one dram ten Figs and as much Hogs-grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasm according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlick rosted in the Embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sowr leaven adding thereto Vnguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dram Mithridate half a dram of old Hogs-grease one ounce of Cantharides in powder one scruple of Pigeons-dung two drams beat them and mix them together into the form of a cataplasm Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therefore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these until the abscess be grown unto its full ripeness and bigness but it presently after the beginning there be great inflammation with sharp pain as it often happeneth especially when the abscesses be of the kinde of Carbuncles we must abstain from those remedies that are hot and attractive and also from those that are very emplastick and clammy because they do altogether close the pores of the skin or because they resolve the thinner part of the collected matter which if it might remain would bring the other sooner to suppuration or else because they may perchance draw more quantity of the hot matter then the part can bear whereof cometh rather corruption then maturation and last of all because they increase the fever and pain which infer the danger of a Convulsion or mortal Gangrene Therefore in such a case it is best to use cold and temperate local medicines as the leaves of Henbane and Sortel rosted under the coals Galen's pultise and such like Against such as cut away Plague-sores There are many that for fear of death have with their own hands pulled away the Bubo with a pair of Smiths-pincets others have digged the flesh round about it and so gotten it wholly out And to conclude others have become so mad that they have thrust an hot iron into it with their own hand that the venom might have a passage forth of all which I do not allow one for such abscesses do not come from without as the bitings of virulent beasts but from within and moreover because pain is by these means increased and the humor is made more malign and fierce Therefore I think it sufficient to use medicines that relax open the pores of the skin and digest portion of the venom by transpiration A digestive fomentaâ—ion as are these that follow Take the roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each six ounces of Camomil and Melilot-flowers of each half a handful of Lin-seeds half an ounce of the leaves of Rue half an handful boil them and strain them dip sponges in the straining An anodyne Cataplasm and therewith let the tumor be fomented along time Or take the crum of hot bread and sprinkle it with treacle-Treacle-water or with Aqua-vitae and Cows-milk or Goats-milk and the yelks of three Eggs put them all on stupes or flax and apply them warm unto the place Or take of sowr Rie-leaven
lb. ii cer lb. ss terebinth gum De Althaea heder galb an â„¥ i. coloph. et resin â„¥ iii. The roots and seeds being bruised are infused for three daies in five pints of water boil them until three ounces be consumed and then draw forth the Mucilage and boil it with the Oil then add Wax cut small these being taken from the fire the Galbanum being dissolved with Vineger and mingled with the Turpentine must be added together with the Gum Hederae Colophony and Rosin â„ž Ocul populi arb lb. i ss fol. papaveris nigr Mandrag hyoscyami lactucae sempervivi parvi et magni Ung. Populeumâ— violae nigrae solani umbilici Veneris seu cymbalar bardanae an â„¥ ss Cordus Fernelius et Nicolaus singulorum â„¥ iii. praescribunt Adipis suilli recentis salis expertis lb. ii vini boni lb i. fiat Vnguentum The Popular buds and Violet leaves must be bruised and macerated in the Axungia for the space of two months that is until the rest of the herbs be ready for they cannot be gathered before the Summer time but the poplar buds and Violets may be had in March They must be bruised and mingled very well and set in a warm place for eight daies then add one pint of strong Vinegar and boil them till it be consumed which may be perceived by casting a little of it into the fire then strain it forth and put up the ointment â„ž Tereb cer alb res an Ê’xiv Opopanacis Ung. Apostolorum floris seu viridis aeris nam hic flos aeris non propriè accipitur pro granulis quae scintillarum instar ab aere exiliunt dum a fabris ferrariis aqua tingitur sed pro viridi aeris usurpatur cujus contra maligna ulcera notae sunt vires contra quae omnino id Vnguentum est comparatum an Ê’ii ammon â„¥ xiv aristol lon thuris masculian Ê’ vi myrrhae et galbani anÊ’iii bdellii Ê’ vi Lytharg Ê’ ix olei lb ii fiat unguentum The Litharge is to be mingled with two ounces of Oil for the space of five hours and with a gentle fiâ—e to be boiled untill it come to the consistence of hony and be alwaies stirring lest it burn being taken from the fire and warm the Wax and the Rosin being dissolved with the rest of the oil must be added Then put to it when it is cooling the Gums dissolved in Vinegar boiled and incorporated with the Turpentine Then the Aristilochia Myrrh and Frankincense are to be mingled and last of all the Verdigrease being in fine powder and sprinckled in and so the unguent is made â„ž Cortic. median castan cortic median quere cortic median gland myrtil eques cortic fabar Comitissa acinor uvar sorbor siccor immatur mespillor immaturor â—ad chelidon folior prunor sylvest an â„¥ i ss Aquae plantaginis lb viii cer nov â„¥ viii ss olei myrtillor lb ii ss Then these things which follow being finely powdred are to be sprinkled in â„ž Pulveris corticis mediani castan corticis mediani gland cortic median arb gland id est querc gallar an â„¥ i. Cinâ—ris oss cruris bovis myrtill acinor uvar. sorbor siccor an â„¥ ss Trochiscorum de carabe â„¥ ii fiat Vnguentum First make a decoctâ—on corticis mediani arboris quercús acini uvar. rad chelid mespil forbor equis seminis myrtil folior pruni sylvestris cort fabar cortic mediani gland cortic castan gallar in the Plantain water for the space of two hours then strain it and divide the liquor into nine parts washing the Wax dissolved with the oil of Myrtils seven times the liquor being all spent and the Wax and oil being melted then insperge the powders Cruris bovis assium cortic median quire median cortic gland castan gallar â—orbâ—r mespil semâ—num myrtil acinor uvar. and at the last the Trochisces carab after this manner shall you make this Ointment â„ž Olei absinth mastich de spic rosat an â„¥ ss pulver absinth ros major menth an Ê’i Ung pro stomacho Caryoph cinam mastich galang an Ê’i Powder those things which are to be powdred and with a sufficient quantity of Wax make a soft ointment wherewith let the stomach be annointed one hour before meals continually â„ž Cer. alb lb ii cerus litharg auri an lb. i. myrrh medul cervi an â„¥ ii thuris â„¥ i. olei lb. ss Ung. ad morsâ—â— rabiosos ex li. 1. Gal. de comp sec genera Boil the Litharge in the oil to a mean consistence then add to the wax and Ceruss and when it will not stick to the fingers take it from the fire and put in the Medulla when it beginneth to cool the Myrrha and Thus being finely powdred must be cast in by little and little and the ointment may be put up for use The chops of the fundament and emâ—llient Pessaries are likewise made of it and it is very good against the bitings of mad Dogs and the punctures of nerves and tendons keeping wounds so thâ—t they do not agglutinate â„ž Picis pinguis lb. i. Opopanacis in aceto forti oleo liliorum veteri porci axungia cocti 3. De camp med sec gen â„¥ iii. fiat Vnguentum Oleum ex sinapi is good against those bitings of mad beasts and punctized nerves for it doth open wounds when they are cicatrized Ointments are used to overcome the contumacy of a stubborn evill by their firm and close sticking to especially if there shall need no medicine to go further into the body CHAP. XXVII Of Cerats and Emplasters What a Cerat is SUch affinity there is in the composition of a Cerat and Emplaster that oftentime the one is taken for the other as is usually done in Ointments and Liniments A Cerat is a composition more solid and hard then an ointment The diff rences and softer then a plaster having his name from Wax which taking away the fluidness of the oil bringeth him to his consistence The differences of Cerats are taken some from the parts by which they are called as Ceratum stâ—machicum some from the effects as Ceratum refrigerans Galeni Others from the simple medicaments which are the chief in the composition as Ceratum Santalinum The proper matter of Cerats is new Wax and Oils being appropriated to the grief of these or those parts so that Liniments and Ointments do scarce differ from Cerats if they admit of Wax for if ointment of Roses should have Wax added to it it were no longer an Ointment but a Cerat Cerats which are made with Rosins Gums and Metals do rather deserve the names of Emplasters then Cerats And therefore Ceratum ad Hernias we commonly call Emplastrum contra Rupturam If that pain or inflammation do grieve any part we make Cerats of plaster dissolved with Oil lest that the more hard and heavy consistence of the Emplaster should be troublesome to the part and hinder perspiration and
prepare their Spears against any but for the safegard of themselves and their hives Of the care of Bees Their watch THey manage and order their affairs in this manner in the day-time they appoint before their gates a station of watch-men and guarders In the night they rest from their labours so long till that one who is appointed to this charge by one or two hums as by the sound of a Trumpet Their divers employments rowseth all the rest Then come they together to observe what is the state of the weather which if they foresee will be fair then abroad go they into the fields and pastures Some therefore bring into the Hive little fascicles of flowers on their thighs others water in their mouth and others a dewy moisture gathered on their bodies These are met by others who receive their burdens which they dispose in their due and proper places Those that are sent out into the fields for food are the youngest and the smallest And therefore if the wind chance to rise any thing high they expect until it cease and that the force and violence thereof be over But if it continue violent then do they ballast themselves with a litle stone flying close by the ground to prevent their being driven to and fro by the force of the wind They are exceeding diligent in all their business and do punish the sloth of the lazie oftentimes with death Some of them are the builders others polish the building and the rest bring in their materials The building in their arched hives is with wonderful artifice being made with two doors one to come in and the other to go out at They have all things alike lest that the inequality either of their food or labour They punish sloth with banâ—shment should give occasion of dissention Their care is that their houses may shew both state and handsomness Idle Drones born for nothing but to eat and consume the fruits of their labours thev chase from their Hives Those that chance to lose their stings are utterly disabled and in a short time their guts come out that way and they die They bring to the owners wonderful increase of wax and honey Aristomachus the Philosopher doth boast that for fifty eight years together Aristomachus a diligent observer of Bees he had with great care been a nourisher of Bees only that he might the better attain to the knowledg of their state and condition Of Pismires and Ants. NEither truly is the industry diligence and experience of the Pismire less worthy of admiration than that of the Bees Insomuch as that Solomon bids the sluggard to take an example of diligence from the Pismire Truly if experience did not witness it it would seem incredible that so small a creature should be able to store up such abundance of corn to dispose and manage her affairs in that good order that we see she doth Pliny saith Lib. 11. 30. that they have among them the form of a well-govern'd and well-order'd Common-weal For how pretty a sight is it to see them when they seise upon a grain they have a mind to carry away how they set to it and lift it with head and shoulders And how lest the corn which they carry to their Store-house Wonderful care should put forth and grow they bite it at one end If it be so bigg that they cannot carry it into their little hole they divide it in the middle If it be dampish they lay it out to dry in the Sun and open Air. When the Moon is at the full they follow their work in the night when she doth not shine they take their rest whereby they shew themselves to have some knowledg of heavenly things Pliny affirmeth that they have their set Fairs and Markets whither they come in great companies and where they use to establish leagues of amity and friendship one with another And when one marks them well would he not think that they were in conference one with another and that they did discourse among themselves of their business Do we not see that the often trampling of their little feet doth wear a path even upon hard flint stones From whence we may note what in all kind of things is the affect of assiduity There is nothing but may be attained by diligence They say also that they perform the rites of burial one unto another after the manner of men What words shall I use saith Plutarch to express sufficiently the diligence and industry of the Pismires There is not among all the great things in nature a sight of greater wonder than these For in the Pismires are seen the marks of all vertues Their great meetings argue that they maintain a kind of friendship Their alacrity in the undergoing of their labors seem to shew their fortitude and magnanimity The forms of all vertues exprest in Pismires and lastly they are eminent examples of temperance providence and justice Their mutual charity appeareth in this that if one of them that is not loaden meets another in one of their narrow paths that is he will give him the way that he may the better go on in his intended journey They say that the first entrance into their hole is not streight but full of many diverticles and crooked paths which in the end will bring you to three little cels in one of which they have their conventicles in the other they lay up their provisions and in the third they bury the carkasses of their dead This doth Plutarch speak concerning Pismires Of Silk-Worms WIth the industry of these creatures I shall not unfitly joyn that of the Silk-worms of whose pains and care both in the making of their nests and the spinning of their thred and bottoms wherewith Kings are so magnificently adorned Philosophers have written very strange things And who can chuse but wonder at those great endowments of skill and knowledg Diligence the mother of wealth and that exceeding industry the mother of so much wealth in the little body of so small a creature The providence therefore of God doth not only appear in this that he hath adorned each creature with a peculiar and proper endowment but in this especially that on the least creatures of all he hath bestowed the greater portion of skill industry and ingenuity to supply their defect of bodily strength Of the love of Beasts one towards another and to their young PLutarch writeth That all kind of creatures bear a singular love The industry of Partridgee in preserving their young and have a kind of care of those that are generated of them and the industry of Partridges this way is much commended for during the time that their young ones are weak and unable to fly they teach them to lye upon their backs and to hide themselves among the clods on the ground that so being almost of the same colour they may not be discerned by the
be more certain concerning this Allantoides having passed through the two former coats I came to the Infant and I put a quill into its Bladder and blew it up as forcibly as I could so to try if by that blowing I might force the air into that coat which we questioned as some have written But neither thus could I drive any air from hence through the navel into the controverted coat but rather I found it to fly out of the bladder by the privities Wherefore I am certainly perswaded that there is no Allantoides Moreover I could never find nor see in the navel that passage called the Urachus which they affirm to be the beginning and original of the coat Allantoides But if it be granted that there is no such coat as the Allantoides what discommodity will arise hereof specially seeing the sweat and urine of the Infant may easily and without any discommodity be received collected and contained in the same coat by reason of the small difference which is between them But if any object That the urine by its sharpness and touching will hurt the Infant I will answer there can be no so great sharpness in the urine of so small an Infant and that if that there be any it is tempered by the admixture of the gentle vapor of sweat Besides if you consider or have regard to the use of such an humor which is to hold up the child lest by its weight it break the ties by which it is bound to the womb we shall find no humor more fit for this purpose than this serous as which by its thickness is much more fit to bear up a weight than the thin and too liquid Sweat For so we see the Sea or Salt-water carries greater weights without danger of drowning than fresh Rivers do Wherefore I conclude that there is no need that the urine should be kept and contained in one coat and the sweat in another The Ancients who have writ otherwise have written from observations made in Beasts Wherefore we make but only two coats the Chorion and Amnios the one of which seeing it contains the other they both so encompass the child that they vest it on every side Fallopius in some sort seems to be of this opinion for he only makes two coats the Chorion and Amnios but he thinks the Infant makes the water into a certain part of the Chorion as you may perceive by reading of his Observations Both these coats are tyed between themselves by the intercourse of most slender nervous fibers and small vessels penetrating from the outer Chorion to the inner Amnios Wherefore unless you warily handle these coats you may easily tear the Amnios in separating it They are of the same temper with other membranes Their temper and use Their use is different for the Chorion is made both for the preservation of the vessels which it receives from the womb for the generating of the umbilical veins and arteries as also to keep whole and safe the parts which it invests But the Amnios is to receive and contain the excrementitious and serous humors which the childe shut up in the womb is accustomed to evacuate But this coat is very thin and soft but strong and smooth lest by its touch it might hurt the Infant whereupon it is called the Lambskin-coat CHAP. XXXV Of the Navel THe Navel follows these coats It is a white body What the Navel is somewhat resembling the wreathen cord or girdle of the Franciscan-friers but that it hath not the knots standing so far out but only swelling in certain places resembling a knot only lifted up on one side it arises and takes its original from a fleshy mass The Navel is the center of the body which we expressed by the name of swelling Cotyledones and goes into the midst of the lower belly of the Infant yea verily into the midst of the whole body whose root it is therefore said to be For even as a tree by the root sucks nourishment from the earth so the Infant in the Womb draws its nourishment by the Navel The greatness of it in breadth and thickness equals the bigness of the little finger But it is a foot and a half long so that children are brought forth with it encompassing their middle neck arms The figure and composure or legs The figure of it is round It is composed of two Arteries one vein and two coats It hath these vessels from that great multitude of capillary veins and arteries which are seen dispersed over the Chorion Wherefore the vein entring in at the Navel penetrates from thence into the hollow part of the Liver where divided into two according to Galens opinion Lib. de format foetus in utero it makes the gate and hollow-veins But the arteries carryed by themselves the length of the Navel cast themselves into the Iliacae which they make as also all other that from thence the vital spirit may be carryed by them over all the Infant It hath its two coats from the Chorion But seeing they are mutually woven and conjoyned without any medium and are of a sufficient strength and thickness over all the Navel they may seem to make the Infants external skin and fleshy Pannicle I know very many reckon two Umbilical veins as also arteries and the Urachus by or through which the Urine flows into the coat Allantoides There is only one Vein in a childs Navel but no Urachus But because this is not to be found in Women but only Beasts I willingly omit it because I do not intend to mention any parts but such as belong to humane bodies Yet if there be any which can teach me that these parts which I think proper to brute beasts are to be found in women I will willingly confess that to his credit from whom I have reaped such benefit The other things that may be required concerning the Navel as of its number site connexion temper and use may easily appear by that we have spoken before For we have apparently set down the use when we said the Navel was made for that purpose that the Infant may be nourished by it as the tree by the root by reason of the continuation of the vessels thereof with the preparing spermatick vessels made by God for that purpose To whom be honor and glory for ever and ever Amen The End of the third Book The FOURTH BOOK Treating of the Vital parts contained in the CHEST The PREFACE HAving finished the first Book of our Anatomy in explanation of the natural parts contained in the lower Belly Now order requires that we treat of the Brest that so the parts in some sort already explained I mean the Veins and Arteries may be dispatched after the same order and manner without interposition of any other matter And besides also that we may the more exactly and chearfully shew the rest of the parts which remain as the Head and Limbs knowing already
Tertian a great pricking stretching or stiffness as if there were pins thrust into us over all our bodies by reason of the acrimony of the cholerick humor driven uncertainly and violently over all the body and the sensible membranous and nervous particles at the beginning of the fit then presently the heat becomes acrid the Feaver kindled like a fire in dry straw the pulse is great quick and equal the tongue dry the Urin yellowish red and thin The Symptoms are watchings thirst The Symptomes talking idlely anger disquietness and tossing the body at the least noise or whispering These Feavers are terminated by great sweats They are incident to cholerick young men such as are lean Why Tertians have an absolute cessation of the feaver at the end of each fit and in Summer after the fit oft-times follow cholerick vomiting and yellowish stools After the fit there follows an absolute intermission retaining no reliques of the Feaver until the approach of the following fit because all the cholerick matter by the force of that Fit and Nature is easily cast out of the body by reason of its natural levity and facility whereas in Quotidians there is to such thing as which after the fit always leave in the body a sense and feeling of a certain inequality by reason of the stubbornness of the Phlegmatick humor and dulness to motion The fit commonly uses to endure 4 5 or 6 hours although at some time it may be extended to 8 or 10. This Feaver is ended at 7 fits and usually is not dangerous unless there be some error committed by the Physitian Patient or such as attend him Tertians in Summer are shorter in Winter longer Wherefore the beginning of the fit is accompanyed with stifness or stretching the state with sweat whereupon if the Nose Lips or Mouth break forth into pimples or scabs it is a sign of the end of the Feaver and of the power of Nature which is able to drive the conjunct cause of the disease from the center to the habit of the Body yet these pimples appear not in the declining of all Tertians but only then when the cholerick humor causing the Feaver shall reside in the Stomach or is driven thither from some other part of the first region of the Liver For hence the subtler portion thereof carryed by the continuation of the inner coat to the mouth and nose by its acrimony easily causes Pimples in these places The cure is performed by Diet and Pharmacy Therefore let the Diet be so ordered for the six things not natural The diet of such as have a Tertian When such as have a tertian may use wine The time of feeding the Patient that it may incline to refrigeration and humection as much as the digestive faculty will permit as Lettuce Sorrel Gourds Cowcumbers Mallows Barly Creams Wine mâ—ch alla d with Water thin small and that sparingly and not before signs of concoction shall appear in the Urin for at the beginning he may not use Wine nor in the declining but with these conditions which we have prescribed But for the time of feeding the Patient on that day the fit is expected he must eat nothing for three hours before the fit lest the Aguish heat lighting on such meats as yet crude may corrupt and putrefie them whence the matter of the Feaver may be increased because it is as proper to that heat to corrupt all things as to the native to preserve and vindicate from putrefaction the fit lengthened and nature called away from the concoction and excretion of the Morbifick humor yet we may temper the severity of this Law by having regard to the strength of the Patient for it will be convenient to feed a weak Patient not only before the fit but also in the fit it self but that only sparingly lest the strength should be too much impaired Now for Pharmacy It must be considered whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient When to purge the Patient if the humors abound for then you may prescribe Diaprunum simplex Cassia newly extracted the decoction of Violets of Citrin Myrobalanes Syrups of Violets Roses of Pomegranats and Vinegar But if the powers of the Patient languish he must not only not be purged but also must not draw bloud too plenteously because Cholerick men soon faint by reason of the facile and easie dissipation of the subtle humors and spirits besides such as are subject to Tertian Feavers do not commonly abound with bloud unless it be with Cholerick bloud which must rather be renued or amended by cooling and humecting things than evacuated Yea verily when it is both commodious and necessary to evacuate the body it may be attempted with far more safety by such things as work by insensible transpiration which provoke sweats Vomit or Urin by reason of the subtlety of the Cholerick humor than by any other Also the frequent use of emollient Clysters made with a decoction of Prunes Jujubes Violets Bran and Barley will profit much If the Patient fall into a Delirium or talk idlely by reason of the heat and dryness of the head with a particular excess of the cholerick humor the Head must be cooled by applying to the Temples and Forehead and putting into the Nose Oyl of Violets Roses or Womans Milk Let the feet and legs be bathed in fair and warm water and the soles of the feet be anointed with Oyl of Violets and such like In the declining a Bath made of the branches of Vines the leaves of Willows Lettuce and other refrigerating things boiled in fair water may be profitably used three hours after meat eaten sparingly When the time is fit to use a Bath But I would have you so to understand the Declination or declining not of one particular fit but of the disease in general that the humors already concocted allured to the skin by the warmness of the Bath may more easily and readily breathe forth he which otherwise ordains a Bath at the beginning of the disease will cause a constipation in the skin and habit of the body by drawing thither the humors peradventure tough and gross no evacuation going before What kinds of evacuations are most fit in a Tertian Also it will be good after general purgations to cause sweat by drinking white Wine thin and well tempered with water but Urin by a decocton of Smallage and Dill Certainly sweat is very laudable in every putrid Feaver because it evacuates the conjunct matter of the disease but chiefly in a Tertian by reason that choler by its inbred levity easily takes that way and by its subtilty is easily resolved into sweat But that the sweat may be laudable it is fit it be upon a critical day and be fore-shewed by signs of concoction agreeable to the time and manner of the disease Sweats when as they flow more slowly are forwarded by things taken inwardly and applyed outwardly Sudorificks by things taken inwardly
cast up any quantity of phlegm by vomit and that fit be determinated in a plentiful sweat it shews the Feaver will not long last for it argues the strength of nature the yielding and tenuity of the matter flying up and the excretion of the conjunct cause of the Feaver A Quotidian Feaver is commonly long because the phlegmatick humor being cold Why Quotidians are oft-times long Into what diseases a Quartain usually changes and moist by nature is heavy and unapt for motion neither is it without fear of a greater disease because oft-times it changes into a burning or Quartain feaver especially if it be bred of salt Phlegm for saltness hath affinity with bitterness wherefore by adustion it easily degenerates into it so that it need not seem very strange if Salt phlegmby adustion turn into choler or melancholy Those who recover of a Quotidian-feaver have their digestive faculty very weak wherefore they must not be nourished with store of meats nor with such as are hard to digest In a Quotidian the whole body is filled with crude humors whereby it comes to pass that this Feaver oft-times lasts sixty days But have a care you be not deceived and take a double Tertian for a Quotidian How to distinguish a quotidian from a double tertian because it takes the Patient every day as a Quotidian doth Verily it will be very easie to distinguish these Feavers by the kind of the humor and the propriety of the Symptoms and accidents besides Quotidian commonly take one in the evening or the midst of the night as then when our bodies are refrigerated by the coldness of the air caused by the absence of the Sun Wherefore then the cold humors are moved in us which were bridled a little before by the presence and heat of the Sun But on the contrary double Tertians take one about noon The shortness and gentleness of the fit the plentiful sweat breaking forth the matter being concocted causes us to think the Quotidian short and salutary The cure is performed by two means to wit Diet and Pharmacy Diet. Let the Diet be slender and attenuating let the Patient breathe in a clear air moderately hot and dry let his meats be bread well baked Cock or Chicken broths in which have been boiled the roots of Parsley Sorrel and the like Neither at sometimes will the use of hot meats as those which are spiced and salted When the use of spiced and salted meats are fit be unprofitable especially to such as have their stomach and liver much cooled Let him eat Chickens Mutton Partridge and small Birds River-fishes and such as live in stony-Stony-waters fryed or boyled rear Eggs and such like These fruits are also good for him Raisons stewed Prunes Almonds and Dates Let his drink be small white Wine mixed with boyled water Moderate exexercises will be good as also frictions of the whole body sleep taken at a fitting time and proportioned to waking so that the time of sleep fall not upon the time of the fit When sleep is hurtful for then it hurts very much for calling the heat to the inner parts it doubles the raging of the feaverish heat inwardly in the bowels For the the passions of the mind the Patient must be merry and comforted with a hope shortly to recover his health It seems not amiss to some at the coming of the fit to put the feet and legs into hot water in which Chamomil Dill Melilot Marjerom Sage and Rosemary have been boyled The medicines shall be such syrups as are called digestive and aperitive Medicines as Syrup of Wormwood Mints of the five opening roots Oxymel with a decoction of Chamomil Calamint Melilot Dill and the like or with common decoctions The Purgatives shall be Diaphaenicon Electuarium Diacarthami Hiera picra Agarick Turbith of which you shall make Potions with the water of Mints Balm Hyssop Sage Fennel Endive or the like Pillulae aureae are also good These purgatives shall sometimes be given in form of a bole with Sugar as the Physitian being present shall think most fit and agreeable to the nature of the Patient About the state of the disease you must have a care of the Stomach Care must be bad of the Stomach Vomits and principally of the mouth thereof as being the chief seat of Phlegm wherefore it will be good to anoint it every other day with Oil of Chamomil mixed with a little white Wine as also to unlade it by taking a vomit of the juyce of Radish and much Oxymel or with the decoction of the seeds and roots of Asarum and Chamomill and Syrup of Vinegar will be very good especially at the beginning of the fit when Nature and the humors begin to move for an inveterate Quotidian The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian though you can cure it by no other remedy nothing is thought to conduce so much as one dram of old Treacle taken with Sugar in form of a Bole or to drink it dissolved in Aqua vitae CHAP. XXIV Of a Scirrhus or an hard tumor proceeding of Melancholy HAving shewed the nature of tumors caused by bloud choler and phlegm it remains we speak of these which are bred of a melancholick humor of these there are said to be four differences The first is of a true and legitimate Scirrhus that is What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegimate Scirrhus is of an hard tumor endued with little sense and so commonly without pain generated of a natural melancholick humor The second is of an illegitimate Scirrhus that is of an hard tumor insensible and without pain of a Melancholick humor concrete by too much resolving and refrigerating The third is of a cancrous Scirrhus bred by the corruption and adustion of the Melancholick humor The fourth of a phlegmonous Erysipelous or Oedematous Scirrhus caused by Melancholy mixed with some other humor The cause of all these kinds of Tumors is a gross tough and tenacious humor concrete in any part But the generation of such an humor in the body happens either of an ill and irregular diet or of the unnatural affects of the Liver or Spleen as obstruction or by suppression of the Haemorrhoids or Courses The Signs The signs are hardness renitency a blackish colour and a dilation of the veins of the affected part with blackishness by reason of the abundance of the gross humor The illegitimate or bastard Scirrhus which is wholly without pain and sense and also the cancerous admit no cure and the true legitimate scarse yield to any Prognostick Those which are brought to suppuration easily turn into Cancers and Fistula's these tumors though in the beginning they appear little yet in process of time they grow to a great bigness CHAP. XXV Of the cure of a Scirrhus THe Cure of a Scirrhus chiefly consists of three heads First The Physitian shall prescribe a convenient diet that is sober and
Iron so thrust into a Trunk or Pipe with an hole in it that so no sound part of the mouth may be offended therewith A hollow Trunk with a hole in the side with the hot Iron inserted or put therein CHAP. VIII Of the Angina or Squinzy What it is THe Squinancy or Squincy is a Swelling of the jaws which hinders the entring of the ambient air into the Weazon and the vapours and the spirit from passage forth and the meat also from being swallowed The differences There are three differences thereof The first torments the Patient with great pain no swelling being outwardly apparent by reason the Morbisick humor lyes hid behind the Almonds or Glandules at the Vertebrae of the Neck The first kind so that it cannot be perceived unless you hold down the Tongue with a Spatula or the Speculum oris for so you may see the redness and tumor there lying hid The Symptoms The Patient cannot draw his breath nor swallow down meat nor drink his tongue like a Gray-hound's after a course hangs out of his mouth and he holds his mouth open that so he may the more easily draw his breath to conclude his voyce is as it were drown'd in his jaws and nose he cannot lye upon his back but lying is forced to sit so to breathe more freely and because the passage is stopt the drink flies out at his Nose the Eyes are fiery and swollen and standing out of their orb Those which are thus affected are often sodainly suffocated a foam rising about their mouths The second kind The second difference is said to be that in which the tumor appears inwardly but little or scarse any thing at all outwardly the Tongue Glandules and Jaws appearing somewhat swollen The third The third being least dangerous of them all causes a great swelling outwardly but little inwardly The Causes The Causes are either Internal or External The External are a stroak splinter or the like thing sticking in the Throat or the excess of extreme cold or heat The Internal causes are a more plentiful defluxion of the humors either from the whole body or the Brain which participate of the nature either of bloud choler or flegm but seldom of Melancholy The signs by which the kind and commixture may be known have been declared in the general Treatise of Tumors The Squincy is more dangerous by how much the humor is less apparent within and without That is less dangerous which shews it self outwardly because such an one shuts not up the wayes of the meat nor breath Some dye of a Squincy in twelve hours others inâ—â—o four or seven days Hip. sect 3. proe 2. Apâ—â—r 10 sect 5. Those saith Hippocrates which scape the Squincy the disease passes to the Lungs and they dye within seven dayes but if they scape these days they are suppurated but also oftentimes this kind of disease is terminated by disappearing that is by an obscure reflux or the humor into some noble part as into the Lungs whence the Emprema proceeds and into other principal parts whose violating brings inevitable death sometimes by resolution otherwise by suppuration The way of resolution is the more to be desired it happens when the matter is small and that subtle especially if the Physitian shall draw bloud by opening a vein and the Patient use fitting Gargarisms A Critical Squincy divers times proves deadly by reason of the great falling down of the humor upon the throttle by which the passage of the breath is sodainly shut up Broths must be used made with Capons and Veal seasoned with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel and the cold Seeds If the Patient shall be somewhat weak let him have potched Egges and Barly Creams Diet. the Barly being somewhat boyled with Raisons in Water and Sugar and other meats of this kind Let him be forbidden Wine in stead whereof he may use Hydromelita and Hydrosachara that is drinks made of Water and Honey or Water and Sugar as also Syrups of dryed Roses of Violets Sorrel and Limmons and others of this kind Let him avoid too much sleep But in the mean time the Physitian must be careful of all because this disease is of their kind which brook no delayes Wherefore let the Basilica be presently opened on that side the tumor is the greater Cure then within a short time after the same day for evacuation of the conjunct matter let the vein under the tongue be opened let Cupping-Glasses be applyed sometimes with scarification sometimes without to the neck and shoulders and let frictions and painful ligatures be used to the extreme parts But let the humor impact in the part be drawn away by Clysters and sharp Suppositories Repelling Gargarisms Whilst the matter is in defluxion let the mouth without delay be washed with astringent Gargarisms to hinder the defluxion of the humor lest by its sodain falling down it kill the Patient as it often happens all the Physitians care and diligence notwithstanding Therefore let the mouth be frequently washed with Oxycrate or such a Gargarism â„ž Pomorum sylvest nu iiij sumach Rosar rub an m. ss berber Ê’ ij let them be all boyled with sufficient quantity of water to the consumption of the half adding thereunto of the Wine of sour Pomgranats â„¥ iiij of Diamoron â„¥ ij let it be a little more boyled and make a gargle according to Art And there may be other Gargarisms made of the waters of Plantain Night-shade Verjuyce Julep of Roses and the like But if the matter of the defluxion shall be Phlegmatick Alum Pomgranat-pill Cypress-nuts and a little Vinegar may be safely added But on the contrary Repercussives must not be outwardly applyed but rather Lenitives whereby the external parts may be relaxed and rarified and so the way be open either for the diffusing or resolving the portion of the humor You shall know the humor to begin to be resolved if the Feaver leave the Patient if he swallow speak and breathe more freely if he sleep quietly and the pain begin to be much asswaged Ripening Gargarisms Therefore then Nature's endeavour must be helped by applying resolved medicines or else by using suppuratives inwardly and outwardly if the matter seem to turn into Pus Therefore let Gargarisms be made of the roots of March-Mallows Figs Jujubes Damask-Prunes Dates perfectly boyled in water The like benefit may be had by Gargarisms of Cows-milk with Sugar by Oyl of Sweet-Almonds or Violets warm for such things help forward suppuration and asswage pain let suppurating Cataplasms be applyed outwardly to the neck and throat and the parts be wrapped with wooll moistned with Oyl of Lillies When the Physitian shall perceive that the humor is perfectly turned into pus let the Patients mouth be opened with the Speculum oris and the abscess opened with a crooked and long Incision-knife then let the mouth be now and then washed with cleansing Gargles as â„ž Aquae hordei
the distemper and hardness of the Liver and of the other Bowels whereby it comes to pass that by breeding new waters they may easily again fall into the Dropsie And then the feaver thirst the hot and drie distemper of the bowels all which were mitigated by the touch of the included water are aggravated by the absence thereof being powred forth which thing seemeth to have moved Avicen and Gordonius that he said none the other said very few lived after the Paracentesis but the refutation of all such reasons is very easie Reasons for it For for the first Galen inferrs that harmful dissipation of spirits and resolving the faculties happens when the Paracentesis is not diligently artificially performed As in which the water is presently powred forth truly if that reason have any validity Phlebotomy must seem to be removed far from the number of wholsome remedies as whereby the blood is poured forth which hath far more pure and subtil spirits than those which are said to be diffused and mixed with the Dropsie waters But that danger which the second reason threatens shall easily be avoided the patient being desired to lie upon his back in his bed for so the Liver will not hang down But for the third reason the fear of pricking the Peritonaeum is childish for those evils which follow upon wounds of the nervous parts happen by reason of the exquisit sense of the part which in the Peritonaeum ill affected altered by the contained water is either none or very small But reason and experience teach many nervous parts also the very membranes themselves being far removed from a fleshy substance being wounded admit cute certainly much more the Peritonaeum as that which adheres so straitly to the muscles of the Abdomen that the dissector cannot separate it from the flesh but with much labor But the reason which seems to argue the unprofitableness of Paracentesis is refelled by the authority of Celsus Lib. 3. cap. 21. I saith he am not ignorant that Erasistratus did not like Paracentesis for he thought the Dropsie to be a disease of the Liver and so that it must be cured and that the water was in vain let forth which the Liver being vitiated might grow again But first this is not the fault of this bowel alone and then although the water had his original from the Liver yet unless the water which stayeth there contrary to nature be evacuated it hurteth both the Liver and the rest of the inner parts whilst it either encreaseth their hardness or at the least keepeth it hard and yet notwithstanding it is fit the body be cured And although the once letting forth of the humor profit nothing yet it makes way for medicines which while it was there contained it hindered But this serous salt and corrupt humor is so far from being able to mitigate a feaver and thirst that on the contrary it increaseth them And also it augmenteth the cold distemper whilst by its abundance it overwhelms and extinguisheth the native heat But the authority of Celius Aurelianus that most noble Physitian though a Methodick may satisfie Avicen and Gordonius They saith he which dare avouch that all such as have the water let out by opening their belly have died do lie Lib. de morb Ch. cap. de Hydrope for we have seen many recover by this kind of remedy but if any died it happened either by the default of the slow or negligent administration of the Paracentesis I will add this one thing which may take away all error or controversie we unwisely doubt of the Remedy when the Patient is brought to that necessity that we can only help him by that means Now must we shew how the belly ought to be opened If the Dropsie happen by fault of the Liver the section must be made on the left side The places of the apertion must be divers according to the parts chiefly affected but if of the Spleen in the right for if the patient should lie upon the side which is opened the pain of the wound would continually trouble him and the water running into that part where the section is would continually drop whence would follow a dissolution of the faculties The Section must be made three fingers breadth below the Navell to wit at the side of the right muscle but not upon that which they call the Linea Alba neither upon the nervous parts of the rest of the muscles of the Epigastrium that so we may prevent pain and difficulty of healing The manner of making apertion Therefore we must have a care that the Patient lye upon his right side if the incision be made in the left or on the left if on the right Then the Chirurgion both with his own hand as also with the hand of his servant assisting him must take up the skin of the belly with the fleshy pannicle lying under it and separate them from the rest then let him divide them so separated with a Section even to the flesh lying under them which being done let him force as much as he can the divided skin upwards towards the stomach that when the wound which must presently be made in the flesh lying there-under shall be consolidated the skin by its falling therein may serve for that purpose then therefore let him divide the musculous flesh and Peritonaeum with a small wound not hurting the Kall or Guts Then put into the wound a trunk or golden or silver crooked pipe of the thickness of a Gooses-quill and of the length of some half a finger Let that part of it which goes into the capacity of the belly have something a broad head and that perforated with two small holes by which a string being fastened it may be bound so about the body that it cannot be moved unless at the Chirurgeons pleasure Let a spunge be put into the pipe which may receive the dropping humor and let it be taken out when you would evacuate the water but let it not be poured out altogether but by little and little for fear of dissipation of the spirits and resolution of the faculties which I once saw happen to one sick of the Dropsie A History He being impatient of the disease and cure thereof thrust a Bodkin into his belly and did much rejoice at the pouring forth of the water as if he had been freed from the humor and the disease but died within a few hours because the force of the water running forth could by no means be staied for the incision was not artificially made But it will not be sufficient to have made way for the humor by the means aforementioned A caution for taking out the pipe but also the external orifice of the pipe must be stopped and strengthned by double cloaths and a strong ligature lest any of the water flow forth against our wills But we must note that the pipe is not to be drawn out
generation for all their life after for performance whereof Nature hath bestowed the Testicles as parts principally necessary for the conservation of mankind Through which occasion Galen hath not feared to prefer them before the Heart because the Heart is the beginning of life but the Testicles of a better life Lib. de arte medica for it is far more noble to live well than simply and absolutely to live therefore Eunuches degenerate into a womanish nature for they remain without beards their voyce is weak their courage fails them and they turn cowards and seeing they are unfit for all humane actions Lib. de sem their life cannot but be miserable Wherefore I will never subscribe to the cutting out of the Stones unless a Sarcocele or Gangrene invade them But that the way of performing the Punctus aureus may be better known I have thought good in the fore-going Page to set down the Instruments by which this operation is performed before your view Another more easie and safe way to restore the Gut and Kall THeodorick and Guido have invented another way of performing this operation Lib. 3. cap. 33. They put back into their places the Gut and Kall being fallen down the Patient being so placed that his thighs are high and his head is somewhat low then they draw aside the lower portion of the production of the Peritonaeum and also the spermatick vessels and cremaster-muscle to the Ischium then by applying a caustick fitted to the age and disease they burn the other part of the process directly perpendicular to the Sharebone where the Gut did fall down Then they pull off the Eschar thus made with a Knife even to the quick then they apply another caustick in the same place which may go even to the Bone then procure the falling of this Eschar made on the foresaid process And afterwards they heal the ulcer which remains which presently contracting somewhat a thick Callus so keeps up the guts and kall that it binds them from falling down into the cod This way of restoring the Gut and Kall though it be safer and more facile yet the Chirurgeon must not attempt it if the Guts or Kall stick so fast agglutinated to the process of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be severed nor put back into their places for from the Guts so burnt and violated greater mischief would ensue if by the broken and too much dilated process the Bodies thereby restrained make an exceeding great Tumor by their falling down if the Testicle yet lying in the Groin as in a Bubonocele a kind of Enterocele being not yet descended in the Scrotum or Cod if the Patients be not come to such age as they can keep themselves from stirring or hold their excrements while the operation is performed CHAP. XVIII Of the cure of other kinds of Ruptures EPiplocele is the falling down of the Kall into the Groin or Cod it hath the same causes as an Enterocele The signs have been explained It is not so dangerous nor infers a consequence of so many evil symptoms as the Enterocele doth yet the cure is the same with the other Hydrocele is a waterish tumor in the Cod which is gathered by little and little between the membranes encompassing the testicles especially the Dartes and Erythroides What a Hydrocele is it may be called a particular dropsie for it proceeds from the same causes but chiefly from the defect of native heat The signs are a tumor encreasing slowly without much pain heavy and almost of a glassie clearness The signs which you may perceive by holding a candle on the other side by pressing the cod above the water flows down and by pressing it below it rises upwards unless peradventure in too great a quantity it fils up the whole capacity of the cod yet it can never be forced or put up into the belly as the kall or guts may for oft-times it is contained in a cist or bag it is distinguished from a Sarcocele by the smoothness and equality thereof The Cure The cure must first be tryed with resolving drying and discussing medicines repeated often before and in the Chapter of the Dropsie this which follows I have often tryed and with good success A medicine to draw forth the contained matter â„ž Ung. comitissae desiecat rub an â„¥ ij malaxentur simul and make a medicine for your ease The water by this kind of remedy is digested and resolved or rather dryed up especially if it be not in too great quantity But if the swelling by reason of the great quantity of water will not yield to those remedies there is need of Chirurgery the Cod and Membranes wherein the water is contained must be thrust through with a Seron that is with a large three-square pointed Needle Thred with a skean of Silk you must thrust your Needle presently through the holes of the mullets made for that purpose not touching the substance of the Testicles The skean of Thred must be left there or removed twice or thrice a day that the humor may drop down and be evacuated by little and little But if the pain be more vehement by reason of the Seton and inflammation come upon it it must be taken away and neglecting the proper cure of the disease we must resist the symptoms Some Practitioners use not a Seton but with a Razor or Incision-knife they open the lower part of the Cod making an Incision some half fingers bredth long penetrating even to the contained water alwayes leaving untouched the substance of the testicles and vessels and they keep the wound open until all the water seems evacuated truly by this only way the cure of a watery rupture whose matter is contained in a cist is safe and to be expected as we have said in our Treatise of Tumors in General What a Pneumatocele is The Pneumaetocele is a flatulent tumor in the Cod generated by the imbecillity of heat residing in the part The Cure It is known by the roundness levity renitency and shining It is cured by prescribing a convenient diet by the application of medicines which resolve and discuss flatulencies as the seeds of Annis Fennel Faenugreek Agnus Castus Rue Origanum and other things set down by Avicen in his Treatise of Ruptures I have often used with good success for this purpose Emplastrum Vigonis cum Mercurio and Emplastrum Diacalcitheos dissolved in some good Wine as Muscadine with Oyl of Bays What a Sarcocele is A Sarcocele is a Tumor against Nature which is generated about the Stones by a scirrhous flesh Gross and viscid humors breed such kind of flesh which the part could not overcome and assimilate to it self The Signs Prognosticks whence this over-abundance of flesh proceeds like as Warts do Varices or swoln veins often associate this tumor and it increases with pain It is known by the hardness asperity inequality and roughness It cannot be cured but
with sense and life but this Dracunculus when he is drawn too violently especially if he be broken thereby will cause extream pain We do answer that the conclusion doth not follow and is of no consequence for these pains happen not unless when the unprovident Surgion draws or puls in stead of the Dracunculus some nervous or membranous body swoln and repleat with an adust humor whence there cannot but be great pain that part being pull'd which is the author of sense But it is childish to say that the Dracunculus feels for that it causeth sharp pains to the living body in which it is Therefore that at last we may determin something of the nature essence and generation of these Dracunculi I dare boldly affirm It is nothing else but a tumor and abcess bred from the heat of the blood in a venerate kind Such blood driven by the expulsive faculty through the veins to the External parts especially the limits that is the Arms and Legs causeth a tumor round and long often stretched from the joynt of the shoulder even to the wrist or from the groin even to one of the Ankles with tension heat renitency pricking pain and a feaver But this tumor is some while stretched forth streight otherwhiles into oblique and crooked tumors which hath been the cause that many taken with this kind of disease and having their limbs so infolded as with the twinings of a Serpent would say they had a Serpent I have thus much to say of the Dracunculi especially of those of our own country For the cure it is not unlike to the cure of a Phlegmon arising from a Defluxion The Cure for here also in like manner the remedies must be varied according to the four times of the disease and the same rule of diet phlebotomy and purging must be observed which is before prescribed in the cure of a Phlegmon The mention of the Dracunculi cals to my memory another kind of Abscesse altogether as rare So the Malum pilate in Aristotle cap. 11. lib. 7. hist animal This our French men name Cridones I think á Crinibus i. from hayrs it chiefly troubles children and pricks their backs like thorns They toss up and down being not able to take any rest This disease ariseth from small hairs which are scarce of a pins length but those thick and strong It is cured with a fomentation of water more than warm after which you must presently apply an oyntment made of hony and wheaten flower for so these hairs lying under the skin are allured and drawn forth and being thus drawn they must be plucked out with small mullets I imagine this kind of disease was not known to the ancient Physitians The End of the Eighth Book The Ninth BOOK Of WOVNDS in General CHAP. I. What a wound is what the kinds and differences thereof are and from whence they may be drawn or derived A Wound is a solution of Continuity caused by a stroak fall or bite newly done What a wound properly is bloody and with putrefaction and filth They also call it a new simple Ulcer for the solution of continuity happens to all parts of the body but according to the diversity of parts it hath divers names amongst the Greeks For in the flesh it is called Helcos in the bone Catagma in the nerve Spasma in the ligament Thalasma in the vessels Apospasma in the Muscles Regma and that solution of continuity Divers appellations of wounds according to the varieties of the parts which happens in the vessels their mouths being open is termed Anastomosis that which happens by erosion Aneurosis that which is generated by sweating out and transcolation Diapedesis That these may be the more easily understood I have thought good to describe them in the following table A Table of the Differences of Wounds The differences of Wounds are drawn or taken From the nature of the parts in which they are made or happen But these parts are Either similar and these Either soft as the Glandules Flesh Fat Marrow Or hard as A Bone A Gristle Or of a midle consistence as the Membranes Ligaments Fibers Vessels Nerves Veins Arteries Or Organical and these either Principal as the Brain Heart Liver to which some add the Womb and Testicles Or serving the principal as The Weason Lungs Gullet Stomach Guts Bladder Or neither as The Ears Nose Feet Hands and other of the same kind From their proper essence from whence they are called Simple wounds When there is no complication of any other disease or symptom besides Or compound When there is a complication of some one or more diseases which unless they be taken away we must not hope for to cure the wound From their quantity according to which they are called Great Indifferent Little Long broad Deep Short Narrow Superficiary From their figure according to which they are named Streight Oblique Cornered CHAP. II. Of the Causes of Wounds Divers denominations from their causes ALl things which may outwardly assail the body with force and violence may be counted the causes of wounds which are called green and properly bloudy These things are either animate or inanimate The animate as the bitings and prickings of Beasts The Inanimate as the stroak of an Arrow Sword Club Gun Stone a Dagger and all such like things From the variety of such like causes they have divers names for those which are made by sharp and pricking things are called punctures those caused by cutting things are called wounds or gashes and those which are made by heavy and obtuse things are named Contusions or wounds with contusions CHAP. III. Of the Signs of Wounds WOunds are first known by sight and by the signs drawn from thence A caution for making reports of Wounds The Chirurgeon ought first and chiefly to consider what Wounds are curable and what not what wounds will scarse admit of cure and what may be easily cured for it is not the part of a prudent Chirurgeon to promise cure in a deadly or dangerous and difficult wound lest he may seem to have killed him whom not the unsufficiency of the Art but the greatness of the wound hath slain But when the wound is dangerous but yet without despair of recovery it belongs to him to admonish the Patient's friends which are by of the present danger and doubtful state of the wound that if Art shall be overcome by the greatness thereof he shall not be thought ignorant of the Art neither to have deceived them But as this is the part and duty of a good and prudent Chirurgeon A Jugling cheating Chirurgeon so it is the trick of a cheating and jugling Knave to enlarge small wounds that so he may seem to have done a great cure when it is nothing so But it is agreeable to reason that the Chirurgeon professing the disease easie to be cured will think himself in credit bound by such promises and his duty and therefore seek
made with a Chicken to be taken in the morning for eight or nine days after the first concoction The choice of meats For meats in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated he shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extream parts of beasts as the feet of Calves Hogs-feet not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snails and such as have been gathered in a vineyard of frogs river-Crabs Eels taken in clear water and well cooked hard Eggs eaten with the juyce of Sorrel without spices Whitings and Stockfish For all such things because they have a tough and glutinous juyce are easily put and glutinated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the paient languisheth of a long hectick he must feed upon meats of easie digestion these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turn into choler Wherefore he may use to eat veal kid capon pullet boiled with refrigerating and humecting herbs he may also use barly-creams almond-milks as also bread crummed and moistned with rose-water boiled in a decoction of the four cold seeds with sugar of roses for such a Panada cools the liver and the habit of the whole body and nourisheth withal The testicles wings and livers of young Cocks as also figs and raisons But if the Patient at length begin to loath grow weary of boiled meats then let him use roast but so that he cut away the burnt and dryed part thereof and feed only on the inner parr thereof and that moistned in Rose-water the juyce of Citrons Oranges or Pomegranates Let him abstain from salt and dry fishes and chuse such fishes as live in stony-waters for the exercise they are forc'd to undergo in shunning the rocks beaten upon by the waves How Asses milk must be used in a hectick Asses milk newly milked and seasoned with a little salt sugar honey or fennel that it may not corrupt nor grow sowre in the stomach or womans milk sucked from the dug by the Patient to the quantity of half a pint is much commended verily womans milk is the more wholsome as that which is more sweet and familiar to our substance if so be that the nurse be of a good temper and habit of body Womans milk more wholesome than Asses For so it is very good against the gnawings of the stomach and ulcers of the lungs from whence a Consumption often proceeds Let your milch Ass be fed with barly oats oak-leaves but if the Patient chance to be troubled with the flux of the belly you shall make the milk somewhat astringent by gently boyling it and quenching therein pebble-stones heated red hot But for that all natures cannot away with Asses-milk such shall abstain from it as it makes to have acrid belchings difficulty of breathing a heat and rumbling in the Hypochondria and pain of the head Let the Patient temper his Wine with a little of the waters of Lettuce Purslain and water-Lillies but with much Bugloss-water both for that it moistens very much as also for that it hath a specifick power to recreate the heart whose solid substance in this kind of disease is grievously afflicted And thus much of things to be taken inwardly These things which are to be outwardly applyed are inunctuous baths epithems clysters Things to be outwardly applyed Inunctions are divers according to the various indications of the parts whereto they are applyed For Galen anoints all the spine with cooling and moderate astringent things as which may suffice to strengthen the parts and hinder their wasting and not let the transpiration for if it should be letted the heat would become more acrid by suppressing the vapours Oyl of roses water-lillies quinces the mucilages of Gum-tragacanth and Arabick extracted into water of Night-shade with some small quantity of camphire and a little wax if need require but on the contrary the parts of the breast must be anointed with refrigerating and relaxing things by refrigerating I mean things which moderately cool for cold is hurtful to the breast But astringent things would hinder the motions of the muscles of the chest and cause a difficulty of breathing Such inunctions may be made of oyl of violets willows of the seeds of lettuce poppies water-lillies mixing with them the oyl of sweet almonds to temper the astriction which they may have by their coldness A caution in the choyce of Oyls But you must have great care that the Apothecary for covetousness in stead of these oyls newly made give you not old rancid and salted oyls for so in stead of refrigerating you shall heat the part for wine honey and oyl acquire more heat by age in defect of convenient oyls we may use butter well washed in violet and nightshade water The use of such inunctions is too cool humect and comfort the parts whereto they are used they must be used evening morning chiefly after a bath Now for Baths we prescribe them either only to moisten The differences of Baths and then plain warm water wherein the flowers of violets and water-lillies willow-leaves and barly have been boyled will be sufficient or else not only to moisten but also to acquire them a fairer and fuller habit and then you may add to your bath the decoction of a Sheeps-head and Gather with some Butter But the Patient shall not enter into the bath fasting but after the first concoction of the stomach Why the Patients must not enter the Bath fasting that so the nourishment may be drawn by the warmness of the bath into the whole habit of the body For otherwise he which is sick of a consumption and shall enter the bath with his stomack empty shall suffer a greater dissipation of the triple substance by the heat of the bath than his strength is well able to endure Wherefore it is fit thus to prepare the body before you put it into the bath How to prepare the body for the Bath The day before in the morning let him take an emollient clyster to evacuate the excrements baked in the guts by the hectick dryness then let him eat to his dinner some solid meats about nine of the clock and let him about four of the clock eat somewhat sparingly meats of easie digestion to his supper A little after midnight let him sup off some chicken-broth or barly-cream or else two rear egs tempered with some rose-water and sugar of roses instead of salt Some 4 or 5 hours after let him enter into the bath those things which I have set down being observed When he comes out of the bath let him be dryed and gently rubbed with soft linnen cloaths and anointed as I formerly prescribed then let him sleep if he
water you must heat them very hot and so the air which is contained in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate a much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur vacuum Then put them into fire and it again ratifying the water into air will make them yield a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon Ball-bellows brought out of Germany which are made of brass hollow and round and have a very small hole in them whereby the water is put in and so put to the fire the water by the action thereof is rarified into air and so they send forth wind with a great noise and blow strongly assoon as they grow throughly not You may try the same with Chesnuts which cast whole and undivided into the fire presently fly asunder with a great crack because the watry and innate humidity turned into wind by the force of the fire forcibly breaks his passage forth For the air or wind raised from the water by rarifaction requires a larger place neither can it now be contained in the narro◠〈◊〉 or skins of the Chesnut wherein it was formerly kept Just after the same manner Gunâ—der being fired turns into a far greater proportion of air according to the truth of that Philosophical proposition which saith Of one part of earth there are made ten of water of one of water ten of air and of one of air are made ten of fire Now this fire not possible to be pent in the narrow space of the piece wherein the powder was formerly contained endeavours to force its passage with violence and so casts forth the Bullet lying in the way yet so that it presently vanishes into air and doth not accompany the Bullet to the mark or object which it batters spoils and breaks asunder Yet the Bullet may drive the obvious air with such violence that men are often sooner touched therewith than with the Bullet and dye by having their bones shattered and broken without any hurt on the flesh which covers them which as we formerly noted it hath common with Lightning We find the like in Mines when the powder is once fired it removes and shakes even Mountains of earth In the year of our Lord 1562. A History a quantity of this powder which was not very great taking fire by accident in the Arcenal of Paris caused such a tempest that the whole City shook therewith but it quite overturned divers of the neighbouring houses and shook off the â—yles and broke the windows of those which were further off and to conclude like a storm of Lightning it laid many here and there for dead some lost their sight others their hearing and othersome had their limbs torn asunder as if they had been rent with wild Horses and all this was done by the only agitation of the air into which the fired Gun-powder was turned Just after the same manner as windes pent up in hollow places of the earth which want vents The cause of an Earthquake For in seeking passage forth they vehemently shake the sides of the Earth and raging with a great noise about the cavities they make all the surface thereof to tremble so that by the various agitation one while up another down it over-turns or carries it to another place For thus we have read that Megara and Aegina anciently most famous Cities of Greece were swallowed up and quite over-turned by an Earthquake I omit the great blusterings of the winds striving in the cavities of the earth which represent to such as hear them at some distance the fierce assailing of Cities the bellowing of Bullets the horrid roarings of Lions neither are they much unlike to the roaring reports of Cannons These things being thus premised let us come to the thing we have in hand Amongst things necessary for life there is none causes greater changes in us than the Air which is continually drawn into the Bowels appointed by nature and whether we sleep wake or what else soever we do we continual draw in and breathe it out Through which occasion Hippocrates calls it Divine for that breathing through this mundane Orb it embraces nourishes defends and keeps in quiet peace all things contained therein friendly conspiring with the Stars from whom a divine vertue is infused therein For the air diversly changed and affected by the Stars doth in like manner produce various changes in these lower mundane bodies And hence it is that Philosophers and Physitians do so seriously with us to behold and consider the culture and habit of places and constitution of the air when they treat of preserving of health or curing diseases For in these the great power and dominion of the air is very apparent as you may gather by the four seasons of the year for in Summer the air being hot and dry heats and dryes our bodies but in Winter it produceth in us the effects of Winters qualities that is of cold and moisture yet by such order and providence of nature that although according to the varieties of seasons our bodies may be variously altered yet shall they receive no detriment thereby if so be that the seasons retain their seasonableness from whence if they happen to digress they raise and stir up great perturbations both in our bodies and minds whose malice we can scarse shun because they encompass us on every hand and by the law of Nature enter together with the air into the secret Cabinets of our Bodies both by occult and manifest passages For who is lie How the air becomes hurtful that doth not by experience find both for the commodity and discommodity of his health the various effects of winds wherewith the air is commixt according as they blow from this or that Region or quarter of the world Wherefore seeing that the South-wind is hot and moist the North-wind cold and dry the East-wind clear and fresh the West wind cloudy it is no doubt but that the air which we draw in by inspiration carries together therewith into the Bowels the qualities of that wind which is then prevalent Whence we read in Hippocrates Aphor. 17. sect 3. that changes of times whether they happen by different winds or vicissitude of seasons chiefly bring diseases For Northerly winds do condense and strengthen our Bodies and make them active well coloured and during by resuscitating and vigorating the native heat But Southern winds resolve and moisten our Bodies make us heavy-headed dull the hearing cause giddiness and make the Eyes and Body less agile as the Inhabitants of Nâ—rbon find to their great harm who are otherwise ranked among the most active people of France But if we would make a comparison of the seasons and constitutions of the year by Hippâ—crates decree Droughts are more wholesome and less deadly than Rains I judg for that too much humidity is the mother of
must be shunned in these Ulcers all acrid things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause pain inflammation and vomit and besides hinder the digestion of the meat Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugred gellyes wherein Gum Tragaganth and bole Armeniack have been put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figs Raisons Honey Cowes-milk boyled with the yolks of eggs and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowers and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of Quinces the Lentisk wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent Wine How powerfull Honey is to cure such kind of Ulcers unless there be fear of inflammation Their drink shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrup of Violets and Jujubes Honey mixed with other medicins is a very fitting remedy for Ulcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomach for if you shall use astringent medicins alone of themselves they will stick to the stomach neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helps them forwards to the affected parts also cleanses the Ulcers themselves Here also Asses milk may with good success be used instead of Goats or Cowes milk The use of a vulnerary potion is also commendable if so be that it be made of such hearbs and simples as by a certain tacit familiarity have respect to the parts affected Aegyptiacum good for the Ulcers of the greater guts But the Ulcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater Guts be affected you may heal them with a Clyster and injections made also sharp to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must be rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth Lib. 5. meth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament do not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unless with the loss of their faculty so far as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Ulcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder ULcers are caused in the Kidneys and Bladder either by the use of acrid meats drinks Causes or medicins as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acrid humor bred in that place sent or faln thither or else by the rupture of some vessel or an abscess broken and degenerated into an Ulcer as it sometimes comes to pass They are discerned by their site Signs for the pain and heaviness of Ulcers of the Reins comes to the Loins and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Urine Hip. Aphor. 81. sect 4. Aphor. 76. sect 4. Aphor. 77. sect 4. Neither doth the Pus which flows from the reins stink so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodless fleshless and membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction That Pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Urinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottom and may be seen separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Urine but that Pus which flows from the bladder is oft-times made alone without Urine and usually it comes to pass that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidneyes hath in it certain caruncles or as it were hairs according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thick Urine have little caruncles and as it were hairs come forth together therewith they come from their Kidneyes but on the contrary those who have certain bran-like scales come from them in a thick Urine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Ulcer The cure For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Clysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw back the humors by whose conflux into the affected part the ulcer might be fed and made more sordid and filthy Why we must shun strong purges You must beware of strong purgations lest the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Ulcer may fall down upon the kidnies or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectual to mundâ—fie those kind of Ulcers Things to cleanse these Ulcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycerrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad â—â—â—sa petrâ—sâ—l an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colaturâ dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of four ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces Trochisces for the ulcers of thâ— kidnies and bladder 4. Method â„ž quatuer sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragac miâ— gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycerrhizae mund mucilaginis sem psiâ—ii amygd duâ—c hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang drac spodii rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss excipiantur hydromelite fingantur trechisci singuâ—i ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barley-water or Goats-milk Galen bids to mix honey and diuretick things with medicines made for the Ulcers of the reins and bladder for that they gently move urine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Ulcers of the bladder are either in the bottom thereof Signs to know what part of the bladder is ulcerated or at the neck and urinary passage If they be in the bottom the pain is almost continual if in the neck the pain then pricks and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Ulcer which is in the bottom sends forth certain scaly or skinny excrements together with the urine but that which is in the neck causes almost a continual Tentigo Those which are in the bottom are for the most part incurable Why Ulcers in the bottom of the bladder are uncurable both by reason of the bloodless and nervous nature of the part as also for that the ulcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the urine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the urine alwayes remain in the bottom of the bladder which could not therefore pass forth together with the rest of the urine for that for the passing forth of the urine the bladder being distended before falls and is complicated in its self Ulcers of the bladder are healed with the same
parts by anointing them with unguentum rosarum refrigerans Galeni nutritum putting thereupon a double cloth steeped in oxycrate and often renewed But if the resolution or weakness of the retentive faculty of these parts be the cause of this disease contracted by too much use of venery before they arive at an age fit to perform such exercise For the decay of the Retentive faculty in this case strengthning and astringent things must both be taken inwardly and applyed outwardly But now I hasten to treat of the virulent Strangury which is more proper to my purpose CHAP. XX. The general cure both of the scalding of the water and the virulent Strangury Diet. WE must diversly order thy cure of this disease according to the variety of the causes and accidents thereof First care must be had of the diet and all such things shunned as inflame the blood or cause windiness or which nature are all diuretick and flatulent things as also strong and virulent exercises Purging and bleeding are convenient especially if fulness cause the affect Womens companies must be shunned and thoughts of venereous matters the patient ought not to lye upon a soft bed but upon a quilt or mattrice and never if he can help it upon his back boiled meats are better then rosted especially boile with sorrel lettuce purslain cleansed barly and the four cold seeds beaten for sauce let him use none unless the juice of an orange pomegranate or verjuice let him shun wine and in stead thereof use a decoction of barly and liquorice an hydromel or hydrosaccarum with a little cinnamon or that which is termed Potus divinus In the morning let him sup of a barly cream wherein hath been boiled a nodulus of the four cold seeds beaten together with the seeds of white poppy for thus it refrigerateth mitigateth and cleanseth also the syrups of marsh-mallows and maiden-hair are good Also purging the belly with half an ounce of Cassia sometimes alone otherwhiles with a dram or half a dram of Rubarb in powder put thereto is good And these following pills are also convenient Pills â„ž massae pilul sine quibus ℈ i. rhei electiÊ’ss camphurae gr iiii cum terebinthinâ formentur pilulae The force of Venice-turpentine in this disease let them be taken after the first sleep Venice turpentine alone or adding thereto some Rubarb in powder with oil of sweet almonds newly drawn without fire or some syrup of maiden-hair is a singular medicine in this case for it hath an excellent lenitive and cleansing faculty as also to help forwards the expulsive faculty to cast forth the virulent matter contained in the Prostatae You may by the bitterness perceive how it resists putrefaction and you may gather how it performs its office in the reins and urinary parts by the smell it leaves in the urine after the use thereof But if there be any who cannot take it in form of a bole you may easily make it potable by dissolving it in a mortar with the yolk of an egg and some white wine How to be made potable as I learned of a certain Apothecary who kept it as a great secret If the disease come by inanition or emptiness it shall be helped by fatty injections oily and emollient potions and inwardly taking and applying these things which have the like faculty and shunning these things which caused the disease How to cure that which happens by contagion or unpure copulation it shall be abundantly shewed in the ensuing Chapter CHAP. XXI The proper cure of a virulent Strangury An injection to stay inflamation FIrst we must begin with the mitigation of pain and staying the inflamation which shall be performed by making injection into the Vrethra with this following decoction warm â„ž sem psilii lactucae papav albi plantag cydon lini hyoscyami albi an Ê’ii detrahantur muceres in aquis solani rosar ad quantitatem sufficientem adde trochisc alborum Rhasis camphoratâ—rumin pollinem redaâ—torum Ê’i misce simul fiat injectio frequens For this because it hath a refrigerating faculty will help the inflammat on mitigate pain and by the mucilaginous faculty lenifie the roughnesse of the Urethra and defend it by covering it with the slimy substance against the acrimony of the urine and virulent humors In stead hereof you may use cows milk newly milked or warmed at the fire The faculties of milk against a virulent strangury Milk doth not only conduce hereto being thus injected but also drunk for it hath a refrigerating and cleansing faculty and by the subtilty of the parts it quickly arrives at the urinary passages Furthermore it will be good to anoint with câ—rat refriger Galeni addita camphora or with ceratum centalinum ung comitissae or nutritum upon the region of the kidnies loins and pâ—rinoeum as also to anoint the cods and yard But before you use the foresaid ointments or the like let them be melted over the fire but have a care that you make them not too hot least they should lose their refrigerating quality which is the thing we chiefly desire in them Having used the foresaid ointment it will be convenient to apply thereupon some linnen cloths moistened in oxycrate composed ex aquis plantaginis solani sempervivi rosarum and the like If the patient be tormented with intolerable pain in making water and also some small time after as it commonly commeth to pass How to make water without pain I would wish him that he should make water putting his yard into a chamber-pot filled with milk or water warmed The pain by this means being asswaged we must come to the cleansing of the ulcers by this or the like injection â„ž hydromelitis sympt â„¥ iv syr de rosis siccis D t rgent injections de absinth an â„¥ ss fiat injectio But if there be need of more powerful detersion you may safely add as I have frequently tried a little aegyptiacum I have also found this following decoction to be very good for this purpose â„ž vini albi odoriferi lb ss aquar plantag ros an â„¥ ii auripigmenti Ê’ss viridis aeris ℈ i. aloes opt Ê’ss pulverisentur pulverisanda bulliant simul Keep the decoction for to make injection withall You may increase or diminish the quantity and force of the ingredients entring into this composition as the patient and disease shall seem to require The ulcers being thus cleansed we must hasten to dry them so that we may at length cicatrize them How the cleansed ulcers may be dried This may be done by drying up the superfluous moisture and strengthening the parts that are moistened and relaxed by the continual defluxion for which purpose this following decoction is very profitable â„ž aq fabrorum lb i. psidiarium balaust nucum cupres conquassatorum an Ê’iss semin sumach berber an Ê’ii syrup rosar de absinth an â„¥ i. fiat
decoctio You may keep it for an injection to be often injected into the Vrethra with a syringe so long as that there shall no matter or filth flow over thereat for then there is certain hope of the cure CHAP. XXII Of Caruncles or fleshie excrescences which sometimes happen to grow in the Urethra by the heat or scalding of the urine A Sharp humor which flows from the Glandules termed Prostatae How caruncles come to grow upon the ulcers of the genital parts and continually runs alongst the urinary passage in some places by the way it frets and exulcerates by the acrimony the Vrethra in men but the neck of the womb in women In these as also is usual in other ulcers there sometimes grows up a superfluous flesh which oftimes hinders the casting or coming forth of the seed and urine by their appropriate and common passage whence many mischiefs arise whence it is that such ulcers as have caruncles growing upon them must be diligently cured But first we must know whether they be new or old Callous caruncles hard to cure Signs For the later are more difficultly to be cured then the former because the caruncles that grow upon them become callous and hard being oftimes cicatrized We know that there are caruncles if the Catheter cannot freely pass alongst the passage of the urine but finds so many stops in the way as it meets with caruncles that stop the passage if the patient can hardly make water or if his water run in a very small stream or two streams or crookedly or only by drop and drop with such tormenting pain that he is ready to let go his excrements yea and oftimes doth so after the same manner as such as are troubled with the stone in the bladder After making water as also after copulation some portion of the urine and seed staies at the rough places of the caruncles so that the patient is forced to press his yard to press forth such reliques Sometimes the urine is wholly stopped The supprest urine comes forth whereas it can get vent whence proceeds such distension of the bladder that it causeth inflammation and the urine flowing back â—nto the body hastens the death of the patient Yet sometimes the urine thus supprest sweats forth preternaturally in sundry places as at the fundament perinoeum cod yard groins As soon as we by any of the fore-mentioned signs shall suspect that there is a caruncle about to grow it is expedient forthwith to use means for the cure thereof for a caruncle from a very little beginning doth in a short time grow so big that at the length it becomes incureable verily you may easily guess at the difficulty of the cure by that we have formerly delivered of the essence hereof besides medicines can very hardly arrive thereat The fittest time for the cure Why venery must be eschewed The fittest season for the undertakeing hereof is the Spring and the next thereto is Winter yet if it be very troublesome you must delay no time Whilest the cure is in hand the patient ought wholly to abstain from venery for by the use thereof the kidnies spermatick vessels prostatae and the whole yard swell up and wax hot and consequently draw to them from the neighbouring and upper parts whence abundance of excrements in the affected parts much hinder the cure You must beware of acrid and corrodeing things in the use of detergent injections for that thus the Vrethra being endued with most exquisite sense may be easily offended whence might ensue many ill accidents Neither must we be frighted if at sometimes we see blood flow forth of secret or hidden caruncles For this helps to shorten the cure because the disease is hindered from growth by takeing away portion of the conjunct matter the part also it self is eased from the oppressing burden for the material cause of caruncles is superfluous blood Wherefore unless such bleeding happen of it self The particular cure it is not amiss to procure it by thrusting in a Catheter somewhat hard yet with good advice If the caruncles be inveterate and callous then must they be mollified by fomentations ointments cataplasms plasters A fomentation and fumigations you may thus make a fomentation â„ž rad alth lilior alb an â„¥ .v. rad bryoniae foenic. an â„¥ iss fol. malvar violarum parietar mercur an m. ss sem lini foenugr an â„¥ ss caricas ping nu xii florum chamaem melil an p i. contundantur contundenda incidenda incidantur bulliant omnia in aquà communi make a fomentation and apply it with soft spunges Of the mass of the strained-out things A cataplasm you may make a cataplasm after this manner â„ž praedicta materialia terantur trajiciantur A liniment adde axungiae porci unguenti basiliconis an â„¥ ii fiat cataplasma let it be applied presently after the fomentation You may use this following liniment whilst the cataplasm is providing â„ž unguenti alth agrippae an â„¥ iss aesipi humidae axung human an â„¥ i. butyri recentis olei lilior chamaem an Ê’vi liquâ—fiant simul addendo aquae vitae â„¥ i. fiat linimentum let it be applyed outwardly upon the part wherein the caruncles are For the same purpose plaisters shall be applied which may be diversified and fitted as you shall think good yet Emplastrum de Vigo truly made exceedeth all the rest in a mollifying faculty and in wasting such callous hardness Vigoe's emplaster effectual to soften a Caruncle The following fumigation is also good for the same purpose take some pieces of a mill-stone for this we use in stead of the pyrites mentioned by the Antients or else some bricks of large size after they are heated hot in the fire let them be put into a pan and set under a close stool then cause the patient to sit thereon as if he were going to stool then pour upon the hot stones equal parts of very sharp vineger A suffumigium and very good aqua vitae and casting clothes about him that nothing may exhale in vain let him receive the ascending vapor at his fundament perinoeum scrotum and urethra Moreover that this medicine may work the better effect you may put the patient naked into the barrel noted with this letter A. so that he may sit upon a seat or board perforated on that part whereas his genitals are then place the pan holding the hot stones between his legs then presently sprinkle the stones with the fore-mentioned liquor by the door marked with the letter B. Thus the patient shall easily receive the fume that exhales there-from and none thereof be lost he covering and vailing himself on every side Ad. Glauc lib 2. cap. 5. Such a fumigation in Galen's opinion hath a faculty to penetrate cut resolve soften and digest scirrhous hardnesses A Barrel fitted to receive the fume in CHAP. XXIII What other remedies shall be
emplasters and so applied it asswageth pain by stupefaction hindering the acrimony of pustles and cholerick inflammations But by its humidity it softneth scirrhous tumors dissolveth and dissipateth knots and tophous knobs besides it causeth the breath of such as are annointed therewith to stink by no other reason then that it putrefies the obvious humor by its great humidity Avicens experiment confirms this opinion who affirmeth that the blood of an Ape that drunk Quick-silver was found concrete about the heart the carcass being opened In l. 6 Dios c. 28 Matthiolus moved by these reasons writes that Quick-silver killeth men by the excessive cold and humid quality if taken in a large quantity because it congeals the blood and vital spirits and at length the very substance of the heart as may be understood by the history of a certain Apothecary An history set down by Conciliator who for to quench his severish heat in stead of water drunk of a glass of Quick-silver for that came first to his hands he died within a few hours after but first he evacuated a good quantity of the Quick-silver by stool the residue was found in his stomach being opened and that to the weight of one pound besides the blood was found concrete about his heart Others use another argument to prove it cold and that is drawn from the composition thereof because it consists of Lead and other cold metals But this argument is very weak For unquencht Lime is made of flints and stony matter which is cold yet nevertheless it exceeds in heat Lib. 4. de nat rerum Paracelsus affirmeth that Quick-silver is hot in the interior substance but cold in the exterior that is cold as it comes forth of the Mine But that coldness to be lost as it is prepared by art and heat only to appear and be left therein so that it may serve instead of a tincture in the trans-mutation of metals And verily it is taken for a Rule amongst Chymists that all metals are outwardly cold by reason of the watery substance that is predominant in them but that inwardly they are very hot which then appears when as the coldness together with the moisture is segregated for by calcination they become caustick Moreover many account quick-silver poison Tract de casu offen yet experience denies it For Marianus Sanctus Boralitanus tells that he saw a woman who for certain causes and effects would at several times drink one pound and a half of quicksilver which came from her again by stool without any harm Moreover he affirmeth that he hath known sundry who in a desperate Colick which they commonly call miserere mei have been freed from imminent death by drinking three pounds of quick-silver with water only For by the weight it opens and unfolds the twined or bound up gut nnd thrusts forth the hard and stopping excrements he addeth that others have found this medicine effectual against the colick drunk in the quantity of three ounces Antonius Musa writes that he usually giueth Quick-silver to children ready to die of the worms Avicen confirmeth this averring that many have drunk Quick-silver without any harm wherefore he mixeth it in his ointments against scales and scabs in little children whence came that common medicine amongst country people to kill lice by annointing the head with Quick-silver mixed with butter or axungia Quick-silver good for women in travel Matthiolus affirmeth that many think it the last and chiefest remedy to give to women in travel that cannot be delivered I protest to satisfie my self concerning this matter I gave to a whelp a pound of Quick-silver which being drunk down it voided without any harm by the belly Whereby you may understand that it is wholly without any venomous quality Verily it is the only and true Antidote of the Lues Venerea and also a very fit medicine for all malign ulcers as that which more powerfully impugns their malignity then any other medicines that work only by their first qualities For the disease called Malum sancti manis Besides against that contumacious scab which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis there is not any more speedy or certain remedy Moreover Guido writes that if a plate of lead be besmeared or rubbed there with and then for some space laid upon an ulcer and conveniently fastned that it will soften the callous hardness of the lips thereof and bring it to cicatrization which thing I my self have often times found true by experience Lib. de comp med socurd loc Against malign ulcers Certainly before Guido Galen much commended Quick-silver against malign ulcers and cancers Neither doth Galen affirm that lead is poisonous which many affirm poisonous becaus it consists of much Quick-silver but he only saith thus much that water too long kept in leaden pipes cisterns by reason of the drossiness that it useth to gather in lead causeth bloody fluxes which also is familiar to brass and copper Otherwise many could not without danger bear in their bodies leaden bullets during the space of so many years as usually they do It is reported It is declared by Theodoret Herey in the following histories how powerful Quick-silver is to resolve and asswage pain and inflamations Not long since Against the Parotides saith he a certain Doctor of Physick his boy was troubled with parotides with great swelling heat pain and beating to him by the common consent of the Physicians there present I applied an Anodine medicine whose force was so great that the tumor manifestly subsided at the first dressing and the pain was much asswaged At the second dressing all the symptoms were more mitigated At the third dressing I wondring at the so great effect of an Anodine Cataplasm observed that there was Quick-silver mixed therewith and this happened through the negligence of the Apothecary who mixed the simple Anodine medicine prescribed by us in a mortar wherein but a while before he had mixed an ointment whereinto Quick-silver entred whose reliques and some part thereof yet remained therein This which once by chance succeeded well I afterwards wittingly and willingly used to a certain Gentlewoman troubled with the like disease possessing all the region behind the ears much of the throat and a great part of the cheek when as nature helped by common remedies could not evacuate neither by resolution nor suppuration the contained matter greatly vexing her with pain and pulsation I to the medicine formerly used by the consent of the Physicians put some Quick-silver so within a few daies the tumor was digested and resolved But some will say it resolves the strength of the nerves and limbs as you may see by such as have been anointed therewith for the Lues Venerea who tremble in all their limbs during the rest of their lives This is true if any use it too intemperately without measure and a disease that may require so great a remedy for thus we see the Gilders
Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must be macerated one night in sharp Vineger and Aqua vitae and then tied in a knot as big as an egg or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous virtue and strength of aromatick things then a sponge Wherefore it is of principal use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithems and Fomentations to the heart Of what nature the medicines outwardly used ought to be Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the year and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equal parts of vineger of Roses and Rose-water into which you must dip a sponge which rowled in a fair linnen cloth you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Worm-wood half a handful ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drams of vineger and rose-Rose-water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram beat and mix them well all together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above said They may also be inclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or cypress and so carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carryed then Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Sanders Mace Citron-pills Rose and Mirtle-leavs of each two drams of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each half a dram of Cinnamon and Saffron of each two scruples of Camphire and Amber-Greece of each one scruple of Musk three grains Make thereof a Pomander with Rose-water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red-Rose-leavs Pomanders the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Sanders Coriander-seeds Citron-pills of each half an ounce of Camphire one dram let them all be made into powder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the Winter it is to be made thus Take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a scruple of Cloves Lavander and Ciperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i.e. Flower-de-luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber-Greece three drams of Gum-Tragacanth dissolved in rose-Rose-water and aqua vitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet powders Sweet powders made of Amber-Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinnamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoin Musk Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjarum and such like of which being mixed together Powders may be compounded and made Take of the roots of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus aromatïcus red Roses of each half an ounce of Cloves half a dram of Storax one dram of Musk eight grains mix them and make a powder for a bag or take the roots of Orris two ounces red Rose-leavs white Sanders Storax of each one dram of Cyperus one ounce of Calamus aromaticus one ounce of Marjarum half an ounce of Cloves three drams of Lavander half a dram of Coriander-seeds two drams of good Musk half a Scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each two drams Make thereof a fine powder and sow it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart Bags a bag filled with yellow Sanders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinkled over with strong vinegar and Rose-water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskadine in the Winter The sweet Aromatick things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principal parts of the body and to stir up the expulsive faculty to expel the poyson Contrarywise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit Unsavory things to be eschewed and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsel such as are in a pestilent constitution of the Air to receive and take in the stinking and unsavory vapours of sinks and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper and Bay-berries the Roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns-Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth and hindereth putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldness if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtil parts and the spices boiled in it have virtue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtful to wash his whole body therewith let him wash only his arm-holes the region of his heart his temples groins parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principal and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following Unguent An Unguent Take oyl of Roses four ounces oyl of Spike two ounces of the powder of Cinnamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a half of Benzoin half an ounce of Musk six grains of Treacle half a dram of Venice-Turpentine one dram and a half of Wax as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft Unguent You may also drop a few drops of oyl of Mastich of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the ears with a little Civet or Musk. CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague VEnery is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated Why Venery is to be shunned the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakned A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excess in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very careful that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custom they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humors into their society Such as have fistuloes or otherwise old ulcers must not heal them up in a pestilent season Running ulcers good in time of pestilence for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sink of the humors of the body may be emptied The Hemorhoids bleedings and other the like accustomed evacuations must
into a gross powder make thereof a Nodula between two pieces of Cambrick or Lawn of the bigness of an hand-ball then let it be moistned in eight ounces of rose-Rose-water and two ounces of Rose-vinegar and let the patient smell to it often Those things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Musk nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Fevers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling and hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose-water and vineger of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of Diet in a pestilent disease ought to be cooling and drying not slender Why such as have the plague may feed more fully but somewhat full because by this kind of disease there cometh wasting of the spirits and exsolution of the faculties which inferreth often swounding therefore that loss must be repaired as soon as may be with more quantity of meats that are of easie concoction and digestion Therefore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomach and fed well died Sweet gross moist and clammy meats and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtil parts are to be avoided for the sweet do easily take fire and are soon inflamed the moist will putrefie the gross and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtil parts over-much attenuate the humors and inflame them and do stir up hot and sharp vapours into the brain whereof cometh a Fever Therefore we must eschew Garlick and Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kinde of pulse must also be avoided Pulse must be shunned because they engender gross windes which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwaies to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this be their order of diet The manner of Diet. let their bread be of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested and may engender much laudable juice and very little excremental as are the flesh of Wether-Lambs Kâ—â—s Leverets Pullets Partridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quails Black-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hens Phesants and such like avoiding water-Fowls Let the flesh be moistned in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Citrons tart-Pomgranats Barberies Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden and wilde-sorrel for all these sowr things are very wholsome in this kinde of disease for they do stir up the apetite resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humors restrain the heat of the Fever and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach Although those that have a more weak stomâ—ch and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslain Succory Borage Sorrel Hops Bugloss Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervil the cooling Seeds French-Barly and Oat-meal with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added to avoid obstruction yet much broth must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten at the beginning of the Meal provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to be seasoned with overmuch oil and salt that they may also with good success be put into broths Fishes are altogether to be avoided because they soon corrupt in the Stomach but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water and about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgeons and Crevices boiled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kindes of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Eggs potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrel are very good Likewise Barly-water seasoned with the grains of a tart Pomgranate and if the fever be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such barly-water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and pain of the head and those must abstain from it But in stead of Barly-water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisins of the Sun newly sodden in Rose-water with Sugar For the second course sowr Damask-Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine-Pears And in the later end of the Meal Quinces rosted in the Embers Marmalate of Quinces In the end of the Meal and conserves of Bugloss or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this powder following Take of Coriander-seeds prepared two drams of Pearl of Rose-leaves shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each half a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinnamon one scruple of Unicorns horn and the bone is a Staggs heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses four ounces make thereof a powder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weak he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veal sodden together in the water of Soâ—â—el Carduus Benedictus with a little quantity of Rose-vinegar Cinnamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seem to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broth of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomgranats A restaurative drink This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Bugloss Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the powder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum of the Trochiâ—es of Camphire of each three drams of Citron-seeds Carduus-seeds Soâ—â—el-seeds the roots of Dictamnus Tormentil of each two drams of the broth of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslain Bugloss and Borage boyled in it six pints put them in a Limbeck of glass with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Parthridges and with fifteen leaves of pure Gold make thereof a distillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pinte strain it through a woollen bag with two ounces of white Sugar and half a dram of Cinnamon let the patient use this when he
is thirsty Or else put the flesh of one old Capon and of a leg of Veal two minced Partridges and two drams of whole Cinnamon without any liquor in a Limbeck of glass well lated and covered and so let them boil in Balneo Mariae unto the perfect conâ—oction For so the fleshes will be boiled in their own juice without any hurt of the fire then â—et the juice be pressed out there-hence with a Press give the patient for every dose one ounce of the juice with some cordial waters some Trisantalum and Diamargaritum frigidum The preserves of sweet fruits are to be avoided because that sweet things turn into choler but the confection of tart prunes Cherries and such like may be fitly used But because there is no kinde of sickness that so weakens the strength as the plague it is alwaies necessary but yet sparingly and often to feed the patient still having respect unto his custom age the region and the time for through emptiness there is no great danger lest that the venomous matter that is driven out to the superficiall parts of the body should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach and the stomach it self should be filled with cholerick hot thin and sharp excremental humors whereof cometh biting of the stomach and gripings in the guts CHAP. VII What drink the patient infected ought to use IF the fever be great and burning the patient must abstain from wine unless that he be subject to swounding and he may drink the Oxymel following in stead thereof An Oxymel Take of fair water three quarts wherein boil four ounces of hony until the third part be consumed scumming it continually then strain it and put it into a clean vessel and add thereto four ounces of vinegar and as much cinnamon as will suffice to give it a tast Or else a sugred water as followeth Take two quarts of fair water of hard sugar six ounces of Cinnamon two ounces strain it through a woollen bag or cloth without any boiling and when the patient will use it put thereto a little of the juice of Citrons The syrup of the juice of Citrons excelleth amongst all others that are used against the pestilence A Julip The use of the Julip following is also very wholsome Take of the juice of Sorrel well clarified half a pinte of the juice of Lettuce so clarified four ounces of the best hard sugar one pound boil them together to a perfection then let them be strained and clarified adding a little before the end a little vinegar and so let it be used between meals with boiled water or with equal portions of the water of Sorrel Lettuce Scabious and Bugloss or take of this former described Julip strained and clarified four ounces let it be mixed with one pound of the fore-named cordial waters and boil them together a little And when they are taken from the fire put thereto of yellow Sanders one dram of beaten Cinnamon half a dram strain it through a cloth when it is cold let it be given the patient to drink with the juice of Citrons Those that have been accustomed to drink sider perry bear or ale ought to use that drink still so that it be clear transparent and thin and made of those fruits that are somewhat tart for troubled and dreggish drink doth not only engender gross humors but also crudities windiness and obstructions of the first region of the body whereof comes a fever The commodities of oxycrate Oxycrate being given in manner following doth asswage the heat of the fever and repress the putrefaction of the humors and the fierceness of the venom and also expelleth the water through the veins if so be that the patients are not troubled with spitting of blood cough yexing and altogether weak of stomach To whom hurtfull for such must avoid tart things Take of fair water one quart of white or red vinegar three ounces of fine sugar four ounces of syrup of Roses two ounces boil them a little and then give rhe patient thereof to drink Or take of the juice of Limmons and Citrons of each half an ounce of the juice of sowr Pomgranats two ounces of the water of Sorrel and Roses of each an ounce of fair water boiled as much as shall suffice make thereof a Julip and use it between meals Or take the syrup of Limmons and of red currans of each one ounce of the water of Lillies four ounces of fair water boyled half a pinte make thereof a Julip Or take of the syrups of water-Lillies and vinegar of each half an ounce dissolve it in five ounces of the water of Sorrel of fair water one pinte make thereof a Julip But if the patient be young and have a strong and good stomach and cholerick by nature The drinking of cold water whom and when profitable I think it not unmeet for him to drink a full and large draught of fountain-fountain-water for that is effectual to restrain and quench the heat of the Fever and contrariwise they that drink cold water often and a very small quantity at a time as the Smith doth sprinkle water on the fire at his Forge do increase the heat and burning and thereby make it endure the longer Therefore by the judgment of Celsus when the disease is in the chief increase and the patient hath endured thirst for the space of three or four daies cold water must be given unto him in great quantity so that he may drink past his satiety that when his belly and stomach are filled beyond measure Lib. 3. cap. 7. and sufficiently cooled he may vomit Some do not drink so much thereof as may cause them to vomit but do drink even unto satiety and so use it for a cooling medicine but when either of these is done the patient must be covered with many cloaths and so placed that he may sleep and for the most part after long thirst and watching and after long fulness and long and great heat sound sleep cometh by which great sweat is sent out and that is a present help But thirst must sometimes be quenched with little pieces of Melons Gourds Cucumbers with the leaves of Lettuce Sorrel and Purslain made moist or soaked in cold water or with a little square piece of a Citron Limmon or Orange macerated in Rose-water and sprinkled with Sugar and so held in the mouth and then changed But if the patient be aged his strength weak flegmatick by nature and given to wine when the state of the Fever is somewhat past and the chief heat beginning to asswage he may drink wine very much allayed at his meat for to restore his strength and to supply the want of the wâ—â—â—ed spirits The patient ought not by any means to suffer great thirst but must mitigate it by drinking or else allay it by washing his mouth with oxycrate and such like and he may therein also wâ—sh his hands and his
grains of Treacle dissolved with a little of the syrup of Succory in some cordial water or the broth of a Capon unless that any had rather give it with Conserve of Roses in form of a bole but Treacle must be given to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflaming the humors it infer a fever Furthermore broth may be prepared to be taken often made of a Capon seasoned with Sorrel Lettuce Purslain and cooling seeds adding thereto Bole-Armenick and Terra Sigillata of each one ounce being tied in a rag and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For Bole-Armenick whether it be by its marvellous faculty of drying or by some hidden property hath this virtue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it careth those that are infected with the pestilence if so be that they may be cured by physick Lib. 9 simp ca 7 so that those that cannot be cured with Bole-Armenick cannot be preserved by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warm moist and vaporous The benefit of children they are easily delivered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skin by provoking sweat with a decoction of Parslie-seeds Prunes Figs and the roots of Sorrel with a little of the powder of Harts-horn or Ivory But that the sweat may be more abundant and copious apply sponges dipped and pressed out in the hot decoction of Sage Rosemary Lavender Bays Commomile Melilot and Mallows or else Swines bladders half filled with the same decoction to the arm-holes and to the groins In the time that they sweat let their faces be fanned to cool them Also let a nodula of Treacle dissolved in vinegar and water of Roses be applied to the nostrils but alwaies use a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to be dissipated and resolved so that oftententimes although they do not sweat yet they feel the commodities of sweating the matter of the venom being dissipated by the force of the heat through the pores of the skin But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweet and cordial things applied to the nostrils nature must be recreated and strengthened which otherwise would be debilitated through sweating that it may be better able to expel the venom After that the sweat is wiped away it were very profitable to take a potion of Conserve of Roses with the powder of Harts-horn or Ivory dissolved in the waters of Bugloss and Sorrel the better to cool and defend the heart If there appear any tumor under the arm-holes or in the groin let it be brought to maturations with mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppurative fomentation or cataplasm alwaies using and handling it as gently as you may considering the age of the Infant If you have need to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profit Take of Rubard in powder one dram The soâ—m of a purge to be given to a childe infuse it in the â—ater of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinnamon in the straining dissolve two drams of Diacatholicon of syrup of roses laxative three drams make thereof a small potion This is the câ—re of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Fever as far as I could learn from the most learned Physicians and have observed my self by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the Author of all good things that mortal men enjoy the true and certain preservatives against the pestilence are to be desired and hoped for The end of the twentie second Bood The THREE and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the Means and Manner to repair or supply the natural or accidental defects or wants in Mans body CHAP. I. How the loss of the natural or true eie may be covered hidden or shadowed HAving at large treated in the former Books of Tumors Wounds Vlcers Fractures and Luxations by what means things dissolved and dislocated might be united things united separated The fourth duty of a Surgeon and superfluities consumed or abated Now it remains that we speak of the fourth office or duty of the Chirurgion which is to supply or repair those things that are wanting by nature through the default of the first conformation or afterwards by some mischance Therefore if that through any mischance as by any inflammation any mans eie happen to be broken or put out and the humors spilt or wasted or if it be strucken out of his place or cavity wherein it was naturally placed by any violent stroke or if it waste or consume by reason of a consumption of the proper substance then there is no hope to restore the sight or function of the eie yet you may cover the deformity of the eie so lost which is all you can do in such a case by this means If that when you have perfectly cured and healed the ulcer you may put another eie artificially made of gold or silver counterfeited and enamelled so that it may seem to have the brightness or gemmy decency of the natural eie into the place of the eie that is so lost The forms of eies artificially made of gold or silver polished and enameled shewing both the inner and outer side But if the patient be unwilling or by reason of some other means cannot wear this eie so prepared in his head you may make another on this wise You must have a string or wiâ—e of iron bowed or crooked like unto womens eat-wiers made to bind the head harder or looser as it pleaseth the patient from the lower part of the head behind above the ear unto the greater corner of the eie this rod or wier must be covered with silk and it must also be somewhat broad at both ends lest that the sharpness thereof should pierce or prick any part that it cometh unto But that end wherewith the empty hollowness must be covered ought to be broader then the other and covered with a thin piece of leather that thereon the colours of the eie that is loâ— may be shadowed or counterfeited Here followeth the figure or portraiture of such a sâ—â—ing or wier The form of an iron wier wherewith the deformity of an eie that is lost may be shadowed or covered CHAP. II. By what means a part of the Nose that is cut off may be restored or how in stead of the nose that is cut off another counterfeit nose may be fastened or placed in the stead WHen the whole Nose is cut off from the face or portion of the nostrils from the Nose it cannot be restored or joyned again for it is not in men as it is in plants For plants have a weak and feeble heat and furthermore Why the parts of plants being cut off may grow again but those of man cannot it is equally dispersed into all the substance of the plant or
the shortness of the ligature ligament that is under the yard doth make it to be crooked and violate the stiff straightness thereof so that it cannot be put directly or straightly into the womans privy parts There be some that have not the orifice of the conduit of the yard rightly in the end thereof but a little higher so that they cannot ejaculate or cast out their seed into the womb The sign of the palsie in the yard Also the paritcular palsie of the yard is numbred amongst the causes of barrenness and you may prove whether the palsie be in the yard by dipping the genitals in cold water for except they do draw themselves together or shrink up after it it is a token of the palsie for members that have the palsie by the touching of cold water do not shrink up but remain in their accustomed laxity and looseness but in this case the genitals are endued with small sense the seed commeth out without pleasure or stiffness of the yard the stones in touching are cold and to conclude those that have their bodies daily waxing lean through a consumption or that are vexed with an evill hâ—bit or disposition or with the obstruction of some of the entrals are barren and unfertil and likewise those in whom some noble part necessary to life and generation exceedeth the bounds of nature with some great distemperature and lastly those who by any means have their genital parts deformed Magick bands and enchanted knots Here I omit those that are withholden from the act of generation by inchantment magick witching and inchanted knots bands and ligatures for those causes belong not to Physick neither may they be taken away by the remedies of our Art The Doctors of the Canon laws have made mention of those magick bands which may have power in them in the particular title De frigidis maleficiatis impoteatibus incantatis also St. August hath made mention of them Tract 7. in Joan. CHAP. XXXVIII Of the barrenness or unfruitfulness of Women A Woman may become barren or unfruitful through the obstruction of the passage of the seed The cause why the neck of the womb is narrow or throng straitness and narrowness of the neck of the womb comming either through the default of the formative faculty or else afterwards by some mischance as by an abscess scirrhus warts chaps or by an ulcer which being cicatrized doth make the way more narrow so that the yard cannot have free passage thereinto Moreover The membrane called Hymen the membrane called Hymen when it groweth in the midst or in the bottom of the neck of the womb hinders the receiving of the mans seed Also if the womb be over-slippery or more loose or over wide it maketh the woman to be barren so doth the suppression of the menstrual fluxes or the too immoderate flowing of the courses or whites which commeth by the default of the womb or some entrail or of the whole body which consumeth the menstrual matter and carrieth the seed away with it The cold and moist distemperature of the womb extinguishes and suffocates the man's seed The cause of the flux of women and maketh it that it will not stay or cleave unto the womb and stay till it be concocted but the more hot and dry both corrupt for want of nourishment for the seeds that are sown either in a marish or sandy ground cannot prosper well also a mola contained in the womb the falling down of the womb the leanness of the womans body ill humors bred by eating crude and raw fruits or great or overmuch whereof obstructions and crudities follow which hinder her fruitfulness Furthermore by the use of stupefactive things the seminal matter is congealed and restrained and though it flow and be cast out yet it is deprived of the prolifick power and of the lively heat and spirits the orifices or cotyledones of the ve ns and arteries are stopped and so the passage for the menstrual matter into the womb is stopped When the Kâ—ll is so far that it girdeth in the womb narrowly it hindereth the fruitfulness of the woman because it will not permit the mans seed to enter into the womb Moreover the fat and fleshy habit of the man or woman hinder generation For it hindreth them that they cannot join their genital parts together Aph. 36. sect 5. Gal. lib. 14. de usu par cap. 9. Arist in prob sect dester quae 3. 4. and by how much the more blood goeth into fat by so much the less is remaining to be turned into seed and menstrual blood which two are the originals and principals of generation Those women that are speckled in the face somewhat lean and pale because they have their genitals moistened with a saltish sharp and tickling humor are more given to Venery then those that are red and fat Finally Hippocrates sets down four causes only why women are barren and unfruitful The first is because they cannot receive the mans seed by reason of the fault of the neck of the womb the second because when it is received into the womb they cannot conceive it the third is because they cannot nourish it the fourth because they are not able to carry or bear it untill the due and lawful time of birth These things are necessary to generation the object will faculty concourse of the seeds and the remaining or abiding thereof in the womb untill the due and appointed natural time CHAP. XXXIX The signs of a distempered Womb. THat woman is thought to have her womb too hot The signs of a hot womb whose coâ—â—ses come forth sparingly and with pain and exulcerate by reason of their heat the superfluous matter of the blood being dissolved or turned into winde by the power of the heat whereupon that menstrual blood that floweth forth is more gross and black For it is the propriety of heat by digesting the thinner substance to thicken the rest and by adustion to make it more black Furthermore she that hath her genitals itching with the desire of copulation will soon exclude the seed in copulation and she shall feel it more sharp as it goeth through the passages That woman hath too cold a womb whose flowers are either stopped or flow sparingly and those pale and not well colored Those that have less desire of copulation have less delight therein The signs of a cold womb and their seed is more liquid and waterish and not staining a linnen cloth by sticking thereunto and it is sparingly and slowly cast forth That womb is too moist that floweth continually with many liquid excrements The signs of a moist womb which therefore will not hold the seed but presently after copulation suffereth it to fall out which will easily cause abortion The signs of too dry a womb appear in rhe little quantity of the courses in the profusion of a small quantity of seed by the desire of
at all it this necessary humor were wanting in the womb yet it may be some women may conceive without the flux of the courses but that is in such as have so much or the â—â—mor gathered together as is wont to remain in those which are purged although it be not so great a quantity that it may flow out as it is recorded by Aristotle But as it is in some very great and in some very little so it is in some seldom and in some very often What womeâ— have this mâ—nstrual flux often abundantly and for a lo ger space then others There are some that are purged twice and some thrice in a moneth but it is altogether in those who have a great liver large veins and are filled and fed with many and greatly nourishing meats which sit idlely at home all day which having slept all night do notwithstanding lie in bed sleeping a great part of the day also which live in a hot moist rainy and southerly air which use warm baths of sweet waters and gentle frictions which use and are greatly delighted with carnal copulation in these and such like women the courses flow more frequently and abundantly What women hâ—ve this flâ—x mâ—re 〈◊〉 leâ— and a far more short time then others But contrariwise those that have small and obscure veins and those that have their bodies more furnished and big either with flesh or with fat are more seldom purged and also more sparingly because that the sâ—perfluous quantity of blood useth to go into the habit of the body Also tender delicate and fair women are less purged than those that are brown and endued with a more compact flesh because that by the rarity of their bodies they suffer a greater wasting or dissipation of their substance by transpiration Moreover they are not so greatly purged with this kind of purgation which have some other solemn or accustomed evacuation in any other place of their body as by the nose or hemorrhoids Why young women are purged in the new of the Moon And as concerning their age old women are purged when the Moon is old and young women when the Moon is new as it is thought I think the cause thereof is for that the Moon ruleth moist bodies for by the variable motion thereof the Sea floweth and ebbeth and bones marrow and plants abound with their genital humor Therefore young people which have much blood and more fluxible and their bodies more fluxible are soon moved unto a flux although it be even in the first quarter of the Moons rising or increasing Why old women are purged in the wane of the Moon but the humors of old women because they wax stiff as it were with cold and are not so abundant and have more dense bodies and straighter vessels are not so apt to a flux nor do they so easily flow except it be in the full of the Moon or else in the decrease that is to say because the blood that is gathered in the full of the Moon falls from the body even of its own weight for that by reason of the decreasing or wane of the Moon this time of the moneth is more cold and moist CHAP. L. The causes of the Monethly Flux or Courses The material cause of the Monethtly flux BEcause a woman is more cold and therefore hath the digestive faculty more weak it cometh to pass that she requireth and desireth more meat or food than she can digest or concoct And because that superfluous humour that remaineth is not digested by exercise nor by the efficacy of strong and lively heat therefore by the providence or benefit of nature it floweth out by the veins of the womb by the power of the expulsive faculty at its own certain and prefixed season or time But then especially it beginneth to flow and a certain rude portion of blood to be expelled being hurtful and malign otherwise in no quality When the monthly flux begins to flow when nature hath laid her principal foundations of the increase of the body so that in greatness of the body she hath come as it were in a manner to the highest top that is to say from the thirteenth to the fiftieth year of her age Moreover the childe cannot be formed in the womb nor have his nutriment or encrease without this flux therefore this is another finall cause of the monethly flux The final cause Many are perswaded that women do far more abound with blood than men considering how great an abundance of blood they cast forth of their secret parts every month A woman exceeds a man in quantity of blood from the thirteenth to the fiftieth year of their age how much women great with child of whom also many are menstrual yeeld unto the nutriment and encrease of the childe in their wombs and how much Physicians take from women that are with childe by opening of a vein which otherwise would be delivered before their natural and prefixed time how great a quantity thereof they avoid in the birth of their children and for ten or twelve daies after and how great a quantity of milk they spend for the nourishment of the child when they give suck which milk is none other thing than blood made white by the power of the kernels that are in the dugs which doth suffice to nourish the child be he great or little yet notwithstanding many nurses in the mean while are menstrual A man exceedeth a women in the quality of his blood and as that may be true so certainly this is true that one dram that I may so speak of a mans blood is of more efficacy to nourish and encrease than two pounds of womans blood because it is far more perfect more concocted wrought and better replenished with abundance of spirits whereby it commeth to pass that a man endued with a more strong heat A man is more hot than a woman and therefore not menstrual doth more easily convert what meat soever he eateth unto the nourishment and substance of his body and if that any superfluity remains he doth easily digest and scatter it by insensible transpiration But a woman being more cold than a man because she taketh more than she can concoct doth gather together more humors which because she cannot disperse by reason of the unperfectness and weakness of her heat it is necessary that she should suffer and have her monthly purgation especially when she groweth unto some bigness but there is no such need in a man CHAP. LI. The causes of the suppression of the courses or menstrual flux THe courses are suppressed or stopped by many causes as by sharp vehement and long diseases by fear sorrow hunger immoderate labors watchings fluxes of the belly great bleeding haemorrhoids fluxes of blood at the mouth and evacuations in any other part of the body whatsoever often opening of a vein great sweats ulcers flowing much and long scabbiness
presently helped and recovered by drinking the water wherein such horns have been infused for six or seven dayes space as Thevet in his Cosmography reports In one of the Islands of the Moluccas there is found a beast living both on land and water like as a Crorodilâ— it is called Campurch it is of the bigness of an Hart it hath one horn in the forehead moveable after the fashion of the nose of a Turky-cock it is some three foot and a half long and never thicker then a mans arm his neck is covered over with an ash colour he hath two feet like to a gooses feet wherewith he swims both in fresh and in salt waters His fore-feet are like to a stags he lives fish Many have perswaded themselves that this beast is a kinde of Unicorn and that therefore his horn should be good against poysons The King of the Island loves to be called by the name of this beast and so also other Kings take to themselves the names of the wilde beasts fishes or fruits that are most precious and observable in their dominions as Thevet reports Mauritania and Aethiopia and that part of Africk that is beyond the deserts and Syrtes The Indian Elephants are bigger then the Affrican bring forth Elephants but those of India are far larger Now although in the largness of their body they exceed all four-footed beasts yet may they be more speedily and easily tamed then other beasts For they may be taught to do many things above the common nature of beasts Their skin is somewhat like to a Buffles with little hair upon it but that which is is ash-coloured his head large his neck short his ears two handfuls broad his nose or trunk very long and hanging down almost to the ground hollow like as a trumpet the which he useth in stead of an hand his mouth is not far from his breast not much unlike a swines from the upper part whereof two large teeth thrust forth themselves his legs are thick and strong not consisting of one bone as many formerly have falsly beleived for they kneel to admit their Rider or to be laden and then rise up again of themselves his feet are round like a quoit some too or three hands bredth and divided into five clefts How they keep flies form them He hath a tail like a Buffle but not very rough some three hands bredth long wherefore they would be much troubled with flies and wasps but that nature hath recompenced the shortness of their tails by another way for when they finde themselves molested they contract their skin so strongly that they suffocate and kill these little creatures taken in the wrinkles thereof they over-take a man running by going only for his legs are proportionable to the rest of his body The figure of an Elephant They feed upon the leaves and fruits of trees neither is any tree so strong and well rooted which they cannot throw down and break They grow to be sixteen handfuls high wherefore such as ride upon an Elephant are much troubled as if they went to sea They are or so unbrideled a nature that they cannot endure any head-stall or reins therefore you must suffer them to take the course and way they please Yet do they obey their country-men without any great trouble for they seem after some sort to understand their speech wherefore they are easily governed by their known voices and words They throw down a man that angers them first taking him up with theit trunk and lifting him aloft and then letting him fall they tread him under foot bLi 9 de hist anim cap. 28. and leave him not before he be dead Aristotle writes that Elephants generate not before they be twenty years old they know not adultery neither touch they any female but one from which they also diligently abstain when they know she hath once conceived It cannot be known how long they go with young the reason is for that their copulation is not seen for they never do it but in secret It is not known how long an Elephâ—nt goes with young The females bring forth resting upon their hind legs and with pain like women they lick their young and these presently see and go and suck with their mouths and not with their trunks You may see Elephants teeth of a monstrous and stupendious bigness at Venice Rome Naples and Paris they term it Ivory and it is used for Cabinets Harps Combs and other such like â—â—es We have read in Thevet that in Florida there are great Bulls called in that country tongue Beautrol they have horns of a foot long a bunch on their backs like a Camel Tom. 2. lib. 23. cap. 2. their hair long and yellow the tail of a Lion there is scarce any creature more fierce or wilde for it can never be tamed unless it be taken from the dam. The Salvages use their hides against the cold Their horns good against poyson Tom. 1 lib. 2 cap. 10. and their horns as an Antidote against poyson The same author affirms that whilst he sayled in the red sea he saw a monster in the hands of a certain Indian Merchant which in the bigness and shape of his limbs was not unlike a Tiger yet had the face of a man but a very flat nose besides his fore feet were like a mans hands but the hinde like the feet of a Tigre he had no tail he was of a dun colour to conclude in head ears neck and face it resembled a man but in the blackish and curled hair a Moor for the other parts they were like a Tiger they called it Thanacth The figure of a beast called Thanacth This following monster is so strange that it will scarce be believed but by those that have seen it it is bred in America and by the Salvages called Haiit of the bigness of a Monky with a great belly almost touching the ground and the head and face of a childe being taken it mourns and sighs like to a man that is troubled and perplext it is of an ash-colour hath the feet divided into three claws four fingers long and sharper then those of a Lion it climbes trees and lives there more frequently then upon the ground the tail is no longer then the bredth of three fingers It is strange and almost monstrous that these kinde of creatures have never been seen to feed upon or eat any thing for the Salvages have kept them long in their houses to make trial thereof wherefore they think them to live by the air The figure of the beast called Haiit I have taken this following monster out of Leo's Affrican history it is very deformed being round after the manner of a Tortoise too yellow lines crossing each other at right angles divide his back at every end of which he hath one eye and also one ear so that such a creature may see on every side with his four eyes as also
the consumption of a third part then the Squinath must be bruised the Feverfew and the Staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall be strained and kept and the Litharge is to be infused for twelve hours in the oil of Camomil dill Lilies and the axungia's above spoken of Then boil them all with a gentle fire by and by taking Saffron from the fire and add one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire again that the decoction may be consumed and then by degrees add to the rest of the decoction the oil of spike shall be reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwurt and enula which must be boiled untill they be wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the Franincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole mass shall cool then at last is mingled the quick-silver exstinct tutpentine oil of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall be made up upon a stone into rolls Unless the quick-silver be well extinguished it will run all into one place and unless you tarry untill the composition cool it will vapor away in fume â„ž croci Ê’ii bdelli mastich ammon styrac liquid an â„¥ ss cerae alb lb ss tereb â„¥ vi medul Cerarum oesipi ex Philagrio cruris vaccae adipis anserini an â„¥ i. oesipi vel si desit axung gallin â„¥ ix clei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae â„¥ i ss olibani sevi vitul â„¥ i. The aesipus sepum adeps medulla cera are to be dissolved together when they cool add the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of fenugreek and camomil half an ounce and so much juice of squills then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then add the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a mass let them be made up with oleum nardinum into rolls â„ž terebinth lb ss resin lbi cer alb â„¥ iv mastich â„¥ i. fol. verbin betonic pimpinel an m. i. De gratia Dei The herbs being green the tops are to be cut and bruised in a stone-mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor add wax cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosin when it shall cool add the Mastich powdred working it with your hands by which it may be incorporated with the rest of the things â„ž succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb ana lb. ss fiat empl De janua seu de Betonica The juices are to be mingled with the wax being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed add the rosin and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then add the turpentine and make up the plaster â„ž croci picis com or rather picis navalis Emplastrum oxycroceum because this emplaster is used to discuss and draw forth the matter which causeth the pain in the joints coloph. cerae an â„¥ ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastich an Ê’ v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to be dissolved to which add the gums dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire add the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it into rowls up with oil of worms â„ž ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boil them together with a gentle fire De cerussá stirring them up continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but â„¥ ix of the oil â„ž litharg irit acet fortis an lb. ss ol antiq lb. i. fiat emplastrum Tripharmacumâ— seu nigrum let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours then boil them to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away Diapalma seu diatalcith os â„ž ol vet lb. iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii litharg trit lb iii. vitriol â„¥ iv let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours and boil them to a good consistence then add to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palm-tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and add the vitriol in fine powder Contra ruptâ— raâ— â„ž picis naval aloes an â„¥ iii. litharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an â„¥ ii visci querni â„¥ vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana â„¥ iv myrrhae thuris an â„¥ vi tereb â„¥ ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusqae consolid vol. arm an â„¥ iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have iâ— of a very good conâ—stence you may add of the oil of myrtils or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skin of a Ram cut in pieces and boil it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glue of stiff gelly in which you shall dissolve the visc quer then add the pitch and was broken into small pieces and if you will you may add the oil with them afterwards the galban and ammâ—â—â— dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then add 〈…〉 â—gypsâ—â—m bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrh thus colophon and alâ—â— â—â—â—ing them continually and that they may be the better mingled work the plaster with a hot peâ—â—il in a mortar De muâ—aginibus â„ž mâ—â—ag sâ—m liniâ—rad alth faenug median cortices ulmi an â„¥ iv olei liliacei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss ammon opopâ—â—â— sagap ana â„¥ ss croci Ê’ ii cerae nov lb ss tereb â„¥ ss fiat emplast Fernelius haâ—h â„¥ xx of wax â—â—e waxâ—â—eâ—ng cut sm ll must be mingled with the oils and the mucilages stirring them continuaâ—â—y with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gums dissolved and mingled with the â—â—binâ—â—â—ma must be added and last of all the saffron finely powdered De minio â„ž ol ros myrtil ung populeon ana â„¥ iv pinguedinis gallin â„¥ ii sebi arietis castrati sepi vaccini an â„¥ vi pingued porci â„¥ x. litharg auri argenti ana â„¥ iii. cerus â„¥ iv minii â„¥ iii. tereb â„¥ iv cerae q s fiat emplastrum vel ceratum mâ—lle The lithargyros cerussa and minium are to be brought into fine powder severally being sprinkled with a little rosewater lest the
face on the night and it shall be washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of brain this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â„ž sanguinis tauri lbi butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor which is distilled for the first dayes is troubeled and stinking but those passed it becometh clear and well smelling Some boil bran in vineger and the water of water-lillies and in this decoction they dissolve of sulphur and camphire a fit proportion to the quantity of the decoction and they apply a cloth moistened in this medicine to the face in the evening â„ž album ovor nu â—i aquae ros â„¥ i ss sucei plantag lapath. acut an â„¥ i ss sublimati ℈ i. incorpopentur in mortario marmoreo â„ž axung porci decies in aceto lotae â„¥ iv argenti vivi â„¥ i. aluminis sulphuris vivi an Ê’i pistenâ—ur omnia diu in mortario plumbeo fiat unguentum argentum vivum non debet nisi extremo loco affundi â„ž rad lapath. acut asphodel an â„¥ ii conquantur in aceto scilltico postea tundantur et setaceo trajiciantur addendo auripigmenti Ê’ii sulphuris vivi Ê’x let them be incorporated and make an ointment to be used to drye up the pustles â„ž rad liliorum sub cineribus câ—ctorum â„¥ iv pistillo tusis et setaceo trajectis adde butyri receutis et axung porci lotae in aceto an â„¥ i. sulphuris vivi Ê’iii camphor ℈ iii. succi limonum quantum sufficit To drye up the pustles malaxentur simul et fiat unguentum â„ž lactis virginalis lb ss aluminis â„¥ ss sulphuris vivi â„¥ i. succi limonum â„¥ iv salis com Ê’ ss let them all be distilled in a glass Alembick and the water kept for the forementioned uses â„ž lapath. acut plantagin et asphodel an â„¥ i ss olei vitel ovor â„¥ i. terebinth Venet â„¥ ss succi limonum Ê’iii aluminis combust Ê’i argenti vivi extinct â„¥ i. olei liliorum â„¥ ss tundantur omnia in mortario plumbeo addendo sulfinem argent viv ne mortario adheraescat The juice of onions beaten with salt or yelks of eggs are good for the same purpose For staying and killing of Ring-worms and Tetters the leaves of hellebore beaten with vineger are good the milk of the fig-tree is good of it self as also that of the spurges To kill tetters or mustard dissolved in strong vineger with a little sulphur Or â„ž sulphuris calcanthi aluminis an Ê’i macerentur in aceto forti trajiciantur per lineum apply the expressed juice Others macerate an egg in sharp vineger with coperas and sulphur vivum beaten into fine powder then they strain or press it through a linnen cloth But seeing the forementioned medicines are acrid and for the most part eating and corroding it cannot be but that they must make the skin harsh and rough therefore to smooth and levigate it again you shall make use of the following ointment â„ž tereb Ven tam diu lâ—tae ut acrimoniam nullam habeat butyri salis expertis an â„¥ i ss olei vitel To smooth the skin ovor â„¥ i. axung porci in aqua rosarum lotae â„¥ ss cerae parum fiat linimentum ad usum To the same purpose you may also make use of some of the forementioned medicines CHAP. XLVI To black the hair What things a â—e fit to dye the hair AT first the hairs to take the fucus or tincture and to retain it must be prepared with Lye wherein a little roch-Alum is dissolved Thus the fatty scales may be washed and taken away which hinder and as it were keep away the fucus that it cannot adhere or penetrate into the body of the hair Then must we come to particular or proper and fitting medicines for this purpose These ought to be aromatick and cephalick and somewhat stiptick that by their odoriferous and astringent power that may strengthen the animal faculty Furthermore they must be of subtil parts that they may enter even into the inner roots of the hairs â„ž Sulphuris vitrioli gallarum calcis vivae lithargyri an Ê’ii scoriae ferri Ê’ ss in pollinem reducantur et cum aq communi incorporentur ut inde fiat massa with this at bed time let the hairs be rubbed and in the morning let them be smoothed with the same â„ž calcis lotae â„¥ i. lithargyri utriusque â„¥ ss cum decocto gallarum corticum nucum fiat massa addendo olei chamem Ê’ii â„ž litharg auri â„¥ ii ciner clavellat â„¥ i. ss calcis viv Ê’i dissolve omnia cum urina hominis donec acquirant consistentiam unguenti pro unctione capillorum â„ž calcis lotae â„¥ ii cum decoct salv et cort granat fiat pasta ad formam pultis satis liquidae let the hair at bed-time be died herewith and washed in the morning with wine and water How to wash lime Now the manner of washing lime is thus Infuse in ten or twelve pintes of fair water one pound of lime then pour out the water by stopping the vessel putting more in the stead thereof the third time in stead of common water pour thereon the water of the decoction of sage and galls let the lime lye therein for so many hours then in like manner pour it off by stoping the vessel and thus you shall have your lime well washed There is also found a way how to dye or black the hair by only pouring of some liquor thereon as â„ž argenti purissimi Ê’ii reducantur in tenuissimas laminas A water to black the hair ponantur in ampulla vitrea cumÊ’ii aquae separationis auri et argenti et aquae rosar Ê’vi The preparing of this water is thus put into a viol the water of separation and the silver and set it upon hot coals so to dissolve the silver which being done then take it from the fire and when it is cold add thereto the rose-rose-water But if you would black it more deeply add more silver thereto if less then a smaller quantity to use it you must steep the comb wherewith you comb your head in this water â„ž plumbi usti â„¥ ii gallarum non perforat cortick nucum an â„¥ iii. terrae sigil ferret hispan an â„¥ ii vitriol rom â„¥ vi salis gem â„¥ i ss caryoph nucis mosch an â„¥ i. salis ammon aloes an Ê’ ss fiat pulvis subtilissimus let this powder be macerated in vineger for three dayes space then distil it all in an Alembick the water that comes therefrom is good for the foresaid use The following medicine is good to make the hairs of a flaxen color To make the hair of a flaxen coâ—or â„ž flor genist staechad et cardamom an â„¥ i. lupinor conquassat rasur buxi corticis citri rad gentian et berber an â„¥ i ss cum aqua nitri fiat lenta decoctio herewith bathe and moisten
and wrought upon that is of what kinde it is and what the nature thereof may do and suffer The other is the Fornace which oâ—ght to be provided of a convenient matter and figure of that which is to be distilled for you cannot draw any thing of any matter neither of every mixture being distilled can you rightly expect oyl or water For mixt bodies do not consist of an equal portion of the four Elemenâ—s but some are more aiery others more fiery some participate more the of water others moâ—e of the earth and that presently from their original Therefore as watery things yield more wâ—ter so aiery and fiery things yield more oyl when they are distilled neither are all instruments fit for the extracting of every liquor Moreover you must note that the watery liquor sometimes comes forth in â—he first place and presently after by the help of a stronger fire follâ—â—s the oily which we finde happens as often as the plant or parts of the plants which are distilled are of a cold tempeâ—amen for in hot things it happens otherwise for the first liquor which comes forth is oily and the following waterish CHAP. V. Of what fashions the vessels for the distilling of waters ought to be Of what fashion the vessels for the destilling of waters ought to be A. Shews a brass kettle full of water B. The cover of the kettle perforated in two places to give passage fourth to the vessels C. A pipe or Chimney added to the kettle wherein the fire is contained to heat the water D. The alembick consisting of his body and head E. The receiver whereinto the distilled liquor runs The effigies of another Balneum Mariae not so easily to be removed as the former A. Shews the vessel of Copper that contains the water B. The Alembick set in water But lest the bottom of the Alembick being half full should float up and down in the water and so stick against the sides of the Kettle I have thought good to shew you the way and means to prevent that danger A. Shews the vessel or glass-Alembick B. A plate of lead whereon it stands C. Strings that binde the Alembick to the plate D. Rings through which the strings are put to fasten the Alembick You may distill the liquors of things by the vapor or steam of boiling water if so be that you be provided of Vessels and forms made after this following manner A Fornace with his vessels to distill liquors with the stream of boiling water A. Shews the head of the Alembick B. The body thereof placed in a brass-vessel made for that purpose C. A brass-vessel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water This vessel shall contain the Alembick compassed about with saw-dust not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapor but also lest it should be broken by the hard touch of the brazen vessel D. Shews the brass vessel containing the water as it is placed in the fornace E. The fornace containing the vessel F. A funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in stead of that which is vanished and dissipated by the heat of the fire G. The Receiver Why those things that are distilâ—ed in Balneo Mariae retain more of the strength of things Now for the faculties of distilled waters it is certain that those which are drawn in Balneo Mariae or a double vessel are far better and efficacious because they do not only retain the smell of the things which are distilled but also the taste acidity harshness sweetness bitterness and other qualities so that they will neither savor of smoak nor burning for the milde and gentle heat of a bath contains by its humidity the more subtil parts of the plants that are distilled that they may not be dissipated and exhaled contrary to which it usually happens in things which are distilled by the burning heat of wood or coals For these have a certain nitrous and acrid taste savoring of the smoak of fire Besides they acquire a malign quality from the vessels out of which they are distilled especially if they be of Lead whence they contract qualities hurtful to the principal vital and natural parts Therefore the plants which are thus distilled if they be bitter by nature presently become insipid as you may perceive by wormwood-water thus distilled Those things which are distilled in Balneo Mariae are contained in a glass vessel from which they can borrow no malign quality Therefore the matters so drawn are more effectual and pleasing in taste smel and sight You may draw waters not only from one kinde of plant but also from many compounded and mixed together of these some are alimentary others medicinal yea and purging others acquird for smel others for washing or smoothing of womens faces as we shall shew hereafter CHAP. VI. How the materials must be prepared before Distillation What things need not to be macerated before they be dissolved THings before they be put in the Alembick must undergo a preparation that is they must be cut small beaten and macerated that is steeped in some liquor that so they may be the more easily distilled and yield the more water and retain their native smell and faculties yet such preparation is not convenient for all things for there be some things which need no incision or maceration but must rather be dried before they be distilled as Sage Tyme Rosemary and the like by reason of their too much humidity it will be sufficient to sprinkle other things with some liquor only In this preparation there are two things observable to wit the time of the infusion and condition of the liquor wherein these things ought to be infused The time of the infusion is different according to the variety of the matter to be macerated for things that are hard solid drye or whole must be longer macerated then such as are tender freshly gathered or beaten whence it is that roots and seeds require a longer time of infusion flowers and leaves a shorter and the like of things The liquors where infusion must be made ought to be agreeable to the other things infused For hot ingredients require hot liquors and cold such as are cold wherein they may be infused The maceration of plants in their own juice Such things as have not much juice as Betony wormwood and the like or which are very odoriferous as all aromatick things would be infused by wine so to preserve their smell which otherwise by the force of the fire by reason of the tenuity of the substance easily vanishes But if we desire that the distilled liquor should more exactly retain and have the faculty of the things whereof it is distilled then must you infuse it in the juice thereof to some such appropriate liquor that it may swim in it whilst it is distilled or at least let it be sprinkled therewith CHAP. VII Of the Art of distilling
consequently oily Now because the oily substance that is contained in simple bodies What oyls are to be drawn by expression is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is two-fold For some is gross earthy viscous and wholly confused and mixt with the bodies out of which they ought to be drawn as that which we have said is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this natural grossness be lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily riâ—es such is the oily substance of aromatick things as of Juniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs The first manner of drawing oyls by distillation Cinnamom Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This the manner of extracting oyls out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the material there may be ten pints of water infuse it in a copper-bottom having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couler filled w th cold-water Set your vessel upon a fornace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall wax hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not flye away you shall put a long-neckt-receiver to the nose of the Alembick and you shall increase the fire until the things contained in the Alembick boil Another way There is another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brass or copper-bottom covered with his head to which shall be fitted or well luted a worm of Tin this worm shall run through a barrel filled with cold-water that the liquor which flows forth with the oyl may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worm you shall set your Receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be increased by little and little until the contained matter as we formerly said do boil but take heed that you make not too quick or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boiling may exceed the bounds of the containing vessel and so violently flye over Observ ng these things you shall presently at the very first see an oily moisture flowing forth together with the waterish When the oyl hath done flowing which you may know by the color of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the fire and you may separate the oyl from the water by a little vessel made like a Thimble and tied to the end of a stick or which is better with a glass-funnel or instrument made of glass for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oyls that swim upon the top of the water as oyl of aniseeds othersome on the contrary What oyls fall to the bottom which fall to the bottom as oyl of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oyl of Anniseed and Cinnamom is whitish and in success of time will in some small proportion turn into oyl Also these waters must be kept several for they are far more excellent then those that are distilled by Balneo Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyl Oyls are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectual for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted into a few drams For example the faculty that was dispersed over one pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyl at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawn into Ê’iss or Ê’ii at the most of oyl But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without fear of breaking the vessels whereto glasses are subject I like that you distil them in copper-vessels for you need not fear that the oyl which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flows forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall be tinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessels to extract the Chymical oyls or spirits of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of Wine of Vineger and Aqua vitae In stead of the barrel and worm you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shews the bottom which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the in side B. The head C. The barrel filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyl that run through the pipe or worm that is put through it D. A pipe of brass or lattin or rather a worm of Tin running through the Barrel E. The Alembick set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper The description of Pepper and other spices which grow not hâ—re with us I have thought good to describe there out of Thevets Cosmography he having seen them growing Pepper grows upon shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivie-berries or bunches of small black grapes or currans the leaves are like those of the Citron-tree but sharpish and pricking The Iadians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soon as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft-times happens that there are more then 200 ships upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in antidotes against Poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applied and taken inwardly against a cold stomach The uses thereof in sauces it helps concoction and procures appetite you must make choice of such as is black heavy and not flaccid The trees which bear white and those that bear black pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unless when they have their fruit hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which bear white black Grapes The tree that yeels Cinnamon grows in the mountain of India The Cinnamon tree and hath leaves very like to baye-leaves branches and shoots at certain times of the year are cut from this tree by the appointment of the Kâ—ng of that Province the bark of which is that we term
Cinnamon This is sold to no stranger unless at the Kings pleasure and he setting the price thereof it is not lawful for others to cut thereof Galen writes that Cinnamon is of very subtil parts hot in the third degree 7. Simp. and partaking of some astriction therefore it cuts and dissolves the excrements of the body strengthens the parts provokes the courses when as they stop by reason of the admixture of gross humors it sweetens the breach and yields a fine taste and smell to medicines hippocras and sauces Of Cinnamon there is made an excellent water against all cold diseases and also against swoonings the plague and poysons The composition thereof is this Take of the choicest and best cinnamon one pound An excellent Cinnamon-tree beat it grosly and put thereto of Rose-water four pintes of white-wine half a pinte being thus mixed put them into a glass and so let them stand in infusion 24. hours often stirring of them Then distill them in Balneo Mariae closely luting the receiver and vessels lest the spirit should flye away CHAP. XIII Another manner how to draw the essence and spirits of herbs flowers seeds and spices as also of Rubarb Agarick Turbith Hermâ—dactyls and other Purgers YOu may extract the essences and spirits of the things mentioned in the title of this Chapter as thus Take Sugar R barb Cinnamon or any other material you please cut it small or else beat it then put it into a glass with a long neck and pour thereupon as much Aqua vitae as shall be sufficient to cover the materials or ingredients and to over-top them some fingers bredth then stop up the glass very close that no air enter thereinto Thus suffer it to infuse for eight dares in Balneo with a very gentle hear for thus the Aqua vitae will extract the faculties of the ingredients which you shall know that it hath done when as you shall see it perfectly tinctured with the color of the ing edients The eight dayes ended A sign that the spirit of wine hath sercht out the strength of the ingredients you shall put this same Aqua vitae into another vessel filled with the like quantity of the same materials prepared after the same manner that it may also take forth the tincture thereof and do thus three or four times until the aqua vitae be deeply tinctured with the colour of the infused Ingredients But if the materials from whence you desire to extract this spirit or essence be of great price as Lignum Aloes Rubarb c. you must not think it sufficient to infuse it once only but you must go over it twice or thrice until all the efficacy be extracted out thereof you may know that it is all wholly insipid These things thus done as is fitting A sign that the ingredients have lost their strength put all the liquor tinctured and furnished with the color and strength of the ingredients into an Alembick filled and closely luted to its head and so put into Balneum Mariae that so you may extract or draw off the aqua vitae to keep for the like purpose and so you shall have the spirit and essence remaining in the bottom Now if you desire to bring this extract to the height of hony set it in an earthen-pot well leaded upon hot ashes so that the thin part thereof may be evaporated for thus at length you shall have a most noble and effectual essence of that thing which you have distilled whereof one scruple will be more powerful in purging then two or three drams of the thing it self CHAP. XIV How to extract oyl out of Gums condensed juices and rosins as also out of some woods ALL oyls that are drawn our of gums oily-woods and metals What a Retort is are extracted by that vessel which we vulgarly term a Retort It must be made of glass or jug-metal well leaded and of such bigness as shall be convenient for the operation you intend though commonly it should be made to hold some gallon and an half of water the neck thereof must be a foot and a half or at least a foot long The receiver is commonly a vial wherinto the neck of the Retort is fitted and inserted Then the Retort shall be set in an earthen pan filled with ashes or sand and so set into a furnace as you may see by the following figure The figure of a Fornace with his earthen-pan and receiver A. Shews the Fornace B. The earthen-pan or vessel to set the Retort in C. The Retort or Cucurbite D. The Receiver The differences of Gums Of gums some are liquid some solid and of the solid some are more solid then othersome those that are solid are more troublesome to distill then the liquid for they are not so easily dissolved or melted neither do they yeeld so well to the fire so that oft-times they are burnt before they be dissolved whence it is that some for every pound of solid gum add two or three pounds of most clear and liquid oyl of Turpentine Cautions in distilling of Gums Besides liquid things are also hard to be destilled because when as they come to be through hot at the fire they swell up so much that they exceed or run out of the Retort and so fall into the Receiver as they were put into the Retort especially if so be that the fire be too hot at the first Many to shun this inconvenience add to the things put into the Retort some sand as it were to balast it withal How to make oyl of Turpentine Oyl of Rosin and turpentine is thus made take two or three pounds of Turpentine and put it into a Retort of such largeness that three parts thereof might remain empty and for every pound of Turpentine add three or four ounces of sand then place the Retort in an earthen-pan filled with sifted ashes and set it upon the fornace as is fit and to the neck thereof fit and closely lute a Receiver Lastly kindle there-under a soft fire at the first lest the contained materials should run over increase this fire by little and little and take heed that the things become not too hot on a sudden At the first a clear and acid liquor wiâ—l drop out wherein a certain sediment uses to concrete then will flow forth a most dear oyl somewhat resembling the watry and phlegmatick liquor then must the fire be somewhat increased that the third oily clear thin and very golden colored liquor may rise and distil but then also a clearer and more violent fire must be raised that so you may extract an oyl that will be red like a carbuncle and of a consistence indifferently thick Thus therefore you may extract four kindes of liquors our of Turpentine and receive them being different in several Receivers yet I judg it better to receive them all in one that so by distilling them again afterwards you may
four ounces of Basilicon two ounces three yelks of egs oil of Lillies two ounces Treacle one dram let it be received on stupes and applied in like manner Or take of Diachylon and Basilicon of each two ounces oil of Lillies one ounce and an half let them be melted and mixed tegether and let it be applyed as is abovesaid When you see feel and know according to reason that the Bubo is come to perfect suppuration it must be opened with an incision-knife Why it is best to open a plague sore with a potential cautery or an actual or potential Cautery but it is best to be done with a potential Cautery unless that happily there be great inflammation because it doth draw the venom from beneath unto the superficial parts and maketh a larger orifice for the matter that is contained therein neither must it be looked for that nature should open it of her self for then there were danger that lest while nature doth work slowly a venomous vapour should be stirred up which striking the heart by the arteries the brain by the nerves and the liver by the veins should cause a new increase of the venomous infection For fear whereof there be some that will not expect the perfect maturation and suppuration but as it were in the midst of the crudity and maturity will make an orifice for it to pass forth at yet if it be done before the tumour be at his perfect maturity pain a Fever and all accidents are stirred up and enraged whereof cometh a malign ulcer that often degenerates into a Gangrene For the most part about the tenth or eleventh day the work of suppuration seemeth perfected and finished but it may be sooner or later by reason of the application of medicines the condition of the matter and state of the part when the matter cometh forth you must yet use suppurative and mollifying medicines to maturate the remains thereof in the mean while clensing the ulcer by putting mundificatives into it as we shall declare in the cure of Carbuncles But if the tumor seem to sink in How to draw forth a sore that sâ—ems to go in again or hide it self again it must be revoked and procured to come forth again by applying of Cupping glasses with scarification and with sharp medicines yea and with Cauteries both actual and potential When the Cauteries are applied it shall be very good to apply a vesicatory a little below it that there might be some passage open for the venom while the Eschar is in falling away For so they that are troubled with the French-Pox so long as they have open and flowing ulcers so long are they void of any pain that is worth the speaking of which ulcers being closed and cicatrized they do presently complain of great pain If you suspect that the Bubo is more malign by reason that it is of a green or black and inflamed colour as are those that come of a melancholick humour by adustion turned into a gross and rebellious melancholick humour so that by the more copious influx thereof into the part there is a danger of a gangrene and mortification then the places about the abscess must be armed with repercussives When repercussives may be applyed but not the abscess it self and this may be the form of the repercussives Take of the juice of Hous-leek Purslain Sorâ—el Night-shade or each two ounces of Vinegar one ounce the whites of three eggs of oil of Roses and water-Lillies of each two ounces and a half stir them together apply it about the Bubo and renew it often or boil a Pomgranat in vinegar beaâ— it with Vnguentum Rosatum or Populeon newly made and apply it as is aforesaid If these things do not stop the influx of other humors the abscess it self and the places about it must be scarified round about if the part will permit it that the part exorerated of portion of the venom may not stand in danger of the extinction of the proper and natural heat by the greater quantity and malignity of the humors that flow unto it In scaâ—ifying you must haâ—e care of great vessels for fear of an irrepugnable flux of blood which in this case Why too much bleeding is to be feared is very hard to be stayed or resisted both because the part it self is greatly inflamed and the humor very fierce for the expulsion whereof nature careful for the preservation of the part and all the body besides seemeth to labour and worke But yet you must suffer so much of the blood and humor to flow out as the patient is able to abide without the loss of his strength Moreover you may spend forth the superfluous portion of the malignity with relaxing mollifying and resolving fomentations as Take the roots of Marsh-Mallows Lillies and Elecampane of each one pound of Line-seeds and Fenugreek of each one ounce of Fennel-seeds and Anise-seeds of each half an ounce of the leaves oâ— Rue Sage Rosemary of each one handful of Camomile and Melilot-flowers of each three handfuls boil them all together and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation use it with a sponge according to Art Also after the aforesaid scarification we may put Hens or Turkies that lay egs which therefore have their fundaments more wide and open and for the same purpose put a little salt into their fundaments upon the sharp top of the Bubo that by shutting their bills at several times they may draw and suck the venom into their bodies far more strongly and better then cupping-glasses because they are endued with a natural property against poyson for they eat and concoct Toads Efts and such like virulent beasts when one Hen is killed with the poyson that shee hath drawn into her body you must apply another and then the third fourth fifth and sixt within the space of half an hour There be some that will rather cut them or else use whelps cut asunder in the midst and applyed warm to the place that by the heat of the creature that is yet scarce dead portion of the venom may be dissipated and exhaled But if nevertheless there be any fear of a Gangrene at hand you must cut the flesh with a deeper scarification not only avoiding the great vessels but also the nerves for fear of convulsion and after the scarification and a sufficient flux of blood you must wash it with Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in sea-water aqua vitae and Vinegar For such a lotion hath virtue to stay putrefaction repel the venom and prohibit the blood from concretion but if the Gangrene cannot be avoided so cauteries may be applyed to the part especially actual because they do more effectually repel the force of the poyson and strengthen the part Presently after the impression of the hot Iron Liniments to hasten the falling away of the Eschar the Eschar must be cut away even unto the quick-flesh that the venomous vapours and