off by one half but still obstructing the other constitute the containing Cause IV. Thus the Motion of the Left-side was taken away because that half of the Pith being obstructed the Animal Spirits could not enter into that half of the Pith nor the Nerves proceeding from it which causes a Cessation of the Actions of the Instruments of voluntary Motion or the Muscles on that side But the Sense is not quite lost but remains very dull because that several Spirits pass through the contracted Pores of the Pith sufficient for Motion yet not anew to impart Sense to the feeling Parts V. This Malady is hard to be cured by reason of the detension of a viscous and tenacious Humor in a cold Part but Youth and Strength of Body promise hopes of Recovery VI. The Method of Cure requires the Attenuation and Dissipation of the Obstructing Humor 2. To prevent the Afflux of any more 3. To take away the antecedent Cause 4. To cortoborate the Parts affected VII For Evacuation of the Flegmatic Humor give these Pills â„ž Mass of Pill Cochiae Ê’s Extract of Catholicon ℈ s. with a little Syrup of Stoechas make up vij Pills Instead of them may be given Powder of Diaturbith or DiacarthamumÊ’j or a Draught of an Insusion of Leaves of Senna Root of Jalap Agaric These Purges are to be repeated by Intervals VIII Blood-letting is not proper in this Case IX To corroborate the nervous Part of the Body and prevent the Generation of flegmatick Humors let him take this Apozem â„ž Root of Acorns Fennel an Ê’vj Florence Orice Ê’iij Betony Ground-pine Marjoram Rosemary Calamint Thime an M. j. Flowers of Stoechas M. s. Seeds of Fennel Caroways Bishops-weed an Ê’j s. Water and Wine equal parts boil them to a Pint and a half and to the Straining add Syrup of Stoechas â„¥ iij. For an Apozem Of which let the Patient take four ounces three or four times a day with a small Quantity of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambr Diamosch Dulcis an ℈ iiij Conserve of Flowers of Sage Anthos Root of Acorns candied an Ê’v Syrup of Stoechas q. s. X. The Use of Paralitic and Apoplectic Waters will be very proper in this Case of which there are several to be found among the Prescriptions of Physicians XI If the Disease will not submit to these Remedies let him take every Morning five ounces of the following Decoction and sweat in his Bed according to his Strength â„ž Lig. Guaiacum â„¥ iiij Sassafras Sarsaperil an â„¥ ij Water lbvij Macerate these twenty four hours then boil them adding toward the end Roots of Acorns Valerian Butter-bur Fennel an Ê’vj Galangale Licorice sliâ—…'d an Ê’ij Herbs Betony Miij Ground-Ivy M. ij Thyme Marjoram Rosemary Flowers of Stoechas an M. j. Sage Ms. Iuniper-berries â„¥ j. Boil them to lb. iij. XII For Corroboration of the Head prepare this Quilt â„ž Flowers of Rosemary Marjoram Thyme Flowers of Lavender Melilot an one small Handful Cloves Nutmegs an ℈ ij For a Quilt XIII While these things are doing let the Spine of the Back be well chafed with hot Cloaths especially in the Neck about the Head and then fomented with a Fomentation of hot Cephalics boiled in Wine or else anoint the Neck with this Liniment warm â„ž Oyl of Foxes Spike Rue Goose and Cats-grease an Ê’vj Oyl of Turpentine â„¥ s. Oil of Peter Rosemary Amber an ℈ ij Powder of Castoreum ℈ iiij After Unction and Friction lay on this Plaister â„ž Pul Castoreum Ê’ij Benjamin Ê’j Galbanum Opoponax dissolved in Spirit of Wine Emplaster of Betony Lawrel-Berries and Melilot an Ê’vj Mix them according to Art XIV This Disease requires a hot dry and pure Air. Meats of good juice and easie Digestion calefying and attenuating For Drink Hydromel or Wine imbib'd with Rosemary Marjoram Betony Cardamum c. Now and then a Draught of Hypocrass or a Spoonful of Juniper-wine or Anthoswine or Aquae Vite of Matthiolus will not be improper avoid long Sleeps and Repletion and let Natures Evacuations be regular and due HISTORY XIII Of Trembling A Man fifty years of Age struck with a great and sudden Terror immediately fell down fixing his Eyes upon the Standers by but not able to speak Soon after recovering his Spirits he talked well enough but rose up with a Trembling over his whole Body From that time when he moved his Limbs the Trembling still remained which as his Body drew cold was more violent as he grew warm abated I. TRembling is a Deprivation of the Voluntary Motion of the Limbs by which they are agitated with a contrary Motion in a continued Vicissitude II. The antecedent Cause is a Flegmatic Humor contained in the Brain which being stirred by the great sudden and disorderly Commotion of the Spirits proceeding from the Terror and cast off to the Pith of the Spine constitutes the containing Cause III. For the Humor in that place contracting the Pores of the Pith prevents the free Influx of the Animal Spirits through the Marrow into the Nerves and Muscles So that not being sufficient to perfect the voluntary Motion it happens that the Limbs are moved forward by a voluntary Motion but are depressed by their own Weight so that both together cause a trembling Motion IV. This Trembling is more vehement in the Body when cold less violent when the Body is warm Because the Pores are more contracted by the Cold and more dilated by the Heat Which causes a freer or less open Passage to the Animal Spirits and consequently a more or less vehement Trembling V This Trembling is not a little dangerous for it may turn to a Palsey or may be accompanied with an Apoplexy a Carus or a Lethargy VI. The Cure is the same as of the Palsey HISTORY XIV Of a Convulsion A Maid about thirty years of Age received a Wound in her Right-arm which laid a Nerve bare but unhurt However she lay in a cold Place and by reason of her Poverty not well guarded against the Cold and besides an unskilful Chyrurgeon having stopped the Blood put a Tent into the Wound dipped in Egyptiaeum and the Apostles Oyntment which caused a most painful and vehement Convulsion in her Arm which soon after was accompanied with a Convulsion of the Thigh on the same side and of her Arm and Thigh on the other side which lasted sometimes half a quarter sometimes an Hour sometimes half an hour intermitting and returning She was in such Pain that many times it made her talk idly I. THE Nerves and Muscles of this Patient were affected as appeared by the Motion not spontaneous and that still more encrease and her Head was grieved as appeared by the Delirium II. This Simptom is called a Convulsion which is a continued and unvoluntary Contraction of the Nerves and Muscles toward their beginning III. The remote Cause was the Wound received which laid the Wound bare The next Cause was the sharp and biting Oyntment provoking the Nerve and the cold
in the first place the Preservation and Life of the whole Body some few things are to be said concerning the special Cure of some parts which in this Disease are more Afflicted then others Because that the Morbific matter either is more especially troublesom to them or falls upon them with greater force and in greater abundance Now the Parts more then others Afflicted are either Internal or External The principal Internal Parts are the Lungs the Stomach the Guts the Liver and the Reins and that they are Affected and greivously Prejudic'd is discern'd by the bad Performance of their Functions But although when these Parts whether one or more be particularly afflicted the danger of the Patients is so great that very few so seiz'd recover from the Disease and escape nevertheless because all do not dye but some are sav'd it behoves the Physitian to Devise what Cure may be done in these desperate Cases and as much as may be to lessen the cause of the Disease and asswage the Symptoms that so he may either restore the Patient to Health or procure him a more easie Death In General the Decoctions of Lentils Lack and Tragacanth relieve all these Parts and Bowels so Afflicted For Lack preserves the Liver Spleen and Kidneys Lentils Corroborate the Intestines and Tragacanth defends the spiritual Parts Particularly sweet things are proper for the Lungs Labouring under Sickness as being those things which promote Maturation asswage Coughing and facilitate Spitting Such are Syrup of Colts-foot Licorice Jujubes Wild Poppies Violets Roses cold Diatragacanth Diapendium Powder and Juice of Licorice Conserves of Roses Borage Violets and the like of which as occasion requires sometimes Loches sometimes Trochischs sometimes Electuaries are made Or else Pectoral Decoctions of Barley cleans'd Colts-foot Althea Violet Leaves Figs Raisins Jujubes c. are sweeten'd by their mixture Treacle at the beginning powerfully asswages Vomiting of the Stomach and Pains of the Heart Afterwards some such kind of Emulsion is to be Administer'd â„ž Sweet Almonds cleans'd â„¥ j. four greater Cold seeds an Ê’j s. Lettice and Columbine seed an Ê’j s. White Poppy seed Ê’ij s. Barley water q. s. make an Emulsion for one pint To which add Syrup of Poppies Ê’ij Syrup of Borage â„¥ s. Mix them Outwardly a Fomentation may be applyed to the Region of the Stomach of a Decoction of Mallows Althea Mint Sage Thyme Marjoram Flowers of Roses Camomil and Melilot seeds of Anise and Cumin After Fomentation for the greater Corroboration of the Part anoint with this Liniments â„ž Oyl of Mint and Anise an â„¥ j. Expression of Nutmegs Ê’j s. Oyl of Spike and Bricks an Ê’j Mix them for a Liniment After Unction let this little Bag be lay'd on sprinkled with hot Wine or else boyl'd a little in Wine and gently squeez'd â„ž Ledves of Majoram Rosemary Sage Flowers of Melilot and Roses an half â—… handful Seeds of Dill Lovage Cumin Nutmegs an Ê’j Clove Gilliflowers ℈ ij make a gross Powder and sow it in a little Linnen bag according to Art Treacle Mithridate Diascordium Hart's-horn burnt Crabes Eyes Powdred Terra Sigellata or sealed Earth red Coral conserve of red Roses or else the first Decoction of Avicen in the foregoing Chapter asswage the Gripings of the Guts and stop the Flux of the Belly Or else some such kind of Almond Composition â„ž White Poppy seed Ê’iij Sweet Almonds cleansed â„¥ ij Decoction of Barley q. s. make an Emulsion to a Pint to which add Syrup of Poppies and dry Roses an Ê’iij mix them together for an Almond composition When the Liver is affected the same Amygdalate will be very proper adding the four cold Seeds Or else a Decoction of Barley with red Roses and red Saunders sweetned with Syrup of wild Poppies Roses and Violets Or else an Electuary of Citron Rinds condited Conserve of Roses Borage Violets and Powder of the three Saunders with an addition of Syrup of wild Poppies For the Kindneys if the Patient makes Bloody Water the following Emulsion is to be prescribed â„ž Sweet Almonds cleansed â„¥ j. s. the four cold Seeds an Ê’j White Poppy seed Ê’iij Decoction of Barley q. s. make an Emulsion to a Pint. In which dissolve Tragacanth powdered ℈ ij Syrups of Wild Poppy dryed Roses and Cumphry an â„¥ s. Mix them together for an Almond composition Liddelius in this case commends powder of Amber Trochischs of Yellow Amber or Alkakengy with an Emulsion of the four greater cold Seeds These are the primary and cheif things which can be prescribed and administred in these most dangerous cases when the inner Bowels are greivously affected according to which method Physiclans may and ought to devise many others of the same Nature For a Patient is not presently to be abandond as uttterly lost in the pangs of extremity and danger of Death which would be an uncharitable act in Christanity but it behoves a Physitian to try his utmost and leave the rest to God who has many times restored to Health such as have lain in a desperate condition CHAP. XII Of the Cure of the External Parts THE External Parts which are usually most afflicted by this Distemper are the Hands and Feet the Mouth and Chaps the Nose the Ears the Eyes and Face At the coming forth of the small-Pox or when they begin to ripen many times an extraordinary Pain and Itching afflicts the Persons diseased in the hollow of their Hands and the Soles of their Feet because the thickness of the Skin in those Parts prevents their coming forth You shall cure this symptom by somenting those Parts in warm water or in warm water mixt with Sweet Milk or in a mollifying Decoction If the small Pox are come out very thick about the Mouth and Chaps they cause a difficulty of Respiration and swallowing In this case the Mouth is frequently to be washed and the Throat also frequently gargl'd with the simple Decoction of Figgs or if there be any Inflammation or violent heat the same Decoction may be thus prescribed â„ž Barley cleansed â„¥ j. s. sliced Figs no. xvij Raisins of the Sun stoned â„¥ j. s. Leaves of Althea Violets Endive Lettice an one handful and a half flowers of pale Roses one handful of Elder one handful Water q. s. make a Decoction of two pints to wash the Mouth When the Pox are ripe to render the act of swallowing more easie and cause a swifter breaking of the Pox let the Patient frequently swallow a Pill about the biggness of a filbeard of new Butter without any Salt wrapt up in Sugar for this wonderfully dissolves the Swelling Pox of the Jaws But if this happen to fail and that the Pox remain wholâ—… and that the difficulty of Breathing and Swallowing still increases then take a small Spunge fastened to a little stick and having dipped it in Syrup of Violets squeeze it strongly against the Jaws to the end thereby the Pox may be forcibly broken and the narrowness of the Passage
then it happens that the Blood is not sufficiently purify'd from that defilement and hence that after some Years the Small Pox comes again by reason that the Old remainders are by some new occasion provoked to Action But that the Small Pox should seize in such an Order four Children of the same Man and that in so short a distance of time and every time come out so thick is that which never before we knew in all our Practise If perchance some few had only come forth the first time it might have been probable that some of the Relics of the Contamination not sufficiently seperated through weak Fermentation might break forth again but in regard that Conjecture vanishes by reason of the great quantity coming out over the whole Body both the first and second time I would fain know to what other cause we can attribute such an accident as this then to some occult and unexpressible cause that lies no less latent in the Small Pox then in the Pestilence and how it should come to pass that I my self who am now about seventy Years of Age and was not only conversant with these but a Thousand others yet never should have the Small Pox since that contagion does so easily infect others HISTORY IX A Virgin of Three and Twenty Years of Age Plethoric and Strong being taken of a suddain with a Fever accompanied with an extraordinary heaviness of her own head took a Dram of Treacle in a little Wine which causing her to Sweat soundly presently the Small Pox came out very thick over all the Body but her Fever and heaviness were so far from slackning that they grew more violent Then my advice but too late was asked for the strength of the Maid was so far spent that there was hardly any thing to be given her However I gave her twice a Dram of Crabs-Eyes prepared with a little Decoction of Barley and prescribed her a pleasing Julep But the sixth day her Monthly Evacuations came from her out of the Order of time and the same day the Pox that continued high raised till then suck down again So that the Fever and heaviness increasing the Maid all her strength failing her dy'd the next Night ANNOTATIONS AT the same time two other Young Maids their Evacuations bursting out unexpectedly and unseasonably in a short time dy'd And this has been observed by us several times in this disease when there is a violent Ebullition of the Blood and that the Small Pox come out thick without any Diminution of the Fever and Symptoms then it is a very bad if not a mortal Sign if the Monthly Evacuations break forth out of Season For such Patients seldom or never escape though that Eruption happens upon the Seventh or any other Critical day Moreover we have observed this that if during the Ebullition of the Blood in the Small Pox the Monthly Evacuations also break forth at the usual Period of time such Patients are then also in great danger and many of them dye though some ease might be expected from such an Evacuation HISTORY X. ANN of Durenburch a Young Maid of Twenty Years of Age was taken with a Fever and Heaviness accompanied with a Dosiness of the Head and an inclination to sleep and oft-times a slight interveneing Delirium affrightment in her sleep and a moderate Thirst. Having taken a Diaphoretic and Sweat soundly soon after the Small Pox appeared Afterwards she drank of this Decoction four five or six times a day ℞ Barley cleansed ℥ s. Root of Elacampane ʒ v. sliced Licorice ʒij Orange-peels ʒiij Scabious a handful and a half Fennel seed ʒj four greater Cold seeds an ℈ iiij Fat Figs no. xv Raisins stoned ℥ j. s. VVater q. s. for an Apozem of two Pints When the Small Pox were now sufficiently expelled by the use of this Decoction I ordered that her face should be often fomented with a soft Spunge dipped in lukewarm Mutton Broth but because it fell out that the Broth could not be had and she was importunate for some Topic to preserve her Face I ordered her Face to be anointed twice a day with old Oyl of Turneps which done the Pox in her Face were not so big as those over the rest of her Body they ripened also sooner and the Scabs at length falling off no Pits at all remained in her Face Only the Oyntment was continued till she was perfectly cured ANNOTATIONS IF the Small Pox are not large and Contiguous for the most part we administer nothing to prevent Piting but leave Nature to do her own business in regard she does it better of her own accord then the Physitians can do by Art so that the Patients themselves do not dig off the Scabs with their Nails but suffer them to dry and fall off of their own accord This daily Experience tells us For that Thousands are better Cured without Pits or Marks left behind to whom no Topics are administer'd and many to whom Topics have been administer'd without Judgment have had deeper Pits then if they had left the Work to Nature without Topics But if the Pox are very large and Contiguous in the Face or if they be such Patients that will not be satisfy'd unless the Physitian ascribe them Topics which is frequent among Young Ladys that are afraid of their Beauty then such things are to be prescrib'd as mollifie the Scabs of the Pustles and bring the matter therein contain'd to quickest Maturation To that purpose I have frequently prescribed the Oyl of Turneps with good success by which means very few or no Footsteps of the Small Pox have been seen which was once imparted to me as a great Secret by on Harscamp a Famous Practitioner Forestus anoints the Scabs with Oyl of Sweet Almonds till they are dryed up which prevents as he says all Piting and Scars and so highly approves that remedy that he cannot think of any better as being that which has no Smell and is no way noisom either to Children or grown People However great care is to be taken of making use of dryers at the Beginning for these prevent the farther Maturation of the matter and by drying up the Scabs and Pits hinder the Generation of new Flesh of which Errour committed Forestus gives us a terrible Example For says he when a Young Gentleman of Thirty Years of Age having had the Small Pox by the advice of his Nurse made use of Butter Fryed to Blackness in a Frying-Pan and besmeared all his Face over with it the Scab became so very nasty exulcerating all his Face that he lost one of his Eyes and but for the application of timely remedies had lost the other too And therefore it is that we so often inculcate that many People scape better that use no applications at all so that whatever Authors write that Maturing Medicines are to be applyed I say it is to be done with great Caution HISTORY XI A Noble Lady of Eighteeen
of Wind. In the intervening Hours because of the Suffocations frequently returning she sometimes took her first Decoction By the use of these Medicines within four days the greatest part of her Pains ceased The twenty ninth of September I ordered the Saphena Vein in her Left-foot to be opened and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away which gave her ease and the same day she took her last Apozeme again of which the following days she drank no more than once a day And thus by the use of these Remedies she escaped a dangerous Disease and recovered her Health ANNOTATIONS CHild-bearing Women in their Lyings in frequently commit very great Errors afterwards the Causes of great Mischiefs Among which this is not the least that they are over confident of their own Strength and trust themselves in the Air sooner than the time of their Lying in will permit whence arise those dangerous Diseases Suppression of the Courses Fevers Suffocations and many others of which there are several Examples to be found in Authors besides what we see every day Thus in our Practice we have seen through this Error committed by Child-bearing Women most terrible Diseases brought upon them some of whom have died others ran most terrible Hazards others have goâ—… those afflictions of some particular Part which they could never claw off as long as they liv'd They do not all escape so luckily as our Patient before mentioned for sometimes extream Weakness or loathing of the Taste or a Fever or some other thing hinders the taking of the Medicaments or inverts or hinders the operation of the Medicines and then all the Art and Diligence of the Physitian signifies nothing Thus the same year that I had this Woman in Cure the Wife of a Kinsman of mine at Utrecht a strong Woman fell into the same Distemper but not to be cured by all the Prescriptions of the most learned and prudent Physitians In these Cases I have observed this that the Courses suppressed a little after Delivery unless they be stirred within three or four days by Medicaments can very hardly or not at all be moved by the help of the Physitians but are the Causes of very desperate Diseases which Diseases do not presently appear sometimes not till after some days sometimes not till after the third or fourth Week And in the Cure of these Diseases I have farther observed this that the greatest Relief is given at the beginning before the Strength of the Patient is abated partly by attenuating Apozems and loosning withal to provoke and evacuate the Matters peccant both in quantity and quality partly by Blood-letting in the Feet which way of Cure I have with success experienced more than once OBSERVATION XX. The Nephritic Passion THE Young Lady Calsâ—…ager was so cruelly tormented for three days with a Pain a little below her Loyns that she knew not where to turn her self these Pains were also accompanied with Vomiting and an extraordinary Restlessness It was the Nephritic Passion and the Gravel or Stone descending through the Ureters caused this Pain Wherefore to expel the Gravel with more speed and ease I prescribed this Decoction â„ž Slic'd Licorice â„¥ s. Herbs Stone-parsly Althea Chervil Mallows Water-parsly Leaves of black Ribs an one Handful Flowers of Camomil one Handful and a half fat Figs n o ix New Milk common Water an q. s. Boil them to the Consumption of the third part for an Apozem That Day she drank almost all the Decoction and about Evening voided some small Stones with a good quantity of Gravel and was freed from her Distemper ANNOTATIONS MEdicines that break the Stone sometimes crumble the little Stones that stick in the Kidneys as Experience tells us But when they are expell'd out of the Kidneys and stick in the Ureters they are not to be crumbled by the force of any Medicaments whatever which Reason besides Experience teaches us since no Medicaments can reach thither with their Vertue entire for that the great quantity of Serum running thither and there setling hinders and abates the Strength of the Medicaments so that they are disabled in their Operation And therefore to force the Stones out of the Ureter lenifying and molifying Medicaments must be mixed with the Diuretics to smooth and mollifie the Ureters and to prepare a more easie Descent for the Stone Such is that Decoction which I and such is that Prescription of Io. Baptist Thodosius which he boast never fail'd him in driving out the Stone though he had made use of it several and several times â„ž Leaves of fresh gathered Althea one Handful and a half New Butter â„¥ iij. Honey lb j. Boil them together in Water q. s. to the Consumption of the third part Take of the Straining a warm Draught Morning and Evening Such is also that celebrated Secret of Forestus which most Physitians highly approve and which I have successfully made use of only now and then with some Alterations and Additions of which Forestus himself thus writes This my Secret I will no longer conceal for tâ—…e common Benefit of the Sick that it may not be laid to mine which was laid to the Charge of the wicked Servant who hid the Talent which God had given him in the Earth And therefore I will no longer to the Prejudice of Posterity keep this Secret by me which is this â„ž Seed of Mallows Althea an Ê’iij Red Vetches â„¥ iij. The four greater Seeds an Ê’ij Barly cleaned â„¥ ij Fat Figs n o ix Sebeston n o vij Licorice slic'd Ê’j Rain-water 〈◊〉 iiij Boil these to the Consumption of half and reserve the Straining for use which the Patient continually using always voided Stones OBSERVATION XXI The Worms A Little Boy the Son of Antonius about three years of age had the lower part of his Belly extreamly swell'd and stretch'd like a Drumb so that he seem'd to be Hydropic his Stomach was gone with a slight Fever accompanied with Frights in his Sleep and he would be always rubbing his Nose with his Fingers I guess'd them to be either Worms or crude Humors sticking in the first Region of the Belly that caused all those evil Symptoms Wherefore because the Child would take nothing but would be always drinking I ordered new Ale to be given him for his Drink with which I only mixt a little Oyl of Vitriol so much as suffic'd to give it a gentle Sowrness This Drink being continued for a fortnight or three Weeks the Swelling of his Belly fell but he voided no Worms ANNOTATIONS OYl of Vitriol given after that manner does not only remove all Putrefactions and Corruptions but kills and consumes the Worms in the Stomach and Guts and those that are infested with such like evils and we have seen it recover those that have been despaired of contrary to Expectation Thus my Sister Cornelia when she came to be seven years of Age and was miserably tormented with the Worms in her Belly and had taken several Remedies to no
Sense or Motion only that he breathed and had a strong Pulse I. THat this man's Head was terribly afflicted the Cessation of the Animal Functions sufficiently declared II. This Affection is called an Apoplexy which is a sudden Privation of all the Animal Functions except the Act of Respiration III. It is plain that it was no Lethargy Syncope Sleepy Coma Catalepsis or Epilepsie because the Patient without any Fever lay almost immoveable insensible nor could be waked by any means having all his Members languid only with a strong Pulse and a heavy Respiration which are no Simptoms of the foresaid Diseases IV. The Brain is affected about the beginning of the Pith which is the Original of all the Nerves then besieged by a Flegmatic Humor V. The remote Cause was continual Gluttony and Drunkenness by which the Brain in a long time was extreamly weakned and the many crude and Flegmatic Humors generated therein and collected together in the Ventricles made the Antecedent Cause which afterward setling at the Original of the Nerves constituted the containing Cause VI. The Animal Spirits being hindred by those Humors contracting the Pores of the beginning of the Nerves presently all the Animal Functions cease and the Patient becomes void of Sense and Motion except Respiration because the Spirits still flow thither by reason of the largeness of the Pores of the Respiratory Nerves But the Distemper lasting together with the Flegmatic Obstruction or Compression the Influx of the Spirits into them is also stop'd which causes the Respiration also to fail and thence a heaving and ratling in the Throat VII The Pulse beats well because the Blood sent from the right Ventricle of the Heart to the Lungs is sufficiently as yet refrigerated but if the Disease continue the Pulse will also fail because the Blood of the right Ventricle of the Heart is not sufficiently ventilated and cool'd so that little Blood comes to the left Ventricle which weakens the Motion of the Heart VIII This Disease is very dangerous yet because it is but in the beginning and Respiration is not yet come to Ratling and for that there is a strong natural Heat remaining in the Patient there is some hope of Cure though not without some fear of a Palsie that will ensue the Cure IX The Method of Cure the removal of the flegmatic Humors obstructing the beginning of the Nerves to prevent a new Generation and Collection of them and to corroborate the Brain X. Let the Body be moderately moved let the Hairs be plucked and laborious Rubings and Ligatures of the Arms and Thighs This Glister may be also administred â„ž Wormwood Rue Pellitory of the Wall Mercury Hyssop Beets Lesser Centaury an M. j. Leaves of Senna â„¥ j. Celocynth ty'd in a Bag Ê’j Anise-seed Ê’v Water q. s. Boil them according to Art â„ž Of the Straining â„¥ x. Elect. Hiera Picra Diaphoenicon an â„¥ j. Salt ℈ iiij for a Glister Or instead thereof this Suppository â„ž Specierum Hierae Ê’j Trochises Alhanhal ℈ s. Salt Gemma ℈ j. Honey ℈ vj. Make a Suppository and at the end of it fasten gr iiij of Diagridium XI After he has taken this Glister Bleed him moderately in the Arm then apply Cupping-glasses with and without Scarification to his Neck Shoulders Scapulas and Legs XII Let this Sneezing Powder be also blown up into the Nostrils â„ž Roots of white Hellebore ℈ j. Pellitory of Spain ℈ s. Leaves of Marjoram ℈ j. Black Pepper Castoreum an gr v. For a Powder XIII Outwardly let this little Bag be applied warm to his Head â„ž Salt M. j. s. Sea-sand Mij Seeds of Cummin Fennel Lovage an Ê’ij Cloves Ê’j s. Heat them in a dry Stone Pot put them in a linnen Bag and apply them warm to the Head XIV Let the Nostrils Temples and Top of the Head be anointed with this Liniment â„ž Oâ—…ls of Castor Lavender Rosemary Amber an ℈ j. Martiate Oyntment Ê’j XV. When the Patient begins to come to himself give him now and then a Spoonful of this Water â„ž Water of Tylet Flowers Lilly of the Valleys Aqua Vitae of Matthiolus Syrup of Stoechas an â„¥ j. XVI Let him then be purged with Pill Cochiae extract of Catholicon Elect. Diaphenicon or Hiera Picra Powder of Diaturbith or the Infusion of such kind of Flegm-purging Ingredients XVII After Purgation let him take this Apozem â„ž Roots of Sweet Cane Fennel an Ê’vj Galangal â„¥ iij. Marjoram Betony Rosemary Rue Calamint Hyssop an M. j. Flowers of Stoechas M. s. Cordial Flowers an one little Handful Iuniper Berries Ê’vj Seeds of Anise Fennel an Ê’ij Water and Hydromel equal parâ—…s Make an Apozem of lbj. s. Of which let him take four or five ounces thrice a day with a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambre ℈ iiij Sweet Diamosch Ê’s Roots of sweet Cane candied Conserves of Betony Anthos and Flowers of Sage Syrup of Staechas q. s. XVIII Let this Quilt be laid also upon his Head â„ž Leaves of Marjoram M. j. Rosemary and Flowers of Lavender an two small Handfuls Cloves Nutmegs an ℈ jj Benjamin ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder and quilt them into red Silk XIX An Air moderately hot and dry either by Art or Nature is most proper for this Distemper Meats of good Nourishment and easie of Digestion condited with Rosemary Marjoram creeping Thyme Sage Betony Baum Hyssop the Carminative Seeds and Spices c. Small Drink and sometimes a little Hypocrass Short Sleeps moderate Exercise and orderly Evacuations HISTORY XIII Of the Palsey and Trembling A Virgin twenty five years of Age of a Flegmatic Constitution having for a long time â—…ed upon Sallads Cucumbers and raw Fruit afterwards complaining of heavy dozing Pains in her Head at length fell Apoplectic to the Ground without Motion or Sense except Respiration The Physician who was sent for had brought her to this pass that after six hours she opened her Eyes again and after twenty hours was fully restored to her Senses and spoke but all the Left-side of her Body below the Head remain'd immoveable with a very dull Sense of Feeling Yet her Monthly Customs observed their Periods though not so copious I. THat Affection which remained after the weak Apoplexy went off is called a Palsie Which is a Privation of Voluntary Motion or Sense or both in one or several Parts of the Body II. The Part affected is the Spinal Pith chiefly about the beginning of it where the one half Part of it being compressed or obstructed by the Flegmatic Humor expelled from the Brain disturbs the Use of all those Nerves proceeding from that side and by consequence of the Muscles III. The remote Cause is disorderly Diet and the too much use of cold things whence many flegmatic Humors being generated in a flegmatic Body cause an oppressive Pain in the Head which is the antecedent Cause which also afterwards obstructing the Original of the Marrow of the Brain and afterwards cast
Choler the Heart only breeds Blood c. Nor does the usual Subterfuge avail in this place that Choler generated in the Stomach is not natural but preternatural Choler For to this I answer that that Choler which the Distemper call'd Cholera which Choler they say is bred in the Stomach and in the Loosenesses of many Infants is discharged in great quantity is a sharp and for the most part eruginous or green Choler I have found it to be such in the dissected Bodys of many that have dy'd of this Distemper heaped up together in great Quantity in the Gall-Bladder and the ductus Cholodichus but little or none in the Stomach Which is a certain Sign that this Choler when it is in a boyling Condition breaks forth into the Stomach and Intestines but that it is not bred there LXVII In Infants that have dy'd of such a green choleric Loosness I have observ'd and that frequently the Gall-bladders full of very green Choler and swell'd to the bigness of a large Hens Egg. So that it is most certain that where the natural there the preternatural Choler is bred that is to say on the Liver But some will say that it is impossible that so great a quantity of green Choler should be so suddenly bred in the Liver or be collected and stir'd up from any other Part within it as uses to be evacuated in the Disease called Cholera in a few Hours For in the space of four and twenty Hours several Pints of that Matter are evacuated to the filling of some Chamberpots and therefore of necessity it must be true that that Choler is at that time bred in the Stomach To which I answer That this Choler being gathered together from all Parts to fill the Gall Bladder for the most part is of a dark green Color and very sharp and when this being in a boyling Condition breaks forth into the Intestines and Ventricle then it vexes and tears those Parts and like a violently pricking Medicin causes the Serous and various other Humors to flow from all Parts to the Intestines Which being tinctur'd by a small quantity of green Choler infused into the Ventricle and Intestins become all of a green Colour and so are discharged green out of the Body Which Redundancy of flowing Humors being sometimes very great the Ignorant believe that it is only meer Choler that is expel'd the Body in such a great Quantity when they are only other Humors coloured by the Choler Now that this Choler causes such a Tincture by its Intermixture I know by Experience for that with half a Spoonful of that Juice taken out of the Gall-bagg I have in the sight of several People tinctured a whole Pint of Water LXVIII The affirmative Patrons of the third Problem with whom Regius consents assure us that all the Chylus does not flow from the Stomach to the Intestins but that some Part of it is conveighed to the Spleen through the Vas venosum breve and other neighbouring Gastric Veins For Proof of which they give a two sold Reason The first is because the Birth in the Womb is nourished first of all with the milky Juice that swims at the top of it and through the Navel-vein sticking to it and not as yet extended to the Placenta conveighed to the Liver and Heart of the Infant Now if this happen to the Embryo 't is no wonder that when a Man is born that part of the Chylus should pass thro' the Gastric Veins to the Spleen The other Reason is that after a Man has fed heartily there follows such a sudden Refection that so great and so sudden could never happen if the whole Chylus were first to pass through all the milky Vessels and that some part of it did not rather get to the Spleen by a shorter Cut and thence reach to the Heart more speedily LXIX To the first Reason I answer That the Embryo is not at that time nourished with the milky Iuice but with the remainder of the seminal Liquor poured upon it by reason of its vicinity to it entring the Pores and soon after received into the Mouth And that the Navel vein being at length fastened to the uterine Placenta can neither receive or attract any more milky Juice So that an Agreement with it and the Gastric Veins was ill contriv'd from hence Moreover supposing that any thing of the alimentary Juice were carried at that time to the Liver of the Birth through the Navel Vein I say it does not follow from thence that the Chylus in Men born passes also out of the Ventricle through the Gastric Veins and out of the Intestins through the Mesaraics That Comparison being altogether lame seeing that several Parts are in such a manner serviceable to the Birth which they cannot pretend to in Men born Of which all the Navel Vessels afford us an Example the Foramen Ovale in the Heart the Closure of the Arteria Pulmonaris with the Aorta c. besides that several Parts have no use as yet in the Birth that come to be serviceable in Men born as the Lungs the Liver the Spleen the genital Parts the Eyes the Nose the Ears So that from the use of any Part in the Birth there can be concluded no use of any Part in a Man born as we cannot conclude any use of the Gastric and Mesâ—…raic Veins from the use of the Umbilical LXX As to the second Reason it seems to infer a very plausible Argument from sudden Refreshment that follows after Eating and Drinking which is thought to be occasioned from hence because that the more subtil Part of the Chyle passing by a shorter Cut from the Ventricle to the Spleen gets far sooner to the Heart and refreshes it than if it were first to pass to the Intestins thence thro' several milkie Vessels to the Vein called Subclavia and so through the Vena cava to the Heart Nay I have sometimes heard that for a farther Proof of this Assertion that an Example was cited by Regius out of Fernelius of a certain Female Patient whose Pylorus or Orifice of the Stomach was wholly obstructed yet did she cat every Day tho' she threw what she cat up again and in that manner liv'd a long time Which could never have bin says Regius unless something of the Chylus had bin conveighed out of the Stomach through the Gastric Veins to the Spleen 1. Because the Chyle enters no other but the milky Vessels 2. Because there are no milky Vessels at all that are carried to the Stomach or from the Stomach as Deusingius pretends to assert Institut Anat. tho' I do not believe that ever any Deusingian will presume to make out so that if the Chyle should pass from thence to the Spleen it ought to be conveighed through the Vas breve and other Blood conveighing Veins whereas they neither admit the Chylus nor can receive it for the Reasons brought concerning the Mesaraicks l. 7. c. 2. 3.
not all yet some would have seen and observ'd something concerning this matter But now the whole Confirmation rests upon the uncertain Testimonies of some obscure Authors which are contradicted by other more ponderous Reasons besides the former alledged so that the said Opinion can no longer be propt by any more such weak Supporters For that besides the Nerves large Blood-bearing Vessels enter the Spleen of a Man and go forth again two Splenetick Arteries and various Veins meeting in one Splenetick Branch of which the sole resection is sufficient to kill a man with a vast Flux of blood For it is not probable that these Vessels can be so straitly bound by any Knots or other astringent Remedies but that the Flux of blood must be very great for all that Or if they be bound with Strings which in that hidden part of Man cannot conveniently be done as is known to them that understand the Constitution and Connexion of the Bowel yet then not long after the Threads being putrify'd either a deadly Flux of blood or a Gangrene must of necessity follow Moreover I my self have more than once seen Spleens wounded with Swords and Spears but never knew any man so wounded escape notwithstanding all the diligence that I and other Surgeons could use Now if only the wounds and those slight ones too of this Bowel are Mortal nay if only its being out of order its obstruction or any other Distemper so grievously disturb the whole body and many times occasion death how much more deadly will it be how much more destructive to the body and to life when it is all taken away As for Dogs whose Spleens are cut out they do not all live nay of many so serv'd very few recover and they the rest of their lives dull heavy and slothful nor do they live long And that for this reason without doubt for that for want of convenient matter to be afforded from the Spleen convenient Ferment cannot be prepar'd in the Liver which causes a thicker blood to be generated in the Heart out of which blood but few Animal and Vital Spirits can be rais'd and those very thick Besides what may be done safely and conveniently in a Dog to attempt that in Man to the hazard of Life would be a Villany For that which in this particular proves not mortal in a Dog would certainly kill a Man Without doubt there is no Person of sound Judgment but must suffer himself to be perswaded but that this Bowel executes a more necessary Action in Man than in a Dog in whom the Pancreas or other part may better supply the office of the Spleen than in a Man as in whom the whole Bowel is furnish'd with so many Arteries Veins and Nerves and furnish'd with its own Parenchyma and consequently cannot be created in vain XLIII Hence it is apparent what is to be answer'd to that Experiment of Malpigius that is to say that because there is a lesser use of a Spleen and not so necessary an action requir'd from it in a Dog as in a Man hence it happens that some Dogs may want the use of it and yet not all Experience teaching us that several have perish'd in a short time whose Spleens have been cut out and few have escap'd Whereas it is otherwise in Man in whom seeing the least disorder of the Spleen many ways and after a wonderful manner disturbs the whole Microcosmical Kingdom much more dammage would it receive from the taking it out of the Body XLIV And therefore we must conclude the Spleen to be in man most necessary for Life and that it cannot be cut out and the life of man be still preserv'd CHAP. XVII Of the Function of the Liver and Spleen also of the use of Choler the Pancreatick and Lymphatick Iuice I. HOW various the Opinions of several Men have been concerning the use of Choler the Pancreatic Iuice and the Lympha we have shewn in the foregoing Chapters But since no Body has as yet perceiv'd or at least describ'd the Dignity of those Bowels nor the necessity of those Juices it will be now time that those Mysteries that have lain hid for so many Ages should be brought to light from the knowledge whereof will arise the greatest light to Physic and the obscure and unknown Causes of many Diseases will be discover'd II. The Actions of the Liver the Spleen and the Sweet-bread all conspire to the self same end and prepare the Ferment of the Blood and Chylus together in the making whereof the Functions of these three must of necessity concur when the one cannot perfect this business without the other As Leaven is mix'd with Flowre of Wheat kneaded with warm Water that thereby the more thick and earthy Parts of the Wheat may be dissolv'd and the spirituous Parts asleep and lying hid in that terrestrial Mass may be attenuated and stirr'd up and so the whole Mass of Bread being throughly besprinkl'd with those attenuated Spirits is made more light and easy for Digestion Thus there is a necessity for the Ferment to be mix'd with the Chylus and Venal Blood by means of which the spirituous Particles lying hid therein may be attenuated and quicken'd up and so the whole Mass be more fit for Sanguification and Nourishment III. Now that same Leaven of Bread which will bring us more easily to the Knowledg of the Ferment of the Blood and Chylus is generally made of some Quantity of Meal which is kneaded together with warm Water to which is added a small Quantity of Salt Vinegar and so kept in a warm Place till the salt or acid Spirits are somewhat volatiliz'd by the Heat and pierce through the Particles of the Mass of Flower and dilate and separate 'em and so render the whole Mass Subacid and Fermentative Then a little Piece of this acid Ferment being mix'd into the Mass of Meal kneaded with warm Water causes the whole Mass to ferment For those Fermentaceous Particles diffuse themselves through the whole Mass and cut and attenuate all the Parts of the Dough and the Spirits therein lying hid Our Country Folks mix also Yest with their Dough to the same end and others perhaps may use another Ferment but all Ferment whatever it be consists of Salt Acid Sowre and Corroding things melted and somewhat volatiliz'd with a moderate Heat Which if they be thicker and closer are more slowly dissolv'd and their Power shews it self more slowly and must be mix'd a longer time with the Dough before they can ferment it as happens in the first Ferment which must be mix'd for many Hours and sometimes a whole Night to perfect its Work But if by the Mixture of certain sulphury Particles they become Spirituous and more Volatiliz'd they ferment presently as we find in Yest which within an Hour or half an Hour and sometimes sooner accomplishes its Operation For the more spirituous sharp Particles be in this more free from
the Spleen and Parts aforesaid to be the greatest part concocted into a more perfect Ferment by the Liver for the Venal Blood and Chylus XVIII And thus the first Original of Internal Ferment is from the Nourishment which afterwards is more and more attenuated by various Concoctions and alter'd in our Body into a more subtle Ferment XIX Now that it is the true Office of the Liver Spleen and Sweet-bread to make Ferment in the manner aforesaid is apparent from hence that when those Bowels are perfectly Sound and perform their Duty according to Nature the whole Mass of Blood is better and more full of Spirits and thence the Body more Lively and Active and all the Natural and Animal Operations are rightly perform'd On the other side when these Bowels are out of Order a thousand Diseases arise from the Blood and Chylus ill fermented XX. As we have already said there is a sharp Salt acid Iuice which is made in the Liver out of the artery Blood copiously forc'd through the splenic Artery into this Bowel which by the plentiful pouring in of Animal Spirits through the Nerves and by the specific Temper of this Bowel is soon altered and the sulphury Spirit that was before predominant in it is dull'd fix'd and suffocated so the salt acid latent Spirits comes forth into Action and the salt Particles somewhat separated from the Sulphury get the upper hand And hence it comes to pass that the hot sweetish Blood flows through the Arteries into the Spleen but by and by the sulphury Heat being extinguish'd together with the Sweetness it becomes Saltish or somewhat Acid and flows through the Splenic Branch from the Spleen to the Liver Which is the Reason a boyl'd Spleen tasts somewhat Sowrish And thus it happens in this Matter as in a Vinegar Vessel Vinegar is made out of Wine for the Vinegar Vessel is laid in a warm Place commonly in the Garret where the Sun may come at it Into this Vessel not quite full they pour a moderate Quantity of good strong Wine for weak Wine will not make good Vinegar Which done presently the sulphury sweet Spirit of the Wine is fix'd and suffocated by the salt and acid Particles predominating in the Vinegar and the salt and acid Particles which are lodg'd in the Wine are melted dissolv'd attenuated and forc'd to Action by the sharp Acidity of the Vinegar and so the Wine turns Eager and becomes Vinegar And thus the sulphureous Spirit of the Arterial Blood is fix'd and stifl'd partly by the Animal Spirits flowing through the Nerves partly by the acid and salt Spirits prepared and contain'd in the Spleen and the salt and acid Spirits that are in it get the upper hand which afterwards new sulphury Spirits that ly in the Venal Blood being mix'd therewith afresh are to be by the Liver altered into perfect Ferment XXI Now that the first Matter of the Ferment to be perfected in the Liver is prepared in the Spleen may be in some measure demonstrated by Experience For if the Spleen of an Ox Hog or other Male Creature be cut into small Bits and macerated in luke-warm Water and afterwards mixed with a small Quantity of Dough it dilates it and causes it to ferment like Yest or any other Leven Which it does so much the more effectually if the smallest Quantity of Vinegar be added to it XXII Now if this Function of the Spleen be interrupted there are two Causes of Diseases which arise from thence Some by reason of the salt and acid Iuice too thick and fix'd Others when it is too thin and volatile For when the salt and acid Juices in the Spleen are not sufficiently dissolv'd and attenuated then the Spirits which are extracted out of them are too sharp corroding and in too great Abundance and this Diversity produces Diversity of Diseases XXIII If the Spleen be weak either through its own or the Fault of the Nourishment or through any other Cause then the acid Iuice that is concocted in it is not sufficiently dissolv'd attenuated and volatiliz'd but remains thick and tartarous or earthy and the greatest Part of it lyes heap'd together in the Bladdery Substance of the Spleen and adjoyning Parts by reason of its crude Viscosity which causes the Spleen to wax great and to swell in regard the Spirit that lies hid within it is not sufficiently rous'd up but boyling a little in the narrow Passages in the Spleen and about the Spleen distends the whole Spleen and Parts adjoyning to it and raises a thousand windy Vapours with rumbling and roaring and a troublesome Distemper familiar to Hypochondriacks Which Mischiefs are very much encreased by a deprav'd Condition of the Pancreas proceeding from the Blood corrupted by the vitious Humors of the Spleen and brought to it through the Arteries By reason whereof it concocts its own Juice but ill and of over Salt leaves it too Acid or Austere which partly begets great Obstructions in the Pancreas the Disturbeâ—…s of the Function of that Bowel Partly flowing into the Intestines causes an undue Effervescency therein and infuses a bad subacid Quality into the Chylus whereby it becomes lyable to fixation or coagulation nor cannot be sufficiently attenuated Whence by reason of the more fixed and thicker Chylus remaining in the Abdomen and less prepared to farther Solution are generated Obstructions in the milkie Vessels in the Mesentery and Glandules of the Mesentery and therein a great Quantity of crude and ill Humors is heaped together from the Quantity and Corruption of which a thousand Diseases arise which are vulgarly called Melancholic and are said to arise from the Spleen but how they are bred by it has not been as yet sufficiently Explain'd But when the Blood remains too thick for want of effectual and convenient Ferment and Spirits not supply'd in sufficient Quantity the whole Body grows dull and languid and many Diseases arise For the Blood being thick and not sufficiently Spirituous and having salt crude and slimy Parts intermix'd with it by coagulating the Humors in the Liver and other Bowels of the Abdomen it breeds Obstructions and Scirrhosities It is not sufficiently dilated in the Heart but is forc'd too thick into the Lungs and there being yet more refrigerated by the Air drawn in it difficultly passes through the narrow Passages of 'em and so stuffing the Lungs and compressing the Gristles of the Windpipe causes difficulty of Breathing In the Heart it self by reason of the inequality of the Particles and the difficult Dilatation of many it produces an unequal and sometimes an intermitting Pulse In the Brain passing difficultly and disorderly through those narrow Channels it causes Noises and Heaviness of the Head and because it endammages the natural Constitution of the Brain and because it tears it with its remaining Acrimony the principal Animal Actions are thereby impaired the Imagination and Judgment are deprav'd the Memory is spoyl'd and thence Madness
like a Pigeons Egg and sometimes a small Hen-egg somewhat flat of each side Yet in both there is some variety according as the Vessels adjoyning are more or less swell'd Generally likewise the left exceeds in bigness the right and hangs down somewhat lower rarely the right is bigger than the left Sometime in Veneral Distempers now and then one or both grow to an usual bigness which afterwards when the Disease has been cur'd I have observ'd to continue as long as the Party liv'd without any prejudice but this is preternatural as is also that which Lazarus Riverius reports of one whose Testicles exceeded the Stones of a Horse in bigness from which afterward fell very hard pieces of a stony Substance And no less extraordinary is that which Hildan observes of a certain Person that was troubled with a Dropsie whose right Stone being grown as big as a Goose Egg was found stufft full of Hairs intermix'd with a purulent oily and white matter Plater likewise gives us an Example of Stones as big as a Man's head in a Person that was very bulky and fat XXII Their Substance is peculiar there being none like it of all the other parts of the Body whitish and soft consisting of innumerable very little small Ropes of the Seminal Vessels joyn'd together in a continu'd Series in which altho there be no manifest Concavity to be perceiv'd yet that the said little Ropes are hollow and conveigh the Seed invisibly is apparent if they be made visible Now Regner de Graef was he that first taught us the way to make 'em visible to the sight for he in a Dog or other living Animal tyes the Deferent Vessel by which means the innermost little strings of the little Vessels of the Testicles otherwise imperceptible will easily become conspicuously distended and fill with Seminal Matter He tells us also that these Vessels appear through a whitish Tunicle full of white Seed in the Testicles of a larger Dormouse he adds also that if you put the same Testicles into Water after you have stript off the Tunicle and stir them a little in the Water the little Vessels of their own accord without the help of Instruments will separate one from another and the whole Substance of the Testicles appear to be compos'd of nothing but small Vessels which he had often made out to the Physicians and Surgeons of Delph And the same thing he also shew'd me lately in the Stone of a Dormouse which was so dissolv'd into little small whitish Vessels that it seem'd to consist altogether of such Tho' in the mean time it be very probable that in a living Creature there may be some peculiar tender marrowy Substance with certain imperceptible Glandules intermix'd with those Vessels which in the washing dissolution and preparation of those Vessels is separated from 'em and disappears For it can hardly be believ'd that the Stones should consist of little Vessels alone supported and connected without any other Substance seeing that in all the rest of the Bowels Liver Spleen Kidneys Brain c. the Vessels that run thorough are supported and fasten'd by the Peculiar Substance of that Bowel and the Humours contain'd in 'em by reason of the Property or peculiar Temper and Formation of the Substance adjoyning to those Vessels undergo a very great and specific Alteration which is no more than what may probably happen as well in the Stones as other Bowels XXIII The said Seed-bearing Vessels of the Stones being once loosen'd from each other are to be extended to a wonderful length requisite in those places to that end that the Seminal matter by a longer stay and a slower passage being more exactly and diligently prepared may attain to a greater perfection They are in an Error who write that the Stones are little small Glandules as not having neither temper their frame or fashion their substance nor their use but are noble Parts that give both strength and vigour to Men. Nay they may indeed be said to be the principal Parts as contributing so effectually to the Procreation and Preservation of Mankind XXIV They receive as has been said very small Arteries from the Spermaticks and send forth small Veins to the Vena Cava and left Emulgent Nerves also they have according to the Vulgar Opinion deriv'd from the sixth wandring Pair and the twelfth Pair of the Breast In Novemb. 1668. and again in Decemb. 1670. seeking more narrowly for these Nerves in publick Dissections of Humane Bodies we observ'd only one little Nerve belonging to each Stone a little above that place where the Spermatick Vessels seem to make their Exit out of the Abdomea which joyn'd themselves with the Spermatick Vessels and so entering their common sheath ran forward to the Stone but by reason of its extraordinary slenderness we could not well observe whether it were some little small branch of the sixth Pair of Nerves or of the twelfth Pair of the Breast or as others not without reason will have it of the twentieth or one and twentieth Pair of the Spinal Marrow which last seems to me most probable And so upon view very few small Nerves and perhaps but only one seem to run out to every Stone On the contrary Glisson however has lately written that he has seen several Nerves in the Stones contributing Matter to the Generation of Seed which great quantity of Nerves we could never observe in 'em but very few and those such as we could hardly get to reach beyond the whitish Tunicle For they are not conspicuous in the inner Substance of the Stones as well by reason of their extream Tenuity as through their whitish Colour tho' it is most certain that they give Animal Spirits to the blood that flows thither through the Arteries XXV But whether the Blood-bearing Vessels enter the Substance of the Stones it self or terminate in the whitish Tunicle is by some disputed Hippocrates seems to be or the first Opinion Lib. de Loc. in Hom. Lib. de Oss. Nat. where he writes that certain Veins do run to the Testicles Where by Veins he understands some of the blood-conveighing Vessels that is to say Veins and Arteries Others by reason that the Ingress of these Vessels is so obscure thought those Vessels did not enter the inner parts of the Stones they not appearing within the Stones but only disseminated through the white Tunicle But this Doubt will vanish if we look a little more narrowly into the Use and Formation of the Stones XXVI Their Use and Office is to make Seed and to that end they are compos'd of a peculiar Substance and innumerable Seminal Vessels wherein Seed is made But because Matter is requisite for the making of Seed hence Reason teaches us that of necessity there must be Blood-bearing Vessels and little Nerves inserted into those Seed-bearing Vessels for the supply and infusion of matter by degrees to be changed into Seed But some perhaps
contained a transparent Water clear as Crystal wherein I could observe neither any blood nor any thing else unless it were some very small little Lines hardly discernable which were without doubt the outside Lineaments of the Embryo The Woman that thus miscarried knew not that she had conceiv'd but being struck with a suddain and more than ordinary dread cast that Matter out of her womb without any pain and little straining XXXVIII About the same time I saw another very young Conception upon the Miscarriage of a Minister's Wife wherein I found in like manner one only Bubble very transparent and Crystalline about the bigness of a Filbird wherein there appear'd no little Lines either bloody white or of any other Colour To the exteriour Membrane of that wrapt about the Colliquation there stuck also very close as in the former a little fleshie and bloody Particle endammaged without side and as it were torn from the womb From this most tender little Mass I apparently observ'd certain Blood-bearing little Vessels to derive themselves and to spread themselves very numerously thorough the Chorion But in the inner part of the Amnion besides the seminal watry Colliquation upon which the Bubble swam I could not observe any thing bloody nor any small Vessels in the Substance of it These two Membranes were easily to be separated one from the other neither was there any Liquor contained between ' em XXXIX The Magnitude of these two Abortions the foregoing and this was about the bigness of a Hen-Egg and their Membranes contained more of the Colliquation than half an Egg-shell would hold which in regard it could not altogether with the Bubble proceed from the mans Seed of necessity the womans Seed must be mixed with it tho' the Bubble without all Question sprang solely out of the mans Seed XL. Taught by these two Experiments I am apt to believe that there is but only one Bubble in the Conception generally and seldome any more unless when more Births are to be form'd But tho' hitherto I never saw any more yet I am loth to contradict the Experience of Riolanus Carpus and Platerus or to doubt of the Truth of it And perhaps it may be my Chance to see more at another time XLI In the Formation of the Birth the more curious Question yet remains which Parts of the Body are form'd in the first place which in the second which in the third and which in the last Place Aristot. l. de Invent. Writes that the Heart of Creatures endued with Blood is the first generated which he observ'd in Eggs after the Hen had sate three Days and as many Nights as he asserts l. 6. de hist. Animal Ent is of Aristotle's Opinion believing the Heart first to be form'd and to be the efficient Cause of the forming the rest of the Parts The Seed says he emitted in Copulation into the Womb by the Male constitutes only the Heart in Conception for no part of the Creature consists of Seed besides the Heart And in another place he says That the Heart moves not only after the Birth is form'd but also from the Beginning and is the efficient not the material Cause of the Formation With Ent seems Regius to agree l. 4. Philos. Natur. Others believe the Brain others the Liver others that they are all three form'd together and afterwards the Guts the Spleen and Lungs And this is the Opinion of Galen l. 4. de Usu Partium which many follow The Humour says he that smears the inner Surface of the Womb is turn'd into a Membrane wherein the forming Spirit being every way enclosed puts forth its natural Motions procreating three Points answering to the three principal Parts which being swell'd and distended by the Violence of the Heat form their Bellies the Heart the Breast the Brain the Head the Liver the Abdomen Then the other Parts are delineated and form'd together and then by degrees flows the thin Blood to their Nourishment Others with Bauhinus believe the umbilical Vessels to be first produced as being chiefly and first of all necessary in respect of Nourishment Others affirm the Bones to be first form'd as being the Basis and necessary Foundation of the whole Body And thus one judges one way another another way of a thing so obscure But who I would fain know survey'd Nature at her work that he should be able to know all these things so exactly If the Embryo in forty days be no bigger than an Emmet how small must it be upon the thirtieth Day within which time nevertheless all the Delineations are perfect tho' not discernable to our Eyes Who in that small Body shall determine which Part is formed first which in the second and which in the last Place These are Mysteries which the sublime Creator thought fit to conceal from our Understanding so that if we make any farther Inquiry into 'em Galen will reprehend us If thou inqutrest says he over nicely how these things are made thou wilt be convinced that thou understand'st neither thy own Weakness nor the Omnipotency of the Workmaster XLII In the mean time if it be lawful in a Matter so obscure to make any Conjectures I believe that all the solid Parts are delineated and form'd together because they do not mutually depend one upon another but are all the immediate Works of Nature Moreover one cannot be or act without the other A Body cannot be without a more solid Foundation which is afterwards to be Bony The Heart cannot act without Veins and Arteries nor the Brain without Nerves nor the Stomach without Guts c. For there is no reason why one Part should be form'd before another In the foresaid Bubble the Matter is contain'd which is proper for the Generation of all the Parts which wants no farther Preparation and the Architectonic Spirit may equally delineate and form at the same time all the Parts out of the same matter And wherefore should it form the Heart as Ent would have it sooner than the other Parts To prepare Matter for the Generation of the rest That 's done already Certainly it cannot be said that the Heart generates and forms other Parts when it only prepares Matter for the Nourishment and Growth of the whole from which not their Generation proceeds but their greater Perfection being generated to perform their several Offices For if the Heart at the beginning should generate other Parts why does it not produce new Parts after the Birth of the Infant when it is stronger and operates more powerfully That it prepares Nourishment for all the Parts after the Child is born is confessed by all why should it not do the same at the beginning Shall it have any other Action assigned it at this than at another time But you will say the Heart is first of all conspicuous the rest of the Bowels and all the other Parts appear later and therefore is first form'd Now who can discern in
frequently wash'd with Water and the half congeal'd Serum being wash'd of which forms that conspicuous Net certain Channels hollow'd in the Fibrous and White Portion of the Blood appear which does not happen in the small Fibrous Folds above-mention'd though wash'd a long time but still new Folds and a brisker Whiteness appears From this accurate Observation of Malpigius is perfectly discover'd what is generated by the various Concoctions of the several Bowels out of the Salt Sulphur and Serum concurring to the Generation of the Blood and what little Bodies are found out of 'em of which rightly generated mix'd and united good Blood is made or deprav'd by a filthy or vicioâ—…s Fermentation XLV And thus we have finish'd the whole Discourse of the Blood only that some Differences of it remain to be consider'd 1. In respect of Quantity the Blood is either very plentiful or scarce And this Difference is consider'd not only among divers sorts of Animals of which some have more some less Blood but also among Men themselves among whom the Quantity of Blood is different according to the diversity of Age Sex Temperament Diet and Season of the Year c. 2. In respect of Quality the Blood is either good or bad hotter or colder moister or drier and that difference is consider'd according to the Varieties aforesaid 3. In respect of Consistency the Blood is either thick or thin congeal'd or fluid Spigelius observes That those People who have a hard and thick Skin breed a thicker sort of Blood that easily congeals on the other side where People have a soft thin Skin their Blood does not so soon thicken But Experience teaches us that the good or bad swift or slow Concretion of the Blood proceeds from the various Quality of the Blood So that it is moderately thick and congeals well in sound People on the other side in Dropsical Scorbutical Hypochondriacal and other People it is watery and hard to thicken 4. In respect of Colour the Blood is either red and well colour'd or pale yellow blackish or dy'd of some other bad Hue. 5. In respect of the Humors mix'd with it the Blood is either full of Choler Flegm Melancholy or Serum 6. In respect of the Containing Vessels the Blood is either Arterious or Veiny CHAP. XIII Of the Lungs and Respiration See Tab. 9 10. I. THE Lungs in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to Breath is a Bowel in the Middle Belly serving for Respiration for the Refrigeration of the Blood forc'd from the Left Ventricle of the Heart and the Expulsion of many Vapors II. It is of a remarkable Bigness so that being display'd and widen'd by the Breathing in of the Air it fills the greatest Part of the Cavity of the Breast III. Several Anatomists formerly ascrib'd to it though erroneously a fleshy Substance not unlike that of the Heart or Spleen but Malpigius an accurate Examiner of the Lungs finds its Substance to be quite different and by ocular Experience and Reasons has clearly demonstrated That the Lungs consist of a soft spungy loose and bladdery Parenchyma interwoven with slight and thin small Membranes continuous to the inner Tunicle of the rough Artery which Membranes being extended and arch'd form an infinite number of small orbicular and hollow Vesicles constituting the whole Substance of the Parenchyma so plac'd that there is a Passage open from the rough Artery out of one Part into the other and at length all terminate in the Cloathing or Containing Membrane These Vesicles in the Lungs of an Ox Sheep or other Animal newly pluck'd out and either cut or turn'd to the Light are conspicuous by the help of Microscopes and are observ'd to swell with Air especially about the outward Superficies though they are apparent enough in the inner parts upon blowing up of the Lungs and in every part dissected appear form'd out of a slight Membrane extended How these Cavities are dispos'd Malpigius declares in these Words After the little Lobes the Spaces are to be observ'd not every way bare Cavities and empty Spaces for they have many extended Membranes sometimes parallel sometimes angular which are propagated not only from the external Superficies of the Lobes laterally plac'd but also from the internal Substance of the Lobes Between these Membranes run forth several Vessels issuing out of the little Lobes which enter those that are opposite By these Membranes the Air is receiv'd and ejected as in the more spacious Hollownesses which have a mutual Communion together that the Air may be compress'd out of one Part into another so that the Spaces are the same Membranous Vesicles of the Lungs Diaphanous only and very Thin Therefore all the Vesicles are continuous with the inner Tunicle of the Aspera Arteria and Gristles of the Wind-pipe and hence there is an open passage out of the Aspera Arteria into the Bronchia or fistulous part of the Wind-pipe transmitting the Air that passes to and again But whether the Vesicles are so dispos'd that the Air may go in at one side and out at the other or whether it comes and goes through the same passages or whether there be some that reserve the Air for some time as we see in Frogs the Air may be reserv'd in the Lungs cannot be fully discern'd However that all the Air breath'd in is not presently breath'd forth again but remains for the greatest part in the Vessels and Winding-holes which are never found empty the Lungs of Dogs being open'd alive teach us in which after Expiration there still remains very much Air. Also the Lungs of People deceas'd wherein is contain'd very much Air which may be squeez'd out with the Finger Hence Hippocrates calls the Lungs the Habtation of Air and Galen the Venitricle wherein the Air inhabits This Air retain'd in the Lungs contributes to them an extraordinary Softness and Smoothness which is chiefly necessary lest the smallest Blood-bearing Vessels should be oppress'd with weight but that they may always remain passable and that the Air within the Right Ventricle of the Heart being attenuated into a subtile Vapour cannot so descend to the Left Ventricle out of the Lungs passing as it were through the Middle Region of the Air may be condens'd and so more quickly pass through the Pulmonary Vein to the Left Ventricle of the Heart IV. Now that the Substance of the Lungs is Bladdery Reason besides common Sight instructs us for many times round thick and stinking Spittle impostumous Matter little Bladders Worms little Stones and other preternatural things are generated in the Lungs Of which Accidents Bauschius has collected several Examples and we in our Practice have seen many strange Things spit out of the Lungs and found other things as strange in Persons dissected which certainly were not bred in the Blood-bearing Vessels nor in the fistulous part of the Pipe which would have caus'd a Suffocation violent Asthma and
Reason the Arteries are mov'd and swell though this small Motion is so obscur'd by the forcibly Breathing Motion that in live Lungs it can hardly be perceiv'd by Ocular Inspection And Aristotle is to be understood of this Motion Yet is not that the Breathing Motion of which the Anatomists generally discourse when they talk of the Motion of the Lungs which indeed neither proceed from the Heart nor the Lungs but is accidental and follows the Motion of the Breast Moreover If the breathing Motion should proceed from the Heart the Pulses of the Heart and Respiration would of necessity keep exact time together and the Lungs would equally swell upon every Pulsation of the Heart as in the Arteries and hence the Breast would be dilated and when the Motion of the Heart stood still the Lungs would also stand still Moreover the Inequality of Respiration would be a Sign of an unequal Pulse but Experience tells us the contrary For the Respirations are much less frequent than the Pulses of the Heart Moreover Respiration may be slower or quicker more or less according to the pleasure of him that breaths whereas the Pulse cannot be alter'd at the Will of any Person What has been said sufficiently refutes Maurocordatus who ascribing the whole Motion of the Lungs to the Heart says That when the Heart contracting the Sides causes a Systole then the Diaphragma is erected and the Rings of the Rough Artery are contracted and so the Lungs exspire or breathe outward But when the Heart causes the Diastole then the Diaphragma descending draws down the Lungs and dilates the Rings of it which causes breathing inward Which Opinion of his he endeavours to confirm with many Arguments which are destroy'd however by the aforesaid Reasons as is also that Argument That in an intermitting Pulse Respiration does not stop upon the intermitting of the Motion of the Heart which if the Mover stopp'd must of necessity stand still it self And as for what he from hence concludes That the Blood is drawn out of the Vena Cava by Respiration into the Right Ventricle to supply Respiration and from thence into the Pulmonary Artery c. These things need no Refutation since there is no such Attraction to be allow'd in their Bodyâ—… since all the Humors are mov'd by Impulsion XXXVII Therefore the Motion of Respiration depends neither upon the Heart nor the Muscles of the Breast which when they dilate the Heart presently the Air enters the Lungs through the Aspera Arteria and dilates them but when they contract the Breast they expel it the same way together with the Serous Vapors But whether we say this Entrance of the Air be either to avoid a Vacuum as some believe or by the pressing forward of the external Air by the dilated Breast and by that means the Impulsion of it through the Aspera Arteria into the Lungs as others assert comes all to one pass when both may be true about which some men so idly quarrel XXXVIII In reference to this Motion of Respiration there is a Question debated among the Philosophers what sort of Action it is For some say it is Natural others Animal others mix'd of both XXXIX But it is apparent by what has been said That Respiration is an Animal Action because it is performed by Instruments that all serve to Animal Motion that is to say the Muscles and may be quicken'd or delay'd augmented or decreas'd at our own Pleasure as in those that sing and sound any sort of Wind-Musick and there may be some resolute Men that have held their Breath till they have dy'd as Galen tells the Story of a Barbarian Slave that kill'd himself by holding his Breath And we find two other Examples in Valerius Maximus of the same Nature XL. If any one Object That a voluntary Act is done with ones Consent and cannot be perpetual and that all animal diuturnal Motion causes Lassitude which Respiration does not which moves continually Day and Night even when we are asleep and know nothing of it I answer That those are truly to be call'd Animal and Voluntary Actions which may be or are done according to our own Will and Pleasure so that although Respiration go forward when we are asleep and know nothing of it nevertheless it is an Animal Action when it may be guided by our own Will so soon as we are awake and know any thing of it They that walk and talk in their Sleep though they know nothing of it yet are talking and walking no less Animal Actions for all that For the Animality of Actions does not consist in Acting only but in being able to Act by the management and directions of the Will And therefore we are to understand that what Galen teaches us That the Animal Actions some are perform'd by Instinct and are free and that others serve ro the Affections of the Mind that the one proceeds perpetually and without impediment when we least think of it yet might be otherwise directed by us iâ—… we were aware of which number is Respiration Others are not perpetual as Fighting Running Dancing Writing c. In the one according to Custom there is a sufficient and continual Influx of Animal Spirits into the Muscles and for this reason there is no Lassitude though the Actions are diuturnal But in the other the Spirits according to the determination made in the Brain flow sometimes at this sometimes at that time sometimes in greater sometimes in less Quantity and thence proceeds Weariness XLI There is one Doubt remaining Whether a Man born may live for any time without Respiration Galen says it is impossible but that a man that breaths should live and that a living man should breathe And again he says Take away Respiration and take away Life And indeed all the Reasons already brought for the necessity of Respiration confirm Galen's Opinion and it is no more than what daily Experience confirms Yet on the other side it is a thing to be demonstrated by sundry Examples that some men have liv'd a long while without any Respiration XLII Those Divers in India who dive for Pearl and Corals to the Bottom of the deepest Rivers will stay for the most part half an hour and more under Water without taking Breath 2. A very stately Ship being built at Amsterdam for the King of France by Misfortune was sunk near the Texel into which the Spanish Ambassador having put aboard a Chest full of Gold he hir'd a Sea-man that was a Diver to go into the Ship as it lay under Water and to endeavour to get out this Chest. This Diver staid half an hour under Water and upon his Return said he had found the Chest but could not draw it out 3. I saw my self two notable Examples at Nimeghen In the Year 1636. a certain Country Fellow who dy'd of the Plague as 't was thought lay three days for dead without any sign of Respiration or
few of Sulphur being compar'd with the rest of the Bowels is moister and less hot and therefore its Temperament is concluded to be cold and moist though it have less Heat yet such a Heat as is manifest enough for that being every where sprinkl'd with Arterious blood it cannot but from thence partake of heat XVI It receives Blood for the nourishment and making of the Animal Spirits through the Arteries which are drawn from the Carotides and Arteries of the Neck Of which the latter being divided into several small Branches pour store of Blood into the Substance of the Cerebel the other into the Substance of the Brain it self both above and below which passes not only through those invisible Branches but also like Dew through the Pores of it of which innumerable small Drops upon dissection of the Substance appear starting out of its small Vessels and Pores As to these Arteries Franciscus de le Boe Sylvius observes that while they penetrate the thick Meninx they leave the other Tunicle and are scatter'd together with the thin Meninx through all the Windings and Turnings of the Brain accompany'd with very few Veins Thomas Willis moreover prosecuting their winding Ingress more diligently writes that being to enter on both sides the proper Channel hollow'd in the Wedg-like Bone for their better Defence they assume an additional Tunicle which after they have passed the Wedg-like Bone and coming to stay within the Cranium they again leave off and then near the sides of the Turkish Saddle with a winding Channel they creep forward till they come to the Head of the Turkish Saddle where again fetching another winding Compass they ascend directly and penetrating the Hard Mother they are carry'd toward the Brain before their entrance sending forth several little Branches woven artificially and wonderfully together forming a kind of Net in most four-footed Beasts to stop the too impetuous influx of Blood through those innumerable Windings and Turnings which influx because in Man that carries his Head upright it cannot be so impetuous therefore in Man this wonderful Net is but small and but little conspicuous XVII That the Blood is carry'd to the Brain through these Arteries is without doubt but the manner how it is done is much controverted by Anatomists For some believe that the little Arteries do enter the Substance of the Brain Others that they do not enter the Substance but only pour the Blood into its Pores The first Opinion is maintain'd by Fallopius Baukinus Spigelius Highmore and several others and among the rest of late by Willis and Wepfer and they endeavour to prove it partly from the little Drops of Blood which spout out of the dissected Substance of the Brain partly from the swelling of the Carotid Artery upon the putting in of a little Pipe and blowing into it by which means the Blood being forc'd inward dies the dissected Substance with innumerable little red Spots or else by the injection of Ink into the Substance of the Carotides by which means innumerable black Spots appear in the Substance it self of the Brain The Patrons of the latter Opinion prove that the Blood is pouâ—…'d into the Pores only of the Substance of the Brain and so is distributed through the whole Substance by the motion of the Brain because that never any Arteries could be seen or discern'd by the Eye in the Substance of the Brain besides that by reason of the softness of the Part the Arteries would be compress'd and clos'd up for the most part Which Aristotle also asserts when he writes That the Substance of the Brain contains neither Vein nor any Blood-bearing Vessel within it self and besides that it is not so firm that Arteries and Veins should be dispers'd through it as in other Parts of the Body But this difference may be easily reconcil'd upon the joyning of these two Opinions together and asserting that the Blood partly enters the brain together with the little Arteries and that partly being pour'd into the Pores it moves forward through the Substance of the Brain in the same manner as the blood in the Liver is thrust forward through the Veins and in the circulation of the blood passes through the Substance of the Parts For if the subtle Arteries should not penetrate the Substance of the brain a sufficient supply of blood could not be pour'd into it and again if the blood should not pass through the Pores of the Substance but that the innumerable little Spots of blood which are to be seen in the Dissection of the Substance should flow out of the small Vessel being wounded certainly Myriads of small Vessels must be contain'd in the Substance nay the whole Substance would seem to be woven and compacted together out of that sort of small Vessels which however seems less probable XVIII The remainder of the Blood which is infus'd through the said Arteries into the Brain and there concocted is empty'd into the Veins and Hollownesses of the Meninxes to be carry'd to the Branches of the Iugular Veins and thence to the Heart XIX As to these Blood bearing Vessels together with the Arterious and Veiny Vessels Willis has observ'd that while they ascend upwards to the Brain they are various and in several places close meet together about the thick and thin Meninx not only Arteries with Veins but Arteries with Arteries that is to say the Carotides of the one side with the Carotides of the other moreover the Vertebrals of both sides one with another as also with the hinder Branches of the Carotides and that the mutual Closures of the Carotides are about the Basis of the Skull under the hard Meninx and between it To the knowledge of which Closures and as it were mutual Kissings of each other he attain'd by this Experiment As often says he as I injected any Liquor dy'd with Ink into either of the Carotides presently the Branches of each side and the chief Disseminations of the Vertebral Arteries were colour'd with the same Tincture Moreover if the same injection were repeated several times through the same Passage the Vessels creeping through every Angle and Corner of the Brain and Cerebel will be dy'd with the same Colour And in those Parts which are overspread with that miraculous Net the Tincture injected of one side will penetrate the Net-resembling Folds in both sides Whence it is apparent that there is a Communication between all the Vessels that water the whole Brain At length he adds That several small Kernels are interspac'd between the diminutive Nets of the Vessels kissing each other easily discern'd in a moist and hydropic brain though in others hardly to be discern'd XX. The Brain has no Nerves in its own Substance for in regard the Organ of Feeling is general and judges of all the Senses and Animal Motions it ought to be void of Sence and Animal Motion for being endu'd with one Sence or Motion it could not have rightly judg'd of
that the Marrow may be mov'd after the same manner as the brain That this may be certainly known first the Skull of a living Creature is to be open'd then the Vertebers must be laid open and the long extended Marrow to be laid bare that a Judgment may be made upon the inspection both of the Marrow and the Brain but before any true observation could be made the Creature would die and the inspection of a dead Carcass would signifie little And therefore Plempius upon probable Grounds believes that the Marrow or Pith is likewise mov'd because it is a kind of production from the brain which therefore should be mov'd with the brain to the end that the Animal Spirits being admitted by Dilatation may press them out again by its Contraction XXIV The necessity of the said Motion though accidental is chiefly necessary that while it is dilated it may receive the Arterious Blood out of the Arteries and by its falling again may be able to force the Animal Spirits made out of that Blood toward the Nerves and the remainder of the Blood to the Hollownesses and Veins of the Meninx neither of which Actions can be perform'd without that Motion XXV The Brain then as hath been said is the Organ wherein and by the help of which the Animal Faculties by the assistance of the Animal Spirits generated therein are made XXVI But in regard the Animal Faculties both feel desire and move there is a Question arises In what part of the Brain they every one inhabit Fernelius believes that the feeling Faculty resides in the Meninxes of the Brain because they feel and are not mov'd That the moving Faculty is seated in the Marrow of the brain because that is mov'd yet has no feeling Which opinion Plempius refutes and rightly informs us that both Faculties are generated and dwell in the Substance it self of the brain and are thence communicated to the rest of the Parts Then again as to the principal Faculties the Imagination and Memory the Controversie runs high whether they are in the whole Substance of the brain whether all in one part of it or all distinct in distinct places Aetius and some others that follow the Arabians affirm that they abide in distinct Seats and allow to the Fancy the forepart to the Reason the middlemost and to the Memory the hindmost part of the Head induc'd by these Reasons 1. Because it rarely happens that one Faculty being deprav'd the other remains sound 2. Because the fore-part of the Head receiving a Wound the Phansie is disturb'd and impair'd and the hinder part of the Head being hurt proves detrimental to the Memory Others affirm these Actions to be exercis'd in the whole brain and only differ in the manner of their operation and that the brain is variously employ'd about them Which opinion Sennertus and Plempius uphold by strong Reasons But Ludovicus Mercatus seems to unite both these opinions together For says he though all the Faculties are in the brain however we must believe that one Faculty is more predominant in this or that Cavity than another as the Spirits are more thin more perfect and more elaborate in this Cavity and the Temperature more proper for this or that operation But Experience acknowledges all these opinions to be very uncertain and that nothing can be positively determin'd either as to the Place where or the Manner how these operations are perform'd For there are many Examples produc'd by Massa Carpus Fallopius Arcaeus Augenius Andreas à Croce Peter de Marchetois and others of Patients who having been wounded in their Heads have had considerable portions of their brains which have either dropt or been taken out while the principal Faculties have remain'd safe and sound which seems not very possible if these operations are perform'd in the whole Brain or any part of it seeing that the operating Organ being grievously wounded and some part of it taken away surely those most Noble Actionâ—…s must be very much impair'd I produce an Example a little lower of a certain young Person who had a large Impostume that grew in his Brain and penetrated to the upper Ventricles who nevertheless liv'd for 7 weeks together in perfect soundness of his Senses Another remarkable Example I met with Ian. 1670. in a young Girl upon whose Head by Misfortune had fallen a Stone that weigh'd near thirty Pound weight and broke all the right side of her Head with a Fracture of the Skull and Forehead about the Coronal Suture and the Brain wounded and much endamaged withal Which Brain two days after the taking out of fourteen pieces of broken Bones without any covering of the Meâ—…inxes began to shoot upward from the broad Wound and that by degrees to such a height that it came out without the Skull first as big as a Pigeon's next as big as a Hen's and lastly as big as a Goose Egg which protubeâ—…ant part being cut away with a filthy Stench another like it shot up again and so several putrify'd parts fell off of themselves so that during the Cure the quantity of the putrid Brain that was separated from the rest amounted to the bigness of a Man's Fist in which condition the Patient liv'd six and thirty days with a perfect soundness of Mind and Memory and all the Animal Actions performing their Duties though she were in that time taken with three Convulsion Fits and a Hickup After she was dead the Skull being taken off we found a large hollowness in the right side of her Brain by reason of the waâ—…e of so much of her putrify'd Brain which extended it self all along the upper Ventricle of the same side and side-ways passing the third or middle Ventricle as far as the Sphoenoides Bone This memorable Accident shews us how uncertain all things are which are conjectur'd concerning the Seats of the Faculties either distinct or ascrib'd to the whole Brain seeing that in this Maid all the operations of Life and Intellectuals remain'd in their full force and no way impeded by that putrefaction of the Brain which was empty'd out of her Skull But this may seem little if compar'd with what Theodore Kerckringius relates of a total deficiency of the Brain for he writes that he dissected a Boy that had lain five Months and a half sick oâ—… a Dropsie in his Head in whose Skull he found no Brain but only a little slimy Water which was a thing never before as he says taken notice oâ—… by any Anatomist Though many years before him Zacutus Lusitanus tells us of a â—…ad that was cur'd of a Wound in his Head and three years after dy'd of a Dropsie in his Head which being open'd there was nothing to be found but only a pure Water that was no way offensive to the Smell nor insipid to the Taste Something like this Costerâ—…s relates of a Boy born without a Brain which Boy Fontanus and Carpus assâ—…e us that they saw the 26th of
and are assimilated into their Substance whereas the rest are separated from them and forc'd farther As in other things also we find those things mix most easily which have most Affinity Thus if Oil and Water be mix'd together and one end of a long woollen Cloth dipp'd in Water be put into the said Mixture the other end hanging forth without the Pot all the Water in the Pot will drip out of the Pot all the length of the Cloth but the Oil will remain in the Pot. Which Affinity our new modern Philosophy not without reason attributes to the agreement of the small Particles and the Pores As for example if the smallest Particles to be receiv'd be round and the receiving Pores be round then are those easily receiv'd by these because of their Affinity Also if the Pores and Particles are triangular or any other way alike agreeable but if the Pores are round but the Particles to be receiv'd triangular or quadrangular then would the one with difficulty receive the other nor would there be any Affinity And thus it is in the Brain for the Salt or Saltish Particles of the blood by reason of the Affinity of the Substance and the conveniency of the Pores are easily suck'd in by the Kernels of the Cortex and therein are separated from the rest as it were by a fermentaceous Motion and being separated are easily imbib'd by the little Fibers of the Pithy Substance of which this Substance is chiefly constituted and are more subtiliz'd but the sulphureous not so easily And therefore only a very small and thin part of the sulphury Particles having the least Oyliness is mix'd with the Animal Spirits but the rest together with the serous Particles partly goes into Excrement which is then collected in the hollownesses of the Ventricles or is dissipated in Vapour through the Pores partly together with the remaining blood being thrust forward to the extream parts of the Brain is there suck'd up by the Orifices of the smallest Veins and so circulated farther However this is to be observ'd by the way that in that same passage not all the salt Particles are separated in the Kernels of the Cortex and imbib'd by the Brain for so there would happen a dissolution of the Composition of the blood but only the more fluid and volatile but that the thicker remain mix'd with the blood and are circulated with it in the same manner as in the Kidneys not the whole Serum is separated from the Mass of the blood only the thinner part which has most affinity with the Pores of the Kidney-Kernels the rest continues mix'd with the blood and is carry'd with it to the hollow Vein IX By what has been said we understand how the salt Particles of the Blood are separated in the Brain from the sulphury and serous But because their most subtil and most volatile parts only are proper for the generation of Animal Spirits the other thicker Particles serving partly to the nourishment of the Brain partly going into Exerement now we are to see how the separation of the most spirituous and volatile Particles from the thicker is perform'd This is done after the same manner as happens in distillation of Wine when the Orifice of the Alembic is exactly clos'd with a large Sponge For the Chymists to the end they may extract and separate more powerful Spirits or more clarify'd and purg'd from its Flegm out of the Wine which is to be distill'd put a Sponge to the Alembic for so thro' the intricate passages of the Sponge the Spirits only are wheel'd and contorted while the more impure and thicker are not able to pass through and so those Parts which are not cleans'd from their Dregs but are very watery are separated and set aside while the more subtil Spirits go forth and through the Beak of the Alembic fall into the Receptacle In like manner in the Cortex of the Brain the separated salt volatile Parts of the blood are suck'd up by the diminutive Fibers which are endow'd with most obscure narrow Cavities Through which narrow Passages while those Spirits are wriggl'd and contorted whatever are lesser purify'd and thicker and more and more cast away and thrown off as the other are exalted into an incorporeal tenuity and flow into the Pith as into the next Beak of the Alembic and thence into the Nerves as being the lesser Beaks deriv'd from the greatest while in the mean time the thicker Salt less volatile Particles of the blood serve for the nourishment of the Bowel it self but the rest which are yet more fix'd remaining in the mixture of the sanguineous Mass flow back to the blood-bearing Vessels through the wider Pores and are sent back for Circulation Now this expulsion of the Spirits out of the small pory Fibers of the Brain and Pith to the Nerves is forc'd by one and the same Cause that is to say the alternate falling of the Brain after dilatation by which as by a certain compression the Spirits and Humors which are in the Brain are excited to flow forth And thus by the Cortex of the Brain and the Medullary Substance the Salt is separated from the Sulphury and Seroâ—…s the pure from the impure the subtil from the thick and that Subtility by the proper force already demonstrated of the said Substance proceeding from the volatil Salt which abounds in it is exalted to the height of volatility And hence also flowing out of the Substance and little Fibers of the Brain and Pith it ought not to be contain'd in loose Vessels hollow'd like a Pipe for out of such it would easily fly away but in such firm and more solid Receptacles or Channels in which there are the smallest and most invisible Pores and such Channels are the Nerves as through which they may pass freely to their height of volatility and tenuity X. However we are to take notice that although the Animal Spirits are made after this manner out of the said Matter nevertheless they are not exalted to an equal degree of Volatility in all men For in some they are thinner and more active in others thicker and of a slower Motion according to the vulgar Phrase either purer or impurer because the salt particles of the blood out of which they are generated are in some more in others less visible And the Brain it self in some is impregnated with a more copious in others with a lesser quantity of volatil Spirit and being hotter in some volatizes the Spirits more being colder in others thickens and fixes them more And therefore in Melancholy Spirits and such as continually feed upon thick hard salt and raw Food and whose Concoctions are for that reason worse thicker and less spirituous Humors are generated and among the rest the salt ones are less volatiliz'd whence the Animal Spirits are thicker and less active as in Country people and poor people and such as inhabit the cold polar Regions and use such a sort
judgment of colours must be made in the Brain by the Eye of necessity those parts of it that receive and transmit the Raâ—…s of things colour'd must be void of all colour XII The Watry Humor thin pellucid void of all colour moderately copious and fluid washes the foremost space between the Corneous Tunicle and the seat of the Chrystaline Humor having no proper Tunicle belonging to it but is comprehended between the Horny and Grape-like Tunicle before the Apple of the Eye By some this Humor is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Albugoneius though irroneously there being no resembance between the White of an Egg and this Humor nor any such Viscosity but a thin and fluid Liquor XIII Here arises a doubt whether it possess the forepart of the Eye and be only placed against the Chrystaline humor or whether it be spread about the Vitreous humor Riolanus believes it not only to be contained in the forepart but to be spread about the Vitreous humor because that if the Corney and Uveous Tunicle be open'd in the hinder part there will flow forth a watry humor through the wound Plempius reproves Riolanus and says he has found the contrary by experience as having perforated the hinder part of the ball of the Eye with a Needle and yet no watry Humor issu'd forth And thence concludes that it was the vitreous Humors which Riolanus saw distilling forth by reason of some prick in the vitrious Tunicle But it may be reply'd to Plempius that that Experience little makes for the proof of his Opinion for that upon the drawing forth of the Needle most certain it is that the little hole made in the corneous Tunicle will suck it self to a closure so suddainly that no Liquor can issue forth as we find in the couching of Cataracts for that the Needle being drawn out again no water distills from that small wound by reason the wound presently sucks it self close again But if we examin this difference more exactly we shall find that the watry Humor contained about the Apple of the Eye is different from that which flows from the hinder part of the sight and that this is not only the thinner but also is contain'd and fix'd before the sight not running any farther toward the hinder parts of the Eye but that the hindermost Liquor is clammy and thicker than the other and that it is nothing else but a certain watry Juice separated from the Vitreous Humor the proper Vitreous Tunicle being hurt and grown thin for want of Spirits or admission of the colder Air for if you hold the Vitreous Humor in your Hand in the Air never so short a while a kind of a clammy Liquor will distil from it in â—…low drops XIV Some question whether this Humor be a part of the Body as Laurentius and Mercatus and they that accompt Blood to be a part of the Body These Casserius and Plempius oppose and that not without reason for that not being circumscribed within its own Limits nor united in continuity to the Body but many times in Wounds of the Eyes being wholly lost is restored again therefore it seems not proper to be reckoned among the animated Parts Now that it is restored when lost appears cut of Galen who relates the Example of a Boy who was so prickt in the Sight of the Eye with a Pen-knife that all the Watry Humor was let out of his Eye Nevertheless in a short time after so soon as the Watry Humor was again recruited and collected together the Boy recovered his Sight and Hildan also relates two more Examples of the same Nature XV. This difficulty others observing rather choose to assert that it was an Excrement of the Crystallan Humor for which reason it came to pass that being evacuated and lost it was frequently restored again But this Argument convinces them that all Excrements of the Body daily increase anew and therefore of necessity they must have ways and means by which they be again evacuated whereas there are no ways for the Evacuation of this Humor If therefore this Humor being evacuated could be regenerated in a very short space there ought to be manifest Passages allowed through which the redundancy of it may be again evacuated for they say that being evacuated by the pricking of the Eye in a Chicken it will renew again within the space of fifteen days But no Man ever found out those Passages in the Horny Tunicle nor ever can find them out if there be none therefore this Humor by its continual increase must distend the Eye to an immense proportion at least in aged Persons it must of necessity be very copious by reason of the Collection of many years but in Infants very little would be found whereas Experience tells us quite the contrary in both Therefore we must conclude that this Humor is no part of the Body not so much as an Excrement but a certain Liquor ordain'd for the Perfection of the Sight no less than the Blood for Nourishment and generated out of the most lympid Particles of the Blood and that as the Blood is no part of the Body not so much as an Excrement but a Humor necessary for Nourishment and the support of Life so the watry Humor of the Eye is neither an enliven'd Part of the Body nor any Excrement but a Liquor to maintain the Eye and perhaps ordain'd for the Nourishment of the Crystalline and Vitreous Humor XVI The use of this Humor is to water and make slippery and perhaps to nourish the other two thicker Humors together with the Uvious and Net-like Tunicle and to distend the horny Tunicle to prevent its growing wrinkel'd and opacous to darken the too much Splendor of the Light and dilate the visible Rays But if it recede from its Purity and become thicker then the Sight of the Eye becomes dull If there be any thicker Particles that swim within it then Gnats Flys Straws Spiders Webbs and the like seem to pester the Sight and to hang always before the Eyes If those thicker Particles so meet and stick together as to generate a Film that covers the Hole of the Apple of the Eye then the Sight is lost by reason that the Entrance of the visible Rays into the Chrystalline Humor is prevented The beginning of which Defect is by the Greeks call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Suffusio and when it is come to a Head Cataracta XVII The Vitreous Humor like melted Glass much more fluid than the watry Humor and much softer than the Chrystalline and in quantity exceeding the Watry three times the Chrystalline four or five times possesses the whole hinder Part of the Eye In the hinder part where it joyns to the Net-form'd Tunicle it is round in the former part though plain and flat yet somewhat hollow in the middle where it receives the Chrystalline Humor It is surrounded with a most thin pellucid Tunicle call'd
distils from several small Kernels seated within the Membrane through some such little Vessels or the Pores of the surrounding Membrane Through the closing of which Pores the Salival Liquor being detained within the Membrane many times little Swellings arise without Pain Sometimes in the inside of the Cheeks sometimes in the Palate of the Mouth which either break of themselves with much Spitting or else are opened with a Chyrurgions Instrument XXVIII Des Cartes seems to have been ignorant of these Vessels and therefore deduces the Original of Spitle from the Stomach and says that certain Particles of Arterious Blood fall into the Stomach and Guts where they do the Office of Aqua-fortis in assiâ—…ting the Concoction of the Nourishment from which because they are very hot certain Vapors ascending through the Gullet into the Mouth thicken there into Spittle But in regard that the Salival Juice manifestly descends from the Head and Kernels and whereas in a great Heat of the Body hot Blood flows to the Stomach and intestines in greater quantity and yet the Mouth is not for all that the more moistned when dry and parch'd up when at that time the greater quantity of Vapors ascending to the Mouth should cause the more moisture in the Mouth whereas also whatever ascends from the Stomach causes rather Puking and Vomiting which never happen in the increase of Spittle and lastly seeing that in cold and flegmatic Persons in whom the Arterious Blood is colder and flows in less quantity to all the Parts and consequently into the Stomach which is the reason that fewer Vapors ascend from the Stomach to the Mouth and yet such Persons abound in Spittle all these things fully demonstrate that the Opinion of Des Cartes touching Spittle is but a Fiction XXIX It remains therefore unquestionable that the Salival Liquor does not ascend through the Oesophagus but is discharg'd into the Mouth through the aforesaid Salival Vessels But in regard the Liquor of those Vessels is carry'd in a very great quantity to the Mouth the Question is out of what Vessel that Moisture is separated and carry'd to the said Kernels of the Parotides and small Kernels from thence to be discharged through the Salival Vessels into the Mouth Wharton asserts that it flows out of the Nerves But in regard they are not hollow enough to give Passage to so great a quantity oâ—… Liquor this Opinion cannot be true Some would bring it from the Chylebearing-Vessels But in regard those Vessels do not run out so far and because that the Chylus were it carried thither might be concocted to a greater Perfection but not be chang'd into another less nourishing or more fermentaceous Humor this Opinion also stands upon no â—…ottom Deusingius believes it is discharg'd out of the Lymphatic Vessels and so comes into the Mouth Which Opinion though something more probable but because the Lymphatic Vessels do not pour their Juice into the Kernels but draw it from thence to be carry'd to other Parts neither can this Opinion be true Besides there is no question but that the Lymâ—…ha and the Spittle though they differ in thickness have the same Original both from the Blood and therefore seeing this Liquor cannot be separated from the veiny Blood as 〈◊〉 that which flows from the Kernels and other Parts it remains that it must be separated from the Arterious Blood for that the Arteries as they pour forth nourishing Blood into all the Parts so likewise into the Kernels the more saltish Salival Part of which apt for the Nourishment of the Kernels through the mixture of the Animal Spirits flowing through the little Nerves is separated from the rest of the Particles and in them is concocted somewhat after a specifical manner and farther prepar'd and the Overplus of their Nourishment having obtain'd a kind of slight sowrish Quality in the Glandules flows through the Salival Vessels into the Mouth And indeed you may discern certain Arteries in these Kernels gaping into the Kernels with small diminutive Holes and through those discharging a serous Liquor into the Glandules And this Opinion is confirm'd by great Salivations whether spontaneous or provok'd at what time such a vast quantity of Spittle is discharg'd which could never be supplied by the Nerves or any other Vessels but the Arteries XXX Now then Spittle is a Liquor slightly Fermentaceous Serous and Lympid separated from the Arterious Blood in the Parotides and various Kernels and glandulous Caruncles and discharged into the Mouth through the Salival Vessels and other Salival Passages XXXI Concerning the Qualities of Spittle we find but little written by others which nevertheless if diligently considered sufficiently demonstrate that it is not a simple Body but compounded and slippery less fluid than Water but thicker and more viscous It derives not its Forthines from its self but from the Air and Tongue In sound People it has neither Savour nor Taste of it self which in sick People it sometimes acquires from the bad Temper of the Humors it self or the mixture of other ill Humors and sometimes from the Savor and Taste of the Nourishment received XXXII It would be a difficult thing to give an exact Accompt of its Composition which is very wonderful For it is easily mix'd with all sorts of Nourishment dry moist oyly salt sulphury c. For it mixes with all things received into the Mouth And when out of our Bodies it will mix with Quick-silver whereas other more simple Heterogeneous Humors Water Spirits Oyls Salts and other mixed Humors will not associate which Salt will do and not only mix with but unite them all together So that it seems to be the universal Internal Menstruum by means of which all things receiv'd into the Mouth are united together and descend with it to the Stomach to promote a more exact dissolution of the swallowed Substances Whence Francis de le Boe Sylvius conjectures that it contains in it self much Water somewhat of volatil Spirit least of Laxivious Salt with a very small quantity of Oyl and Acid Spirit mixed and tempered one with another XXXIII As to its Use it is manifold and very remarkable 1. Being mixed with the Meat chewed in the Mouth by its slippâ—…riness it facilitates Swallowing which can hardly be done without it as is apparent in dry Fevers and other Accidents that cause Drought 2. It draws from the drier sorts of Meat a sapid Salt which could never be drawn forth without moisture 3. It quenches Thirst which is the reason that they who spit much are seldom adry 4. It renders slippery the inner parts of the Mouth the Chaps the Organs of Speech and the Gullet 5. In the Stomach it promotes the Fermentation of the Nourishment receiv'd nay it is their primary Ferment containing all things in it self to perfect that Fermentation that is to say some slight Acidity tempered with a volatil Spirit in a great quantity of Water Which fermenting power appears
ever were observ'd to distinguish Savors I see not how this Opinion can be defended XLIII The last things to be considered are the nervous little Paps into which several small Branches of Nerves rising out of the Substance of the Tongue it self are inserted and covered with a thin Porous Film and being endued with a peculiar Substance I believe the Sence of Taste to be brought to Perfection by the help of the foresaid porous Pellicle or slimy fleshy Crust environing them like a Net and absolutely affirm it to be true 1. Because in what part of the Tongue these little nervous fleshy Bags are most numerous as at the Tip in the Sides and upon the Superficies there the Sence of Tasting is most swift most acute and most exact where they appear less numerous the Sence of Tasting is more dull and where there are none at all as underneath between the Tip and the Bridle there is no Taste at all 2. Because in those parts of the Palate where those Fleshbaggs lye hid under the thick Membrane the Taste has its Operation Which is easily made out laying a little Aloes or Salt now to one now to another part of the Tongue by which you shall easily discern the Difference of the Taste in one place more quick in another duller in another no Taste at all according as the Places are more or less furnished with Flesh-bags or want them all together Besides if we more diligently inspect the Substance of the Flesh-bags it self we shall find in it something absolutely specific which we may admire but never be able to explain XLIV Nor are we less unable to unfold by what means the Perception and Distinction of Savors is perform'd by those little nervous Flesh-Bags then how their Sight or Hearing are caused by their particular Organs But then another Question arises how it comes to pass that one and the same Taste for Example Sweet or Bitter always offers it self in the same manner This happens because the Tastable Salt strikes into the Pores of the little Fibers of those small Flesh-bags with its Particles constituted after the same manner and in the same form which Impulse by means of the Nerves is presently communicated to the Mind So that as long as those Particles of Salt have the same Proportion of Measure to the little Pores of the small Flesh-bags they communicate the same Savors But if the Constitution of the Particles of Salt be alter'd by the Mixture of some sulphury or other Humor so that the Particles which before were stiff hard and pointed become flexible soft or round then the little Flesh-bags and Nerves come to be otherwise affected whence the Alteration of the Relish and another perception of the Taste Now the Agitation and Motion of the Tongue is that which chiefly strikes the Gustable Bodies into the little Flesh-bags by which Motion being forced into the Flesh-bags they alter them after a Specific manner and imprint the Species of the Relish into them with their sharp Points and slender Asperities to be communicated to the Mind by means of the Nerves Which Species sometimes fixes within them when the said Bodies being more violently forced into them and by reason of the unequal Proportion of the Particles of Salt to the figure of the Pores cannot be got out or washed away by the Spittle XLV As to the great Disputes what Savor is and wherein it consists Aristotle affirms it to be nothing else but a certain Quality in determin'd Compounds arising from the Mixture of the Elements but what that Savory Quality is he leaves in the Dark In another place he believes it to be something arising from Water and Earth being mixt together the Heat of Fire concurring For though Water be of it self insipid yet it is capable to receive any Relish and so as the Fire variously acts upon that and the Water the diversity of Savors arises But in regard that Fire contributes to Water only Heat Attenuation and Discussion and Driness and Hardness to the Earth this Opinion must fall to the Ground Nor does Galen determine any thing certain concerning this Matter when he says that Savor is a Water intermixed with some dry Body by the Operation of Heat In which Sence Alstedius will have it to be a Mixture of the Watry Humid with the dry Terrestrial Others alledg that the Stupid quality is the certain Figure Magnitude and Motion of the smallest Particles But seeing they never explain in what things that Figure Magnitude and Motion ought to be considered and how Savor proceeds from them they leave the Matter as obscure as they found it XLVI Now therefore to deliver our own thoughts 't is our Opinion that Savour is not any Specific flowing out of any things but a certain Specific suffering imprinted by the Asperities of certain things into the Organs of Taste the Perception and Iudgment of which suffering is the Taste XLVII Now we believe that the foresaid Asperities and their diversities are to be fetch'd from the Principles of the things themselves as Salt Sulphur Mercury c. concerning which See l. 2. c. 12. XLVIII The Asperities causing Savor consist in Salt which as it is variously mix'd concocted and united with Sulphur or Mercury the Asperities are greater or lesser more pointed stiff hard pricking or more flexible soft or smooth which diversity begets the manifold variety of Savors as the suffering of the Tongue according to the Asperities of the Salt becomes pleasing or ungrateful Which is the Opinion of Fracassarus in these Words Let us concluâ—…e says he that savors owe their effects to the Figures which are only taken from the corporeal Principles which in mixt things is chiefly the Salt it self and from the observ'd figures in Salts we collect this that Salt is the Figurative Principle of Savor XLIX The differences of Savors from the various figures of salt Atoms Gassendus endeavours thus to demonstrate By which it comes to pass says he that he will not incongruously determine the matter that round Atoms of a just proportion cause a sweet Savor the great Figure produces sowre those of many Angles not orbicular sharp acute conic bow'd not thin nor round pricking thin and orbicular with corners and bow'd biting with corners bow'd unequal in their sides salt round smooth writh'd equal in their sides bitter thin round and small fat L. Now that Savor proceeds only from Salt is apparent by Chimistry For if Carduus Benedictus which is bitter be burnt to Ashes and a Salt extracted out of them those Ashes will be altogether insipid but restore their Salt to them and they will recover their Savor but not the bitter Savor which the Carduus had before it was burnt because the Sulphury particles were consum'd by the fire and thence the Asperities of the Salt were alter'd LI. If any one ask me if Savor be caus'd by Salt whence comes the insipidness of
lost its Spirituosity and is become useless for Nourishment is conveighed back to the Heart to be new concocted and restored to its first Purity Nor in respect of Distribution seeing the Blood is not distributed to the Parts through the Veins or by any of their Productions but rather taken away from the Parts to be carried back to the Heart whence it is apparent that the Veins arise from no Part. With much more Reason they might be derived from the Substance of the Parts from whence they seem to rise with little Roots and grow into a Stalk such as the Vena Cava like a Tree whose Root receives the Juice of the Earth and conveighs it to the Trunk as the Veins receive the Blood from the Parts themselves and from the Arteries therein contain'd But this is easily disproved by what has been said before so that we must conclude the Veins to be Parts subsisting of themselves formed with other Spermaticks out of the Seed As to any farther Enquiry Hippocrates said well The Veins diffused through the Body and many springing from one but whence that one derives its self or where it terminates I do not know for the Circle being made there is no end to be found In the mean time as the Rivolets which are the first Receptacles of the Water flowing from Springs and Mountains do not derive their beginning from the Channel of the River So the small Veins cannot be said to rise from the great ones or the Bowels thereto annexed but are the first Springs that suck in the Blood and carry it to the larger Vessels otherwise than in the Nerves and Arteries wherein there is a Progress of the Blood and Spirits from the primary Bowels to the larger Vessels and from them to the lesser and consequently the primary and larger Vessels are first to be described But in the Description of the Veins we must begin with the Capillaries which are the least to the end we may understand more easily how from whence and whither the Blood is conveighed Which is the reason we make use of this Method quite contrary to what has hither been observed in the beginning with the Springs and Fountains and smallest Roots of the Veins As to the Umbilical Vein see l. 1. c. 32. Concerning the Pulmonary we have sufficiently discoursed l. 2. c. 9. and 13. Here therefore we shall only treat of the Porta and Cava and the lesser Rivolets that discharge themselves into them CHAP. II. Of the Vena Porta and the Veins united to it I. THE Vena Porta enters the Hollow Part of the Liver between the two Eminences which Hippocrates calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Gates with a broad but short Trunk seated under the Duodenum II. The beginning of this Vein is by some derived from the Liver by others from the Mesentery But the Doubt is easily resolved by saying that it takes its Rise from the Intestines and the Mesentery both For that from those Parts through its Roots it receives the Blood remaining after Nourishment and conveighs it to the Liver being poured forth into its Trunk through its Ramification expanded into the Liver to the end it may be therein converted into bilous Ferment as in l. 1. c. 14. But to prevent the Blood from slipping back from whence it came it has many Valves both in the Roots and little Branches none in the Trunk to withstand the force of the retiring Blood Into this Vena Porta several lesser Veins discharge the Blood as into a Channel thence to be carried to the Liver into which it is inserted in with an extraordinary Ramification But how those little Branches are intermixed in the Liver with the Roots of the Vena Cava and Porus Bilarus has been already said in the forementioned place These following Veins enter into the Vena Porta III. 1. The Umbilical Vein proceeding from the Navel and uterine Cheeskake IV. 2. The Suspensory Vein observed by Fallopius and Eustachius which descends from the Septum to the Porta V. 3. The double Cystics which are two small Veins running forth from the bilary Bladder to the left part of the Porta VI. 4. The Right-hand Gastric which proceeding from the hinder part of the Ventricle and Pylorus from the Right-hand enters the Trunk of the Porta somewhat lower than the Cystic VII 5. The Branch or Splenic Channel which being very large and supported by the membranous Body of the Caul is carried from the Spleen transverse to the Vena Porta and opens its self into its Trunk in the higher and left Part. VIII 6. The Mesenteric Vein which is larger than the former and proceeds from the Mesentery to the lower and right Part of the Porta But because that by the means of these two larger Veins the Splenic and the Mesenteric the Blood of many Parts seated in the lower Belly is carried to the Porta we must enquire what lesser Veins and whence they come to these greater Many Veins terminate in the Splenic Channel some at its double beginning above and below where it first issues out of the Spleen others after the beginning unite into one Channel Into the lower beginning these Veins open themselves IX 1. An innumerable Number of diminutive Veins dispiersed through the Spleen and at length unites into one Trunk continuous with the Splenic Branch to which it gives its Name X. 2. The Left Epiplois which crawls from the Interior Membrane of the Caul with a double Sprig Yet Vesalius and Bauhinus tells us that this is not always to be found XI 3. The Left Gastro-epiplois which is sufficiently remarkable starting from the left Part of the bottom of the Ventricle together with the Branches ascending from the upper Membrane of the Caul proceeds thither XII Into the upper beginning of the Splenic Channel sometimes two sometimes three sometimes more short Branches descend from the Stomach frequently one which they call the Short Veiny Vessel which is many times as big as a Goos-quil After these two beginnings are united the Trunk of the Splenic Channel is formed into which they descend at the upper Part. XIII 1. The lesser Gastric from the hinder gibbous Part of the Ventricle XIV 2. The larger Gastric into which several Branches are united from the larger Part of the whole Ventricle and the upper Part of the Orifice it self wherein is constituted the Stomachic Coronary and sometimes from the lower Part. XV. At the lower Part enter the Dexter Epiplois which is lesser from the lower Membrane of the Caul and the place annexed to it and the Postic Epiplois which is the bigger also the Sweet-bread Vein from the Pancreas carried between both the Epiplois's XVI Several lesser Veins enter the Meseraic which exceeds the Splenic Channel in bigness and those either at its double beginning or at the Right or Left Mesenteric or into the Trunk of it In the
after the seizing of the Fever and with ease to the Patient whereas the Spots in Pestilential Fevers that appear about the seventh day are Symtomatical for the most Part and render the Patient worse 3. That the Fever-spots appear first like the Bitings of Fleas but the Spots of the Small Poxs and Measles have not the least resemblance to Flea-bites CHAP. II. Of the Small Pox in Specie THE Small Pox are little Wheals full of Matter breaking forth in the upper Part of the Skin and conspicuous seldom seizing the inner Parts accompany'd with a continual Fever and proceeding from a Peculiar Malignant Fermentaceous Effervescency of Humors They are most common to Children Young men have them not so often and Old men are seldom troubled with them They subsist for the most Part in the Skin only and break forth upon the Jaws and Nostrils Nature thrusting forth the Malignant Humor from the Center to the Periphery In which Operation if she be hindered or hesitate either by reason of her own weakness either through the abundance of the Morbific Matter or the insufficient or two slow Progress of the Specific Fermentation then not only the Gullet Stomac Liver Lungs Spleen Womb and other internal â—…wels are beset with filthy little Ulcers like the Skin as we have seen in several dead Bodies after Dissection and appears by the Writings and Testimonies of Paraeus Fernelius and many others In the mean time as to the Skin we are to take Notice by the way that although the Wheals are dispeirs'd up and down in several Parts of it yet they do not break forth in all places equal in quantity for that many times they are more abounding and bigger in the Face Hands and Feet then in other Parts The Reason of which effect Lazarus Riverius ascribes very plausibly to the Liver by whose more fiery temper occasioned by this malignant ebullition he believes the corrupted and putrid Humors are driven with greater violence to these Parts which he calls the Emunctories of the Liver than to any other Parts In the same manner as they who have a hot Liver are us'd to be troubled with red and pimpled Faces and feel a glowing heat in the Soles of their Feet and the Palms of their Hands Mercurialis brings other Reasons for this Effect but much farther fetch'd lib. de Morb. puer But the foresaid Reason of Riverius seems to be very probable Nevertheless we are to understand that sometimes it may happen that the Pox may be thought to come out in greater abundance in those Parts then in others by mistake as not being really so but because in those Parts they are continually in view and more troublesome then in other Parts No Age can be assured to scape them but Children are more frequently troubled with them then People of riper Years Because her weaker Constitutions are less able to resist the Specific malignant Matter and seems more apt to that peculiar Ebullition which happens in that Disease Old Age challenges a greater immunity from them then other Ages Moreover those Bodies are more easily infected which have any Analogy with the Bodies which are infected and therefore Kindred more easily infect one another which we have already observed in our Book de Peste They are very rife all Seasons of the Year but more especially in Spring and Autumn chiefly if the preceding Winter was warm and moist or the Summer rainy and the Wind Southerly attended with plenty of early Fruit. Sometimes the Disease dispeirses it self sometimes it is Epidemic and sometimes it ceases for a time But when it is Epidemical then it happens to be accompanied with other Distempers in such as never had the Small Pox before They arise from the thicker or more viscous Matter to which that Malignity adheres with the Blood fermenting after a Specifâ—…c Manner and hence they rise up into large mattery Pusles Thomas Willis believes that in this Fermentation some Portions of the Blood are coagulated with the Poyson and so expelled forth together with it But this does not seem so very probable for though they are corrupted yet they are not coagulated seeing that portions so coagulated would not so easily be expelled forth by reason of their extraordinary thickness But this Ebullition is performed after the same manner as in Beer that works wherein there is no coagulation of the Humor but many spirituous Particles being strongly agitated in the Ale by the Fermentaceous Effervescency and involv'd and intermix'd with more viscous Particles tend upward and swim upon the top of the Ale or else burst forth in froth out of the Vessel but are not coagulated for they are very subtle and spirituous as appears not only by their strong Savor but also by this that out of that same strong flower of Ale being distilled are drawn Spirits almost as strong as the Spirits of Wine A Fever alwaies accompanies the Small Pox sometimes gentle sometimes higher sometimes more remiss and that Putrid also as appears by the critical Evacuation by Wheals which could never be done without a putrid Ebullition For where corrupt and putrid Humors are separated from the good there of necessity must be either some Putrefaction or putrid Effervescency Some there are who write that the Small Pox may come without a Fever but it is not true And their mistake proceeds from hence because in Infants and little Children that Fever is so gentle before the Pox come out that it hardly does them any observable Prejudice For if they appear a little more froward then ordinary or sleepy or refuse their meat or are less chearful then they use to be the Nurses readily ascribe that to their Breeding their Teeth or to the Worms so that when the Small Pox comes out they are apt to say they came out without any Fever attending them whereas that small Fever was not sufficiently taken notice of by themselves Which sort of Fever can be referred to no sort of Fever more truly then to that purtrid continual Fever called Synoche For during that sort of Fever there is a putrid Ebullition of the Blood in the Vessels with an equal heat through the whole course of the Disease and at length a Critical Expulsion of the Vitious Humors There are different sorts of the Small Pox of which few Physitians have taken notice For some are bigger and more full of Matter and come out thick which the Dutch call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 de Pocken Others Less which the samâ—… Dutch call de Steen Pocken And these are certain small Wheals without much matter that come out in the Skin scatteringly and in no extraordinary quantity without any grievous or violent Symptoms The others are clear and large transparent like Water or Chrystal and containing a certain Watry kind of Liquor which the Dutch call Wint-Pocken and some Water-Pocken Besides these there are other differences of the Pox as they are either great or small thick or few deep or
happen to be of the Number of the great Personages or one of their Children who will not be satisfy'd with such plain and ordinary words of the Physitian then you may prescribe a small quantity of Bezoar Stone with Magistry of Pearls or Crabs Eyes or Essence of Corral adding thereto some few Grains of Saffron or some such thing that will not disturb Nature in her work and satisfie the importunity of Friends or Parents But if Nature seem insufficient in the performance of her Duty so that she requires Assistance we must have recourse to other remedys that may succour Nature in her Endeavors Now among those Expulsives that are to be prescribed upon the first coming of the Physician are most of those Diaphoretics and Antidotes which we have said are to be prescrib'd at the beginning of the Pestilence lib. 3. cap. 5. out of which the Physician may choose those that he thinks most proper for his Patient For some are most proper for Infants and Children others for grown People others for the robust some for the feeble others for such as have but slight Fevers and others for those whose Fevers are more violent For the robust the most generous Medicins are Treacle and Diascordium with Salts of Wormwood Carduus Benedictus and the like For Children and Nice Persons make choice of such things as have a grateful Taste compos'd of the Species of Hearts-horn coral Pearls Saffron Alkermes Hyacinth and such like But above all the rest I never found any thing more effectual then our treacle-Treacle-water which we have describ'd in our Treatise of the Pestilence lib. 3. cap. 5. which has no ungrateful Taste and therefore may be given alone or with some pleasing Syrup to Children and Infants If the Small Pox do not come forth freely in the first place let the Patient take some Sudorific prescrib'd after the following manners â„ž Treacle of Andromachus Ê’j Salt of Carduus Benedict ℈ j. s. Water of Carduus Benedict â„¥ ij Mix them for a draught â„ž Diascordium of Fracastorius Treacle of each Ê’ s. Extract of Carduus Ben. Salt of Wormwood of each ℈ j. Decoction of Carduus Ben. q. s. Mix them for a draught â„ž Diascordium Ê’j Hearts-horn burnâ—… red Coral prepared of each ℈ j. of our Treacle-water â„¥ j. s. Syrup of dry Roses â„¥ s. mix them for a draught if there be any fear of a looseness â„ž Of our Treacle water â„¥ j. or â„¥ j. s. double refined Sugar Ê’j mix them for a draught for very nice Children â„ž Confect Hyacinth Diascordium Harts-horn burnt of each ℈ j. Mix them for a Bolus â„ž Pulv. Liberants ℈ ij Saffron gr iiij Harts-horn burnt ℈ j. Mix them for a Powder â„ž Pearls red Coral prepared Harts-horn burnt of each Ê’j Manâ—…s Christi ℈ j. Mix them for a Powder to be taken in some Cordial Liquor â„ž Seed of Columbines and Turnip-seed an ℈ j. s. of Nosesmart seed ℈ j. make a Powder for ordinary People â„ž New Sheeps dung Ê’ vj. or â„¥ j. small VVhite-wine Decoction of Barley an â„¥ j. s. Mingle them together and let them stand two or three hours then strain them gently and give the Liquor strained for one draught which powerfully expels the small Pox. After these and such like other forms Sudorifics may be conveniently prescribed and exhibited There is it requisite in this Case to prescribe many laborious Compositions as the same Physitians especially the Scholars of Paracelsus with great Ostentation will be studying to do in regard that a few are sufficient for this Indication When the Patient has taken his Sudorific he is to be well cover'd with Blankets and other Coverings and so be provoked to Sweat Nevertheless care is to be taken least being covered too hot or lying in a hot Stove he do not fall into a Swoon for as in all other things so there is a Moderation to be observed in this sort of swoonding Here by the way we are to take notice that Fracastorius Io Paschalis Forestus Riverius and many others recommend for the better provoking of Sweat that the Patient should be covered with red Coverlets whether they believe that there is something of a Singular property in red which contributes very much to the Expulsion of the Small Pox or that a Sweat provoked by such red Coverlets is more Efficacious to bring out the Small Pox or that the looking upon red provokes the Colours outward as Velescus de Taranta and Duncan Liddelius write But they all seem to be under a great mistake who expect any thing particular from the red Colour of the Coverlets For it is not the Colour but the heat provoked by the Coverlets which causes the Expulsion of the Small Pox. But this same Errour seems to have derived its Original from hence that formerly in the time of our great Grand-Fathers the best and thickest Coverlets were dy'd of a red Colour the thinner and courser Sort were dy'd of other Colours and hence it was that when the Physitians of those times saw it necessary for their Patients to be well covered they ordered them to be covered with the best and thickest Blankets which the succeeding Physitians not really observing thought the preceding Physitians had ordered their Patients to be covered with red Coverlets as if they had Experienced something more notable and singular in a red that in any other Colour to provoke the Small Pox. After the Patient has Sweat well according to the proportion of his strength the Cloaths may be somewhat lighten'd to relieve him in his great Sweat However he is to be kept still in a moisture or gentle Breathing Sweat for a day or two till the Pox are well come forward taking great care nevertheless that his strength be not wasted with two much heat Thus Forestus orders the Patient to be kept in an Air moderately warm and to keep him so covered with Cloaths and Coverlets that he may still lye in a kind of Breathing Sweat taking care above all things that the heat of the Body be not too much augmented by heaps of Coverings or heat of Stones and so the Fever getting strength the Patient come to be stifled with a Syncope This Duncan Liddelius also rightly admonishes Now to the end that during this same Breathing-Sweat the Expulsion of the Pox may have the more swift and better success our Country Folks are wont to boyl sliced Figgs in small Ale and give the Decoction lukewarm to the Patient with good success And Forestus highly extolls this Simple Decoction of Figs and gives it all Children However Leonellus does not boil the Figs in small Ale but in Whey and very properly uâ—…es that Decoction Some will give the more sprightly sort of Children Figs to eat nor do they do amiss so that their Stomacs will bear them For Figs which way soever they are used are very wholsom in this Distemper And this is the reason why being boiled and mixed in Cataplasms and laid upon
Tumors to ripen them as they concoct crude Humors and hasten Suppuration so being taken in Decoctions or eaten they drive out the Small Pox and cause a swift Maturation of them as daily Experience tells us Only when you use them this one thing is to be observed that neither they nor their Decoctions must be given to them whose Bellies are Laxative or over-loose or where a Loosness is feared for they may excite a pernicious Flux where the Patient is subject already to Loosness Frequently therefore Physitians will not prescribe the simple Decoction of Figs but a Composition for the same purpose somewhat of this nature â„ž French Barley cleansed â„¥ j. Licorice sliced Ê’ij Red Vetches â„¥ j. s. Turnep-seed Fennel-seed an Ê’ ij Figs no. xvij Water q. s. Make a Decoction according to Art to two Pints To this Decoction some add Carduus and Water Germander others Lentils and Raisins of the Sun Parsley-seed Culumbine-seed Turnep and others other Ingredients These two Decoctions are taken from Avicen and Rases much used and approved by succeeding Physitians â„ž Lacca washed Ê’ v. Lentils peel Ê’vj Gum Tragacanth Ê’ iij. Water q. s. make a Decoction to a Pint and half â„ž Figs Ê’ vij Lentils peel'd Ê’iij Lacca Ê’ij s. Tragacanth Fennel-seed an Ê’ ij Water lb s. Boil this to the remainder of the third Part. Such a Decoction also may be somewhat otherwise prescribed â„ž Raisins of the Sun stoned â„¥ ij dry Figs no. x. â—…entils peel'd â„¥ iiij Lacca Ê’ j. s. Fennel-seed Ê’iij Parsley-seed Ê’ j. s. Saffron ℈ j. VVater lb iij. Boil them to two Pints Garcias Lopez prescribes a Decoction of the same nature after this manner â„ž Dry Figs no. x. Iujubes without Kernels no. xv Lentils peel'd â„¥ ij Seeds of Fennel Dill Parsley Quinces an Ê’ij Lacca Tragacanth Roses Saunders an Ê’ ij VVater q. s. Boil them according to Art and to the strained Liquor add Saffron powdered Ê’ s. But Cardan Io. Baptist. Sylvaticus Amatus of Portugal Septalius and some others disallow Lentils and Tragacanth Sennertus approves those compounded Decoctions only upon the score of Experience because many Physitians have been successful in the use of them not that he gives any reason for it But I will give my reason which is this because they somewhat thicken the Boiling Blood and dispose it to a quicker Maturation of the Blood and therefore I think them fit to be made use of not only at the beginning of the Distemper to drive out the Pox but a little after the beginning to hasten their Expulsion and Maturation as we said but now concerning Figs. There are some who distill these Decoctions and give the distilled Water to the Patients But these are Fools in Chymistry not knowing that Lac Figs Lentils Tragacanth and such other primary viscous and sweet Ingredients do not pass through the Lembec in Distillation whence of a good and effectual Decoction they make a Water altogether ineffectual If the Heat be not very intense you may to very good purpose add to the Decoction of Figs the Roots of Elecampane which prosperously promote Expulsion Others add the Flowers of Marigolds Instead of these Decoctions when the strength of the Disease and great necessity does not urge them these pleasing Emulsions may be aptly prescrib'd for nice and curious Palates â„ž Sweet Almonds peel'd â„¥ j. of the four Cold seeds peel'd an Ê’j s. Seed of Navews Columbines Carduus Benedict an Ê’j Barley water q. s. make an Emusion to a pint to which add refin'd Sugar or for the richer sort Manus Christi very clear â„¥ s. or q. s. to render it gratefully sweet Mingle all together and make an Emulsion â„ž Seed of Carduus Benedictus peel'd of Columbines of Navews an Ê’ij Melons â„¥ iij. Fennel and Carduus VVaters an â„¥ iij. adding of Manus Christi q. s. for sweetness mingle all together for Infants and Children All the Germans make these Emulsions with the Distill'd Waters of Sorrel Borage Carduus and Scabious c. But we ascribe little strength to them and value more the Decoction of Barley which may in some manner promote Maturation If there be any who with more discretion think fit to use Sweet-meats they may be prescrib'd after this manner â„ž Root of Elecampane Condited Conserve of Borage and Violets an â„¥ j. Syrup of Elecampane q. s. mix them and make an Electuary â„ž The pulp of large Raisins of the Sun and Figs preserv'd Orange-peel Conserve of Roses an Ê’vj Syrup of Orangs q. s. mix them for an Electuary â„ž Pulvis Liberans Ê’j Harts-horn burnt Ê’ s. Citron rind condited Wallnuts preserv'd Conserve of Marigold slowers an Ê’vj Syrup of Wallnuts q. s. mix them for an Electuary The Chymists applaud their dissolutions Magistery's and Essences of Pearls Coral Harts-horn and the like rather to be magnified for their hard Names then the benefit of their Operation as by which great effects are promis'd to be done but very little perform'd and which seem rather to aim at the gain of the Seller's then the Recovery of the Patient To all the foresaid Medicines if there be any Intense heat of a Fever some cooling things may be added as if you should add to the Decoctions Borage Succory Lettice Violet leaves Endive Bugloss Roses the four Cold seeds c. or to the Electuaries Conserve of Violets Roses Water Lillies Powder of Diatragacanth or Cold Diamargarit Trochises of Spodium or Ivory calcin'd and the like Besides Internal Medicaments Bauderon prescribes for the quick driving out the Pox and provoking of Sweats Epithemes which are a sort of Decoctions Fomentations Emplasters Oyls to anoint the Pulses and the like to be outwardly applyed But these do all more harm then good and by means of the Ventilation of the Air rather hinder then promote the provocation of Sweat However in the use of all these things a common Error of many Physitians is here to be taken Notice of who intermix with their Medicaments Sorrel green Grapes Barberies Ribes Apples Juice and Syrup of Limons Tamarinds and such kind of sowr things and this as they say to mitigate the heat and stop the Ebullition Certainly these Gentlemen are altogether out of the way Let them if they please by means of Acids mitigate the heat in Inflamations burning and tertian Fevers and such like Vitious Fermentations of the Blood but not in this Distemper which is to be brought to a Crisis and Expulsion and ripening of the morbific matter by some excess of heat and Ebullition and so to throw off the Disease For Acids because they quell the heat and Sulphureous Ebullition which attends this Disease and hinder the necessary Concoction as also the Expulsion and Maturation of the morbific matter and are hurtful to the Breast are so prejudicial that hardly any thing can be prescrib'd more dangerous CHAP. XI Of the Cure of the Parts of the Body more Afflicted then others and first of the Internal AFter General Curation which regards
open'd So soon as the Pox are broken gargle with a Decoction of Barley Plantain and Red Roses sweetened with Honey of Roses and Syrup of Cumfrey To defend the Nostrils from the Pox let the Patient very often smell to Venegar Thus also Forestus writes that Benedict Faventinus before breaking of the Pox ordered their Patients to smell to Vinegar wherein they had boil'd a quantity of Roses Liddelius also and Riverius approve the smelling to Vinegar But if the Pox happen to be very thick in the Nostrils annoint them often with a Feather dipped in Oyl of Sweet Almonds But if they are grown into hard Scabs and obstruct the Nostrils and so procure a difficulty of Breathing then stuff into the Nostrils new Butter without Salt by which means the Scabs being softned fall off and the Obstruction ceases The advice of others is that the Patients should snuff up into their Nostrils these and the other Decoctions but that Children cannot do nor can grown People do it by reason of the Obstruction Only Butter thrust up often into the Nostrils does the business so that there is no need of other troublesom Remedies But if there be any Exulceration in the Nostrils that is to be cured with a Liniment made of the Oyl of the Yolks of Eggs and juice of Plantain well mixt together in a Mortar To which if there be an occasion of drying up the Matter more than ordinary you may add a little Tutia Oyntment If the Ears ake and itch let not the Patient handle them with his Hands or if they run let the Matter go and take care that they continue open But if the Pain be very much dip a Spunge in the Decoction of the Leaves of Althea Flowers of â—…amomil Melilot and Roses Seeds of Fengreek Dill and Cumin and drop it lukewarm into the Ear. The Medicinal Part that concerns the Eyes consists partly in Preservation partly in the Cure To preserve the Eyes from being over-run with the Pox some wash the Eye-lids with Plantain and Rose water wherein a little prepared Tutia has been infused or mixed with a little white Self and Camphire Bauderon prescribes to this purpose the following Collyrium â„ž Leaves of Black-thron-Bush Plantain red Roses an half a handful Boyl them in Smiths water to â„¥ iij. In the straining dissolve Saffron ℈ j. Camphire gr v. The white of one Egg and mix them together Of this drop some few drops into the Eyes every hour and lay little Rags dipped in the same upon the Eye-lids and keep the Patient dark Liddle prescribes this â„ž Rose-water â„¥ ij Plantain-water â„¥ j. Powder of the Seed of Sumach Ê’ij warm them over a gentle Fire and strain them with a good force Add to the straining Camphir ℈ j. Saffron gr v. Mix them for a Collyrium and let the Eyes be often moistened with a Linnen cloth dipped therein Mercurialis administers this â„ž Rose-water Plantain-water an â„¥ j Sumac â„¥ s. let them steep a whole night and make a mixture with as much white of an Egg as suffices Or else he takes â—…halybeat Milk mixt with Rose-water with which sometimes he mingles a little Mirrh to assawge the pain and itching For my part I find nothing better then Saffron powdered and mixt with Cream of sweet Milk With which mixture let the Eyes be anointed with a Feather touching with the same now and then the Caruncles in the larger corner which I use with success when the Eyes are damnified only adding thereto a little white Sief If the Eye-lids cannot be preserved from the Small Pox then it frequently happens that they swell very much so that the Eyes are closed by reason of the swelling In this case observe that the Eye-lids notwithstanding that swelling are to be opened with the Fingers once or twice every day to the end the humour abiding therein may be let out which otherwise thickning within the Eye-brows begits a Whitshot But if by reason of the largeness of the swelling the Eye-lids cannot be conveniently opened they are first to be fomented with a soft Spung dipt in Mutton broth or a lukewarm Decâ—…ction of Leaves of Althea Flowers of pale Roses and Melilot and Seed of Fengreek and after the use of this Fomentation for some time then try again to sunder the Eye-lids with your Fingers If after the swelling is abated and consequently the Eye-lids freely open any white Clouds like the white of an Egg appear in the Eyes dimming the sight blow a little white Sugar Candy finely powdered through a quill into the Eye with which and nothing else I have successfully removed those little Clouds But if they chance to grow harder and absolutely blind the sight then add to the said Sugar Candy a fourth or sixth part of Lapis Calaminaris finely powdred together with the Sugar Candy That powder wonderfully takes away those Clouds and restores the sight But if the Eyes are Ulcerated by the Pox they must be cured with this Collyrium â„ž Ceruse washed Ê’iij Sarcocol Ê’j Gum Tragacanth ℈ j. Opium gr ij make Trochischs of this with Muscilage of Tragacanth extracted in Plantain-water which when use requires are to be dissolved in Womans milk or Rose-water The care of the Face like that of the Eyes consists partly in Preservation partly in Cure Preservation is not intended to prevent the breaking forth of the Pox in the Face for if that should be hindred the Distemper would seize the inner Parts as the Brain Meninx's Eyes and other Parts which would be a greater prejudice but that the Small Pox being dried and falling off may leave as few Scars and Pits as may be To which purpose several Topics have been invented Some while the Pox are coming forth frequently foment the Face with a Decoction wherein Pease have been boyl'd to an Extraordinary softness as we say to mash Others anoint the Face twice a day with a Feather dipp'd in Oyl of Navews with great success Forestus recommends Oyl of Sweet Almonds Riverius Oyl of Nuts Others Bacon tosted at a hot Fire and the dripping receiv'd into Rose-water and so made into a soft Oyntment which does well and was generally used by that great Practitioner Timannus Gesselius Others roast the Caul of a Boar-Pig at the Fire upon a Spit letting the Fat drop into a Receptacle fill'd with Rose-water and smear the Face all over with that mixture and then cover all the Face with the Fat of the same Hog cut into thin slices This they do twice a day taking off the Old and laying on fresh till perfect Maturation of the Pox which happens sooner by that means till they fall off and this is a great secret among the Court Lady's Certainly none of these ways are to be contemn'd but excellent in their kind and I believe they are many times to be made use of Especially among the Richer sort and great People that think the Physitians care do them more good by some notable Exploit then Nature by
her own endeavours However I generally give this advice to my Patients that at the beginning they anoint the Face with a Spunge dipped in Mutton Broth after the Mutton is boiled from the Bones having first taken away the fat which discolours the Face and to use this several times in a day till the Maturation of the Wheals but after that to leave the rest to Nature Nay I perswade many not to tamper at all but to leave the whole to Nature especially if the Pox do not come out very thick Moreover I chiefly recommend this to their care that the Patient do not scratch and dig off the Wheals with his Nails For Experience teaches us that where the Pustles dry and fall off of themselves without opening they escape with sewest Pits or Scars Which Gracias Lopez and Forestus also observe But here the Custom of the Courtiers may not improperly be examined who more solicitous to preserve their Beauty then others use to open the Wheals with a Golden Bodkin to let out the Matter before it corrode as they pretend more deep into the Skin and so make deeper Scars and Pits which the Arabians and many Modern Physitians also prescribe But we must tell them that we have alwaies found this opening very prejudicial and that the Pits and Scars have been the deeper for that Operation and Riverius is of the same Opinion And this Experience is supported by two Reasons First That Perforation ought not to be attempted but when the Wheals are ripe and white But in regard that when the Matter is white and concocted it is a sign that all that sharp servour and power of corroding the Flesh or Skin is quite gone especially the Wheals drying up of themselves that Operation of the Golden Needle is altogether superfluous seeing there is no fear of any farther Corrosion Secondly The matter being drawn forth by that same opening Operation the Cavities are presently dried up by the ambient Air and grow hard whence it comes to pass that the Flesh that lyes underneath cannot grow up to fill the vacances On the other side if the Wheals are not opened but the matter be permitted to dry up of its self then the Flesh underneath is preserved soft and so much grows up again that before the Matter is fully dried up the place of the Wheals are filled up again so that when the Scabs fall off there are hardly any Pits to be seen This latter Reason therefore teaches us that great care is to be taken to prevent the Patients from scratching off the itching Scabs with their Fingers or pulling them off before they are dry'd For certain experience tells us that nothing causes deeper Pits or Scars than that unruliness And therefore as to Infants and Children I alwaies advise that their Hands be so ty'd and swath'd up that they may not be able to lift them to their Faces and scratch off the Wheals that are upon it And this is the Advice of the Author of the Book Entituled Of the property of things For saith he let the Nurse or Physitian take care whether they be Children or grown People that the little Bladders of the Pustles be not broken either because they itch or for any other Reason nor opened specially those about the Face For if the Wheals are once perforated and pricked the Scars will be deep and lasting And this is confirmed by the Experience of Forestus also The Arabians were wont to wash the opened Wheals with Salt-water which Paschal Rudius and others approve And many with a Decoction of Saunders red Roses Plantain Myrtils and Sanicle But such Lotions are to be rejected because they dry up too quickly the Pits of the Pox and so hinder the Flesh from growing up so that the Pits remain as deep as they were before Sometimes it happens that the Small Pox leave behind filthy Exulcerations which corrode the Skin but these Amatus washes first with this Decoction â„ž Flowers of Red Roses and Myrtils Leaves of Lentisc Oaken tops and Tamirish an equal Parts Water q. s. make a Decoction to wash the Ulcers and after you have wiped them with a Cloth strow on this powder â„ž Frankincense Mastick red Roses Sarcocoll an equal Parts make them into a very fine Powder Forestus in the same Case besides the Camphire Oyntment uses also the following Oyntment of Lead which Duncan Liddelius highly commends â„ž Burnt Lead â„¥ ij Litharge â„¥ j. Ceruse washed vinegar an â„¥ s. Oyl of Roses â„¥ iij. Honey of Roses â„¥ j. Yolks of Eggs no. iij. Mirrh â„¥ s. Wax q. s. make an Oyntment according to Art After the Small Pox is cured sometimes red Spots remain for the more speedy taking away of which some there are that wash them twice or thrice a day with a Decoction of Lupines and Beans wherein some also boyl the Roots of Bull-rushes and Southernwood leaves Others use the distilled Water of Flowers of Beans and Solomons Seal mixing therein a little juice of Limons Others wash the Spots with Water of Cows-dung Io. Paschal commends the Lotion of Water of Rosemary Mercurialis extolls the the Distilled Water of two Calves-Feet as many Limons and a small quantity of Dragons Others anoint them with the Oyl of Roses or Pomatum mixt with Tartar But I have observ'd by long Practise that they wear away sooner if nothing at all be done to them for the External Air after the Exulcerations of the Small Pox is over drys and hardens by degrees the new Skin by which means the Colour of those Spots wears off and at length wholly vanishes when the new Skin has acquir'd an equal hardness with the former And therefore I never prescribe any Lotions or Oyntments to that purpose in regard they do but retard the hardning of the Skin and removal of the Spots and for that I find the External Air to be the only Remedy against those Spots But If I meet with any Court Ladys that will not be satisfy'd without a Topic remedy I recommend to them a Lotion of Bean Water mixed with a little Water of Tartar and juice of Limons or else a Lotion of Virgins Milk To take away the Pits and other Foot Steeps of the disease many use Man's Grease or Mutton Suet and many prescribe several other Oyntments and Linements Bauderon in his prescriptions to this purpose says he very much conduces Water of Honey distill'd with Turpentine Also Asses Fat melted with Oyl of Lillies as also Oyl of Eggs and Bricks The Blood of a Hair or Bull apply'd hot fills up the Pits Also that which they call the Sword or Rind of Pork or Bacon if the Pits be rub'd therewith smooth the Skin and fill up the Pits Goose Ducks and Hens Grease work the same effect as also the Ashes of a Rams or Goats Hoof if it may be so call'd or of Egg-shells serve to the same purpose and to smooth the little risings in the Skin he prescribes â„ž Oyl of Lillys Goose Grease
and Asses Grease an â„¥ j. Citrine Oyntment â„¥ s. mix them and anoint the Tubercles going to Bed for several Nights together The next day wash the Face with their Decoction â„ž Roots of white Lillyes â„¥ ij Cuckow pint or Dragons â„¥ i. One Citron thin Bran one Handful Water q. s. Boyl them for a Lukewarm Lotion every day Forestus among other things excels the following Oyntment â„ž Oyl of Sweet Almonds white Lillyes an â„¥ j. Capons Grease â„¥ iij. Powder of Pyony and Florence Oâ—…ice Root Lithurge of Gold an ℈ s. Sugar Candy ℈ j. All these being well mixed in a hot Mortar and press'd through a Linnen Cloth anoint the Places Morning and Evening afterwards wash with Distill'd Water of Calves-Feet or Water of Cow-dung But all these things signifies little for when once the Pits of the Small Pox are dry'd and that the Scars are either too hollow or too high raised the Skin is fixed then all Topics are in vain But if the Colour of them be too red and unseemly the Colour perhaps may be taken off by Virgins Milk or else some of those other prescriptions for taking away the Spots but as to the filling up of the Pits there is nothing to be done Add to this that Grease of Men sheep Asses Geese and the like do so darken and smut the Skin that they cause a greater deformity then the Pits and Scars themselves CHAP. XIII Of the Measles THE Measles are Spots or small red Tubercles breaking forth in the Skin but never suppurating arising from a peculiar Fermentation of the Blood They differ accidentally or according to the more or the less from Small Pox Because the Small Pox rise up high and suppurate but the rising of the Measles is hardly conspicuous and never suppurate And therefore they sooner go off and with less danger then the small Pox and most frequently seize Children very rarely People of ripe Years or Old Men or such as have had the Small Pox before For they that have had the Small Pox are generally if not always exempted from the Measles though 't is true they can Challenge no absolute Immunity They generally seize the Skin and the Epidermis where they come forth and are seen But whether like the Small Pox they seize the Internal Parts or no is much to be Questioned nor do I indeed believe it in regard I do not find that hitherto any Physitian has ever found it to be so They rise from the more subtil hotter and dryer Sanguineous Humour inclining to Choler fermenting after a Specific Manner which is the reason that they quickly come forth and never rise into Wheals like the Small Pox nor into any other considerable swellings but coming forth small at the beginning they become red broad Spots with a slight roughness of the Skin After the Seventh day and many times sooner they vanish without any Exulceration not the least Foot-steps remaining nor any deformity left behind The cause of them is the same as the cause of the Small Pox but the difference of the two Diseases consists in this that the matter out of which they are generated in the Small Pox is thick Sanguineous and moist which is the reason why they rise into Whealks but in the Measles thin dryer and somewhat Choleric For the most Part they seldom seize the same Person above once nor do they so frequently as the Small Pox return Twice or Thrice because the matter of these being much thinner upon the first seizure is generally dissipated and consumed They are accompany'd with a Fever like the Small Pox nay they arise from a Fever of which they are a kind of critical Evacuation The Diagnostic Signs that shew the Measles to be at Hand are the same which portend the approach of the Small Pox and when they are come forth the Sight is the Judge The Prognostics are if they quickly appear with a Diminution of the Fever Anxiety and other Symptoms and persisting in their height for Three or Four days afterwards vanish by degrees The Evil Prognostics if they come forth slowly are accompany'd with bad Symptoms and disappear again the first day Moreover they have many other Prognostics common with the Small Pox which are described cap. 5. before The Cure at the Beginning differs nothing from the Small Pox for that the Patients are to be put into a Sweat by the Sudorifics prescribed cap. 10. before and kept in a gentle Breathing Sweat till they are wholly come forth No cold must come to them but the Decoction of Barley Licorice Vetches and Figs is frequently to be given them for that expels the Measles as successfully as the Small Pox and their Method is to be observ'd till they disappear again of their own accord and with all the Signs of Health There is no need of Topics here However sometimes it falls out that there will be a vehement most troublesom and intollerable Itching and Prickings in the Soles of the Feet and Palms of the Hands for the mitigation of which Symptom then to hold the Hands and Feet for some time in cold Water For by that means that Pricking is asswag'd and the Measles in the Soles of the Feet and the Palms of the Hands break out more easily This Experiment was formerly a Secret of Nicolas the Florentine from whom Basius Astarius of Pavia borrow'd it Concerning this matter Forestus has a Singular Observation lib 6. Observ. 42. Next akin to the Measles is that Distemper which arising from the same Cause and requiring the same Cure is call'd the Purples Of which Haly Abbas thus speaks There is says he a sort of Distemper called Rubeola which arises from a hot subtil and not very much bad blood and this sort when it comes to its height is like the Grains of Millet or somewhat bigger and the Color of it Red nor are the Pustles to be opened but insensibly dissipate and vanish In this Distemper red and as it were fiery Spots intermixed with small Tubercles like Millet seed with a swelling hardly worth speaking of break forth over all the Body at the beginning of the Disease as it were a kind of St. Anthonies fire that is the first second third or fourth day In the height of the Distemper the whole Body seems to be red as if it were under a general St. Anothonies Fire But in the Declination the redness is diminished and the broad Spots as at the beginning again appear which at length upon the fifth sixth seventh eighth or ninth day vanish the upper Skin peeling off like little Scales This Disease for the most part infests Infants and Children very rarely People of ripe years and like the Measles for the most part seize upon the Skin and Epidermis and is easily cured if you take care of keeping the Patient warm Nevertheless it happens that sometimes the Internal Parts are seiz'd by this Distemper to the great hazard of the Patients Life Thence an Intense Fever
violent heat and extraordinary thirst many times Inflamations of the Chaps Lungs and other Bowels with diffâ—…culty of Breathing extream heaviness deliriums tension of the Hypochondriums and other evil Symptoms In reference to which Subject Sennertus tells a remarkable Story of such a Patient l. 4. de Feb. c. 12. A TREA TISE OF THE SMALL-POX AND MEASLES FOR the greater Perfection and more solid Confirmation of what has been said before we will add the Histories of some Patients which we have met within our Practise not common but such wherein there may be something singular observed HISTORY I. IN the Year 1640. After a moist and warm Winter followed a hot and moderately dry Summer wherein Fevers Tertian Quotidian and Intermitting seized abundance of People About the middle of Iuly the Small Pox and Measles began to be very rife In August they greatly increased especially the Small Pox and so continuing to the end of that Year carry'd off a great many to their Graves More then that they who in those two Months fell sick of other Diseases were also in a short time after seized by the Measles but chiefly by the Small Pox. At that time we saw several who having had the Small Pox very thick have afterwards had them a second time and that second time they break forth in greater quantity than the first Nay it has been known that some have had the Small Pox and been very full too three times within the space of six Months Though it be a thing that rarely uses to happen especially in so short a time These Diseases took their Rise from a continual Fever which in some is more intense in others more remiss with a Pulse for the most part oppressed weak thick and unequal For the most part the Symptoms were very bad an extream heaviness oppression of the Heart dryness of the Mouth tremblings of the extream Parts Deliriums c. In many the Small Pox come forth after the first or second but in most not before the third fourth or fifth days where they appeared later the Patients were in great danger and many dy'd for oft-times the strength of the Patient was so wasted by the violence of thâ—…â—…istemper that at length when the red Spots the Harbingers oâ—…â—…e Small Pox appeared Nature was so feeble that she could not expel them with that vigour as she ought to have done They that vomited or coughed up Blood or Piss'd bloody they generally dy'd not one in six hundred escaping For their internal Bowels being seized with the Small Pox were so corrupted that they could never be restored to Health Such as had the Small Pox very thick in their Mouths Tongues Palate Chaps Asperia Arteria and Gullet were very much troubled to fetch their Breaths and to swallow before the maturation and breaking of the Wheals which was the reason that many were stiffled They who were Purged by unskilful Physitians at the beginning for the most part died In regard the Small Pox come forth more Naturally when the Belly is bound then when it is loose Our Treacle water was much more prevalent to provoke Sweat in Children then any other Diaphoretic After breaking the Decoction of Figs drank very much assisted to expel the Pox especially if Sycory Carduus Benedict Scabious red Vetches and other such things were added However it was not to be administred if the Belly were loose The common People and Country folk steeped Sheeps dung and Horse dung in Wine or Ale and then straining it through a Linnen Cloath gave it lukewarm with good success to their Patients But the greatest part of the Cure consisted in keeping all manner of Cold from the Patients ANNOTATIONS 1. OF the Use and Vertue of Figs and their Benefit in the Cure of these Diseases and the Decoctions usually made of them we have discoursed at large cap. 10. before Avicen also thus speaks of their Vertues The water of Figs says he is good for Figs are vehement expellers to the outward Parts and that is one way to escape the Disaster of the Small Pox. 2. This very advice concerning Cold has Avicen also taken notice of when says he the Small Pox begin to appear then the catching Cold will be the occasion of a great mistake for that it detains the superfluity within and carrys it to the Principal Members and for that it is impossible for the Small Pox to come out and appear thence proceeds restlesness narrowness of the Throat and sometimes swoonding Therefore the superfluities are to be assisted with such things as make them boyl and open Oppellations as Fennel and Parsley with Sugar and their Juices or some Decoction of their Roots and Seeds HISTORY II. THE Daughter of Iohn Crasselt eight Years of Age fell sick of the Small Pox which for the first three days came out very thick over the Skin of the whole Body The fourth day she had a Hoarsness with a little Cough and pain in her Belly The Fever also from the beginning till this time continued in the same degree The sixth day a purulent Diarrhea with griping of the â—…estines followed and she coughed up much purulent bloody Matter No Remedies availing and her strength being wasted she dy'd the Eighth day ANNOTATIONS IN this Patient there is no question to be made but that the Small Pox had seized the Internal Bowels the Guts and Lungs and perhaps the Liver and other Bowels the affections of which in this Distemper are Mortal Now that the Internal Bowels may be seized by the Small Pox our own Eyes will convince us as Fernelius tells us It is often found saies he tha several who have been Dissected after their Deaths have had their Liver Spleen Lungs and all their inner Bowels all over covered with Mattry Pustles like the Skin Paraeus also observes the same thing This says he Richard Hubert the Chyrurgion and I saw in two Girles the one four the other seventeen years of Age who both dying of the Small Pox were both Dissected at what time their internal Bowels appear'd covered over with Scabby Pustles like those upon the Skin HISTORY III. THE Wife of Iames de Clear a Woman of thirty years of Age was taken with a Fever not very violent together with a kind of Drowsiness pain at the Heart a heaviness of the Head and a â—…light intermitting Delyrium Now because the Small Pox were then very rife I suspected the Small Pox would follow these Symptoms because she had never had them before For the Cure therefore having first loosened her Belly with a Glister I gave her this Sudorific â„ž Treacle Diascordium of Fracastorius an Ê’ s. Salt of Wormwood ℈ j. Treacle water â„¥ ij mix them for a Potion This taken she fell into a good Sweat but the Disease continuing in the same state the same was given her again the next day with like success for all that sweating would not move the Disease Then I prescribed her to drink this Decoction
and ordered her to be kept three days in a gentle breathing Sweat which she easily endured as being a Woman of good discretion and very obedient to her Physitian ℞ Barly cleansed Fennel Roots an ℥ j. Elecampane Roots ℥ s. sliced Licorice ʒij red Vetches ℥ j. s. Scabious half a handful Fennel seed ʒ j. s. Figs nō xvij Water q. s. make a Decoction to two Pints When still no signs of the Small Pox appeared again I loosened her Belly with a Glyster and the next day ordered a Vein to be opened in her Arm the third taking the Decoction she sweat moderately and so continued for ten days using the said Decoction afterwards because the Fever and Heaviness seemed again to increase and for that she waxed more drowsy and restless I again gave her the Diaphoretic above mentioned adding Extract of Carduus Benedict ℥ s. which when she had taken and sweat violently the forerunners of the Small Pox began to appear up and down upon her Skin that is to say the red Spots then she continued in a gentle breathing Sweat for two days still drinking the Decoction before mentioned and in that time the Small Pox were very much risen and the Fever with other Symptoms vanished by degrees All the time of the Disease she took no other Food then thin Broths and every other day she had once a day a Stool voluntarily ANNOTATIONS IN this Patient I almost despair'd of any coming forth of the Small Pox and thought I had been deceived in my judgment for I could not believe they would have come forth so late that is to say upon the twentieth day neither did I ever see them break forth so late in any other Person Hence it appeared that Hippocrates was in the Right where he says that Remedies when they are truly administer'd are not to be changed so long as there is no other urgent Indication that requires an Alteration HISTORY IV. THE Son of Edward Wilmer ten Years of Age so soon as the Fever had seized him and that the Small Pox began to appear in several Parts of his Body one Edmund an English Chyrurgeon was sent for who to free the Patient from the Heaviness that oppressed him gave him some Purging Medicine this in a short time encreased his drowsiness a terrible Loosness followed together with an extraordinary wast of the natural strength Presently the Pox fell and the Child died the next Night ANNOTATIONS HIppocrates says thus Where Nature leads there we ought to follow if she lead by ways agreeable to the Law of Nature But in the Small Pox Nature leads from the Center to the Periphery and that this is the most convenient way for the Evacuation of the Malignant Matter fermenting and boyling the Experience of many Ages has taught us therefore in the Cure of this Disease a Physitian ought in the first place to observe Nature either to let her do her own work of her own accord or if she be feeble to assist her in her Action But he must not disturb her true Motion with a Motion contrary to it and when the Malignant Matter is wholsomly and regularly driving to the Exterior Parts recal it back to the Innermost and more Noble Bowels For says Hippocrates such things are to be fetch'd out of the Body which coming forth of themselves are conducible to Health but those things that come forth violently are to be restrain'd stopp'd and retain'd But such things as we ought to fetch out are not brought forth by Evacuation through the Guts neither do they come forth according to the regular Motion of Nature nor by ways agreeable to the Laws of Nature therefore in this Disease Evacuation by Glysters is not to be provoked through the Intestins by Glysters or if it come forth of its own accord it is to be stop'd as soon as may be Hence says Rhases great care is to be taken after the coming forth of the Pustles whether high or broad least the Belly be loosened with Medicaments for they presently cause a Disentery especially where the Pustles are very high thus also Avenzoar never prescribes any Purging Medicaments to those that are Sick of the Small Pox and forbids the Belly to be loosened unless by the help of a Suppository if the Patient be to hard bound This Egmund the Chyrugeon never understood and so by his Ignorance kill'd the Patient as it happens to several others who slighting the Learned Physitians had rather purchase Death with Gold from ignorant Mountebanks and Homicides then buy Health with Copper from prudent and knowing Physitians HISTORY V. TWO Sisters Young Gentlewomen both the one of Twenty Four the other of Twenty Six Years at a Season when the Small Pox were very rife were extreamly afraid of the Disease It fell out by accident as they were going to Church a Young Lad newly cured of the Small Pox was got abroad and coming along in the Street at least thirty Paces distant from them having his Face all spotted with red Spots the remainders of the Footsteps of the Disease with which sight they were so scared that they thought themselves infected already Thereupon I being sent for to visit the Young Ladies endeavour'd by many Arguments to dispel these idle fears and for the better satisfaction of both prescribed them a gentle Purge which after they had taken the next day but one I ordered a Vein to be opened in the Arm and desired them to pluck up a good heart and to the end they might believe themselves to be the more certainly secured from the Distemper I forbid them the eating of all such dyet as might contribute the procuring of this Disease prescribed them certain Apozems of Succory and other cooling things to Drink and ordered them to walk abroad visit their Friends and by pleasant Discourse and Conversation and all other ways imaginable to drive those vain conceits out of their Minds But all that I could do signified nothing so deeply had this conceit rooted it self in their Imagination For after fourteen days of Health wherein they continually walked abroad and were merry with their Friends and Acquaintance yet all the while the Small Pox ran in their Minds at length without any occasion of Infection they were both together seized with a Fever and the next day the small red Spots appeared in their Face and Hands which after I had given them the Decoction of Figs in a short time after coming farther out terminated in the Small Pox which came forth very thick as well upon the Body as the Face and so the Fever the Heaviness and other Symptoms ceased by degrees and they themselves forbearing to shift their foul Linnen in fourteen days and committing no Error in their Diet but observing my Prescriptions exactly without scratching off the Pox with their Nails were both cured with very little or no prejudice to their Beauty ANNOTATIONS HOw wonderful the Strength of Imagination is we have experience in many Persons
for that by the Motions of the Mind it frequently works Miracles And thus in these two Gentlewomen through a continual and constant Cogitation caused by the Preceding Fear that Idea of the Small Pox so strongly Imprinted in their Minds and thence in the Spirits and Humours begat therein a disposition and Aptitude to receive the Small Pox. I remember the same Year I went to Visit a Noble German who Dreamâ—… that he was drawn against his Will to visit one that was Sick of the Small Pox and was very much Disfigur'd which Dream made such an Impression in his Mind that he could by no means drive it out of his thoughts He lived free for three Weeks but then falling into a Fever was pepper'd with the Small Pox. HISTORY VI. A Certain Apothecary that was a strong Man about Thirty Years of Age going into a Citizens House when he found and saw of a suddain his Patient all over covered with the Small Pox upon his Face he trembled a little at the sight of so much deformity and so departed A little after to drive the Whimsey out of his Head he drank very hard nevertheless all he could do could not put that Fancy out of his thoughts which the sight of such an Object had imprinted in his Mind though he were otherwise a Man of an undaunted Courage So that the sixth day a Fever seized him with an extream Heaviness a restless sleep and a kind of slight Delirium which after twice taking of a Sudorific Decoction was attended with the red Spots that usually fore-run the Small Pox which within the space of twenty four hours came forth very thick upon which eruption the Fever and all the Symptoms vanished and the Patient being restor'd to his Health went abroad again in three weeks ANNOTATIONS I would not advise any Persons that are timorous to come near those that are Sick of the Pestilence or Small Pox for if the Sight of one that lay Ill of the Small Pox could move a Man of that courage as this Apothecary was how much more would it have affected a timorous Person now it may be questioned whether this Apothecary might not be touched with any Infection or whether he might not contract the Distemper from some other cause Now that there could not be any thing of Contagion appears from hence that the same Person was of such an undaunted Spirit that he Visited at other times several Persons that had lay Sick of the same Distemper without any prejudice and therefore the cause seems rather to be that suddain conturbation of his Mind and Spirits with which he was stricken upon the unexpected Sight of this same Sick Person and which continually ran in his thoughts from which Idea such a disposition arose in his Body which at length produced the Small Pox. Now if any man can more clearly unfold how such an Accident should happen he shall be my great Apollo HISTORY VII A Young Maid of two and twenty Years of Age full body'd fresh colour'd and somewhat fat being seized with a mild Fever besides extream Heaviness and some sleight interveneing Deliriums suffered under frequent and strong Epileptic Convulsions and very terrible swooning Fits so that the standers by thought she had been troubled with the Mother and that she would presently dye I being sent for when I understood that she had had her Monthly Evacuations eight days before loosened her Belly with a Glyster and the same day order'd her to be let blood in the Arm about the Evening I gave her this Sudorific â„ž Theriac Androm Ê’ j. Harts-horn burnt Extract of Carduus Benedictus Salt of the same an ℈ j. treacle-Treacle-water and carduus-Carduus-water an â„¥ j. Oyl of Amber three drops Mix them for one draught Having taken this she sweat soundly that Night with great relief neither did her swooning Fits nor her Convulsions return The next day the red Spots fore-runners of the Small Pox began to appear up and down all over her Body Thereupon we gave her this Decoction to drink â„ž Elecampane Root Licorice sliced an Ê’ iij. Barley cleansed â„¥ j. Red Vetches â„¥ j. s. Fennel Seed Ê’ij Figs no. xvj Raisins stoned â„¥ j. s. Water q. s. Make a Decoction to two Pints Upon this the Small Pox broke out very thick and all the Symptoms presently ceasing with the Fever she was restored to her health in four Weeks and as it were rescu'd from the Jaws of Death went abroad again about her business ANNOTATIONS IN this Disease such Epileptic Convulsions and Swoonings are very band presages and unless the Small Pox appears very quickly the greatest danger is to be feared for that they may be easily the Death of the Patient before the Pox break forth Nor is it any wonder in regard this malignant Mischeif grievously effects the Heart as appears by the Fever the Swoonings and the heaviness of the Mind and therefore greater danger is to be expected if the Brain the Primary Bowel of Life be equally afflicted HISTORY VIII RUtger Schorer a Lad of Fourteen Years of Age and Eldest Son of Isaac Schorer a Lodger of mine was taken in September with a Fever and Small Pox and had them very thick when he began to grow well about the fourteenth day his Brother Isaac Schorer was taken in the same manner When he had lain sixteen days his Sister Mary Schorer about Ten Years of Age fell sick of the same Distemper and when she was pretty well at the fourteenth day the other and Youngest Daughter Maud Schorer had the Small Pox come out very thick upon her In the mean time the two Sons that were first seiz'd were recovered and went abroad But when the Youngest Sister Maud Schorer had kept her Bed about twenty days Rutger Schorer was taken again with a Fever and the Small Pox and he being recovered Isaac Schorer took his Bed again upon the same account and being almost cured Mary Schorer was taken a second time and the third week after Maud Schorer was again seized as the rest had been And as the first time the Disease had descended in order from the Eldest to the Youngest so likewise in so short a space of time it observed the same order a second time and yet two at once were never seiz'd with the Disease And which is to be wondered at all these four were so little prejudiced by the Distemper that not one of them happened to be disfigured in the Face either with Pits or Scars which is in great part to be attributed to the great care which we took in the Cure in regard we were all of one Family so that we had the opportunity to see them every hour ANNOTATIONS THe Small Pox seldom seize the same Person twice or thrice for that generally upon the first seizure all that Specific Malignant Contamination inherent in the Blood and several Parts being seperated by the Fermentaceous Ebullition is quite expelled which Effervescency if it be not strong enough
Years of Age finding her self not well ordered me to be sent for She had a slight Fever and complained of Melancholly at her Heart which caused her frequently to sigh and heaviness of her Head with an inclination to sleep Now in regard the Small Pox was then very rife I had presently a suspition of her Distemper Thereupon when she told me that she had been at Stool that day and that it was a good while before her Monthly Period would be up presently I let her Blood in the Arm and took away eight Ounces of Blood for she was Plethoric after which she found her self as she said somewhat better Ten hours after Blood-letting certain red Spots began to appear upon her Breasts and Hands but few and small Thereupon about the Evening I prescribed her this Diaphoretic â„ž Treacle of Andromachus Diascordium of Fracastorius an Ê’ s. Salt of Wormwood Confection of Hyaciâ—…th an ℈ j. Treacle-water and VVater of Carduus Benedict an â„¥ j. Mix them for a draught When this had caused her to Sweat moderately all Night the next day the Pustles came forth higher and the Fever together with the anxiety vanished altogether Thereupon we gave her a Decoction of Figs in Ale to drink and thus in a few days she reovered with these few Remedies not having had above three or four in her Face and very few upon the rest of her Body ANNOTATIONS WHat is to be thought of Blood-letting in this Disease and when it is to be made use of we have sufficiently Explained cap. 8. And I have particularly observed that if in Plethorics it be timely made use of before any Eruption of the Small Pox then it comes forth more easily and not so thick and the Patient recovers sooner And therefore when you meet with Young Girls that are nice of their Beauty I think it very beneficial to let Blood in time seeing that then fewer and lesser Pox come out in the Face But because the Physitian is seldom sent for till the Pox begin to come forth hence it is that Blood-letting cannot be made use of HISTORY XII A Little Son of Nicholas ab Harvelt began to grow ill in August but in regard that I was sent for at the beginning and had presently a suspicion of the Small Pox I gave him a little Treacle-water with a little Bezoar-stone and Saffron for the Child was not above three Years old and other ungrateful Tastes would not have gone down and to preserve his Eyes I ordered his Eye-lids to be anointed with Saffron mixed with Womans Milk The Aunt who had the care of the Child in my absence mixes a greater quantity then is usual with the Milk and not only anointed his Eyes but all his Face twice a day Which caus'd a strange Disfigurement of the Child whose Face was all over yellow with the Saffron In the mean while the Child sweat very well and still took now and then three spoonfuls of treacle-Treacle-water which preserved him in a moderate heat and drank for his drink the simple Decoction of Figs. The next day some very small Spots began to appear here and there upon his Skin but the third day the Small Pox came out very thick over all his Body except his Face where none at all nor the least sign of any were to be seen yet the Child was never the worse in regard they came out so thick over all the rest of his Body The Fever then went off and so the Child was perfectly recovered without having his Face so much as touched ANNOTATIONS The Saffron gently astringent repels and drys but whether being outwardly applied it hinders the coming out of the Pox or whether through any other Specific and occult quality it has that effect I am uncertain and much question But we saw the effect of it not only in this Child but also in three or four more For the Childs Aunt when she had told what had happened up and down to other Women there were several that would needs try the Experiment with the same good success And whether it will have the same success always at other times when occasion offers we shall try our selves HISTORY XIII THE most Noble the Lady Lucas an English Woman bred up in her House a Young Lady her Brothers daughter about six or seven Years of Age So soon as she began to be Fevourish anxious and drosie by my advice she had given her a little Powder Liberans Harts-horn burnt Bezoar-stone and Saffron with an ounce of Treacle-water which caused her to Sweat well with some ease For her drink she drank the Decoction of raw Harts-horn as it is prepared for Gellies and frequently the simple Decoction of Figs In the mean time the Lady Lucas every day twice or thrice washed the Face of our Patient with that same sort of cinnamon-Cinnamon-water which our Apothecaries generally sell which is made of Cinnamon distilled in borrage-Borrage-water and diligently kept the Young Lady in a continual breathing heat The second day toward Evening the red Spots began to appear the third day the Small Pox came out very thick every where except upon her Face where there was not one to be seen So that the Lady continued the Lotion of the Childs face for some days In the mean while the Fever going off our Patient was perfectly cured without the least Sign of the Small Pox upon her Face ANNOTATIONS THe same Lady gave the same advice also to the Lady Couper who having washed the Faces of three of her Children that lay Sick of the Small Pox with cinnamon-Cinnamon-water not one of them had any Sign of them in their Faces Whether the same success will always attend upon others will be manifest by the frequent Tryal upon others In the mean time it is to be considered whether upon hindering the Small Pox from breaking out in the Face there may not be some danger least the Menixe's and Brain should receive some prejudice HISTORY XIV THE Lady Ruchabor about twenty four Years of Age so Beautiful that she was the Admiration of many in the Month of August was taken with a Fever and the Small Pox so that her Head was wonderfully swell'd when she had made use of several Remedies by my Advice and the Small Pox came out very thick over all her Body and had pepper'd her Face at length after the Fever went off and that the Swelling of her Head was quite fallen I ordered her Face to be frequently fomented with Mutton Broth. But she not contented with that to preserve her Beauty by the advice of some Ignorant Women caused the ripe Pustles to be opened with a Golden Needle and the Matter to be squeezed out but mark the Event she that perswaded her self she should have no Pits when she recovered had her Face so disfigured with Scars and Pits that of one that was most Beautiful she became very deformed and a Thousand times bewayl'd that Foolish act of pricking the Wheals ANNOTATIONS
which the Fever was almost gone off with a great part of his heaviness I ordered them to keep him in a Breathing Sweat for three or four days and to be sure not to let him take Cold. ANNOTATIONS I Expected this Body should have had the Small Pox but the Measles came forth of which the first Cure is the same with the Small Pox. New Sheeps-dung with equal Efficacy expels both the one and the other and therefore in both cases is very advantageously administer'd especially in those places where other things are not to be had some there are who prefer Horse-dung administer'd after the same manner before it But that Sheeps-dung is much more prevalent the Savour tells in which we find there is much more Salt of Niter or some more specific Diaphoretic Salt HISTORY XVIII A Young Man of twenty four Years of Age strong and Plethoric after his violent Exercises of Tennis and Fencing and hard drinking of Wine between while fell into a violent Fever accompany'd with great thirst dryness of the Mouth and extream Anxiety and restlessness with other very bad Symptoms This Young Man we order'd first to be let Blood and then prescribed him a Glister together with Julips cooling Apozems and Electuarys to quench his thirst The third day he was Purged with an Infusion of Senna-Leaves and Rhubarb mixt with Electuary Diaprunum which gave him six Stools but the heat remaining together with the Fever he was let Blood again the fourth day The fifth day he continued the use of his Julips Apozems and cooling Electuary The Night succeeding the sixth day he was so very heavy and drowsie that there was little hopes of his Life and we thought he would have dyed The seventh day the Measles came out all over his Body by way of Crisis Then the Fever and all the pressing Symptoms somewhat remitted so that the Patient slept a little the next Night but by the two next days both Fever and Symptoms were quite gone off by degrees The tenth day the Measles began to lessen and upon the twelsth quite vanished And thus the Patient who seemed to be at Deaths Dore contrary to the Expectation of many was restored to his former Health ANNOTATIONS THE beginning of the Disease was such that no Man could well have any suspition of the Measles and therefore the Patient was dealt with by us as labouring under a Burning Fever which Fever at length you see ended nevertheless in a Critical Evacuation of the Measles HISTORY XIX A Strong Young Man was seized by a Violent Fever accompany'd with a thick weak and unequal Pulse an Extream Anxiety heavy Pain his Head drowsiness restless sleep and a slight kind of Delirium I would willingly have let him Blood but because he would not permit me I gave him the following Sudorific toward the Evening ℞ Treacle ℈ ij Diascordium of Fracastorius ℈ i. s. Confectio Alkermes Extract of Carduus Benedictus Salt of VVormwood an ℈ j. of our Treacle Water Carduus VVater an ℥ j. mix them for a Draught Though upon this he Sweat very well yet finding the Disease to continue in the same State the next day he took the same Sudorific again and Sweat very well but then the red Spots that fore-run the Small Pox began to appear up and down in the Skin Nevertheless the Fever and other Symptoms seemed to be somewhat abated yet did not go off Therefore I ordered the Patient to be kept in a gentle breathing heat and that he should take a Draught of the following Decoction luke-warm several times a day ℞ Red Vetches ℥ j. s. Barley cleansed ℥ j. Scabious one handful s. fat Figgs no. XVI Raisins Stoned ℥ ij VVater q. s. make a Decoction to two Pints By this means the Small Pox came forth every where very thick and rose very high the Fever and Anxiety still continuing so that the Patient seemed to be in great danger of his Life For which reason I thought it necessary to give him the former Sudorific again puting him into somewhat a greater Sweat and the Decoction of Figgs being continued over and above for two days the seventh day contrary to all expectation the Measles came out over the whole Body between the Small Pox and then the Fever and other Symptoms abated very much and by degrees went off all together and the Patient being happily recovered the fourth week from the beginning of the Disease went abroad again ANNOTATIONS I Do not remember that ever I saw this Accident above twice or thrice in all my Practice that is to say that the Small Pox and Measles should come both together However by this Observation it appears that although both these Diseases in respect of Infection have somewhat in common yet in respect of the Subject to which that Infection adheres there is something of difference and distinction between them Otherwise what should be the reason that in this Patient the whole Infection should not be Evacuated with the Expulsion of the Small Pox Then again it is to be admir'd that why the Measles adhering to the more suttle and thinner Matter did not break out first seeing that the thinner Matter is quicker in coming forth than the thicker HISTORY XX. A Noble Batavian was seized by a Fever accompany'd with a strong Pulse but very unequal an extream Anxiety Thirst restlessness a slight Delirium and some little convulsive Motions of the Extream Parts Having loosned his Belly with a Glister I ordered him to be let Blood Toward Evening having taken a Sudorific he Sweat very much but the Disease remaining in the same State the next day the Sudorific was repeated he Sweat very well All this while the Symptoms nothing abated but the Patient began to complain of a Pricking in his Skin quite all over his Body Soon after it was observed that great red Spots appeared in his Skin some as broad as a Dollar some half a Hands breath some more some less which seemed to be all fiery sown all over with little risings like Millet Seeds These Spots in a days time closed all together and spread themselves all over the Body So that it was all over of a red florid Colour In the mean time the Fever and Symptoms abated Three days after that general redness abated also and the Spots returned to be as they were when they first appeared and so within three days vanished quite away and so the Patient after the Skin of his Body was all peeled off was restored to perfect Health ANNOTATIONS THis Distemper which Forestus calls Purpurae or the Purples is very near akin to the Measles and the Cure of both is almost the same only the Subject to which this Infection adheres is hotter then that of the Measles but it is as easily dissipated nor are those little Pustles suppurated but dissipated by heat MEDICINAL OBSERVATIONS AND CURES OF Isbrand de Diemerbroeck OBSERVATION I. An Inflammation of the Lungs MOnsieur La Fontaine a
two handfuls Seeds of Lettice Parsley Dill an Ê’ij Fat Figs. noÌ„ vij new Milk and Water an 〈◊〉 ij boyl them to the Consumption of the third part then strain them After he had used this Apozem two days he voided every day much viscous and tough Matter together with his Urin and after he had made use of two of these Decoctions he was quite freed from his troublesome Distemper ANNOTATIONS THere are various Causes of the difficulty of making water Inflammation Imposthume Stone in the Bladder the Flesh grown over a cold Distemper of the Bladder and Sphincter thick and viscous humors either mixed with Urine or sticking close to the Bladder and it's Sphincter with several others of the same Nature of which the two latter are the most frequent But all in particular do not only cause a difficulty of Urine but sometimes absolutely stop the Urine as it happened to the Boy before mentioned which they who cut off the Stone had viewed and thought he had the Stone and judged him to be cut But I believing his Distemper arose not from the Stone but from a thick and tenacious Flegm that stopped up the Bladder and the passage of it as I had observed had frequently happened to younger Children rather chose to begin the Cure with attenuating lenifying and Diuretic Medicaments seeing that many times such Medicaments expel little stones also But in this case when Children cannot swallow ungrateful Medicines I have known flowers oâ—… Camomil boyl'd in new Milk with Figsâ—… do a great deal of good especially iâ—… after the boiling and the straining the said Flowers be lay'd to hot to the Region of the Hair and the Decoction at the same time given to drink Forestus in the same case commends Pellitory and Chervil boiled and applied hot to the Region of the Hair with Butter and Oyl of Scorpions Mercurialis applauds Garlick bruised and applied to the Bladder Amatus of Portugal extols a Turnep hollow'd and fill'd with Oyl of Dill and then roasted in the Embers afterwards bruised and laid on OBSERVATION VIII Suppression of the Courses JOan Elberty a strong Maid of about twenty four Years of Age complained that her Purgations had stopped for four Months so that she was in a very bad Condition tortured with pains in her left side and Head sometimes troubled with Suffocations and her Stomach quite gone After I had ordered her an attenuating and heating Diet and forbid her all things that generate tough and viscous Humours the sixth of Ianuary I Purged her with Electuary of Hiera Picra then I prescribed her this Apozem to drink three times a day â„ž Roots of Lovage Master-wort Fennel stone Parsley Valerian an â„¥ s. Sassafrass-wood Ê’iij Nep Mag-wort Peny-royal white-Mint Fever-few an one handful Flowers of Camomil half a handful Seeds of Lovage wild Carrots Gith an Ê’ij Laurel Berry Ê’j s. Tartar of Rhenish-wine Ê’vj stoned Raisins â„¥ ij common Water q. s. boyl these for an Apozem of two pints The 11th of Ianuary I Purged her again with an Infusion of the Flowers of Senna and Agaric with a mixture of Hiera Picra The next day I prescribed her another Apozem to drink like the former â„ž Root of Master-wort â„¥ j. of Elecampane Valerian Parsley an â„¥ s. Dittany round Birth-wort an Ê’iij Mug-wort Nep Savio Foverifew Rue Peny-Royal an one handful Southernwood Flowers of Camomil an one handful Seeds of Parsley Gith Lovage wild Carrots an Ê’j s. red Vetches â„¥ j. s. common Salt and White-wine an equal parts make an Apozem for two pints Fourteenth of Ianuary I prescribed her this Electuary of which she was to take the quantity of a Filberd before she drank of her Apozem â„ž Specier Diacurcume Cremor Tartar Trochists of Myrrh Hoglice prepared Steel prepared an Ê’j seeds of Parsley Nep Venetian Borax an Ê’ s. Salt Prunella Eastern Saffron an ℈ j. reduce all these into a very fine Powder to which add Oyl of Iuniper Amber an ℈ j. of Dill drops vij Electuary of Hiera Picra â„¥ s. Syrup of preserved Elecampane Roots q. s. make an Electuary Moreover because she felt a hardness at the bottom of her Belly about her Navel I prescribed this Sere-cloth â„ž Gum Opoponax Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar Emplaster de Cumino of Melilot an Ê’ij of Castor Pulverized Ê’j mix them and make them into a Roll to be spread q. s. upon red Leather The nineteenth of Ianuary she was let Blood in the Saphena Vein of the left Foot and bled indifferent well The last Apozem was repeated again which she took together with her Electuary till the twenty eight of Ianuary at what time her courses came down very copious after that she was very well in Health ANNOTATIONS A Long suppression of the Courses is oft-times the Cause of very great Distempers For from hence arise Suffocations of the Matrix and the pale Colours of Virgins hence Palpitations of the Heart Vertigo's terrible pains in the Head Joynts Back and Loyns Fevers Swooning Fits Coughs difficult breathing Cholic and Nepheretic pains and lastly the evil continuing long Melancholy Passions swelling of the Bowels and Dropsies Therefore the Cure is not to be delay'd for the longer the Courses stop with so much the more difficulty are they provoked to come down The Cause of this Distemper is the Narrowness of the Vessels of the Womb which again are accompanied with several other Causes as Obstruction Constipation Coalescence or growing together Compression and Settlement But the most frequent Cause is an obstruction occasioned by thick and viscous humors Which thickness and viscousness is either in the Blood it self when it is too cold or viscous or else when Excrementitious Flegmatic and Melancholy Humors are mixd with the good Blood and with that good Blood carried to the Veins of the Womb where they cause the Oppelation But this Obstruction and Viscousness of the Humors as it is more or less or has been of longer or shorter Continuance so the Cure is performed by gentler or more violent Medicaments with more ease or more difficulty But in the Cure of our Patient we were forced to use the stronger Medicaments as well in regard of the cold season of the Year as the greatness of the Obstruction For she was wont to eat green Fruit and course Meats that beget a viscous and cold Nourishment which had gathered together a great quantity of the thick and crude Humors OBSERVATION IX An incurable Hoarsness A Holland Boor in a quarrel between Carters had received a wound with a Knife in the right side of his Neck near his Throat The wound was soon cured by a Chyrurgeon After some Months he came to me to prescribe him something for an Extraordinary hoarsness with which he began to be troubled so soon as he had received the wound and which the Physitian who had had him in Cure together with the Chyrugeon could no way remove with all the Looches Lozenges and Decoctions which they
abated and much of the watry Corruption run out of the Wound Within two days after the Swelling of his Leg palpably fell and returned to its natural Colour and threw out the Corruption well concocted and so being dressed as it ought to be the Cure was easily compleated ANNOTATIONS THings put into a Wound that ought not to be are utter Enemies to Nature endeavouring Consolidation especially if they compress any nervous Body Membrane or Tendon or the Periosteum Hence terrible Pains Tumors Inflammations and other Mischiefs proceed and therefore all such things as are foreign to Nature are to be taken away as Paraeus Pigius and other Chyrurgeons tell us Thus hard and thick Tents which inwardly offend and distend the Wound or else stop it quite up or compress the Nerves Membranes or Periostea are not to be thrust into Wounds as being those things that hinder the Operation of Nature Suppuration Erection of the Matter and Consolidation and beget Pains Inflammations and other Mischiefs Thus we have seen by the Ignorance of Chyrurgeons some Men tormented with Pains others thrown into Fevers Syncope Convulsions Mortifications and Gangrenes As it had like to have befallen our Patient who beside other ill Simptoms was very near a Gangrene and had it not been in time prevented upon the Approach of the Mortification he had hazarded the loss of his Limbs or his Life Hence Felix Wirtius in Wounds of the Hands and Joynts rejects the Use of Tents which Opinion Hildan refutes who says that Tents are necessary in the nervous Parts to keep the upper Lips of the Wound open and give passage for the Corruption By which Doctrine it appears that he praises those Tents which do not offend the inner Part of the Wound but only keep the upper Parts open But the Chyrurgeon as to our Patient had committed a great Error in this very Particular for he had distended the inner Parts of the Wound with a thick and hard Tent and had compress'd the Periosteum and prevented the Concoction and Efflux of the Corruption OBSERVATION XVI Suppression of Urine THE Wife of Gerrard Anthony a Taylor had layn in in May and in three days after she was brought to Bed had not made Water which was an extraordinary Pain to her and had brought her so low that she could hardly speak The Mid-wife declared that she was very well laid but that presently after her Evacuations were stopp'd that something hard was to be felt on the other side in the lower part of her Belly Hence I guessed that there was some Superfoetation or Mole which remain'd behind For the Cure of which and to provoke her Urine and Purgations withal I prescribed this Apozeme â„ž The Roots of Stone Parsly Masterwort Valerian Sea-holly Cammock an â„¥ s. Round Birthwort sliced Licorice an Ê’ij Leaves of black Ribs Mâ—…gwort Peny-Royal Water-Nasturtium an one Handful Water-Parsly with the Whose two Handfuls Savine Flowers of Camomil an half a Handful White-wine q. s. Boil them for an Apozeme to a Pint and a half â„ž Of the said Apozeme Ê’iij Oyl of Amber distilled by descent Drops xx Make a Draught This she took hot the first time This she took after three hours again upon which several Motions of Child-bearing supervening she brought forth a round Mole about the bigness of a Childs Head which had the perfect Eyes of a Man This being thus luckily expell'd her Urine and Purgations followed and she was presently delivered from the imminent danger she was in ANNOTATIONS MOles are of different kinds some within others without the Birth some very dangerous and troublesome to the Woman others less hazardous some without any Form others resembling some Shape or other some having Life others without Life Sometimes they presage something of Good for though they do not hinder the Birth yet they are very prejudicial both to the Birth and the Mother Which our Patient confirmed by her own Example who had certainly dy'd had not the Mole expell'd by Medicaments made way for her Urine and Purgations OBSERVATION XVII A Dysentery GErard Vossius our Neighbour had been troubled with a Dysentery for some days he was miserably tormented with cruel Pains in the Guts and many times he voided Excrements that were all bloody and mix'd with a tenacious Slime he slept not at all his Stomac was gone he was very thirsty and he had a Fever which though not vehement yet was continual Though the young an were not above thirty years of Age and very strong yet he was brought so low by these Mischiefs that in a few days he was reduced to an extream Imbecility The sixth of February I gave him the following Purge which brought away much Choleric Matter â„ž The best Rhubarb somewhat burnt Ê’ij Mirobans Indian Citrine an Ê’j Leaves of Senna cleansed Ê’iij Aniâ—…eseed Ê’j White Poppy Ê’ij Plantain Water q. s. Let them boil for half an hour Add to the Straining Elect. Diaphanicon Ê’j s. Mix them for a Draught In the Evening after his Purging I gave him this Bolus â„ž Terra Sigillata Nicholas's rest an ℈ j. Mithridate Damoc. ℈ ij Mix them for a Bolus The next day the following Apozeme was prepared of which he took three times a day and once at mid-night â„ž Barley cleansed â„¥ j. Roots of Snake-weed Tormentil Pomegranate Rinds an â„¥ s. Leaves of Oak Plantane Sanicle Pimpernel Great Sanicle Snake-weed an one Handful Seed of small Roses Ê’vj Heads of white Poppies noiij Raisins with the Stones â„¥ v. Common Water 〈◊〉 iiij Boil them to the Consumption of the half for an Apozeme In the Hours intervening he took often in a day a small quantity of this Electuary â„ž Nutmegs Trochischs of Terra Sigillata an Ê’s Harts-horn burnt red Coral prepar'd Lapis Hematitis Mastich an ℈ j. To these being pulverized add Conserve of Red Roses â„¥ j. s. Miv. ciâ—…on Rob. Acaciae an Ê’iij Nicholas's Rest Ê’j s. Syrrup of sower Pomegranates q. s. Mix them for a Conditement I ordered him to bear with his Thirst as much as he could which he the more ready yielded to in regard that after drinking especially of Ale he found himself most cruelly griped and therefore instead of Ale I prescribed him this Amygdalate for his usual Drink â„ž Barly cleansed â„¥ j. s. Seed of the smallest Roses â„¥ j. Of white 〈◊〉 Plantain and Lettice an â„¥ s. Common Water 〈◊〉 iij. boil them to the Consumption of the Half â„ž The Straining aforesaid sweet Almonds blanâ—…h'd â„¥ v. white Poppy Seed Ê’iij The four greater Colt-seeds Ê’j s. Make an Amygdalate according to Art to which add Syrup of Poppies â„¥ j. Of Red Roses Ê’j s. The ninth of February I gave him ℈ iiij of Rhubarb a little burnt and powdered in a little Ale the tenth and thirteenth I repeated the Apozeme and the twelfth the Conditement And thus by the use of these Medicines the Flux ceasing the Patient regain'd his Health by degrees and by the help of convenient
effect when she was despaired of and nothing but Death expected at length by taking Oyl of Vitriol given in Ale she was recovered in a short time The same thing happened to Margaret Dobre the Daughter of the Marshal of Montfort and several others Therefore it is not without reason that the Chymists cry up this Oyl so highly as they do Concerning which and the Oyl of Sulphur Mindererus thus writes There is no Corruption the Strength of which they do not break no Infection which they do not overcome no depravation of Humors which is not vanquished by them OBSERVATION XXII A Burning PEter Abstee going to shoot off a Musquet by chance the Breech of the Gun broke and though the Splinters of the Iron did him no harm yet his Face was all over burnt with the Flame of the Powder and several of the Corns of Powder stuck in his Skin The Corns being presently pick'd out we apply'd to his Eyes Linnen Rags doubled and dipp'd in very Salt Butter and over his Face we lay'd raw Turneps bruis'd in a Mortar with Salt Butter which we chang'd thrice the first day and once the next night This Cataplasm drew out the Fire remarkably nor did any Blister rise upon his Eye-brows which the Butter had prevented so that after one or two Anointings afterwards with Oyntment of Roses and Pomatum he was perfectly cured ANNOTATIONS IN a Burn the greatest Care to be taken is to fetch out the Fire and to prevent the rising of Pustles and Blisters for the effecting of which various Remedies are commended In a slight Burn the Cure is perfected by holding the Part which is hurt to the Fire or by putting it into hot Water or Water as hot as you are able to endure it But Burns of more Concernment raw Turneps beaten with Salt are a most certain Remedy by which I have done strange things in very terrible Burns Common People says Pareus find by Experience that the Heat of the Part slightly burnt vanishes and the Pain ceases if they hold the Part affected to the Flame of a Candle or to quick burning Coals for Similitude causes Attraction Therefore the outward Fire draws out the inner and so Fire becomes the Cure of the Mischief which it caused It is also a try'd Remedy and easie to be had if presently after the Burn you clap raw Turneps bruised with Salt to the part aggrieved Nevertheless Hildan says that Turneps do not agree with Burns in the Face because they prejudice the Eyes which would be true if the Turneps were put into the Eyes or if the Eyes before the Application were not guarded with other things which we think is best done with Linnen Rags four doubled and dipp'd in very salt Butter for that the Salt Butter draws out the Fire by reason of the Salt and by its fatness lenifies and guards the Eye-lids But distill'd Waters are far less convenient as are also Woman's Milk or Whites of Eggs or any such like things which are presently dry'd up and stick so close to the Part affected that they can hardly be pull'd off without excoriation In Burns of the Face Hildan rather uses this Oyntment â„ž Venetian Soap â„¥ j. Oyl of Sweet Almonds and Roses an â„¥ s. Mâ—…scilage of the Seeds of Quinces extracted with rose-Rose-water a small quantity Mix them for an Oyntment In other Parts he writes the following Oyntment powerfully draws out the Fire â„ž Raw Turneps â„¥ j. s. Salt Venice Soap an â„¥ s. Mix them in a Mortar and make an Oyntment with Oyl of Roses and Almonds Besides these there are many other things which powerfully draw out the Fire Among the rest Writing-Ink as we have already shewed and Pickle Linnen Rags being dipped therein as also Lime-water do the same Concerning Pickle or Brine Lemnius thus writes Pickle or Brine by a present and peculiar force draws the Fire out of Burns and asswages the most intense Pains whether the Burns be of Gun-powder or the Scaldings of Oyl Pitch Scalding-water or fiery Coals especially if the Parts affected be but fomented with a Rag dipped in the Pickle this is confirmed by Matthias Pactzerus Butter also mixed with a great deal of powder'd Salt and laid upon the Scald does Wonders But these things are to be used at the beginning before the Wheals and Blisters rise and that there be any Excoriation else these things are not so proper but the Cure must be ordered another way OBSERVATION XXIII The Tooth-Ach COrnelia Iacobi a strong Woman was troubled with a terrible Pain in the Teeth together with a Pain in half her Head whereupon I gave her this Vomit â„ž Glass of Antimony powder'd gr xii White-wine â„¥ v. Let them sleep all Night in the Morning filter the Wine through a Sheet of brown Paper and give it for one Draught This brought up Choleric Flegmatic and tough Matter in abundance and besides she had some Stools the next Night she slept well the Pain of her Teeth ceased and she never had it more OBSERVATION XXIV The Gallic Fever Epidemic IN the Year 1635 the Summer was extream hot and dry at what time the King of France's Army being joyned with ours besieg'd Lovain where the Souldiers were in great want of all things especially of Bread and Water and for that reason they fed upon the Fruits of the Season unripe and crude Flesh newly kill'd and never salted without Bread and other Food that bred ill Nourishment so that at length almost consumed with Hunger and Thirst they raised their Siege and by reason that Schenk-Fort was at that time betray'd into the Spaniards Hands they were forced to come into our Country Hither when they came besides our own the greatest part of the French Foot quartered for some time at Nimeghen where I liv'd at that time and began to practise and among those Souldiers a certain Pestilent and Malignant Fever began to be very rife some few days before their coming to the Town Here the Souldiers overjoy'd found Plenty of all things and were well refresh'd but within a few days this malignant Fever swept away great Numbers of the whole Army more especially of the French for not to reckon our own within two or three months this dire contagion laid in their Graves at least three thousand of the French at Nimeghen nor did it rage less in the Camp before Schenk Sconce and in other places it made the same Destruction both of our own and the French Souldiers and from them the Infection spread it self among the Citizens and Inhabitants at Nimeghen where above a thousand were devoured by the Earth in a few months Nor was the Havock less among the Inhabitants of the adjoyning Cities nay it penetrated even into the very Heart of our Country Now because this Fever first infected the French and afterward the rest it was generally called the French Fever and by many also the Gallic Disease There is not a small Contagion in this Disease which
very heartily to the Company about her pale Death came and interrupted her Discourse ANNOTATIONS THIS Rupture was so narrow that it was a wonder how the Intestine could fall through it it being almost impossible to put it back as it was of it self and empty through so narrow a Passage much less distended with Wind. Such a narrow Rupture I once saw before in one that was opened Wherefore they do very ill who endeavour to force back the Guts through such narrow passages like your strolling Hang-men of Mountebanks for that by such a force the Gut may be sooner broken then reduced both Reason and Experience teach us Bursten Guts therefore must be gently handled and first we must endeavour with Cataplasms Fomentations and other proper Topics to dispel the Wind and drive it back and then without any violence to attempt the reducing of the Gut which if they will not do there is no way but dilatation of the Peritonaeum OBSERVATION XL. Difficulty of Urine GErard Driessem a Merchant about fifty Years of Age was troubled with a difficulty of Urine so that his Urine did not only drizzle from him with great difficulty and Pain but also very often came not forth at all The cause was a certain viscous and tenacious Slime which at times falling down in great quantity to the Bladder did so besiege the Sphincter that it stopped both it's own and the passage of the Urine This Slime descending through the passage of the Yard and coming forth was tough and many times might be drawn out in ropes with the Fingers many times it stuck so obstinately to the passage that there was a necessity of loosening it and drawing it forth with a long Silver-Headed-Bodkin this Malady had been familiar to him for many Years and sometimes seized him three four and five times a Year and between the Intervals he voided a great quantity of slimy Flegm many noted Physitians had used several Remedies for the cure of this Malady but all in vain which Physitians vary'd in their opinions concerning the cause and generation of that same tough and slimy Flegm as also about the place from whence it descended so Periodically In the mean while the Patient could neither be cured by others nor by my self The Malady therefore increasing he found the greatest benefit and ease by the following Potion which he took very often and by means of which his Pains were mitigated and his Urine provoked and because it rendered the Urinary Passages Slippery he voided that thick and viscous Flegm more commodiously with more ease and less Pain and in greater quantity â„ž Oyl of sweet Almonds â„¥ j. s. the best Malmsey-wine â„¥ ij Iuice of Pome-Citron newly pressed â„¥ s. mix them for a Potion ANNOTATIONS SEnnertus among other Causes of a Dysury reckons up one not much different from that already rehearsed Many times saith he a white and as it were a milkie Matter is copiously voided with the Urine and causes a heat in making Water which is sometimes voided in so great a quantity that where it settles it fills up half the Chamber-pot and such a voiding of Water many times continues very long Concerning its Generation I have known several varieties of Opinions and that some have taken it for a mattery Substance bred in the Kidneys But if the whole Kidneys should be dissolved into Matter it could not amount to so great a quantity as is sometimes voided every day for several Weeks together My Opinion is that this matter proceeds from Crudity and vitious Concoction first of the Stomach then because the Error of the first Concoction cannot be mended in the second of the Liver where the Chylus and afterwards the Blood is left raw and uncleansed from the Salt and tartarous Parts which ought to be separated in the first Concoction which being afterwards attracted by the Kidneys and transmitted to the Bladder cause Pain in making water especially toward the end while something of the said Matter sticks pertinaciously to the Neck of the Bladder and the Extremity of the Urinary Passage For the Cure of this Malady there are many things very prevalent which temper and dulcifie the Acrimony and render the Urinary Passages slippery to afford a freer Passage for the thicker Matter as Oyl of sweet Almonds newly extracted which is very useful in this case Malmsie-wine the drinking of which alone as Sennertus writes cured a certain Person that was troubled with a terrible Dysury The Decoction of Cammomil-flowers in Cows Milk with which Forestus writes he knew an old Man cured Or that Decoction with which we cured a Child Ob. 7. Also the Decoction of Marsh-mallows Mallows Figs Licorice and the like Fernelius's Syrup of Althea more especially Turpentine mix'd with Sugar and swallowed in a Bolus which cuts the thick Humors attenuates cleanses expels softens and mollifies the Passages OBSERVATION XLI Spitting of Blood MOnsieur Ioannes a Priest of Craneburgh in the Year 1636. February the 16th sent me this Letter Doctor THE Fame of your Knowledg and Experience haâ—… over-rul'd me to desire your Advice in my Distemper For a long time a violent Cough has troubled me which will hardly permit me to rest moreover about a Month since this Cough was accompanied with a spitting of frothy Blood which ever since I have continually spit sometimes in a less sometimes greater quantity which Spitting is very troublesome to me I have lost my Stomach so that I can eat nothing unless it be some small Trifle mix'd with Vinegar or some other Acid. If you have any proper Remedy I beg you to impart it to us Your most Devoted Ioannes Sacerdos The same day I sent him this Answer Reverend Sir I Received your Letter to which according to the shortness of the time I send you this short Answer you have been long troubled with a sharp and salt Defluction upon your Lungs from whence your vehement and continued Cough has derived it self At length some Vein of the Lungs being opened by the great quantity of distilling Humors or broken by the force of the Cough pours out that Blood which you spit out frothy from your Lungs This Malady cannot be cured unless the descent of the Catarhs be prevented and the Cough allay'd to which purpose I have here sent you some Remedies First seven Pills to take to morrow Morning which will gently purge you Secondly A Conditement of which you are to take after you have purged the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning Noon and Night for several days together Thirdly A Looch to lick when your Cough afflicts you Fourthly Lozenges to let melt in your Mouth as often as you please as well in the Day as Night-time To these four I have added a little Bag what is in it you must put in a new earthen Pipkin and heat it over the Fire without any Moisture then put it into the Bag again and lay it to your Head as hot as you can endure it letting it lye
laid bare at that time we could perceive nothing for the Blood but the next day we discovered two apparent Fissures in the Cranium and upon one side a small Particle about half a Fingers length somewhat depressed which Particle was every way sever'd and broken from the Bone Therefore in the next firm Part we made a perforation with a Trepan and took out half an ounce of Blood which had flow'd out of the little broken Veins between the Cranium and the thick Meninx and there had shelter'd it self which being wiped off we laid a little rag dipped in Honey of Roses upon the Meninx and having filled the Wound without side with dry Wooll we covered it with Emplaster of Betony The sixth of February some little Blood came forth but after that none at all in the mean time we kept his Belly loose with a gentle Purge thus we ordered the Wound till the twelfth of February and covered his Head with a quilt of Cephalic Herbs and other things afterwards we began to lay the following Powder mixed with Honey of Roses upon the Meninx ℞ Sanguis Draconis Frankincense Aloes Myrrh an ℈ j. Fine Barley Flower ℈ j. s. Make it into a very fine Powder The eighteenth of February the flesh began to grow from the inside of the Meninx The first of March the Meninx was covered with flesh The sixteenth of March a little Scale was separated from the upper Bone of the Skull laid bare and at the beginning of April the Man being perfectly cured went abroad ANNOTATIONS THE suddain Consternation of this Person as it were Apoplectic was a certain sign of the Skull being depress'd which depression could never have been made without a Fracture or a Fissure And though for the following days the Patient felt nothing in his Head in regard such a depression and Fissure could not happen without breaking some of the little Veins it was better to open the Skull and take out the Extravasated Blood then to expect the Symptoms of it when Corrupted and Putrified For a very little Blood though no more then a dram yet Putrifying upon the Meninx may cause terrible Symptoms and Death it self OBSERVATION LIII The Head-ach PEtronel de Kuijck a Country-Woman about threescore Years old complained in February of terrible Pains in her Head as also of Catarrhs falling upon her Eyes Teeth Shoulders and other parts that she had been troubled all the Winter and felt a very great cold at the top of her Head as if the fore part of her Head had been dipped in cold Water Therefore having prescribed her a hotter and Cephalic Diet I Purged her with Pill Cochiae and Golden Pills then I ordered Linnen-cloths four doubled and dipped in Spirit of Wine warmed and gently squeezed to be laid over all the upper Part of her Head and to continue so doing for some days which done that Diuturnal Pain together with her Catarrhs all ceased within a few days then for prevention and preservation I prescribed her a Quilt to wear upon her Head ℞ Marjoram one little Handful Rosemary Sage Flowers of Melilot Lavender an one little Handful Nutmegs Cloves an ℈ ij Make a Powder for a Quilt ANNOTATIONS IN these cold Maladies of the Brain besides general and internal Medicines proper Topics are very beneficial so that many times they alone at the beginning of the Distemper contribute very much to the Cure In which case we made use of Spirit of Wine with good Success the Fomentations of which are highly commended by Arculanus Plater commends Dill Forestus Cammomile however they are made use of in Head-achs proceeding from cold Causes Aetius applaudes Goats dung bruised and laid on Morning and and Evening Others dry up cold superfluous humors after this manner ℞ Millet-seed lb j. common Salt lb s. Leaves of Majoram Rosemary Sage Flowers of Lavender Melolet an one small handful Seeds of Anise Fennel Dill Cummin an ʒ ij Lawrel Berries ʒiij These being fryed in a Frying-pan let them be put into little bags and while they continue warm let the head be first dried and then well rubb'd with them for half an hour Aetius prefers Vervein with the Roots and creeping Time boyl'd in Oyl for the Cure of all Head-aches proceeding from cold and thick Humors He also recommends Hog-lice boyl'd in Oyl for the same purposes P. Aegineta writes of a Woman who was very famous for cuing Head-aches either with or without a Fever by this means She boyl'd the green Roots of Asses Cucumers cut very small and Wormwood in Oyl till they grew soft and with this Oyl and Water she moistened and watered the Head and then clapt the Root bruised with the Wormwood upon it Which Medicine is highly recommended by Avicine who prescribes it after this form ℞ Common Oyl common-water an lb j. Leaves of Wormwood M. j. s. Root of Asses Cucumers ʒ ij Let them boyl together OBSERVATION LIV. A Hickup ANtonetta N. a poor Woman desired me to see her Daughter a Maid about twenty four Years of Age she had been troubled for ten days with a continual violent and troublesome Hickup and none of the old Womens Remedies would do her any good when I understood her Womb was well I judg'd that the Malady proceeded from some sharp Matter firmly Impacted in the Tunicles of the Stomach therefore I gave her first a light Vomit which gave her three or four Vomits but no release from her Hickup Thereupon I prescribed her this following little Bag. ℞ Flowers of Mint camomil Dill an M j. of red Roses Melilot an M. s. one white Poppy Head cut small Nutmeg Aniseed an ʒj of Dill and Cumin an ʒj s. cut and bruise them grossly and make a Linnen bag about the bigness of two hands breadth This Bag I ordered her to boil for half an hour in new Milk and common Water an lbj. s. and to take ever and anon a Draught of this Decoction and after she had gently squeezed the Bag to apply it hot to the Region of her Stomach which when she had continued to do but for one day her Hickup left her ANNOTATIONS SAys Hippocrates A Convulsion is caus'd by Repletion or Emptiness and so is a Hickup But for the most part a Hickup proceeds from Repletion seldom from Emptiness as Galen testifies Under the word Plenitude are comprehended also whatever matter sticks close to the Tunicles of the Stomach and twiching and gnawing them with its Acrimony whether sharp tough Humors Pepper or any other thing A Hickup if it last long is very troublesome but it seldom uses to continue long Yet M. Gatinaria tells a Story of a Doctor of Law who was troubled with a Hickup for twelve days together and Forestus makes mention of an old Woman that Hickupp'd many times for half a year together To suppress this Hickupping those Medicaments are most proper which loosen and remove the sharp and biting humors from the Tunicles of the Stomach such are Vomiting Medicines
Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar â„¥ j Soft and whitish Bedellium Ê’ij Powder of Feverfew Ê’j s. Myrrh ℈ j. Mix them for a Plaister Forestus affirms that a Plaister of Galbanum alone has done Miracles but that he had found by daily Experience the extraordinary benefit of the following Magisterial Emplaster which he spreads upon Leather edg'd about with Galbanum to make it stick the better â„ž Gallia Moscata Alipta Moscata Storax Calam. Pure Laudanum Mastic an â„¥ Lignum Aloes Xylobalsamum Galangal Cyperus Carpobalsamum an Ê’iij Red Roses Ê’j s. New Wax lb. s. Turpentine q. s. Make a Plaister according to Art OBSERVATION LXVII A Burstenness in the Groin with a Gangrene THomas Adeler an English Trooper about sixty years of age had had a burstenness in his left Groin for many years In the Year 1637. in September the Gut which fell down into the Burstenness being distended with a great quantity of Wind hapned to break so that the Ordure fell down into the void Space of the Burstenness This presently caused a Gangrene of the Part with an intollerable Stench by which means the Part being putrified and broken the Ordure of the Belly came forth at that Hole never at the Fundament Being sent for though I thought him incurable yet I ordered Spirit of Wine with Mel Rosatum and Oyntment Egyptiacum to be applied to the Part till the Gangrenous Parts were separated from the sound Parts Then we found that the Gut was not only broken but quite broken off the one Part from the other and that the upper Part hung out and gave passage to the Excrement The end of this Intestine afterwards grew fleshy and acquired a kind of a fleshy Ring and this Ring cleaved afterwards so fast to the neighbouring Flesh so that for the future the Intestine remained always fix'd and open in that Part and gave passage to the Excrement So that we ordered him to carry a little brass Pot so ordered and hung as to give him the least trouble that might be and thus in all other Parts sound and healthy he walk'd abroad where-ever he pleased and in nine years that he was forced to carry about him that troublesome Burthen he was never sick ANNOTATIONS THis is a tare and remarkable Example I never thought before that a broken Gut could grow to the adjoyning Flesh in the Groyn till I was a Witness of it in this Patient True it is that if a Gut happen to break among the fleshy Muscles of the Abdomen such a Coalition may sometimes happen as Plater observes A certain Captain says he being wounded in his Belly voided his Excrements through a Pipe which was left there after the Wound was cured and was for many years afterward alive and well The Cause of which when I examined I found that Wounds of the Guts if they seem to trace the fleshy Portions of the Muscles of the Abdomen after the Lips of the Wounds of the Guts and muscly Flesh are glutinated on both sides there may be a Passage made for the Excrement to come forth and be prevented from falling into the Cavity of the Abdomen and that those Wounds although they cannot be consolidated yet they are not Mortal which though very seldom happens sometimes in other Parts as in the Bladder Iohn Hornung also a Physician of Heydenheim tells a Story of a Country Man whose right Gut upon a Wound in the Abdomen came forth opened with a broad Wound nor was it put back by the Chyrurgeon but the Wound of the Abdomen being cured hung out as long as the Man lived retaining its natural Colour yet somewhat more thick and more fleshy and through this Passage it was that the Excrement came always forth with an extraordinary Stench forsaking the common Road of the Fundament OBSERVATION LXVIII A Pining Consumption caused by a vitiated Stomach MOnsieur de Nassau a Captain of Horse in the Flower of his Age in the Year 1637. during the Siege of Breda in September as he lay in his Bed all in a Sweat hearing some Troops of Horse march by his Window leap'd out of his Bed opened his Casement and stood looking out for some time and by that time became suddenly overcool'd by a North Wind at that time cold and tempestuous fell into a violent Distemper Presently he complained of an extraordinary Griping in his Belly about the Region of his Stomach he had also withal a slight Fever with a violent Cough which brought up much clammy flegmatick ill-coloured Matter yet without any Pain in his Breast Several of the most eminent Physicians were sent for who by his Spittle his Cough and other Symptoms concluded that his Disease was a real Consumption and that incurable and told the Prince of Orange that he would suddenly dye As for the Pain in his Belly those they unanimously agreed to be the Cholic Passion caused by the suddain Cold. To asswage this Pain which they call'd the Cholic they used several Remedies for a long time which gave ease sometimes but never cur'd which they affirmed was impossible to be done To abate his Cough they made him an Issue in his Left-arm and gave him the following Apozeme to take for many Weeks â„ž China Roots the best â„¥ j. Leaves of Scabious Colts-foot Betony Pimâ—…ernel Plantain an m. j. Cordial Flowers an one small Handful ston'd Raisins â„¥ j. Licorice shav'd Ê’ij Anise-seed ℈ iiij Boil them in Barley water of the second Decoction q. s. to lb ij For an Apozeme For an ordinary Looch they gave him equal Parts of Syrup of Poppy and Cumfrey Also they prescribed him a cold Diatragacanth in Tablets and to loosen his Belly they gave him this small Potion â„ž Rhubarb choice Ê’j Yellow Saunders ℈ s. Decoction of Barley â„¥ iij. Infuse them all Night and to the Straining add Manna of Calabria â„¥ s. For a Potion This gave him one or two Stools Now when they had had the Gentleman two Months and a half and all their Physick did no good insomuch that the Gentleman was reduced to Skin and Bone and his Strength every day more and more decay'd they would give him no more Physic but gave him over for incurable Then I was thought of and the Gentleman was brought from Breda to Nimeghen in a Man of War The Gentleman gave me a full Accompt of his Distemper and what had been done to him and shewed me the Receits that had been prescribed him and which he had taken So that when I had considered all things I could not be of those Physicians Opinion For by his Spittle and Cough he shewed no Signs of a Consumption for though he brought up tough and ill-coloured Stuff yet neither was it Matter nor Blood The Pain of his Stomach was no Cholic as being fixed in his Stomach and not accompanied with Wind but twitching the Ventricle with extream Pains by Intervals not wandring through the Guts Therefore I judged the Cause of this Pain to be a
very proper in such cases â„ž Conserve of Roses â„¥ ij s. Rosemary Flowers â„¥ j. Lavender Flowers â„¥ s. Galangale Cubebs Xyloaloes an ℈ j. Aniseed Ê’s Cinnamon Ê’j Calamus Aromaticus Ê’ij Ginger condided â„¥ s. Pine Apples prepared Ê’vj Make these into an Electuary with Syrup of preserved Citron I restored a lost Appetite and a Stomach overwhelmed with Crudities by the use of this Powder â„ž Roots of Zedoary Galangale Calamus Aromat an Ê’j VVhite Ginger Ê’s Cinnamon ℈ ij Cremor Tartar Ê’ij Make a Powder the Dose Ê’s or ℈ ij in the Morning after Dinner and Supper in a Draught of generous VVine Monsieur de Spieck generally made use of this â„ž Root of Calam. Aromatic VVhite Ginger Galangale an Ê’j For a Powder But these kind of Stomachical Electuaries Powders Tablets c. every Physician ought to prescribe according to the Disposition of the Patient Horstius makes use of this Powder â„ž Coriander-seed prepared â„¥ j. s. Anise Fennel-seed an â„¥ s. Ginger Galangale an Ê’j s. Lignum Aloes Ê’s Cinnamon Ê’j Fine Sugar the weight of all the rest for a Powder OBSERVATION LXXIV The Stone RUtger Schorer a little Boy had a small Stone which fell down into his Bladder with extraordinary Pain but being afterwards expelled into the Passage of the Yard because it was too big to pass it stuck in the middle of the Pipe and stopped the Urine Several ways were tried in vain to get it out so that at length to add to the Pain there appeared an Inflammation of the Part by which we found that there was no way but Incision to get it forth Wherefore after the Chyrurgeon had pulled up the Skin somewhat toward the Glans he opened the Ureter on that side where the Stone stopped and took out the Stone and so the Wound was presently consolidated without any hurt to the Child ANNOTATIONS THis sort of Operation mentioned by Aetius Grumelenus and Paraeus seems difficult and dangerous but yet is very secure Plato also recites two Examples of Stones cut out of the Ureter And though some are afraid of a Fistula upon such a Wound yet I never knew any such Consequence OBSERVATION LXXV Nephritic Pain THE Son of Lieutenant St. George about eighteen years of age who had been always troubled with Gravel from his Infancy and had often voided little Stones in Ianuary was so tormented with a Stone that stuck in both Ureters that he knew not where to turn himself For Cure I prescribed him this Apozem â„ž Roots of Fennel Saxifrage an â„¥ s. Licorice scraped Ê’vj Herbs Althea Mallows an m. j. Cammomil Flowers m. j. s. Cleansed Barley â„¥ j. Seeds of wild Carrots Mallows Nettles Burdock an Ê’j Four greater Cold-seeds an Ê’j s. Fat Figs n o ix Dates xi New Milk Common VVater equal parts Biol them and make an Apozem to lbiij This being taken the same and the next day the Pain ceased after he had voided a small Stone and much Gravel The next Month he was troubled with the same Pains but then by taking the said Decoction the Stone was easily brought down through the Ureters into the Bladder but then when it came into the Yard it was so big it could not pass but obstructed the Urine with most cruel Torture which the Father not being able to bear there being no Chyrurgeon to be sent for with a Razor made a small Wound underneath the Urinary Passage where the Stone stuck which done the Stone spurted out and the Urine followed in great quantity The Wound was consolidated afterwards sooner than we imagined with the Application of a few Plaisters OBSERVATION LXXVI Milk in a Virgin 's Breast A Certain Noble young Lady about twenty years of age a Virgin of eminent Chastity in the Month of February complained of a Pain in her right Breast which was also full of Milk When I had diligently examined the place affected I felt a hardness in the middle of the Breast about the bigness of a Pidgeons-egg which pained her upon Compression I also understood from her self that her Purgations had been suppressed for four Months together In order to the Cure I prescribed her first a convenient attenuating Diet then after I had purged her Body I gave her some Apozems to move her Evacuations and three or four days before the time of the Period I opened a Vein in the Heal by which means the Evacuation succesfully ensued which having continued three or four days the Swelling in her Breast fell down nor did any more Milk come forth However in regard the Hardness remained with some Pain I laid this Oyntment spread upon Linnen upon the place affected shifting it once a day â„ž Honey Populeon Oyntment Virgins Wax an â„¥ j. first melt the Wax then mix the rest and stir them with a Spatula till they are cold This Topic very much abated and within four days the hardness came to Suppuration After the Apostem was broken and had cast forth much white Matter within a few days the same Topic cured her ANNOTATIONS CErtainly had not this Lady been a Person eminent for her Chastity she might easily have incurâ—…ed the Scandal of lost Virginity among the Vulgar For rational Physicians will not deny but that upon menstruous Obstructions Milk may sometimes be generated in the Breasts of Virgins For says Hippocrates if a Woman that neither is with Child nor ever brought forth has Milk that Woman labours under a Suppression of her Courses And I remember the same Case in a young Lady of Montfort whose Chastity was above the reach of Scandal who was cured upon the forcing down her Purgations To which purpose Bartholin thus writes Even in Virgins many times Milk may be generated if the Breasts are full of Sperituous Blood and that there happen withal a menstruous Suppression in regard the glandulous Substance concocts more than is necessary for the Nourishment of the VVoman But 't is no wonder that such things should happen in young Virgins that have their Flowers when it is known that the same thing happens to old Women For Bodin reports a Story of an Infant that sucking a dry old Woman upon the Death of her Mother at length drew Milk out of her Breasts and was nourished with it to sufficiency Nay I have seen Milk more than once milked out of the Breasts of Infants not above two years old which is also attested by Cardan and Camerarius But more wonderful it is that Milk should be generated in the Breasts of Men as Aristotle testifies of a certain Lemmian Slave and Abensina who saw Milk milked from the Breasts of a Woman enough to make a Cheese Several other Stories also there are in several other Authors of Men giving Milk too tedious to relate OBSERVATION LXXVII Epileptic Convulsions A Little Son of Iohn ab Udem an Infant of seven Months old was twitched with Epileptic Convulsions almost without intermission for two days together so that nothing but Death was expected
the Nerves or too much Relaxation so that being oppressed with weight they are extended with Pains but this sort of Gout is not so terrible For the second Cause of the Gout proceeds from the salt sharp and tartarous Humors separated from the Blood and thrust forward upon the Joynts Therefore says Sennertus I must conclude that a sharp salt subtil Humor nearest to the Nature of salt Spirits is the Cause of the Gout Let any Man call it by what other Name he please Choler or Flegm mixed with Choler Salt or Tartar so the thing be rightly understood In vain therefore Physicians have hitherto sought for the Cause of the Gout in the Heat and Drougth of Choler or the Moisture and Cold of Flegm for they are not the first but the second Qualities which induce those Pains that is the Salt and the Acrimony which corrode and gnaw those Parts Therefore says Hippocrates 't is not hot cold moist and dry that have the acting Power but bitter and salt sweet and acid insipid and sharp which if rightly tempered together are no way troublesome but when alone and separated one from the other then they give the Vexation and shew themselves c. In the Cure of the first in regard the Cause proceeds from a depraved Disposition of the Brain therefore the Brain is to be evacuated and corroborated to prevent these Excrements from gathering any more in that place The Parts affected also are to be corroborated with Topics warming the Parts dissipating and drying up the crude Humors In the Cure of the hot Gout the salt Humors are to be evacuated and purged away by inward Medicaments before they be pushed forward into the Joynts and that their Generation may be prevented Topics also must be made use of to temper the Acrimony of the salt Humors to dissolve dissipate and evacuate by transpiration those Humors the Forms of which I shall give in another place OBSERVATION XCIV A Pain in the Stomach with Vomiting PEtronella Beekman a Maid about twenty seven or twenty eight years of age the nineteenth of Iune was taken with an intolerable Pain in the upper part of her Belly which extended it self sometimes to the Right sometimes to the Left but most to the Sides She had a Vomiting likewise sometimes more gentle sometimes vehement which brought up all her Meat Sometimes her vehement Vomiting brought a Pint or a Pint and a half of black Water with some tough Flegm At the top of this Water swam certain little Bodies about the bigness of a Filberd in Colour and Consistence resembling Butter When these came up she had some ease for two or three hours but then her pain returned again She had no Fever no Tumor in her Spleen no Obstruction in her Kidneys and she made Water without trouble but very thick neither did she void any Gravel either before or after nor was there any Distemper to be perceived in her Womb where all things proceeded according to Nature nor had bad Diet been the cause of her Distemper but what that buttery Substance should be I could not certainly tell for my Life only I conjectured that it might be some corrupt Choler preternaturally chang'd into that Substance However the first thing I did was to stop her Vomiting to which purpose I caused her Stomach to be anointed with Oyl of Nutmegs and applied a warm Cataplasm to it of Mint Red Roses Nutmegs Cloves Mastich Olibanum sowre Ferment and Vinegar of Roses but all to no purpose The next day her Pains and Vomiting having very much weakned her I gave her a corroborating Medicament of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae Treacle and Cinnamon-water and Syrup of Limons equal parts to take frequently in a Spoon which stay'd with her The twenty first of Iune I applied to the Region of her Stomach a corroborating Plaister of Tacamahacca Galbanum Cloves Benjamin and the like The twenty second I gave her a gentle Purging Draught which she presently brought up again then I ordered her a Glister which gave her two or three Stool but her cruel Pain and Vomiting continued still The twenty fourth I gave her one Scruple of Pill Ruffiae which stay'd with her and gave her three Stools about Evening and then because the Plaister was troublesome I took it off and applied in the Room a Linnen Quilt filled with Mint Wormwood Sage Flowers of Cammomil Melilot Dill Nutmegs Cumin-seed Fennel and Dill-seed which Quilt was boiled in strong Wine and applied to her Stomach The twenty eighth she took another Glister The twenty ninth about night I gave her two Scruples of Philonium Romanum prepared with Euphorbium in a little Wine which caused her to sleep that Night four hours whereas she had not slept till then from the beginning of her Distemper the next day her Pain returned nevertheless the Philonium seemed to have endeavoured some Concoction for that she began to belch which gave her some ease wherefore about Evening I gave her two Scruples of Philonium The first of Iuly she belched more freely therefore that Evening I gave her Philonium again The next day her Pains abated and her Vomiting ceased and at Noon she supp'd a little Broth which was the first Nourishment she had taken since her Sickness Iuly the third she took Pill Ruffiae to loosen her Belly The fourth of Iuly her Pains encreasing I prescribed her an Amigdalate but she brought it up again Therefore the sixth of Iuly I gave her two Scruples and a half of Philonium which caused her to rest indifferently The next day her Pains abated so that at night the same Dose of Philonium was again given her as also the next Evening The ninth of Iuly in the Morning she took Pill Russiae and in the Evening Philonium again and so for three Evenings more one after another by which means her Pains and Vomiting ceased her Appetite returned and she recovered her Health The twenty third of November she was again taken with the same Pains and Vomiting thereupon after I had purged her Body with Pills I gave her Philonium again which gave her ease and so continuing the use of Philonium for twelve Evenings together and loosning her Body every day with Pills at length I mastered the Obstinate Disease so that for six years together I knew her safe and sound from that and all other Distempers OBSERVATION XCV A Bastard Intermitting Tertian Ague HErman N. in the Vigor of his Age in the beginning of March was taken with a Bastard intermitting Tertian Ague which began with a great Coldness and ended in a violent Heat it came every other day but at uncertain hours sometimes sooner sometimes later During the Fit his Head ach'd violently and he was very faint his Stomach was gone and his Strength much wasted After he had taken many things in vain from other Physicians coming to me I gave him half a Dram of lucid Aloes reduced into Pills which gave him five Stools afterwards I
the Head hence this Melancholy is not particular to any Part but Sympathetic and therefore from the Name of the Place where the Nourishment of the Distemper lyes is called Hypochondriac V. This Melancholly Delirium is hard to be cured and not void of danger 1. Because the Causes of it are mischievous and remote in regard they occasion the Generation and Accumulation of that feculent Melancholly Matter in the Hypochondriums 2. Because that feculent Matter is obstinate and not easily tam'd by Medicaments and infects the Animal Spirits with a peculiar evil Temper 3. Because the Cure requiring a longer time the question is whether the Patient will take so much Physic or no. 4. Because the continued ascent of the Melancholly humor to the Brain the Distemper instead of being Sympathetic may turn to be the peculiar Passion of that Part. 5. Because those Melancholly Humors are troublesom to the Membranes of the Brain and Nerves through their occult and manifest Qualities their acrimony and sourness c. whence the fear is least their copious afflux to the Brain should cause Convulsions Epilepses c. 6. Because this Delirium is not accompanied with Laughter but with a sad and serious Musing Yet while there is strength and a willingness to take Physic there is some hopes of Cure VI. In the Method of Cure the containing Cause is first to be discussed and the ill temper of the Animal Spirit to be removed as also that the Antecedent Cause or Melancholly Humor in the Hypocondriums be atteuated digested and evacuated and a new Generation and Accumulation of it prevented that Obstructions be removed and that the Brain Spleen and other Bowels be corroborated VII Milder Medicaments not very hot will be most convenient least the Matter being agitated by stronger and very hot Medicines be carried in too great a quantity to the Heart and Brain VIII First loosen the Belly with this Glyster â„ž Emollient Decoction â„¥ x. choice Hiera Pâ—…cra Diacatholicon an â„¥ j. s. Oyl of Camomile â„¥ j. s. Salt Ê’ j. mix them for a Glyster The next day but one or the third day give him this Purge â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ s. white Agaric Anise-seed an Ê’ j. Ginger ℈ j. Decoction of Barly q. s. make an Infusion then add to the straining Confect Hamech Ê’ ij Hiera Picra Ê’ j. For a Potion IX Now because People thus affected have their Veins swelled with a Palpitation of the Heart sometimes and that their strength is in good Condition after Purging Blood-letting will not be amiss in the Arm or if the Hemorhoid Veins appear Leeches may be properly applied X. This done let the Patient drink three or four times a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Root of Polipody of the Oak â„¥ j. Eringos Cammoch Rind of the Roots of Capers Tamarisch an â„¥ s. Herbs Borage Roman-Wormwood Strawberry-leaves all the Dandelions Ceterach Germander water Trefoile an M. j. March Violet leaves and Baum an M. s. Citron and Orange-Peels an â„¥ s. Damask Prunes vij Currants â„¥ ij Steel ty'd in a little knot â„¥ j. Anise-seed Ê’ iij. common Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. XI After he has used this Apozem four days let him take the Puâ—…ge aforesaid again and then return to his Apozem and so continue this method for some time and if he be bound while he takes his Glister let him be loosened with the foregoing Glister now and then the Apozem may be made Purging by adding â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ ij Root of black-Hellebore Ê’ ij Indian Mirobalans Ê’ vj. Anise-seed â„¥ s. and let him drink â„¥ iiij every Morning If he find himself nauseous and inclining to Vomit this Vomitory may be given him â„ž Conserve of Leaves of Asarabacca Ê’ x. Decoction of Radishes â„¥ iij. Oxymel Scyllitic with Agric â„¥ s. Vomitious Wine Ê’ iij. XII In the mean time that he takes these things let him also for the strengthening of his Head and Bowels take of these Tablets several times in the Day â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’j Dianthos Aromatic Rosatum an ℈ j. Powder of the Yellow of Citron-rina ℈ j. s. Sugar dissolved in betony-Betony-water â„¥ ij For Tablets Or let him sometimes take a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’ j. Conserve of Borage Baum Rosemary-flowers pale Roses an Ê’ iij. Syrup of Citron rind q. s. XIII Let him keep in a good and pleasant Air and avoid Loanliness converse with merry Company and be merry himself Let him abstain from all Meats of hard Digestion and ill Nourishment especially salted and smoaked food Let him avoid bottled and windy Drink and let his Salads and Sauces be such as attenuate and open and promote Concoction but not very hot HISTORY V. Of Madness A Young Gentlewoman about twenty eight Years of Age lusty perspicacious melancholy musing and thoughtful but using an ill Diet and sometimes liable to obstructions in her Hypochondriums finding her self to be slighted by her Parents a long time concealed her greif and publickly shewed her self chearful but spent the Nights without sleep in Morosness Tears and Sighs At length she was taken with a pain in her Head accompany'd with a slight Fever disorderly but continual within a few days her pain leaving her she appeared to be light Headed for she that was before reserved of her Speech grew to be very talkative of a suddain so that at length she began to talk not only all day but all night long However for the first two or three days though she talked much yet what she said was all sence and rational enough but after that she fell to raving and non-sence then her Fever ceased but still she never slept this Delirium within a few days increased to that degree that she grew sullen angry run about the Chamber made a noise and grew so out-ragious that she laid violent hands upon all that came near her talked obscenely and tore her Cloaths so that she was forced to be held down in her Bed nevertheless she was strong had her Evacuations duly and an indifferent good Stomach nor was she very thirsty neither was she much sensible of the bitter Cold Frosty Winter-Season though she had hardly any Cloaths upon her but was always warm I. THAT the Brain of this Woman was terribly affected appears by her continued Madness accompanied with want of sleep boldness immodesty and anger and that her Heart and the rest of her Body suffered was plain from her extraordinary heat II. This Delirium is called Madness and is a continued Commotion of the Mind with an enraged Boldness arising from the heat of the Spirits III. The chiefest of all the evident Causes was her grief to be so slighted by her Parents which though she dissemblingly suppressed at first nevertheless in a young Person Melancholy of her self and by reason of her disorderly Diet abounding with Choleric and Melancholy humors and so liable to Diseases it might easily produce a raging Delirium For
Liniment and then cover the Head with the following Quilt â„ž Oyls of Amber Rosemary Marjoram an ℈ ij Martiate Oyntment Ê’ij Castoreum Powdered ℈ s. For a Liniment â„ž Leaves of Marjoram M. j. of Rosemary Sage and Flowers of Melilot an one little handful Cloves Nutmegs an ℈ j. Castoreum ℈ s. Beat these into a gross Powder for a Quilt XIV Let him have a good Air a light Room moderately warm and Perfumed with Castor Peny-royal Rosemary Sage Thime Marjoram Baum c. let his Food be easie of Digestion Condited with Rosemary Betony Marjoram Hyssop and the like Let him avoid Milk Pulse and Fruit Garlic Onions Mustard Radishes c. Let his Drink be Barley-water with Majoram Hyssop Rosemary and the like boil'd in it sweetened with a little Hydromel or Honey and aâ—…omatiz'd with Saffron Let him sleep as little as may be and make his natural Evacuations come forth in due order HISTORY VIII Of the Profound Sleep call'd Carus A Stout young Man having fallen from a high Place upon his Head was seized with a deep sleep being put by his Friends who thought him drunk into his Bed he continued so for two days There was no Wound appeared in his Head which was defended by a good strong Cap only in the top of his Head there was a Contusion not very big his Pulse beat well nor did he shew any Signs that his Heart was affected he breathed freely If he were prickt he shrunk up the prickt Member In the mean time no noise nor pulling him by the Hair nor other means would wake him I. How far this Patients Head was affected the profound sleep sufficiently shew'd II. This sleep is called Carus which is a profound sleep with an injury to the Animal Actions III. 'T is no Apoplexy because the Person breaths freely nor Lethargy because there is no Fever and the Patient cannot be waked wherein it differs from Coma since the Patients in that Distemper are often waked and move their Limbs from one place to another IV. The cause of this is a depression of the upper Skull and the Bones of the Bregmâ—… caused by the Fall by which the Brain being depressed the Brain is hindered in its Motion which injures all the Animal Actions Besides that the Choroid-fold being obstructed by the Compression hinders the Passage of the Vital Spirits to the Brain and consequently the Generation of Animal to supply the wast of Spirits in the Organs of the Senses into which the Animal Spirits having not a free Influx by reason of that Compression the actions of the Parts fail and thence that deep sleep V. This Carus is very dangerous and threatens an Apoplexy if not taken care of in time VI. The Cure consists in raising the depressed Skull 2. In corroborating the wakened Brain 3. In taken care of the whole Body to prevent the flux of many Humors to the Head or any other Disease from breeding at that time in the Body VII Therefore a Glister given take eight or nine Ounces of Blood out of the Arm. Then proceed to Denudation and if need require Perforation of the Brain VIII The same day the Glister is given and the Vein opened toward the â—…kull in the place where the Contusion â—…ppears must be laid bare with a Crossâ—…ike Incision made in the fleshy Parts The next Morning raise the Bone with â—…roper Instruments But for fear least â—…y that violent Contusion some little Veins should be broken in the hard Meninx which may have poured forth any Blood between the Meninx and the Cranium which corrupting there should afâ—…erward be the Cause of unexpected death the safest way would be to Perforate the Skull in the firm Part next the depressed Part to give â—…he extravasated Blood an easie Exit and for the more easie raising of the depressed Skull IX The Skull being raised and the wound stopt according to Art let this Fomentation be clapt warm about his Head still shifting it as it grows cold â„ž Betony M. iiij Marjoram Rosemary Vervain Fennel Leaves of Lawrel Baum Thime Rue Flowers of Stoechas Camomil Melilot an M. j. Common Water q. s. boil them according to Art adding toward the end White-wine lb j. Make a Fomentation of 〈◊〉 iij. X. Anoint his Fore-head with this Liniment â„ž Oyls of Amber Rosemary Marjoram distilled an ℈ j. Castoreum pulverised gr ix Martiate Unguent Ê’ ij XI The Patient being rous'd from his sleep which uses to happen after the raising of his Skull give him this Purging draught â„ž Leaves of Senna Ê’ iij. Rubarb Ê’ j. s. white Agaric Ê’ s. Anise-seed Ê’ j. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them then add to the straining Elect. Diaprunum solutive Ê’ iij. XII The Body being Purged let him drink twice or thrice a day a draught of this Apozem â„ž Succory Root â„¥ j. s. of Fennel and Acorus an â„¥ s. Herbs Betony Dandelion Borage Baum Rue an M. j. Rosemary Marjoram Flowers of Stoechas an M. j. Orange and Citron Peels an â„¥ s. Currants â„¥ ij Water q. s. For an Apozem of lb j. s. XIII Instead of the Apozem he may now and then take a small quantity of this or such like Conditement â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’ j. Roots of Acorus Condited Candied Orange-peels Conâ—…erve of Anthos and pale Roses an â„¥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIV If he be bound at any time in his Body let him be loosened with Glisters Or else take the following Mixture and hang it up in a little Bag in a Pint and a half of small Alâ—… and give him a draught or two every Morning â„ž Leaves of Senna â„¥ j. s. Rubarb Ê’ ij Root of Iallop Ê’ j. Anise Ê’ ij Leaves of Marjoram Carduus Benedict an M. s. XV. Keep him in a good temperate clear Air let his Meats be of easie Digestion and spaâ—…ing at first His Drink small his Exercises moderate little Sleep at first especially But let his natural Evacuations duly proceed either spontaneously or provoked by Art HISTORY IX Of a Catalepsis A Young Maid her Evacuations being obstructed and frequently liable to Uterine Suffocations being taken of a suddain remained void of Sence and in that Posture as she taken waxed cold keeping her Eyes open and fixed but seeing nothing if the standersâ—…y moved her Arm upwards or downward or side-ways it remained as they laid it if they set her upon her Feet she stood if they moved her Body forwards she put out her Foot if they turned her Head on one side so it stood all this while she breathed freely when this fit had lasted an hour she came to her self but remembered nothing of what had happened Two days after she was taken with another Fit which went off of it self I. THat the Seat of this Distemper was in the Head the terrible Molestation of the Animal Actions declare as the Uterine Suffocation shewed the Distemper of the Womb. II. This Affection is called a Catalepsis and is a sudden and very great
of the Sight did not proceed from any Fault of the Sight or of the Medinum or the Object II. This Malady by the Physicians is called Vertigo or Giddiness And is a Deception of the Sight which makes that visible Objects seem to turn round arising from a kind of Whirl-pit Motion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain III. The remote Cause is the External Motion refrigerating the Brain and streightning the Passages of it appointed for the evacuating of Excrements so that Flegm abounding in the Body and copiously collected in the Ventricles of the Brain constitutes the containing Cause IV. By those flegmatic Humors the Ventricles are first distended thence the heavy Pain This Flegm augmenting stops up the Passages of the Brain through which the Spirits ought to pass partly by repletion partly by compression so that the Spirits missing their direct Passage and lighting upon the obstructed Passage gets thorough in a circular Motion as Water falling with violence if it meet a Dam in its way recoils three or four times in Circles before it run by V. These whirling Spirits thus circularly carried to the Seat of the Mind intermixing with the Images of visible things which are carried to the same Mind are offered to the common Sensory with the same circular Motion and so occasion that Fallacy of Sight by which all visible Objects seem to be whirled about in the same manner as the Images of visible things VI. But this same whirling of the Spirits does not last partly because the narrowness of the Passages of the Brain is sometimes more sometimes less partly because the Spirits are sometimes thicker and sometimes thinner and pass through sometimes with more sometimes less violence which is the reason the Vertigo comes by Fits For in the Motion of the Body the Spirits are moved with more violence and in greater abundance which if they cannot pass freely and directly through the ordinary Passages of the Brain but light here and there upon the obstructed Passages causes the Fit whether they be thin or thick For the Repulse of the Obstruction puts them into a Circumgyration and the plenty and violent rushing of the thin Spirits makes them they cannot pass but the thick are stoped by reason of their thickness and therefore Drunkards and young People that abound with thin Spirits are as much liable to Giddiness as old Men whose Spirits are thicker But the Giddiness of old Men is more frequent and lasts longer because of their more abounding Flegm longer and more frequently streightens the Passages of the Choroid-Fold Therefore the Vertigo seldom happens when the Body is in Motion and is generally abated and cured by rest VII But because there are not enough of those whirling Spirits that make their way through the Passages of the Brain besides that their â—…ircumrotation hinders them from entring in sufficient quantity into the Nerves This was the reason that this Patient for want of Animal Spirits in the Muscles often fell to the Ground without being able to rise before the Vertigos ceasing the Animal Spirits flowed more copiously again into the Muscles VIII Then the Fit returns again upon the Sight of Wheels turning round Precipices c. because the Images of those things being carried to the inner Parts with that same whirling and unequal Motion affects the Animal Spirits with the same circular and unequal Motion Upon the Sight of Precipices the Vertigo returns in regard the Sight of them striking a Terror into the Beholder the Affright streightens the Passages and by that means puts a sudden stop upon the Spirits which being forced forward by those that come behind because they have not a free Passage are agitated by the Repulse of the Obstruction and forced into a circular Motion IX This Malady is hard to be cured and many times turns to an Epilepsie or Apoplexie or some other grievous Distemper of the Brain and therefore the Cure of it is not to be delay'd X. The Cure consists in removing the primary antecedent and continuing Cause and Corroboration of the Brain XI First Therefore let her be purged with these Pills â„ž Mass of Pill Cochiae ℈ j. Extract of Catholicon ℈ s. Diagridion gr ij Syrup of Stoechas a little For vij Pills XII Though not much good can be expected from Blood-letting yet least the Blood should fly up to the Head in too great a quantity it may be taken from the Arm or if it happen in the time of her monthly Customs out of a Vein of the Foot Let the Vein be opened the Patient lying in Bed and let her not see her own Blood XIII Then let her drink three or four times a day a Draught of this Apozem â„ž Root of Acorus â„¥ j. Elecampane Fennel an â„¥ s. Herbs Betony Marjoram Rosemary Calaminth â—…hyme an M. j. Sage Leaves of Lawrel Flowers of Stoechas an Ms. Seeds of Anise Fennel Caroways an Ê’j s. Cleansed Raisins â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them according to Art adding toward the end White-wine lb s. Make an Apozem of about lbj. s. Sometimes instead of the Apozem she may take a small quantity of this Apozem â„ž Specier Diambrae Ê’j Sweet Diamosch ℈ j. Candied Root of Acorus Conserve of Flowers of Sage Anthos Baum an â„¥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIV In the mean time let her use this Masticatory â„ž Root of Pellitory Elecampane an Ê’j Herbs Marjoram Hyssop an Ê’s Black Pepper ℈ s. Mastich Ê’v Reduce these into a Powder and then make them into Trochischs with a little Turpentine and Wax XV. Let her Temples Nostrils and Top of her Head be anointed twice a day with this Oyl â„ž Oyl of Nutmegs distilled Ê’j Oyls of Rosemary Amber Marjoram an ℈ s. She may also wear the following Quilt upon her Head for some Months â„ž Leaves of Rosemary Melilot Sage Flowers of Melilot an one little handful Nutmeg ℈ ij Cloves ℈ j. Benjamin ℈ s. Beat them grossly for a Quilt XVI Let her have a warm Room and good Air. Let her feed sparing and let her Food be easie of Digestion not flatulent and seasoned with hot Cephalics and carminative Seeds Her Drink must be small wherein if a little Bag of Marjoram Rosemary and a little Cinnamon be hung 't will be so much the better Moderate Sleep and Exercise is best when the Giddiness is off but let her Rest in the time of the Fit Keep her Body soluble and take care that all Evacuations be regular and natural HISTORY XI Of the Night-Mare A Woman of fifty years of age in good plight fleshy strong and plethoric sometimes troubled with the Head-ach and Catarrhs falling upon her Breast in the Winter the last Winter molested with no Catarrhs but very sore in the Day-time but in the Night-time when she was composing her self to Sleep sometimes she believed the Devil lay upon her and held her down sometimes that she was choaked by some great Dog or Thief lying upon her Breast so that she
Air no less troublesome to it IV. Which Vellication of the Nerve being communicated to the Nerve and perceived by the Mind presently more copious Spirits were determined to the Place affected for its Relief which distending in breadth the Nerve and Muscle belonging to it but contracting it in length caused the Convulsion By the Pain of this Convulsion the Head being troubled sends the Animal Spirits disorderly to these or other lower Parts and so contracting them in the same manner the Contraction happens not only in the wounded but in other Parts likewise and from this great Disturbance of the Brain and Animal Spirits happens a Delirium V. This is a dangerous Malady for besides the Nerves and Muscles the noble Bowel is distmpered Therefore says Hippocrates a Convulsion ensuing a Wound is very dangerous But the Youth and Strength of the Patient promises great hopes of Cure besides that the Convulsion proceeds from an external Cause that may be removed VI. The Method of Cure consists in keeping the Patient warm and in a warm Place in removing the sharp and biting Oyntment and washing the Wound with Barley-water boiled with Hyssop and a little Honey dissolved in it then put a Tent into it dipped in this Oyntment â„ž The Yolk of an Egg n â— j. Honey Turpentine an Ê’iij Spirit of Wine Ê’ij Then lay on Emplaster of Betony or Melilot VII The Parts afflicted and especially the wounded Arm are to be fomented with this Fomentation â„ž Marjoram Rosemary Betony Calamint Hyssop Basil an M. j. Flowers of Dill M. ij Of Chamomil Melilot an M. j. s. Seeds of Cumin â„¥ j. of Lovage Ê’iij Of Dill â„¥ s. White-wine q. s. Boil them to lbiij VIII After Fomentation strongly chaâ—…e the Parts affected with this Liniment warm â„ž Martiate Oyntment Oyl of Ireos Oyl of Foxes Earth-worms and Spike an â„¥ j. Oyl of Castor â„¥ s. IX In the mean time after a Glister given let the Parties take a Draught of this Apozem to strengthen the Brain and Nerves â„ž Root of sweet Cane Fennel Male Piony an Ê’vj Herbs Of Majoram Rue Betony Rosemary Baum Basil Calamint an M. j. Flowers of Stoechas M. s. Fennel Seed Ê’ij Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lbj s. Then mix Water of Tilet Flowers Syrup of Stoechas an â„¥ iij. X. Now and then let her take a small quantity of this Conditment â„ž Species Diambra ℈ iiij Candied Root of sweet Cane Conserve of Flowers of Sage Betony Anthos an â„¥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XI Lastly clap such a quilted Cap upon her Head â„ž Leaves of Marjoram M. s. Of Rosemary Betony Flowers of Dill Melilot an Two little Handfuls Nutmegs Ê’j Benjamin Ê’s Beat them into a Gross Powder for a quilted Cap. XII The Convulsion ceasing the Body must be purged with an Infusion of Leaves of Senna Rubarb Agaric c. or with Cochiae or Golden Pills Diaphenicon or Diaturbith with Rubarb And then return to the use of the foresaid Apozem and Conditement XIII Her Diet must be easie of Digestion condited with Marjoram Hyssop Rosemary Betony Sage Anise-seed Fennel-seed and the like Let her sleep Long and take her Rest as much as may be And be sure the Body evacuate regularly HISTORY XV. Of the Epilepsie A Boy of eight years of Age indifferent lusty no care being had of his Diet first became sad and the Winter being past often complain'd of a grievous Head-ach In March as he was at play he fell down of a sudden quite senseless writh'd his Eyes and clutch'd his two Thumbs hard in his Fists That Fit soon went off but the next day it returned much more vehement attended with manifest Convulsions of the Body From that time the Fits returned twice thrice and four times a Week with more terrible Convulsions But in the Summer they were much gentler and not so frequent But the Autumn following especially near Winter the Fits took him very often and very violent and that too of a sudden without any warning with horrid Convulsions and Foming at the Mouth And at last the I continuance and violence of the Distemper had so disordered the Animal Functions that the Child was become sottish I. THAT the Boys Brain was affected was plain by the distress of the Animal Functions II. This Distemper is called an Epilepsie Which is a Convulsion of the whole Body not perpetual with which the Party taken falls to the Ground with an intercepting of the Senses and Functions of the Mind rising from a Peculiar malignant and acrimonious Matter III. Bad Diet contributes much to the breeding of this Disease as the greedy devouring of bad and raw Fruit which heaps up Crude and Flegmatic Humors in a Flegmatic Body and these filling the Brain first caused the Head-ach then through their long stay in the Brain obtaining a certain peculiar pravity and acrimony constitute the containing Cause of the Epilepsis IV. From this depraved and acrimonious Humor exhale sharp and malignant Vapors which as often as they twitch and bite the beginning of the Nerves about the heat of the common Sensory so often they cause the Fit For while Nature endeavors to shake off that troublesom Acrimony from the sensible Parts it happens that as the Spirits flow in greater or less quantity into them they contract and relax alternately and move the rest of the Nerves and Muscles of the Body after the same manner whence those short and frequent Convulsions V. Now because this Malignant and sharp Humor chiefly and oftenest afflicts the small diminutive Nerves near the seat of the common Sensory hence it comes to pass that the fit so suddainly seizes For so soon as those little Nerves feel that Acrimony Nature endeavors to shake it off And because that endeavor is made and begins near the common Sensory therefore there is a stop put upon the Functions of the Senses and Mind For in regard the Pine Kernel is presently affected and for that the Influx of the Animal Spirits through the Nerves sometimes contracted sometimes relaxed can never be regular hence it happens that the Organs of the Senses become defective in their Functions and by reason of that disorderly Influx of the Spirits into the Nerves and Muscles the Patient presently falls VI. The Fits are milder and not so frequent in Summer For that the Pores of the whole Body are more open by reason of the External heat so that there is a greater dissipation of the Humors and considering the time of the year less Flegm is bred and heaped up in the Brain Therefore in Autumn and Winter they are most frequent and violent because of the greater abundance of Flegm then bred and less easie to be dissipated through the Pores then contracted with Cold besides the Vapors exhaling from it are more abundant and acrimonious VII The Foam at the Mouth proceeds from hence for that those Flegmatic Humors expelled from the Brain into the Jaws and Lungs by that
vehement agitation by reason that respiration is hindered grows hot in those places and being mixed with the Air unequally and difficultly passing to and fro by vehement respiration are forced all frothy into the Mouth VIII The Fit lasts till that malignant and sharp Vapor be altogether discussed and returns again when the depraved matter stirred anew sends forth the same Vapors to the Original of the Nerves The Fit is more or less vehement and does less hurt to the principal Functions according to the quantity and quality of the evil Matter IX Now because this ill and acrimonious Humor is bred in the Brain and because the Fits were frequent and vehement and the Disease of nine Months standing therefore the Cure was difficult but the Strength and Age of the Patient gave great hopes of Cure For being but a Child the very change of Youth out of one Age into another many times effects the Cure as Hippocrates testifies X. The Cure is to be performed either in the Fit or when the Fit is gone off In the Fit Castor green Rue Oyl of Marjoram Amber Nutmegs and the like are to be held to the Nostrils XI When the Fit is past the Original Causes are to be taken away the antecedent Cause to be removed the depraved quality of the containing Cause to be removed and the whole Brain to be corroborated XII Let the Body be gently Purged with two drams of Heira Picra or Diaphaenicon or with one Scruple and a half of Powder of Diacarthamum or an ounce of Purging blew Currans XIII Then let him drink twice or thrice a day a draught of this Decoction ℞ Roots of Male Piony Misletoe Sassafras-wood an ʒvj of Calamus Aromatic Valerian an ℥ s. Herbs Marjoram Rue Calamit Rosmary Vervan Laurel-leaves Flowers of Stoechas an M j. Iuniper-berries ℥ s. Seeds of Anise Wild Carrots Fennel an ʒ j. Seed of Male Piony ʒ iij. Raisins cleased ℥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to an Apozem of lb j. s. Before he drinks this let him take a small quantity of the following Conditement ℞ Spicier Diambr ʒ j. s. Roots of sweet Cane candied Conserves of Anthos Flowers of Sage Betony an ℥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XIV Sometimes instead of the Apozem he may take a spoonful of this mixture ℞ Epileptic water of Langius ℥ iij. Water of Lime-tree Flowers of the Lilly of the Valleys an ℥ j. Syrup of Stoechas ℥ j. s. XV. Upon his head let him wear this Quilted Cap. ℞ Leaves of Marjarom Rosemary Thime Flowers of Lavender and Red Roses an Two small handfulls Cloves Benjamin an ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder XVI Let the Patient be kept in a warm Air his food must be Meats of easie digestion condited with Marjoram Baum Rosemary and other Cephalics His drink must be small his sleep and exercise moderate and his Evacuations regular Raw Fruit Garlick Onyons and Swines Flesh and all other Meats of hard digestion and ill juice are nought HISTORY XVI Of a Catarrh A Man of forty Years of Age of a cold Constitution and one that had long used a cooling and moistning Diet was troubled first with a heavy Pain in his Head with a proclivity to sleep Afterwards he was troubl'd with a vehement Cough sometimes with deafness noise in his Ears Pains in his Neck Teeth Shoulders and other Parts sometimes a most terrible Cough took him not without some difficulty of breathing and danger of Suffocation sometimes he had nauseousness and was molested with troublesome Belchings and Pains in his Stomach under his lower Jaw rose Flegmatic Tumors which fell and vanished soon after his Nostrils were more then usually dry and he spit little He complained also that he felt a continual chilness in the top of his Head and that his Hair was not so moist as it used to be I. HEre is one molested with a Catarrh which is a Preter natural Defluxion of Humors from the Head to the lower Parts II. The remote cause of this Distemper was a cold raw and Flegmatic nourishment which over-cool'd and weakened the Bowels serving to Concoction and bred a great quantity of Excrementitious Flegm which was the anteceding Cause of the Distemper and which being colected and accumulated in the Brain over-cool'd it and thence fell down upon the lower Parts III. This Flegm augmented in the Brain because it had not heat enough to concoct and dissipate so cold and thick a Humor besides that the Passages to the Nostrils and Palate were obstructed IV. This Obstruction happens in the inner Parts of the Head by reason of the viscosity of the Humors stuffing up the narrow Passages for the Evacuation of those Excrements Therefore not able to pass the regular way they flow to the inner Parts of the Ear where they cause Noises Deafness and Pain sometimes to the Larinx and Lungs which causes vehement coughing and danger of Suffocation sometimes to the Stomach and other Parts where they breed several Maladies In the Exterior Parts this Obstruction happens by reason the Pores in the top of the Head are filled with Humors contracted by the External cold and that cold continuing in those refrigerated Parts causes that chilness complained of by the Patient And this cold not only hinders the Passage of the Vapors but condenses them under the Pericranium into a serous and flegmatic Humor which being ill concocted becomes salt and sharp Which for want of dissipation falls down upon the Teeth Neck Shoulders c. and causes those Pains complained of V. That the ordinary Passages were obstructed is apparent from the driness of the Patients Nostrils and Hair and because he spit so little VI. This Affection is not a little dangerous in regard the Symptoms that attend it may bring a Man into a Consumption and breed occult and dangerous Apostems in the inner Parts VII In the Method of the Cure the Body must be Purged twice or thrice with Pill Chochiae Powder of Diaturbith or Diacarthamum or such a draught as this ℞ Leaves of Senna ʒiij White Agaric ʒ j. s. Anise-seed ʒ j. Choice Cinnamon white Ginger an ℈ s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Infuse them then add to the straining Elect. Hiera Picra ʒ j. Diaphoenicon ʒ ij VIII Then the Brain is to be dried and strengthened with the following Apozem ℞ Roots of Acorus Fennel an ʒ vj Galangal ʒ iij. Herbs Marjoram Betony Thime Rosemary Baum Calamint an M. j. Laurel-leaves Flowers of Stoechados an M. s. Seeds of Anise Fennel an ʒ ij Laurel-berrys ʒ s. Water and Wine equal Parts Boyl them to an Apozem of lbj s. Of which let him take three or four draughts a day IX Noon and Night after Meals let him take a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Diambr Diamosch Diagalanga an ʒ s. Conserve of Anthos red Roses an ʒvj Candv'd Roots of Acorus ʒiij Syrup of Stoechas q. s. X. While he follows this course Masticatories and Errhines may be used
Tragacanth or the white of an Egg to be form'd into a slat Cake and sowed up in a silk Bag and hanged about the Patients Neck XV. While these things are doing give him sometimes a Draught of this Decoction â„ž Roots of Tormentil greater Consound Snake-weed an Ê’vj Knotgrass Pimpernel Plantain Shepherds Purse Sanicle Purslain an M. j. red Roses M. s. White Poppy Seed Ê’v Seeds of Quinces and Lettice an Ê’j s. Raisins of the Sun â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them into an Apozem of lbj s. to which add Syrup of Quinces and Sowre Pomegranates an â„¥ j. s. XVI Now and then let him take a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Trochischs of seal'd Earth ℈ ij Pulp of Quinces Conserve of red Roses an Ê’vj Syrup of Poppy Rheas q. s. XVII If these things will not stay the Bleeding clap a Cupping-glass with much Flame to both Hypochondriums without Scarification Or else give him fourteen Grains of the Mass of Pill de Cynoglossa or Hounds-tongue reduced into three Pills Or else this Amygdalate â„ž Sweet Almonds peel'd â„¥ j. The four greater Cold Seeds Ê’j White Poppy Seed Ê’iij Decoction of Barley q. s. Make an Emulsion of lb s. To which add Syrup of Poppy Ê’j s. Sugar q. s. Mix them for two Doses XVIII Avoid a cold and dry Air and a very light Being Observe a cooling and thickning Diet and drink small Drink Abstain from Exercise nor cover the Body too hot sleep long and keep the Belly Soluble HISTORY X. Of the Pose or Murr and Loss of Smelling A Gentleman about thirty years of Age was wont to snuff up Powder of Tobacco into his Nostrils which caused him to sneeze At length being taken with the Pose or Murr yet he continued his Powder of Tobacco which he took three or four times a day which made him void a great quantity of flegmatic Humors through his Nostrils and Palate however his Murr encreased to that degree that he quite lost his Sense of Smelling And then his Sneezing brought away little or no Matter I. THis Gentleman lost his Smell by reason of that Pose which is a cold and flegmatic Distillation from the Ventricles of the Brain and falling into the Ethmoides Bone and the Membranes belonging to it II. This flegmatic Matter by reason of the Gentlemans frequent Sneezing and Contractions of the Membranes of the Brain and consequently the streightnings of the Pores and Detentions of the Vapors was copiously collected in the Ventricles of the Brain and expelled down to the Ethmoides Bone The diminutive Holes of which when it was not able to pass it so obstructed that no Odor could come to the inner Parts of the Nostrils which caused the Loss of the Smell III. Because this Pose which hinders the Smell continued long the Cure proves the more difficult IV. After due Evacuation of the Body care is to be taken of the Head which is to be corroborated with hot Cephalics given in Apozems Conditements Powders c. the better to attenuate and discuss the Vapors ascending thither V. To open the Pores Frictions of the Head and Fomentations with hot and opening cephalic Decoctions After which put on a dry Quilt of the same Cephalics upon the Head of the Party VI. Put up into the Nostrils such things as are proper to cut and attenuate thick Humors as â—…amphire Vinegar of Squills and Root of wild Radish bruised VII Let him continue the Use of these things for some time which if they prove ineffectual the only way will be to make an Issue in the Neck VIII Let his Food and Drink be condited and intermixed with hot Cephalics and let him feed sparingly Let his Sleep and Exercise be moderate and let him be sure to keep his Body open HISTORY XXII Of the Tooth-Ach A Young Lad about fifteen years of age of a flegmatic Temper having after hard Exercise exposed himself bare-headed to the cold Air and the Wind was taken with a most terrible Pain in his Teeth upon the Left-side which extended it self to the innermost and upper Parts of the Head There was no Swelling in the Gums of the the out-side of the Cheek no Redness or Inflammation only out of one of his Hollow Grinders he felt a certain serous salt sharp Humor distil as cold as Ice I. THis Malady is by the Physicians called Odontalgia or the Tooth-ach II. The anteceding Cause was flegmatic and cold Humors gathered in the Body which by the Heat of Exercise being attenuated into Vapors and carried to the Head and there not only detained by the External Cold shutting up the Pores but also being condensed into a scrous saâ—…t and sharp Liquor and not able to pass through the Passages appointed for the Evacuation of the Excrements of the Brain fell upon the Jaw-teeth on the Left-side and there caused a most cruel Pain III. That this is a salt serous cold Humor the Patient himself finds by the Taste of the Drops that distil out of his Teeth into his Mouth IV. The Pain proceeds from hence because the little Nerve inserted into the Cavity of each grinding Tooth together with the Periostium that surrounds every Cavity is corroded by the sharp Humor and vexed by the extraordinary Cold of it V. The Pain extends it self upward to the inner parts of the Head because the little Nerves of the Teeth inserted in the Cavities are Branches of the third and sixth Pair No wonder then that those Nerves being grieved carry the Pain to the inner Parts of the Head besides that 't is very probable that that same sharp and salt Humor falls down to the Teeth all the whole length of those Nerves through the Holes of the Cranium from whence those Nerves issue forth and so not only the Particles which are inserted into the Roots of the Teeth but the whole Nerves from the Cranium to the Teeth are infested with that Humor VI. There was no Tumor in the outer Part of the Jaw because the Humor which caused the Flux did not abound in quantity but was only sharp and very little Nor was there any Swelling in the Gums because the Humor did not stay therein but issued out from the hollow grinding Teeth VII Neither was there any Redness or Inflammation in the Gums or Jaw for though the Humor were sharp yet it was actually and potentially cold so that it could not breed any Inflammation or hot Distemper VIII This Pain is not to be contemned for that being so terrible as it is and causing continual want of Sleep and Commotion of the Humors and Spirits it may produce Deliriums Convulsions and continual Fevers IX In the Cure the Anteceding Cause is to be taken away then the Containing and the Original is to be removed the Pain to be asswaged and the Head to be corroborated X. Let the Body be purged with one Dram of Powder of Diaturbith or Diacarthamum or with these Pills â„ž Mass of Pill Cochiae Golden Pills an
the Mouth II. That there was a great quantity of Choler was apparent from the yellow and green Colour of the Excrements III. The Milk was curdled in the Stomach by reason of the Acrimony of the Choler and the Crudities there bred It was vomited up curdled because Nature being oppress'd with that and other crude Humors and provoked by the Acrimony endeavoured as much as it could to cast of that Molestation by vomiting IV. There was no Fever because the Choler was not yet corrupted nor was carried to the Vena Cava but as yet was voided sufficiently upwards and downwards V. The Infant could suck no longer because the Pain of the Pustles was exasperated by sucking But it desired the Breast to allay the Heat of the Mouth with the Moisture of the Milk VI. These Aphties newly come and without a Fever are easily cured but being delayed there may be danger of a more deep and fatal Exulceration and that a Flux of the Belly and Fever will ensue upon Corruption of the Choler VII In the Cure the Nurse is chiefly to be considered who by reason of her choleric Constitution breeds sharper Milk than the Infant is able to concoct Then the Infant it self is to be considered VIII Therefore the Nurse is to be purged more than once or twice with Choler-purging Medicaments next to be let Blood And some refrigerating Apozem to be given her of Succory Endive Lettice Borage Sorrel Tamarinds the four greater Cold seeds and the like Also steep three drams of Rhubarb ty'd up in a linnen Rag in a pint of small Ale and let her drink it twice or thrice a Week which will not only purge her but the Child IX Let her Meat be condited with Barley cleansed Endive Lettice Asparagus Pomâ—…citrons Cherries red Currants c. Let her forbear Onions Radishes Mustard Spices and all hot things as Honey and Sugar Her Drink must also be small avoiding Wine Mead and all hot and windy Drinks X. Wash the Infants Mouth often with Syrup of Mulberries and Quinces or of dry Roses or sower Pomegranates c. Also give it in a Spoon some thin Broth or Panada wherein Currans have been boiled till they break with a little Sugar XI If these things avail not the Nurse must be changed and one more proper for the Constitution of the Infant must be sought out HISTORY XXIV Of the Tumor breeding under the Tongue called Ranula A Woman about thirty years of age accustomed to feed upon a flegmatic Diet complained of a great Impediment in her Speech otherwise every way healthy Under her Tongue appeared a soft loose indolent Tumor of the same Colour with the Membranes under the Tongue full of Blackish Veins manifestly distinguished at the String of the Tongue into the Right and Left Part on both sides about the bigness of a Nutmeg and rising in height above the Teeth and by filling the Mouth forcing up the Tongue to the Palate and so not only hindring the Speech but incommoding the Act of Swallowing This Tumor at first no bigger than a Tare grew bigger and bigger every day so that in three or four weeks it swelled to the bigness aforesaid and the Patient not without reason was afraid of a Suffocation I. THis Disease by the Greeks is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latins Ranula either because it somewhat resembles a Frog or rather because they that are troubled with it instead of speaking are forced to croak like Frogs II. This Ranula is a soft and loose Tumor gathered under the Tongue and divided at the Bridle of the Tongue into a Right and Left Part. III. The Extremities of the Salival Channels lying hid under the Tongue are affected in this Distemper which together with the Membrane of the Tongue that rests upon them are distended by the Spittle or thicker Slime and hence become so big IV. Now why they swell'd in this Woman more now than at other times was because of the cooling Aliments to which she had long accustomed her self which had bred a more copious crude and viscous Flegm which partly falling upon the Salival Channels and not being able to pass the Pores of the Frogresembling Kernels augmented within them and distending them with it abundance formed a soft Swelling as it were cohering into two Bladders and distinguished by the Bridle of the Tongue V. Without doubt this Tumor was not a little augmented because the extream Pores of those Channels and Kernels were also obstructed by some external Cause as washing the Mouth with cold Water or astringent Meats and Drinks by which means the Spittle had not free Passage VI. The Humor was soft and loose by reason of the Humor contained therein Indolent because it lies in a moist Part where by reason of the small quantity of Nerves which it receives the Feeling is very obtuse It is of the same Colour with the rest of the Membranes because there is no Inflammation to dye it of another Colour And it was augmented in a small time because the Passage of the Salival Slime was obstructed VII The Danger of this Distemper is not great if taken in time otherwise there may be some fear of a Suffocation VIII Such a Patient must be purged every fifth or sixth day with Pill Cochiae or Golden Pills Diaphoenicon Hiera Picra Diacarthamum Infusion of Agaric or any other Flegm purging Medicine IX To abate the quantity of Flegm and hinder the Generation of it between the days of purging Apozems of the Roots of Elecampane Acorus Calamint Fennel Thyme Rosemary Marjoram Hyssop Wind-expelling Seeds c. and Conditments and Powders of the same to strengthen the Bowels X. And at the same time Topics may be applied to cut and attenuate the viscous Humor and open the Pores of the Salival Channels XI The Patient also may wash her Mouth with this Decoction â„ž Hyssop Calamint Marjoram Flowers of Camomil an M. j. Anise and Fennel-seed Ê’iij White-wine q. s. Boil them to lbj To the Straining add Syrup of Hore-hound and Hyssop an Ê’vj XII After washing let the Ranulae be rubbed with this Powder â„ž Dry Hyssop Common Salt an Ê’ij Calamint and Root of Elecampane an Ê’j for a Powder XIII If these things will not discuss the Tumor it must be Chyrurgions Work to cut the Tumor athwart with a deep Incision and bring out the Matter therein contained and then to wash the Mouth with the aforesaid Water or some other Astringent wherein you may mix a little Allum XIV If after Consolidation of the Wound the Tumor return again then make a Cross-like Incision upon the Superficies without hurting the inner Membrane and separating the upper Pellicle that lies upon it lay bare the whole Vesicle on both sides the Bridle of the Tongue and cut it out as deep as may be and then close up the Wound Otherwise you may take away the Vesicle by a potential or actual Cautery Neither is there any danger of any
the Distemper continued till after the fourteenth day being accompany'd with a Fever and other bad Symptoms from that time forward he felt his Pain and his Fever much abated only a ponderous heaviness troubled him about the Ribs in the side affected About the twentieth day the Fever still continuing though very slight he felt a troublesome Ponderosity with a little Pain upon his Diaphregma chiefly on the left side and if he turned from one side to the other of a suddain he felt a certain Humor to flow down the Fluctuation of which was manifestly to be heard in the motion of his Body forward He had also a dry Cough but spit little or nothing he could hardly fetch his breath especially if he lay upon his right side he was faint and weak easily and often sweat he loathed Victuals and desired rather Drink then Meat I THis Man was afflicted with an Empyema which is a Collection of Corruption in the Cavity of his Breast II. This Disease is known by the Signs preceding and present The preceding Signs are the Pleurisie it self Then the Pain and Fever ceasing with any manifest Evacuation by Spittle whence that heaviness about the Ribs in the side affected The present Signs are the heaviness upon the Diaphregma the fluctuation of the Humor upon Motion of the Body and a Cough to no purpose with faintness weakness difficulty of Breathing and loathing of Victuals III. The Matter was not Evacuated by Spittle 1. because the Lungs of this Patient did not stick close to the place affected 2. Because the Matter in the Cavity of the Breast could not enter the Lungs through the Pores of the Membrane investing the Lungs 3. Because perhaps the Pores of this Mans Lungs were so narrow as not to admit such sort of thicker Humors IV. The Pain and Fever abated because the sharp matter of the Inflammation was turned to Matter and so rendred more gentle The quantity of which Matter contained within the Membrane troubled the Ribs of the affected side with its Ponderosity But upon breaking the Aposthume about the twenty fifth day the Matter flowing into the Cavity of the Breast molested the Diaphragma with its weight and the Fluctuation of it was easily perceived in the Motion of the Body For the weight hindred the depressed Diaphragma from moving freely which caused the Pain in Breathing especially if he lay upon his right side for that besides the Diaphragma the right Lobe of the Lungs is compressed by the weight of the Matter lying upon the Mediastinum V. The slight Cough proceeds from the Vellication of the exterior Tunicle of the Lungs caused by the Acrimony of the Corruption But nothing is spit forth because the Matter touches only the outside of the Lungs but never enters the Aspera Arteria VI. The Patient is faint by reason of Respiration hindred and weak as having been weakned by the acute preceding Disease And the Stomach and Liver being weakened by the same Cause thence debility of Concoction and loss of Appetite and loathing of Meat but drink is still desired to quench the drought of the Fever VII This is a dangerous Distemper 1. Because Respiration is damnified 2. Because it follows an acute Disease that has much wasted the Body already 3. By reason of the Difficulty to Evacuate the Matter out of the Breast 4. Because if the Matter stay but a short time it will putrifie and corrupt the Lungs 5. Physic is uncertain 6. Chyrurgery dangerous VIII Therefore after a gentle Evacuation of the Belly Expectorating Medicaments are to be made use of to try if the Matter may be drawn away that way IX To which purpose let him take this Apozem â„ž Roots of Elecampane â„¥ j. Florence Orrice Ê’ ij Licorice shav'd â„¥ s. Hyssop white Hore-hound Venus-hair Violet-leaves an M. j. red Cabbage M. ij Anise-seed Ê’ ij Four greater cold Seeds an Ê’ j. s. Raisins cleansed â„¥ iij. Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. To which add Syrup of Horehound Hyssop Oxymel an â„¥ j. Let him take three or four Doses in a day Now and then also let him take a lick of the following Looch â„ž Syrup of Horehound Hyssop Iujubes an â„¥ j. Saffron Pulverized ℈ j. Mix them for a Looch Turpentine also reduced to a Cream with White of an Egg in Barley Water and sweetned with Sugar may be very proper in this Case For though these Medicaments be hot yet the Fever being small there is more regard to be had to the Cause which being taken away the Fever will soon go off X. If these or such like Medicaments will not bring away the Matter in a Fortnight there is no more to be expected from Physic So that the last Remedy must be the Chyrurgeons hand XI To that purpose the Chest is to be cut through as far as the inner Cavity with a sharp Pen-knife under the Arm-pit between the fifth and sixth Rib so as not to hurt the Intercostal Vein Nerve or Artery nor must the hole be very large but such as will admit a Silver hollow Pipe which is presently to be put in after the Incision and so to be fastened that it may not fall out of it self The fore-part also is to be stopt So that the Matter may not flow out without the Chyrurgeons leave Through this Pipe twice a day half a Pint or a Pint of Matter more or less is to be let out according to the quantity of the Matter and the ability of the Patient to endure and then the Pipe is to be stopped again XII When no more Matter flows forth the Lung and inner Cavity is sometimes to be washed with this mixture syring'd into the wound â„ž Decoction of Barley â„¥ v. Spirit of Wine â„¥ iiij Hony of Roses Syrup of Horehound an â„¥ j. Mix them for an Injection to stay within for some hours and then to be drawn â—…ut again through the Pipe XIII If the continual Efflux of Matter shews that the Ulcer within is not healed abstergent and vulnerary Decoctions must be used and Injections moderately drying and abstergent And the Pipe is to be kept in the Wound till no more Matter flow forth and then to be taken out and the wound to be closed XIV The Patients Diet must be attenuating and abstergent as Meats condited with Chervil Hyssop red Cabbage Beets Fennel Almonds Raisins His Drink sweetned with Sugar or Hony or Hydromel Moderate Sleep and a soluble Body and let him be sure to avoid Passion and Anger HISTORY III. Of a Cough A Merchant in the prime of his Years taking no care of his Diet and many times traveling in cold and hot in fair and fowl Weather and many times ill fortified against the external Air the last Autum began to be troubled with a Pose and toward Winter with a terrible Cough that lasted all the Winter long Many times his Cough was extreamly violent especially toward the Evening for an hour together at what time he
2. The next things required are to hinder the Defluxions of Catarrhs to the Lungs 3. To reform the cold ill Temper of the Head and Lungs 4. To change the Flegmatic Disposition of the Body and abate the cold Humors abounding in the whole XIV In the first place let him take a common Glister or a Suppository Let him use a thin Diet and Sawce his Meat with Hyssop Sage Betony Saffron Anise Fennel Raisins and the like XV. Let him often take a Spoonful of this Syrrup ℞ Syrup of Hyssop Horehound Preserved Ginger and Roots of candied Elecampane an ℥ s. Compounded Magistral Oxymel ℥ j. Mix them Also in the Morning and about five a clock in the Afternoon let him take one dram of this Powder in a little Malmsey Wine Hydromel or Broth. ℞ Roots of Elecampane ʒj Root of Florence Orrice Seed of Bishops-weed an ʒj Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. Musch gr j. White Sugar Candy ʒiij To which add Oyl of Anise drops iiij or v. XVI The Fit ceasing let him be purged once a Week with Cochiae or Golden Pills Hiera Picra or some Phlegmagog Infusion Blood-letting is not convenient XVII Upon other days let him use this Apozem ℞ Root of Elecampane Fennel an ℥ j. Acorus and Licorice sliced an ʒv Marjoram Scabious Venus Hair Hyssop white Horehound Savine an M. j. Iuniper Berry ℥ s. Anise and Fennel-seed an ʒij s. Raisins cleansed ℥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. Add to the Straining Magistral Oxymel Syrup of Stoechas Horehound an ℥ j. Mix them for an Apozem XVIII Also let him often take a small quantity of this Conditement ℞ Specier Dianthos Diambr an ʒj Root of Elecampane candied conserve of Flowers of Sage Anthos an ʒv Syrup of Elecampane q. s. Mix them for a Conditement XIX To evacuate the Flegm out of the whole Body Decoctions of Saffafrass and Sassaperil are very proper adding at the end some proper Cephalic and Pectoral Ingredients to corroborate the Head and Lungs Also let him wear a Cephalic Quilt upon his Head and lastly let him make an Issue in one Arm or in the Neck XX. If the Patient mend upon the use of these Medicins for removal of the farther Cause of this Mischief let him take every other day in a Morning a Draught of this medicated Wine ℞ Root of Elecampane dry ℥ s. Of Florence Hyssop Ialop an ʒj s. Hyssop white Horehound an M. s. Iuniper Berries ℥ s. Anise and Fennel-seed an ʒj s. white Agaric ℈ v. Lucid Aloes ℈ iiij Tye them up in a Bag and hang them in four or five pound of White-wine XXI For preservation let him use this Bolus twice a Week for three Weeks together ℞ Venice Turpentine ʒiij white Sugar ʒij Mix them for a Bolus to be swallowed in a Wafer moistned in Malmsey Wine XXII His Diet has been already prescribed His Drink must be small his Sleep and Exercise moderate and let him be sure to keep his Body soluble and regular HISTORY V. Of the Quinancy A Young Man about thirty years of Age fleshy strong and Plethoric having overheated himself with hard Labour and being very thirsty drank a large Draught of small Ale brought him out of a cold Cellar So that not able to endure the Coldness of the Drink in his Chaps he was forced to take the Pot from his Mouth Soon after he felt a certain Narrowness with a Burning in his Chaps and from thence some kind of Trouble in Breathing and Swallowing which still more and more increased After seven or eight hours a strong Fever seized him with a strong thick and unequal Pulse and the Difficulty of Breathing and Swallowing encreased to that degree that he could hardly breath either sitting or standing and his Drink presently flew back out at his Nostrils His Mouth was dry with an extraordinary Thrist which because he could not swallow no Drink could allay His Tongue looked of a dark Colour and being depressed with an Instrument in the hinder Part an intense Redness appeared but no remarkable Tumor was conspicuous because it lies in a lower Place The Frog-like Veins were thick and tumid His Speech so obstructed that he could hardly be heard Restless he tumbled and tossed and was mighty covetous of the cool Air Without there was no Swelling but an unusual Redness about the Region of the Chaps I. THis terrible Distemper is called Angina or the Quinancy Which is a Difficulty of Breathing and Swallowing proceeding from an Inflammation and Narrowness of the upper Parts of the Throat Larynx and Chaps and always accompanied with a continued Fever II. This is no bastard Quinancy Swelling of the Tonsilae with Redness caused by a Catarrh but a real Angina bred by a meer Inflammation III. The anteceding Cause of this Malady is Redundancy of Blood which being stirred by the original Causes and copiously collected in the Chaps and Muscles of the Larynx and there putrifying becomes the containing Cause But the original Causes were hard Labour and cold Drink the one exciting the Heat the other chilling too soon IV. For the Body and Heart being heated by hard Labour the Blood was rapidly moved by the strong and thick Pulsations of the Heart and swiftly pass'd through the Vessels but the Blood in the little Veins about the Chaps being thickned by the coldness of the cold Drink and the Roots and Orifices of the little Veins being likewise so streightned that the Blood sent continually from the Heart was not able to circulate through those Passages which caused a Detention of much Blood therein thence proceeded the hot Tumor which streigthned the Passages of Respiration and Swallowing and the Blood now no longer under the Regulation of the Heart became inflamed and putrified and part of it communicated to the Heart kindled a continued Fever about seven hours after when the Matter was sufficiently enflamed and the effervescency was become grievous to Nature V. The Fever made the Respiration more difficult because the boiling Blood required more Room and by that means encreased the Tumor and Narrowness of the Passages besides that the feverish Heat requires more Respiration VI. His dryness of Mouth and extream Thirst proceeded from the hot Vapors exhaling partly from the Inflamed Part next the Mouth partly from the Heart and lower Parts by reason of the Fever Nor can he swallow his Drink because the upper Part of the Ossophagus is so compressed and strengthened by the inflamed Tumor that nothing can pass that way so that the Drink is forced to find another Passage back through the Nostrils VII The Intense Redness that appears in the Chaps proceeds from the abundance of Blood in those Parts which being denied free Passage through the Frog-like Veins is the Cause that they are swell'd too VIII The Speech is disturb'd by reason of the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx and Difficulty of Breathing IX There was no Tumor conspicuous without because the whole Inflamation lay
thence in good part ascending to the Ventricle to promote Concoction Which is the reason they make no Fermentation so that the Nourishment fluctuates in the Stomach and is vomited up raw Or else they only cause a flatulent dilatation of the Aliments whence a great distention of the Ventricle the occasion of those loud Belches by reason of the Viscosity of the crude Matter therein contained IV. The deprav'd disposition of the chylifying Bowels was contracted by disorderly Diet and the long use of Meats thick sharp and hard to be digested out of which an unconcocted Chylus and out of that a crude and not easily dilated Blood was generated which being carry'd to the chyllfying Bowels could not be master'd conveniently by them and so by degrees they became debilitated and vitiously disposed V. By reason of an ill concocted Chylus and the crude humors collected and bred in the Ventricle it acquir'd a cold ill Temper which render'd it unable to perform its duty by bringing the sermentaceous Matter sticking to its Tunicles to any farther perfection VI. A great part of the Flegmatic humors abounding in the Blood passes through the Reins hence the Urine becomes pale and thick and the sediment like it VII There is no Feyer because no Putrefaction nor excessive Sulphureous Effervescency VIII This is a dangerous Disease because it threatens an utter decay of the natural strength for want of Nourishment IX In the Cure the Body is to be often purged with Hiera Picra Diaphaenicon Cochiae Pills Infusion of Agaric and the like X. Then this Apozem is to be prescribed of which he is to take three or four times aday â„ž Roots of Elecampane Calamus Aromatic an â„¥ j. Roots of Zedoary and Tamarischs an â„¥ s. Germander Dodder Baum an M. j. Leaves of Lawrel Marjoram an M s. Iuniper-berries Orange-peels an â„¥ s. Anise and Fennel seed an Ê’ ij Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water and Wine equal parts Make an Apozem of lb j s. XI The Stomach and other Bowels are to be corroborated with some such Conditement â„ž Ginger condited Candied Elecampane root Candied Orange-peel Conserve of Anthos and Flowers of Sage an â„¥ s. Oyl of Iuniper ℈ j. of Anife gut viij Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves an gut j. or ij Syrup of Elecampane q. s. For a Conditement XII If after this the Distemper do not abate give the ensuing Vomit â„ž Leaves of green Asarabacca Ê’ iiij Rhaddish water â„¥ ij Squeeze out the Iuice according to Art then add Vomitive Wine Ê’ jij. Oxymel of Squils â„¥ s. XIII Then Prepare a Medicated Wine of which let him drink a draught every Morning between whiles taking a small quantity of the foresaid Conditement â„ž Roots of Elecampane â„¥ s. of Zedoary Ê’ ij Germander Marjoram Carduâ—…s Benedict an M. s. Orange-peels and Iuniper-berries an Ê’ iij. Anise and Fenel seed an Ê’ j. Cloves Cinnamon an ℈ ij Lucid Aloes ℈ iiij Hang them in a bag in 〈◊〉 iiij of White-wine XIV Forbear Pork pickled and smoaked Meats but observe a Diet of good juice and easie Concoction prepared with Horse Radish-root Majoram Rosemary Sage Lawrel-leaves Anise and Fennel-seeds Pepper Cloves and Spices Let his Drink be middle Ale and Wine and sometimes after Meals let him take a spoonful of Spirit of Wine or Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae Let him sleep and exercise moderately and let him sometime anoint the Region of the Ventricle and Hypocondriums with Oyl of Nutmegs and cover it with the Skin of a Vulture or Wild Cat and let the Excrements of his Body be duly and regularly evacuated HISTORY IV. Of a Hypochondriacal Passion with a Nauseating and Vomiting A Young Man in the Flower of his Age accustomed to hard salt and acid Food living an idle Life for a long time nauseating some sorts of Nourishments sometimes had no Stomach sometimes had too much but with difficulty retained and digested the Aliment received with rumbling distention and pain in his Stomach and many times was cruelly griped in his Guts and all the lower Part of this Belly with an extraordinary rumbling But these Evils were for some time abated by the copious breaking of Wind upward and downward Sometime a saltish Liquor was wont to void it self at his Mouth with an extraordinary nauseating and a slight Vomiting especially in the Morning though it many times happened at other times of the day and upon that evacuation he was somewhat better But about a Month since all these ill accidents began to grow worse For his Vomiting was often and violent so that he threw up whatever he swallowed with a great force which though they had not been long in his Stomach yet they came up very acid and which was more to be admired sometimes after dinner he brought up two or three ounces of a transparent Liquor only as he said himself Saltish and Sowrish Yet he retained both his meat and drink and after that Liquor was come up retained and digested them very well when he did not Vomit the Gripings and Rumblings of his Belly were more troublesome He had no Fever but was thoughtful and sad several Scorbutic Spots appeared also upon his Skin and his Body waxed lean I. HERE several Parts were ill affected chiefly the Stomach Guts and Sweetbread II. This Disease is called a Hypocondriacal Affection which is an acid ill Temper of the Sweet-bread Ventricle Intestines and Parts aâ—…joyning III. The Primary cause proceeds from a saltish and acid ill Temper of the Sweet-bread contracted by irrigular Diet by which the Pancreatic Juice became too salt and acid and that at one time more then another according to the nature of the Aliments received into the Stomach IV. This Juice flowing out of the Sweet-bread into the Duodenum and ascending good Part of it into the Ventricle corrupts the Ferment of it and so causes bad Concoction But if it fall into the Stomach infected with any stinking and depraved quality then it causes loss of Appetite and nauseating and sometimes vomiting But if it flow in over acid then it begets outragious hunger V. From this vitious Concoction and Fermentation arise Distensions Pains Rumblings and much Wind which being belched upward in some measure abates the Distention VI. But if that vitious Juice fall altogether down to the Intestines then the Decoâ—…tion is better the nauseating less However a vitious Effervescency excited in the Guts from whence Wind Rumblings Roarings Pains and Distensions of the Intestines VII The Liquor flowing out at the Mouth with a nauseousness is the Pancreatic Juice carried up to the Head and through nauseousness ejected out at the Mouth together with the Salival Liquor VIII Which Pancreatic Juice growing afterwards more sharp and deprav'd and more violently twinging the Stomach causes a frequent and violent Vomit Which if it happen after Meals to break forth through those Aliments into the upper Part of the Stomach as it causes a great nauseousness alone is vomited up alone the Aliments remaining in the Stomach where
they are well digested that vitious Ferment being Evacuated IX There is no Fever because no Putrefaction X. He is thoughtful and sad for that by reason of the acid Humors mixed with the Blood the many Animal Spirits are generated somewhat thicker in the Brain so that they do not pass so chearfully and orderly through the narrow Pores of the Brain which makes the Patient thoughtful and musingly Melancholly XI The Body is emaciated because the first Concoction is not well performed which infects the Blood with a Scorbutic quality that renders it more unapt for Nutrition XII This Disease is dangerous for fear of an absolute Atrophy and Consumption of the Natural strength XIII Therefore in the Cure let the Patient be Purged once in eight days with an Infusion of Senna Agaric c. adding thereto a little Electuar of Hiera Picra or Diaprunum or with Chochia Pills Extract of Catholicon Powder of Diaturbith and the like Blood-letting signifies little in this Case where there is no Fever XIV If his inclination to Vomit continue give him some such Vomitory â„ž Fresh Leaves of Asarabacca Ê’ iij s. Radish-water an â„¥ ij squeez out the Iuice then add Antinomiate Wine Ê’ iij. Oxymel of Squills â„¥ s. XV. Let him take three times a day some convenient Apozem like this that follows â„ž Roots of Tamarisch Capers Polypody of the Oak Elecampane an Ê’ vj. Germander M. j. s. Baum Betony Borage Dodder an M. j. Leaves of Lawrel Water Trefoyl an M. s. Orange-peels Ê’ vj. Anise and Fennel-seed an Ê’ j. s Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Make an Apozem to lb j. s. XVI Between whiles let him take a small quantity of this Conditement â„ž Roots of Elecampane Orange-peels Condited Conserve of Borage Baum Flowers of Sage an â„¥ s. Oyl of Anise drops xij Syrup of Elecampane q. s. XVII In a great distention of the Maw and Intestines with Faintness and Pain such a Bolus will be very proper â„ž Treacle Ê’ j. Crabs Eys prepared ℈ j. Oyl of Annise drops iiij Mix them for a Bolus XVIII Instead of his Apozem sometimes in a Morning fasting give him a Dose of this Powder in Ale or Broth. â„ž Crabs-Eyes prepared Ê’ ij Red Coral prepared Ê’ s. Amber prepared Ê’ s. Make a Powder to be divided into four Doses XIX Let his Diet be of good and easily digested Nourishment avoiding all dry'd smoak'd acid sowre rank and crude Victuals Let his Drink be sound stale Ale and small Wine but not acid Let him Sleep and Exercise moderately and evacuate duly and regularly AN INDEX OF MATTER Contained in the TREATISES OF THE Small-Pox Measles AND THE CURES and DISPUTATIONS following AGue Tertian 134 140 Ague Bastard 135 151 156 St. Anthonie's-fire Apoplexy 185 Appetite lost 113 Apthae 204 205 Arabian's Opinion of the Causes of the Small Pox. 4 An Asthma 44 216 The Author rejects the Opinions of all the Physicians concerning the Small-Pox 6 Avicins Opinion concerning the Causes of the Small-Pox 4 B. Bâ—…thing in the Small-Pox dangerous 37 Belly-bound 150 Blear ey'dness whether contagious 109 Bleeding at the Nose 52 116 200 Blindness 197 Bloodletting when to be admitted in the Small-Pox 13 34 Bloodshot Eyes 195 To break the Pox more speedily 19 b. Breath stinking 83 A Burning 64 Burstness of the Guts 86. With a Gangrene 122 C. Camphire debilitates Venery 79. a. b. A Canine Apetite 233 Carus 178 Catalepsis 179 A Catarrh Chimical dissolutions of little use 15 a. Chyrurgical Helps for the Small-Pox 12 Cinnamon water the use of it in the Small-Pox 35 Cholic 98 137 Coma a Disease so called 174 Ill consequences of catching of Cold in the Small-Pox 26 a. b. Concoction difficult 234 A Consumption 75 123 224 Convulsions Epileptic 133 Convulsion 189 Coverlets red contribute to expel the Small-Pox 15 A Cough 158. 214 Cupping-Glasses improper 13 Cure of the Measles 24. a D. Deafness 160 The Diagnostic Signs of the Small-pox 7 Diagnostic Signs of the Measles 23. b Diaphoretics for the Small-pox 14 Diarrhea 120 Duncan Liddel defends the Opinion of the Arabians 5 What Diâ—… convenient in the Small-pox 10 A Disentery 59 61 73 74 A Dysury 47 E. Emplasters hurtful 15 Empyema 212 Epilepsie 190 Epileptic Convulsions vid. Swoonings Epithemes hurtful 15 Evacuations monthly dangerous in the Small-Pox 32. a. b Expulsâ—…oes the several Sorts 14 External Parts how to cure 19. a. Exulcerations how to cure them 22. a. Eyes how to preserve 20 Eye-lid seized by the Small-Pox how to cure 37 Eye-lids closed by a Wound 46 F. Face swell'd with a Fall 142 Fever Malignant 69 70 72 Tertian Intermitting 115 Female Purgations suppressed 61. 80. 91 Fernelius of the Small-Pox 5 Figs the use of them in the Small-Pox 15. b The Vertues of them 16. a Fissure of the Skull 102 Fomentations hurtful 15 French-Pox 118 G. Gallic Fever 66 Gargles 19. b Gentilis of the Small-pox 5 Giddiness 181 A Gonorrhea 37 Gout in the Knee 97 Gouâ—… 154 H. Head-ach 80 103 128 163 Hickup 104 Several Histories of the Small-pox 25 26 27 28 29 c and Measles 38 Hoarsness 49 House-Swallows 13 A Hurt upon the Shin 78 The Hydrocephalus 208 Hypochondriachal Passion 235 Hysterical Suffocation 111 I. Imagination the Strength of it 29 Inflammation of the Lungs 41 221 Internal Bowels may be seized by the Small-Pox 27. a Internal Parts how to â—…re 15. b The Itch. 52 160 Itching in the Measles how to prevent 24. a K. Kidneys pain'd 95 Kings-Evil 143 L. Lethargy 176 What Lotions to be rejected 22. a M. Madness 173 Of the Measles in General 1 Of the Measles in Specie 23. a Melancholy 167. Hypochondriac 169 Mercurialis of the Small-pox 5 Milkie which the best for a Consumption 76. b Milk in a Virgins Breast 132 Mortification of the Legs and Thighs by Cold. 54 The Murr 200 201 N. Nature to be observed in the Cure of the Small-pox 28. a. b Nephritic Passion 63. Pains 125 132 The Night-Mare 183 Noise in the Ears 198 O. An Ophthalmy 108 194 Oyls hurtful 15 P. Pain extream under the Breast-bone 127 Palpitation of the Heart 228 Palsie 50 187 Perforation with a Bâ—…dkin dangerous 21. b Pestilential â—…ever 36 Pharmacutic Remedies 13 A Phrensie 165 Pin and Web. 195 Pitting to prevent 21. a Pits to take them away 22. b The Pleurisie 210 The Pose 200 201 Of the Small-pox in general 1 Of the Small-pox in specie 3 The Causes of the Small-pox 4 The preservative Physic. 9 The prognostic Signs of the Small-pox 8 Prognostic Signs of the Measles 23. b Purgatives whether proper or no. 13 Purging violent 82 Purples 24. a. b. 32 Q. Quick-silver good for the Worms 153 Quinancy 218 R. The Ranula 206 a Red Spots how to take them away 22. a Remedies not to be changed when truly applied 28. b S. Saffron the Use of it in the Small-pox 35 A Scald 46 Scars to prevent 21. a Sâ—…iatica 146 Scurvy 128. When first known 129
kill'd Hildan tells a remarkable Story of a Gentleman who was Thunder-struck himself at what time his own Horse and his Man with another Horse were both killed out right The Gentleman's Cloaths were torn to Peices and his Sword melted the Scabbord receiving no harm only that the Iron Chape was melted at the same time Therefore says Cardan upon this Motion not only causes a greater Penetration but kindles the Heat it self and renders the Fire hotter Therefore it is no wonder there should be such a force in Lightning and that a Fire so different from the Nature of other Fires should work Miracles for by reason of the Swiftness of its Motion it not only penetrates more but the Fire is also hotter than any other Fire For what other Fire is there that kills by touching This is peculiar to this Fire that is the hotest of most hot or as I may say the Fire of Fires And therefore sometimes it melts the Money in the Purse and leaves the Purse untouched c. OBSERVATION XCVII A Cough NIcolaus Kerckwegg in the Vigor of his Age was troubled with a lamentable Cough for three or four years he was nothing but Skin and Bone and seemed to be perfectly Ptisical When after he had tried several others in vain he came to me I examined the Condition both of the Person and the Disease I looked upon his Spittle which was slimy and tough without any Matter or Blood therefore I could not judge him to be in a real Consumption but that the Cough proceeded from a Cathar falling upon his Lungs which in a long time of continuance had weakned not only his Lungs but his whole Body For Cure I prescribed him a proper Diet and some few Remedies for that his Antipathy against Physic and his Weakness would not permit me to give many Therefore having gently purged his Body I ordered him to take a Draught of the following Decoction three or four times a day ℞ White Horehound M. iij. Shred it small and steep it all night in common Water lbj▪ s. to which the next day add the Head of one white Poppy shred into bits Leaves of Hyssop M. j. Oxymel lbj. s. Boil them in an earthen Pipkin close stopped to the Consumption of the third Part and keep the Straining for your Use. This Decoction he continued for three or four months till at length the Cough abated every day more and more and at length ceased the Man also having recovered his Strength and growing fat and lusty so continued without any further Molestation OBSERVATION XCVIII An Uterine Suffocation THE Wife of a Brick-layer at Nimeghen about twenty eight years of Age in Iuly was troubled with a Suffocation of her Womb with a great pain in her Left-side and difficulty of Breath Being sent for about Evening I gave her the following Draught which when she had taken the Malady ceased in part and so she slept quietly that Night ℞ English Saffron Castoreum an gr v. Trochischs of Myrrh ℈ s. Prepared Amber ℈ j. Treacle ℈ ij Treacle-water ℥ j. Mugwort ℥ s. Oyl of Amber gut ix Mix them for a Draught The next day her Fit returned with the same vehemency and because she had not been at Stool in three or four days I gave her this Purge ℞ Leaves of Senna ℥ s. Lovage-seed ʒj s. Mugwort-water q. s. Make an Infusion then add to the Straining Elect. Diaphenicon Hiera Picra an ʒj s. For a Potion This gave her five Stools the Suffocation remaining nay growing more violent than before wherefore I prescribed her the following Decoction of which she drank warm an ounce or an ounce and a half every hour which after she had continued the whole day her Evacuations came down and the Suffocation vanished ℞ Roots of Masterwort Valerian an ℥ s. Dittany Briony an ʒiij Savine M. j. Seed of Lovage ʒvj Of wild Carrots ʒij White-wine q. s. Boil them for an Apozem to lbj. s. OBSERVATION XCIX Deafness THE Wife of Henry Iordens in the Month of August complained that for half a year she had been troubled with a very great Deafness so that she could hear nothing but very loud Noises She was about forty years of age and during this Deafness had been all along very hard bound in her Body so that she seldom went to Stool in four or five days for which reason I judged that many Vapors ascended up to her Brain which furring the auditory Nerve and Tympanum caused this Deafness Thereupon after I had well purged her Body with Pills I ordered her every Evening when she went to Bed to swallow two Pills of Lucid Aloes about the bigness of a Pea by taking of which her Body was naturally loosned and so that great Deafness within a Fortnight was quite taken away to the Admiration of many ANNOTATIONS THE Head like a Lembick receives the Vapors of all the Parts that lye underneath Which if they are carried thither in greater abundance than can be digested and discussed by the Brain causes various Diseases of the Head Pains Catarrhs Ophthalmies Deafness c. And this abounding Ascent of copious Vapours chiefly happens to those that are bound in their Bodies For this reason if the Deafness have not been of a very long standing then the Malady is easily cured by loosning the Body by which means the morbific Matter is derived to the Intestines Which Celsus intimates where he says Nothing more prevails against Deafness than a Choleric Belly For which Galen gives this Reason because that Choler being carried to the Auditory Passages and causing Deafness if it be removed from those Parts to the lower Parts the Deafness is cured by Choleric Stools Neither is this only true in Deafness but in Ophthalmies and other Affections of the Head according to that Saying All Stools below remove the Diseases of the Superior Parts Which is to be understood not only of Evacuations of Choler but of all other Evacuations by Stool Hippocrates and Celsus speak particularly of Choleric Humors because they occasion Deafness more than any other Humor in regard that Choler has a familiar passage to the Ears as appears by the Bitterness of the Excrement of the Ears Which Mercurialis believes that Nature carries thither meerly to cleanse the Auditory Organ and keep it clean Wherefore in such Maladies of the Head purging Medicins that mollifie the Belly are of great use partly to hinder the Ascent of such Humors and Vapors partly to draw off such as are already got up into the Head of which we saw the happy Event in our Patient For though there be no conspicuous Passage for the Descent of those Humors from the Brain yet Nature finds out ways unknown to us by which she evacuates the Morbific Matter and rids her self of many Distempers OBSERVATION C. The Itch. A Young Gentlewoman had got the Scab which chiefly infested her Hands with an extraordinary Itching This Malady had continued for half a year and
because it began to spread more and more I was sent for Thereupon after I had purged her Body I ordered her to wash her Hands with equal parts of mercuriated Water and Virgins Milk and to let them dry of themselves By which means the Scabbiness came forth more and more for two or three days but within three or four days afterwards wholly dry'd up and was cured OBSERVATION CI. A Malady in the Stomach ISaac of Aix la Chapelle forty six years of age was troubled with an old Distemper in his Stomach occasioned by difficult and painful Belchings so that after he had eat or drank any thing he was forced to belch fifty and sometimes a hundred times and more and that often both by day and by night neither could he stop them or if they did not break forth he was like one that was ready to burst Besides his Sight was very weak so that he could not see to read or write without Spectacles and that at a very near distance too and thus he had been troubled from the twentieth year of his Age till then He had had the Advice of several Physicians to no purpose upon which I desired him to try only one Experiment which was to smoak one Pipe of Tobacco after Dinner and Supper At first he took but half a Pipe but afterwars he grew such a Proficient that he would take two or three so that after he had continued the use of Tobacco in that manner for about a month his Belching ceased and his Sight was much amended ANNOTATIONS NIcholas Monardes writes that Tobacco is hot and dry in the second degree and therefore attenuates concocts cleanses discusses asswages Pain and has a stupifying Quality is good against the Tooth-ach allays all Pains of the Head being outwardly applied and laid upon the cold Stomach cuts the same c. Which Qualities Dodonaeus acknowledges also in Tobacco But in regard that in their time this Plant was not so much in request the Benefit and Abuse of it was less known to them than to us Practical Disputations OF Isbrand de Diemerbroeck Concerning the DISEASES OF THE HEAD BREAST and LOWER BELLY The Cures of the chief Diseases of the whole Head in Twenty Five Disputations annexed to the Cases of the Patients themselves HISTORY I. Of the Head-ach A Person of forty years of age of a Flegmatic Constitution often liable to Catarrhs in the midst of VVinter in a very cold Season had travelled for forty Days together and by the way had fed upon flatulent viscous Meats of hard Digestion and other such kind of Food to which he had not been accustomed and instead of VVine he had been forced to drink thick muddy Ale Upon his return home he complained of a troublesome Pain in his Head more heavy and obtuse than acute which if you laid your hand hard upon the place was so far from being exasperated that it was more gentle for the time This Pain was also accompanied with Noises in his Ears an Inclination to Sleep which his Pain however would not permit him to take and a want of Appetite a Lassitude of the whole Body and Paleness in the Face I. IN this Patient we find the Head to be first affected by the Pain thereof and the Noise in his Ears Whence by consent the whole Body suffers as appears by his Lassitude and other Simptoms II. The Malady of which he chiefly complains is a Pain in the Head which is a trouble to the Sense of Feeling in the membranous Parts caused by the Solution of the Continuum III. This Pain is internal in the Parts contained within the Skull as is from hence apparent for that it is not exasperated but somewhat mitigated by laying the Hand hard upon the Part. IV. The remote Cause of this Malady is disorderly Diet by which means by the use of Meats of ill Juice and hard Concoction several crude and flegmatic Humors are generated in the whole Body but especially in the Head which produce the Antecedent Cause which being encreased by the external Cold wherein he had traveled for four days together and fixed in the membranous Parts of the Brain occasioned the containing Cause V. These flegmatic Humors being by the external Cold condensed in the Head and not being evacuated through the Pores obstructed by the Cold or other Passages appointed for the Evacuation of the Excrement were gathered together in great abundance in the Passages of the Brain and by reason of their quantity distending the membranous Parts of the Brain and dissolving the Continuum caused the Pain VI. The Cure is to be hastned for if that flegmatic Humor stay long in the Head 't is to be feared that the Malady may turn to a heavy Drowsiness or an Apoplexie or if it dissolve too soon and make too improper a way least it cause some dangerous Catarrh which falling upon the Lungs or lower Parts may endanger a violent Cough or Suffocation or some other desperate Distemper in some other part VII Four Indications are here to be considered in order to the Cure 1. That the abounding Flegm be evacuated from the Head and whole Body 2. That it be specially evacuated out of the Head it self 3. That the Pain be allay'd 4. That the Head be strengthened and the Concoctions of the Bowels be promoted and so a new Generation of abounding Flegm as well in the Head as whole Body be prevented and that the Flegm already generated and abounding may be consumed VIII For the Evacuation of Flegm abounding in the whole Body let him take this purging Draught ℞ Trochischs of Agaric ʒj Leaves of Senna cleansed ℥ s. Anise-seed ʒj s. White Ginger ℈ j. Decoction of Barley q. s. make an Infusion Then add to the Straining Elect. Diaphaenicon ʒij Diagredion gr iiij Mix them for a Draught If the Patient cannot take this give him of Pill Cochiae ℈ ij or iij. or else ʒj of Powder of Diacarthamum or Diaturbith with Rhubarb This Purgation must be repeated to prepare the Humors three or four times every three or four days one after another IX For Evacuation of the Flegm particularly accumulated in the Head Sternutories and Errhines are of great use The one because they draw down viscous and tough Humors through the Nostrils and Palate The other because the Brain being by them provoked and violently contracting it self as violently expels tough Humors sticking to the Ethmoides Bone and by removing the Obstruction makes way for the Excrements detained therein X. Of this Sneezing-powder let him twice or thrice a day snuff up a little into his Nose ℞ Marjoram Leaves ℈ j. Root of white Hellebore ℈ j. s. Pellitory of Spain ℈ s. Black Pepper Benjamin an gr v. If Sneezing prevail not let him snuff up a little of the following Errhin into his Nostrils ℞ Iuice of Marjoram ℥ s. Iuice of the Root of white Beets ℥ j. Mix them for an Errhin XI In the mean time to allay