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side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o increase_a as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v away_o they_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n ascend_v copious_o enough_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o there_o quick_o break_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o wideness_n of_o the_o glass_n allow_v they_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n they_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n to_o make_v it_o swell_v the_o water_n scarce_o ever_o rise_v at_o all_o above_o the_o mark_n affix_v to_o its_o upper_a surface_n when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o return_n permit_v to_o the_o outward_a air_n and_o consequent_o the_o shrink_n in_o of_o the_o remain_a bubble_n the_o water_n seem_v to_o have_v lose_v of_o its_o first_o extent_n by_o the_o avolation_n of_o the_o former_o interspersed_a air._n be_v willing_a likewise_o to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v by_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o minute_n part_n and_o then_o reunite_v more_o or_o less_o 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latter_a we_o put_v a_o long_o cylinder_n or_o rod_n of_o solid_a glass_n to_o straighten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n by_o almost_o fill_v it_o up_o and_o then_o pour_v some_o distil_a water_n into_o that_o also_o till_o it_o reach_v within_o some_o finger_n breadth_n of_o the_o top_n the_o egg_n be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o this_o experiment_n the_o air_n be_v so_o far_o draw_v forth_o before_o there_o appear_v any_o bubble_n in_o either_o of_o the_o glass_n that_o the_o disparity_n betwixt_o this_o and_o common_a water_n be_v manifest_a enough_o but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o quite_o pump_v out_o the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o and_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n decrease_v but_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mention_v philosophical_a egg_n the_o bubble_n be_v very_o small_a and_o never_o able_a to_o swell_v the_o water_n that_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o at_o all_o above_o 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remain_v above_o twenty_o four_o hour_n in_o the_o receiver_n we_o afterward_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n to_o try_v what_o change_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o external_a air_n will_v produce_v in_o the_o water_n after_o the_o internal_a and_o latitant_fw-la air_n have_v as_o be_v above_o recite_v in_o great_a measure_n get_v away_o in_o bubble_n and_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o water_n will_v by_o stand_v re-admit_a any_o new_a particle_n of_o air_n in_o the_o room_n of_o those_o that_o have_v forsake_v it_o but_o though_o we_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n very_o diligent_o yet_o we_o scarce_o see_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o of_o the_o glass_n notwithstanding_o which_o we_o perceive_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v about_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n or_o more_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o glass_n wherein_o the_o solid_a cylinder_n have_v be_v put_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o other_o glass_n not_o sensible_o swell_v and_o last_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air_n the_o 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a_o barleycorn_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o so_o attain_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n above_o the_o mark_n former_o mention_v and_o at_o length_n to_o make_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o evident_a the_o outward_a air_n be_v sudden_o let_v in_o and_o the_o water_n immediate_o subside_v and_o desert_v all_o the_o space_n it_o have_v new_o gain_v in_o the_o glass_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o lordship_n here_o though_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o in_o another_o paper_n to_o another_o purpose_n with_o another_o expedient_a that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n ago_o to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o water_n have_v a_o spring_n in_o it_o about_o that_o time_n then_o that_o great_a and_o learned_a promoter_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n dr._n wilkins_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o come_v himself_o and_o bring_v some_o of_o his_o inquisitive_a friend_n 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in_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o satisfy_n myself_o about_o the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o intend_v to_o let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n a_o vessel_n of_o water_n wherein_o shall_v be_v immerse_v a_o very_a small_a oil_a bladder_n almost_o devoid_a of_o air_n but_o strong_o tie_v up_o at_o the_o neck_n with_o a_o string_n and_o detain_v a_o little_a under_o water_n by_o such_o a_o weight_n fasten_v to_o that_o string_n as_o shall_v just_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o bladder_n from_o swim_v and_o no_o more_o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o if_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v the_o receiver_n be_v empty_v in_o case_n there_o be_v any_o such_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o water_n as_o i_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v the_o air_n within_o the_o bladder_n be_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n free_v from_o that_o pressure_n and_o be_v press_v only_o by_o the_o small_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v considerable_o 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air_n the_o bubble_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o water_n as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o though_o for_o a_o good_a while_n after_o the_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o swarm_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o hasty_o break_v at_o the_o top_n yet_o we_o prosecute_v the_o experiment_n so_o long_o without_o see_v any_o effect_n wrought_v upon_o the_o essence_n bottle_n that_o we_o begin_v to_o despair_v of_o see_v either_o of_o they_o rise_v but_o continue_v to_o ply_v the_o pump_n that_o little_a glass_n who_o mouth_n be_v open_v come_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o thither_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n that_o have_v fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o side_n of_o it_o swim_v thus_o with_o the_o mouth_n downward_o we_o can_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o internal_a air_n above_o mention_v have_v much_o delate_a itself_o and_o thereby_o seem_v to_o have_v contribute_v to_o the_o emerge_n of_o the_o 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it_o contain_v amount_v to_o one_o and_o twenty_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a and_o as_o much_o air_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o fill_v it_o weigh_v eleven_o grain_n the_o proportion_n in_o gravity_n of_o air_n to_o water_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n will_v be_v as_o one_o to_o 938._o and_o though_o we_o can_v not_o fill_v the_o aeolipile_n with_o water_n so_o exact_o as_o we_o will_v yet_o in_o regard_n we_o can_v not_o either_o as_o perfect_o as_o we_o will_v drive_v the_o air_n out_o of_o it_o by_o heat_n we_o think_v the_o proportion_n may_v well_o enough_o hold_v but_o those_o that_o be_v delight_v with_o round_a number_n as_o the_o phrase_n be_v will_v not_o be_v much_o mistake_v if_o they_o reckon_v water_n to_o be_v near_o a_o thousand_o time_n heavy_a than_o air._n and_o for_o further_a proof_n that_o we_o have_v make_v the_o proportion_n betwixt_o these_o two_o body_n rather_o great_a then_o lesser_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v and_o also_o to_o confirm_v our_o former_a 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i_o if_o i_o can_v not_o by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o and_o our_o other_o observation_n decide_v the_o controversy_n of_o our_o modern_a mathematician_n about_o the_o height_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n by_o determine_v how_o high_a it_o do_v indeed_o reach_v i_o shall_v answer_v that_o though_o it_o seem_v easy_a enough_o to_o show_v that_o divers_a famous_a and_o applaud_v writer_n have_v be_v mistake_v in_o assign_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n yet_o it_o seem_v very_o difficult_a precise_o to_o define_v of_o what_o height_n it_o be_v and_o because_o we_o have_v hitherto_o but_o light_o touch_v upon_o a_o matter_n of_o such_o importance_n we_o presume_v it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v impertinent_a upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o annex_v something_o towards_o the_o elucidation_n of_o it_o what_o we_o have_v already_o try_v and_o new_o set_v down_o allow_v we_o to_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o at_o least_o about_o london_n the_o proportion_n of_o gravity_n 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be_v not_o much_o mistake_v we_o take_v then_o a_o glass_n pipe_n of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o invert_v siphon_n who_o shape_n be_v delineate_v in_o the_o sixteenth_o figure_n and_o pour_v into_o it_o a_o quantity_n of_o quick_a silver_n we_o hold_v it_o so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n both_o in_o the_o long_o and_o short_a leg_n lay_v in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n denote_v in_o the_o scheme_n by_o the_o prick_v line_n of_o then_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o siphon_n till_o that_o be_v almost_o fill_v we_o observe_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o that_o leg_n to_o be_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n depress_v as_o from_o e_z to_z b_o and_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n to_o be_v as_o much_o impel_v upward_o as_o from_o f_o to_o g_z whereupon_o have_v former_o stick_v mark_n as_o well_o at_o the_o point_n b_o as_o at_o the_o opposite_a point_n d_o we_o measure_v both_o the_o distance_n dc_o to_o have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o 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as_o lose_v its_o aequilibrium_fw-la by_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n but_o because_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v commit_v a_o oversight_n in_o weigh_v quicksilver_n and_o water_n especial_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o be_v put_v be_v any_o thing_n wide_a in_o regard_n that_o man_n heed_v not_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n in_o vessel_n will_v be_v concave_a but_o that_o of_o quicksilver_n notable_o convex_a or_o protuberant_a to_o avoid_v this_o usual_a oversight_n i_o say_v we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n bubble_n blow_v very_o thin_a at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v too_o heavy_a for_o the_o balance_n and_o terminate_n in_o a_o very_a slender_a neck_n wherein_o the_o concavity_n or_o convexity_n
themselves_o such_o than_o it_o be_v whilst_o the_o wont_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n continue_v unremoved_a it_o may_v indeed_o be_v suspect_v that_o those_o vast_a &_o numerous_a bubble_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o action_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o coral_n but_o from_o the_o sudden_a emersion_n of_o those_o many_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n that_o as_o we_o former_o observe_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v disperse_v in_o liquor_n without_o exclude_v spirit_n of_o vinegar_n but_o have_v have_v this_o suspicion_n before_o we_o try_v the_o experiment_n we_o convey_v our_o distil_a vinager_n alone_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o keep_v it_o awhile_o there_o to_o free_v it_o from_o its_o bubble_n which_o be_v but_o very_o small_a before_o ever_o we_o put_v the_o coral_n into_o it_o it_o may_v be_v suspect_v likewise_o that_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o liquor_n necessary_a follow_v upon_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o pump_v may_v occasion_v the_o recite_v ebullition_n but_o upon_o trial_n make_v there_o appear_v not_o any_o notable_a change_n in_o the_o liquor_n or_o its_o operation_n though_o the_o contain_v vessel_n be_v shake_v provide_v no_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o it_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v another_o time_n try_v in_o another_o small_a receiver_n with_o coral_n gross_o powder_v and_o the_o success_n be_v very_o much_o alike_o scarce_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o the_o coral_n be_v reduce_v to_o small_a part_n upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o liquor_n so_o many_o little_a lump_n of_o coral_n will_v be_v carry_v &_o buoy_z up_o by_o the_o emerge_a bubble_n as_o sometime_o to_o darken_v the_o viol_n though_o the_o same_o coralline_a corpuscle_n will_v be_v let_v fall_n again_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o of_o the_o air._n something_o also_o we_o try_v in_o our_o great_a receiver_n concern_v the_o solution_n of_o metal_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o other_o corrosive_a liquor_n but_o partly_o the_o 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notice_n of_o in_o common_a water_n then_o almost_o fill_v with_o it_o a_o glass_n viol._n capable_a of_o contain_v near_o four_o ounce_n of_o that_o liquor_n we_o convey_v it_o while_o the_o water_n be_v yet_o hot_a into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n big_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o a_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o have_v lute_v on_o the_o cover_n we_o cause_v the_o air_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o upon_o the_o two_o first_o exsuction_n there_o scarce_o appear_v any_o change_n in_o the_o liquor_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o notable_a alteration_n make_v by_o the_o three_o but_o at_o the_o four_o and_o afterward_o the_o water_n appear_v to_o boil_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o if_o it_o have_v stand_v over_o a_o very_a quick_a fire_n for_o the_o bubble_n be_v much_o great_a than_o be_v usual_o find_v upon_o the_o ebullition_n of_o very_a much_o more_o water_n than_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o viol._n and_o this_o effervescence_n be_v so_o great_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o liquor_n boil_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o it_o run_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o sometime_o continue_v though_o more_o languid_o boil_v there_o prosecute_a this_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o first_o ebullition_n we_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v divers_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n before_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v again_o but_o at_o other_o time_n as_o often_o as_o the_o key_n be_v turn_v to_o let_v the_o air_n pass_v from_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n the_o effervescence_n will_v begin_v afresh_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v for_o a_o pretty_a while_n together_o which_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n either_o the_o fiery_a corpuscle_n or_o rather_o the_o vapour_n agitate_a by_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o water_n which_o last_o what_o we_o have_v former_o note_v touch_v the_o rarefy_a water_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n manifest_a to_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o elastical_a power_n be_v permit_v to_o expand_v themselves_o mighty_o in_o the_o evacuated_a receiver_n and_o do_v in_o their_o tumultuous_fw-la dilatio_fw-la lift_v up_o as_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o bubble_n make_v the_o water_n appear_v boil_v this_o conjecture_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o these_o additional_a circumstance_n first_o the_o effervescence_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n the_o low_a remain_v quiet_a unless_o the_o liquor_n be_v but_o shallow_a next_o although_o sometime_o as_o be_v already_o note_v the_o ebullition_n begin_v again_o after_o it_o have_v cease_v a_o pretty_a while_n which_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o some_o concurrent_a cause_n whatever_o that_o be_v do_v a_o little_a modify_v the_o operation_n of_o heat_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o viol_n can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o boil_v any_o more_o the_o selfsame_a water_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o viol_n warm_v again_o and_o reconvey_v into_o the_o pneumatical_a glass_n be_v quick_o bring_v to_o boil_v afresh_o and_o that_o vehement_o and_o long_o enough_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o a_o new_a parcel_n take_v out_o of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o the_o boil_a water_n with_o the_o former_a and_o put_v in_o cold_a can_v by_o no_o pump_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o least_o show_n of_o effervescence_n beside_o have_v try_v this_o experiment_n in_o hot_a salad_n oil_n be_v a_o much_o more_o tenacious_a liquor_n and_o require_v a_o strong_a heat_n to_o make_v it_o boil_v can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o effervescence_n in_o our_o reciver_n whereas_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v thin_a and_o more_o volatile_a be_v present_o make_v to_o boil_v up_o till_o it_o reach_v four_o or_o five_o time_n its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o viol_n in_o who_o bottom_n it_o lay_v and_o continue_v boil_v till_o it_o be_v almost_o reduce_v to_o be_v but_o lukewarm_a wine_n also_o be_v a_o more_o thin_a and_o spirituous_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v convey_v in_o hot_a instead_o of_o the_o oil_n do_v as_o i_o remember_v at_o the_o very_a first_o exsuction_n begin_v to_o boil_v so_o vehement_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n that_o the_o pump_n be_v keep_v move_v four_o part_n of_o five_o by_o our_o guess_n boil_v over_o out_o of_o the_o viol_n though_o it_o have_v a_o pretty_a long_a neck_n on_o which_o occasion_n we_o will_v add_v that_o even_o the_o water_n itself_o near_o one_o half_a will_v sometime_o boil_v over_o into_o the_o receiver_n before_o it_o become_v lukewarm_a and_o it_o be_v also_o remarkable_a that_o once_o when_o the_o air_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o the_o liquor_n do_v upon_o a_o single_a exsuction_n boil_v so_o long_o with_o prodigious_o vast_a bubble_n that_o the_o effervescence_n last_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o rehearse_n of_o a_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la now_o the_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v more_o than_o once_o and_o find_v to_o succeed_v as_o to_o the_o main_a seem_v much_o to_o countenance_v the_o conjecture_n we_o make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o letter_n where_o we_o tell_v your_o lordship_n that_o perhaps_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o more_o phaenomena_n then_o man_n have_v hitherto_o think_v for_o as_o we_o have_v not_o then_o make_v this_o experiment_n so_o now_o we_o have_v make_v it_o it_o seem_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o air_n by_o its_o strong_a or_o weak_a pressure_n may_v very_o much_o modify_v as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v divers_a of_o the_o operation_n of_o that_o vehement_a and_o tumultuous_a agitation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n
willing_a to_o oblige_v all_o man_n he_o have_v already_o provide_v that_o this_o piece_n shall_v short_o be_v do_v into_o latin_a that_o so_o it_o may_v come_v home_o to_o divers_a worthy_a person_n in_o its_o stream_n who_o can_v travel_v to_o find_v it_o out_o in_o its_o first_o origine_fw-la have_v therefore_o leave_v so_o to_o do_v i_o can_v forbear_v to_o give_v the_o world_n the_o advertisement_n of_o this_o latin_a edition_n lest_o some_o skilful_a artist_n shall_v take_v needless_a pain_n about_o a_o work_n which_o will_v ere_o long_o by_o god_n furtherance_n be_v do_v to_o his_o hand_n for_o such_o unprofitable_a expense_n of_o study_n have_v too_o frequent_o happen_v and_o too_o much_o to_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o learning_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a correspondence_n and_o intercourse_n between_o such_o as_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o wisdom_n this_o be_v all_o the_o trouble_n i_o shall_v at_o present_a give_v you_o nor_o shall_v i_o need_v mind_n thou_o if_o you_o have_v a_o true_a gust_n for_o the_o book_n you_o read_v to_o have_v a_o honour_n and_o thankful_a regard_n to_o the_o person_n that_o have_v favour_v we_o with_o the_o communication_n of_o these_o his_o trial_n &_o be_v manifest_o so_o great_a a_o patron_n and_o friend_n to_o experimental_a learning_n and_o all_o true_a wisdom_n for_o shall_v you_o fail_v in_o this_o you_o may_v deserve_o be_v deprive_v of_o some_o other_o observation_n on_o the_o same_o subject_n which_o the_o author_n i_o hear_v have_v make_v since_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v that_o i_o do_v not_o make_v excuse_n for_o the_o slowness_n of_o the_o publication_n hope_v that_o the_o long_a expectation_n you_o have_v have_v of_o it_o will_v enhance_v and_o not_o diminish_v your_o delight_n in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o a_o piece_n like_a to_o be_v among_o the_o student_n in_o accurate_a philosophy_n of_o so_o general_a acceptance_n farewell_o r_o sh._n a_o summary_n of_o the_o chief_a matter_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o epistolical_a discourse_n the_o proaemium_fw-la wherein_o be_v set_v down_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n 1._o the_o motive_n that_o induce_v the_o author_n thereunto_o 2_o etc._n etc._n the_o hint_n he_o receive_v 5._o the_o thing_n wherein_o this_o engine_n excel_v any_o that_o have_v yet_o be_v make_v use_n of_o 6_o etc._n etc._n the_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o its_o part_n 8_o etc._n etc._n the_o way_n of_o prepare_v and_o use_v it_o 15_o etc._n etc._n the_o division_n of_o the_o experiment_n tryable_a thereby_o into_o two_o sort_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o exclude_v the_o air._n 18_o etc._n etc._n the_o first_o experiment_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n and_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o receiver_n be_v empty_v â—0_n etc._n etc._n a_o digression_n touch_v the_o spring_n or_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o air_n with_o a_o attempt_n for_o a_o mechanical_a explication_n thereof_o necessary_a to_o be_v premise_v for_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o this_o and_o the_o subsequent_a experiment_n 22_o etc._n etc._n the_o second_o experiment_n touch_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o body_n it_o environ_n 37_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o digressive_a explication_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n include_v within_o a_o ambient_fw-la body_n 39_o etc._n etc._n the_o three_o experiment_n touch_v the_o force_n requisite_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n 42_o etc._n etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o a_o eminent_a modern_a naturalist_n examine_v 44_o etc._n etc._n the_o four_o experiment_n touch_v the_o swell_n of_o a_o bladder_n with_o the_o degree_n by_o which_o it_o increase_v 45_o etc._n etc._n another_o opinion_n of_o a_o learned_a author_n examine_v 48_o etc._n etc._n the_o five_o experiment_n touch_v the_o break_n of_o a_o bladder_n in_o the_o receiver_n 49_o etc._n etc._n and_o of_o another_o by_o heat_n 52_o the_o six_o experiment_n of_o divers_a way_n by_o which_o the_o elastical_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v measure_v 52_o &c_n &c_n the_o seven_o experiment_n touch_v what_o figure_n do_v best_a resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n 62_o etc._n etc._n the_o eight_o experiment_n tend_v to_o a_o further_a demonstration_n of_o the_o former_a from_o the_o break_n of_o glass_n a_o helmet_n inward_a 64_o etc._n etc._n the_o nine_o experiment_n contain_v a_o further_a confirmation_n from_o the_o break_n of_o a_o glass_n outward_a 66_o etc._n etc._n with_o a_o experiment_n to_o prove_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v not_o from_o a_o invincible_a fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la 69._o a_o description_n of_o other_o small_a receiver_n and_o their_o conveniency_n 70_o etc._n etc._n a_o receipt_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o composition_n to_o cement_v crack_v glass_n 73_o the_o ten_o experiment_n touch_v the_o flame_a of_o candle_n enclose_v in_o the_o receiver_n 74_o etc._n etc._n the_o eleven_o experiment_n touch_v the_o burn_a of_o coal_n 78._o and_o the_o last_a of_o the_o excandescence_n of_o a_o include_v piece_n of_o iron_n 80._o the_o twelve_o experiment_n concern_v the_o burn_a of_o match_n 82_o the_o thirteen_o experiment_n concern_v the_o further_a prosecution_n of_o the_o precede_a tend_v to_o prove_v the_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o former_a experiment_n not_o to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o the_o fume_n 84._o some_o remarkable_a circumstance_n of_o it_o 86._o the_o experiment_n of_o match_n try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n 87_o the_o fourteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o strike_a fire_n and_o kindle_v of_o powder_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o the_o evacuated_a receiver_n 88_o etc._n etc._n the_o fifteen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o unsuccessfulness_n of_o kindle_v include_v body_n with_o a_o burn_a glass_n and_o the_o author_n intention_n to_o prosecute_v it_o further_o 102_o the_o sixteenth_o experiment_n concern_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n 105_o etc._n etc._n the_o seventeen_o experiment_n touch_v the_o gradual_a descent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n 106_o etc._n etc._n some_o observable_a circumstance_n concern_v it_o 112_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o experiment_n try_v in_o one_o of_o the_o small_a receiver_n 115._o how_o this_o experiment_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o know_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n for_o every_o degree_n of_o rarefaction_n 1â—6_n etc._n etc._n the_o trial_n of_o the_o same_o experiment_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o two_o foot_n long_o 118._o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n by_o the_o force_n of_o more_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n 119._o some_o allegation_n for_o and_o against_o a_o vacuum_n consider_v 1â—0_o etc._n etc._n some_o advertisement_n concern_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o measure_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o define_n the_o altitute_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n and_o from_o the_o neglect_n of_o little_a parcel_n of_o air_n apt_a to_o remain_v between_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o tube_n 123_o etc._n etc._n some_o expedient_n for_o the_o more_o exact_a fill_v the_o tube_n 127._o the_o height_n the_o author_n once_o find_v of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n according_a to_o english_a measure_n 128._o the_o eighteen_o experiment_n contain_v a_o new_a observation_n touch_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n in_o the_o same_o tube_n with_o a_o offer_n at_o the_o reason_n thereof_o 129_o etc._n etc._n the_o 19_o experiment_n touch_v the_o subside_v of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n 140_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n 143_o the_o 20_o experiment_n touch_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n with_o a_o digressive_a experiment_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 144_o etc._n etc._n the_o 21_o experiment_n be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a enquiry_n by_o experiment_v the_o generation_n of_o bubble_n under_o water_n a_o recital_n of_o some_o notable_a circumstance_n with_o some_o observable_a corollary_n deduce_v therefrom_o 147_o etc._n etc._n the_o 22_o experiment_n tend_v to_o a_o determination_n of_o the_o enquiry_n propose_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n by_o prove_v the_o matter_n of_o these_o bubble_n from_o their_o permanency_n to_o be_v air_n the_o experiment_n try_v in_o the_o great_a and_o small_a receiver_n evince_v the_o same_o thing_n 155_o etc._n etc._n a_o experiment_n wherein_o there_o appear_v bubble_n in_o quicksilver_n 160._o the_o author_n inference_n 162._o a_o digressive_a enquiry_n whether_o or_o no_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v anew_o with_o several_a history_n and_o experiment_n tend_v to_o the_o resolve_v and_o clear_v thereof_o 162_o etc._n etc._n the_o author_n excuse_n for_o so_o long_a a_o digression_n 181_o the_o 23_o experiment_n contain_v a_o further_a
press_v on_o the_o bladder_n the_o internal_a air_n not_o find_v the_o wont_a resistance_n first_o swell_v and_o distend_v the_o bladder_n and_o then_o break_v it_o with_o so_o wide_a and_o crooked_a a_o rent_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v forcible_o tear_v asunder_o with_o hand_n after_o which_o a_o second_o bladder_n be_v convey_v in_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o like_a success_n and_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o bladder_n be_v break_v by_o its_o own_o fibre_n rather_o than_o by_o the_o imprison_v air._n and_o of_o this_o experiment_n these_o two_o phaenomena_n may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o that_o the_o bladder_n at_o its_o break_n give_v a_o great_a report_n almost_o like_o a_o craker_n and_o the_o other_o that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bladder_n have_v the_o power_n to_o break_v it_o with_o the_o mention_a impetuosity_n long_o before_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v all_o or_o near_o all_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n but_o to_o verify_v what_o we_o say_v in_o another_o discourse_n where_o we_o show_v that_o even_o true_a experiment_n may_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o easy_a mistake_n of_o some_o unheeded_a circumstance_n be_v unsuccessful_o try_v we_o will_v advertise_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o we_o do_v oftentimes_o in_o vain_a try_v the_o break_n of_o bladder_n after_o the_o manner_n abovementioned_a of_o which_o the_o cause_n appear_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o bladder_n we_o can_v not_o break_v have_v be_v bring_v we_o ready_a blow_v from_o those_o that_o sell_v they_o be_v grow_v dry_a before_o they_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o if_o we_o afterward_o tie_v they_o very_o hard_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o fret_v and_o so_o become_v unserviceable_a and_o if_o we_o tie_v they_o but_o moderate_o hard_a their_o stiffness_n keep_v they_o from_o be_v close_v so_o exact_o but_o that_o when_o the_o include_v air_n have_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n distend_v they_o as_o much_o as_o easy_o it_o can_v it_o will_v in_o part_n get_v out_o between_o the_o little_a wrinkle_n of_o the_o sphincter_n of_o tâ—e_v neck_n whence_o also_o it_o usual_o happen_v that_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o the_o air_n from_o without_o the_o bladder_n appear_v more_o flaccid_a and_o empty_a then_o before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o whereas_o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v bring_v we_o moist_a from_o the_o butcher_n we_o can_v without_o injure_v they_o tie_v their_o neck_n so_o close_o that_o none_o of_o the_o air_n once_o blow_v in_o can_v get_v out_o of_o they_o but_o by_o violent_o break_v they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o point_n at_o something_o which_o may_v deserve_v a_o more_o deliberate_a speculation_n than_o we_o can_v now_o afford_v it_o namely_o that_o the_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o sâ—me_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v be_v as_o well_o increase_v by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o aërial_a particle_n whether_o only_o move_v they_o more_o swift_o and_o scatter_v they_o or_o also_o extend_v or_o stretch_v they_o out_o i_o determine_v not_o within_o a_o every_o way_n enclose_v and_o yet_o yield_a body_n as_o display_v by_o the_o withdraw_n of_o the_o air_n that_o press_v it_o without_o for_o we_o find_v that_o a_o bladder_n but_o moderate_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o strong_o tie_v be_v a_o while_n hold_v near_o the_o fire_n not_o only_o grow_v exceed_v turgid_a and_o hard_a but_o afterward_o be_v approach_v near_o to_o the_o fire_n sudden_o break_v with_o so_o loud_a and_o vehement_a a_o noise_n as_o stony_v those_o that_o be_v by_o and_o make_v we_o for_o a_o while_n after_o almost_o deaf_a 6._o experiment_n 6._o have_v thus_o see_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o elastical_a power_n we_o be_v next_o desirous_a to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n how_o far_o a_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v by_o this_o its_o own_o spring_n be_v dilate_v and_o though_o we_o be_v not_o provide_v of_o instrument_n fit_a to_o measure_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o air_n any_o thing_n accurate_o yet_o because_o a_o imperfect_a measure_n of_o it_o be_v more_o desirable_a than_o none_o at_o all_o we_o devise_v the_o follow_a method_n as_o very_o easy_o practicable_a we_o take_v a_o limber_a lamb_n bladder_n which_o be_v thorough_o wet_v in_o fair_a water_n that_o the_o side_n of_o it_o be_v squeeze_v together_o there_o may_v be_v no_o air_n leave_v in_o its_o fold_n as_o indeed_o we_o can_v not_o afterward_o upon_o trial_n discern_v any_o the_o neck_n of_o this_o bladder_n be_v strong_o tie_v about_o that_o of_o a_o small_a glass_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o full_a drachma_n of_o water_n the_o bladder_n be_v first_o so_o compress_v that_o all_o the_o include_v air_n be_v only_o in_o the_o glass_n without_o be_v press_v there_o then_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o air_n in_o the_o little_a viol_n begin_v to_o dilate_v itself_o and_o produce_v a_o small_a tumour_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o as_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n be_v more_o and_o more_o draw_v away_o so_o the_o include_v air_n penetrate_v further_o and_o further_o into_o the_o bladder_n and_o by_o degree_n lift_v up_o the_o side_n and_o display_v its_o fold_n till_o at_o length_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v blow_v it_o up_o to_o its_o full_a extent_n whereupon_o the_o external_a air_n be_v permit_v to_o flow_v back_o into_o the_o reciver_n repulse_v the_o air_n that_o have_v fill_v the_o bladder_n into_o its_o former_a narrow_a receptacle_n and_o bring_v the_o bladder_n to_o be_v again_o flaccid_a and_o wrinkle_a as_o before_o then_o take_v out_o the_o bladder_n but_o without_o sever_n it_o from_o the_o glass_n we_o do_v by_o a_o hole_n make_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bladder_n fill_v the_o vessel_n they_o both_o make_v up_o with_o water_n who_o weight_n be_v five_o ounce_n five_o drachma_n and_o a_o half_a five_o drachma_n whereof_o be_v abovementioned_a to_o be_v the_o content_n of_o the_o bottle_n so_o that_o in_o this_o experiment_n when_o the_o air_n have_v most_o extend_v the_o bladder_n it_o possess_v in_o all_o above_o nine_o time_n as_o much_o room_n as_o it_o do_v when_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o it_o will_v probable_o have_v much_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n but_o that_o the_o bladder_n by_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o stick_v together_o of_o its_o side_n do_v somewhat_o resist_v its_o expansion_n and_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a the_o bladder_n appear_v tumid_a enough_o whilst_o yet_o a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o receiver_n who_o exsuction_n will_v according_a to_o our_o former_a observation_n probable_o have_v give_v way_n to_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n especial_o suppose_v the_o dilatation_n not_o to_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o bladder_n since_o we_o write_v the_o other_o day_n the_o former_a experiment_n we_o have_v meet_v with_o some_o glass_n not_o very_o unfit_a for_o our_o purpose_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o able_a with_o a_o little_a more_o trouble_n to_o measure_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o accurate_o than_o we_o can_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a bladder_n which_o be_v much_o to_o narrow_a to_o allow_v the_o air_n its_o utmost_a distension_n we_o take_v then_o first_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n of_o glass_n who_o bore_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n this_o pipe_n be_v so_o bend_v and_o double_v that_o notwithstanding_o its_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n it_o may_v have_v be_v shut_v up_o into_o a_o small_a receiver_n not_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o by_o misfortune_n it_o crack_v in_o the_o cool_a whereby_o we_o be_v reduce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o one_o part_v which_o be_v straight_o and_o entire_a but_o exceed_v not_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n this_o little_a tube_n be_v open_a at_o one_o end_n and_o at_o the_o other_o where_o it_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v have_v a_o small_a glass_n bubble_n to_o receive_v the_o air_n who_o dilatation_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v along_o the_o side_n of_o this_o tube_n be_v past_v a_o straight_a narrow_a piece_n of_o parchment_n divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n mark_v with_o black_a line_n and_o figure_n that_o by_o they_o may_v be_v measure_v both_o the_o include_v air_n and_o its_o dilatation_n afterward_o we_o fill_v the_o tube_n with_o water_n almost_o to_o the_o top_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o a_o finger_n and_o invert_v the_o tube_n the_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o ascend_v to_o the_o abovementioned_a glass_n bubble_n and_o by_o reason_n this_o ascent_n be_v very_o slow_a it_o give_v we_o the_o opportunity_n to_o mark_v how_o
it_o will_v possess_v we_o will_v glad_o have_v try_v also_o whether_o the_o air_n at_o its_o great_a expansion_n can_v be_v further_o rarify_v by_o heat_n but_o do_v what_o we_o can_v our_o receiver_n leak_v too_o fast_o to_o let_v we_o give_v ourselves_o any_o satisfaction_n in_o that_o particular_a 7._o experiment_n 7._o to_o discover_v likewise_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o that_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n both_o the_o strength_n of_o glass_n and_o how_o much_o interest_n the_o figure_n of_o a_o body_n may_v have_v in_o its_o great_a or_o lesser_a resistance_n to_o the_o pressure_n of_o other_o body_n we_o make_v these_o further_a trial_n we_o cause_v to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o lamp_n â—_o round_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v by_o guess_n about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n and_o it_o be_v purposely_o blow_v very_o thin_a as_o viol_n make_v with_o lamp_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v that_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v keep_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o figure_n from_o make_v the_o vessel_n too_o strong_a then_o have_v moderate_o empty_v the_o receiver_n and_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o speedy_o apply_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o new_o mention_v glass_n careful_o stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v in_o at_o they_o and_o after_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n we_o make_v a_o free_a passage_n for_o the_o air_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n which_o it_o do_v with_o great_a celerity_n leave_v the_o bubble_n as_o empty_a as_o the_o receiver_n itself_o as_o appear_v to_o we_o by_o some_o circumstance_n not_o now_o to_o be_v insist_v on_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o the_o vessel_n continue_v as_o entire_a as_o before_o give_v we_o cause_n to_o wonder_v that_o the_o bare_a roundness_n of_o the_o figure_n shall_v enable_v a_o glass_n almost_o as_o thin_a as_o paper_n to_o resist_v so_o great_a a_o pressure_n as_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n we_o find_v again_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la body_n thrust_v all_o the_o part_n inward_o make_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o arch_a figure_n so_o support_v one_o another_o that_o the_o glass_n remain_v as_o whole_a as_o at_o first_o now_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v evince_v by_o this_o other_o experiment_n 8._o experiment_n 8._o we_o take_v a_o glass_n helmet_n or_o alembick_a delineate_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n such_o as_o chemist_n use_v in_o distillation_n and_o contain_v by_o conjecture_n between_o two_o and_o three_o pint_n the_o rostrum_n or_o nose_n of_o it_o mark_v with_o c_o be_v hermetical_o close_v and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o be_v fit_v and_o cement_v one_o of_o the_o shanks_n of_o a_o middlesized_a stop-cock_n so_o that_o the_o glass_n be_v turn_v upside-down_a the_o wide_a orifice_n which_o in_o common_a glass-helmet_n be_v the_o only_a one_o be_v upward_o and_o to_o that_o wide_a orifice_n be_v fit_v a_o cast_n cover_v of_o lead_n which_o be_v careful_o cement_v on_o to_o the_o glass_n then_o the_o other_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v with_o cement_n likewise_o fasten_v into_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v endeavour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o remain_a air_n be_v make_v much_o too_o weak_a to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n the_o glass_n be_v not_o without_o a_o great_a noise_n crack_v almost_o half_a round_n along_o that_o part_n of_o it_o where_o it_o begin_v to_o bend_v inward_o as_o if_o in_o the_o figure_n the_o crack_n have_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la and_o upon_o a_o endeavour_n to_o pump_v out_o more_o of_o the_o air_n the_o crack_n once_o begin_v appear_v to_o run_v on_o further_a though_o the_o glass_n where_o it_o be_v break_v seem_v to_o be_v by_o conjecture_n above_o ten_o some_o thought_n above_o twenty_o time_n as_o thick_a as_o the_o bubble_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n this_o will_v perhaps_o make_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o have_v take_v another_o glass_n bubble_v blow_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o like_v for_o aught_o we_o discern_v for_o size_n thickness_n and_o figure_n to_o that_o thin_a one_o former_o mention_v and_o have_v seal_v it_o up_o hermetical_o and_o suspend_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n do_v not_o enable_v the_o imprison_a air_n to_o break_v or_o in_o the_o least_o to_o crack_v the_o bubble_n though_o the_o experiment_n be_v laborious_o try_v and_o that_o several_a time_n with_o bubble_n of_o other_o size_n but_o that_o perhaps_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o candle_n or_o lamp_n wherewith_o such_o glass_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v not_o to_o mention_v the_o warmth_n of_o his_o hand_n that_o seal_v it_o may_v so_o rarify_v the_o contain_v air_n as_o much_o to_o weaken_v its_o spring_n may_v seem_v probable_a by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n 9_o experiment_n 9_o we_o take_v a_o glass_n viol._n able_a to_o hold_v three_o or_o four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o of_o the_o thickness_n usual_a in_o glass_n of_o that_o size_n into_o the_o neck_n of_o this_o be_v put_v a_o moderate_o slender_a pipe_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v careful_o fasten_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o pitch_n and_o rosin_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o which_o reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o as_o the_o six_o figure_n declare_v this_o viol_n be_v upon_o a_o particular_a design_n fill_v with_o water_n till_o that_o come_v up_o in_o it_o a_o pretty_a deal_n high_o than_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v put_v into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n contain_v between_o a_o pint_n and_o a_o quart_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o glass_n pipe_n pass_v through_o a_o hole_n make_v purposely_o for_o it_o in_o the_o leaden-cove_a of_o the_o receiver_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v exact_o close_v the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o but_o at_o the_o very_a first_o exsuction_n and_o before_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n there_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o viol_n a_o piece_n of_o glass_n half_a as_o broad_a as_o the_o palm_n of_o a_o man_n hand_n and_o it_o be_v throw_v out_o with_o such_o violence_n that_o hit_v against_o the_o neighbour_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n it_o not_o only_o dash_v itself_o to_o piece_n but_o crack_v the_o very_a receiver_n in_o many_o place_n with_o a_o great_a noise_n that_o much_o surprise_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o room_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o so_o little_a a_o receiver_n the_o air_n about_o the_o viol_n be_v sudden_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n imprison_v in_o the_o vessel_n have_v on_o it_o the_o whole_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o which_o by_o the_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n it_o and_o the_o water_n be_v expose_v and_o not_o have_v on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o wont_a pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n to_o balance_n that_o other_o pressure_n the_o resistance_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v final_o surmount_v and_o the_o viol_n once_o begin_n to_o break_v where_o it_o be_v weak_a the_o external_a air_n may_v rush_v in_o with_o violence_n enough_o to_o throw_v the_o crack_a parcel_n so_o forcible_o against_o the_o neighbour_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o to_o break_v that_o too_o and_o this_o may_v be_v presume_v sufficient_a to_o verify_v what_o we_o deliver_v in_o that_o part_n of_o our_o appendix_n to_o the_o first_o experiment_n where_o we_o mention_v the_o almost_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o either_o side_n of_o a_o thin_a glass_n vessel_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o not_o be_v break_v by_o the_o forcible_a spring_n of_o the_o contain_v air._n but_o yet_o that_o it_o be_v not_o suspect_v that_o chance_n have_v a_o interest_n in_o so_o odd_a a_o experiment_n as_o we_o have_v be_v relate_v we_o will_v add_v that_o for_o far_a satisfaction_n we_o reiterated_a it_o in_o a_o round_a glass_n contain_v by_o guess_n about_o six_o ounce_n of_o water_n this_o viol_n we_o put_v into_o such_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o be_v late_o mention_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o rest_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o pneumaticall_a glass_n and_o the_o neck_n come_v out_o through_o the_o leaden-cove_a of_o the_o same_o at_o a_o hole_n make_v purposely_o for_o it_o
most_o to_o replenish_v the_o receiver_n they_o do_v not_o sensible_o hinder_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bladder_n from_o dilate_v itself_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v discern_v as_o it_o will_v have_v otherwise_o do_v so_o that_o before_o the_o fire_n or_o the_o match_n be_v quite_o extinct_a the_o bladder_n appear_v swell_v at_o least_o to_o six_o or_o seven_o time_n its_o former_a capacity_n since_o the_o write_n of_o these_o last_o line_n we_o take_v a_o small_a receiver_n capable_a of_o contain_v by_o guess_n about_o a_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a of_o water_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o we_o suspend_v a_o light_a match_n but_o though_o within_o one_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o thereabouts_o from_o the_o put_n in_o of_o the_o match_n we_o have_v cement_v on_o the_o cover_n yet_o we_o can_v not_o make_v such_o haste_n but_o that_o before_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o smoke_n have_v so_o fill_v that_o small_a receiver_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o discern_v to_o choke_v the_o fire_n and_o have_v again_o and_o again_o reiterated_a the_o experiment_n it_o seem_v still_o as_o at_o first_o that_o we_o can_v not_o close_o up_o the_o vessel_n and_o pump_n out_o all_o the_o fume_n time_n enough_o to_o rescue_v the_o fire_n from_o extinction_n whereupon_o we_o make_v use_v of_o this_o expedient_a assoon_o as_o we_o have_v pump_v once_o or_o twice_o we_o sudden_o turn_v the_o key_n and_o thereby_o give_v access_n to_o the_o exclude_v air_n which_o rush_v violent_o in_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v force_v through_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o do_v both_o drive_v away_o the_o ash_n fill_v the_o glass_n with_o fresh_a air_n and_o by_o blow_v the_o almost_o extinguish_v fire_n re-kindled_a it_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o match_n begin_v again_o to_o smoke_n which_o before_o it_o have_v cease_v to_o do_v we_o have_v by_o this_o mean_v obtain_v a_o light_a match_n in_o the_o receiver_n without_o be_v reduce_v to_o spend_v time_n to_o close_v it_o up_o command_v the_o air_n to_o be_v immediate_o pump_v out_o and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o it_o the_o match_n quick_o leave_v smoke_v as_o it_o seem_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o air_n and_o yet_o if_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n have_v not_o hinder_v we_o we_o will_v for_o great_a security_n have_v try_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o match_n rekindle_v as_o former_o will_v smoke_v much_o long_o in_o case_n of_o no_o exsuction_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air._n 14._o experiment_n 14._o to_o try_v diverse_a thing_n at_o once_o and_o particular_o whether_o fire_n though_o we_o find_v it_o will_v not_o long_o last_v may_v not_o yet_o be_v produce_v in_o our_o evacuated_a receiver_n we_o take_v a_o pistol_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o have_v firm_o tie_v it_o to_o a_o stick_n almost_o as_o long_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n we_o very_o careful_o prime_v it_o with_o well_o dry_a gunpowder_n and_o then_o cock_v it_o we_o tie_v to_o the_o tricker_n one_o end_n of_o a_o string_n who_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o key_n former_o mention_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o cover_n of_o our_o receiver_n this_o do_v we_o convey_v the_o pistol_n together_o with_o the_o annex_v staff_n into_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o and_o empty_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n we_o begin_v to_o turn_v the_o key_n in_o the_o cover_n and_o thereby_o shorten_v the_o string_n that_o reach_v from_o it_o to_o the_o pistol_n we_o pull_v aside_o the_o tricker_n and_o observe_v that_o according_a to_o our_o expectation_n the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o lock_n be_v not_o sensible_o abate_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o air._n from_o who_o impetus_fw-la yet_o some_o modern_a naturalist_n will_v derive_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o restitution_n in_o solid_a body_n for_o the_o cock_n fall_v with_o its_o wont_a violence_n upon_o the_o steel_n strike_v out_o of_o it_o as_o many_o and_o as_o conspicuous_a part_n of_o fire_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o can_v perceive_v it_o will_v have_v do_v in_o the_o open_a air._n repeat_v this_o experiment_n divers_a time_n we_o also_o observe_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o will_v appear_v any_o considerable_a diversity_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o shine_a spark_n in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o remain_a air_n be_v so_o much_o rarify_v but_o can_v not_o perceive_v but_o that_o they_o move_v some_o of_o they_o upward_o as_o well_o as_o some_o of_o they_o downward_o and_o some_o of_o they_o sideways_o as_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o do_v when_o upon_o such_o collision_n they_o fly_v out_o in_o the_o open_a air._n we_o likewise_o cause_v a_o piece_n of_o steel_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o form_n and_o bigness_n of_o the_o flint_n in_o who_o place_n we_o put_v it_o and_o then_o the_o pistol_n be_v cock_v and_o convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o trigger_n be_v pull_v after_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o though_o the_o place_n be_v purposely_o somewhat_o darken_v yet_o there_o appear_v not_o upon_o the_o strike_n of_o the_o two_o steel_n against_o each_o other_o the_o least_o spark_n of_o fire_n nor_o do_v we_o expect_v any_o have_v before_o in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o strike_v fire_n this_o way_n in_o the_o open_a air_n though_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n to_o undeceive_v those_o who_o fancy_n in_o rarify_v air_n i_o know_v not_o what_o strange_a disposition_n to_o take_v fire_n upon_o a_o much_o slight_a occasion_n than_o this_o experiment_n afford_v we_o have_v indeed_o find_v that_o by_o the_o dextrous_a collision_n of_o two_o harden_v piece_n of_o steel_n store_n of_o spark_n may_v be_v strike_v out_o but_o that_o be_v do_v with_o such_o vehement_a percussion_n of_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o two_o steel_n as_o can_v not_o well_o be_v compass_v in_o our_o receiver_n but_o the_o chief_a thing_n we_o design_v to_o do_v with_o our_o pistol_n be_v to_o observe_v whether_o gunpowder_n will_v take_v fire_n in_o our_o empty_v and_o close_o stop_v glass_n whether_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o flame_n will_v be_v considerable_o vary_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o so_o much_o of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o whether_o the_o flame_n will_v diffuse_v itself_o upward_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a notwithstanding_o it_o be_v not_o have_v about_o it_o the_o usual_a proportion_n of_o air_n to_o force_v it_o up_o and_o though_o most_o of_o our_o attempt_n to_o fire_v the_o gunpowder_n in_o the_o pan_n of_o the_o pistol_n succeed_v not_o because_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o let_v it_o hang_v almost_o perpendicular_a in_o the_o receiver_n whereby_o the_o powder_n be_v shake_v down_o before_o the_o spark_n can_v reach_v it_o yet_o once_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v and_o the_o kindle_a powder_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o more_o expanded_a flame_n than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v in_o the_o open_a air_n but_o mount_v upward_o according_a to_o its_o wont_a whether_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o little_a portion_n of_o air_n which_o in_o spite_n of_o our_o pump_v remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n we_o have_v not_o now_o the_o leisure_n to_o consider_v but_o we_o must_v not_o forget_v that_o upon_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o receiver_n appear_v darken_v with_o smoke_n which_o seem_v to_o move_v free_o up_o and_o down_o and_o upon_o the_o let_n in_o the_o air_n at_o the_o stop-cock_n begin_v to_o circulate_v much_o fast_a than_o before_o we_o will_v have_v make_v more_o observation_n concern_v this_o flame_n but_o that_o of_o two_o or_o three_o attempt_n we_o afterward_o make_v to_o repeat_v the_o kindle_v of_o powder_n not_o any_o one_o succeed_v and_o we_o have_v not_o the_o leisure_n to_o dwell_v long_o upon_o one_o kind_n of_o trial_n 15._o experiment_n 15._o to_o these_o experiment_n concern_v fire_n we_o add_v another_o which_o though_o it_o succeed_v not_o may_v perhaps_o without_o impertinency_n be_v record_v partly_o because_o that_o as_o we_o have_v in_o another_o treatise_n ample_o declare_v it_o be_v useful_a to_o recite_v what_o experiment_n miscarry_v as_o well_o as_o what_o succeed_v and_o partly_o also_o because_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a that_o what_o we_o endeavour_v in_o vain_a may_v be_v perform_v by_o your_o lordship_n or_o some_o other_o virtuoso_fw-la that_o shall_v have_v slancker_n vessel_n than_o we_o have_v and_o more_o sunny_a day_n than_o the_o present_a winter_n allow_v we_o we_o convey_v then_o into_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n a_o piece_n of_o matter_n combustible_a dry_a and_o black_a experience_n declare_v thing_n of_o that_o colour_n to_o be_v most_o easy_o kindle_v &_o careful_o close_v the_o vessel_n we_o
either_o way_n the_o terrestrial_a steam_n may_v here_o and_o there_o considerable_o alter_v the_o gravity_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n your_o lordship_n may_v also_o be_v please_v to_o remember_v that_o by_o our_o seventeen_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o as_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v expanded_a more_o than_o ordinary_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v proportionable_o subside_o so_o when_o the_o air_n in_o the_o same_o receiver_n be_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v it_o do_v impel_v up_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o tube_n above_o the_o wont_a height_n of_o betwixt_o six_o and_o seven_o and_o twenty_o digit_n and_o if_o to_o these_o thing_n we_o annex_v that_o for_o aught_o we_o can_v find_v by_o trial_n purposely_o make_v the_o degree_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o into_o our_o receiver_n do_v not_o sensible_o alter_v its_o temperature_n as_o to_o cold_a or_o heat_n it_o will_v not_o i_o hope_v appear_v absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o since_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o tube_n can_v but_o very_o faint_o hinder_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o press_v it_o downward_o since_o too_o that_o include_v air_n can_v scarce_o immediate_o receive_v any_o sensible_a alteration_n save_o either_o by_o heat_n or_o cold_a and_o since_o also_o that_o according_a to_o the_o bare_a density_n or_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o subjacent_a quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n that_o in_o the_o tube_n be_v impel_v more_o or_o less_o high_a such_o change_n happen_v in_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n either_o by_o the_o ascension_n of_o gross_a or_o copious_a exhalation_n or_o by_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o which_o there_o may_v be_v divers_a as_o be_v capable_a to_o make_v considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o consistence_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o rarity_n and_o density_n may_v be_v able_a proportionable_o to_o alter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n i_o rather_o say_v that_o such_o alteration_n may_v be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o phaenomenon_n because_o i_o think_v it_o sufficient_a if_o i_o have_v propose_v conjecture_n not_o altogether_o irrational_a about_o a_o new_a mystery_n of_o nature_n touch_v which_o the_o chief_a thing_n i_o pretend_v to_o be_v to_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o curious_a to_o inquire_v further_o into_o it_o then_o i_o have_v be_v yet_o able_a to_o do_v 19_o experiment_n 19_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o move_v we_o to_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o draw_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o mercury_n will_v descend_v in_o a_o tube_n short_a than_o six_o and_o twenty_o digit_n induce_v we_o also_o to_o expect_v that_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n water_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o subside_v in_o glass_n tubes_fw-la of_o a_o moderate_a length_n though_o by_o the_o noble_a experiment_n say_v to_o have_v be_v accurate_o make_v in_o france_n by_o monsieur_n paschal_n we_o be_v inform_v that_o a_o tube_n of_o no_o less_o than_o about_o two_o and_o thirty_o foot_n be_v find_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la succeed_v with_o water_n instead_o of_o quicksilver_n so_o tall_a a_o cylinder_n of_o that_o light_a liquor_n be_v it_o seem_v requisite_a to_o equal_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o mercurial_a cylinder_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o and_o twenty_o digit_n and_o surmount_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o take_v then_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n of_o about_o four_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o not_o very_o slender_a this_o at_o the_o open_a end_n we_o fill_v with_o common_a water_n and_o then_o stop_v that_o end_n till_o we_o have_v invert_v the_o tube_n and_o open_v it_o beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o the_o like_a water_n contain_v in_o a_o somewhat_o deep_a and_o slender_a vessel_n this_o vessel_n with_o the_o tube_n in_o it_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o receiver_n be_v close_v up_o after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o as_o much_o of_o the_o event_n as_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n be_v this_o that_o till_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o tube_n continue_v topful_a of_o water_n as_o when_o it_o be_v put_v in_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n former_o contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v draw_v out_o to_o bring_v the_o remain_a air_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o so_o short_a and_o light_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n but_o when_o once_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o fall_v in_o the_o tube_n than_o each_o exsuction_n of_o air_n make_v it_o descend_v a_o little_a low_o though_o nothing_o near_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n at_o the_o beginning_n do_v in_o the_o experiment_n former_o mention_v nor_o do_v there_o appear_v so_o much_o inequality_n 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we_o see_v that_o if_o never_o so_o little_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o tube_n upon_o the_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la with_o quicksilver_n no_o incline_n of_o the_o tube_n though_o a_o long_a one_o will_v enable_v a_o man_n to_o impel_v the_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n by_o reason_n as_o we_o former_o note_v of_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o include_v air_n which_o will_v not_o be_v compress_v beyond_o a_o certain_a degree_n but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a discovery_n what_o our_o bubble_n be_v we_o will_v on_o this_o occasion_n inform_v your_o lordship_n that_o we_o try_v the_o xixth_z experiment_n in_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o draw_v down_o of_o the_o water_n so_o many_o bubble_n disclose_v themselves_o and_o break_v into_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n that_o have_v afterward_o let_v in_o the_o external_a air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o thereby_o impel_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n 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steam_n themselves_o that_o the_o blast_n be_v make_v and_o the_o flame_n excite_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o by_o approach_v the_o coal_n or_o brand_n almost_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n the_o wind_n appear_v more_o vehement_a than_o if_o the_o body_n to_o be_v kindle_v be_v hold_v some_o inch_n off_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o elastical_a power_n of_o the_o stream_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n seem_v manifest_o due_a to_o the_o heat_n that_o expand_v and_o agitate_v the_o aqueous_a particle_n whereof_o that_o stream_n consist_v and_o that_o such_o rapid_a wind_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o water_n scatter_v into_o little_a part_n and_o set_v a_o move_n since_o we_o find_v that_o hold_v a_o knife_n or_o any_o solid_a smooth_a and_o close_a body_n against_o the_o stream_n that_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o aeolipile_n the_o vapour_n condense_v upon_o it_o will_v present_o cover_v it_o with_o water_n it_o will_v be_v very_o pertinent_a to_o subjoin_v a_o notable_a experiment_n that_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o description_n give_v we_o by_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n of_o several_a musical_a engine_n and_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o prolix_a we_o will_v recite_v what_o he_o deliver_v in_o his_o own_o word_n which_o be_v these_o 309._o 〈…〉_o &_o 〈◊〉_d lib._n 9_o p._n 309._o cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont_n innocentii_fw-la x_o mi_o mandato_fw-la organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cur_n a_o mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la eâ_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la sive_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la ah_o 5_o pedum_n latitudine_fw-la 3_o fear_v ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la 309._o in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la tenebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la cd_o &_o ej_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la cribri_fw-la pluribus_fw-la for_o aminibus_fw-la pertusa_fw-la paulo_n infra_fw-la canalis_fw-la g_o aquam_fw-la advehens_fw-la inserebatur_fw-la in_o h_n eidem_fw-la epistomium_fw-la parabat_fw-la exitum_fw-la aqua_fw-la itáque_fw-la per_fw-la canalem_fw-la g_o maximo_fw-la impetu_fw-la ruenâ—_n vehementissimum_fw-la ventum_fw-la mox_fw-la intus_fw-la excitabat_fw-la qui_fw-la ventus_fw-la nimia_fw-la humiditate_fw-la imbutus_fw-la ut_fw-la purior_fw-la exiret_fw-la sicciorque_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la illa_fw-la in_o cribri_fw-la modum_fw-la pertusa_fw-la ordinata_fw-la sunt_fw-la intra_fw-la haec_fw-la enim_fw-la aquae_fw-la vehemens_fw-la agitatio_fw-la rupta_fw-la fractaque_fw-la aerem_fw-la puriorem_fw-la per_fw-la a_fw-la canalem_fw-la subtilioremque_fw-la emittebat_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la postea_fw-la inventum_fw-la sit_fw-la acren_n plus_fw-la aequo_fw-la humidum_fw-la interioribus_fw-la organi_fw-la meatibus_fw-la maximum_fw-la detrimentum_fw-la infer_v hinc_fw-la ut_fw-la aer_fw-la aquosus_fw-la siccissimam_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la acquireret_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la canalem_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la qr_n in_fw-la helicem_fw-la contortum_fw-la vasi_fw-la s_o aliquantulum_fw-la capaciori_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la urnae_fw-la efformato_fw-la inserâ—um_fw-la intra_fw-la urnam_fw-la enim_fw-la plumbeam_fw-la &_o canalem_fw-la tortuosum_fw-la illisus_fw-la aer_fw-la humidus_fw-la ita_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aquositate_fw-la defaecabatur_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la furno_fw-la in_o organum_fw-la derivatus_fw-la dici_fw-la potuerit_fw-la urna_fw-la s_n canalis_fw-la tortuosus_fw-la qr_n ultimum_fw-la orificium_fw-la qui_fw-fr inseritur_fw-la anemothecae_fw-la organi_fw-la et_fw-la hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la organis_fw-la hydraulicis_fw-la omnium_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la reperi_fw-la debet_fw-la autem_fw-la camera_fw-la illa_fw-la situari_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la quantum_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la sicciori_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la longo_fw-la canali_fw-la aqua_fw-la intra_fw-la eam_fw-la derivetur_fw-la ne_fw-la locus_fw-la humiditate_fw-la sva_fw-la organis_fw-la officiat_fw-la thus_o far_o the_o ingenious_a kircherus_n who_o i_o the_o rather_o cite_v because_o although_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o divers_a ventiduct_n as_o they_o call_v they_o by_o very_o know_v traveller_n that_o have_v observe_v they_o yet_o this_o relation_n of_o our_o author_n be_v very_o punctual_a and_o deliver_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a experience_n have_v i_o confess_v make_v i_o wish_v i_o have_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o these_o organ_n or_o that_o i_o have_v now_o the_o opportunity_n of_o examine_v of_o such_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o upon_o a_o strict_a inquiry_n i_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o breath_n that_o blow_v the_o organ_n do_v not_o real_o upon_o the_o cease_n of_o its_o unusual_a agitation_n by_o little_a and_o little_a relapse_n into_o water_n i_o shall_v strong_o suspect_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o water_n to_o be_v easy_o turn_v into_o air._n i_o remember_v indeed_o that_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v that_o there_o lurk_v a_o interspersed_a air_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o ordinary_a water_n which_o may_v possible_o be_v strike_v out_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o water_n in_o its_o fall_n into_o the_o aeolian_a chamber_n as_o he_o call_v it_o but_o in_o regard_n the_o scheme_n seem_v to_o represent_v that_o chamber_n as_o close_o shut_v and_o thereby_o forbid_v we_o to_o suppose_v that_o any_o air_n be_v carry_v into_o it_o but_o what_o be_v latitant_fw-la in_o the_o water_n it_o will_v scarce_o seem_v probable_a to_o he_o who_o remember_v how_o small_a a_o proportion_n of_o air_n that_o appear_v to_o be_v when_o its_o rarification_n seize_v which_o be_v conceal_v in_o the_o water_n we_o free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o receiver_n that_o so_o little_a air_n as_o be_v common_o disperse_v through_o water_n shall_v be_v able_a in_o so_o little_a water_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o so_o small_a a_o room_n to_o make_v so_o vehement_a a_o wind_n as_o our_o author_n here_o tell_v we_o of_o i_o have_v sometime_o therefore_o suspect_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o wind_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o small_a particle_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o forcible_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o chamber_n into_o
24._o experiment_n 24._o we_o think_v good_a to_o try_v also_o what_o change_n will_v happen_v in_o other_o liquor_n upon_o the_o like_a take_v off_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air._n we_o take_v â—â—en_o a_o glass_n egg_n somewhat_o big_a than_o a_o turkey_n egg_n which_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n or_o stem_n of_o about_o a_o â…“_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o with_o salad_n oil_n until_o it_o reach_v above_o half_a way_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n we_o enclose_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o common_a water_n in_o a_o resemble_v vessel_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o compare_v together_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o those_o two_o liquor_n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a-work_o there_o begin_v to_o appear_v bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n much_o soon_o than_o in_o the_o water_n and_o afterward_o they_o also_o ascend_v much_o more_o copious_o in_o the_o former_a liquor_n than_o the_o latter_a nay_o and_o when_o by_o have_v quite_o tire_v the_o pumper_n and_o almost_o our_o own_o patience_n we_o give_v over_o the_o bubble_n rise_v almost_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o as_o great_a number_n as_o ever_o insomuch_o as_o none_o of_o the_o various_a liquor_n we_o try_v either_o before_o or_o since_o seem_v to_o abound_v more_o with_o aerial_a particle_n than_o do_v this_o oil_n in_o which_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o between_o the_o time_n it_o be_v set_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o that_o at_o which_o we_o can_v get_v ready_a to_o pump_n it_o subside_v notable_o by_o guess_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v before_o it_o be_v put_v in_o after_o this_o express_a oil_n we_o make_v tryâ—â—_n of_o a_o distil_a one_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o common_a oil_n or_o spirit_n for_o in_o the_o shop_n where_o it_o be_v sell_v the_o same_o liquor_n be_v promiscuous_o call_v by_o either_o name_n of_o turpentine_n 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make_v we_o have_v then_o no_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la at_o hand_n though_o it_o be_v account_v quicksilver_n except_v the_o heavy_a of_o liquor_n will_v afford_v we_o any_o bubble_n we_o put_v in_o a_o glass_n egg_n full_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o other_o liquor_n and_o find_v that_o they_o do_v long_o yield_v store_n of_o bubble_n before_o any_o discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o liquor_n of_o tartar_n and_o have_v pursue_v the_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o of_o all_o the_o liquor_n we_o make_v trial_n of_o this_o afford_v the_o few_o and_o the_o small_a bubble_n spirit_n of_o vinager_n be_v try_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n exhibit_v a_o moderate_a number_n of_o bubble_n but_o scarce_o any_o thing_n else_o worth_a the_o mention_v nor_o can_v we_o in_o red_a wine_n try_v in_o a_o glass_n egg_n take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n very_o observable_a for_o though_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o this_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v in_o shoal_n and_o shift_v place_n among_o themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n yet_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o whole_a bulk_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v scarce_o at_o all_o sensible_a the_o bubble_n most_o common_o break_v very_o soon_o after_o their_o arrival_n at_o the_o top_n where_o during_o their_o stay_n they_o compose_v a_o kind_n of_o shallow_a froth_n which_o alone_o appear_v high_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n than_o be_v the_o wine_n when_o it_o be_v first_o let_v down_o neither_o yet_o do_v milk_n convey_v into_o our_o pneumatical_a vessel_n present_v we_o with_o any_o thing_n memorable_a save_v that_o as_o it_o seem_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o unctuousness_n of_o the_o liquor_n the_o bubble_n not_o easy_o break_v at_o the_o top_n and_o thrust_v up_o one_o another_o make_v the_o intumescence_n appear_v much_o great_a than_o that_o of_o common_a water_n we_o likewise_o convey_v hen_n egg_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o after_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n take_v they_o out_o whole_a again_o that_o which_o invite_v we_o to_o put_v they_o in_o be_v that_o as_o perhaps_o we_o mention_v in_o other_o paper_n we_o have_v among_o other_o experiment_n of_o cold_a make_v egg_n burst_v by_o freeze_v they_o within_o door_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o ice_n into_o which_o the_o aqueous_a part_n of_o the_o egg_n be_v turn_v by_o the_o cold_a so_o distend_v probable_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerous_a bubble_n wont_a to_o be_v observable_a in_o ice_n the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o egg_n that_o it_o usual_o crack_v the_o shell_n though_o the_o inner_a membrane_n that_o involve_v the_o several_a liquor_n of_o the_o egg_n because_o it_o will_v stretch_v and_o yield_v remain_v unbroken_a and_o hereupon_o we_o imagine_v that_o in_o our_o engine_n it_o may_v appear_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v any_o considerable_a spring_n either_o in_o any_o of_o the_o liquor_n or_o in_o any_o other_o more_o spirituous_a substance_n include_v in_o the_o egg_n we_o take_v also_o some_o spirit_n of_o urine_n careless_o enough_o deflegm_v and_o put_v it_o into_o the_o same_o glass_n first_o careful_o scour_v and_o cleanse_v wherein_o we_o have_v put_v the_o oyl-olive_n above_o mention_v we_o take_v also_o another_o glass_n differ_v from_o a_o glass_n egg_n only_o in_o that_o its_o bottom_n be_v flat_a and_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o about_o 2_o 5_o of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v wide_a than_o that_o of_o the_o egg_n with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o take_v also_o another_o glass_n egg_n and_o have_v fill_v it_o with_o common_a water_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n we_o pour_v to_o it_o of_o the_o same_o spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o reach_v about_o a_o inch_n high_o these_o three_o glass_n have_v mark_n set_v on_o they_o over_o against_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o that_o beginning_n to_o be_v evacuate_v the_o bubble_n in_o all_o the_o three_o liquor_n begin_v to_o appear_v the_o mixture_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n disclose_v a_o great_a store_n of_o bubble_n especial_o towards_o the_o top_n but_o scarce_o afford_v we_o any_o thing_n worth_n remember_v the_o spirit_n of_o urine_n appear_v to_o swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n and_o beside_o that_o send_v forth_o store_n of_o bubble_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o froth_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o and_o above_o that_o spume_n there_o appear_v eight_o or_o ten_o great_a bubble_n one_o above_o another_o in_o a_o very_a decent_a order_n each_o of_o they_o constitute_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cylinder_n of_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n high_a and_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o internal_a cavity_n of_o the_o neck_n so_o that_o all_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n for_o these_o bubble_n reach_v to_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o almost_o equal_a part_n by_o certain_a diaphragme_n consist_v of_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o bubble_n who_o edge_n appear_v like_o so_o many_o ring_n suspend_v one_o above_o another_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o bubble_n even_o till_o weariness_n do_v make_v we_o give_v over_o the_o experiment_n and_o in_o these_o bubble_n two_o or_o three_o thing_n be_v remarkable_a as_o first_o that_o they_o ascend_v with_o a_o very_a notable_a celerity_n next_o that_o be_v arrive_v at_o the_o top_n they_o make_v no_o stay_n there_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a thinness_n and_o spirituousness_n of_o the_o liquor_n do_v before_o they_o break_v lift_v up_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o it_o and_o for_o a_o moment_n or_o two_o form_n thereof_o a_o thin_a
the_o reason_n why_o if_o a_o long_a pipe_n exact_o close_v at_o one_o end_n be_v fill_v top-ful_a of_o water_n and_o then_o invert_v no_o liquor_n will_v fall_v out_o of_o the_o open_a orifice_n or_o to_o use_v a_o more_o familiar_a example_n when_o they_o teach_v that_o the_o cause_n why_o in_o a_o gardener_n water_v pot_n shape_v conical_o or_o like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n fill_v with_o water_n no_o liquor_n fall_v down_o through_o the_o numerous_a hole_n at_o the_o bottom_n whilst_o the_o gardener_n keep_v his_o thumb_n upon_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o little_a hole_n at_o the_o top_n and_o no_o long_o must_v be_v that_o if_o in_o the_o case_n propose_v the_o water_n shall_v descend_v the_o air_n be_v unable_a to_o succeed_v it_o there_o will_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o upper_a and_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o vacuum_n that_o will_v be_v avoid_v if_o the_o hole_n at_o the_o top_n be_v open_v when_o i_o say_v they_o allege_v such_o experiment_n the_o tendency_n of_o they_o 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experiment_n seem_v to_o teach_v that_o the_o suppose_a aversation_n of_o nature_n to_o a_o vacuum_n be_v but_o accidental_a or_o in_o consequence_n partly_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fluidity_n or_o at_o least_o fluxility_n of_o the_o body_n here_o below_o and_o partly_o and_o perhaps_o principal_o of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n who_o restless_a endeavour_n to_o expand_v itself_o every_o way_n make_v it_o either_o rush_n in_o itself_o or_o compel_v the_o interpose_a body_n into_o all_o space_n where_o it_o find_v no_o great_a resistance_n than_o it_o can_v furmount_v and_o that_o in_o those_o motion_n which_o be_v make_v ob_fw-la fugam_fw-la vacui_fw-la as_o the_o common_a phrase_n be_v body_n act_n without_o such_o generosity_n &_o consideration_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o they_o be_v apparent_a enough_o in_o our_o 32_o experiment_n where_o the_o torrent_n of_o air_n that_o seem_v to_o strive_v to_o get_v into_o the_o empty_v receiver_n do_v plain_o prevent_v 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vacuum_n seem_v rather_o make_v to_o fill_v it_o for_o why_o to_o instance_n in_o our_o new_o mention_a experiment_n assoon_o as_o the_o valve_n be_v depress_v by_o the_o weight_n we_o hang_v at_o it_o shall_v the_o air_n so_o impetuous_o and_o copious_o rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n it_o there_o be_v before_o no_o vacant_a room_n there_o to_o receive_v it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v than_o all_o the_o while_n the_o valve_n keep_v out_o the_o air_n those_o lâ—tle_a space_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o that_o air_n afterward_o fill_v may_v be_v conclude_v to_o have_v remain_v empty_a so_o that_o the_o seem_a violence_n employ_v by_o nature_n on_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o evacuate_n of_o the_o vessel_n seem_v to_o have_v come_v too_o late_o to_o hinder_v the_o make_n of_o vacuity_n in_o the_o receiver_n and_o only_o to_o have_v assoon_o as_o we_o permit_v fill_v up_o with_o air_n those_o that_o be_v already_o make_v and_o as_o for_o the_o 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of_o its_o ordinary_a extent_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o admit_v either_o a_o notion_n of_o condensation_n &_o rarefaction_n that_o be_v not_o intelligible_a or_o that_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o our_o receiver_n when_o presume_v to_o be_v full_a of_o air_n there_o yet_o remain_v as_o much_o of_o space_n as_o be_v take_v up_o by_o all_o the_o aërial_a corpuscle_n unpossessed_a by_o the_o air._n which_o seem_v plain_o to_o infer_v that_o the_o air_n that_o rush_v into_o our_o empty_v vessel_n do_v not_o do_v it_o precise_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacuity_n of_o it_o since_o it_o leave_v so_o many_o unfilled_a but_o rather_o be_v thrust_v in_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n which_o as_o it_o can_v not_o
aequilibrium_fw-la the_o balance_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o suspend_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o it_o but_o before_o we_o proceed_v further_o we_o must_v note_v that_o present_o after_o the_o lay_n on_o of_o the_o cover_n the_o bladder_n appear_v to_o preponderate_v whereupon_o the_o scale_n be_v take_v out_o and_o reduce_v very_o near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la yet_o so_o that_o a_o little_a advantage_n remain_v on_o that_o side_n to_o which_o the_o metalline_a weight_n belong_v they_o be_v again_o let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v present_o make_v fast_o with_o plaster_n and_o a_o hot_a iron_n soon_o after_o which_o before_o the_o pump_n be_v employ_v the_o bladder_n seem_v again_o a_o little_a to_o preponderate_v afterward_o the_o air_n in_o the_o glass_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o the_o bladder_n begin_v according_a to_o the_o former_o mention_v observation_n to_o expand_v itself_o and_o manifest_o to_o outweigh_v the_o opposite_a weight_n draw_v down_o the_o scale_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v very_o much_o beneath_o the_o other_o especial_o when_o the_o air_n have_v swell_v it_o to_o its_o full_a extent_n this_o do_v we_o very_o leisurely_o let_v in_o the_o external_a air_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o the_o flag_a of_o the_o bladder_n the_o scale_n whereto_o it_o be_v fasten_v not_o only_o by_o degree_n return_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o other_o but_o at_o length_n be_v a_o little_a outweigh_v by_o it_o but_o because_o we_o suspect_v there_o may_v have_v intervene_v some_o unheeded_a circumstance_n in_o this_o last_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n we_o will_v not_o present_o take_v out_o the_o scale_n nor_o meddle_v with_o the_o cover_n but_o leave_v thing_n as_o they_o be_v we_o perceive_v that_o after_o a_o little_a while_o the_o bladder_n begin_v again_o to_o preponderate_v and_o by_o degree_n to_o sink_v low_a and_o low_a for_o divers_a hour_n wherefore_o leave_v the_o vessel_n close_v up_o all_o night_n we_o repair_v to_o it_o next_o morning_n and_o find_v the_o bladder_n fall_v yet_o low_a as_o if_o the_o very_a substance_n of_o it_o have_v imbibe_v some_o of_o the_o moisture_n wherewith_o the_o air_n the_o season_n be_v very_o rainy_a do_v then_o abound_v as_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v likewise_o of_o the_o membranous_a part_n of_o gut_n strong_o wreathe_v be_v know_v to_o swell_v so_o much_o oftentimes_o as_o to_o break_v in_o rainy_a and_o wet_a weather_n which_o conjecture_n be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v regard_v because_o congruous_o unto_o it_o one_o of_o the_o company_n have_v a_o little_a warm_v the_o bladder_n find_v it_o then_o light_a than_o the_o opposite_a weight_n but_o this_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o bare_a conjecture_n till_o we_o can_v gain_v time_n to_o make_v further_a trial_n about_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o without_o remove_v the_o scale_n or_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n we_o again_o cause_v the_o aâ—r_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o the_o weather_n conti_v very_o moist_a but_o find_v not_o any_o manifest_a alteration_n in_o the_o balance_n whether_o because_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v too_o far_o lose_v to_o let_v a_o small_a change_n appear_v we_o determine_v not_o but_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o body_n less_o apt_a to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n than_o be_v the_o bladder_n we_o bring_v the_o scale_n again_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o two_o weight_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v of_o lead_n the_o other_o of_o cork_n and_o have_v evacuate_v the_o receiver_n we_o observe_v that_o both_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n and_o after_o the_o return_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n do_v manifest_o preponderate_a and_o much_o more_o a_o while_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v let_v in_o again_o then_o whilst_o it_o be_v keep_v out_o wherefore_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o cork_n we_o substitute_v a_o piece_n of_o char-coal_n as_o less_o likely_a to_o imbibe_n any_o moisture_n from_o the_o air_n but_o the_o event_n prove_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o new_o relate_v so_o that_o this_o experiment_n seem_v more_o liable_a to_o casualty_n then_o any_o except_v one_o we_o have_v make_v in_o our_o engine_n and_o as_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o prevent_v they_o so_o it_o seem_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o whereof_o we_o shall_v therefore_o at_o present_a forbear_v mention_v our_o conjecture_n 35._o experiment_n 35._o some_o learned_a mathematician_n have_v of_o late_o ingenious_o endeavour_v to_o reduce_v filter_n to_o siphons_n but_o still_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n and_o other_o liquor_n both_o in_o siphons_n and_o in_o filtration_n need_v for_o aught_o we_o have_v yet_o find_v a_o clear_a discovery_n and_o explication_n we_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v whether_o or_o no_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n may_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v to_o 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easy_o get_v in_o at_o the_o same_o hole_n through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v for_o in_o the_o sharp_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n some_o inch_n of_o water_n will_v remain_v suspend_v which_o it_o be_v probable_a will_v not_o happen_v if_o the_o air_n can_v get_v in_o to_o succeed_v it_o since_o if_o the_o hole_n be_v a_o little_a wide_o the_o water_n will_v immediate_o subside_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v of_o the_o length_n of_o many_o inch_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v run_v down_o at_o the_o wide_a orifice_n yet_o that_o seem_v to_o happen_v for_o some_o other_o reason_n then_o because_o the_o air_n succeed_v it_o at_o the_o upper_a and_o narrow_a orifice_n since_o all_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o perhaps_o some_o inch_n more_o will_v continue_v full_a of_o water_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o remember_v that_o whereas_o it_o appear_v by_o our_o five_o experiment_n that_o the_o aërial_a corpuscle_n except_o 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the_o wether_n but_o though_o during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o a_o winter_n and_o a_o spring_n we_o take_v pleasure_n to_o observe_v how_o the_o liquor_n will_v often_o grow_v turbid_v and_o after_o a_o while_o clear_a again_o yet_o we_o can_v not_o find_v that_o these_o mutation_n depend_v upon_o any_o that_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o air_n which_o will_v be_v often_o dark_a and_o cloud_v when_o the_o tincture_n be_v clear_a and_o transparent_a as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o clear_a wether_n the_o liquor_n will_v appear_v sometime_o trouble_v and_o more_o opacous_a so_o that_o be_v unable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o odd_a change_n in_o our_o tincture_n which_o we_o suppose_v we_o have_v not_o yet_o lose_v though_o we_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o fickle_a nature_n either_o by_o those_o of_o the_o air_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o occur_v to_o our_o thought_n we_o can_v not_o but_o suspect_v that_o there_o may_v be_v in_o divers_a body_n 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force_n in_o water_n expose_v to_o congelation_n may_v be_v gather_v not_o only_o from_o what_o may_v be_v often_o observe_v in_o winter_n of_o the_o burst_n of_o glass_n too_o close_o stop_v fill_v with_o water_n or_o aqueous_a liquor_n but_o by_o instance_n as_o much_o more_o considerable_a as_o less_o obvious_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o a_o ingenious_a stone-cutter_n not_o long_o since_o complain_v to_o i_o that_o sometime_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o servant_n the_o rain_n be_v suffer_v to_o soak_v into_o marble_n stone_n the_o superven_a violent_a frost_n will_v burst_v the_o stone_n to_o the_o professor_n no_o small_a damage_n and_o i_o remember_v another_o tradesman_n in_o who_o house_n i_o have_v lodging_n be_v last_o winter_n complain_v that_o even_o implement_n make_v of_o bell-metal_n be_v careless_o expose_v to_o the_o wet_a have_v be_v break_v and_o spoil_v by_o the_o water_n which_o have_v get_v into_o the_o little_a cavity_n and_o cranny_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v there_o afterward_o freeze_a and_o expanded_a into_o ice_n and_o to_o these_o relation_n 〈…〉_o in_o lâ—b_n 4._o 〈…〉_o we_o can_v add_v one_o of_o the_o former_o mention_v cabaeus_n whereby_o they_o not_o only_o may_v be_v confirm_v but_o be_v surpass_v for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o see_v a_o huge_a vessel_n of_o exceed_v hard_a marble_n split_v asunder_o by_o congealed_a water_n who_o rarefaction_n say_v our_o author_n prove_v so_o vehement_a that_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o stone_n yield_v to_o it_o and_o so_o a_o vessel_n be_v break_v which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o by_o 100_o yoke_n of_o ox_n draw_v it_o several_a way_n i_o know_v my_o lord_n that_o to_o solve_v this_o problem_n it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o congelation_n do_v not_o as_o be_v common_o but_o erroneous_o presume_v reduce_v water_n into_o less_o room_n than_o it_o possess_v before_o but_o rather_o make_v it_o take_v up_o more_o and_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v by_o particular_a experiment_n that_o 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change_n of_o the_o air_n in_o that_o glass_n egg_n may_v be_v the_o more_o conspicuous_a then_o there_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o glass_n five_o or_o six_o spoonful_n of_o water_n part_n of_o which_o by_o blow_v air_n into_o the_o egg_n be_v raise_v into_o the_o abovementioned_a slender_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o external_a air_n and_o that_o include_v in_o the_o egg_n this_o weatherglass_n delineate_v in_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v so_o place_v and_o close_v up_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o one_o of_o our_o small_a receiver_n that_o only_o the_o slender_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n to_o the_o height_n of_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n pass_v through_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n remain_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air._n the_o pump_n be_v set_v a_o work_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n descend_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o this_o upon_o two_o or_o three_o reiterated_a 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motion_n and_o any_o discernible_a sign_n of_o life_n and_o reduce_v to_o a_o condition_n that_o differ_v from_o death_n but_o in_o that_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o irrecoverable_a this_o i_o say_v we_o see_v perform_v without_o any_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o external_a violence_n offer_v to_o the_o engine_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o as_o be_v offer_v to_o a_o windmill_n when_o the_o wind_n cease_v to_o blow_v on_o the_o sail_n all_o the_o several_a part_n remain_v moveless_a and_o useless_a till_o a_o new_a breath_n put_v they_o into_o motion_n again_o and_o this_o be_v further_a very_o notable_a in_o this_o experiment_n that_o whereas_o it_o be_v know_v that_o bee_n and_o fly_n will_v not_o only_o walk_v but_o fly_v for_o a_o great_a while_n after_o their_o head_n be_v off_o and_o sometime_o one_o half_a of_o the_o body_n will_v for_o divers_a hour_n walk_v up_o and_o down_o when_o it_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o other_o yet_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n not_o 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requisite_a for_o my_o information_n i_o must_v confess_v to_o your_o lordship_n that_o in_o what_o i_o have_v hitherto_o say_v i_o pretend_v not_o so_o much_o to_o establish_v or_o overthrow_v this_o or_o that_o hypothesis_n as_o to_o lay_v together_o divers_a of_o the_o particular_n that_o occur_v to_o i_o in_o order_n to_o a_o future_a inquiry_n i_o say_v divers_a of_o the_o particular_n because_o i_o can_v add_v many_o other_o but_o that_o i_o want_v time_n and_o fear_v that_o i_o shall_v need_v your_o lordship_n pardon_n for_o have_v be_v so_o prolix_a in_o write_v and_o that_o of_o physician_n which_o perhaps_o i_o shall_v more_o easy_o obtain_v for_o have_v invade_v anatomy_n a_o discipline_n which_o they_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o and_o indeed_o have_v be_v the_o almost_o sole_a improver_n of_o without_o deny_v then_o that_o the_o inspire_v and_o expire_v air_n may_v be_v sometime_o very_o useful_a by_o condense_v and_o cool_v the_o blood_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n i_o hold_v that_o the_o depuration_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o that_o passage_n be_v not_o only_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_a but_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a use_n of_o respiration_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a also_o to_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n do_v something_o else_o in_o respiration_n which_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v sufficient_o explain_v and_o therefore_o till_o i_o have_v examine_v the_o matter_n more_o deliberate_o i_o shall_v not_o scruple_n to_o answer_v the_o question_n that_o may_v be_v ask_v i_o touch_v the_o genuine_a use_n of_o respiration_n in_o the_o excellent_a word_n employ_v by_o the_o acute_a st._n austin_n to_o one_o that_o ask_v he_o hard_a question_n mallem_fw-la quidem_fw-la say_v he_o corum_fw-la que_fw-fr à _fw-fr i_o quaesivisti_fw-la habere_fw-la scientiam_fw-la quam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la id_fw-la nondum_fw-la potui_fw-la magis_fw-la eligo_fw-la cautam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la confiteri_fw-la quam_fw-la falsam_fw-la scientiam_fw-la profiteri_fw-la have_v partly_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o some_o of_o the_o forego_n experiment_n 42._o experiment_n 42._o and_o partly_o upon_o ground_n not_o now_o to_o be_v insist_v on_o entertain_v a_o suspicion_n that_o the_o action_n of_o corrosive_a liquor_n in_o the_o dissolve_v of_o body_n may_v be_v considerable_o vary_v by_o the_o gravitation_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n and_o the_o removal_n of_o it_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o examine_v my_o conjecture_n by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v whole_a piece_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o cast_v they_o into_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o vinager_n as_o suffice_v to_o swim_v above_o a_o inch_n over_o they_o these_o substance_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o that_o the_o ebullition_n upon_o the_o solution_n may_v not_o be_v too_o great_a and_o that_o the_o operation_n may_v last_v the_o long_o have_v then_o put_v about_o half-a-score_n sprig_n of_o coral_n together_o with_o the_o menstruum_fw-la 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liquor_n be_v see_v to_o swim_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la plain_o appear_v to_o boil_v in_o the_o glass_n like_o a_o seethe_a pot._n and_o though_o if_o we_o desist_v but_o one_o minute_n from_o pump_v the_o decrement_n of_o the_o froth_n and_o ebullition_n upon_o the_o get_n in_o of_o a_o little_a air_n at_o some_o leak_n or_o other_o seem_v to_o argue_v that_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v the_o cause_n or_o at_o least_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o effervescence_n yet_o to_o evince_v this_o the_o more_o clear_o we_o turn_v the_o key_n and_o let_v in_o the_o external_a air_n at_o the_o stop-cock_n immediate_o upon_o who_o entrance_n the_o froth_n vanish_v and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o bubble_n within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o liquor_n disappear_v that_o it_o lose_v its_o whiteness_n &_o grow_v transparent_a again_o the_o menstruum_fw-la also_o work_v as_o languid_o upon_o the_o coral_n as_o it_o do_v before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n but_o when_o we_o have_v again_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n first_o the_o whiteness_n re-appeared_a than_o the_o ebulition_n be_v renew_v which_o the_o pump_v be_v a_o while_n long_o &_o nimble_o pursue_v grow_v so_o great_a that_o for_o 3_o or_o 4_o time_n one_o after_o another_o when_o ever_o the_o air_n be_v let_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o empty_v cylinder_n the_o frothy_a liquor_n overflowed_a the_o glass_n &_o run_v down_o by_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o readmit_v of_o the_o exclude_v air_n the_o boil_a liquor_n grow_v immediate_o as_o calm_v and_o as_o transparent_a as_o at_o first_o as_o if_o indeed_o the_o operation_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o coral_n have_v be_v facilitated_a by_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n which_o on_o its_o recess_n leave_v it_o more_o easy_a for_o the_o more_o active_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n to_o show_v