more_o apt_a to_o fly_v away_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n and_o that_o vitriol_n may_v probable_o rise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n without_o lose_v its_o quality_n be_v evident_a in_o sublimate_n which_o consist_v of_o mercury_n change_v by_o a_o addition_n of_o salt_n and_o vitriol_n for_o some_o vitriolic_a part_n be_v carry_v up_o in_o the_o preparation_n turn_v opacous_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n but_o further_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o iron_n may_v be_v considerable_o expanded_a i_o drop_v four_o drop_n of_o a_o vitriolic_a liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o copperas-work_n into_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o water_n and_o find_v that_o it_o so_o much_o impregnate_v 1500_o time_n its_o proportion_n of_o common_a water_n as_o to_o make_v it_o strong_a enough_o to_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n purple_a though_o by_o evaporation_n we_o find_v that_o 3_o part_n of_o 4_o of_o that_o liquor_n be_v water_n 28._o what_o alteration_n the_o earthy_a part_n of_o mineral_n water_n undergo_v by_o ignition_n and_o whether_o they_o may_v be_v vitrify_v per_fw-la se_fw-la as_o also_o what_o colour_n they_o impart_v to_o venice_n glass_n if_o mix_v with_o the_o powder_n before_o fluxion_n 29._o of_o what_o use_n they_o be_v in_o bake_v brew_v tan_v or_o die_v of_o colour_n etc._n etc._n 30._o how_o many_o way_n they_o may_v be_v make_v artificial_o and_o with_o what_o proportion_n of_o ingredient_n chap._n xi_o title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral-water_n consider_v as_o a_o medicine_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a observe_v in_o order_n to_o a_o more_o complete_a natural_a history_n of_o mineral-water_n what_o constitution_n they_o agree_v with_o and_o in_o what_o distemper_n they_o be_v proper_a or_o dangerous_a what_o sensible_a operation_n they_o have_v and_o whether_o their_o effect_n be_v alter_v by_o drink_v they_o hot_a or_o cold_a at_o the_o well_o or_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o it_o whether_o exercise_n or_o the_o warmth_n of_o a_o bed_n promote_v their_o operation_n whether_o they_o have_v any_o occult_a quality_n it_o may_v likewise_o be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v what_o good_a effect_n may_v succeed_v a_o due_a preparation_n of_o the_o body_n that_o drink_v they_o and_o what_o advantage_n it_o may_v be_v to_o drop_v some_o strengthen_v stomachick_n into_o the_o first_o do_v what_o quantity_n be_v enough_o for_o the_o first_o do_v and_o how_o it_o must_v be_v vary_v how_o long_o they_o may_v be_v drink_v and_o whether_o constant_o or_o with_o interval_n whether_o purge_v sometime_o may_v contribute_v to_o their_o good_a effect_n what_o regimen_n in_o the_o six_o non-naturals_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v whilst_o they_o be_v ataking_a which_o be_v the_o sign_n that_o denote_v the_o kindly_a operation_n of_o they_o or_o their_o future_a ill_a effect_n what_o ill_a accident_n attend_v the_o take_n of_o they_o and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v remedy_v or_o prevent_v whether_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o purge_v after_o the_o take_v of_o they_o what_o effect_n they_o will_v have_v by_o mix_v other_o liquor_n with_o they_o or_o by_o boil_a meat_n in_o they_o whether_o a_o salt_n extract_v will_v be_v of_o equal_a effect_n when_o dilute_v in_o fresh_a water_n what_o external_n effect_n they_o will_v have_v and_o of_o what_o use_v their_o sediment_n be_v when_o external_o apply_v what_o effect_n they_o will_v have_v on_o dog_n if_o inject_v into_o their_o vein_n or_o if_o they_o be_v keep_v with_o such_o for_o constant_a drink_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o natural_a and_o preternatural_a state_n of_o body_n especial_o the_o air._n it_o be_v the_o general_n consent_v of_o most_o man_n that_o the_o determinate_a state_n of_o body_n be_v not_o only_a first_o frame_v by_o what_o they_o call_v nature_n but_o that_o they_o be_v likewise_o preserve_v in_o those_o state_n by_o the_o superintendency_n of_o that_o power_n and_o that_o whenever_o they_o lose_v that_o state_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o a_o preternatural_a one_o but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o such_o change_n proceed_v from_o natural_a cause_n and_o that_o those_o new_a state_n depend_v on_o the_o like_a catholic_n agent_n ground_v the_o common_a distinction_n betwixt_o natural_a and_o preternatural_a state_n ill_o ground_v and_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o nature_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o distinction_n man_n usual_o make_v betwixt_o the_o natural_a and_o preternatural_a state_n of_o body_n be_v but_o ill-grounded_a and_o that_o preternatural_a be_v only_o a_o relative_n term_n intimate_v that_o that_o body_n have_v undergo_v a_o change_n either_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o some_o unheeded_a or_o more_o note_a agent_n for_o matter_n be_v altogether_o void_a of_o sense_n and_o perception_n and_o not_o affect_v one_o state_n more_o than_o another_o the_o change_v it_o undergo_v depend_v on_o the_o alteration_n of_o its_o texture_n and_o new_a position_n of_o its_o part_n alter_v afresh_o by_o that_o agent_n which_o such_o a_o body_n be_v last_o expose_v to_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wax_n be_v put_v into_o a_o new_a form_n by_o the_o last_o impression_n make_v by_o another_o body_n upon_o it_o without_o affect_v one_o form_n more_o than_o another_o itself_o place_n ice_n a_o natural_a state_n in_o some_o place_n and_o that_o the_o state_n of_o some_o body_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a as_o true_o depend_v on_o natural_a cause_n and_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o nature_n as_o other_o be_v evident_a in_o ice_n and_o water_n in_o which_o body_n the_o form_n of_o each_o depend_v upon_o the_o effect_n of_o external_n agent_n for_o though_o in_o these_o hot_a climate_n water_n be_v esteem_v a_o natural_a and_o ice_n a_o preternatural_a state_n of_o that_o substance_n yet_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o siberia_n a_o province_n belong_v to_o a_o russian_a emperor_n water_n be_v freeze_v most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o at_o a_o small_a depth_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o soil_n be_v freeze_v throughout_o where_o ice_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o natural_a and_o the_o alteration_n make_v by_o a_o thaw_v and_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o external_n temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o sun_n beam_n be_v esteem_v preternatural_a state_n of_o body_n and_o further_o though_o butter_n in_o our_o clime_n be_v sell_v in_o a_o consistent_a form_n and_o when_o it_o be_v melt_v be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v in_o a_o preternatural_a state_n yet_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o among_o the_o european_n it_o be_v fluid_a and_o be_v sell_v by_o measure_n and_o not_o by_o weight_n as_o here_o in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o several_a substance_n as_o rosin_n of_o jalap_n gum_n lacca_n and_o even_a aloe_n itself_o be_v considerable_o soften_v in_o their_o consistence_n by_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o force_n of_o external_n heat_n whilst_o they_o pass_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o that_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o former_a of_o the_o aforementioned_a drug_n be_v melt_v into_o a_o sort_n of_o balsam_n whilst_o it_o continue_v in_o africa_n but_o when_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o spain_n it_o put_v on_o a_o consistent_a form_n again_o and_o though_o aloe_n be_v soft_a whilst_o carry_v through_o america_n and_o those_o hot_a climate_n yet_o when_o it_o approach_v our_o climate_n it_o present_o become_v hard_a but_o to_o bring_v further_a instance_n concern_v the_o natural_a and_o preternatural_a state_n of_o body_n i_o shall_v observe_v that_o according_a the_o receive_v notion_n of_o natural_a and_o preternatural_a state_n it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o determine_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o the_o air_n for_o not_o to_o insist_v on_o the_o different_a temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o different_a clime_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v since_o heat_n and_o cold_a rarify_v and_o expand_v the_o air_n what_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o it_o in_o reference_n to_o rarity_n and_o density_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o questionable_a what_o place_n be_v most_o fit_a to_o determine_v its_o natural_a state_n since_o the_o state_n of_o it_o be_v not_o only_o different_a in_o several_a country_n but_o in_o those_o place_n at_o different_a time_n and_o that_o the_o change_n as_o to_o the_o density_n or_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v very_o frequent_a appear_v by_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n evident_a in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v deliver_v air._n a_o force_a state_n the_o natural_a state_n of_o the_o air._n but_o further_o except_o the_o state_n of_o the_o air_n be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a only_o in_o a_o relative_n sense_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o state_n it_o be_v in_o
bend_a p._n in_o press_v up_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n the_o finger_n may_v more_o vigorous_o draw_v up_o the_o leaver_n l._n t._n t._n a_o rectangle_n of_o iron_n compass_v the_o leaver_n l._n l._n and_o the_o iron_n o._n p._n o._n to_o keep_v it_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o the_o plug_n may_v not_o fly_v out_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o globe_n a._n a._n i._o i._n a_o elliptic_a hole_n which_o be_v shut_v with_o a_o valve_n that_o open_v inward_a the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v that_o what_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v see_v and_o mend_v s._n s._n a_o plate_n of_o metal_n perforate_v with_o a_o screw_n v._o which_o sustain_v the_o valve_n and_o keep_v the_o hole_n v._o shut_v q._n a_o hole_n for_o the_o air_n which_o be_v to_o be_v press_v into_o the_o globe_n to_o enter_v in_o at_o when_o the_o sucker_n d._n be_v pull_v down_o to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n the_o method_n to_o press_v air_n into_o this_o globe_n be_v this_o i_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o crooked_a end_n of_o the_o sucker_n d._n and_o then_o pull_v up_o the_o globe_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n be_v full_a of_o air_n i_o depress_v the_o globe_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o air_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v force_v into_o it_o through_o the_o valve_n f._n and_o this_o method_n be_v take_v as_o long_o as_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n will_v permit_v we_o to_o compress_v it_o any_o further_a the_o air_n may_v be_v discharge_v if_o when_o the_o plug_n d._n be_v draw_v out_o and_o a_o bullet_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n instead_o of_o it_o the_o plug_n e._n e._n e._n be_v raise_v so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o iron_n wire_n may_v open_v the_o valve_n b._n for_o the_o air_n violent_o rush_v out_o will_v drive_v the_o bullet_n away_o with_o great_a violence_n the_o globe_n will_v be_v soon_o fill_v with_o air_n if_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n before_o the_o sucker_n d._n for_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o air_n will_v be_v force_v clear_o out_o of_o the_o tube_n into_o the_o globe_n and_o this_o wind-gun_n have_v these_o advantage_n above_o any_o other_o yet_o mention_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v spoil_v as_o those_o that_o have_v two_o valve_n second_o it_o be_v easy_o mend_v what_o be_v amiss_o be_v take_v out_o at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n three_o it_o be_v much_o more_o staunch_a the_o cranny_n be_v stop_v with_o silver_n soder_n which_o damage_n not_o the_o leather_n on_o the_o valve_n because_o it_o be_v put_v in_o after_o the_o soder_n be_v cool_v at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n four_o several_a body_n may_v be_v convey_v into_o it_o at_o the_o elliptic_a hole_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o try_v several_a experiment_n plate_n v._o how_o factitious_a air_n may_v pass_v out_o of_o one_o receiver_n into_o another_o a.a._n a_o metalline_a plate_n perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a b._n b._n to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v the_o low_a orifice_n be_v make_v into_o a_o male_a screw_n d._n c._n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o female_a screw_n d._n of_o the_o copper_n funnel_n d._n c._n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o e._n e._n a_o hollow_a tube_n both_o of_o who_o end_n be_v form_v into_o a_o female_a screw_n to_o receive_v the_o male_a screw_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n b.b._n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o f._n f._n the_o receiver_n lay_v on_o the_o plate_n a._n a._n and_o exact_o fit_v to_o it_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o factitious_a air_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n f._n f._n and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tunnel_n c._n be_v place_v on_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n b._n be_v open_v the_o air_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n which_o be_v do_v the_o stop-cock_n be_v to_o be_v shut_v again_o and_o the_o male_a screw_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o female_a screw_n in_o the_o brass_n tunnel_n the_o receiver_n be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n to_o keep_v external_n air_n out_o as_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o compression_n of_o the_o factitious_a air_n they_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o mercurial_a gage_n before_o mention_v to_o transmit_v this_o air_n into_o another_o receiver_n f._n f._n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o small_a tube_n e._n e._n fig._n the_o second_o into_o each_o end_n of_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n of_o two_o receiver_n be_v screw_v and_o the_o cranny_n stop_v with_o cement_n by_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n the_o air_n may_v be_v let_v out_o of_o one_o into_o the_o other_o to_o discover_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o which_o receiver_n because_o they_o must_v be_v invert_v we_o contrive_v the_o follow_a gage_n 4._o see_v fig._n 4._o a._n a._n a_o viol_n fill_v with_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o superficies_n d._n d._n b._n b._n a_o tube_n cement_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o c._n c._n another_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n leave_v room_n for_o a_o due_a intercourse_n betwixt_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o which_o must_v be_v seal_v and_o the_o other_o end_v open_a if_o this_o gage_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v invert_v both_o the_o tube_n will_v have_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o exhaust_v and_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v factitious_a air_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v to_o give_v a_o intercourse_n betwixt_o they_o and_o then_o the_o gage_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n which_o lie_v below_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n fall_v about_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n by_o rise_v up_o into_o it_o will_v show_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o that_o factitious_a air._n plate_n vi_o a_o instrument_n by_o which_o air_n may_v be_v filtrate_v through_o water_n 1._o see_v fig._n 1._o a._n a._n a_o glass_n receiver_n who_o orifice_n be_v adapt_v to_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n which_o be_v perforate_v in_o the_o middle_a by_o the_o tubes_fw-la c._n c._n d._n d._n which_o be_v cement_v to_o it_o e._n e._n e._n e._n a_o stop-cock_n into_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n be_v insert_v f._n f._n the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n in_o which_o be_v make_v the_o chink_n g._n g._n without_o any_o perforation_n h._n h._n the_o receiver_n to_o which_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v prevent_v a_o ingress_n of_o outward_a air_n and_o have_v a_o due_a intercourse_n with_o the_o pump_n 1._o 1._o l._n l._n a_o glass_n vessel_n m._n the_o stopple_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n fasten_v with_o a_o screw_n 2._o see_v fig._n 2._o a_o stop-cock_n cut_v transverse_a so_o that_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n d._n d._n into_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v perceive_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n be_v as_o follow_v to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n may_v acquire_v new_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o body_n include_v with_o it_o we_o convey_v that_o body_n into_o the_o vessel_n and_o then_o pour_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n at_o the_o orifice_n m._n until_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v half_o full_a and_o the_o vessel_n l._n l._n swim_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o the_o orifice_n m._n be_v stop_v up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o key_n so_o place_v that_o the_o tube_n c._n c._n may_v communicate_v with_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n upon_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n will_v pass_v through_o the_o pipe_n c._n c._n and_o the_o chink_n g._n g._n into_o the_o receiver_n h._n h._n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o pump_n upon_o which_o the_o chink_n in_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o communicate_v with_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o then_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o air_n will_v be_v impel_v into_o the_o tube_n d._n d._n and_o emerge_n through_o the_o water_n will_v rise_v into_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n a._n a._n and_o by_o this_o method_n we_o can_v strain_v it_o through_o water_n as_o often_o as_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v inform_v what_o new_a quality_n it_o acquire_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o body_n about_o it_o figure_fw-fr iii_o how_o the_o same_o numerical_a air_n may_v be_v sometime_o condense_v and_o sometime_o rarify_v the_o receiver_n a._n a._n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n c._n be_v fix_v to_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o plate_n b._n b._n the_o
high_a octob._n 16._o 77._o three_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 30_o ounce_n of_o water_n with_o half_a a_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v much_o octob._n 18._o it_o be_v not_o a_o inch_n high_a jan._n 2._o 18._o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o full_a and_o some_o of_o the_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v pour_v out_o produce_v bubble_n in_o some_o turpentine_n about_o the_o orifice_n which_o break_v outward_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o hinder_v it_o see_v the_o ii_o viii_o and_o fourteen_o exp._n art_n ii_o experiment_n vii_o july_n 19_o 78._o mu_o express_v must_v from_o must_v bruise_a grape_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v 10_o month_n old_a the_o 21._o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o high_o 23._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n 24._o raise_v 5_o inch_n 25._o in_o the_o morning_n it_o be_v 104_o in_o the_o evening_n 137_o and_o the_o must_v make_v its_o way_n out_o 26._o more_o must_v get_v out_o the_o air_n be_v further_o expanded_a but_o the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n 27._o the_o screw_n be_v leave_v open_a half_o the_o must_v get_v out_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o keep_v grape_n for_o some_o time_n their_o fermentative_a virtue_n become_v more_o powerful_a experiment_n viii_o jan._n 30._o boil_a apple_n be_v put_v into_o receiver_n apple_n from_o boil_a apple_n with_o and_o without_o sugar_n they_o both_o present_o fill_v they_o full_a of_o air._n jan._n 31._o raw_n apple_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o receiver_n in_o one_o of_o which_o be_v put_v a_o three_o part_n of_o sugar_n and_o the_o other_o without_o feb._n 10._o the_o former_a have_v yield_v some_o air._n feb._n 14._o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v the_o mercury_n 30_o inch_n those_o which_o be_v boil_a raise_v it_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o other_o receiver_n we_o have_v no_o air_n generate_v feb._n 18._o in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o the_o raw_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v enclose_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 56_o inch_n the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 3._o the_o raw_a apple_n have_v yield_v little_a but_o in_o that_o which_o be_v almost_o full_a the_o apple_n be_v very_o little_o ferment_v but_o of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a taste_n feb._n 21._o the_o cover_n be_v break_v and_o the_o apple_n and_o sugar_n have_v lose_v some_o of_o their_o juice_n but_o they_o be_v not_o rot_a march_v 1_o in_o the_o great_a receiver_n in_o which_o raw_a apple_n be_v shut_v up_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 25_o inch_n in_o the_o little_a one_o not_o above_o 7._o where_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n be_v contain_v it_o be_v raise_v 9_o inch_n march_n 8._o in_o the_o large_a one_o it_o be_v 29._o in_o the_o less_o 22_o ½_n that_o where_o the_o boil_a apple_n be_v stay_v at_o 9_o inch_n march_n 17._o some_o juice_n get_v out_o of_o the_o large_a receiver_n in_o the_o less_o the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 67_o inch_n and_o the_o boil_a apple_n and_o sugar_n raise_v it_o 15_o inch_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sugar_n and_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o well_o as_o the_o crudity_n of_o the_o fruit_n contribute_v to_o the_o production_n of_o air._n article_n ii_o several_a way_n to_o hinder_v the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n i._n decemb._n 20._o 78._o dough_n make_v without_o leaven_n dough._n from_o dough._n but_o with_o the_o same_o meal_n with_o breadcorn_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n where_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o fire_n keep_v it_o warm_a than_o at_o midsummer_n in_o 10_o hour_n it_o yield_v no_o air_n so_o that_o if_o doughty_n be_v once_o too_o cold_a it_o hinder_v its_o fermentation_n for_o the_o future_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o doughty_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n present_o generate_v air._n experiment_n ii_o may_v 23._o three_o ounce_n of_o doughty_n leaven_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 50_o ounce_n of_o water_n i_o put_v spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o it_o may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v three_o inch_n high_a may_v 26._o the_o change_n be_v small_a may_v 27._o none_o at_o all_o may_v 29._o none_o at_o all_o june_n 2._o it_o ascend_v a_o little_a june_n 14._o not_o at_o all_o decemb._n 14._o be_v take_v out_o it_o smell_v subacid_n and_o be_v put_v into_o a_o empty_a receiver_n it_o swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o take_v up_o twice_o as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o with_o a_o gentle_a ebullition_n may_v 23._o the_o same_o quantity_n be_v of_o doughty_n shut_v up_o without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n be_v 19_o ½_n inch_n high_a may_v 26._o it_o be_v height_n be_v 38._o may_v 27._o no_o alteration_n decemb._n 14._o it_o continue_v at_o the_o same_o height_n and_o the_o dough_n smell_v subacid_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prevent_v the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o last_o experiment_n experiment_n iii_o august_n 29._o pear_n pear_n from_o pear_n and_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n be_v close_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n fill_v with_o water_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n 26_o inch_n high_o than_o it_o use_v to_o be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o be_v all_o make_v like_o a_o pultis_fw-la for_o consistence_n aug._n 30._o in_o 24_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a aug._n 31._o it_o remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 1._o they_o begin_v to_o yield_v air_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 27_o inch_n sept._n 2._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_o sept._n 3._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 17_o digit_n high_o the_o height_n be_v 52_o inch_n sept._n 4._o the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o 7_o inch_n further_o rest_v at_o 59_o inch_n sept._n 5._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a tube_n be_v 64_o inch_n and_o a_o pear_n break_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v turn_v black_n sept._n 6._o it_o be_v raise_v 3_o digit_n and_o ¼_n high_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a sept._n 7._o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n low_a and_o rest_v again_o at_o 64_o inch_n sept._n 8._o this_o day_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 58_o inch_n sept._n 9_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o 3_o digit_n high_o again_o and_o be_v suspend_v at_o 67_o digit_n sept._n 10._o in_o 24_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 69_o inch_n sept._n 11._o it_o descend_v to_o 67_o digit_n again_o the_o night_n be_v very_o cold_a sept._n 12._o no_o alteration_n happen_v at_o all_o sept._n 13._o it_o subside_v further_o to_o 64_o digit_n the_o cold_a be_v sharp_a sept._n 14._o it_o be_v 70_o digit_n high_a sept._n 16._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o sept._n 19_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n sept._n 20._o it_o be_v raise_v again_o to_o 71._o sept._n 23._o it_o subside_v to_o 69._o octob._n 1_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o again_o to_o 75_o digit_n octob._n 3_o on_o the_o 2_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n to_o day_n it_o stand_v at_o 70_o the_o wether_n be_v exceed_o cold_a octob._n yesterday_o the_o mercury_n remain_v at_o the_o same_o height_n but_o this_o day_n be_v rainy_n it_o rise_v again_o to_o 75._o octob._n 7._o the_o wether_n be_v the_o same_o the_o mercury_n be_v at_o a_o stand_n octob._n 10._o this_o day_n it_o subside_v to_o 69_o inch_n the_o rainy_n weather_n continue_v octob._n 12._o to_o day_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o 65_o inch_n cold_a wether_n come_v on_o again_o octob._n 13._o it_o be_v 64_o inch_n high_a octob._n 14_o it_o be_v 69_o digit_n high_a octob._n 15_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a octob._n 24_o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n the_o season_n be_v cold_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 64._o the_o cold_a more_o violent_a nou._n 5._o the_o mercury_n be_v 80_o ½_n inch_n high_a the_o cold_a more_o moderate_a nou._n 2._o it_o be_v 65_o inch_n high_a it_o be_v sharp_a frosty_a wether_n nou._n 27._o it_o be_v 68_o inch_n high_a a_o thaw_v come_v on_o dec._n 6._o it_o be_v 61_o inch_n high_a the_o wether_n be_v very_o frosty_a from_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o fruit_n yield_v not_o air_n plentiful_o when_o violent_o compress_v in_o the_o air_n the_o air_n afford_v when_o they_o be_v compress_v not_o be_v ⅛_n of_o what_o they_o yield_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n but_o that_o the_o cold_a may_v concur_v to_o hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air_n will_v be_v evident_a from_o the_o follow_a
experiment_n experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o 77._o ten_o ounce_n of_o paste_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 22_o ounce_n of_o water_n paste_n from_o paste_n i_o impress_v air_n enough_o into_o it_o to_o sustain_v 73_o inch_n of_o mercury_n above_o the_o length_n of_o a_o cylinder_n which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o in_o two_o hour_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n feb._n 23._o in_o 18_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o in_o 6_o hour_n more_o it_o ascend_v 8_o inch_n high_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o 83_o inch_n feb._n 24_o it_o be_v 90_o inch_n high_a feb._n 25_o it_o be_v 97_o inch_n high_a feb._n 26_o it_o be_v 101_o inch_n high_a feb._n 27_o it_o be_v 105_o inch_n high_a feb._n 28_o it_o be_v 107_o ½_n inch_n high_a march_n 1_o it_o be_v 112_o inch_n high_a water_n seem_v to_o be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o paste_n march_n 2_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 120_o inch_n march_n 3_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o 121_o inch_n march_n 4_o &_o 5_o it_o remain_v at_o 121_o inch_n march_n 8._o upon_o a_o thaw_v the_o mercury_n ascend_v 4_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 125_o digit_n march_n 10._o it_o rise_v 6_o digit_n high_o be_v suspend_v at_o 131_o digit_n march_n 21._o the_o season_n be_v so_o long_o cold_a no_o air_n be_v generate_v except_o that_o in_o the_o three_o last_o day_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n and_o rest_v at_o 138_o digit_n april_n 4._o one_o of_o the_o iron_n wire_n make_v use_v of_o to_o straiten_v the_o receiver_n be_v break_v and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o cold_a and_o compression_n hinder_v the_o generation_n of_o air._n experiment_n v._n march_n 1._o 77._o two_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bruise_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n with_o six_o ounce_n of_o vinegar_n it_o afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o march_n 2._o it_o still_o yield_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v half_o a_o inch._n march_n 25._o the_o vinegar_n seem_v to_o contain_v bubble_n but_o the_o mercury_n be_v not_o raise_v a_o inch._n so_o that_o vinegar_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n vi._n april_n 7._o have_v put_v 10_o ounce_n of_o paste_n into_o a_o receiver_n able_a to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n receiver_n paste_n include_v in_o a_o receiver_n of_o water_n as_o much_o air_n be_v press_v in_o as_o sustain_v mercury_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n 128_o inch_n in_o six_o hour_n it_o be_v raise_v four_o inch_n be_v sustain_v at_o 132_o digit_n april_n 8._o in_o 16_o hour_n it_o ascend_v 9_o inch_n high_o but_o for_o nine_o hour_n after_o it_o rest_v at_o 141._o april_n 9_o some_o air_n break_v out_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 130_o inch_n therefore_o thrust_v in_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v it_o to_o 141_o i_o close_v it_o it_o up_o with_o a_o screw_n apr._n 10_o it_o be_v at_o 151_o digit_n apr._n 11_o it_o be_v at_o 158_o digit_n apr._n 12_o it_o be_v at_o 168_o digit_n apr._n 13_o it_o be_v at_o 176_o digit_n april_n 14_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 15_o it_o be_v at_o 183_o digit_n april_n 16_o it_o be_v at_o 187_o digit_n april_n 17_o it_o be_v at_o 191_o digit_n april_n 27._o eight_o day_n its_o station_n be_v unaltered_a but_o the_o two_o last_o it_o be_v raise_v 7_o inch_n be_v raise_v to_o 198_o digit_n april_n 30._o so_o much_o air_n be_v let_v out_o that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v but_o 50_o inch_n above_o its_o usual_a height_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o compress_v state_n of_o that_o air_n hinder_v it_o from_o expanding_n the_o remain_a air_n be_v pin_v up_o present_o raise_v the_o mercury_n sensible_o and_o 3_o hour_n after_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 62_o digit_n from_o 50._o in_o five_o hour_n space_n after_o rose_n 1_o ½_n may_v 1._o in_o 15_o hour_n it_o raise_v only_o a_o inch._n may_v 3_o on_o the_o second_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 1_o ½_n may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v no_o high_a i_o let_v the_o air_n go_v and_o the_o screw_v be_v set_v again_o in_o five_o minute_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n may_v 7._o in_o 3_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v 2_o inch_n high_o may_v 8._o in_o the_o two_o last_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v ½_n a_o inch._n and_o the_o mass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o 5_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o a_o inch._n may_v 21._o it_o have_v not_o be_v raise_v 3_o inch_n yet_o may_v 30._o it_o rest_v at_o 4_o inch_n and_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o the_o air_n that_o paste_n will_v afford_v may_v be_v obtain_v from_o it_o though_o it_o be_v compress_v yet_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o some_o measure_n till_o that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n may_v be_v generate_v by_o repeat_v turn_v and_o reciprocation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v more_o slow_o generate_v in_o compress_v than_o in_o free_a air_n it_o usual_o yield_v all_o that_o it_o will_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n time_n experiment_n viii_o artificial_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o have_v include_v plum_n and_o apricock_n cut_v asunder_o in_o a_o receiver_n apricock_n plum_n and_o apricock_n i_o press_v so_o much_o artificial_a air_n of_o cherry_n into_o they_o as_o raise_v 64_o digit_n of_o mercury_n august_n 1_o they_o yield_v no_o air_n but_o become_v yellow_a as_o if_o too_o ripe_a august_n 3_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o and_o a_o whole_a apricock_n appear_v full_a of_o drop_n of_o water_n august_n 7._o the_o whole_a apricock_n grow_v soft_a and_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n 59_o inch_n tall_a than_o its_o usual_a length_n august_n 8_o it_o be_v 61_o digit_n high_a august_n 9_o it_o be_v 65_o digit_n high_a august_n 10_o it_o be_v 71_o digit_n high_a august_n 11_o it_o be_v 74_o digit_n high_a april13_n it_o be_v 78_o digit_n high_a april14_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april15_n it_o be_v 80_o digit_n high_a april16_n and_o till_o the_o 22_o the_o it_o rest_v at_o the_o same_o height_n the_o 24_o it_o be_v 77_o inch_n high_a on_o the_o 29_o i_o open_v the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o fruit_n be_v well_o colour_a and_o smell_v sub-acid_a the_o flesh_n be_v spongeous_a it_o emit_v several_a bubble_n when_o first_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o ambient_fw-la pressure_n common_a air._n july_n 30._o 77._o the_o same_o fruit_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o common_a air_n some_o be_v cut_v and_o other_o whole_a july_n 31._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a august_n 1_o at_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 20_o inch_n august_n 3_o the_o fruit_n be_v much_o more_o firm_a than_o those_o include_v with_o artificial_a air._n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v to_o 35_o inch_n august_n 4._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n august_n 6._o the_o apricock_n appear_v unaltered_a the_o mercury_n stand_v at_o 57_o inch_n aug._n 7_o it_o be_v 81_o digit_n high_a aug._n 8_o it_o be_v 95_o digit_n high_a aug._n 9_o it_o be_v 113_o digit_n high_a aug._n 10_o it_o be_v 124_o digit_n high_a the_o apricock_n begin_v to_o turn_v yellow_a but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o appear_v moist_a aug._n 11_o it_o be_v 131_o digit_n high_a aug._n 13_o it_o be_v 157_o digit_n high_a aug._n 14_o it_o be_v 163_o digit_n high_a aug._n 15_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 16_o it_o be_v 171_o digit_n high_a aug._n 17_o and_o for_o some_o time_n after_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o same_o height_n aug._n 27_o it_o be_v 182_o inch_n high_a aug._n 29_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o apricock_n be_v more_o acid_n and_o less_o grateful_a to_o the_o taste_n than_o those_o in_o factitious_a air_n the_o pulp_n be_v well_o colour_a but_o spongy_a they_o yield_v bubble_n as_o the_o other_o do_v from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o the_o artificial_a air_n hinder_v the_o apricock_n enclose_v with_o they_o from_o yield_a air_n yet_o it_o enrich_v their_o colour_n and_o firmness_n and_o be_v good_a to_o preserve_v their_o taste_n experiment_n viii_o wine_n grape_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o unripe_a grape_n bruise_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n of_o water_n oct._n 11_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 12_o the_o ascent_n
the_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o spirit_n in_o warm_a water_n the_o ice_n will_v swim_v but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o the_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o be_v clear_a from_o bubble_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v and_o very_o transparent_a will_v not_o sink_v in_o water_n but_o another_o piece_n which_o in_o a_o microscope_n appear_v to_o be_v full_a of_o bubble_n be_v nevertheless_o transparent_a and_o will_v float_v on_o water_n 4._o that_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o ice_n depend_v on_o the_o number_n of_o bubble_n disperse_v through_o it_o be_v unquestionable_a but_o how_o it_o come_v by_o those_o bubble_n be_v a_o matter_n that_o deserve_v our_o inquiry_n and_o though_o mr_n hobbes_n attribute_n it_o to_o the_o intrusion_n of_o some_o external_a airy_a part_n yet_o we_o observe_v that_o water_n defend_v from_o the_o intrusion_n of_o 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the_o expansion_n of_o ice_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o insinuation_n of_o airy_a part_n it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o when_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o the_o air_n which_o be_v so_o many_o time_n light_a than_o water_n can_v dive_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o and_o that_o too_o without_o be_v see_v four_o if_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o ice_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o external_a air_n depress_v through_o freeze_a water_n ice_n thaw_v will_v yield_v air_n enough_o to_o fill_v as_o much_o space_n as_o the_o freeze_a water_n possess_v more_o than_o the_o thaw_a water_n 6._o that_o the_o bubble_n contain_v in_o freeze_a water_n be_v not_o adequate_o fill_v with_o air_n though_o sometime_o the_o air_n that_o they_o contain_v be_v afford_v by_o those_o airy_a part_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n and_o that_o they_o be_v often_o generate_v numerous_o notwithstanding_o a_o recess_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o air_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i._o water_n free_v from_o bubble_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it and_o afterward_o convey_v into_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n expanded_a not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a water_n nor_o be_v the_o ice_n near_o so_o full_a of_o bubble_n ii_o water_n which_o have_v be_v free_v from_o bubble_n in_o our_o prismatical_a engine_n be_v freeze_v contain_v few_o bubble_n but_o be_v thaw_v and_o then_o pour_v into_o a_o glass-cylind_a it_o be_v powerful_o expanded_a so_o far_o as_o to_o burst_v the_o glass_n iii_o a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o narrow_a stem_n be_v fill_v so_o far_o with_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o rise_v a_o inch_n within_o the_o stem_n it_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v bubble_n rise_v so_o plentiful_o that_o the_o liquor_n seem_v to_o boil_v which_o when_o it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v of_o we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expanded_a liquor_n be_v freeze_v have_v rise_v a_o great_a way_n above_o its_o first_o height_n when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o open_a air_n of_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o thaw_v leisurely_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o when_o that_o be_v dissolve_v the_o ice_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o a_o unusual_a texture_n be_v void_a of_o bubble_n and_o not_o unlike_o a_o frost_a piece_n of_o glass_n who_o asperety_n be_v very_o thick_o set_v when_o the_o ice_n be_v almost_o thaw_v we_o convey_v the_o bubble_n into_o the_o receiver_n but_o though_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v we_o perceive_v not_o that_o the_o ice_n be_v soon_o melt_v but_o the_o water_n afford_v a_o few_o bubble_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n some_o few_o appear_v in_o the_o ice_n when_o the_o ice_n be_v whole_o thaw_v we_o take_v the_o glass-bubble_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n if_o not_o a_o little_a below_o it_o so_o that_o the_o water_n when_o expanded_a rise_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a water_n be_v but_o two_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a the_o ice_n seem_v to_o take_v up_o about_o a_o twelve_o part_n more_o than_o the_o unfreeze_v water_n 7._o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o that_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o bubble_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v considerable_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n be_v turn_v into_o ice_n as_o far_o as_o the_o mixture_n wrought_v in_o which_o we_o perceive_v beside_o a_o few_o large_a bubble_n small_a one_o enough_o to_o render_v it_o opacous_a 8._o to_o show_v that_o the_o bubble_n perceivable_a in_o ice_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o true_a and_o springy_a air_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o place_v a_o glass-egg_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a again_o as_o a_o ordinary_a egg_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fiill_v with_o water_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o neck_n stand_v about_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n which_o circumscribe_v it_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o end_n of_o my_o finger_n the_o particular_n afford_v by_o this_o experiment_n be_v i._o the_o water_n do_v not_o sensible_o subside_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v ii_o some_o part_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o swell_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n iii_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o liquor_n rise_v 4_o 2_o 9_o inch_n and_o continue_v to_o rise_v till_o it_o be_v above_o five_o inch_n ½_n when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o iv_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n first_o leave_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n uncongeal_v v._n no_o bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o water_n though_o the_o ice_n be_v full_a of_o they_o some_o be_v as_o large_a as_o small_a pease_n vi_o we_o pour_v as_o much_o salad-oil_n upon_o the_o water_n as_o wrought_v two_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v the_o end_n of_o it_o up_o the_o water_n subside_v a_o little_a but_o be_v present_o raise_v again_o to_o its_o former_a height_n in_o the_o mixture_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o stem_n remain_v above_o the_o oil_n fill_v with_o air._n vii_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v weigh_v first_o in_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o water_n poise_v with_o its_o opposite_a weight_n viii_o upon_o the_o thaw_v of_o the_o ice_n several_a bubble_n rise_v which_o vanish_v at_o the_o top_n ix_o the_o water_n be_v thaw_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la continue_v the_o same_o and_o subside_v to_o its_o first_o mark_n and_o no_o low_o though_o it_o have_v part_v with_o so_o many_o bubble_n x._o the_o glass_n be_v invert_v the_o seal_a end_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o it_o be_v force_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n press_v the_o contain_v air_n into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o xi_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n possess_v the_o same_o place_n that_o they_o do_v before_o xii_o the_o oil_n be_v throw_v out_o and_o so_o much_o water_n put_v into_o the_o stem_n as_o raise_v the_o surface_n as_o high_a as_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o glaciation_n the_o glass_n weigh_v 4374_o grain_n when_o fill_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n it_o weigh_v 4152_o and_o when_o empty_a 1032_o so_o that_o the_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o
he_o expand_v himself_o chap._n iv_o laudanum_n helmontii_fw-la junioris_fw-la communicate_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n of_o october_n 1674._o laudanum_n preparation_n of_o laudanum_n take_v of_o opium_n four_o ounce_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o quince_n four_o pound_n cut_v the_o opium_n small_a and_o digest_v it_o in_o the_o juice_n of_o quince_n ten_o day_n or_o more_o than_o filter_n it_o and_o have_v infuse_v in_o it_o of_o cinnamon_n nutmeg_n and_o clove_n each_o one_o ounce_n let_v they_o infuse_v six_o day_n and_o then_o have_v let_v it_o just_o boil_v a_o little_a filter_n it_o and_o evaporate_v the_o moisture_n till_o the_o mass_n be_v of_o what_o consistence_n you_o desire_v and_o incorporate_v with_o it_o two_o or_o three_o ounce_n of_o saffron_n well_o powder_v and_o make_v it_o up_o into_o a_o mass_n the_o do_v of_o this_o laudanum_n if_o keep_v liquid_a be_v from_o five_o to_o ten_o drop_n or_o less_o and_o of_o the_o pill_n a_o less_o quantity_n be_v require_v chap._n v._o observation_n of_o a_o earthquake_n make_v at_o oxford_n and_o communcate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o april_n 2._o 1666._o earthquake_n observation_n of_o au_fw-fr earthquake_n ride_v betwixt_o oxford_n and_o a_o lodging_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v four_o mile_n off_o the_o first_o two_o mile_n it_o be_v cold_a than_o at_o other_o time_n all_o that_o winter_n but_o before_o i_o get_v home_o the_o wind_n turn_v and_o rain_n begin_v to_o fall_v and_o in_o a_o hour_n after_o i_o perceive_v a_o tremble_a in_o the_o house_n where_o i_o be_v and_o soon_o after_o there_o happen_v a_o brisk_a storm_n at_o brill_n a_o place_n high_o than_o where_o i_o be_v the_o earthquake_n be_v more_o sensible_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o floor_n of_o a_o gentleman_n house_n be_v perceive_v to_o move_v this_o hill_n abound_v with_o several_a kind_n of_o mineral_n substance_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o from_o that_o place_n the_o earthquake_n extend_v itself_o several_a miles_n chap._n vi_o passage_n relate_v to_o the_o art_n of_o medicine_n medicine_n passage_n relate_v to_o the_o art_n of_o medicine_n though_o the_o follow_a passage_n may_v be_v of_o small_a use_n to_o the_o ingenious_a and_o experience_a master_n yet_o since_o they_o may_v be_v fervicable_a to_o young_a physician_n i_o shall_v for_o their_o information_n impart_v they_o experiment_n i._n a_o tall_a well_o set_v gentleman_n about_o twenty_o four_o year_n old_a have_v by_o a_o fall_n break_v his_o skull_n in_o several_a place_n which_o be_v several_a time_n trepane_v and_o large_a chasm_n make_v in_o it_o by_o the_o take_n away_o of_o several_a piece_n in_o about_o three_o day_n time_n he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o palsy_n on_o one_o side_n so_o violent_o as_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o motion_n and_o almost_o of_o sense_n except_o that_o in_o his_o leg_n he_o have_v some_o short_a remission_n and_o this_o palsy_n continue_v about_o twenty_o four_o week_n about_o which_o time_n his_o head_n be_v further_o lay_v open_a they_o find_v a_o splinter_n of_o a_o bone_n much_o like_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o fish_n which_o stick_v so_o fast_o and_o close_o to_o the_o dura_n mater_n that_o a_o effusion_n of_o blood_n accompany_v the_o take_n of_o it_o away_o but_o that_o be_v stop_v in_o about_o three_o day_n time_n his_o palsy_n begin_v to_o leave_v he_o and_o he_o be_v now_o very_o strong_a and_o healthy_a though_o the_o callus_fw-la which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o his_o skull_n be_v very_o large_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v what_o great_a effect_n may_v spring_v from_o a_o very_a slight_a cause_n but_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a observation_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o part_n whilst_o the_o palsy_n continue_v be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n but_o be_v very_o much_o extenuate_v by_o a_o continue_a atrophy_n which_o loss_n of_o substance_n they_o acquire_v again_o upon_o a_o cessation_n of_o the_o paralytic_a affection_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o and_o other_o part_n be_v that_o they_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v cold_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o though_o he_o be_v frequent_o let_v blood_n he_o continue_v to_o have_v a_o good_a stomach_n nor_o do_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o brain_n cause_n the_o least_o vomit_v or_o convulsion_n experiment_n ii_o to_o show_v the_o great_a and_o terrible_a effect_n of_o sudden_a passion_n of_o the_o mind_n i_o shall_v relate_v the_o follow_v history_n viz._n that_o a_o woman_n have_v take_v a_o boy_n to_o a_o river_n side_n with_o she_o which_o she_o love_v very_o well_o the_o boy_n accidental_o fall_v into_o the_o water_n unseen_a by_o she_o when_o she_o miss_v he_o she_o be_v take_v with_o a_o dead_a palsy_n which_o can_v not_o be_v remove_v experiment_n iii_o but_o to_o show_v what_o contrary_a effect_n violent_a passion_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v have_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v in_o his_o youth_n take_v with_o so_o violent_a a_o sciatica_n that_o he_o can_v not_o go_v but_o be_v carry_v to_o church_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o incurable_a yet_o once_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o church_n news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o enemy_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o town_n which_o be_v a_o frontier_n garrison_n and_o design_v to_o massacre_n all_o in_o the_o church_n they_o all_o flee_v and_o leave_v he_o behind_o they_o who_o be_v as_o much_o afraid_a of_o himself_o as_o the_o rest_n get_v off_o his_o seat_n and_o walk_v along_o like_o other_o man_n and_o this_o i_o receive_v from_o the_o person_n affect_v forty_o year_n after_o the_o say_v fright_v who_o in_o all_o that_o time_n suffer_v not_o the_o least_o relapse_n of_o the_o distemper_n it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a advantage_n to_o physic_n will_v philosopher_n among_o those_o experiment_n which_o they_o lie_v down_o as_o relate_v to_o what_o they_o write_v purposely_o about_o communicate_v those_o which_o they_o think_v of_o use_n to_o physician_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v less_o pertinent_a to_o the_o subject_a under_o consideration_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o shall_v for_o the_o future_a communicate_v such_o desire_v this_o short_a advertisement_n may_v be_v my_o apology_n a_o desined_a chemical_a medicine_n experiment_n iu._n though_o vomitive_a medicine_n be_v not_o a_o little_a dangerous_a yet_o since_o in_o several_a disease_n they_o be_v altogether_o requisite_a i_o shall_v here_o lay_v down_o a_o preparation_n which_o be_v as_o effectual_a and_o yet_o safe_a than_o any_o other_o liquor_n and_o much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o infusion_n of_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la the_o preparation_n be_v this_o distil_v two_o part_n of_o antimony_n and_o three_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o glass-receiver_n till_o the_o distil_a menstruum_fw-la be_v succeed_v with_o red_a flores_n and_o filtrate_v the_o liquor_n through_o cap-paper_n lay_v it_o up_o for_o use_v close_o stop_v it_o may_v be_v give_v from_o four_o to_o eight_o or_o ten_o drop_n in_o a_o spoonful_n or_o two_o of_o wine_n blackcherry_n water_n or_o spring-water_n drink_v some_o of_o the_o same_o liquor_n after_o it_o to_o wash_v it_o down_o it_o work_v very_o soon_o and_o evacuate_v plentiful_o and_o effectual_o without_o danger_n it_o have_v have_v not_o only_o very_o good_a success_n in_o surfeit_n and_o several_a other_o case_n but_o cure_v a_o person_n of_o a_o intermit_a fever_n which_o put_v on_o various_a type_n and_o continue_v to_o afflict_v the_o patient_n three_o year_n notwithstanding_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o jesuit_n powder_n have_v be_v frequent_o give_v but_o here_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v this_o short_a advertisement_n viz._n that_o the_o powder_n if_o keep_v long_o be_v apt_a to_o precipitate_v it_o must_v either_o be_v make_v use_n of_o whilst_o the_o liquor_n be_v fresh_a or_o the_o bottle_n must_v be_v 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form_n for_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o that_o bony_a substánce_n so_o much_o esteem_v by_o physician_n which_o be_v usual_o take_v out_o of_o the_o deer_n heart_n and_o be_v of_o a_o hard_a consistence_n have_v appear_v in_o one_o of_o those_o creature_n which_o i_o purposely_o look_v into_o to_o be_v soft_a and_o flexible_a like_o cartilage_n and_o indeed_o solidity_n seem_v so_o much_o to_o depend_v upon_o texture_n that_o it_o may_v just_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o most_o solid_a body_n have_v not_o before_o their_o concretion_n be_v in_o fluid_a form_n since_o among_o other_o rarity_n i_o have_v see_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o stone_n the_o exact_a figure_n of_o fish_n with_o their_o scale_n and_o finns_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o have_v know_v not_o only_a wood_n but_o several_a other_o substance_n as_o lead-oar_n minera_n antimonii_n marchasite_n etc._n etc._n find_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o stony_a concretion_n which_o be_v strong_a 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pierre_n belleprat_n who_o relate_v it_o as_o a_o observation_n in_o the_o american_n continent_n where_o he_o be_v send_v to_o preach_v to_o the_o indian_n earth_n a_o strange_a sort_n of_o earth_n the_o relation_n be_v that_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v a_o green_a sort_n of_o clay_n which_o be_v soft_a and_o capable_a of_o be_v put_v into_o any_o form_n whilst_o under_o water_n grow_v so_o hard_a when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n as_o not_o to_o be_v much_o soft_a than_o diamond_n and_o this_o he_o say_v the_o native_n usual_o make_v hatchet_n of_o which_o they_o cut_v their_o wood_n in_o piece_n with_o but_o coral_n a_o concrete_a result_v from_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o coral_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n which_o will_v be_v a_o far_a confirmation_n that_o
quality_n and_o stupendous_a multitude_n of_o adventitious_a corpuscle_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o stink_a agitation_n requisite_a to_o preserve_v sea_n water_n from_o stink_a but_o to_o proceed_v among_o the_o various_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v about_o sea-water_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n that_o if_o it_o be_v keep_v from_o agitation_n it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n stink_n which_o i_o have_v not_o only_o observe_v by_o keep_v some_o of_o it_o in_o a_o runlet_n for_o some_o time_n but_o also_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o in_o a_o voyage_n be_v for_o some_o day_n becalm_v that_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o agitation_n stink_v so_o much_o in_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o day_n that_o the_o smell_n be_v almost_o intolerable_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o wind_n put_v the_o water_n into_o agitation_n which_o agree_v with_o what_o sir_n john_n hawkins_n have_v observe_v who_o relate_v the_o follow_a story_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o force_n of_o wind_n tide_n and_o current_n it_o will_v corrupt_v all_o the_o world_n the_o experience_n of_o which_o i_o see_v anno_fw-la 1590._o lie_v with_o a_o fleet_n about_o the_o island_n of_o azore_n almost_o six_o month_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v becalm_v with_o which_o all_o the_o sea_n become_v so_o replenish_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o jelly_n and_o form_n of_o serpent_n adder_n and_o snake_n as_o seem_v wonderful_a some_o green_a some_o black_a some_o yellow_a some_o white_a some_o of_o divers_a colour_n and_o many_o of_o they_o have_v life_n and_o some_o there_o be_v a_o yard_n and_o a_o half_a and_o some_o two_o yard_n long_o which_o have_v i_o not_o see_v i_o can_v hardly_o have_v believe_v and_o hereof_o be_v witness_n all_o the_o company_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v then_o present_a so_o that_o hardly_o a_o man_n can_v draw_v a_o bucket_n of_o water_n clear_a of_o some_o corruption_n in_o which_o voyage_n towards_o the_o 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observe_v in_o sea-water_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n sea-water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n in_o sea-water_n the_o first_o experiment_n i_o make_v to_o discover_v the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n be_v this_o that_o have_v in_o a_o viol_n weigh_v a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-water_n take_v up_o at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o common_a water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a exceed_v the_o latter_a of_o forty_o five_o part_n but_o these_o liquor_n be_v more_o hydrostatical_o try_v by_o weigh_v sulphur_n in_o they_o that_o which_o in_o the_o sea-water_n weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 10_o ½_n gr_n in_o sea-water_n fetch_v from_o the_o bottom_n balance_v the_o same_o weight_n but_o be_v weigh_v in_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v ℥_o ss_z +_o 15_o ½_n gr_n so_o that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v a_o fifty_o three_o part_n heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a the_o difference_n in_o which_o way_n of_o try_v it_o from_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o former_a trial_n i_o can_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o some_o grosser_n saline_n part_v mix_v with_o the_o common_a water_n or_o some_o evaporate_v part_n of_o the_o sea-water_n another_o way_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o try_v the_o different_a specific_a gravity_n of_o these_o liquor_n be_v by_o distillation_n ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n in_o which_o a_o pound_n averdupoise_n weight_n yield_v ℥_o ss_z 10_o gr_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o salt_n to_o the_o water_n be_v as_o 30_o and_o 12_o 100_o to_o one_o be_v near_o the_o thirty_o part._n but_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o salt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o imbibe_v moisture_n from_o the_o air_n i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v dry_v in_o a_o crucible_n and_o find_v it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la +_o ss_z which_o be_v about_o a_o thirty_o six_o part._n how_o so_o much_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n shall_v be_v obtain_v by_o distillation_n be_v difficult_a to_o conjecture_v yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n detain_v from_o fly_v away_o by_o be_v enclose_v among_o the_o cubical_a salt_n and_o this_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v first_o because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prepare_v a_o salt_n which_o will_v coagulate_v and_o embody_n itself_o with_o water_n and_o second_o because_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o sort_n of_o salt_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v here_o purify_v and_o dissolve_v will_v yield_v a_o double_a quantity_n other_o the_o sea-water_n salt_a sometime_o than_o at_o other_o whether_o the_o sea-water_n may_v at_o some_o time_n be_v more_o impregnate_v with_o saline_n part_n than_o at_o other_o i_o conceive_v probable_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o supply_n that_o it_o receive_v both_o from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v carry_v to_o it_o along_o with_o spring_n and_o also_o the_o sudden_a addition_n it_o may_v receive_v from_o subterraneal_a exhalation_n but_o these_o observation_n be_v very_o nice_a it_o most_o common_o require_v other_o measure_n than_o what_o hydrostatic_o afford_v for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o several_a volatile_a salt_n which_o be_v of_o no_o considerable_a weight_n above_o common_a water_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o it_o without_o be_v perceive_v so_o that_o one_o may_v easy_o be_v deceive_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n altogether_o by_o hydrostaticks_n because_o that_o which_o violent_o affect_v the_o taste_n may_v have_v but_o a_o small_a influence_n in_o the_o balance_n to_o confirm_v which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o bubble_n of_o glass_n have_v metal_n in_o it_o weigh_v ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 51_o ¼_n gr_n in_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o but_o ʒiij_fw-la ✚_o 45_o ¾_n in_o common_a water_n but_o further_a i_o weigh_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o sea-salt_n bring_v from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o find_v that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o a_o equal_a proportion_n of_o that_o liquor_n as_o two_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o one_o whereas_o the_o shall_v ammoniac_a be_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o part_n above_o one_o and_o 7_o 10_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a because_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v sea-salt_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v the_o great_a degree_n of_o saltness_n that_o water_n will_v be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o shake_v a_o lump_n of_o salt_n in_o water_n till_o it_o will_v dissolve_v no_o more_o and_o find_v that_o a_o brine_n may_v be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o salt_n will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o five_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n to_o conclude_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o
compare_v with_o that_o of_o common_a water_n will_v show_v what_o quantity_n of_o mineral_n substance_n the_o water_n have_v dissolve_v in_o it_o and_o whether_o metalline_a or_o more_o volatile_a as_o it_o be_v heavy_a or_o light_a where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v sometime_o light_a than_o common_a water_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o volatile_a part_n and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v void_a of_o saline_n part_n which_o make_v common_a water_n something_o heavy_a but_o to_o discover_v the_o different_a weight_n of_o several_a mineral_n water_n i_o cause_v a_o glass-viol_n with_o a_o flat_a bottom_n and_o a_o long_a neck_n three_o inch_n long_o to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o light_a as_o to_o weigh_v but_o ʒvi_fw-la +_o 42_o grain_n though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v ℥_o iij_o ss_z and_o 43_o grain_n of_o water_n which_o make_v it_o more_o proper_a for_o a_o nice_a balance_n by_o which_o i_o find_v the_o follow_a mineral_n water_n to_o differ_v thus_o in_o weight_n water_n ounce_n drachm_n grain_n common_a 3_o 4_o 43_o common_a distil_v 3_o 4_o 41_o acton_n 3_o 4_o 48_o ½_n epsom_n 3_o 4_o 51_o dulwich_n 3_o 4_o 54_o staton_n 3_o 4_o 55_o barnet_n 3_o 4_o 52_o north-hall_n 3_o 4_o 50_o german-spaw_n 3_o 4_o 40_o tunbridge_n 3_o 4_o 38_o islington_n from_o the_o music-house_n 3_o 4_o 36_o islington_n from_o the_o vault_n with_o step_n 3_o 4_o 39_o islington_n from_o the_o cellar_n 3_o 4_o 39_o 3._o of_o their_o different_a degree_n of_o transparency_n or_o opacity_n 4._o whether_o without_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o will_v afford_v a_o pracipitate_a by_o which_o observation_n the_o different_a soil_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v will_v not_o only_o be_v discover_v but_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v to_o distinguish_v such_o from_o the_o true_a caput_n mortuum_n of_o the_o water_n german_n spa_n water_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o yellowish_a ochre_n n._n b._n the_o water_n so_o try_v must_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o matter_n in_o most_o water_n 5._o what_o microscope_n can_v discover_v in_o mineral_n water_n n._n b._n those_o move_a corpuscle_n discernible_a in_o a_o solution_n of_o pepper_n etc._n etc._n in_o water_n be_v animalcula_fw-la and_o not_o portion_n of_o inanimate_a matter_n which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o such_o liquor_n which_o be_v apparent_a if_o those_o little_a animal_n be_v touch_v with_o spirit_n of_o salt_n for_o be_v kill_v by_o it_o they_o move_v much_o more_o slow_o 6._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o variety_n of_o colour_n in_o several_a mineral_n water_n 7._o of_o their_o different_a odour_n these_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v at_o the_o spring-head_n where_o not_o only_o a_o bituminous_a and_o sulphurous_a smell_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o mineral_n spring_n in_o france_n which_o have_v a_o manifest_a vinous_a odour_n 8._o concern_v the_o different_a taste_n of_o mineral_n water_n 9_o whether_o take_v it_o up_o or_o keep_v it_o stop_v or_o unstopped_a or_o whether_o freeze_a or_o thaw_v it_o will_v alter_v the_o colour_n smell_v or_o transparency_n of_o it_o for_o though_o some_o water_n retain_v their_o purgative_n virtue_n a_o good_a while_n yet_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o exhalation_n of_o some_o fugitive_a part_n from_o those_o which_o be_v light_a than_o water_n and_o abound_v with_o spirituous_a part_n so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v carry_v but_o a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o fountain_n they_o present_o lose_v their_o power_n of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n into_o a_o purple_a and_o instead_o of_o that_o turn_v it_o red_a and_o even_o the_o strong_a water_n if_o keep_v unstop_v or_o not_o keep_v close_o present_o lose_v that_o property_n 10._o concern_v the_o different_a consistency_n of_o such_o water_n 11._o whether_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o expansion_n and_o condensation_n or_o heat_v and_o coldness_n than_o common_a water_n 12._o whether_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o putrify_v and_o how_o soon_o and_o what_o phaenomena_n they_o afford_v 13._o what_o alteration_n in_o colour_n ensue_v the_o mixture_n of_o astringent_a juice_n with_o they_o as_o also_o their_o mixture_n with_o several_a juice_n of_o the_o body_n n._n b._n in_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n without_o consider_v the_o alteration_n which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o trial_n by_o a_o uncertain_a proportion_n of_o gall_n wherefore_o i_o usual_o make_v use_v of_o a_o settle_a proportion_n as_o 5_o grain_n to_o a_o ounce_n though_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v try_v with_o much_o more_o expedition_n and_o certainty_n by_o make_v use_n of_o the_o powder_n itself_o suspend_v about_o three_o grain_n of_o powder_n in_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o water_n and_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n as_o a_o grain_n have_v give_v german_a spaw-water_n a_o deep_a purple_a colour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a to_o make_v use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n since_o rose_n leave_v or_o the_o flower_n and_o bark_n of_o pomegranate_n will_v have_v much_o the_o same_o effect_n afford_v a_o cloudy_a and_o blackish_a tincture_n and_o it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o make_v it_o one_o part_n of_o this_o quaere_fw-la what_o colour_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o mineral_n water_n with_o animal_n juice_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n sometime_o blackish_a upon_o the_o take_n of_o large_a dose_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v concern_v the_o try_v of_o mineral_n water_n by_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n i_o not_o only_o doubt_v whether_o all_o martial_a water_n will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o whether_o all_o liquor_n which_o will_v be_v to_o be_v esteem_v martial_a for_o i_o have_v find_v that_o a_o mineral_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o steel_n will_v give_v it_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o that_o a_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o preparation_n of_o steel_n will_v not_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o such_o a_o tincture_n be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o some_o acid_n fume_n which_o have_v work_v on_o the_o mars_n with_o which_o those_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o i_o have_v find_v that_o if_o a_o vitriolate_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o copper_n instead_o of_o iron_n instead_o of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a it_o only_o will_v render_v it_o muddy_a and_o thick_a and_o i_o have_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a earth_n which_o i_o find_v by_o trial_n to_o be_v lead_n that_o will_v turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n blackish_a though_o it_o be_v altoger_n void_a of_o martial_a part_n and_o probable_o will_v have_v very_o bad_a effect_n if_o take_v inward_o to_o which_o i_o may_v further_o add_v that_o a_o tincture_n of_o gold_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la likewise_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_n and_o those_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v the_o willing_a to_o lay_v down_o because_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v by_o they_o to_o slight_v the_o use_n of_o gall_n in_o such_o trial_n yet_o i_o will_v thence_o urge_v they_o to_o make_v such_o trial_n to_o be_v more_o wary_o make_v water_n observation_n requisite_a in_o try_v mineral_n water_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o some_o use_v to_o observe_v the_o different_a colour_n exhibit_v by_o such_o trial_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a consideration_n as_o requisite_a to_o be_v think_v on_o by_o he_o who_o design_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n 1._o that_o he_o ought_v to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o colour_n make_v by_o such_o tincture_n in_o a_o good_a light_n which_o may_v help_v a_o curious_a observer_n to_o distinguish_v what_o mineral_n such_o tincture_n be_v impregnate_v with_o 2._o it_o way_n be_v of_o use_v to_o vary_v the_o shade_n of_o colour_n produce_v by_o mineral_n water_n either_o by_o drop_v such_o water_n upon_o paper_n who_o pore_n be_v saturate_v with_o vitriol_n powder_v or_o tinge_v with_o a_o decoction_n of_o log-wood_n several_a variation_n in_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o drop_v other_o medicinal_a liquor_n either_o into_o the_o mineral_n water_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o gall_n before_o mixture_n or_o after_o 3._o i_o will_v recommend_v for_o such_o trial_n not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o astringent_a plant_n but_o also_o animal_n and_o especial_o mineral_n substance_n for_o beside_o the_o astringent_n i_o have_v contrive_v a_o certain_a substance_n which_o will_v not_o only_o turn_v a_o vitriol_n water_n impregnate_v with_o iron_n
black_a but_o also_o one_o saturate_v with_o copper_n a_o succedaneum_n to_o which_o may_v be_v make_v by_o add_v to_o sulphur_n as_o it_o melt_v over_o the_o fire_n and_o equal_a proportion_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n fine_o powder_v stir_v they_o till_o they_o incorporate_v and_o become_v red_a which_o mixture_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n retort_n with_o half_a its_o weight_n of_o salarmoniack_a dissolve_v in_o water_n let_v it_o be_v distil_v in_o sand_n shift_v the_o receiver_n as_o the_o liquor_n draw_v off_o be_v tinge_v more_o or_o less_o so_o that_o the_o strong_a may_v be_v preserve_v by_o itself_o and_o such_o trial_n as_o these_o will_v be_v of_o more_o use_n than_o those_o usual_o make_v with_o a_o bare_a tincture_n of_o gall_n since_o there_o be_v several_a mineral_n substance_n and_o other_o body_n which_o mineral_n water_n may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o which_o discover_v not_o themselves_o in_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n as_o sulphur_n or_o copper_n may_v be_v so_o lock_v up_o in_o these_o water_n as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v till_o the_o body_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v open_v by_o some_o proper_a additament_n and_o even_o arsenic_n itself_o may_v be_v so_o disguise_v as_o not_o to_o be_v perceive_v when_o mix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o if_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v drop_v into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o it_o present_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n be_v add_v to_o it_o they_o whether_o mineral_n water_n have_v arsenic_n dissolve_v in_o they_o but_o to_o discover_v whether_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o arsenic_n or_o not_o i_o put_v dantzick_n or_o english_a vitriol_n into_o a_o solution_n of_o it_o either_o of_o which_o cause_v a_o dark_a precipitate_v gradual_o to_o subside_o 14._o whether_o spirituous_a acid_n volatile_a alkalys_n or_o lixivial_a salt_n will_v precipitate_v such_o water_n 15._o the_o manner_n of_o extract_a salt_n from_o such_o water_n and_o what_o quantity_n may_v be_v extract_v guess_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v the_o saltness_n of_o these_o water_n by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v lather_n with_o soap_n and_o if_o not_o what_o quantity_n of_o curdle_a matter_n they_o will_v yield_v i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o the_o light_a water_n will_v yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n 16._o how_o to_o discover_v what_o acidity_n be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o evaporation_n have_v take_v a_o peculiar_a method_n to_o try_v the_o acidity_n of_o mineral_n water_n by_o mix_v they_o with_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la in_o simple_a water_n i_o find_v that_o though_o german_a spa_n yield_v a_o small_a quantity_n yet_o in_o that_o of_o action_n there_o be_v none_o discernible_a 17._o what_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o distillation_n in_o balnco_n 18._o what_o and_o whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n be_v afford_v by_o evaporation_n and_o distillation_n 19_o whether_o mineral_n water_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o quality_n and_o texture_n by_o a_o reunion_n of_o their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n when_o distil_v to_o such_o a_o consistence_n in_o glass-vessel_n exact_o lute_v which_o they_o have_v before_o 20._o what_o change_n if_o any_o mineral_n water_n undergo_v by_o be_v boil_v in_o water_n in_o a_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v from_o whence_o may_v be_v learn_v whether_o a_o change_n of_o quality_n will_v succeed_v a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n without_o a_o manifest_a loss_n of_o part_n and_o whether_o a_o agitation_n of_o part_n without_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n will_v precipitate_v any_o thing_n or_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o power_n to_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n purple_a 21._o how_o much_o the_o mineral_n water_n exceed_v their_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n in_o proportien_n 22._o what_o part_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o whether_o dissoluble_a in_o water_n 23._o how_o much_o the_o saline_n and_o terrestrial_a part_n differ_v in_o proportion_n 24._o whether_o in_o strong_a fire_n the_o salt_n be_v volatile_a or_o fix_a and_o to_o what_o degree_n 25._o whether_o the_o salt_n will_v crystallize_v per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o with_o other_o salt_n and_o what_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o genuine_a or_o compound_v crystal_n 26._o whether_o acid_n or_o alkaline_n quality_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o acidity_n will_v either_o appear_v to_o the_o taste_n or_o smell_v or_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n red_a as_o also_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o acid_n lose_v its_o blue_a colour_n their_o acidity_n may_v likewise_o be_v discover_v by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v be_v precipitate_v by_o alkalys_n or_o ferment_n with_o they_o and_o if_o alkaly_n be_v predominant_a it_o on_o the_o contrary_n discover_v itself_o by_o a_o lixivial_a taste_n and_o smell_v and_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a or_o precipitate_v a_o solution_n of_o sublimate_n or_o ferment_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o last_o by_o increase_v the_o colour_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n in_o common-water_n and_o though_o we_o have_v no_o such_o spring_n here_o in_o england_n as_o afford_v alkaline_a salt_n yet_o without_o question_n in_o egypt_n such_o may_v be_v find_v since_o their_o latron_n or_o the_o egyptian_a nitre_n abound_v with_o a_o salt_n of_o a_o alkaline_a nature_n and_o i_o have_v obtain_v such_o a_o alkaly_n from_o that_o famous_a water_n of_o bourbon_n in_o france_n which_o will_v turn_v syrup_n of_o violet_n green_a and_o ferment_n with_o volatile_a acid_n if_o such_o water_n abound_v with_o vitriol_n they_o will_v turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n black_a and_o vomit_v those_o that_o drink_v they_o and_o if_o a_o alkaly_n be_v add_v will_v yield_v a_o yellow_a precipitate_v upon_o drop_v of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n into_o they_o i_o have_v not_o find_v any_o of_o the_o water_n about_o london_n to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o france_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v impregnate_v with_o vitriol_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vitriolate_a spring_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o salt_n which_o most_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o glass_n but_o be_v either_o svi_fw-la generis_fw-la and_o a_o peculiar_a one_o or_o a_o compound_v salt_n make_v up_o of_o such_o as_o the_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o in_o its_o passage_n through_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o purgative_n salt_n may_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n be_v make_v of_o salt_n not_o at_o all_o purgative_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a empiric_n that_o a_o salt_n which_o i_o make_v of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o common_a sulphur_n mix_v together_o have_v a_o gentle_a purge_v virtue_n 27._o in_o what_o menstruum_n the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v be_v dissolve_v and_o in_o what_o it_o may_v not_o whether_o volatile_a or_o fix_v and_o what_o quality_n it_o have_v in_o respect_n of_o colour_n or_o smell_n afford_v what_o proportion_n of_o salt_n mineral_n water_n afford_v it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v what_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o caput_n mortuum_n some_o mineral_n water_n yield_v in_o comparison_n of_o other_o since_o those_o water_n which_o be_v pure_o diuretic_n have_v very_o little_a if_o compare_v with_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o purge_v water_n for_o though_o a_o pound_n of_o barnet_n water_n yield_v a_o drachm_n yet_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o tunbridge_n afford_v but_o a_o grain_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n of_o a_o mineral_n shall_v impregnate_n so_o much_o water_n as_o i_o have_v by_o trial_n find_v a_o grain_n of_o iron_n stone_n do_v enable_v it_o to_o tincture_n a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n deep_a than_o tunbridge_n or_o german_a spa_n water_n will_v and_o i_o have_v try_v that_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o marchasite_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n communicate_v a_o tincture_n to_o 61440_o part_n of_o water_n though_o part_n of_o that_o marchasite_n be_v sulphur_n and_o part_n of_o it_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o so_o small_a a_o portion_n of_o a_o metalline_a substance_n will_v when_o gross_o dissolve_v impregnate_n so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o much_o more_o may_v it_o when_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o subtle_a mineral_n fume_v and_o as_o in_o such_o a_o form_n it_o may_v impregnate_n a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n so_o will_v it_o be_v
receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o though_o the_o viol_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v above_o five_o drachm_n of_o water_n if_o fill_v and_o distend_v the_o empty_a bladder_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o drachm_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o it_o do_v before_o expansion_n but_o to_o measure_v the_o air_n be_v expansion_n more_o nice_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o one_o end_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o diameter_n of_o who_o boar_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v past_v a_o piece_n of_o parchment_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n and_o mark_v with_o black_a line_n we_o fill_v the_o cylinder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o after_o a_o few_o trial_n by_o invert_v the_o cylinder_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o one_o finger_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o as_o much_o air_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o bubble_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o extension_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o of_o those_o twenty_o six_o division_n when_o this_o be_v do_v we_o fit_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n all_o which_o be_v put_v together_o into_o a_o pneumatical_a receiver_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o much_o expanded_a as_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n take_v up_o thirty_o one_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o cylinder_n which_o afford_v a_o large_a space_n for_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n it_o take_v up_o above_o sixty_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o and_o repeat_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o a_o glass_n pipe_n thirty_o inch_n long_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n to_o stand_v out_o through_o by_o weigh_v the_o water_n in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n together_o with_o the_o pipe_n first_o with_o the_o bubble_n of_o air_n include_v and_o after_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v whole_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n which_o possess_v but_o the_o space_n of_o one_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v be_v expanded_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n so_o much_o by_o its_o own_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o to_o take_v up_o 152_o time_n its_o space_n before_o extension_n and_o since_o marcennus_n affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o expanded_a by_o heat_n as_o to_o take_v up_o seventy_o time_n its_o space_n i_o convey_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o it_o be_v very_o convex_v and_o seem_v several_a time_n to_o knock_v upon_o and_o rebound_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o water_n it_o depress_v upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o viol._n experiment_n vii_o what_o figure_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v get_v a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n we_o moderate_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o join_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n to_o prevent_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n and_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o paper_n yet_o upon_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o give_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n liberty_n to_o expand_v the_o bubble_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n without_o be_v break_v experiment_n viii_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v we_o take_v a_o glass_n alembick_a which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o three_o pint_n represent_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n the_o rostrum_n e_o be_v hermetical_o close_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rostrum_n be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o stop-cock_n of_o a_o ordinary_a size_n be_v cement_v the_o other_o be_v fix_v with_o cement_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o alembick_a be_v cover_v close_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o glass_n present_o crack_v which_o crack_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o this_o flaw_n extend_v itself_o further_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o exhaust_v yet_o this_o glass_n vessel_n be_v near_o twenty_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o bubble_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o former_a glass_n enable_v it_o so_o much_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o suspend_v one_o of_o the_o bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o so_o strong_o resist_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o as_o to_o continue_v whole_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n ix_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-mi proceed_v not_o from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o
last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o
that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n be_v bring_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n and_o continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n before_o it_o settle_v at_o 10_o inch_n high_a second_o if_o instead_o of_o draw_v any_o out_o air_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n it_o will_v raise_v the_o mercury_n high_a than_o it_o be_v former_a station_n three_o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v as_o to_o make_v the_o mercury_n subside_o to_o a_o level_n experiment_n xxii_o in_o tubes_n open_a at_o both_o end_n when_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n can_v be_v pretend_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n will_v impel_v quicksilver_n no_o high_o in_o slender_a than_o in_o large_a pipe_n pipe_n the_o suspension_n of_o quicksilver_n equal_a in_o small_a and_o wide_a pipe_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v buoy_v up_o mercury_n equal_a in_o large_a as_o in_o small_a tube_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n have_v put_v as_o much_o mercury_n into_o a_o glass_n tube_n about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o as_o reach_v 3_o or_o 4_o finger_n the_o one_o end_v be_v seal_v hermetical_o we_o hang_v two_o tube_n by_o string_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o they_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o be_v do_v we_o pour_v water_n upon_o the_o mercury_n and_o observe_v the_o mercury_n to_o be_v equal_o raise_v in_o the_o great_a pipe_n as_o in_o the_o little_a one_o and_o the_o water_n be_v suck_v out_o it_o proportionable_o subside_v in_o each_o the_o ii_o trial_n have_v pour_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o tube_n of_o glass_n near_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o fill_v two_o pipe_n of_o mercury_n of_o a_o unequal_a boar_n the_o one_o end_v of_o each_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v we_o immerse_v they_o in_o the_o large_a tube_n contrive_v to_o open_v the_o low_a orifice_n when_o below_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o not_o only_a both_o of_o they_o subside_v to_o a_o equal_a station_n but_o water_n be_v pour_v upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o buoy_v they_o up_o both_o alike_o in_o the_o tube_n and_o the_o water_n be_v successive_o suck_v out_o and_o put_v in_o again_o the_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n proportionable_o fall_v and_o rise_v equal_o in_o both_o no_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o wideness_n of_o their_o diameter_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n experiment_n xxiii_o at_o what_o height_n mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n as_o well_o as_o pure_a mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v have_v fill_v a_o glass_n tube_n with_o mercury_n amalgamate_v with_o tin_n and_o invert_v it_o it_o do_v not_o fall_v below_o 31_o inch_n in_o try_v this_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o if_o the_o amalgama_n be_v too_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o stick_v to_o the_o tube_n and_o will_v likewise_o hinder_v several_a aerial_a corpuscle_n from_o fly_v away_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_v so_o do_v its_o ascent_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la three_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o to_o consider_v whether_o these_o two_o metal_n penetrate_v each_o other_o dimension_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v copper_n and_o tin_n to_o do_v and_o by_o form_v a_o new_a metalline_a substance_n to_o render_v the_o composition_n heavy_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o two_o single_a ingredient_n experiment_n xxiv_o a_o method_n of_o make_v barometer_n which_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o distant_a country_n to_o make_v a_o portable_a barometer_n we_o take_v a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o or_o 5_o foot_n long_o and_o have_v bend_v one_o end_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o short_a leg_n about_o a_o four_o part_n as_o long_o as_o the_o other_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n we_o inject_v mercury_n into_o the_o short_a leg_n by_o a_o tunnel_n till_o it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n in_o both_o leg_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v stop_v with_o the_o finger_n we_o incline_v the_o long_a leg_n and_o so_o by_o successive_o fill_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o incline_v it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v into_o the_o long_a we_o fill_v the_o long_a leg_n quite_o full_a of_o mercury_n and_o by_o incline_v it_o several_a time_n afterward_o and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n which_o usual_o lie_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o seal_a head_n to_o run_v through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n backward_o and_o forward_o we_o free_v it_o from_o those_o bubble_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o its_o pore_n but_o beside_o this_o way_n of_o fill_v the_o pipe_n we_o have_v with_o less_o trouble_n do_v it_o by_o make_v use_n of_o a_o tunnel_n which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o little_a incline_v reach_v a_o little_a above_o the_o flexure_n of_o the_o syphon_n will_v fill_v the_o tube_n without_o much_o trouble_n and_o the_o pipe_n thus_o fill_v with_o mercury_n may_v by_o often_o erect_v of_o it_o and_o shake_v the_o pipe_n so_o erect_v be_v free_v from_o those_o airy_a particle_n which_o common_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n 2._o see_v the_o whole_a barometer_n plat._n 7._o fig._n ig_a 2._o the_o barometer_n be_v thus_o order_v we_o contrive_v a_o frame_n to_o carry_v it_o in_o which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n in_o which_o a_o gutter_n be_v cut_v for_o the_o pipe_n to_o lie_v in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o frame_n be_v likewise_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o contain_v the_o short_a leg_n of_o this_o tube_n the_o pipe_n be_v lodge_v in_o this_o gutter_n we_o fix_v a_o cover_n to_o one_o side_n of_o the_o frame_n with_o little_a highe_n the_o other_o when_o occasion_n require_v be_v fasten_v with_o hasp_v and_o because_o the_o motion_n the_o mercury_n will_v be_v put_v into_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o break_v the_o pipe_n be_v there_o too_o much_o liberty_n give_v it_o to_o move_v in_o or_o be_v there_o any_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o gutter_n it_o be_v lodge_v in_o we_o take_v care_n to_o lay_v cotton_n both_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o concave_a of_o the_o frame_n and_o betwixt_o the_o cover_n and_o it_o and_o that_o the_o empty_a space_n which_o be_v usual_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a we_o take_v care_n to_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o to_o fill_v the_o remain_a space_n unpossessed_a with_o mercury_n either_o with_o a_o addition_n of_o mercury_n or_o with_o water_n seal_v up_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o short_a tube_n hermetical_o till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v use_v again_o and_o then_o the_o superflous_a mercury_n may_v be_v take_v away_o by_o immerse_v a_o small_a pipe_n in_o it_o which_o if_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n will_v take_v away_o so_o much_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o immersed_a tube_n have_v receive_v into_o it_o but_o if_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o mercury_n it_o may_v be_v lick_v up_o with_o a_o sponge_n and_o if_o by_o shake_v of_o this_o barometer_n in_o long_a journey_n any_o particle_n shall_v get_v out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n into_o the_o large_a by_o successive_o invert_v the_o tube_n and_o permit_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v backward_o and_o forward_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n may_v easy_o be_v free_v from_o bubble_n of_o what_o use_v this_o barometer_n may_v be_v in_o discover_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n in_o long_a journey_n both_o at_o sea_n and_o at_o land_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o other_o to_o consider_v only_o i_o shall_v annex_v this_o advertisement_n that_o sometime_o after_o i_o make_v this_o barometer_n have_v carry_v it_o about_o 33_o mile_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o do_v not_o rise_v by_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n as_o high_a as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n i_o can_v yet_o determine_v experiment_n xxv_o what_o height_n the_o mercury_n in_o barometer_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n some_o observation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n especial_o the_o picinino_n of_o teneriff_n have_v observe_v the_o height_n at_o which_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o a_o barometer_n make_v the_o ordinary_a way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o height_n it_o be_v suspend_v at_o at_o the_o top_n
of_o the_o hill_n be_v ¼_n part_v of_o a_o inch_n below_o the_o mark_v it_o reach_v at_o the_o latter_a and_o as_o the_o barometer_n be_v bring_v low_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n rise_v high_a and_o high_o but_o if_o such_o observation_n can_v be_v make_v at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n the_o experiment_n will_v afford_v further_a proof_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n a_o appendix_n about_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n mountain_n the_o height_n of_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o some_o ingenious_a man_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o stupendous_a and_o other_o confine_v it_o to_o narrow_a dimension_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v some_o observation_n which_o may_v confirm_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v it_o and_o though_o as_o ricciolus_n take_v notice_n the_o jesuit_n rector_n melensius_n say_v that_o of_o all_o the_o cloud_n who_o height_n he_o measure_v they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 5000_o pace_n yet_o if_o we_o allow_v meteor_n and_o comet_n to_o arise_v from_o terrene_a exhalation_n and_o that_o the_o height_n of_o cloud_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o height_n of_o most_o of_o they_o exceed_v what_o carden_n and_o kepler_n allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o relate_v concern_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o information_n and_o first_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n sydenham_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 60_o league_n off_o and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v discover_v it_o at_o 40_o league_n distance_n like_o a_o blue_a pyramid_n above_o the_o cloud_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o island_n of_o madera_n may_v be_v see_v from_o it_o though_o 70_o league_n distant_a and_o that_o the_o great_a canary_n seem_v so_o near_o it_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o possible_a to_o leap_v down_o upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o ricâ—iolus_n observe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v 4_o degree_n distance_n and_o snellius_n also_o allow_v the_o height_n of_o it_o to_o be_v ten_o mile_n though_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o way_n he_o take_v to_o calculate_v the_o height_n of_o it_o may_v be_v none_o of_o the_o true_a he_o likewise_o by_o refraction_n judge_v the_o mountain_n caucasus_n to_o be_v 51_o bolonian_a mile_n high_a which_o be_v not_o believe_v probable_a since_o the_o mountain_n teneriff_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o one_o who_o take_v its_o height_n in_o a_o ship_n at_o sea_n not_o to_o be_v above_o 7_o mile_n high_a in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n though_o if_o what_o aristotle_n and_o other_o report_n of_o mount_n caucasus_n be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v other_o much_o high_a than_o those_o for_o though_o if_o measure_v from_o the_o foot_n or_o level_v of_o that_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o stand_v on_o they_o may_v be_v low_a yet_o consider_v that_o the_o ground_n they_o stand_v on_o may_v be_v much_o more_o protuberant_a from_o the_o level_n superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n they_o may_v be_v much_o high_a upon_o that_o account_n experiment_n xxvi_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n though_o the_o air_n press_v upon_o it_o at_o a_o very_a small_a orifice_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n that_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o a_o close_a room_n as_o in_o the_o open_a atmosphere_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o external_n even_o at_o small_a cranny_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n as_o if_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n just_a before_o mention_v for_o a_o portable_a barometer_n be_v so_o draw_v out_o at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n that_o the_o orifice_n be_v but_o about_o a_o ten_o part_n as_o big_a as_o before_o the_o mercury_n will_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n and_o the_o like_a will_v succeed_v if_o instead_o of_o draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n out_o so_o a_o cork_n be_v put_v into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n leave_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o orifice_n open_a to_o the_o outward_a air._n experiment_n xxvii_o a_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o mercury_n at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellain_n experiment_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n may_v do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o the_o short_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n 3d._n see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o 3d._n be_v bend_v as_o represent_v by_o fig._n 3d._a plate_n the_o viith_z the_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v as_o strong_a effect_n if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n through_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v only_o admit_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o it_o receive_v downward_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o be_v so_o bend_v four_o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n the_o four_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v as_o represent_v fig._n iv_o plate_n the_o vii_o the_o mercury_n be_v sustain_v at_o its_o usual_a height_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n n._n b._n if_o the_o tube_n thus_o hermetical_o seal_v be_v shake_v the_o mercury_n will_v form_v some_o vibration_n upon_o the_o include_v air_n the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v compress_v and_o expanded_a again_o successive_o for_o a_o while_n but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o trial_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o pipe_n convenient_o shape_v before_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o stop_v the_o orifice_n with_o a_o cork_n and_o close_a cement_n which_o may_v be_v pierce_v with_o a_o wire_n when_o this_o be_v use_v as_o a_o baroscope_n which_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n experiment_n xxviii_o time_n a_o baroscope_n of_o use_n but_o at_o some_o time_n to_o show_v that_o the_o suspension_n of_o mercury_n in_o a_o glass_n tube_n less_o than_o 30_o inch_n long_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la i_o cause_v one_o to_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v leave_v upon_o it_o and_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v much_o light_a i_o find_v that_o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o air_n in_o the_o water_n which_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n be_v so_o far_o compress_v before_o as_o not_o to_o appear_v experiment_n xxix_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o very_o slender_a pipe_n in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v tinge_v spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v which_o bubble_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n for_o some_o time_n several_a slender_a pipe_n be_v put_v into_o it_o it_o rise_v high_a in_o those_o who_o boar_n be_v narrow_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o subsided_a to_o a_o level_n but_o two_o pipe_n of_o different_a boar_n be_v let_v down_o into_o that_o liquor_n a_o second_o time_n though_o it_o answer_v the_o former_a trial_n in_o the_o ascent_n yet_o the_o surface_n in_o the_o slendere_a pipe_n remain_v something_o above_o the_o other_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o but_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o though_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o vessel_n in_o this_o trial_n emit_v no_o bubble_n yet_o that_o in_o the_o end_v of_o the_o tube_n do_v which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o experiment_n xxx_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n be_v take_v off_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n though_o the_o hole_n at_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v succeed_v be_v stop_v for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a trial_n the_o i._o trial_n we_o take_v a_o syringe_n of_o brass_n see_v plate_n 8_o fig._n one_a who_o barrel_n be_v about_o six_o inch_n long_o one_a see_v plate_n the_o 8_o fig._n one_a and_o its_o
of_o the_o mercury_n be_v small_a oct._n 13_o it_o be_v ½_n a_o inch._n oct._n 17_o it_o be_v 1_o inch._n oct._n 18_o it_o be_v 1_o ½_n oct._n 19_o near_o 4_o inch_n oct._n 20_o the_o same_o but_o their_o surface_n seem_v mouldy_a oct._n 21_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n oct._n 22_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 23_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a oct._n 24_o the_o same_o the_o surface_n seem_v more_o mouldy_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 27_o it_o be_v 6_o inch_n high_a octob._n 28_o it_o be_v 6_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 2_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a no._n 6_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a no._n 8_o it_o be_v 10_o inch_n high_a no._n 9_o it_o be_v 13_o inch_n high_a no._n 12_o it_o be_v 15_o inch_n high_a no._n 14_o it_o be_v 17_o inch_n high_a no._n 18_o it_o be_v 23_o inch_n high_a no._n 21_o it_o be_v 26_o inch_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 36_o ½_n inch_n high_a dec._n 12_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 39_o inch_n high_a jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 36_o inch_n high_a the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o octob._n 10._o 677._o wine_n grape_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o another_o receiver_n into_o which_o be_v put_v 2_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n along_o with_o the_o grape_n oct._n 11_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 12_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 13_o the_o mercury_n unaltered_a oct._n 17_o the_o ascent_n be_v small_a oct._n 18_o not_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n oct._n 19_o it_o rise_v but_o little_a jan._n 6._o the_o grape_n all_o this_o time_n afford_v no_o air_n so_o that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n hinder_v their_o fermentation_n experiment_n ix_o have_v convey_v a_o peach_n into_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o so_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v just_o able_a to_o afford_v vapour_n to_o rise_v about_o it_o march_n 28._o 78._o it_o have_v the_o same_o colour_n but_o be_v the_o less_o firm_a it_o have_v almost_o whole_o contract_v the_o taste_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n but_o yield_v not_o air._n experiment_n x._o wine_n air_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n i_o convey_v 5_o peach_n into_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v vapour_n about_o they_o octob._n 18_o the_o mercury_n ascend_v not_o octob._n 20_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n inches_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n inches_n high_a octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 9_o inch_n high_a octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n inches_n high_a nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o inch_n high_a nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 14_o digit_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 16_o digit_n nou._n 14_o the_o same_o nou._n 16_o the_o same_o dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 18._o dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 19_o ½_n dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n jan._n 6_o it_o be_v 23._o march_n 8_o it_o be_v 31_o ½_n air_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 17._o five_o peach_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o common_a receiver_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n octob._n 18_o it_o ascend_v not_o octob._n the_o 20_o the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o digit_n octob._n 21_o it_o be_v 8_o octob._n 22_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 23_o it_o be_v 10_o octob._n 26_o it_o be_v 12_o nou._n 2_o it_o be_v 15_o nou._n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o ½_n nou._n 12_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 14_o it_o be_v 20_o digit_n high_a nou._n 16_o it_o be_v 21_o digit_n high_a dec._n 8_o it_o be_v 26_o digit_n high_a dec._n 16_o it_o be_v 26_o ½_n digit_n high_a dec._n 27_o it_o be_v 28_o ½_n digit_n high_a jan._n 6._o 78_o it_o be_v 32_o inch_n high_a march_n 28_o it_o be_v 33_o ½_n april_n 15._o liquor_n break_v out_o and_o the_o air_n after_o it_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o vapour_n do_v not_o hinder_v fermentation_n so_o much_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o experiment_n xi_o leaven_n paste_n with_o leaven_n have_v close_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o leaven_a dough_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o so_o much_o air_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n april_n 28._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v 2_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a april_n 3_o it_o be_v 3_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_a may_v 4._o the_o mercury_n subside_v and_o the_o paste_n be_v mouldy_a it_o be_v raise_v 2_o ½_n high_a may_v 6_o it_o be_v 2_o ¾_n may_v 8_o it_o be_v 3_o may_n 10_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 4_o may_n 17_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 5_o may_n 24_o it_o be_v 6_o may_n 28_o it_o be_v 8_o june_n 2_o it_o be_v 9_o june_n 6_o it_o be_v 10_o june_n 41_o it_o be_v 11_o ½_n july_n 5_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n july_n 19_o it_o be_v 15_o paste_n without_o leaven_n april_n 27._o 78._o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n without_o leaven_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 23_o ounce_n ½_n of_o water_n leaven_n without_o leaven_n april_n 29._o in_o the_o afternoon_n it_o ascend_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n april_n 30._o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n may_v 4._o it_o ascend_v slow_o and_o the_o paste_n turn_v mouldy_a may_v 6._o it_o be_v about_o 4_o inch_n high_a may_v 8_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n may_v 10_o it_o be_v 7_o ½_n may_v 14_o it_o be_v 10_o ½_n may_v 17_o it_o be_v 12_o ½_n may_v 20_o it_o be_v 13_o ½_n may_v 24_o it_o be_v 16_o ½_n may_v 28_o it_o be_v 18_o ½_n june_n 2_o it_o be_v 20_o ½_n june_n 6_o it_o be_v 21_o ½_n june_n 14_o it_o be_v 25_o ½_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o leaven_n hinder_v fermentation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o air._n experiment_n xii_o may_v 23._o wine_n paste_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n on_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v pour_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n may_n 24_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v 1_o inch._n may_v 26_o it_o be_v near_o 2._o may_v 27_o it_o be_v near_o 2_o ½_n may_v 31_o no_o alteration_n june_n 1_o it_o be_v 3_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 4_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a july_n 19_o no_o variation_n decemb._n 14._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n smell_v subacid_a paste_n without_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 23._o it_o without_o it_o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a of_o paste_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 25_o ounce_n of_o water_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n may_v 24._o the_o mercury_n do_v not_o ascend_v may_v 26_o it_o be_v 3_o digit_n high_a may_v 27_o it_o be_v 4_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 28_o it_o be_v 5_o ½_n digit_n high_a may_v 29_o it_o be_v 7_o digit_n high_a may_v 31_o it_o be_v 9_o ½_n digit_n high_a june_n 2_o it_o be_v 12_o digit_n high_a june_n 6_o it_o be_v 17_o digit_n high_a june_n 10_o it_o be_v 22_o digit_n high_a july_n 4_o it_o be_v 30_o digit_n high_a july_n 19_o it_o be_v about_o the_o height_n of_o 30_o digit_n the_o air_n break_v out_o decemb._n 14._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 15_o digit_n again_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o paste_n be_v very_o acid_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n prejudices_fw-la the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o it_o likewise_o hence_o be_v evident_a that_o paste_n which_o be_v make_v without_o ferment_n will_v in_o time_n yield_v as_o much_o air_n as_o that_o prepare_v with_o it_o experiment_n xiii_o octob._n 11._o receiver_n new_a ale_n enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n new_a ale_n be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a cavity_n be_v take_v up_o with_o it_o and_o another_o receiver_n be_v likewise_o fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n except_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o cavity_n which_o contain_v air._n octob._n 12._o in_o the_o receiver_n exact_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a the_o other_o have_v its_o cover_n burst_v and_o the_o ale_n be_v convey_v into_o another_o large_a enough_o for_o the_o purpose_n octob._n 13._o in_o that_o whole_o fill_v the_o mercury_n be_v 12_o digit_n high_a in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v raise_v 13_o digit_n octob._n 14._o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 13_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o 18._o in_o the_o evening_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a receiver_n be_v 22_o inch_n and_o in_o the_o other_o 20._o octob._n 15._o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o full_a
whole_o free_v from_o air_n there_o be_v neither_o any_o ebullition_n nor_o a_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n yet_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n move_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o open_a air._n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o oil_n depend_v not_o in_o a_o dissolution_n in_o vacuo_fw-la since_o all_o dissolution_n be_v company_v with_o a_o production_n of_o bubble_n experiment_n viii_o may_v 19_o 76._o claret_n radish_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o claret_n have_v cut_v two_o radish_n transvers_o and_o suspend_v they_o all_o night_n in_o vacuo_fw-la over_o a_o vessel_n of_o claret_n the_o small_a end_n of_o one_o be_v downward_o and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o contrary_a posture_n all_o be_v free_v of_o their_o air_n the_o next_o day_n i_o free_v two_o other_o radish_n from_o their_o thick_a skin_n and_o cut_v they_o transvers_o suspend_v they_o over_o the_o wine_n as_o the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o immerse_v they_o all_o in_o the_o wine_n they_o emit_v bubble_n considerable_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v be_v long_a in_o the_o receiver_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v urge_v that_o bubble_n be_v form_v of_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o those_o radish_n yield_v most_o air_n who_o skin_n be_v not_o pull_v off_o be_v because_o those_o skin_n be_v full_a of_o canal_n and_o pore_n to_o contain_v air_n in_o for_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v equal_o in_o all_o the_o radish_n notwithstanding_o their_o posture_n experiment_n ix_o may._n 4._o water_n a_o small_a tube_n immerse_v in_o water_n a_o small_a glass_n tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a by_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o divide_v and_o intercept_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o several_a place_n beside_o several_a bubble_n of_o water_n pass_v out_o at_o that_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v immerse_v one_o end_v of_o this_o tube_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o it_o be_v open_a but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o water_n ascend_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o remarkable_a viz._n that_o the_o water_n suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n yield_v no_o bubble_n but_o only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n nor_o do_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n even_o at_o the_o bottom_n yield_v bubble_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o be_v before_o immerse_v in_o may._n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n a_o drop_n which_o run_v over_o the_o superior_a aperture_n of_o the_o receiver_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o be_v raise_v two_o line_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n no_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n till_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o then_o successive_o they_o rise_v one_o after_o another_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n i_o observe_v that_o thou_o whilst_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v several_a bubble_n appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o it_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n none_o be_v to_o be_v see_v may_v 6._o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o nephritick_n wood_n in_o which_o the_o success_n be_v alike_o except_o that_o in_o the_o infusion_n when_o the_o bubble_n be_v small_a they_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o thinness_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o viscocity_n may_v 10._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v different_a from_o the_o former_a but_o that_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v not_o so_o high_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o formation_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tube_n depend_v on_o aerial_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o impediment_n at_o their_o end_n be_v keep_v there_o till_o new_a one_o join_v with_o they_o form_n bubble_n experiment_n x._o july_n 18._o 76._o tube_n bean_n with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n bean_n such_o as_o horse_n eat_v be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n 2_o day_n ago_o to_o day_n seem_v unaltered_a but_o the_o stopple_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v pull_v back_o air_n and_o water_n break_v out_o which_o eruption_n be_v succeed_v by_o a_o bubble_a noise_n which_o continue_v above_o a_o hour_n july_n 25._o the_o iron_n tube_n be_v open_v a_o second_o time_n and_o a_o bubble_a noise_n succeed_v as_o before_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o bean_n contain_v air_n which_o can_v discharge_v itself_o in_o a_o compression_n till_o that_o compression_n be_v remove_v experiment_n xi_o march_n 4._o 77._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o file_n of_o copper_n in_o it_o in_o 15_o minute_n it_o be_v tinge_v with_o a_o diluted_a blue_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n in_o 3_o minute_n become_v vivid_v and_o thick_a april_n 4._o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n which_o it_o regain_v when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xii_o may_v 8._o wine_n oil_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n swim_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v great_a bubble_n rise_v from_o the_o spirit_n and_o small_a one_o from_o the_o oil_n but_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o oil_n afford_v bubble_n large_a enough_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o their_o ascent_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o they_o break_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o to_o strike_v against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n may_v 9_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o be_v long_a and_o narrow_a i_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o oil_n be_v not_o very_o large_a till_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o then_o they_o be_v sudden_o expanded_a experiment_n xiii_o may_v 3._o 76._o wine_n aq._n fort._n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o include_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n one_o of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o several_a considerable_a ebullition_n succeed_v the_o liquor_n when_o take_v out_o be_v black_a and_o turbid_v though_o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v not_o alter_v in_o colour_n but_o only_o a_o black_a powder_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n wherefore_o one_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o ebullition_n less_o violent_a than_o those_o in_o the_o vessel_n first_o include_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v take_v out_o be_v almost_o as_o black_a and_o turbid_v as_o that_o first_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v not_o much_o alter_v may_v 4._o the_o liquor_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n appear_v clear_a and_o green_a but_o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n bubble_v more_o than_o the_o day_n before_o and_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o all_o three_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o red_a liquor_n afford_v large_a bubble_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v ebullition_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n fourteen_o jan._n 21._o 78._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a with_o file_n of_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spir._n sal_fw-la armon_n with_o file_n of_o copper_n stop_v with_o a_o leather_n stopple_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o unfermented_a paste_n jan._n 22._o the_o air_n yield_v by_o the_o paste_n penetrate_v the_o leather_n which_o be_v impervious_a to_o common_a air_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o tincture_n it_o give_v the_o liquor_n jan._n 25._o the_o liquor_n have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o penetrate_v pore_n which_o common_a air_n can_v feb._n 2._o the_o glass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o admit_v air_n so_o
phaenomena_n afford_v by_o frog_n in_o a_o exhaust-receiver_n experiment_n i._n sept._n 9_o 1662._o a_o large_a frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la vacuo_fw-la frog_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v but_o little_o swell_v and_o move_v her_o throat_n almost_o as_o fast_o as_o before_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v her_o body_n swell_v more_o and_o she_o continue_v alive_a about_o 2_o hour_n in_o a_o little_a more_o than_o 3_o hour_n she_o seem_v dead_a but_o be_v leave_v all_o night_n upon_o the_o grass_n she_o recover_v again_o experiment_n ii_o a_o frog_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n almost_o total_o exhaust_v about_o 11_o a_o clock_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v unaltered_a but_o in_o six_o hour_n die_v experiment_n iii_o sept._n 6._o 62._o a_o slender_n and_o a_o large_a frog_n be_v both_o include_v in_o a_o receiver_n whilst_o it_o be_v exhaust_v the_o lesser_a skip_v up_o and_o down_o and_o some_o time_n after_o but_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n seem_v dead_a the_o large_a frog_n swell_v a_o little_a and_o continue_v alive_a half_a a_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n leak_a we_o pursue_v the_o experiment_n no_o further_o experiment_n iu._n a_o small_a frog_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n at_o the_o first_o seem_v lively_a but_o after_o move_v up_o and_o down_o as_o if_o very_a uneasy_a yet_o be_v alive_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o time_n she_o want_v respiration_n and_o her_o belly_n and_o throat_n be_v swell_v in_o 3_o ½_n hour_n time_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o the_o abdomen_fw-la and_o throat_n subside_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o swell_a there_o remain_v a_o cavity_n experiment_n v._n a_o large_a frog_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o plate_a receiver_n exhaust_v in_o seven_o hour_n be_v dead_a be_v much_o swell_v but_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n be_v lanker_n than_o ever_o title_n iv_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o a_o new_o kitten_v kitling_n in_o vacuo_fw-la vacuo_fw-la a_o kitling_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o new_o kitten_v kitling_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o minute_n after_o convulsion_n lay_v with_o the_o tongue_n out_o as_o if_o dead_a but_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o trice_n recover_v another_o kitling_n of_o the_o same_o age_n be_v include_v in_o the_o same_o receiver_n after_o it_o have_v be_v by_o turn_n convulsive_a six_o minute_n upon_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n seem_v dead_a and_o when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n lay_v with_o its_o tongue_n out_o without_o either_o pulse_n or_o respiration_n but_o be_v pinch_v it_o present_o give_v sign_n of_o life_n and_o in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n gape_v and_o strain_v to_o fetch_v breath_n it_o recover_v a_o three_o be_v put_v into_o the_o same_o receiver_n after_o violent_a convulsion_n and_o want_n of_o breath_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o half_n seem_v dead_a no_o more_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o than_o what_o be_v do_v at_o 3_o exsuction_n the_o pump_n be_v still_o ply_v and_o the_o kitling_n seem_v to_o swell_v some_o time_n after_o give_v sign_n of_o life_n be_v violent_o convulse_v after_o it_o have_v be_v enclose_v 7_o minute_n we_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o put_v aq._n vitæ_fw-la into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o kitling_n yet_o it_o die_v in_o our_o hand_n these_o animal_n continue_v perhaps_o 3_o time_n as_o long_o alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la as_o other_o will_v have_v do_v title_n v._o some_o trial_n about_o the_o air_n usual_o harbour_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n etc._n etc._n water_n air_n conceal_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n to_o try_v how_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o bulk_n we_o fill_v a_o chemical_a pipe_n 36_o inch_n long_o with_o water_n and_o invert_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n about_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n deep_a and_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n these_o be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o and_o upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o it_o the_o bubble_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n want_v 8_o 10_o of_o about_o 100_o part_n of_o a_o inch._n soon_o after_o a_o tube_n to_o be_v describe_v by_o and_o by_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o same_o water_n and_o invert_v and_o when_o the_o receiver_n into_o which_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n sink_v even_o with_o the_o stagnant_a water_n air_n be_v let_v in_o and_z rise_v the_o water_n within_o a_o ten_o part_n and_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o the_o top._n the_o tube_n be_v 43_o ¼_n inch_n above_o the_o stagnant_a water_n this_o experiment_n be_v twice_o try_v the_o first_o time_n the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o air_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o more_o the_o second_o it_o be_v ½_n and_o 1_o 15._o the_o first_o time_n the_o water_n subside_v level_a with_o the_o stagnant_a water_n in_o the_o second_o trial_n within_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n of_o it_o in_o these_o experiment_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o air_n possess_v so_o little_a room_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o water_n seem_v not_o to_o subside_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v out_o yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n possess_v a_o considerable_a space_n quare_fw-la whether_o water_n free_v once_o of_o its_o air_n will_v yield_v air_n again_o and_o whether_o there_o be_v not_o air_n enough_o in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o fish_n when_o suck_v through_o their_o gills_o to_o discover_v more_o nice_o what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o pipe_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o globous_a part_n 3_o ½_n inches_n diameter_n and_o a_o stem_n 9_o inch_n long_o a_o inch_n of_o which_o at_o the_o top_n be_v melt_v and_o draw_v out_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n till_o it_o be_v as_o slender_a as_o a_o crow_n quill_n this_o glass_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n be_v with_o a_o pedestal_n convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o upon_o evacuate_v of_o it_o bubble_n plentiful_o rise_v and_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o froth_n or_o foam_n but_o break_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o slender_a pipe_n they_o do_v not_o run_v over_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v we_o leave_v off_o pump_v till_o the_o water_n have_v be_v pretty_a well_o free_v from_o bubble_n and_o so_o we_o successive_o pump_v and_o leave_v off_o again_o till_o the_o water_n seem_v quite_o free_a from_o air_n and_o then_o let_v in_o external_n air_n the_o water_n do_v not_o seem_v a_o hair_n breadth_n low_a than_o before_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o claret_n which_o make_v we_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o kind_n of_o substance_n may_v be_v obtain_v from_o aerial_a and_o spirituous_a body_n by_o handle_v they_o thus_o title_n vi_o of_o some_o phaenomena_n afford_v by_o shell-fish_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la oyster_n in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o oyster_n in_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a bubble_n get_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n the_o oyster_n be_v alive_a at_o the_o end_n of_o 24_o hour_n experiment_n ii_o vacuo_fw-la a_o craw-fish_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o craw-fish_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v seem_v dead_a but_o revive_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o exhaust_v it_o be_v void_a of_o motion_n the_o experiment_n be_v 3_o or_o 4_o time_n exhaust_v and_o air_n let_v in_o again_o when_o the_o fish_n be_v take_v out_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v suffer_v much_o harm_n experiment_n iii_o another_o oyster_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n and_o immerse_v in_o water_n that_o the_o bubble_n which_o may_v come_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n may_v be_v visible_a if_o any_o we_o find_v that_o this_o fish_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o no_o bubble_n can_v get_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n experiment_n iu._n a_o craw-fish_n strong_a than_o the_o former_a except_o one_o small_a intermission_n continue_v in_o motion_n whilst_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v title_n vii_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o scale_n fish_n in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n vacuo_fw-la a_o gudgeon_n in_o vacuo_fw-la we_o fill_v the_o globous_a part_n of_o a_o receiver_n which_o be_v shape_v like_o a_o bolt-head_n and_o large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n half_a full_a of_o water_n and_o put_v a_o gudgeon_n 3_o inch_n long_o into_o it_o which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o this_o be_v do_v we_o exhaust_v the_o
shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o contract_n upon_o a_o increase_n of_o cold_a expand_v itself_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n contract_v the_o air_n follow_v it_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o since_o nature_n cause_v the_o one_o to_o contract_v in_o common_a glass_n and_o the_o other_o in_o seal_v one_o to_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n she_o do_v not_o rather_o make_v the_o air_n retain_v its_o natural_a extension_n than_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v condense_v and_o then_o put_v herself_o to_o double_a trouble_n in_o compel_v the_o water_n to_o ascend_v contrary_a to_o its_o nature_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v on_o these_o argument_n i_o shall_v rather_o urge_v that_o what_o be_v offer_v by_o they_o will_v not_o solve_v the_o difficulty_n for_o whether_o the_o water_n or_o air_n be_v expanded_a into_o a_o large_a space_n since_o glass_n be_v impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n i_o see_v not_o how_o a_o vacuum_n interspersum_fw-la and_o coacervatum_fw-la can_v be_v 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shall_v raise_v water_n so_o many_o inch_n by_o press_v upon_o it_o nay_o further_o water_n pour_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n till_o it_o reach_v into_o the_o stem_n will_v subside_o when_o refrigerated_a and_o not_o rise_v and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o water_n will_v ready_o ascend_v which_o how_o it_o will_v be_v explain_v by_o mr._n hobbes_n hypothesis_n i_o do_v not_o see_v three_o mr._n hobbes_n allow_v not_o of_o a_o vacuum_n i_o wonder_v he_o shall_v tell_v we_o that_o by_o a_o bare_a pressure_n the_o water_n find_v no_o other_o place_n to_o recede_v into_o be_v force_v to_o rise_v into_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n for_o since_o according_a to_o he_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n must_v be_v full_a before_o i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o receive_v the_o ascend_a water_n except_o to_o use_v mr._n hobbes_n own_o word_n it_o can_v be_v full_a than_o full_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v further_o allege_v against_o mr_n hobbes_n his_o doctrine_n that_o it_o give_v we_o no_o account_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a in_o weather-glass_n in_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o cold_a and_o rise_v with_o heat_n four_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n in_o explain_v the_o depression_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n attribute_n it_o sole_o to_o it_o be_v own_o gravity_n it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o we_o must_v likewise_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o if_o a_o thermometer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sun_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o shank_n be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o other_o and_o sometime_o so_o far_o that_o some_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o soon_o as_o 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air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v 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again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o delineates_n as_o be_v able_a to_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a tube_n we_o cause_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v place_v about_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o water_n in_o the_o least_o to_o rise_v but_o if_o at_o all_o it_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o the_o intumescence_n of_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n the_o external_n air_n force_v the_o water_n several_a inch_n up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n another_o experiment_n we_o make_v with_o the_o follow_a vessel_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7_o the_o stem_n of_o this_o be_v no_o thick_a than_o a_o raven_n quill_n though_o several_a inch_n long_o 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o and_o the_o ball_n be_v about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutmeg_n we_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v suspend_v there_o betray_v very_o slight_a change_n in_o the_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air._n watch_v therefore_o when_o the_o air_n within_o have_v raise_v the_o bubble_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n we_o immediate_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o seal_a glass_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o bubble_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o if_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o bubble_n of_o water_n will_v be_v sometime_o depress_v so_o low_o as_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o what_o be_v further_o remarkable_a be_v that_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v descend_v if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v seal_v up_o the_o water_n will_v immediate_o stop_v at_o the_o place_n it_o rest_v at_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o where_o it_o will_v continue_v till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a again_o and_o then_o the_o water_n will_v be_v further_o depress_v as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o overpower_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o internal_a air._n have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o fig._n 7._o plate_n 1._o represent_v and_o convey_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o both_o the_o leg_n 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o we_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bend_a stem_n leave_v so_o much_o air_n above_o it_o as_o we_o think_v convenient_a which_o be_v do_v we_o place_v the_o ball_n of_o it_o in_o a_o frame_n in_o which_o the_o tube_n hang_v down_o we_o can_v cover_v the_o round_a ball_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o so_o far_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v raise_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n high_o than_o before_o and_o depress_v as_o much_o in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a the_o water_n be_v raise_v 2_o ¼_n inch_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o depress_v so_o low_o in_o the_o short_a that_o several_a bubble_n rise_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ball._n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o except_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n which_o be_v but_o small_a answerable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n though_o its_o spring_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n weaken_v by_o cold._n a_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o first_o plate_n fig._n 1._o p._n 12._o a._n the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c._n the_o stem_n d._n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n fig._n 2._o the_o open_a weatherglass_n mention_v p._n 16_o 22._o fig._n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o
sublimate_n make_v with_o common_a sublimate_n and_o salarmoniack_a nay_o and_o with_o both_o loaf_n and_o kitchin-sugar_n as_o likewise_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o snow_n do_v freeze_v though_o very_o faint_o and_o both_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o pot-ash_n agitate_a with_o snow_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n produce_v film_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n though_o very_o thin_a one_o 9_o a_o sweet_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n mix_v with_o snow_n excite_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o it_o yet_o some_o of_o that_o solution_n be_v enclose_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o they_o snow_n shut_v up_o alone_o thaw_v much_o more_o slow_o than_o that_o which_o be_v mix_v with_o salt_n or_o spirit_n no_o salt_n will_v promote_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o snow_n so_o far_o as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v which_o quicken_v not_o its_o dissolution_n neither_o crystal_n of_o tartar_n nor_o borax_n both_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o sublimate_n will_v enable_v snow_n to_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o the_o powder_n of_o each_o lie_v undissolved_a in_o it_o 10._o water_n of_o quicklime_n be_v twice_o try_v will_v not_o freeze_v but_o only_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v keep_v up_o 12_o month_n the_o spirit_n with_o which_o those_o water_n abound_v fly_v away_o 11._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o which_o ice_n dissolve_v slow_a than_o in_o several_a other_o liquor_n enable_v not_o snow_n to_o freeze_v though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n shut_v up_o with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v powerful_o and_o to_o chrystalize_v even_o urine_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o scale_n 12._o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o snow_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o a_o just_a proportion_n freeze_v very_o powerful_o and_o speedy_o not_o only_a water_n but_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o first_o of_o which_o retain_v its_o taste_n when_o freeze_v and_o the_o latter_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o lay_v across_o each_o other_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a partly_o evaporate_v will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o comb_n and_o feather_n and_o salarmoniack_a distil_v from_o quicklime_n will_v shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o so_o nimble_o that_o one_o eye_n may_v discern_v they_o to_o spread_v and_o increase_v the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o wine_n and_o strong_a ale_n succeed_v but_o very_o faint_o 13._o since_o body_n general_o help_v snow_n to_o freeze_v which_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o throw_v into_o a_o vial_n which_o contain_v snow_n heat_a sand_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o cause_v a_o dew_n but_o not_o to_o freeze_v and_o warm_a water_n pour_v into_o another_o when_o it_o have_v be_v shake_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o gather_v dew_n but_o freeze_v it_o not_o 14._o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o hoar-froast_a on_o glass-window_n be_v only_a exsudation_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o freeze_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n the_o steam_n which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o room_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a and_o freeze_v 15._o to_o show_v that_o the_o ice_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n proceed_v not_o from_o any_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n we_o find_v that_o four_o ounce_n and_o ¼_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o vial_n by_o the_o access_n of_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v 12_o grain_n another_o vial_n which_o contain_v two_o ounce_n six_o dram_fw-la and_o a_o half_a increase_v in_o weight_n 4_o grain_n the_o vial_n be_v unseal_v under_o water_n it_o suck_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o it_o six_o ounce_n snow_n and_o salt_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n the_o hoar-frost_n be_v wipe_v off_o but_o return_v again_o and_o the_o vial_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n the_o vapour_n condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v weigh_v 10_o grain_n a_o like_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n the_o outside_n be_v present_o cover_v with_o ice_n and_o in_o all_o it_o become_v 7_o grain_n heavy_a than_o before_o another_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o weigh_v 3_o ¾_n ounce_n afford_v 18_o grain_n of_o condense_a vapour_n and_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salgem_n which_o counterpoise_v 3_o ounce_n and_o 70_o grain_n upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o condense_a vapour_n weigh_v 20_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v of_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v without_o any_o more_o than_o bare_o intimate_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v by_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o be_v not_o with_o another_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o very_o cold_a snowy_a wether_n water_n urine_n beer_n ale_n milk_n vinegar_n french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n be_v either_o total_o or_o partly_o turn_v into_o ice_n but_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a instance_n we_o freeze_v a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n and_o another_o of_o gum_n arabic_a in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o alum_n nitre_n and_o vinegar_n freeze_v without_o afford_v any_o considerable_a phaenomena_n a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v and_o in_o part_n unfreeze_v that_o which_o be_v freeze_v being_n not_o much_o different_a in_o colour_n from_o water_n but_o the_o unfreeze_v part_n be_v of_o a_o very_a high_a vitriol-colour_n 2._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n expose_v to_o a_o intense_a fire_n both_o of_o they_o freeze_v 3._o a_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n present_o freeze_v in_o a_o intense_a cold_a and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la or_o at_o least_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v congeal_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n appendix_n to_o the_o ii_o title_n oil_n become_v much_o more_o hard_a in_o muscovy_n than_o here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o most_o excessive_a cold_n but_o will_v in_o neither_o be_v turn_v into_o perfect_a ice_n and_o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o a_o island_n where_o he_o and_o his_o man_n be_v force_v to_o winter_n pag._n 58_o say_v all_z our_o sack_n vinegar_n oil_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v liquid_a be_v now_o freeze_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o we_o must_v cut_v it_o with_o a_o hatchet_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n sept._n hist_o l._n 11._o c._n 24_o say_v speak_v of_o the_o fight_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o northern_a region_n glacialis_fw-la congressus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la laneis_fw-la calcibus_fw-la non_fw-la pellibus_fw-la aut_fw-la coriis_fw-la unctis_fw-la vis_fw-fr enim_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quodcunque_fw-la fit_a unctuosum_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o lubricitatem_fw-la glacialem_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o inflammability_n and_o be_v dispose_v to_o mix_v with_o oily_a body_n and_o as_o great_a a_o aptitude_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n i_o inquire_v of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n what_o alteration_n he_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o cold_a in_o muscovy_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o aniseed_n and_o other_o weak_a spirit_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o imperfect_a kind_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o strong_a one_o will_v turn_v ice_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n like_o oil_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o ii_o title_n 1_o in_o a_o very_a hard_a frost_n in_o december_n a_o solution_n of_o minium_n near_o the_o fire_n seem_v to_o be_v freeze_v though_o it_o be_v make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v shoot_v into_o saccharum_n saturni_n some_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v yellow_a do_v not_o freeze_v though_o pour_v out_o 2._o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n make_v with_o salt_n be_v likewise_o freeze_v as_o also_o a_o pint-vial_n full_a of_o the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n have_v no_o such_o colour_n as_o the_o tincture_n 3._o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o russia_n brandy_n will_v freeze_v but_o the_o ice_n of_o it_o be_v
spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v the_o ball_n and_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n which_o be_v half_o bury_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o about_o the_o side_n the_o liquor_n be_v subside_v to_o 5_o 2_o â—_o division_n each_o division_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o then_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v to_o 1_o ½_n division_n to_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v another_o which_o show_v that_o the_o water_n though_o freeze_v be_v warm_a than_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n when_o the_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v apply_v to_o it_o jan._n 15_o the_o weatherglass_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v descend_v to_o 5_o ½_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v first_o brisk_o and_o then_o more_o gradual_o till_o it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stem_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o the_o water_n again_o it_o ascend_v to_o the_o same_o height_n the_o water_n have_v before_o depress_v it_o to_o for_o a_o further_a trial_n how_o much_o liquor_n may_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a we_o take_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n rectify_v in_o a_o gentle_a heat_n and_o have_v weigh_v a_o glass-ball_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n it_o be_v one_o ounce_n one_o dram_n five_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a we_o pour_v on_o it_o so_o much_o of_o the_o turpentine_n as_o increase_v the_o weight_n to_o two_o ounce_n seven_o dram_fw-la and_o thirty_o four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a which_o reach_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n with_o a_o diamond_n after_o which_o we_o pour_v a_o dram_n more_o in_o and_o successive_o more_o still_o mark_v how_o high_a each_o parcel_n which_o be_v weigh_v exact_o wrought_v in_o the_o stem_n till_o the_o additional_a weight_n increase_v the_o former_a to_o three_o ounce_n one_o dram_n four_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o take_v a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n with_o water_n in_o it_o we_o immerge_v the_o weatherglass_n in_o the_o water_n as_o before_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o it_o be_v contain_v be_v first_o encompass_v with_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v we_o mark_v the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o oil_n at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o subside_v and_o then_o convey_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n when_o it_o have_v subside_v as_o low_a as_o it_o can_v we_o mark_v the_o superficies_n and_o then_o remove_v it_o into_o the_o air_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n and_o then_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n out_o into_o another_o glass_n careful_o poise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n remain_v at_o the_o mark_n which_o it_o subside_v to_o in_o the_o water_n and_o we_o find_v that_o the_o oil_n pour_v off_o weigh_v about_o 10_o grain_n and_o so_o much_o more_o be_v pour_v off_o as_o make_v it_o stand_v at_o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n depress_v it_o it_o weigh_v about_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a so_o that_o the_o oil_n be_v artificial_o condense_v so_o far_o that_o it_o subside_v as_o much_o after_o it_o have_v be_v condense_v by_o cold_a strong_a enough_o to_o freeze_v water_n as_o it_o be_v cause_v to_o fall_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o and_o by_o divide_v the_o whole_a proportion_n of_o oil_n by_o the_o number_n of_o grain_n who_o bulk_n it_o seem_v to_o lose_v by_o subside_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v condense_v by_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o a_o 94th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n and_o by_o divide_v it_o by_o the_o additional_a number_n of_o the_o grain_n more_o we_o find_v that_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n have_v condense_v it_o a_o 47th_o part_n of_o its_o bulk_n have_v circumscribe_v water_n moderate_o cold_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n what_o it_o shrink_v be_v if_o not_o insensible_a inconsiderable_a to_o measure_v the_o differ_a weight_n and_o density_n of_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o water_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o when_o extreme_o cold_a we_o weigh_v a_o glass-bubble_n in_o it_o which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n moderate_o cool_a and_o by_o the_o diminution_n of_o its_o weight_n in_o that_o medium_fw-la we_o find_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o hydrostaticks_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o water_n of_o equal_a bulk_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o in_o water_n cool_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o new_a decrement_n of_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o that_o cold_a water_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o gravity_n and_o density_n acquire_v by_o the_o action_n of_o gold_n and_o by_o weigh_v the_o same_o bubble_n in_o the_o same_o water_n in_o hot_a wether_n we_o learned_a further_n how_o much_o more_o dense_a and_o heavy_a water_n moderate_o cold_a and_o extreme_o cold_a be_v than_o warm_a water_n it_o will_v be_v of_o use_n to_o try_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o in_o italy_n where_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o keep_v snow_n and_o of_o freeze_a warm_a water_n speedy_o a_o glass-bubble_n which_o in_o the_o air_n weigh_v 150_o grain_n be_v weigh_v in_o water_n on_o a_o day_n not_o frosty_a it_o weigh_v 29_o â—_o 8_o and_o be_v weigh_v in_o water_n which_o be_v a_o little_a freeze_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o ice_n it_o be_v not_o above_o â…›_n part_v of_o a_o grain_n light_a than_o before_o so_o that_o the_o water_n by_o condensation_n lose_v not_o above_o a_o 230th_o part_n of_o its_o former_a bulk_n how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n at_o sea_n to_o make_v such_o experiment_n as_o these_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v thereby_o learn_v to_o know_v by_o find_v the_o density_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 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to_o tend_v downward_o but_o i_o rely_v less_o upon_o this_o experiment_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n be_v expose_v in_o a_o vial_n the_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v always_o opposite_a to_o the_o mixture_n not_o reach_v high_o or_o low_o than_o that_o mixture_n above_o half_a the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o as_o the_o mixture_n dissolve_v and_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o dissolve_v part_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o so_o proportionable_o the_o circle_n of_o ice_n grow_v narrow_a on_o the_o outside_n till_o the_o mixture_n be_v whole_o dissolve_v and_o then_o the_o ice_n vanish_v and_o from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v
of_o ice_n and_o salt_n 2_o hour_n it_o make_v a_o oblique_a crack_n in_o the_o barrel_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o ice_n be_v take_v out_o seem_v full_a of_o bubble_n but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o the_o like_a success_n we_o have_v with_o another_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n who_o muzzle_n and_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v up_o with_o metal_n nor_o have_v we_o less_o success_n when_o we_o bury_v a_o pewter_n bottle_n in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n both_o the_o barrel_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o bottle_n be_v burst_v in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n title_n xii_o experiment_n concern_v a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o congelation_n and_o of_o high_o compress_v air_n without_o engine_n congelation_n a_o new_a way_n of_o estimate_v the_o expanâ—…e_a force_n of_o congelation_n how_o far_o we_o be_v able_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n by_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n we_o have_v else_o where_o show_v but_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o condensation_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 1._o have_v fill_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v about_o a_o inch_n into_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v raise_v about_o 7_o inch_n and_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o by_o a_o fresh_a application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o be_v raise_v 8_o inch_n high_a so_o that_o the_o air_n be_v compress_v into_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n possess_v about_o nine_o part_n of_o ten_o of_o what_o it_o do_v before_o whereupon_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v and_o the_o seal_a end_n open_v the_o air_n which_o when_o the_o stem_n be_v invert_v rise_v up_o to_o the_o ice_n and_o separate_v the_o unfrozen_a water_n in_o the_o stem_n from_o it_o powerful_o expand_v itself_o force_v out_o about_o ten_o inch_n of_o water_n with_o violence_n and_o noise_n beside_o 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this_o way_n of_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n may_v be_v compress_v and_o water_n expanded_a by_o cold_a we_o think_v least_o exceptionable_a because_o the_o pore_n of_o glass_n be_v more_o impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n than_o some_o metalline_a vessel_n for_o have_v break_v open_a the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o one_o of_o our_o glass-egg_n we_o find_v that_o though_o the_o water_n be_v but_o a_o little_a expanded_a yet_o not_o find_v a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o water_n rise_v up_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n title_n xiii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold._n in_o estimate_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o cold_a we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o the_o cold_a body_n but_o also_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o the_o consistence_n and_o texture_n of_o it_o as_o likewise_o the_o instrument_n employ_v to_o receive_v or_o acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o action_n of_o cold_a since_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o weather-glass_n give_v we_o a_o more_o nice_a account_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o and_o that_o our_o sensory_n may_v mis-inform_a we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o various_a predisposition_n beside_o the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n may_v be_v vary_v by_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o cold_a body_n 1._o but_o to_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o activity_n of_o small_a piece_n of_o ice_n we_o have_v find_v it_o very_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o odorous_a body_n insomuch_o that_o i_o be_o persuade_v we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o cold_a without_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o a_o cold_a body_n since_o ice_n approach_v our_o sensory_a or_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v neither_o though_o hold_v as_o near_o as_o possible_o they_o may_v without_o touch_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v at_o sea_n where_o in_o foggy_a night_n the_o seaman_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v neighbour_a mountain_n of_o ice_n though_o by_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v the_o observation_n in_o greenland_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o he_o perceive_v a_o manifest_a access_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n 2._o and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o ispahan_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o persia_n the_o ice_n be_v never_o much_o more_o than_o a_o finger_n thick_a they_o usual_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o which_o as_o it_o run_v over_o the_o ice_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o thicken_v the_o ice_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o proper_a conservatory_n this_o experiment_n have_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o pump_v of_o water_n upon_o flake_n of_o ice_n i_o find_v that_o the_o pump-water_n be_v warm_a than_o the_o ice_n thaw_v it_o instead_o of_o increase_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o and_o though_o here_o in_o england_n water_n pour_v upon_o snow_n promote_v its_o dissolution_n yet_o in_o russia_n and_o muscovy_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o water_n throw_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v it_o which_o they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o general_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o incrustate_n several_a body_n with_o ice_n when_o only_a water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o that_o in_o try_v such_o experiment_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o have_v a_o great_a influence_n in_o promote_a or_o vary_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o trial_n 3._o how_o deep_a frost_n penetrate_v into_o water_n and_o earth_n will_v be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n to_o determine_v since_o earth_n especial_o may_v be_v more_o or_o less_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o its_o duration_n the_o texâ—â—â—…_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o juice_n dâ—â—â—…ed_v through_o it_o or_o subterraneal_a steam_n whence_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v over_o some_o mine_n be_v always_o free_a from_o snow_n good_a quantity_n of_o limestone_n be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n 4._o but_o though_o it_o be_v so_o difficult_a to_o know_v to_o what_o depth_n frost_n will_v reach_v yet_o that_o we_o may_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o general_a history_n of_o cold_a we_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a note_n after_o four_o night_n hard_a frost_n the_o ground_n in_o the_o orchard_n be_v freeze_v about_o 3_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o the_o
burning-glass_n to_o concentre_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o can_v neither_o perceive_v they_o cold_a or_o hot_a though_o sanctorius_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o that_o be_v concentre_v and_o cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v but_o since_o my_o glass_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v from_o the_o narrative_a be_v better_a than_o he_o i_o must_v suspend_v my_o assent_n till_o further_a satisfy_v by_o experience_n for_o since_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o several_a of_o his_o scholar_n stand_v by_o to_o watch_v the_o event_n the_o effect_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n depend_v on_o the_o warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n one_o particular_a referrable_a to_o the_o xxi_o title_n the_o samojede_v clothe_v themselves_o with_o renes_fw-la skin_n the_o hair_n be_v outward_a and_o i_o have_v find_v a_o pair_n of_o cangy_n warm_a than_o fur_a glove_n they_o be_v chief_o make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o sledge_n though_o one_o may_v walk_v in_o the_o snow_n with_o they_o it_o be_v so_o dry_a that_o a_o scarlet_n be_v cover_v all_o over_o with_o it_o it_o will_v brush_v off_o without_o wet_n or_o endamage_v it_o to_o the_o xi_o title_n cold._n the_o force_n of_o expansion_n by_o cold._n 1._o the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n which_o be_v about_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a diameter_n have_v the_o touchhole_n rivet_v up_o and_o a_o screw_v fit_v to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v do_v it_o be_v fill_v full_a of_o water_n and_o suspend_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o screw_v have_v be_v thrust_v down_o as_o forcible_o as_o a_o man_n can_v in_o a_o frosty_a night_n the_o congeal_a ice_n raise_v the_o screw_n considerable_o so_o that_o ice_n have_v make_v its_o way_n out_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o barrel_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o screw_v fill_v up_o with_o melt_a bees-wax_n the_o expanded_a ice_n not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n be_v crack_v oblique_o beside_o several_a other_o flaw_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v way_n to_o the_o wind_n blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n to_o try_v it_o a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n freeze_a of_o the_o effect_n of_o nitre_n in_o freeze_a bartholinus_n cite_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o nitre_n and_o water_n be_v 35_o to_o 100_o to_o try_v the_o success_n of_o it_o we_o mix_v a_o pound_n of_o salt-petre_n with_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n and_o stir_v it_o about_o constant_o as_o cabaeus_n direct_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o half_a we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o ice_n whereas_o according_a to_o he_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v whole_o freeze_v in_o less_o time_n but_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o the_o least_o freeze_v for_o a_o further_a trial_n we_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_n with_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o glass-vial_n but_o by_o all_o the_o shake_n we_o can_v not_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n though_o whilst_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v the_o mixture_n be_v sensible_o cold_a and_o the_o same_o we_o have_v observe_v to_o happen_v upon_o a_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n though_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o congelation_n which_o i_o be_v satisfy_v in_o by_o remove_v a_o thermoscope_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n into_o water_n which_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n subside_v in_o the_o latter_a about_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o learned_a cabaeus_n mistake_v crystal_n of_o nitre_n for_o ice_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o most_o watermen_n that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n because_o they_o observe_v large_a piece_n of_o ice_n rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_o question_v since_o we_o not_o only_o see_v that_o water_n in_o vessel_n but_o in_o well_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o top_n and_o several_a argument_n in_o proof_n of_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v find_v in_o our_o section_n of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la and_o as_o for_o those_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o observe_v to_o emerge_n that_o phaenomenon_n may_v easy_o be_v solve_v without_o suppose_v the_o water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n for_o since_o the_o water_n which_o run_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v freeze_v several_a stone_n may_v stick_v to_o it_o they_o by_o their_o weight_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o subside_n when_o it_o be_v partly_o loosen_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o water_n by_o that_o rarifaction_n become_v light_a yet_o when_o the_o water_n above_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o water_n below_o be_v warm_a have_v melt_v the_o ice_n in_o some_o measure_n and_o 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the_o air_n be_v not_o near_o so_o subject_a to_o flaw_n as_o those_o that_o be_v dig_v up_o and_o work_v whilst_o the_o frost_n continue_v and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v that_o both_o earthen_a as_o well_o as_o glass-vessel_n be_v considerable_o impair_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o frost_n upon_o they_o to_o which_o instance_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o maistre_n bernard_n palissy_n who_o say_v that_o though_o the_o stone_n of_o the_o mountain_n ardenne_n be_v hard_o than_o marble_n yet_o for_o fear_n of_o frost_n they_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o quarry_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o rock_n sometime_o crack_v and_o fall_v down_o without_o be_v cut_v
air_n contain_v in_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o hold_v as_o much_o air_n as_o will_v keep_v the_o whole_a stem_n from_o sink_v under_o water_n if_o the_o ballast_n which_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o vessel_n immerse_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n be_v to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o vessel_n the_o stem_n ought_v to_o be_v hollow_a but_o otherwise_o to_o consist_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n without_o any_o cavity_n and_o of_o a_o convenient_a length_n the_o instrument_n i_o employ_v for_o guineas_n have_v its_o ball_n as_o big_a as_o a_o hens-egg_n and_o the_o stem_n about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o be_v sodder_v on_o to_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o uppermost_a convex_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o lowermost_a be_v fix_v a_o piece_n of_o wire_n to_o lay_v the_o guiny_n upon_o or_o a_o screw_v stirrup_n to_o fix_v it_o in_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o try_v piece_n of_o gold_n of_o great_a weight_n the_o stirrup_n ought_v to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o small_a cylinder_n upon_o which_o several_a piece_n of_o metal_n be_v fix_v and_o have_v hole_n in_o the_o middle_n that_o they_o may_v be_v put_v on_o or_o take_v off_o as_o occasion_n require_v the_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o any_o piece_n of_o gold_n though_o twice_o or_o thrice_o as_o heavy_a as_o a_o guiny_n to_o adjust_a this_o instrument_n for_o the_o use_n of_o guineas_n it_o must_v be_v lighten_v by_o the_o use_n of_o a_o file_n or_o make_v heavy_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o ballast_n that_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n without_o sink_v and_o then_o a_o mark_n be_v fix_v on_o the_o stem_n at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o piece_n of_o brass_n must_v be_v substitute_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o guiny_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n or_o a_o grain_n or_o two_o heavy_a in_o the_o air_n and_o a_o mark_v set_v at_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o be_v immerse_v by_o that_o weight_n in_o which_o method_n of_o adjust_v the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v mind_v first_o the_o guinea_n must_v be_v place_v exact_o with_o its_o middle_a in_o the_o screw_n that_o it_o may_v not_o incline_v the_o tube_n but_o let_v it_o stand_v erect_v second_o quicksilver_n ballast_n in_o metalline_a instrument_n be_v apt_a to_o dissolve_v the_o sodder_n three_o the_o mark_n may_v be_v make_v of_o chew_v mastic_n fix_v in_o small_a hole_n or_o by_o fix_v a_o silver_n or_o a_o golden_a wire_n in_o a_o nick_n make_v round_o the_o stem_n four_o one_o of_o the_o heavy_a guineas_n be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o adjust_v this_o instrument_n and_o care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o ½_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v leave_v above_o the_o water_n because_o all_o water_n themselves_o be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n yet_o those_o circumstance_n vary_v not_o the_o success_n since_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o immerge_n this_o instrument_n in_o several_a water_n be_v in_o considerable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o piece_n of_o brass_n and_o gold_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o three_o quarter_n five_o before_o we_o can_v determine_v by_o this_o instrument_n whether_o the_o gold_n be_v good_a it_o must_v be_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n to_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o a_o just_a weight_n and_o then_o this_o will_v discover_v whether_o it_o be_v genuine_a for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v think_v the_o metal_n not_o good_a when_o it_o only_o want_v weight_n in_o the_o air._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n 00._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 00._o fig._n 1._o a_o b._n the_o stem_n or_o pipe_n c_o e._n the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o ball_n sodder_v together_o b_o c_o d_o e._n the_o ball_n itself_o f._n the_o screw_n g._n the_o stirrup_n somewhat_o out_o of_o its_o place_n h._n the_o mark_n to_o which_o copper_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o guinea_n in_o the_o air_n depress_n it_o i._o the_o mark_n to_o which_o the_o gold_n sink_v it_o fig._n 2._o the_o screw_n by_o itself_o to_o be_v take_v off_o or_o put_v on_o the_o undermost_a stem_n of_o the_o instrument_n fig._n 3._o the_o perforated_a plate_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o low_a stem_n as_o ballast_n fig._n 4._o the_o low_a stem_n with_o a_o perforated_a plate_n upon_o it_o fig._n 5._o the_o stirrup_n which_o my_o be_n make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o screw_n fig._n 6._o a._n b._n c._n the_o glass_n instrument_n d_o d_o d._n the_o coin_n support_v by_o four_o horsehair_n fig._n 7._o the_o undermost_a stem_n of_o a_o glass_n instrument_n to_o which_o a_o screw_n be_v fasten_v with_o horsehair_n or_o otherwise_o fig._n 8._o a_o b_o c_o d._n the_o instrument_n for_o estimate_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n e_o e_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o water_n employ_v as_o ballast_n the_o three_o section_n represent_v the_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n as_o relate_v to_o metal_n the_o first_o use_n be_v to_o distinguish_v true_a guineas_n from_o counterfeit_n the_o second_o use_n in_o examine_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n light_a than_o a_o guinea_n so_o much_o ballast_n may_v be_v add_v as_o will_v make_v that_o amount_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o guinea_n and_o if_o the_o gold_n be_v heavy_a so_o many_o of_o the_o perforated_a plate_n must_v be_v take_v off_o the_o stem_n that_o the_o instrument_n may_v not_o be_v sink_v by_o it_o and_o when_o a_o coin_n but_o a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o guinea_n be_v to_o be_v try_v it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o place_v a_o perforated_a plate_n upon_o the_o upper_a screw_n so_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v upon_o the_o ball_n and_o be_v take_v off_o or_o lighten_v with_o a_o file_n as_o occasion_n require_v that_o several_a piece_n of_o gold_n may_v upon_o some_o occasion_n be_v fix_v at_o once_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o screw_n ought_v to_o be_v wide_a than_o what_o will_v just_o admit_v of_o a_o guinea_n if_o the_o instrument_n be_v well_o proportion_v so_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n a_o little_o heavy_a than_o a_o guinea_n may_v not_o depress_v it_o under_o water_n it_o may_v be_v examine_v without_o alter_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o instrument_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n above_o lay_v down_o a_o half_a guinea_n may_v be_v try_v by_o place_v a_o true_a half_a guinea_n with_o it_o in_o the_o screw_n the_o three_o use_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o try_v silver_n coin_n which_o be_v light_a than_o half_a a_o crown_n by_o weigh_v silver_n in_o it_o and_o mark_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o pipe_n and_o then_o observe_v what_o difference_n there_o be_v betwixt_o that_o and_o a_o equal_a weight_n of_o a_o ignoble_a metal_n in_o the_o air._n and_o though_o several_a instrument_n will_v be_v more_o convenient_a for_o the_o try_v of_o these_o different_a metal_n yet_o by_o alter_v the_o ballast_n plate_n one_o may_v be_v make_v to_o serve_v the_o turn_n the_o four_o use_n and_o by_o the_o like_a method_n a_o instrument_n may_v be_v adjust_v to_o discover_v whether_o tin_n be_v more_o or_o less_o adulterate_v with_o lead_n since_o tin_n be_v the_o light_a of_o metal_n the_o lead_n will_v depress_v the_o instrument_n low_o if_o mix_v with_o tin_n as_o gold_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v the_o heavy_a metal_n and_o be_v light_a upon_o the_o addition_n of_o another_o metal_n the_o five_o use_n it_o may_v enable_v we_o to_o guess_v at_o the_o quality_n of_o metalline_a mixture_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o ingredient_n for_o by_o adjust_v how_o much_o such_o a_o weight_n of_o gold_n will_v depress_v the_o stem_n by_o afterward_o try_v how_o much_o light_a in_o water_n the_o same_o weight_n of_o allay_v gold_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n observe_v what_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o alloy_n we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o judge_v how_o much_o other_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v alloy_v by_o compare_v their_o weight_n in_o water_n with_o this_o standard_n provide_v they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n with_o the_o gold_n unalloy_v and_o the_o same_o measure_n may_v be_v take_v to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o alloy_v of_o silver_n with_o copper_n or_o of_o copper_n with_o tin_n chap._n ix_o observation_n of_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o metal_n tin_n about_o the_o growth_n of_o tin_n i_o be_o tell_v by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o tin_n i_o that_o after_o a_o tin_n i_o have_v be_v quite_o drain_v of_o its_o ore_n by_o wash_v and_o van_v about_o 120_o year_n after_o it_o yield_v rich_a ore_n again_o and_o that_o a_o good_a quantity_n
scarce_o discernible_a if_o at_o all_o as_o in_o lodestone_n ambergrease_n etc._n etc._n those_o require_v a_o long_a time_n to_o make_v their_o consumption_n discernible_a in_o which_o time_n we_o be_v not_o sure_a but_o the_o weight_n themselves_o may_v have_v lose_v of_o their_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o the_o counterpoise_n and_o consequent_o not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v the_o loss_n those_o sustain_v but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o beside_o statical_a way_n of_o try_v whether_o body_n emit_v effluvia_fw-la or_o not_o and_o there_o be_v several_a peculiar_a way_n requisite_a to_o cause_v they_o to_o emit_v they_o as_o glass_n etc._n etc._n affect_v the_o nostril_n upon_o a_o attrition_n i_o have_v a_o diamond_n as_o well_o as_o a_o ruby_n which_o will_v be_v excite_v by_o a_o gentle_a heat_n in_o my_o pocket_n or_o only_o by_o stroke_v my_o finger_n over_o the_o former_a though_o sometime_o they_o will_v fail_v to_o be_v so_o easy_o or_o uniform_o excite_v and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o upon_o the_o tread_v of_o a_o hare_n or_o partridge_n effluvia_fw-la shall_v be_v so_o long_o emit_v as_o to_o give_v a_o scent_n to_o dog_n several_a hour_n after_o and_o if_o loadstone_n and_o other_o body_n may_v have_v constant_a atmosphere_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v discover_v by_o particular_a body_n several_a other_o substance_n not_o yet_o take_v notice_n of_o may_v emit_v effluvia_fw-la which_o by_o peculiar_a method_n may_v be_v discover_v chap._n iu._n of_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o effluvium_n effluvium_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o effluvium_n the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o effluvium_n will_v be_v most_o apt_o represent_v by_o consider_v i._o the_o strange_a extensibility_n of_o some_o body_n whilst_o their_o part_n remain_v tangible_a ii_o the_o multitude_n of_o visible_a corpuscle_n that_o may_v be_v afford_v by_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o matter_n iii_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o pore_n at_o which_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o 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what_o it_o have_v before_o but_o to_o render_v our_o present_a experiment_n more_o instructive_a i_o shall_v add_v another_o attempt_n to_o sublime_a gold_n after_o the_o follow_a method_n have_v then_o dissolve_v laminate_v gold_n in_o some_o of_o the_o above_o mention_v menstruum_fw-la we_o draw_v it_o off_o in_o a_o retort_n place_v in_o a_o sand-furnace_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o gold_n be_v elevate_v and_o either_o fell_a into_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o golden_a colour_a liquor_n or_o shoot_v into_o red_a crystal_n like_o ruby_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o retort_n which_o in_o the_o air_n will_v run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o by_o a_o new_a affusion_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la upon_o the_o remain_a calx_fw-la more_o of_o itwould_v still_o be_v elevate_v by_o distillation_n but_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n more_o serviceable_a it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o note_n that_o upon_o 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that_o its_o volatility_n depend_v on_o a_o mixture_n of_o volatile_a part_n which_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o when_o dissolve_v into_o very_a minute_n part_n so_o as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o swim_v in_o that_o vehicle_n experiment_n viii_o texture_n how_o so_o hard_a a_o body_n as_o silver_n etc._n etc._n may_v become_v a_o sour_a substance_n by_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n have_v dissolve_v a_o ounce_n of_o refine_a silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o permit_v it_o to_o crystalize_v we_o find_v that_o the_o silver_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o acid_n salt_n be_v increase_v in_o weight_n several_a drachm_n which_o distil_v in_o a_o retort_n with_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o make_v the_o retort_n red_a hot_a yield_v a_o phlegm_n eminent_o sour_a which_o show_v that_o a_o very_a bitter_a body_n may_v yield_v a_o substance_n of_o a_o quite_o different_a taste_n for_o the_o liquor_n be_v cold_a in_o the_o receiver_n smoke_a as_o well_o as_o smell_v and_o taste_v like_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o by_o corrode_a copper_n turn_v it_o into_o a_o blevish_a colour_n after_o ward_v we_o make_v a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o have_v by_o filtration_n and_o evaporation_n procure_v a_o saccharum_n saturni_n we_o distil_v it_o in_o a_o well_o coated_a retort_n over_o a_o naked_a fire_n and_o obtain_v a_o offensive_a acid_n which_o have_v the_o smell_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la which_o be_v put_v upon_o minium_n bubble_v and_o make_v a_o considerable_a noise_n present_o afford_v a_o liquor_n from_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v obtain_v a_o true_a sugar_n of_o lead_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la be_v neither_o sweet_a as_o before_o distillation_n nor_o sower_n as_o the_o body_n draw_v from_o it_o but_o insipid_a and_o easy_o reducible_a by_o fusion_n into_o a_o malleable_a lead_n experiment_n phaenomena_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o experiment_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v also_o remarkable_a first_o that_o the_o salt_n which_o increase_v the_o silver_n in_o weight_n no_o more_o than_o a_o three_o or_o four_o part_n be_v able_a to_o sublime_a the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o fix_a body_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n be_v mix_v with_o three_o several_a metal_n may_v produce_v as_o many_o different_a taste_n though_o the_o same_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la shall_v be_v successive_o make_v use_n of_o in_o those_o three_o experiment_n and_o howsoever_o vary_v in_o respect_n of_o order_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v likewise_o that_o part_n of_o the_o distil_v spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v pour_v on_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o saccharum_n saturni_n turn_v some_o part_n of_o it_o into_o a_o vitriol_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o be_v pour_v upon_o file_n of_o silver_n the_o silver_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n be_v coagulate_v into_o a_o bitter_a salt_n experiment_n ix_o because_o transmutation_n of_o body_n who_o texture_n be_v esteem_v primordial_a as_o those_o of_o the_o element_n and_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v ingredient_n of_o most_o composition_n here_o below_o will_v be_v a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o alter_a the_o texture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v what_o progress_n i_o have_v make_v in_o order_n to_o turn_v water_n into_o earth_n earth_n a_o transformation_n of_o water_n into_o earth_n have_v therefore_o in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n distil_v fair_a rain-water_n and_o several_a time_n re-distilled_a it_o again_o we_o find_v that_o after_o every_o distillation_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o white_a earth_n remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v more_o plentiful_o afford_v in_o the_o latter_a distillation_n than_o the_o first_o and_o therefore_o we_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v it_o can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o water_n turn_v into_o earth_n which_o afford_v the_o follow_a phanomena_n viz._n 1._o be_v put_v into_o a_o microscope_n in_o the_o sunbeam_n exhibit_v phaenomena_n exhibit_v it_o appear_v to_o consist_v of_o part_n exceed_o fine_a which_o be_v as_o fine_a in_o the_o microscope_n as_o hair-powder_n usual_o be_v to_o the_o eye_n yet_o not_o in_o the_o least_o transparent_a 2._o be_v mix_v with_o water_n it_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o whitish_a colour_n as_o the_o powder_n of_o white_a marble_n usual_o do_v yet_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n it_o remain_v undissolve_v 3._o after_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o red-hot_a crucible_n it_o be_v neither_o diminish_v in_o quantity_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o the_o least_o smoke_n 4._o it_o exceed_v water_n in_o weight_n so_o as_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o twice_o its_o bulk_n of_o common_a water_n be_v almost_o as_o heavy_a as_o wood-ash_n free_v from_o their_o salt_n which_o to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 2_o â…™_n which_o do_v not_o much_o come_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o white_a glass_n which_o be_v twice_o and_o a_o half_o heavy_a than_o its_o weight_n of_o water_n so_o that_o from_o these_o phaenomena_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o term_v the_o forementioned_a white_a substance_n earth_n consider_v likewise_o its_o fixedness_n and_o other_o quality_n but_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o glass_n in_o which_o it_o be_v distil_v be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o damage_v by_o this_o process_n as_o also_o that_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n yield_v six_o drachm_n of_o powder_n earth_n water_n almost_o whole_o convertible_a into_o earth_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o water_n still_o remain_v behind_o so_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v no_o small_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n for_o if_o element_n themselves_o may_v be_v transmute_v and_o artificial_o destroy_v by_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o their_o part_n why_o may_v not_o considerable_a change_n be_v effect_v also_o in_o other_o body_n by_o a_o local_a motion_n and_o a_o new_a manner_n and_o form_n of_o union_n of_o part_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o size_n since_o in_o this_o experiment_n the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v modify_v anew_o form_n a_o solid_a body_n of_o very_o different_a quality_n from_o what_o belong_v to_o it_o before_o as_o want_v of_o transparency_n solidity_n etc._n etc._n powder_n how_o water_n acquire_v the_o form_n of_o a_o solid_a powder_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o be_v so_o modify_v anew_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n and_o rub_v upon_o one_o another_o by_o violent_a occursion_n may_v be_v so_o alter_v and_o adapt_v as_o to_o stick_v together_o and_o to_o form_v several_a little_a moleculae_fw-la which_o be_v more_o condense_v and_o consequent_o heavy_a than_o water_n
observe_v that_o though_o such_o vacuity_n be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v fluid_a body_n yet_o they_o be_v only_o so_o to_o use_v school-term_n as_o removens_fw-la prohibens_fw-la i._n e._n they_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o must_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o a_o plenitude_n viz._n want_v of_o liberty_n to_o move_v or_o in_o other_o word_n as_o they_o dispose_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n to_o yield_v to_o each_o other_o motion_n and_o here_o i_o will_v note_n that_o though_o in_o most_o liquid_a body_n this_o doctrine_n may_v take_v place_n yet_o i_o conceive_v it_o not_o altogether_o absurd_a to_o question_v whether_o matter_n may_v not_o be_v so_o exquisite_o agitate_a and_o divide_v as_o to_o fill_v up_o these_o vacuity_n and_o to_o be_v squeeze_v into_o any_o figure_n as_o occasion_n require_v but_o not_o to_o spend_v time_n in_o examine_v this_o point_n at_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v proceed_v fluidity_n a_o perpetual_a motion_n if_o part_v requisite_a to_o fluidity_n 3._o to_o the_o principal_a and_o last_o requisite_a in_o modify_v a_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v that_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n shall_v be_v separately_z and_o various_o move_v up_o and_o down_o either_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o subtle_a matter_n diffuse_v through_o their_o substance_n or_o a_o inherent_a quality_n of_o their_o own_o for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o solid_a and_o fluid_a body_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o not_o so_o apt_a to_o yield_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o one_o finger_n as_o the_o part_n of_o liquids_n be_v which_o be_v in_o motion_n since_o the_o latter_a be_v already_o agitate_a to_o and_o fro_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o guide_v that_o motion_n than_o to_o put_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n into_o motion_n who_o part_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n must_v be_v at_o rest_n till_o move_v by_o a_o agent_n powerful_a enough_o to_o put_v 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experiment_n salt-petre_n then_o may_v become_v a_o fluid_a body_n either_o by_o have_v the_o particle_n of_o it_o dissolve_v in_o water_n so_o that_o they_o may_v move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o external_n agent_n as_o the_o other_o part_n of_o that_o liquid_a do_v or_o it_o may_v put_v on_o a_o liquid_a form_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n where_o by_o run_a per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la the_o salt-petre_n will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o put_v on_o so_o far_o the_o form_n of_o a_o liquid_a as_o to_o have_v all_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n sufficient_a to_o rank_v it_o among_o fluid_a body_n but_o salt-petre_n may_v put_v on_o a_o liquid_a form_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o liquid_a body_n as_o first_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o fine_a a_o powder_n as_o to_o resemble_v a_o liquid_a in_o the_o pour_v of_o it_o out_o of_o one_o vessel_n into_o another_o beside_o the_o other_o requisite_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n viz._n that_o it_o have_v vacuity_n betwixt_o its_o part_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o put_v into_o motion_n only_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o part_n of_o liquid_n in_o some_o respect_n since_o the_o powder_n have_v not_o its_o part_n always_o in_o motion_n beside_o the_o vacuity_n be_v more_o sensible_a but_o notwithstanding_o if_o by_o the_o force_n of_o fire_n each_o of_o these_o part_n be_v again_o subdivide_v those_o insensible_a corpuscle_n be_v violent_o agitate_a make_v up_o a_o fluid_a body_n so_o the_o particle_n of_o metal_n be_v by_o the_o same_o agent_n separate_v and_o put_v into_o motion_n do_v not_o only_o move_v various_o one_o among_o another_o but_o be_v sometime_o toss_v a_o considerable_a height_n into_o the_o air._n and_o not_o only_a fire_n but_o some_o other_o body_n which_o be_v sensible_o cold_a may_v provide_v the_o texture_n and_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n be_v right_o dispose_v reduce_v several_a substance_n to_o a_o liquid_a form_n so_o camphire_n put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o a_o oil_n when_o swim_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o when_o salt-petre_n be_v by_o the_o action_n of_o fire_n endow_v with_o a_o fluid_a form_n it_o be_v equal_o a_o fluid_a as_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o state_n of_o nitre_n only_o that_o in_o the_o former_a the_o agent_n which_o keep_v the_o nitrous_a part_n in_o motion_n be_v more_o volatile_a and_o brisk_a and_o divide_v it_o into_o small_a part_n without_o make_v a_o addition_n to_o its_o bulk_n but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v a_o scruple_n whether_o the_o powder_n of_o nitre_n be_v a_o imperfect_a fluid_n when_o pour_v out_o or_o rather_o like_o a_o heap_n of_o sand_n not_o reduce_v to_o a_o permanent_a state_n of_o fluidity_n to_o remove_v this_o scruple_n we_o may_v take_v powder_n of_o alabaster_n or_o instead_o of_o it_o plaster_n of_o paris_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o by_o put_v it_o into_o a_o hot_a vessel_n by_o the_o continue_a action_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o part_n of_o that_o powder_n will_v be_v so_o agitate_a and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o more_o spirituous_a part_n keep_v in_o motion_n as_o to_o boil_v and_o emit_v steam_n like_o a_o fluid_a body_n and_o altogether_o resemble_v a_o coherent_a substance_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o fire_n it_o again_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o powder_n though_o for_o once_o again_o it_o will_v assume_v the_o form_n of_o a_o liquid_a if_o expose_v to_o a_o competent_a degree_n of_o fire_n yet_o when_o the_o ebullition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v most_o violent_a if_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v throw_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o very_a fine_a powder_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o fluidity_n depend_v on_o a_o vehement_a and_o various_a agitation_n of_o part_n which_o fluidity_n the_o same_o body_n may_v be_v deprive_v of_o by_o lose_v that_o intestine_a motion_n on_o what_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fluids_n depend_v on_o and_o thus_o it_o brief_o appear_v how_o much_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o fluidity_n of_o body_n and_o here_o though_o it_o will_v be_v very_o desirable_a to_o determine_v what_o be_v the_o essential_a cause_n of_o that_o motion_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o too_o much_o intricacy_n it_o be_v by_o some_o hold_v to_o be_v inherent_a in_o matter_n and_o by_o other_o to_o be_v promote_v by_o impulse_n i_o shall_v rather_o pass_v it_o by_o than_o enter_v upon_o a_o examination_n of_o those_o two_o point_n especial_o since_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o discuss_v other_o which_o equal_o relate_v to_o the_o cartesian_a principle_n it_o may_v therefore_o suffice_v in_o short_a that_o neglect_v the_o unintelligible_a doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n we_o rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o those_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n motion_n shape_n and_o situation_n but_o to_o omit_v what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v concern_v these_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n we_o shall_v observe_v what_o this_o experiment_n further_o afford_v we_o we_o be_v therefore_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n remarkable_a betwixt_o a_o fluid_a and_o a_o body_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o wet_n body_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o since_o every_o wet_a body_n be_v fluid_a but_o not_o vice_fw-la versâ_fw-la for_o air_n flame_n melt_v liquor_n or_o salt-petre_n though_o fluid_a be_v all_o void_a of_o a_o wet_n quality_n quality_n humidity_n a_o relative_n quality_n whence_o we_o be_v lead_v to_o consider_v that_o humidity_n be_v but_o a_o relative_n quality_n depend_v on_o the_o congruity_n that_o one_o body_n
those_o vapour_n which_o swim_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n opacous_a a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v yield_v a_o liquor_n diaphanous_a and_o another_o opacous_a have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v one_o experiment_n which_o show_v how_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o the_o one_o diaphanous_a and_o the_o other_o opacous_a pour_v into_o a_o warm_a solution_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o quicksilver_n with_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la about_o half_a a_o ounce_n or_o a_o ounce_n of_o file_n of_o lead_n be_v cautious_a that_o it_o be_v not_o put_v in_o so_o fast_o as_o to_o make_v the_o liquor_n boyl_n over_o the_o event_n of_o which_o will_v be_v that_o the_o lead_n will_v be_v immediate_o precipitate_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o white_a powder_n the_o mercury_n run_v together_o again_o into_o a_o fluid_a body_n immerse_v in_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o success_n of_o this_o experiment_n be_v frustrate_v the_o mercury_n may_v by_o degree_n be_v again_o recover_v if_o the_o white_a precipitate_v be_v diligent_o ground_n for_o some_o time_n with_o water_n body_n motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n but_o to_o put_v a_o conclusion_n to_o this_o chapter_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o not_o only_o fluid_a but_o some_o consistent_a body_n have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o motion_n whence_o as_o we_o may_v conjecture_v proceed_v that_o dust_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o putrefaction_n in_o some_o sort_n of_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v not_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o worm_n in_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o maggot_n in_o cheese_n derive_v their_o original_a and_o that_o there_o be_v motion_n among_o the_o part_n of_o some_o consistent_a body_n be_v further_a make_v probable_a both_o by_o that_o turpentine_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o sweat_v out_o of_o deal_v board_n and_o the_o growth_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o other_o consistent_a part_n of_o body_n but_o more_o particular_o in_o those_o of_o cold_a animal_n substance_n as_o oyster-shell_n crabs-claw_n and_o such_o like_a consistent_a substance_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o concern_v fluidity_n it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o liquids_n their_o fluidity_n be_v sometime_o promote_v and_o also_o sometime_o destroy_v but_o since_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n sometime_o or_o other_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n i_o shall_v to_o close_v this_o chapter_n add_v a_o experiment_n which_o may_v intimate_v that_o the_o event_n of_o mixture_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a the_o experiment_n be_v the_o follow_v we_o evaporate_v a_o solution_n of_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n from_o whence_o we_o obtain_v a_o vitriol_n of_o a_o lovely_a colour_n we_o likewise_o dissolve_v one_o part_n of_o good_a tin_n in_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o though_o salt-petre_n as_o well_o as_o tin_n be_v both_o fusible_a yet_o this_o metalline_a mixture_n will_v neither_o melt_v on_o quick_a coal_n nor_o in_o a_o red_a hot_a crucible_n whereas_o the_o vitriol_n of_o copper_n will_v melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o one_o hand_n though_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v much_o more_o hard_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o fusion_n than_o lead_v or_o even_o silver_n itself_o and_o we_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v such_o a_o vitriol_n as_o may_v be_v preserve_v in_o a_o fluid_a form_n by_o the_o languid_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n either_o with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o a_o certain_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o composition_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a consistence_n of_o the_o ingredient_n chap._n xii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluids_n especial_o of_o liquor_n contiguous_a to_o other_o liquor_n consider_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v make_v of_o fluid_a body_n especial_o if_o according_o to_o the_o cartesian_a hypothesis_n the_o sun_n and_o fix_v star_n consist_v of_o fluids_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v only_o hint_v at_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o follow_a experiment_n make_v about_o the_o superficial_a figure_n of_o fluid_a body_n may_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o illustrate_v as_o well_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v as_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o fluid_a body_n beside_o they_o may_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n in_o account_v for_o several_a phaenomena_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a system_n of_o the_o world_n experiment_n i._o and_o ii_o liquor_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o nitrous_a liquor_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o fluids_n contain_v in_o a_o pipe_n be_v whole_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o contiguous_a air_n i_o pour_v dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o a_o strong_a alkalizate_n menstrum_fw-la which_o be_v make_v of_o fix_a nitre_n run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a cellar_n and_o contain_v in_o a_o cylinder_n of_o glass_n of_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n i_o find_v that_o the_o menstrum_fw-la change_v its_o concave_n for_o a_o horizontal_a superficies_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v in_o a_o glass_n of_o a_o much_o great_a diameter_n and_o that_o superficial_a cavity_n be_v likewise_o almost_o destroy_v by_o pour_v on_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iii_o water_n of_o water_n if_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a liquor_n common_a water_n be_v put_v into_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n it_o retain_v its_o former_a surface_n though_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n swim_v upon_o it_o instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n experiment_n iu._n to_o try_v what_o surface_n will_v be_v make_v by_o a_o oil_n heavy_a than_o water_n turpentine_n of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o i_o put_v pure_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n which_o it_o have_v whilst_o the_o air_n be_v contiguous_a become_v convex_a and_o protuberant_a upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n experiment_n v._n etc._n the_o superficies_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n again_o have_v put_v salt_n of_o tartar_n deliquate_v into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n and_o pour_v oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la upon_o it_o we_o find_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v by_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o have_v gentle_o pour_v water_n upon_o these_o two_o the_o oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la swim_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n at_o each_o end_n that_o next_o the_o oil_n of_o tartar_n be_v most_o protuberant_a experiment_n vi._n cloves_n of_o oil_n of_o cloves_n have_v likewise_o put_v oil_n of_o clove_n into_o a_o glass_n cylinder_n by_o pour_v water_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v concave_a superficies_n present_o become_v convex_a and_o this_o oil_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o swim_v upon_o water_n we_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n pour_v upon_o it_o likewise_o a_o little_a common_a water_n which_o be_v do_v we_o find_v the_o oil_n protuberant_a at_o both_o end_n but_o more_o at_o that_o which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o water_n experiment_n vii_o again_o have_v put_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o quicksilver_n into_o a_o pipe_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n quicksilver_n of_o quicksilver_n but_o much_o long_a than_o the_o former_a we_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o which_o be_v otherwise_o considerable_o protuberant_a be_v in_o some_o measure_n depress_v when_o water_n instead_o of_o air_n be_v contiguous_a to_o it_o experiment_n viii_o same_o of_o the_o same_o upon_o trial_n whether_o a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o water_n will_v alter_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n i_o find_v that_o the_o great_a the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v the_o more_o it_o be_v depress_v though_o it_o do_v not_o always_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o cylinder_n be_v of_o a_o considerable_a length_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n the_o mercury_n contiguous_a to_o the_o glass_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o level_n have_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o superficies_n a_o protuberance_n semicircular_a and_o raise_v above_o the_o other_o level_a surface_n half_a its_o diameter_n which_o protuberance_n gradual_o subside_v as_o the_o mercury_n be_v draw_v off_o experiment_n ix_o boyliano_fw-it the_o surface_n of_o liquor_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it have_v convey_v two_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a cylinder_v one_o contain_v water_n and_o the_o other_o mercury_n into_o our_o pneumatical_a receiver_n
that_o the_o compact_a texture_n of_o glass_n may_v depend_v on_o a_o like_a juxta-position_n of_o part_n since_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o make_n of_o it_o may_v so_o divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n as_o to_o render_v they_o subtle_a enough_o for_o so_o strict_a and_o close_a a_o union_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o exclude_v air_n from_o betwixt_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o obvious_a that_o air_n can_v penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o it_o when_o heat_v in_o distillation_n but_o in_o blow_v of_o glass_n where_o it_o have_v not_o the_o least_o vent_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o though_o impel_v with_o force_n yet_o its_o pore_n be_v fine_a enough_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n and_o likewise_o to_o the_o fine_a effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n without_o damage_v the_o texture_n of_o it_o in_o the_o least_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v more_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_a or_o ice_n be_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n join_v together_o by_o a_o juxta-position_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o have_v make_v this_o short_a digression_n though_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o necessary_a since_o the_o same_o may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o air_n consider_v bare_o as_o a_o weight_n for_o the_o air_n be_v a_o fluid_a body_n and_o press_v by_o its_o gravity_n towards_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o diffuse_v itself_o every_o way_n when_o resist_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o expand_v itself_o orbicular_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o it_o be_v virtual_o incumbent_a on_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o glass_n whatever_o separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o must_v outbalance_v that_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o air_n betwixt_o the_o two_o glass_n they_o must_v needs_o stick_v together_o but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o these_o two_o glass_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o horizon_n since_o if_o they_o be_v perpendicular_a the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n have_v a_o collateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n press_v against_o they_o and_o consequent_o the_o difficulty_n must_v be_v as_o great_a to_o separate_v they_o but_o to_o try_v more_o exact_o how_o much_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n we_o take_v two_o polish_a marble_n as_o smooth_a as_o we_o can_v get_v and_o fasten_v wire_n to_o the_o uppermost_a so_o that_o the_o low_a can_v not_o slide_v off_o the_o other_o horizontal_o but_o if_o any_o way_n must_v fall_v perpendicular_o which_o caution_n be_v observe_v we_o find_v the_o one_o will_v not_o only_o draw_v up_o the_o other_o but_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n fix_v to_o it_o with_o 16_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o complete_a we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o stone_n be_v wet_a with_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o air_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o stone_n the_o uppermost_a will_v not_o only_o draw_v up_o the_o other_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n but_o a_o hundred_o and_o sometime_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n though_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stone_n exceed_v not_o a_o inch_n and_o two_o three_o but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o oil_n of_o sweet_a almond_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o find_v that_o it_o take_v up_o above_o four_o hundred_o ounce_n troy_n weight_n and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v that_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o more_o clammy_a part_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o cause_v the_o stone_n to_o adhere_v more_o close_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o contiguous_a surface_n be_v hold_v perpendicular_a though_o they_o will_v easy_o slide_v off_o each_o other_o when_o moisten_v with_o oil_n yet_o will_v they_o not_o slip_v down_o when_o moisten_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n without_o a_o additional_a weight_n join_v to_o one_o of_o they_o the_o protuberance_n of_o one_o perhaps_o be_v fasten_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o other_o but_o to_o show_v that_o the_o adhesion_n of_o these_o polish_a marble_n be_v proportionable_o great_a as_o the_o diameter_n of_o they_o be_v large_a and_o consequent_o as_o they_o be_v press_v together_o by_o a_o large_a pillar_n of_o air_n i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o take_v up_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o ounce_n but_o when_o i_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o almond_n the_o weight_n raise_v be_v much_o more_o considerable_a be_v a_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o forty_o four_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n beside_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o marble_n be_v observe_v to_o stick_v close_o together_o and_o here_o again_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v suspect_v that_o the_o oil_n make_v the_o adhesion_n more_o close_o i_o shall_v relate_v this_o observation_n viz._n that_o though_o it_o require_v so_o great_a a_o weight_n to_o separate_v these_o stone_n when_o their_o contiguous_a surface_n be_v in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n yet_o will_v they_o easy_o slide_v one_o upon_o another_o not_o unlike_o the_o contiguous_a glass_n before_o mention_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o if_o they_o be_v the_o least_o incline_v either_o this_o way_n or_o that_o their_o own_o weight_n be_v sufficient_a to_o separate_v they_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o air_n may_v be_v concern_v in_o compress_v the_o particle_n of_o solid_a body_n together_o and_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v further_o object_v that_o the_o cohesion_n of_o these_o stone_n rather_o proceed_v from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n than_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v these_o consideration_n first_o that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o same_o reason_n will_v hold_v when_o a_o much_o more_o considerable_a weight_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o low_a marble_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o then_o notwithstanding_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n they_o present_o part_v second_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o it_o which_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plausible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o the_o stone_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o will_v require_v as_o much_o force_n to_o separate_v the_o uppermost_a from_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n as_o to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n aequiponderant_fw-la with_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o it_o since_o there_o be_v neither_o air_n nor_o any_o other_o body_n betwixt_o the_o two_o stone_n to_o help_v to_o raise_v the_o low_o up_o and_o in_o part_n to_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphaere_n and_o therefore_o it_o need_v not_o seem_v strange_a that_o when_o the_o low_a marble_n and_o the_o weight_n affix_v to_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o balance_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n it_o shall_v rise_v along_o with_o the_o uppermost_a when_o draw_v up_o rather_o than_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o since_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o two_o body_n when_o join_v together_o to_o move_v the_o same_o way_n if_o they_o be_v not_o separate_v by_o weight_n or_o some_o other_o force_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o try_v of_o loadstone_n for_o if_o the_o loadstone_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o body_n more_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o the_o knife_n will_v as_o soon_o raise_v the_o loadstone_n as_o the_o loadstone_n will_v lift_v up_o the_o knife_n to_o illustrate_v what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n register_v among_o my_o adversaria_fw-la which_o be_v this_o viz._n have_v immerge_v a_o glass_n syphon_n with_o a_o brass_n valve_v cement_v on_o one_o end_n almost_o half_a a_o yard_n in_o a_o tall_a cucurbite_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o bottom_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o in_o the_o cucurbite_n which_o be_v do_v i_o take_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n put_v a_o ounce_n weight_n into_o one_o scale_n and_o fix_v a_o string_n to_o the_o other_o one_o end_n of_o the_o string_n be_v likewise_o fasten_v to_o the_o valve_n fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o single_a ounce_n i_o be_v able_a to_o open_v the_o valve_n whereas_o when_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o it_o be_v immerse_v again_o the_o valve_n will_v not_o be_v open_v
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hand_n if_o in_o the_o summer_n a_o hair_n be_v but_o blow_v upon_o my_o face_n and_o continue_v there_o long_o it_o will_v put_v i_o into_o convulsion_n and_o cause_n i_o to_o faint_v medium_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o different_a medium_n but_o to_o determine_v another_o member_n of_o this_o proposition_n viz._n whether_o motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o several_a medium_n or_o terminate_v at_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v begin_v in_o i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o cause_v a_o glass-receiver_n to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o button_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o internal_a superficies_n which_o be_v uppermost_a and_o suspend_v a_o watch_n by_o a_o chain_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o soft_a body_n fasten_v upon_o
the_o button_n i_o lute_v on_o a_o receiver_n to_o prevent_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n yet_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o watch_n may_v be_v percive_v by_o hold_v one_o ear_n over_o that_o place_n where_o the_o watch_n be_v suspend_v and_o i_o have_v often_o feel_v not_o only_o the_o strike_n of_o a_o watch_n include_v in_o a_o double_a case_n when_o i_o have_v wear_v it_o in_o my_o pocket_n but_o even_o the_o gentle_a motion_n of_o the_o balance_n to_o the_o foregoing_a instance_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o upon_o sudden_a clap_n of_o thunder_n the_o very_a bed_n have_v be_v perceive_v to_o shake_v by_o those_o that_o lay_v upon_o they_o and_o agricola_n de_fw-fr nat._n eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la fluunt_fw-la è_fw-la terra_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o say_v si_fw-mi animal_n deijicitur_fw-la in_o antrum_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la in_o carelia_n region_fw-la scandiae_fw-la erumpit_fw-la ut_fw-la perhibent_fw-la sonus_fw-la intolerabilis_fw-la magno_fw-la cum_fw-la flatu_fw-la si_fw-mi leave_n pondus_fw-la in_o specum_fw-la dalmatiae_fw-la quamvis_fw-la inquit_fw-la plinius_n tranquillo_fw-la die_fw-la turbini_fw-la similis_fw-la emicat_fw-la procella_fw-la but_o there_o be_v still_o some_o who_o be_v unwilling_a to_o believe_v that_o motion_n be_v propagable_a through_o liquid_a body_n at_o least_o to_o any_o considerable_a distance_n because_o of_o the_o easy_a session_n of_o their_o part_n but_o the_o contrary_a easy_o appear_v if_o we_o allow_v of_o the_o corpuscular_a notion_n of_o light_n by_o consider_v not_o only_a how_o far_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n be_v impel_v and_o propagate_v from_o a_o small_a light_n but_o from_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o be_v place_v at_o so_o immense_a a_o distance_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n not_o so_o liable_a to_o objection_n that_o the_o part_n of_o liquids_n though_o in_o motion_n and_o separate_a one_o from_o another_o may_v communicate_v motion_n and_o propagate_v it_o a_o 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propagate_v much_o further_o than_o we_o think_v of_o for_o though_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o beyond_o the_o place_n where_o we_o stand_v yet_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o echo_n that_o the_o undulate_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v continue_v a_o good_a way_n further_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o it_o be_v continue_v further_a than_o the_o place_n where_o the_o echo_n be_v make_v since_o the_o learned_a fromundus_n professor_n of_o philosophy_n at_o louvain_n in_o the_o year_n 1627._o say_v that_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o ostend_n the_o noise_n of_o the_o cannon_n be_v hear_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o english_a mile_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o verenius_n geogr._n gen._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 19_o relate_v as_o observe_v by_o traelichius_n at_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n in_o hungary_n his_o word_n be_v these_o explosi_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la summitate_fw-la sclopetum_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la majorem_fw-la sonitum_fw-la primò_fw-la prae_fw-la se_fw-la tulit_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la tegillum_fw-la aut_fw-la bacillum_fw-la confregissem_fw-la post_fw-la intervallum_fw-la autem_fw-la temporis_fw-la murmur_n prolixum_fw-la invaluit_fw-la inferioresque_fw-la montis_fw-la part_n convalles_fw-la &_o sylvas_fw-la opplevit_fw-la descendendo_fw-la per_fw-la nives_fw-la annoso_n intra_fw-la convalles_fw-la cum_fw-la iterum_fw-la sclopetum_fw-la exonerarem_fw-la major_a ac_fw-la horribilior_fw-la fragor_fw-la quam_fw-la ex_fw-la tormento_n capacissimo_fw-la inde_fw-la exoriebatur_fw-la hinc_fw-la verebar_fw-la ne_fw-la totus_fw-la mons_fw-la concussus_fw-la mecum_fw-la correveret_fw-la duravitque_fw-la hic_fw-la sonus_n per_fw-la semiquadrantem_fw-la horae_fw-la usque_fw-la dum_fw-la abstrusissimas_fw-la cavernas_fw-la penetrasset_fw-la ad_fw-la quas_fw-la herundique_fw-la multiplicatus_fw-la resiliit_fw-la &_o talia_fw-la quidem_fw-la objecta_fw-la concava_fw-la in_o summitate_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la illico_fw-la offerebant_fw-la idcireo_fw-la fere_n insensibiliter_fw-la primum_fw-la sonus_n repercutiebatur_fw-la donec_fw-la descendendo_fw-la antris_fw-la &_o convallibus_fw-la vicinior_fw-la factus_fw-la ad_fw-la eas_fw-la fortius_fw-la impegit_fw-la v._o the_o effect_n of_o the_o particular_a modification_n of_o the_o invisible_a motion_n of_o fluids_n v._n prop._n v._n on_o animal_n body_n dispose_v to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o they_o be_v not_o usual_o sufficient_o note_v though_o it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o the_o impulse_n of_o so_o slight_a and_o languid_a part_n of_o matter_n as_o those_o of_o air_n shall_v by_o their_o motion_n produce_v any_o sensible_a effect_n yet_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o number_n of_o those_o part_n succeed_v each_o other_o it_o be_v less_o to_o be_v admire_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o their_o joynt-action_n shall_v be_v considerable_a since_o we_o see_v that_o a_o pendulum_n of_o a_o clock_n be_v continue_v in_o a_o swing_a motion_n by_o a_o very_a languid_a force_n and_o the_o air_n may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o motion_n so_o powerful_a either_o by_o the_o vibration_n of_o the_o string_n or_o the_o mechanical_a form_n of_o a_o musical_a instrument_n or_o scrape_v the_o edge_n of_o a_o knife_n upon_o metal_n as_o to_o cause_v a_o involuntary_a excretion_n of_o urine_n upon_o a_o body_n right_o dispose_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o a_o knight_n of_o gascony_n or_o to_o cause_v that_o effect_n which_o be_v usual_o term_v set_v the_o tooth_n on_o edge_n beside_o which_o instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o so_o languid_a a_o motion_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v a_o servant_n who_o gum_n will_v present_o bleed_v upon_o tear_v of_o brown_a paper_n and_o sir_n henry_n blount_n as_o well_o as_o kircherus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n the_o former_a have_v observe_v in_o grand_a cairo_n in_o egypt_n a_o nest_n of_o serpent_n which_o upon_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o citron_n will_v present_o crawl_v out_o of_o their_o nest_n and_o upon_o a_o cessation_n of_o that_o sound_n run_v away_o again_o as_o fast_o and_o the_o latter_a tell_v we_o of_o a_o fish_n about_o the_o strait_n which_o divide_v sicily_n and_o italy_n which_o will_v be_v entice_v to_o follow_v the_o ship_n which_o pass_v by_o that_o way_n by_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o musical_a instrument_n and_o that_o these_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o disposition_n in_o those_o body_n to_o be_v work_v on_o by_o such_o sound_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o a_o man_n be_v soon_o affect_v and_o awake_v out_o of_o sleep_n by_o the_o agreeable_a sound_n of_o his_o own_o name_n than_o any_o other_o and_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o gentle_a if_o a_o surprise_v sound_n be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a which_o will_v raise_v a_o body_n from_o the_o ground_n which_o can_v not_o be_v so_o poise_v with_o some_o hundred_o of_o weight_n but_o the_o most_o eminent_a instance_n be_v in_o person_n bite_v by_o a_o tarantula_n who_o upon_o the_o play_v of_o a_o peculiar_a tune_n be_v compel_v to_o dance_v as_o long_o as_o it_o continue_v though_o other_o tune_n have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o they_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o relation_n be_v confirm_v both_o by_o epiphanius_n ferdinandus_n and_o several_a other_o and_o i_o be_v acquaint_v with_o one_o who_o tell_v i_o that_o a_o certain_a lady_n can_v not_o forbear_v weep_v when_o she_o hear_v a_o particular_a tune_n play_v and_o i_o have_v find_v several_a time_n a_o sort_n of_o chillness_n upon_o myself_o upon_o the_o repetition_n of_o two_o verse_n in_o lucan_n especial_o when_o i_o have_v be_v any_o thing_n feverish_a to_o which_o instance_n of_o the_o great_a effect_n of_o languid_a motion_n may_v be_v add_v what_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la the_o ray_n of_o light_n cause_v those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o dark_a place_n present_o to_o sneeze_v and_o colour_n which_o be_v but_o several_a modification_n of_o light_n have_v not_o less_o considerable_a effect_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o influence_n red_a cloth_n have_v upon_o turkey-cock_n and_o the_o learned_a valesius_fw-la
thing_n which_o have_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o hydrostatician_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea-salt_n to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n which_o i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o two_o to_o one_o and_o i_o likewise_o find_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o sal_fw-la gemm_n which_o be_v more_o pure_a and_o weighty_a than_o sea-salt_n be_v to_o its_o bulk_n of_o water_n about_o as_o 2_o 2_o 8_o to_o 1._o chap._n viii_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n the_o use_n of_o mineral_n water_n be_v so_o universal_a and_o the_o method_n which_o some_o physician_n take_v to_o try_v they_o so_o slight_a that_o though_o i_o be_o satisfy_v it_o be_v difficult_a without_o experience_n to_o ascribe_v virtue_n to_o they_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o mineral_n which_o may_v impregnate_n they_o with_o particle_n of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a nature_n i_o can_v but_o think_v but_o that_o if_o we_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o quaeres_fw-la and_o several_a method_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o they_o more_o nice_a trial_n may_v much_o contribute_v to_o the_o clear_n up_o of_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n since_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o metalline_a salt_n with_o which_o mineral_n water_n be_v impregnate_v may_v be_v discover_v wherefore_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o such_o sort_n of_o experiment_n that_o may_v be_v most_o easy_o try_v viz._n chief_o chemical_a one_o which_o may_v be_v make_v at_o home_n without_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o attend_v those_o mineral_n fountain_n from_o whence_o they_o spring_v and_o because_o my_o design_n be_v rather_o to_o improve_v physic_n by_o the_o follow_a observation_n than_o to_o entertain_v speculative_a naturalist_n i_o have_v chief_o make_v it_o my_o business_n in_o the_o follow_a paper_n to_o consider_v those_o water_n call_v acidulae_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o term_v thermae_n because_o the_o former_a be_v of_o more_o general_a use_n water_n the_o danger_n of_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o mineral_n water_n but_o perhaps_o some_o may_v think_v that_o the_o quares_n hereafter_o propound_v may_v be_v too_o troublesome_a and_o more_o than_o requisite_a since_o the_o use_v of_o mineneral_a water_n be_v think_v so_o innocent_a as_o to_o be_v of_o no_o ill_a consequence_n if_o unsuccesful_a to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o when_o skilful_o give_v they_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o good_a yet_o they_o be_v as_o prejudicial_a if_o unskilful_o prescribe_v and_o therefore_o since_o there_o can_v be_v too_o much_o caution_n we_o can_v be_v too_o inquisitive_a to_o inform_v ourselves_o of_o their_o virtue_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a many_o hide_a quality_n in_o they_o and_o they_o may_v be_v impregnate_v with_o several_a metalline_a property_n which_o may_v not_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o by_o common_a trial_n beside_o be_v such_o experiment_n industrious_o prosecute_v they_o may_v help_v to_o discover_v several_a other_o quality_n in_o mineral_n water_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o unknown_a for_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o earth_n which_o abound_v with_o mineral_n of_o a_o martial_a nature_n may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o impregnate_n subterraneal_a water_n than_o we_o can_v otherwise_o imagine_v for_o upon_o pour_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n filtrate_v through_o cap-paper_n upon_o file_n of_o steel_n gall_n the_o effect_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n in_o a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n the_o liquor_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n become_v opacous_a and_o almost_o as_o black_a as_o ink_n the_o like_a phaenomena_n to_o which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o steel_n in_o a_o infusion_n of_o brasil_n or_o log-wood_n make_v in_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o several_a water_n have_v be_v discover_v under_o ground_n of_o very_o different_a taste_n some_o of_o which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v corrosive_a and_o other_o as_o harmless_a be_v endow_v with_o several_a medicinal_a and_o useful_a quality_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v more_o particular_o of_o one_o which_o be_v a_o mine_n of_o coral_n in_o devonshire_n about_o 360_o foot_n deep_a in_o which_o be_v find_v a_o water_n very_o thick_a and_o red_a yet_o cool_a and_o diuretic_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o nauseous_a to_o the_o taste_n chap._n ix_o title_n propose_v for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n consider_v whilst_o in_o their_o proper_a channel_n water_n query_n in_o order_n to_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o order_n to_o a_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_n in_o three_o different_a capacity_n first_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o natural_a receptacle_n second_o when_o draw_v up_o for_o use_n and_o three_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o effect_n on_o human_a body_n to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o head_n the_o follow_a quaeres_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v 1._o within_o the_o precinct_n of_o what_o climate_n or_o parallel_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o mineral_n water_n be_v to_o be_v find_v 2._o to_o what_o point_n these_o water_n lie_v open_v most_o in_o their_o receptacle_n 3._o whether_o the_o ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v be_v a_o plain_a or_o how_o much_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o plain_a 4._o if_o the_o ground_n be_v upon_o a_o ascent_n how_o far_o they_o be_v from_o the_o botttom_n of_o that_o ascent_n 5._o whether_o a_o recrementitious_a substance_n adhere_v to_o stone_n long_o contiguous_a to_o these_o water_n 6._o whether_o subterraneal_a fire_n be_v near_o such_o water_n and_o what_o phaenomena_n such_o exhibit_v 7._o whether_o brimstone_n or_o salarmoniack_a etc._n etc._n be_v find_v about_o the_o vent_v of_o such_o subterraneal_a fire_n 8._o whether_o instead_o of_o subterraneal_a fire_n there_o be_v other_o adjacent_a aestuary_n and_o whether_o such_o be_v constant_a or_o intermit_a and_o if_o so_o whether_o periodical_a or_o irregular_a 9_o whether_o mineral_n fume_n of_o particular_a colour_n or_o smell_v arise_v from_o such_o aestuary_n 10._o of_o what_o temper_n the_o neighbour_a as_o well_o as_o the_o soil_n they_o pass_v through_o be_v of_o 11._o whether_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n those_o mineral_n be_v of_o which_o they_o pass_v through_o 12._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v original_o fresh_a and_o derive_v their_o virtue_n from_o the_o soil_n they_o afterward_o pass_v through_o 13._o whether_o if_o it_o acquire_v its_o virtue_n so_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o impregnation_n any_o effervescence_n or_o whether_o any_o such_o effect_v succeed_v its_o mixture_n with_o another_o liquor_n 14._o whether_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n near_o it_o viz._n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a as_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n 15._o whether_o a_o oily_a or_o bituminous_a inflammable_a substance_n float_v in_o it_o 16._o whether_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o temperature_n of_o the_o wether_n alter_v they_o and_o what_o quality_n they_o lose_v or_o acquire_v by_o such_o for_o after_o rain_n i_o have_v observe_v such_o water_n incapable_a of_o turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gall_n black_a but_o as_o to_o its_o medicinal_a virtue_n i_o have_v find_v that_o rain_n after_o long_a drought_n have_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v their_o strength_n by_o dissolve_v and_o dilute_v those_o salt_n which_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o want_v of_o a_o vehicle_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v weak_a and_o the_o rain_n much_o those_o salt_n be_v the_o more_o dilute_v render_v the_o water_n less_o effectual_a 17._o whether_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v chemical_o and_o mechanical_o discover_v as_o also_o of_o what_o colour_n and_o weight_n and_o with_o what_o menstruum_v their_o salt_n may_v be_v mix_v and_o likewise_o what_o substance_n they_o will_v yield_v when_o expose_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o fire_n and_o what_o other_o chemical_a trial_n those_o as_o well_o as_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n may_v undergo_v chap._n x._o contain_v title_n for_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o mineral_n water_n when_o draw_v out_o of_o their_o receptacle_n qeaery_n a_o continuation_n of_o qeaery_n 1._o whether_o the_o mineral_n water_n propose_v be_v actual_o hot_a or_o cold_a from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v from_o what_o depth_n those_o water_n rose_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o salt-peter_n or_o salarmoniack_a in_o their_o ascent_n and_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a may_v be_v either_o try_v by_o immerge_v a_o thermoscope_n or_o by_o try_v whether_o they_o will_v coagulate_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n or_o melt_v butter_n 2._o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n which_o be_v
fill_v so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o air_n betwixt_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o mercury_n three_o before_o the_o tube_n be_v quite_o fill_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o invert_v the_o tube_n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o may_v by_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o upon_o a_o re-inversion_n back_o again_o gather_v all_o those_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o mercury_n as_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o another_o and_o to_o drain_v the_o mercury_n more_o exact_o you_o may_v by_o apply_v a_o hot_a iron_n cause_n those_o less_o bubble_n which_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o former_a method_n to_o break_v forth_o which_o will_v be_v promote_v by_o shake_v the_o vessel_n upon_o every_o drop_n of_o mercury_n put_v into_o the_o pipe_n by_o which_o method_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v the_o tube_n of_o air_n i_o have_v in_o one_o that_o be_v pretty_a short_a raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o no_o less_o than_o 30_o digit_n and_o a_o eight_o experiemint_n xviii_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass-cylind_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consider_v have_v fill_v a_o tube_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o with_o mercury_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n in_o the_o window_n i_o observe_v the_o mercury_n be_v sensible_o depress_v in_o hot_a wether_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o swim_v about_o it_o and_o raise_v again_o in_o cold_a the_o altitude_n very_o often_o vary_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n so_o that_o in_o five_o week_n time_n it_o have_v ascend_v and_o descend_v about_o two_o inch_n the_o utmost_a descent_n below_o the_o altitude_n of_o its_o first_o suspension_n be_v 9_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o it_o be_v utmost_a descent_n be_v 7_o 16_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n will_v have_v be_v more_o considerable_a have_v the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o long_a tube_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sensible_a variation_n observe_v in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mereury_n upon_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o determine_v whether_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o cause_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o it_o and_o such_o like_a phaenomena_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o observe_v further_o have_v take_v the_o cylindrical_a tube_n out_o of_o the_o wooden_a frame_n on_o a_o snowy_a day_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v twenty_o nine_o digit_n and_o three_o quarter_n above_o the_o basis_n which_o it_o lean_v on_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v from_o whence_o these_o variation_n in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n proceed_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n suspend_v the_o reason_n why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o suspend_v first_o that_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o strong_a resistance_n to_o the_o rise_a mercury_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o cause_n why_o it_o rise_v no_o high_a because_o the_o asmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v balance_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la for_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n can_v make_v be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v rise_v but_o very_o little_o high_o be_v there_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n second_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o alteration_n and_o change_n than_o the_o internal_a contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o latter_a be_v subject_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o only_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o the_o former_a be_v subject_n to_o many_o and_o considerable_a alteration_n beside_o those_o observable_a in_o this_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o its_o faint_a change_n be_v evident_a by_o their_o effect_n on_o bruise_a and_o feeble_a body_n and_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a change_n in_o the_o air_n air._n considerable_a change_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o kircherus_n during_o his_o stay_n in_o malta_n observe_v concern_v mount_n aetna_n which_o he_o can_v see_v from_o that_o place_n on_o some_o day_n though_o on_o other_o which_o seem_v clear_a the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v it_o and_z thet_z the_o like_a change_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sensible_o alter_v the_o prospect_n of_o several_a place_n be_v too_o common_o know_v to_o need_v further_a instance_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o plentiful_a steam_n and_o exhalation_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o use_n of_o telescope_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v present_o disappear_v and_o that_o such_o steam_n do_v rise_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v often_o too_o sensible_a of_o damp_n which_o except_o timely_o prevent_v make_v the_o air_n so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a as_o to_o put_v out_o their_o very_a candle_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o since_o the_o external_n air_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v alter_v so_o many_o way_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o insensible_a corpuscle_n of_o matter_n its_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o several_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n since_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v its_o pressure_n in_o bodying_n up_o the_o mercury_n must_v according_o be_v vary_v experiment_n xix_o water_n the_o subside_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o our_o receiver_n as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n do_v we_o fill_v a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o it_o which_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o low_a end_n place_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n we_o let_v it_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o close_v it_o up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v as_o to_o leave_v the_o include_v air_n so_o much_o weaken_a in_o its_o spring_n as_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o and_o overpower_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o then_o upon_o every_o suction_n it_o sensible_o subside_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n for_o whereas_o the_o quicksilver_n subside_v till_o it_o fall_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o expanded_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o water_n a_o foot_n high_a but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n the_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v in_o that_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n it_o sensible_o subside_v upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n and_o much_o low_a upon_o the_o second_o and_o sometime_o not_o much_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o the_o water_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o with_o more_o speed_n than_o the_o former_a experiment_n xx._n water_n conceen_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n have_v beside_o a_o notable_a one_o a_o languid_a elater_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n term_v by_o the_o chemist_n a_o phylosophical_a egg_n about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n with_o water_n where_o fix_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n we_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o after_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o water_n sensible_o rise_v upon_o every_o exsuction_n the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n present_o subside_v to_o its_o former_a place_n another_o instance_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n i_o obtain_v by_o fill_v a_o round_a pewter_n vessel_n with_o water_n at_o a_o small_a hole_n which_o be_v stop_v with_o soder_n and_o the_o vessel_n bruise_v in_o several_a place_n to_o compress_v the_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v perforate_v with_o a_o needle_n it_o spin_v out_o with_o force_n enough_o to_o raise_v it_o a_o considerable_a height_n
into_o the_o air._n experiment_n xxi_o same_o concern_v the_o same_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n viol_n with_o water_n which_o contain_v something_o above_o a_o pound_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n about_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o close_v it_o with_o cement_n i_o fill_v the_o pipe_n half_o full_a with_o water_n stick_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o pump_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v a_o while_n above_o sixty_o bubble_n of_o water_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o rise_v quite_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o subside_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o afresh_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o renew_v its_o expansion_n as_o before_o but_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o subside_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o which_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o those_o bubble_n which_o ascend_v last_o be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a either_o because_o their_o part_n be_v more_o expanded_a than_o before_o or_o because_o more_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v unite_v together_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o we_o observe_v that_o they_o ascend_v much_o slow_a than_o before_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o though_o bubble_n be_v usual_o wont_a to_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n encompass_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n yet_o in_o this_o tube_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v convex_a the_o less_o protuberant_a part_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n another_o observation_n which_o occur_v be_v that_o whereas_o those_o bubble_n which_o rise_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o operation_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o they_o pass_v through_o in_o their_o ascent_n these_o latter_a expanded_a bubble_n fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o their_o passage_n raise_v the_o water_n before_o they_o till_o the_o air_n be_v again_o permit_v to_o re-enter_v the_o receiver_n and_o then_o they_o whole_o disappear_v from_o which_o observation_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v infer_v first_o body_n under_o water_n may_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o incumbent_a water_n second_o it_o can_v be_v hence_o infer_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o it_o since_o it_o may_v more_o probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o from_o any_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n expanded_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n xxii_o the_o bubble_n prove_v to_o be_v aerious_a and_o not_o watery_a by_o observe_v the_o like_a bubble_n in_o î_fw-la mercury_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o digression_n whether_o the_o air_n be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v general_o allege_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n in_o the_o forego_n nineteenth_o experiment_n be_v particle_n of_o water_n expanded_a upon_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o real_o part_v of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o water_n because_o upon_o the_o re-enter_v of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o impel_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n but_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o air_n lodge_v above_o it_o almost_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v collect_v together_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n prove_v the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o water_n aerial_a prove_v but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a discovery_n whether_o the_o aforesaid_a bubble_n be_v water_n or_o not_o we_o try_v the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o water_n subside_v upon_o which_o several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n prevent_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n half_o a_o inch_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o bubble_n of_o the_o air_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o we_o be_v further_o persuade_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v aerial_a because_o the_o air_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v without_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n as_o water_v expose_v to_o air_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la usual_o have_v but_o rather_o more_o protuberant_a and_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v real_o make_v up_o of_o aerial_a particle_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v near_o as_o low_a as_o the_o external_a water_n by_o apply_v water_n to_o the_o tube_n which_o contain_v the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n several_a inch_n below_o the_o external_n water_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v before_o expanded_a to_o near_o a_o hundred_o time_n its_o extent_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v further_o expanded_a by_o heat_n but_o i_o be_v yet_o further_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o those_o bubble_n be_v nothing_o but_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n because_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o subside_v water_n yield_v not_o bubble_n as_o before_o except_o a_o few_o small_a one_o when_o it_o be_v near_o pump_v out_o and_o what_o i_o take_v for_o a_o strong_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o mercury_n several_a bubble_n likewise_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o second_o time_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o grow_v big_a and_o big_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n descend_v low_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o body_n pore_n the_o expansion_n of_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o its_o pore_n more_o ponderous_a than_o water_n may_v contain_v aerial_a particle_n in_o its_o pore_n capable_a of_o expand_v themselves_o when_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o compression_n be_v take_v away_o so_o that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n not_o only_o in_o these_o experiment_n but_o also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o
of_o pump_v which_o ascend_v very_o swift_o and_o immediate_o disappear_v at_o the_o top_n first_o lift_v up_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o spirituous_a liquor_n so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o thin_a film_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o bubble_n in_o their_o ascent_n be_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n whereas_o those_o of_o the_o water_n and_o wine_n make_v a_o line_n which_o on_o each_o side_n appear_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o see_v and_o last_o in_o this_o spirit_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o order_n which_o these_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o be_v in_o line_n parallel_v and_o of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o the_o bubble_n likewise_o follow_v each_o other_o in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o bracelet_n one_o end_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o rise_v from_o a_o certain_a point_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n when_o air_n return_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bubble_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n gradual_o subside_v yet_o neither_o that_o nor_o the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n be_v depress_v below_o the_o mark_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n continue_v expanded_a near_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o i_o find_v to_o succeed_v upon_o several_a trial_n experiment_n xxv_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n and_o expansion_n under_o water_n have_v fill_v a_o wide-mouthed_a jar_n with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n we_o sink_v two_o glass-viol_n who_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o eight_o figure_n one_o of_o which_o contain_v just_a so_o much_o of_o a_o ponderous_n mercurial_a mixture_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o cover_v with_o white_a wax_n the_o other_o be_v weigh_v down_o by_o water_n and_o the_o mouth_n be_v downward_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o former_a fill_v three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o latter_a be_v equal_a in_o dimension_n to_o a_o pea._n these_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n at_o the_o last_o so_o many_o bubble_n rise_v up_o to_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o be_v able_a by_o expand_v themselves_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o water_n to_o fly_v out_o and_o make_v the_o viol_n emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o jar_n where_o at_o every_o exsuction_n it_o continue_v to_o expand_v till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o in_o part_n to_o evacuate_v itself_o upon_o which_o it_o present_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o before_o and_o eight_o time_n after_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n but_o when_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o again_o it_o present_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o for_o the_o other_o it_o continue_v at_o the_o bottom_n all_o the_o while_n but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v it_o raise_v itself_o considerable_o but_o about_o sixty_o parcel_n of_o air_n as_o big_a as_o pea_n find_v vent_n and_o get_v out_o it_o present_o subside_v though_o upon_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o rise_v again_o and_o subside_v which_o successive_a ascent_n and_o descent_n it_o continue_v nine_o time_n after_o after_o the_o pump_n cease_v work_v but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o it_o be_v present_o fix_v at_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o experiment_n that_o hydrostatical_a rule_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n if_o it_o be_v light_a than_o its_o equal_a proportion_n in_o bulk_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v likewise_o true_a when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o experiment_n xxvi_o pendulum_n concern_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o be_v usual_o teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n be_v something_o quick_a according_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o move_v in_o be_v thin_a we_o suspend_v one_o which_o weigh_v about_o twenty_o drachm_n in_o our_o receiver_n fix_v it_o to_o the_o cover_n by_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v fix_v another_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n without_o the_o receiver_n we_o give_v they_o both_o a_o equal_a motion_n and_o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o latter_a make_v twenty_o vibration_n the_o former_a count_v twenty_o but_o the_o pendulum_n be_v afterward_o put_v into_o motion_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n before_o it_o be_v exhaust_v continue_v its_o vibration_n to_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n in_o both_o so_o that_o from_o what_o we_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o vibration_n in_o air_n and_o that_o more_o rarify_v medium_fw-la viz._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a experiment_n xxvii_o sound_n concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n it_o have_v be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v but_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o a_o tube_n and_o upon_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la be_v leave_v there_o a_o loadstone_n apply_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n will_v attract_v the_o steel-clapper_n which_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o loadstone_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bell_n and_o cause_v a_o audible_a sound_n he_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v must_v be_v much_o more_o subtle_a than_o the_o air._n but_o to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a we_o suspend_v a_o watch_n in_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o packthread_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o only_o audible_a at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o that_o that_o which_o be_v likewise_o perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n hold_v near_o the_o cover_n be_v different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o sound_n though_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o pendulum_n continue_v its_o motion_n yet_o upon_o admit_v of_o air_n again_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o evince_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o slight_a a_o stroke_n as_o that_o of_o the_o pendulum_n shall_v give_v such_o a_o impulse_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o communicate_v a_o motion_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n strong_a enough_o to_o put_v the_o external_n air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o have_v support_v a_o bell_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o large_a stick_n which_o reach_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sound_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o equal_o as_o sharp_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a variation_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o evince_n that_o a_o subtle_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o propagate_a sound_n no_o more_o than_o air_n however_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n try_v with_o a_o bell_n suspend_v in_o a_o glass-tube_n it_o may_v not_o without_o reason_n be_v suspect_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o whole_o void_a of_o air_n since_o experience_n inform_v we_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fill_v the_o glass-cylind_a so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n void_a of_o air_n since_o the_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n fly_v up_o into_o it_o and_o further_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v the_o principal_a medium_fw-la of_o sound_n we_o may_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o a_o former_a experiment_n that_o though_o upon_o the_o strike_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o our_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v audible_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dead_a than_o when_o make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o like_a variation_n be_v observable_a in_o all_o other_o sound_v make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxviii_o air._n the_o eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o water_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o air._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xxth_z experiment_n viz._n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o pressure_n upon_o body_n encompass_v by_o it_o as_o if_o they_o be_v
be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v but_o moderate_o exhaust_v and_o though_o it_o leak_v considerable_o yet_o the_o weight_n support_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o strange_a that_o its_o pressure_n shall_v be_v so_o considerable_a if_o we_o do_v but_o think_v how_o large_a the_o cylinder_n of_o air_n that_o recoil_v from_o the_o ground_n press_v against_o it_o be_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xxxiii_o concern_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n what_o weight_n will_v draw_v it_o down_o and_o how_o much_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o suction_n etc._n etc._n consider_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n consider_v to_o compute_v more_o exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n we_o impel_v the_o cylinder_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pump_n take_v off_o the_o receiver_n and_o fix_v just_o such_o a_o weight_n to_o one_o of_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o sucker_n as_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o sucker_n impel_v up_o again_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v exact_o stop_v and_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o iron-sucker_n by_o cast_v in_o so_o many_o weight_n as_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v down_o the_o sucker_n we_o be_v true_o inform_v of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o equal_a diameter_n with_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_n by_o which_o method_n we_o find_v that_o the_o sucker_n which_o require_v 28_o pound_n of_o lead_n to_o draw_v it_o down_o be_v not_o draw_v down_o with_o less_o than_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n when_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v stop_v though_o upon_o turn_v of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o let_v in_o air_n it_o will_v ready_o fall_v without_o that_o weight_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o descent_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o buoy_v up_o against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sucker_n sucker_n what_o weight_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v suspend_v at_o the_o sucker_n this_o experiment_n be_v try_v and_o the_o sucker_n be_v forcible_o draw_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o a_o hundred_o pound_v weight_n beside_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o sucker_n which_o be_v not_o a_o little_a admire_v by_o the_o stander-by_n because_o they_o see_v no_o force_n use_v to_o lift_v it_o up_o and_o though_o by_o such_o trial_n we_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v exact_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n yet_o as_o a_o famous_a poet_n say_v est_fw-fr quoddam_fw-la prodire_fw-la tenus_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la ultra_fw-la but_o be_v this_o experiment_n try_v at_o several_a season_n in_o the_o year_n and_o in_o several_a clime_n as_o well_o as_o in_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n it_o may_v render_v our_o guess_n more_o certain_a as_o to_o the_o height_n and_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o whether_o it_o vary_v considerable_o at_o such_o distant_a time_n for_o the_o place_n where_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n be_v try_v be_v about_o 51_o degree_n latitude_n be_v try_v in_o the_o winter_n and_o about_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o not_o to_o spend_v so_o much_o time_n as_o will_v be_v take_v up_o with_o all_o the_o reflection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v on_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n i_o shall_v consider_v some_o few_o inference_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o they_o and_o first_o from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o weight_n fix_v to_o it_o we_o may_v call_v in_o question_n what_o some_o teach_v concern_v suction_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o endeavour_n to_o draw_v the_o body_n suck_v in_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v say_v to_o suck_v for_o though_o when_o we_o suck_v a_o thing_n with_o our_o mouth_n there_o be_v a_o manifest_a endeavour_n of_o our_o mouth_n to_o draw_v the_o body_n suck_v yet_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v not_o so_o dispose_v by_o any_o endeavour_n in_o the_o glass-tube_n nor_o can_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v attribute_v to_o any_o suck_a force_n of_o every_o part_n include_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cylinder_n since_o it_o appear_v not_o how_o such_o airy_a particle_n shall_v be_v hook_a in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o sucker_n or_o how_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v such_o a_o weight_n nay_o that_o those_o particle_n of_o air_n do_v not_o draw_v it_o up_o be_v further_a evident_a since_o by_o admit_v more_o air_n in_o that_o supposititious_a suck_a quality_n be_v diminish_v and_o not_o increase_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v proceed_v from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o a_o endeavour_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n though_o a_o little_a more_o air_n be_v let_v in_o as_o there_o be_v before_o since_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o vacuity_n nor_o can_v the_o weaken_a attraction_n upon_o let_v in_o of_o air_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o vacuity_n but_o rather_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n since_o when_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o weight_n be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n when_o void_a of_o air._n vacuum_n consideration_n concern_v a_o vacuum_n but_o to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o further_o we_o may_v be_v direct_v what_o to_o think_v of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o have_v be_v so_o long_o hold_v as_o a_o axiom_n in_o the_o school_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v neither_o have_v sense_n to_o perceive_v any_o ill_a consequence_n in_o the_o universe_n which_o will_v ensue_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o know_v how_o as_o intelligent_a part_n of_o matter_n to_o prevent_v it_o for_o if_o they_o do_v nature_n may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o great_a many_o case_n to_o act_v very_o irrational_o to_o effect_v her_o design_n since_o in_o the_o xxxii_o d_o experiment_n instead_o of_o rush_v into_o the_o receiver_n she_o less_o cautious_o raise_v up_o the_o valve_n and_o keep_v herself_o out_o but_o i_o say_v beside_o the_o insensibility_n of_o matter_n it_o may_v far_o be_v urge_v against_o that_o axiom_n that_o the_o endeavour_n which_o those_o body_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v rather_o be_v to_o fill_v than_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n since_o upon_o the_o draw_v down_o of_o that_o valve_n the_o air_n which_o rush_v in_o can_v not_o prevent_v what_o be_v already_o in_o be_v beside_o in_o our_o xixth_z experiment_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o the_o water_n which_o descend_v into_o the_o tube_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n do_v not_o rather_o keep_v its_o place_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n or_o why_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o do_v not_o ascend_v before_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air._n moreover_o the_o air_n may_v rather_o be_v say_v to_o rush_v in_o again_o as_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o neighbour_a air_n than_o a_o design_n to_o fill_v the_o vacuity_n since_o from_o our_o xviith_z experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v full_a we_o can_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o sucker_n find_v the_o spring_n of_o subsequent_a air_n impel_v by_o it_o still_o force_v more_o into_o it_o and_o even_o in_o windgun_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o air_n compress_v as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o receiver_n may_v be_v squeeze_v into_o half_a the_o room_n and_o from_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n it_o may_v further_o be_v deduce_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o metaphorical_o speak_v body_n may_v seem_v to_o forget_v their_o own_o nature_n to_o shun_v a_o vacuum_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n or_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a air_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o press_v down_o or_o buoy_v up_o one_o another_o for_o from_o our_o nineteenth_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v away_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v it_o subside_o though_o it_o leave_v no_o air_n behind_o it_o but_o further_a from_o this_o
bubble_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n bring_v the_o balance_n to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o aequilibrium_fw-la be_v again_o lose_v upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o it_o so_o that_o have_v the_o air_n be_v whole_o exhaust_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bubble_n may_v probable_o have_v weigh_v a_o whole_a grain_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n do_v real_o depress_v the_o balance_n to_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v fix_v we_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n when_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v open_a and_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n in_o the_o least_o to_o preponderate_v but_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n be_v equal_o poise_v with_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n manifest_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n though_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o be_v considerable_o expanded_a when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n air._n the_o penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n but_o once_o have_v cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v ply_v long_o than_o ordinary_a the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o glass_n bubble_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o cause_v the_o side_n of_o it_o to_o fly_v in_o piece_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n of_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o be_v too_o fine_a to_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o pass_v through_o they_o and_o for_o a_o further_a proof_n of_o the_o imperviousness_n of_o glass_n even_o by_o so_o minute_n particle_n as_o those_o of_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o ever_o make_v i_o but_o once_o find_v that_o a_o spirit_n who_o part_n be_v much_o more_o subtle_a and_o volatile_a than_o air_n i_o say_v i_o but_o once_o find_v that_o a_o spirit_n draw_v from_o a_o substance_n abound_v with_o volatile_a salt_n and_o subtle_a spirit_n make_v way_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o receiver_n which_o unusual_a phenomenon_n probable_o depend_v on_o the_o brisk_a agitation_n of_o those_o spirituous_a part_n increase_v by_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a heat_n with_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o receiver_n and_o almost_o burst_v it_o with_o their_o impetuous_a steam_n so_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v open_v with_o the_o violent_a heat_n several_a of_o they_o penetrate_v those_o pore_n and_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n other_o why_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v more_o indispose_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n than_o other_o but_o though_o by_o some_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v think_v to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v glass_n yet_o by_o other_o they_o be_v think_v to_o be_v grosser_n than_o water_n since_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o penetrate_a body_n and_o of_o be_v compress_v into_o their_o pore_n which_o air_n be_v not_o for_o have_v convey_v a_o small_a bubble_n of_o water_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o a_o syphon_n who_o orifice_n be_v as_o small_a as_o a_o pin_n that_o air_n be_v incapable_a of_o pass_v through_o so_o small_a a_o poor_a keep_v the_o water_n above_o it_o suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o bubble_n by_o blow_v into_o the_o wide_a orifice_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v and_o squeeze_v out_o water_n pass_v through_o that_o small_a orifice_n without_o any_o other_o force_n than_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o inability_n of_o air_n to_o pass_v through_o such_o pore_n which_o water_n will_v ready_o enough_o will_v be_v further_o evince_v by_o hold_v water_n in_o a_o tube_n the_o low_a end_n of_o which_o be_v very_o narrow_a and_o perforate_v with_o a_o poor_a no_o long_o than_o a_o hair_n for_o the_o water_n will_v ready_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o if_o the_o tube_n 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drachm_n and_o thirty_o nine_o grain_n but_o the_o air_n be_v permit_v to_o rush_v in_o by_o perforate_n the_o wax_n with_o a_o needle_n the_o aeolipile_n and_o wax_v balance_v a_o additional_a weight_n of_o 11_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o it_o weigh_v half_o a_o scruple_n and_o a_o grain_n and_o though_o mersennus_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v rarify_v the_o air_n to_o seventy_o time_n its_o bulk_n in_o a_o aeolipile_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o seem_v impossible_a to_o i_o except_o the_o metal_n his_o be_v make_v of_o will_v bear_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n without_o melt_v than_o we_o will_v to_o rarify_v and_o expel_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o beside_o the_o method_n he_o take_v seem_v much_o less_o exact_a than_o we_o since_o he_o weigh_v the_o aeolipile_n whilst_o hot_a which_o may_v throw_v off_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o scale_n as_o we_o have_v often_o observe_v the_o weight_n 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cold_a at_o which_o time_n it_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o five_o part_n heavy_a than_o at_o paris_n when_o mersennus_n make_v his_o observation_n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n to_o make_v such_o observation_n in_o several_a country_n and_o at_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n atmosphere_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o about_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o observation_n already_o deliver_v determine_v the_o height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n from_o whence_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n proceed_v but_o though_o it_o may_v be_v no_o difficult_a task_n to_o
light_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o refraction_n from_o the_o glass_n darken_v within_o by_o those_o white_a steam_n second_o that_o since_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o part_n gross_a enough_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o rise_v from_o bonfire_n the_o reflection_n may_v proceed_v from_o some_o gross_a airy_a part_n within_o the_o receiver_n three_o the_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a surface_n of_o the_o airy_a part_n reflect_v one_o upon_o another_o like_a looking-glass_n so_o as_o to_o represent_v each_o other_o contiguous_a so_o water_n or_o egg_n beat_v to_o froth_n lose_v their_o transparency_n and_o appear_v white_a but_o further_o have_v immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o our_o receiver_n in_o water_n and_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n the_o water_n be_v draw_v in_o through_o a_o small_a hole_n have_v its_o part_n so_o break_v that_o the_o receiver_n appear_v full_a of_o milk_n rather_o than_o 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pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n begin_v to_o freeze_v so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v above_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n be_v dissolve_v and_o which_o swim_v about_o it_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v concave_a and_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o light_n appear_v full_a of_o bubble_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o powerful_a a_o expansion_n in_o water_n freeze_v as_o not_o only_o to_o burst_v bottle_n in_o the_o wintertime_n but_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v to_o separate_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o metal_n so_o that_o bell-metal_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o wet_a and_o that_o wet_a freeze_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o will_v fly_v in_o piece_n and_o cabeus_n in_o lib._n 4._o meteor_n aristot_n relate_v a_o no_o less_o memorable_a account_n of_o vessel_n make_v of_o stone_n which_o will_v fly_v asunder_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o moisture_n lodge_v in_o their_o pore_n and_o freeze_v there_o where_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o cold_a shall_v by_o freeze_a water_n cause_v it_o to_o swell_v whereas_o the_o effect_v it_o have_v upon_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_o to_o condense_a it_o experiment_n thirty-nine_o receiver_n a_o phaenomenon_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n into_o a_o oval_a glass_n so_o that_o it_o almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n we_o cement_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o that_o oval_a and_o then_o convey_v about_o six_o spoon_n full_a of_o water_n into_o the_o egg_n we_o blow_v it_o so_o full_a of_o air_n as_o to_o force_v the_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n and_o to_o keep_v it_o suspend_v betwixt_o that_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o viol_n and_o the_o external_a air_n this_o weatherglass_n represent_v by_o the_o fourteen_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v small_a be_v permit_v to_o stand_v about_o five_o inch_n above_o the_o cover_n the_o middle_a of_o which_o it_o penetrate_v upon_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n manifest_o descend_v which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o no_o sensible_a heat_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o receiver_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n since_o by_o bare_o apply_v my_o hand_n to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o receiver_n that_o gentle_a warmth_n so_o far_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n much_o high_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n though_o we_o will_v not_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v cold_a after_o than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o since_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o egg_n together_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n to_o give_v way_n for_o want_v of_o a_o equal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o convex_a and_o external_a superficies_n of_o it_o which_o guest_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a not_o only_o because_o the_o springiness_n of_o glass_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o bend_n of_o it_o but_o likewise_o since_o upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v up_o to_o its_o former_a height_n again_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o experiment_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n betwixt_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bubble_n every_o substance_n fine_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o glass_n have_v not_o its_o part_n in_o a_o agitation_n
into_o a_o bottle_n and_o immerse_v the_o end_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o little_a below_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o which_o be_v about_o 3_o foot_n long_o the_o interstice_n betwixt_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o cement_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 2._o and_o the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n 2._o see_v plat._n 6_o fig._n 2._o and_o because_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o receiver_n another_o make_v of_o white_a glass_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o former_a to_o the_o middle_n of_o who_o cavity_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n extend_v so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o rise_a water_n have_v more_o space_n to_o move_v in_o when_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o bottle_n expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n with_o such_o force_n that_o it_o fly_v violent_o against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o as_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n be_v leisurely_o expanded_a and_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n the_o spring_n of_o that_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v less_o powerful_a the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n gradual_o cease_v in_o its_o ascent_n unless_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o fresh_a exsuction_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o that_o as_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v narrow_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v slow_a and_o the_o experiment_n will_v be_v long_o continue_v second_o if_o a_o pipe_n be_v cement_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o branch_a out_o into_o several_a small_a one_o with_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o end_v of_o they_o the_o water_n will_v fly_v out_o as_o out_o of_o artificial_a fountain_n in_o grotto_n three_o if_o the_o bottle_n to_o who_o neck_n the_o tube_n be_v cement_v be_v large_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v so_o much_o the_o long_o and_o the_o experiment_n may_v be_v reiterated_a by_o first_o let_v in_o the_o air_n again_o and_o then_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n by_o pump_v it_o out_o afresh_o from_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o this_o expement_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n to_o a_o much_o great_a height_n than_o the_o pipe_n we_o make_v use_v of_o second_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o water_n contain_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o air_n may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o its_o spring_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o adventitious_a heat_n three_o we_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o air_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v the_o upper_a receiver_n be_v take_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v the_o water_n quite_o down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o several_a bubble_n get_v through_o the_o water_n join_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n but_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v take_v off_o a_o considerable_a time_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n continue_v to_o make_v their_o way_n through_o the_o water_n as_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v before_o expanded_a can_v not_o be_v bring_v again_o to_o its_o former_a state_n of_o compression_n but_o like_o a_o balance_n put_v in_o motion_n continue_v several_a successive_a vibration_n resist_v each_o impress_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o the_o chief_a remark_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o the_o salient_a water_n in_o the_o receiver_n form_v several_a large_a line_n some_o of_o which_o be_v parabolical_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v experiment_n v._o about_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o attraction_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n that_o the_o incalescence_n of_o solid_a body_n depend_v on_o the_o attrition_n or_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o intercept_a air_n to_o try_v how_o far_o this_o may_v be_v true_a i_o cause_v a_o strong_a spring_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n see_v plate_n the_o six_o 3._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 3._o fig._n 3._o figure_v much_o like_o the_o lathe_n of_o a_o cross-bow_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o staple_n trencher_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v fix_v a_o concave_a piece_n of_o brass_n like_o a_o burning-glass_n about_o 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o moderate_o slender_a to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o convex_a piece_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n which_o have_v a_o square_a handle_n on_o the_o upper_a part_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o wood_n the_o other_o end_v be_v fix_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o a_o wooden_a pillar_n make_v use_v instead_o of_o our_o vertical_a cylinder_n and_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pillar_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o turn-key_n be_v of_o such_o a_o size_n that_o when_o the_o stopple_n be_v depress_v into_o the_o socket_n make_v in_o the_o brass_n cover_v the_o concave_a and_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o brass_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o wooden_a pillar_n and_o the_o spring_n be_v squeeze_v together_o and_o the_o spring_n in_o some_o measure_n expanded_a all_o thing_n be_v thus_o provide_v and_o a_o mercurial_a gange_n convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n a_o wimble_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v turn_v round_o for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n we_o present_o take_v off_o the_o cover_n and_o perceive_v that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o brass_n betwixt_o which_o we_o have_v lay_v some_o powder_a amel_n to_o make_v they_o move_v more_o easy_o one_o upon_o another_o be_v sensible_o warm_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o air_n so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o further_o depress_v they_o grow_v so_o hot_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o touch_v they_o and_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n succeed_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n the_o one_o of_o oak_n and_o the_o other_o of_o beech._n from_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o attrition_n of_o solid_n may_v cause_v a_o considerable_a warmth_n when_o the_o air_n betwixt_o their_o superficies_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n vi_o about_o the_o disjoyn_v of_o two_o marble_n not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v separate_v without_o a_o considerable_a weight_n upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n have_v several_a time_n suspend_v two_o flat_a polish_v marble_n who_o contiguous_a superficies_n be_v moisten_v with_o oil_n to_o keep_v the_o air_n from_o get_v in_o betwixt_o they_o upon_o a_o considerable_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o will_v sometime_o fall_v asunder_o in_o the_o receiver_n at_o the_o eighteen_o suction_n and_o sometime_o at_o the_o eight_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n be_v only_o suspend_v at_o the_o low_a yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n where_o they_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n they_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 80_o pound_n without_o separate_n but_o have_v provide_v a_o receiver_n with_o a_o brass_n conver_n see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o and_o suspend_v two_o contiguous_a marble_n in_o it_o 4._o see_v plate_n 6._o fig._n 4._o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o few_o ounce_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a the_o string_n which_o suspend_v they_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brass_n stopple_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cover_n by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n shorten_v the_o string_n the_o marble_n be_v raise_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n but_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n they_o present_o fall_v asunder_o yet_o have_v so_o contrive_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o low_a shall_v not_o fall_v too_o far_o the_o other_o be_v let_v down_o to_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v so_o close_o compress_v together_o again_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v separate_v as_o easy_o as_o before_o yet_o if_o by_o turn_v the_o stopple_n the_o uppermost_a be_v raise_v before_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o lowermost_a behind_o it_o experiment_n vii_o a_o way_n to_o break_v flat_a glass_n speedy_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o round_a figure_n of_o a_o body_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v a_o more_o violent_a pressure_n from_o the_o atmosphere_n than_o body_n otherwise_o shape_v
rise_v at_o the_o first_o exsuction_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o when_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v open_v it_o will_v run_v down_o through_o the_o exhaust_v brass_n syphon_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_v of_o mercury_n depend_v not_o on_o suction_n or_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la whatever_o some_o learned_a man_n teach_v but_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n since_o a_o baroscope_n consult_v at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o dispute_n for_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la so_o it_o be_v against_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o rarify_v substance_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n for_o though_o we_o can_v rarify_v the_o air_n further_o by_o continue_v the_o action_n of_o the_o pump_n yet_o the_o mercury_n will_v not_o rise_v one_o jot_n high_o annotation_n but_o the_o syphon_n here_o mention_v be_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v first_o the_o pipe_n which_o bend_v so_o much_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n to_o make_v it_o less_o subject_a to_o break_v second_o the_o end_n of_o it_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v a_o little_a wide_o than_o any_o other_o part_n to_o admit_v the_o shank_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n three_o the_o cement_n which_o join_v the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v loose_a i_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o one_o to_o which_o a_o stop-cock_n be_v fix_v together_o with_o a_o glass_n syphon_n about_o 10_o inch_n high_a see_v plate_n 5._o fig._n 2._o where_o the_o whole_a be_v represent_v and_o though_o this_o additional_a glass_n make_v the_o experiment_n long_o and_o more_o tedious_a yet_o it_o be_v more_o useful_a and_o secure_a experiment_n fourteen_o the_o different_a height_n to_o which_o the_o liquor_n may_v be_v elevate_v by_o suction_n according_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n vary_v three_o see_v plate_n the_o five_o fig._n the_o three_o from_z experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v to_o what_o height_n mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n we_o may_v guess_v at_o what_o height_n water_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o former_a but_o to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v i_o cause_v a_o small_a pipe_n which_o branch_a itself_o into_o two_o see_v plate_n the_o 5_o fig._n the_o 3_o so_o that_o a_o cylinder_n be_v fix_v to_o each_o branch_n the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v immerse_v will_v rise_v proportionable_o as_o their_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v they_o to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n water_n rose_n in_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o 42_o inch_n and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o tube_n not_o above_o 3_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v fourteen_o time_n high_o than_o the_o mercury_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o satisfactory_a we_o let_v air_n into_o the_o receiver_n till_o the_o water_n subside_v to_o fourteen_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o mercury_n be_v sink_v to_o about_o a_o inch_n for_o in_o this_o experiment_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o 1_o to_o 14_o precise_o specify_v but_o thereabouts_o from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v draw_v argument_n not_o only_o against_o what_o be_v teach_v concern_v nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o it_o may_v likewise_o more_o nice_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o liquor_n for_o have_v put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n under_o the_o glass_n tube_v fresh_a water_n and_o into_o the_o other_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o salt_n water_n be_v but_o 40_o inch_n high_a but_o have_v make_v use_v of_o a_o brine_n make_v of_o sea-salt_n melt_v in_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o salt_n water_n when_o the_o fresh_a water_n be_v raise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o brine_n do_v not_o exceed_v seven_o i_o likewise_o put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n when_o this_o experiment_n be_v over_o a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n and_o common_a water_n into_o the_o other_o and_o when_o the_o water_n rise_v to_o 42_o inch_n the_o solution_n be_v raise_v but_o to_o 30._o experiment_n xv._o to_o what_o height_n water_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v raise_v proportionable_o to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o bottle_n and_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o bottle_n upon_o the_o mercury_n we_o immerse_v one_o pipe_n so_o low_a as_o to_o have_v its_o end_n in_o the_o mercury_n and_o another_o pipe_n be_v likewise_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n only_o which_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o cement_n in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n the_o whole_a be_v convey_v into_o the_o engine_n and_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o divide_v into_o inches_n by_o hard_a wax_n with_o which_o they_o be_v mark_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n rise_v 15_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o quicksilver_n experiment_n xvi_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v have_v put_v mercury_n into_o a_o short_a tube_n and_o water_n into_o one_o that_o be_v long_o both_o of_o they_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o one_o end_v we_o invert_v they_o both_o the_o end_n of_o each_o rest_n in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n which_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o water_n in_o the_o cylinder_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o by_o pump_v out_o the_o air_n the_o mercury_n subside_v within_o 3_o inch_n of_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v soon_o than_o it_o ought_v according_a to_o statical_a rule_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n which_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v it_o by_o their_o spring_n yet_o the_o water_n when_o the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o inch_n be_v near_o as_o high_a as_o before_o experiment_n xvii_o etc._n the_o great_a height_n to_o which_o water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o high_a water_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n i_o provide_v a_o long_a tube_n about_o thirty_o foot_n long_o be_v make_v of_o several_a tin_n pipe_n close_o join_v together_o with_o soder_n and_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o black_a cement_n which_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o stick_v to_o our_o hand_n we_o cover_v with_o plaster_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o pipe_n be_v fix_v a_o glass_n tube_n about_o three_o foot_n long_o and_o to_o the_o top_n of_o that_o be_v fix_v another_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o piece_n which_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o each_o other_o part_n of_o which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1._o see_v plate_n the_o seven_o fig._n 1._o and_o the_o other_o perpendicular_a the_o low_a end_n be_v fix_v to_o the_o engine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-roofed_n house_n and_o a_o vessel_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v put_v under_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o water_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n emit_v several_a bubble_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o air_n former_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o chief_a aim_n of_o our_o experiment_n be_v only_o to_o try_v to_o what_o height_n the_o water_n can_v be_v raise_v i_o cause_v the_o pump_n to_o be_v nimble_o ply_v till_o the_o water_n can_v rise_v no_o high_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n measure_v by_o a_o string_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 33_o foot_n and_o about_o six_o inch_n quicksilver_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n stand_v at_o 29_o inch_n and_o about_o 3_o eight_o of_o a_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v near_o fourteen_o time_n as_o high_a as_o the_o mercury_n in_o which_o experiment_n that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v sufficient_o exhaust_v appear_v from_o several_a circumstance_n as_o first_o if_o any_o air_n get_v in_o at_o cranny_n in_o the_o pipe_n it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n easy_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o bubble_n be_v considerable_a yet_o more_o air_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o pump_n than_o can_v get_v in_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v empty_a enough_o but_o in_o this_o experiment_n
it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o first_o the_o water_n appear_v in_o the_o glass_n tube_n they_o will_v be_v very_o numerous_a and_o form_v a_o froth_n yet_o when_o the_o pump_v be_v further_o continue_v they_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o second_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n make_v several_a vibration_n in_o its_o rise_n which_o though_o near_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o first_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o three_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o baroscope_n consult_v before_o some_o time_n after_o be_v note_v to_o have_v rise_v considerable_o so_o that_o have_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v again_o the_o water_n will_v have_v be_v buoy_v up_o a_o good_a deal_n high_o now_o from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v what_o some_o man_n teach_v concern_v the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o spiral_n pipe_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v high_a than_o 36_o foot_n by_o a_o suck_v pump_n experiment_n xviii_o about_o the_o bend_v of_o a_o springy_a body_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o be_v satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o elasticity_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n i_o fix_v one_o end_n of_o a_o whale-bone_n in_o a_o trencher_n and_o tie_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o other_o by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v so_o low_a as_o almost_o to_o touch_v the_o plane_n under_o it_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o alteration_n experiment_n xix_o concern_v the_o make_n of_o mercurial_a gauge_n whereby_o to_o estimate_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v several_a gauge_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o discover_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v well_o exhaust_v as_o by_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n which_o be_v almost_o empty_a of_o air_n or_o by_o invert_v a_o small_a tube_n in_o which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v contain_v but_o the_o former_a take_v 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the_o help_n of_o the_o small_a gage_n a_o large_a may_v be_v make_v by_o put_v both_o into_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n at_o once_o for_o by_o observe_v when_o the_o air_n be_v expanded_a to_o each_o mark_n in_o the_o little_a one_o how_o far_o it_o be_v expanded_a in_o the_o large_a one_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o much_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v for_o the_o future_a by_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o large_a gage_n and_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o some_o other_o first_o because_o the_o mercury_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n the_o air_n by_o expand_v itself_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o or_o to_o make_v its_o way_n in_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n through_o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n as_o it_o will_v if_o other_o fluid_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o it_o second_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o gage_n be_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o stick_v wax_n or_o knob_n of_o glass_n to_o the_o pipe_n every_o ten_o be_v of_o a_o different_a colour_n from_o the_o rest_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o which_o division_n will_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o be_v rub_v off_o than_o paper_n which_o be_v also_o subject_a in_o some_o experiment_n to_o be_v wet_a three_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v include_v may_v be_v either_o seal_v up_o before_o it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o aforementioned_a mark_n or_o after_o by_o draw_v out_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n into_o a_o small_a apex_n and_o when_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n it_o may_v be_v seal_v up_o by_o blow_v a_o lamp_n horizontal_o upon_o the_o apex_n four_o where_o very_o nice_a observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o receiver_n admit_v of_o a_o long_a gage_n instead_o of_o mercury_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o a_o tincture_n of_o rose_n or_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n with_o cocheneel_v in_o which_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v more_o nice_o represent_v five_o we_o may_v vary_v the_o mercurial_a gage_n by_o order_v the_o short_a leg_n so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v a_o bubble_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n at_o a_o inch_n distance_n from_o the_o basis_n of_o that_o leg_n which_o bubble_n must_v have_v a_o pipe_n upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o air_n which_o bubble_n have_v this_o advantage_n above_o the_o other_o that_o less_o air_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n since_o the_o mercury_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v raise_v so_o high_a the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v render_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o eye_n six_o this_o gage_n be_v much_o more_o useful_a than_o those_o mention_v by_o other_o author_n because_o it_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o air_n be_v rarefaction_n experiment_n xx._n a_o easy_a way_n to_o make_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a to_o the_o touch._n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n will_v be_v make_v sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n if_o a_o taper_a tube_n of_o brass_n who_o cavity_n at_o one_o end_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a be_v fix_v to_o the_o pump_n instead_o of_o a_o receiver_n for_o if_o when_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v cement_v on_o the_o pump_n one_o press_v the_o palm_n of_o one_o hand_n upon_o the_o small_a orifice_n and_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o take_v off_o one_o hand_n and_o not_o a_o little_a painful_a but_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v have_v a_o much_o more_o sensible_a effect_n if_o the_o large_a orifice_n be_v upward_o instead_o of_o the_o small_a experiment_n xxi_o about_o the_o subside_v of_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n of_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n to_o the_o level_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o bolt-head_n be_v circular_o cut_v off_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o a_o receiver_n include_v a_o baroscope_n in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n subside_v from_o 29_o inch_n to_o 9_o or_o 10_o and_o by_o three_o exsuction_n more_o will_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o level_n with_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n but_o will_v rise_v to_o its_o first_o station_n again_o as_o the_o air_n be_v admit_v in_o flower_n or_o fast_o in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v first_o
pillar_n to_o which_o the_o feather_n be_v fasten_v be_v join_v to_o the_o upper_a basis_n of_o the_o bellows_o with_o cement_n we_o fix_v a_o weight_n to_o the_o low_a basis_n and_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n eight_o see_v fig._n the_o eight_o where_o we_o observe_v upon_o the_o exhaust_v of_o the_o receiver_n that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bellows_o raise_v up_o the_o upper_a basis_n together_o with_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o air_n rise_v out_o at_o the_o vent_n manifest_o move_v the_o feather_n but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o exhaust_v and_o the_o weight_n upon_o the_o upper_a basis_n depress_v it_o violent_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o the_o feather_n be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v upon_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o great_a and_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pipe_n fill_v with_o a_o compact_a body_n who_o particle_n be_v think_v incapable_a of_o imbibe_v it_o we_o take_v a_o slender_a pipe_n and_o have_v tie_v a_o linen-cloth_n to_o the_o jow_a orifice_n we_o fill_v it_o with_o minium_n and_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n about_o a_o inch_n the_o water_n ascend_v about_o 30_o inch_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o repeat_v in_o another_o it_o rise_v 40_o inch_n in_o which_o kind_n of_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o other_o powder_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o this_o the_o experiment_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o nor_o be_v the_o success_n much_o better_a when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o ink_n instead_o of_o water_n second_o our_o experiment_n succeed_v the_o better_a the_o fine_a and_o close_a the_o minium_n be_v but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v too_o small_a the_o event_n will_v not_o always_o be_v successful_a three_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n ascend_v not_o to_o it_o be_v utmost_a under_o 30_o hour_n and_o sometime_o long_o four_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n in_o our_o tube_n rise_v without_o any_o swell_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o some_o learned_a man_n ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o water_n rise_v in_o filtre_n to_o five_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v as_o probable_a that_o the_o sap_n in_o tree_n may_v rise_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n be_v promote_v by_o heat_n and_o a_o due_a texture_n of_o part_n experiment_n xxxvii_o of_o the_o seem_a spontaneous_a ascent_n of_o salt_n along_o the_o side_n of_o glass_n with_o a_o conjecture_n at_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o i_o have_v several_a time_n observe_v that_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o sea-salt_n or_o vitriol_n be_v evaporate_v the_o coagulate_v salt_n will_v creep_v up_o the_o side_n of_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n in_o which_o the_o solution_n be_v contain_v and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o if_o the_o experiment_n be_v long_o continue_v they_o will_v rise_v over_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o cover_v the_o external_a superficies_n with_o a_o crust_n of_o salt_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o strange_a a_o phaenomenon_n though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v positive_a in_o it_o yet_o it_o may_v not_o improbable_o depend_v on_o the_o like_a cause_n as_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n for_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o edge_n of_o water_n be_v not_o only_o above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n but_o sea-salt_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o crystallise_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n they_o swim_v in_o and_o near_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n their_o coagulation_n be_v promote_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o which_o salt_n when_o once_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v beset_v with_o they_o the_o water_n may_v rise_v to_o the_o top_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v in_o the_o slender_a pipe_n before_o mention_v and_o salt_n carry_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o those_o and_o coagulate_v there_o still_o lay_v a_o further_a bottom_n for_o their_o ascent_n and_o so_o successive_o till_o they_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o that_o there_o be_v passage_n betwixt_o these_o saline_a part_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v through_o appear_v since_o they_o may_v be_v break_v off_o in_o flake_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o the_o water_n in_o such_o a_o ascent_n will_v dissolve_v the_o salt_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o much_o impregnate_v with_o salt_n already_o can_v imbibe_n no_o more_o and_o consequent_o for_o that_o reason_n when_o it_o run_v down_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n coagulate_v by_o the_o way_n be_v too_o thick_a and_o full_a of_o salt_n to_o continue_v long_o fluid_a experiment_n xxxviii_o a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o gravity_n of_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v and_o express_v by_o common_a weight_n size_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a size_n be_v desirous_a to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o determinate_a diameter_n i_o cause_v a_o pipe_n to_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n three_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o brass_n i_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o find_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v about_o 137_o drachm_n 45_o grain_n of_o mercury_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ten_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n of_o 30_o inch_n and_o consequent_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n able_a to_o counterpoise_v it_o must_v amount_v to_o 12_o ounce_n and_o about_o 6_o drachm_n and_o by_o weigh_v water_n in_o this_o tube_n before_o the_o mercury_n be_v put_v into_o it_o the_o water_n weigh_v 10_o drachm_n 15_o grain_n the_o proportion_n of_o water_n to_o mercury_n seem_v as_o 13_o 18_o 41_o to_o 1._o but_o in_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pillar_n of_o air_n it_o may_v be_v here_o requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n because_o the_o cavity_n of_o a_o glass_n tube_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o a_o experiment_n since_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o boar_n of_o such_o tube_n be_v equal_a throughout_o their_o diameter_n the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v thus_o find_v it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o know_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o a_o different_a diameter_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o proportion_n and_o the_o 14_o proposition_n of_o the_o 12_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n for_o since_o according_a to_o that_o cylinder_v of_o equal_a base_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o since_o by_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o the_o same_o element_n such_o circle_n as_o the_o base_n of_o cylinder_n be_v to_o one_o another_o as_o the_o square_n of_o their_o diameter_n and_o since_o mercurial_a cylinder_n will_v bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n in_o weight_n as_o they_o do_v in_o bulk_n the_o rule_n will_v be_v that_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o standard_n cylinder_n be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n propose_v so_o will_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o to_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o so_o that_o the_o square_a of_o one_o inch_n be_v 1_o and_o the_o square_a of_o 2_o be_v four_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o latter_a will_v be_v four_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n thirty-nine_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o loadstone_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o account_n give_v of_o the_o attraction_n of_o a_o loadstone_n depend_v on_o what_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n teach_v viz._n that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n press_v away_o the_o air_n betwixt_o the_o body_n attract_v that_o air_n help_v the_o attraction_n by_o press_v against_o the_o opsite_a side_n of_o the_o stone_n we_o place_v a_o vigorous_a loadstone_n in_o our_o receiver_n have_v adapt_v a_o cap_n of_o steel_n to_o it_o to_o the_o low_a side_n of_o which_o a_o scale_n with_o 6_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n be_v fix_v which_o be_v all_o the_o loadstone_n beside_o the_o steel_n and_o the_o scale_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v up_o all_o which_o be_v suspend_v at_o a_o button_n which_o be_v on_o purpose_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v as_o much_o again_o as_o
condense_v be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o more_o than_o the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n 3._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o cavity_n which_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o be_v 2_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 2_o inch_n and_o ½_n long_o 4._o from_o the_o experiment_n now_o mention_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v able_a at_o its_o first_o expansion_n to_o raise_v a_o weight_n proportionable_o large_a according_o to_o the_o different_a boar_n of_o the_o cylinder_v make_v use_n of_o but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o expand_v the_o proportion_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a because_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n be_v to_o fill_v up_o ¼_n or_o ½_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o air_n must_v be_v much_o more_o rarify_v and_o consequent_o lose_v of_o its_o expansive_a force_n but_o compare_v the_o expansive_a force_n of_o air_n in_o different_a boar_n at_o its_o first_o expansion_n some_o may_v think_v the_o proportion_n not_o exact_a since_o the_o small_a bladder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v no_o more_o but_o 10_o pound_n and_o the_o weight_n which_o the_o large_a raise_v be_v 42_o it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o duplicate_v proportionof_a what_o our_o hypothesis_n require_v but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o each_o cylinder_n the_o bladder_n in_o the_o less_o proportion_n able_o take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o in_o the_o large_a it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o difference_n 5._o consider_v that_o the_o bladder_n in_o which_o air_n be_v include_v may_v straiten_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v more_o exact_o determine_v can_v cylinder_n be_v contrive_v staunch_a enough_o without_o such_o help_n 6._o and_o it_o will_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o render_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n difficult_a to_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o air_n itself_o at_o different_a time_n vary_v in_o its_o degree_n of_o pressure_n yet_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o contrive_v a_o exact_a cylinder_n very_o tight_a one_o of_o a_o inch_n bear_v will_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v above_o 10_o pound_n weight_n experiment_n x._o a_o easy_a way_n of_o make_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o include_v air_n raise_v 50_o or_o 60_o pound_n or_o a_o great_a weight_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n to_o demonstrate_v more_o obvious_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n we_o take_v a_o 4._o a_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 4._o brass_n cylinder_n who_o depth_n be_v 4_o inch_n and_o its_o diameter_n 4_o inch_n and_o ¾_n to_o which_o we_o adapt_v a_o plate_n a_o see_v plate_n short_a plug_n to_o who_o upper_a basis_n be_v fix_v a_o broad_a rim_z for_o weight_n to_o stand_v on_o more_o firm_o which_o be_v do_v we_o press_v a_o bladder_n into_o the_o cylinder_n that_o it_o may_v adapt_v itself_o to_o the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o observing_z how_o much_o the_o plug_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o lay_v the_o weight_n upon_o it_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o figure_n the_o 5_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o cylinder_n about_o 4_o inch_n broad_a lift_v up_o 75_o pound_n at_o the_o 5_o exsuction_n so_o high_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o mark_n 5._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 5._o and_o at_o 2_o exsuction_n more_o it_o be_v elevate_v 3_o 10_o above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n the_o mercury_n that_o usual_o stand_v at_o ⅛_n above_o the_o high_a glass_n mark_v subside_v to_o ⅛_n below_o the_o second_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o after_o some_o time_n the_o bladder_n subside_v again_o and_o be_v take_v out_o exact_o answer_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o receiver_n be_v again_o exhaust_v at_o the_o 24_o exsuction_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v depress_v to_o the_o low_a mark_n and_o at_o the_o 35th_o to_o ⅛_n below_o it_o and_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n in_o which_o we_o heap_v flat_a weight_n one_o upon_o another_o the_o air_n raise_v 100_o pound_n weight_n and_o will_v probable_o have_v raise_v much_o more_o have_v it_o not_o be_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o much_o strain_v as_o to_o give_v way_n for_o some_o air_n to_o get_v out_o at_o a_o leak_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o orifice_n of_o such_o receiver_n must_v not_o be_v very_o wide_a for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o be_v crack_v by_o the_o violent_a external_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n experiment_n xi_o to_o compare_v the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n i_o weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n which_o i_o find_v to_o weigh_v above_o half_a a_o grain_n more_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n than_o before_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o and_o this_o bubble_n be_v weigh_v in_o the_o open_a air_n counterpoise_v 68_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o rarify_v by_o the_o heat_n employ_v in_o seal_v it_o up_o that_o the_o nip_v be_v break_v off_o it_o suck_v in_o 125_o grain_n of_o water_n the_o glass_n together_o with_o the_o water_n suck_v into_o it_o weigh_v 193_o ½_n grain_n the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 739_o grain_n of_o water_n it_o weigh_v 807_o ½_n grain_n so_o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v not_o quite_o amount_v to_o 1228_o to_o 1._o have_v weigh_v a_o glass_n bubble_n in_o the_o receiver_n who_o weight_n be_v 60_o grain_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la weigh_n 27_o 92_o of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o it_o will_v contain_v weigh_v 720_o ¼_n grain_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o water_n in_o weight_n be_v as_o 857_o 17_o 27_o to_o one_o but_o galileo_n say_v water_n be_v but_o 400_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n though_o ricciolus_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v on_o the_o other_o side_n who_o say_v it_o be_v 10000_o time_n heavy_a to_o inform_v myself_o further_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n i_o take_v the_o follow_a measure_n have_v exhaust_v a_o receiver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v void_a of_o air_n counterballance_v it_o upon_o turn_v the_o stop-cock_n and_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n it_o weigh_v 36_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o which_o succeed_v when_o try_v a_o second_o time_n and_o likewise_o a_o three_o and_o then_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n turn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o a_o ingress_n of_o water_n and_o when_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o receiver_n have_v succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o exhaust_a air_n we_o turn_v the_o cock_n again_o to_o keep_v that_o water_n in_o and_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o weigh_v the_o water_n weigh_v 47_o ounce_n 3_o drachm_n and_o 6_o grain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a than_o its_o bulk_n of_o air_n near_o 650_o grain_n the_o mercury_n in_o a_o baroscope_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v boy_v up_o to_o 29_o inch_n ¾_n so_o that_o the_o weight_n and_o condense_a state_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v great_a than_o than_o usual_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o disproportion_n be_v not_o as_o great_a as_o at_o other_o time_n though_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suspect_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n join_v with_o that_o in_o the_o receiver_n may_v hinder_v so_o much_o water_n from_o get_v in_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o exhaust_v air_n beside_o several_a particle_n of_o air_n may_v probable_o get_v in_o at_o the_o stop-cock_n whilst_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v which_o join_v with_o the_o air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n may_v contribute_v to_o prevent_v a_o sufficient_a ingress_n of_o water_n from_o all_o which_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o various_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v exact_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o it_o and_o water_n yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o water_n be_v to_o air_n some_o number_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 1100_o to_o 1_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o or_o less_o condense_v but_o
suspend_v by_o a_o wire_n in_o the_o neck_n in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n we_o find_v it_o dead_a and_o with_o much_o ado_n recover_v when_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v break_v off_o the_o station_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o alter_v experiment_n ii_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o small_a bird_n in_o half_a a_o hour_n it_o be_v sick_a and_o droop_a and_o in_o 2_o ½_n hour_n a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v gradual_o increase_v it_o die_v the_o gage_n be_v not_o sensible_o alter_v experiment_n iii_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o defect_n of_o cold_a in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n that_o kill_v animal_n include_v in_o it_o we_o hermetical_o seal_v a_o small_a bird_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 3_o quart_n of_o water_n in_o a_o few_o minute_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v sick_a and_o pant_v and_o continue_v so_o half_a a_o hour_n the_o viol_n be_v immerse_v 6_o minute_n in_o water_n refrigerated_a with_o a_o solution_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v not_o refresh_v it_o vomit_v and_o purge_v when_o take_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v to_o pant_v as_o before_o in_o a_o hour_n from_o her_o first_o imprisonment_n die_v title_n vi_o of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n to_o elevate_v steam_n of_o body_n it_o the_o usefulness_n of_o air_n to_o raise_v steam_n from_o body_n contiguous_a to_o it_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n carry_v off_o the_o fuliginous_a steam_n from_o the_o lung_n in_o respiration_n we_o prepare_v a_o red_a liquor_n consist_v of_o such_o saline_n and_o spirituous_a part_n as_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n yield_v this_o liquor_n well_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n though_o it_o be_v but_o half_a full_a emit_v no_o steam_n but_o when_o the_o external_n air_n come_v to_o it_o it_o emit_v white_a exhalation_n which_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o air._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o air_n may_v enable_v body_n to_o emit_v vapour_n in_o this_o liquor_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n worth_a our_o notice_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o viol_n have_v lie_v quiet_a and_o stop_v a_o competent_a time_n the_o upper_a part_n will_v appear_v void_a of_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o air_n will_v retain_v but_o a_o certain_a quantity_n which_o may_v help_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o same_o air_n which_o will_v be_v clog_v with_o steam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n the_o second_o be_v that_o in_o vacuo_fw-la for_o want_n of_o air_n though_o the_o bottle_n be_v unstop_v these_o exhalation_n will_v not_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n they_o rise_v up_o plentiful_o be_v draw_v out_o along_o with_o the_o air_n a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v this_o experiment_n have_v some_o affinity_n with_o that_o mention_v in_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n that_o be_v make_v with_o corrosive_a ingredient_n and_o this_o of_o medicine_n good_a for_o the_o lung_n title_n xvii_o of_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o the_o vacuum_n make_v by_o our_o engin._n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la a_o slow-worm_n and_o a_o leech_n alive_a in_o vacuo_fw-la white_a snail_n without_o their_o shell_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v store_n of_o bubble_n stick_v to_o they_o but_o they_o put_v out_o and_o draw_v in_o their_o horn_n at_o pleasure_n in_o some_o hour_n they_o become_v void_a of_o motion_n and_o tumid_a and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o hour_n seem_v like_o blow_a bladder_n the_o substance_n of_o their_o body_n be_v consume_v the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o they_o sink_v together_o like_o two_o skin_n no_o sign_n of_o life_n appear_v experiment_n ii_o aneft_v be_v include_v in_o a_o exhaust_v receiver_n 48_o hour_n it_o seem_v swell_v in_o its_o belly_n it_o be_v under_o jaw_n move_v the_o first_o night_n but_o not_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v under_o water_n and_o half_o fill_v the_o animal_n be_v very_o much_o revive_v experiment_n iii_o a_o leech_n be_v include_v with_o a_o little_a water_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 12_o ounce_n when_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o leech_n keep_v under_o water_n several_a bubble_n rise_v from_o distinct_a part_n of_o its_o body_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o much_o indispose_v it_o continue_v well_o five_o day_n by_o open_v the_o receiver_n under_o water_n i_o find_v that_o it_o have_v be_v all_o the_o time_n well_o exhaust_v title_n xviii_o of_o what_o happen_v to_o some_o creep_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n six_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la two_o hour_n after_o vacuo_fw-la creep_v infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la move_v up_o and_o down_o 8_o hour_n after_o they_o seem_v quite_o dead_a but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o the_o morning_n be_v alive_a experiment_n ii_o caterpillar_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o two_o receiver_n to_o one_o we_o add_v the_o air_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o other_o receiver_n those_o which_o have_v air_n with_o they_o be_v alive_a two_o day_n the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la seem_v dead_a in_o a_o little_a time_n title_n xix_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n suggest_v by_o wing_v infect_v in_o our_o vacum_fw-la experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la winge_a infect_v in_o vacuo_fw-la flesh-flies_a who_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v include_v in_o a_o portable_a receiver_n furnish_v with_o a_o large_a pipe_n and_o a_o bubble_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o they_o lose_v their_o motion_n two_o hour_n after_o fire_v not_o be_v able_a to_o excite_v motion_n in_o they_o i_o let_v in_o the_o air_n and_o then_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v and_o be_v observe_v to_o move_v the_o next_o morning_n experiment_n ii_o several_a ordinary_a fly_n and_o a_o bee_n or_o wasp_n lay_v as_o if_o dead_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n except_o some_o which_o for_o a_o few_o minute_n be_v convulsive_a after_o 48_o hour_n they_o neither_o recover_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n nor_o the_o meridian_n sun_n experiment_n iii_o a_o great_a flesh_n fly_v be_v put_v into_o a_o portable_a receiver_n be_v very_o brisk_a and_o lively_a till_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v off_o but_o then_o be_v take_v with_o convulsion_n the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o she_o recover_v but_o it_o be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v she_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o glass_n be_v stir_v and_o then_o she_o move_v a_o little_a the_o next_o night_n after_o neither_o heat_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v recover_v she_o of_o a_o long_a time_n but_o at_o the_o last_o when_o she_o be_v well_o be_v shut_v up_o again_o 48_o hour_n and_o place_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n she_o grow_v so_o ill_a as_o to_o be_v past_a recovery_n experiment_n iu._n a_o grass-hopper_n who_o body_n be_v a_o inch_n long_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o oval_a receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n when_o the_o pump_n be_v first_o ply_v he_o be_v very_o uneasy_a and_o several_a liquid_a drop_n come_v from_o his_o abdomen_fw-la to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o spoonful_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v he_o fall_v on_o his_o back_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sunshine_n he_o move_v a_o little_a and_o soon_o after_o lay_v as_o dead_a 3_o hour_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v and_o place_v after_o he_o seem_v dead_a half_n a_o hour_n some_o time_n in_o the_o sun_n beam_n in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o recover_v experiment_n v._n a_o rose-flie_a be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n struggle_v much_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v but_o in_o 6_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a the_o receiver_n be_v open_v four_o hour_n after_o the_o beetle_n be_v lively_a enough_o the_o receiver_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o animal_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v much_o disquiet_v experiment_n vi._n several_a butterfly_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o able_a to_o fly_v in_o so_o thin_a a_o medium_fw-la but_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v invert_v will_v fall_v from_o one_o end_n to_o another_o rude_o enough_o title_n xx._n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o such_o small_a creature_n as_o aunt_n and_o even_a mite_n themselves_o animal_n air_n requisite_a to_o the_o life_n of_o very_a minute_n animal_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o seven_o hour_n time_n seem_v dead_a but_o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v about_o 14_o
mercury_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v buoy_v up_o so_o high_a it_o will_v not_o be_v elevate_v high_a than_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o but_o those_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o allow_v not_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la ascribe_v the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n to_o a_o impulse_n or_o propagation_n of_o motion_n by_o the_o dilation_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n the_o dilate_a thorax_n propagate_v the_o impulse_n till_o it_o reach_v successive_o the_o body_n suck_v for_o such_o think_v the_o universe_n total_o a_o plenum_fw-la think_v that_o such_o matter_n not_o find_v any_o other_o place_n to_o move_v into_o do_v upon_o that_o score_n buoy_v up_o the_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v and_o comparative_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o impulse_n the_o thorax_n by_o dilate_v can_v make_v it_o will_v scarce_o 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the_o bubble_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n those_o that_o say_v so_o allow_v dari_fw-la vacuum_n and_o subvert_v their_o own_o principle_n and_o as_o for_o the_o plenist_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n we_o may_v ask_v they_o what_o become_v of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n and_o remain_v so_o till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v since_o be_v the_o world_n a_o absolute_a plenum_fw-la before_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o it_o without_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v such_o a_o empty_a space_n within_o to_o receive_v the_o water_n beside_o if_o they_o say_v the_o external_a air_n be_v condense_v and_o compress_v by_o that_o which_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n occasion_n the_o re-ingress_n of_o water_n when_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v that_o a_o cubic_n inch_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o place_n the_o bubble_n be_v evacuate_v in_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o press_v the_o water_n thus_o in_o again_o but_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v account_v for_o without_o these_o difficulty_n since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n within_o the_o bubble_n be_v disproportionable_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o less_o rarify_v ambient_fw-la air_n it_o must_v consequent_o yield_v to_o it_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ingress_n of_o water_n prove_v our_o own_o opinion_n propose_v and_o prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o appear_v what_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v which_o that_o i_o may_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n by_o suction_n in_o a_o word_n depend_v on_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o tube_n what_o that_o pressure_n depend_v on_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v in_o our_o physicomechanical_a 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the_o same_o station_n be_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n high_a which_o be_v not_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o at_o first_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n it_o be_v present_o depress_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n condense_v till_o the_o water_n likewise_o rise_v in_o that_o to_o its_o first_o station_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n about_o suction_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n our_o hypothesis_n reduce_v to_o proposition_n i._o that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o as_o it_o have_v weight_n nor_o elastacity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o elevation_n ii_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v up_o liquor_n by_o suction_n 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shall_v be_v think_v to_o subside_o only_o for_o want_v of_o the_o internal_a air_n to_o bear_v it_o up_o we_o continue_v pump_v till_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o egg_n expand_v further_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n the_o air_n be_v thus_o far_o rarify_v we_o compare_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bubble_n with_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 20_o and_o consequent_o according_a to_o euclid_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o sphere_n be_v triplicate_v to_o that_o of_o their_o diameter_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o lesser_a being_n one_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o other_o must_v be_v 8000._o so_o that_o the_o air_n expanded_a possess_v 8000_o time_n the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o the_o glass_n egg_n be_v fill_v with_o such_o water_n again_o and_o no_o air_n include_v in_o it_o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v yet_o 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receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o expanded_a air_n distend_v the_o bladder_n so_o that_o it_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o vessel_n by_o who_o side_n it_o be_v guard_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n so_o that_o the_o expanded_a air_n keep_v the_o bladder_n distend_v two_o year_n for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o contrive_v a_o instrument_n by_o which_o i_o can_v learn_v whether_o and_o how_o long_a air_n various_o expanded_a will_v retain_v its_o spring_n by_o which_o i_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o the_o air_n lose_v any_o thing_n considerable_a of_o its_o spring_n in_o ten_o week_n time_n another_o instrument_n i_o make_v use_v of_o by_o which_o i_o can_v find_v that_o air_n expanded_a to_o 1000_o time_n it_o be_v usual_a dimension_n will_v be_v sensible_o affect_v by_o heat_n and_o lose_v the_o expansion_n it_o gain_v thereby_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o heat_n march_n 18._o we_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o cylindrical_a glass_n have_v a_o long_a stem_n at_o the_o unseal_v end_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n and_o invert_v into_o water_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o large_a pipe_n seal_v at_o one_o end_v and_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n long_o which_o be_v do_v the_o large_a pipe_n be_v so_o far_o exhaust_v that_o the_o air_n the_o invert_v pipe_n possess_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o it_o down_o to_o the_o stem_n upon_o which_o the_o large_a tube_n be_v close_v up_o the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v the_o same_o space_n 3_o month_n after_o except_o that_o betwixt_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o stem_n upon_o extreme_a cold_n the_o water_n rise_v ⅛_n or_o near_a ¼_n the_o close_v apex_n be_v break_v open_a under_o water_n it_o gradual_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n except_o a_o small_a space_n possess_v by_o a_o little_a bubble_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a part_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v ⅗_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n 3_o inch_n the_o bubble_n be_v about_o 2_o 10_o in_o diameter_n and_o 2_o 100_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o the_o bubble_n be_v according_a to_o dr_n wallis_n his_o computation_n to_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v when_o expanded_a as_o 1_o to_o 1350._o chap._n xii_o new_a experiment_n touch_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o mere_a cold_a and_o its_o compression_n without_o mechanichal_n engine_n etc._n of_o the_o air_n be_v condensation_n by_o cold_a etc._n etc._n to_o try_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v condense_v by_o mere_a cold_a when_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v not_o pre-affected_n it_o i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n in_o autumn_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n about_o noon_n on_o a_o sun-shiny_a day_n we_o place_v a_o bolt_n head_n in_o a_o frame_n so_o that_o the_o stem_n be_v
exprimit_fw-la per_fw-la tubum_fw-la c._n d._n primum_fw-la quidem_fw-la vehementius_fw-la subinde_fw-la remissius_fw-la prout_fw-la aeris_fw-la vis_fw-la elastica_fw-la sensim_fw-la conquescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la idem_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la intra_fw-la vas_n comprimendo_fw-la ad_fw-la aquam_fw-la evibrandum_fw-la comminisci_fw-la placuit_fw-la servatâ_fw-la analogiâ_fw-la dicendum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la aere_fw-la tum_fw-la conatu_fw-la manûs_fw-la rectâ_fw-la trusillum_fw-la impellentis_fw-la tum_fw-la open_a cochleae_fw-la similiter_fw-la conformatae_fw-la intra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la comprimendo_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la fistula_n deinde_fw-la multa_fw-la vi_fw-la emittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la ubi_fw-la reseratus_fw-la aeri_fw-la exitus_fw-la illum_fw-la subito_fw-la dilatari_fw-la permiserit_fw-la quin_n &_o pneumatica_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tormenta_fw-mi citra_fw-la conceptaculum_fw-la aeris_fw-la compressi_fw-la construere_fw-la non_fw-la inutile_fw-la accidat_fw-la si_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la nostrate_v pveri_fw-la surculos_fw-la sambuceos_fw-la fungosa_fw-la medulla_n exhauriunt_fw-la &_o utraque_fw-la tubuli_fw-la extremitate_fw-la papyraceis_n globulis_fw-la obstructa_fw-la alterum_fw-la globulum_n congruo_fw-la cylindro_fw-la propellunt_fw-la atque_fw-la inclusum_fw-la aerem_fw-la densant_fw-fr quoad_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o elasticam_fw-la &_o impellentis_fw-la manûs_fw-la conatum_fw-la non_fw-la ferens_fw-la extremus_fw-la alter_fw-la globulus_n edito_fw-la scloppo_fw-it expellatur_fw-la ita_fw-la ferream_fw-la fistulam_fw-la longiorem_fw-la paraveris_fw-la cujus_fw-la alteri_fw-la extremitati_fw-la immittatur_fw-la plumbea_fw-la glans_fw-la obducta_fw-la papyro_fw-la aut_fw-la simili_fw-la materia_fw-la ut_fw-la exquisitè_fw-fr tubi_n osculum_fw-la implens_fw-la demum_fw-la universam_fw-la aeris_fw-la vim_o excipiat_fw-la alteram_fw-la extremitatem_fw-la aliquot_fw-la spiris_fw-la ambiat_fw-la cava_fw-la cochlea_n quam_fw-la impleat_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la ferreus_fw-la in_o congruentem_fw-la cochleam_fw-it deformatus_fw-la si_fw-la enim_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cylindrus_fw-la vis_fw-la brevior_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quam_fw-la fistula_n &_o apto_fw-la manubrio_fw-la convolutus_fw-la in_fw-la fistulam_fw-la sensim_fw-la immittatur_fw-la totum_fw-la aerem_fw-la quo_fw-la fistula_n replebatur_fw-la ad_fw-la exiguas_fw-la spatii_fw-la angustias_fw-la adiget_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la magna_fw-la vi_fw-la demum_fw-la qua_fw-la data_fw-la porta_fw-la erumpens_fw-la ejacul_fw-la abitur_fw-la plumbeum_fw-la globulum_n casati_n mechanicorum_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 5._o p._n 792._o 793._o etc._n etc._n tittle_n v._o of_o the_o magnetical_a particle_n in_o the_o air._n title_n vi_o of_o the_o destruction_n generation_n absorpsion_n and_o extrication_n of_o the_o air._n air._n concern_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n air_n be_v a_o body_n not_o only_o concern_v in_o agreat_a many_o phenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o likewise_o so_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n be_v think_v it_o of_o no_o small_a use_n to_o thy_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v artificial_o prepare_v and_o obtain_v from_o body_n which_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o abound_v with_o air_n for_o can_v it_o be_v do_v it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v considerable_a in_o help_v to_o explain_v several_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n but_o to_o preserve_v divers_a much_o long_o under_o water_n to_o try_v therefore_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v effect_v and_o whether_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v air_n be_v true_o so_o i_o make_v use_v of_o the_o follow_a experiment_n take_v a_o durable_a springiness_n or_o elasticity_n as_o the_o criterion_n by_o which_o i_o shall_v judge_v whether_o the_o air_n generate_v be_v genuine_a or_o not_o experiment_n i._n jan._n 17._o steel_n air_n generate_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n file_n of_o steel_n and_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n which_o contain_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o be_v seal_v at_o both_o end_n but_o with_o a_o hole_n open_v near_o one_o of_o they_o be_v coveigh_v into_o a_o long_a and_o large_a tube_n so_o much_o water_n be_v put_v in_o with_o they_o as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o dilute_v the_o oil_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o external_n tube_n and_o the_o water_n exhaust_v till_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v so_o far_o raise_v in_o the_o open_a leg_n that_o little_o remain_v in_o the_o seal_a leg_n we_o close_v up_o the_o external_n tube_n exact_o and_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v cause_v to_o run_v out_o of_o the_o internal_a tube_n by_o act_v upon_o the_o metal_n it_o cause_v several_a bubble_n and_o a_o sensible_a heat_n when_o this_o conflict_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n so_o much_o air_n be_v generate_v as_o depress_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o open_a leg_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o raise_v it_o so_o much_o in_o the_o other_o that_o the_o air_n above_o it_o be_v more_o compress_v than_o when_o the_o atmosphere_n have_v free_a liberty_n to_o press_v against_o it_o the_o spring_n of_o this_o new_o produce_v air_n be_v so_o strong_a and_o durable_a as_o to_o keep_v the_o mercury_n at_o â—he_n same_o height_n 3_o or_o 4_o day_n and_o some_o day_n after_o a_o boy_n have_v heedless_o remove_v the_o tube_n from_o its_o usual_a station_n the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n ascend_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a at_o which_o height_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o 25_o of_o january_n experiment_n ii_o march_n 8._o water_n flower_n moisten_v with_o water_n a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o pint_n be_v fill_v with_o flower_n of_o wheat_n drench_v with_o water_n and_o the_o orifice_n be_v close_v with_o a_o cork_n and_o strong_a cement_n after_o the_o glass_n have_v be_v place_v 13_o day_n in_o a_o warm_a place_n it_o be_v burst_v by_o the_o violent_a expansion_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n though_o the_o night_n before_o part_n of_o the_o glass_n below_o seem_v empty_a the_o taste_n of_o the_o include_v matter_n seem_v to_o i_o only_o a_o little_a sowrish_n but_o to_o another_o manifest_o acid_a experiment_n iii_o march_n 9_o water_n raisin_n include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o water_n bruise_a raisin_n with_o a_o little_a water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n when_o it_o be_v exhaust_v i_o place_v it_o in_o a_o warm_a place_n in_o four_o day_n no_o air_n be_v generate_v but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o bolt-head_n be_v burst_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o raisin_n throw_v about_o experiment_n iu._n feb._n 22._o a_o glass_n which_o will_v hold_v about_o 3_o pound_n of_o water_n have_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o raisin_n put_v into_o the_o water_n a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o it_o which_o have_v all_o the_o air_n squeeze_v out_o and_z in_o two_o day_n time_n it_o be_v so_o fill_v with_o air_n that_o we_o can_v not_o tie_v it_o up_o without_o lose_v some_o of_o the_o water_n experiment_n v._n april_n 28._o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v put_v into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n we_o cover_v it_o with_o a_o receiver_n fit_v with_o a_o eel-skin_n and_o a_o wire_n to_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o a_o thin_a glass_n vessel_n be_v tie_v hermetical_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o furnish_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n exhaust_v we_o thrust_v the_o glass_n which_o contain_v the_o file_n against_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o break_v it_o off_o whereupon_o the_o file_n fall_v into_o the_o menstruum_fw-la a_o considerable_a number_n of_o bubble_n be_v generate_v the_o viol_n be_v keep_v ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n long_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o liquor_n acquire_v not_o the_o least_o greenness_n experiment_n vi._n water_n air_n shut_v up_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o spring_n water_n a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n be_v leave_v at_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a viol_n with_o a_o long_a narrow_a neck_n the_o cavity_n of_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o fine_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o then_o invert_v into_o a_o viol_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o liquor_n another_o viol_n which_o have_v a_o bubble_n in_o the_o top_n be_v fill_v with_o alcohol_n of_o wine_n and_o invert_v it_o into_o the_o the_o same_o liquor_n on_o the_o six_o day_n the_o bubble_n in_o the_o oil_n disappear_v and_o on_o the_o seven_o that_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n vanish_v experiment_n vii_o may_v 23._o spawn_n frog_n be_v spawn_n a_o receiver_n which_o have_v be_v three_o year_n exhaust_v be_v open_v and_o a_o black_a opacous_a liquor_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v frog_n spawn_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o viol_n be_v take_v out_o be_v of_o a_o stink_a smell_n but_o not_o mouldy_a it_o have_v yield_v some_o air._n experiment_n viii_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o miner_n meet_v with_o run_v water_n under_o ground_n they_o be_v by_o those_o supply_v with_o air_n enough_o for_o respiration_n though_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o stand_a water_n do_v not_o afford_v air._n experiment_n about_o the_o production_n of_o air_n and_o the_o examine_v thereof_o propose_v sect._n i._n to_o produce_v air_n by_o fermentation_n in_o receiver_n exact_o close_v and_o in_o
with_o london_n and_o at_o the_o most_o not_o exceed_v 52_o degree_n the_o ice_n be_v near_o six_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o frost_n so_o violent_a that_o bottle_n of_o brandy_n will_v have_v a_o four_o part_n turn_v into_o ice_n the_o unfreeze_v liquor_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o before_o the_o ice_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a from_o whence_o they_o supply_v themselves_o with_o fresh_a water_n either_o by_o melt_v it_o in_o their_o pot_n or_o by_o gather_v it_o from_o large_a cavity_n in_o float_a piece_n of_o ice_n where_o it_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n a_o traveller_n tell_v i_o that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a though_o the_o same_o day_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o another_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o wind_n at_o morocco_n be_v so_o hot_a as_o almost_o to_o stifle_v he_o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o below_o they_o there_o be_v cloud_n which_o yield_v rain_v plentiful_o out_o of_o which_o lightning_n flash_v upward_o as_o well_o as_o downward_o dr._n stubbs_n tell_v i_o that_o in_o a_o bolt-head_n about_o 2_o foot_n ½_n long_o about_o 7_o or_o 8_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n which_o be_v the_o faint_a time_n of_o the_o day_n the_o water_n will_v rise_v but_o ¼_n of_o inch_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n after_o which_o time_n it_o will_v subside_o till_o that_o time_n the_o next_o day_n he_o further_o add_v that_o in_o 8_o or_o 10_o month_n time_n in_o that_o hot_a country_n water_n will_v not_o decrease_v in_o quantity_n though_o keep_v unstop_v i_o be_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n near_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n though_o ice_n nor_o frost_n nor_o snow_n be_v ever_o observe_v yet_o he_o have_v know_v hail_n to_o fall_v and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o 6_o and_o 10_o degree_n north_n latitude_n in_o that_o torrid_a climate_n it_o will_v be_v so_o cold_a at_o the_o top_n of_o some_o hill_n to_o who_o top_n they_o can_v ascend_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n that_o they_o will_v almost_o shiver_v and_o capt._n knox_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v spend_v 18_o year_n in_o that_o island_n he_o observe_v a_o kind_n of_o meteor_n in_o winter_n morning_n between_o a_o dew_n and_o a_o hoar_a frost_n which_o present_o vanish_v and_o that_o once_o there_o happen_v a_o shower_n of_o hail_n which_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o black_a cherry_n but_o be_v present_o melt_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o the_o island_n suaquena_n that_o it_o excoriate_v the_o skin_n melt_v indian_a wax_n in_o a_o cabinet_n and_o sear_v your_o shoe_n like_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n yet_o on_o some_o mountain_n in_o aethiopia_n they_o dread_v cold_a more_o than_o heat_v though_o no_o snow_n fall_v but_o only_o a_o little_a hail_n now_o and_o then_o which_o soon_o melt_v and_o tellesius_n witness_n that_o in_o many_o region_n in_o aethiopia_n the_o air_n be_v more_o mild_a than_o in_o portugal_n so_o many_o degree_n distant_a northward_o at_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v over_o a_o long_a sandy_a desert_n it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o wind_n it_o bring_v along_o with_o it_o seem_v as_o hot_a as_o the_o steam_n from_o a_o oven_n and_o and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o island_n of_o st._n lovis_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o be_v further_o remarkable_a that_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o relate_v it_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o stand_v upon_o it_o and_o he_o further_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o a_o wood_n in_o which_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o wild_a beast_n lay_v it_o stink_v so_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v in_o summo_fw-la ejus_fw-la montis_fw-la idae_fw-la sc_fw-la fastigio_fw-la sacellum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la aedificiolo_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la constat_fw-la saxis_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la impositis_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la calce_fw-la cohaerentibus_fw-la fornicis_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la constructo_fw-la ad_fw-la tectum_fw-la praebendum_fw-la sublimi_fw-la adeo_fw-la loco_fw-la est_fw-la &_o à _fw-la vehementioribus_fw-la ventis_fw-la interdum_fw-la ita_fw-la perflato_fw-la ut_fw-la lapilli_fw-la inde_fw-la transferantur_fw-la 16._o petri_n bellonii_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 16._o paulo_n infra_fw-la id_fw-la sacellum_fw-la planity_n conspicitur_fw-la montibus_fw-la undique_fw-la cincta_fw-la in_fw-la quâ_fw-la multa_fw-la sunt_fw-la pascua_fw-la ubi_fw-la arietes_n &_o caprae_fw-la cretense_n aestate_fw-la pinguescunt_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la summo_fw-la montis_fw-la vertice_fw-la undique_fw-la prospiciat_fw-la pâ—â—â—…_n aberit_fw-la quin_fw-la totius_fw-la insulae_fw-la ambitum_fw-la videat_fw-la cum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d vicinis_fw-la insulis_fw-la miso_n cerigo_n sive_fw-la cythera_n 〈◊〉_d archipelagi_n aeris_fw-la intempery_n in_fw-la hoc_fw-la â—â—â—…te_fw-la adeo_fw-la magna_fw-la est_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o caeteris_fw-la praeâ—â—â—…_n montibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la caniculae_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la â—…ridie_fw-la nullo_n etiam_fw-la spirante_fw-la vento_fw-la ingens_fw-la senâ—â—â—tur_fw-la frigus_fw-la qua_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la nec_fw-la hyeme_n nec_fw-la aslâ—…te_fw-la 〈◊〉_d eum_fw-la incolit_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la pastor_n interdâ—…â—â—iâ—â—_n greges_fw-la ad_fw-la pascua_fw-la agunt_fw-la noctu_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o valles_fw-la se_fw-la recipiunt_fw-la in_o the_o next_o chapter_n latè_fw-la porro_fw-la patet_fw-la hic_fw-la mons_fw-la ejusque_fw-la radices_fw-la 〈◊〉_d maris_fw-la littora_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la diximus_fw-la attingunt_fw-la nam_fw-la licet_fw-la urbi_fw-la candiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicinae_fw-la meditullium_fw-la tamen_fw-la insulae_fw-la occupo_fw-la ipse_fw-la mons_fw-la adeo_fw-la in_o sublime_a evectus_fw-la ut_fw-la nives_fw-la ejus_fw-la verticem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la tegnant_fw-la tamque_fw-la frigida_fw-la aâ—ra_fw-la mediis_fw-la etiam_fw-la astatis_fw-la ardoribus_fw-la isthic_n est_fw-la ut_fw-la vix_fw-la ferri_fw-la queat_fw-la tametsi_fw-la in_o convallibus_fw-la magnus_fw-la sit_fw-la aestus_fw-la 8._o jacobi_n zabarelli_n de-regionibus_a aeris_fw-la c._n 8._o contigit_fw-la id_fw-la meae_fw-la experientiae_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la aliis_fw-la contigisse_fw-la audivi_fw-la ut_fw-la ascenderem_fw-la ad_fw-la summutatem_fw-la usque_fw-la montis_fw-la veneris_fw-la qui_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o patavino_n agro_fw-la altissimus_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la habui_fw-la aerem_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la sed_fw-la infra_fw-la circiter_fw-la medium_n montis_fw-la vidi_fw-la nubes_fw-la quae_fw-la i_o visione_n vallium_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la vesperi_fw-la autem_fw-la postquam_fw-la de_fw-la illo_fw-la monte_fw-fr descendi_fw-la inveni_fw-la factam_fw-la eo_fw-la die_v infera_fw-fr parte_fw-la magnam_fw-la pluviam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o montis_fw-la cacumine_fw-la nihil_fw-la pluisset_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la intellexi_fw-la i_o transiisse_fw-la per_fw-la mediam_fw-la aeris_fw-la regionem_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la est_fw-la facta_fw-la pluvia_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la eam_fw-la sensi_fw-la frigidissimam_fw-la imò_fw-la vix_fw-la aliquam_fw-la animadverti_fw-la differentiam_fw-la frigidioris_fw-la &_o calidioris_fw-la aeris_fw-la nam_fw-la aestivum_fw-la tempus_fw-la erat_fw-la pro_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la eram_fw-la vestitus_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantum_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quod_fw-la i_o laederet_fw-la ex_fw-la eo_fw-la loco_fw-la percepi_fw-la pars_fw-la igitur_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la absolutè_fw-la frigida_fw-la sed_fw-la solùm_fw-la comparatione_fw-la inferi_fw-la aeris_fw-la calidioris_fw-la idem_fw-la de_fw-la alpibus_fw-la proprio_fw-la exemplo_fw-la edoctus_fw-la testatum_fw-la reliquit_fw-la bartholinus_n sy_v phys_n instit_fw-la succinct_a de_fw-fr terra_fw-la aere_fw-la &_o igne_fw-la c._n 4._o resp_n 1._o mount_v atlas_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n have_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o several_a people_n who_o have_v visit_v the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n such_o as_o the_o alps_n and_o teneriff_n have_v find_v it_o exceed_o cold_a i_o be_o tell_v by_o one_o that_o he_o never_o hear_v of_o snow_n or_o ice_n in_o guinea_n but_o in_o barbary_n where_o the_o plain_n be_v excessive_a hot_a the_o top_n of_o mountain_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o island_n ceylon_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o congo_n in_o the_o summer_n 88_o i_o place_v a_o glass_n in_o a_o cave_n which_o face_v the_o sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o 80_o foot_n of_o earth_n and_o cut_v right_a in_o about_o 130_o foot_n the_o mercury_n stand_v ½_n above_o temperate_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o glass_n in_o the_o open_a air_n it_o stand_v at_o hot_a about_o christmas_n follow_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cave_n vary_v not_o but_o that_o without_o stand_v at_o frost_n in_o new-hampshire_n in_o new-england_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o north-west_n wind_n be_v very_o cold_a and_o in_o summer_n intense_o hot_a it_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o woody_n land_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o valley_n be_v close_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n till_o
whilst_o it_o be_v stir_v about_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o weatherglass_n gradual_o subside_v experiment_n iu._n etc._n another_o immerse_v in_o spirit_n of_o roch_n allom_n etc._n etc._n have_v pour_v as_o much_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o roch_n allom_n into_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o globulous_a part_n of_o a_o thermoscope_n when_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v equal_o cool_v with_o the_o air_n about_o it_o we_o pour_v into_o it_o a_o volatile_a salt_n obtain_v by_o sublimation_n from_o salarmoniack_a and_o a_o fix_a alcali_n and_o though_o upon_o the_o joint_a action_n of_o these_o two_o body_n a_o considerable_a noise_n be_v raise_v with_o bubble_n and_o froth_n yet_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n begin_v to_o subside_n and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o the_o spirit_n of_o allom_n be_v whole_o glut_v with_o the_o volatile_a salt_n the_o whole_a descent_n be_v the_o length_n of_o a_o inch._n from_o this_o experiment_n and_o the_o forego_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o alcaly_n and_o acid_n produce_v heat_n upon_o a_o mutual_a conflict_n which_o ensue_v their_o mixture_n they_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n precise_o consider_v as_o such_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o urinous_a salt_n mix_v with_o a_o acid_a spirit_n viz._n of_o roch_n allom_n produce_v coldness_n and_o not_o a_o true_a effervescence_n experiment_n v._n armon_n a_o thermoscope_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o sal_fw-la armon_n one_o part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o twelve_o part_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n acquire_v a_o little_a warmth_n but_o when_o it_o be_v cool_v be_v pour_v into_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n and_o a_o thermometer_n immerse_v in_o it_o when_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o thermoscope_n be_v equal_o cool_v with_o the_o external_a we_o pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o salarmoniack_a to_o glut_v the_o acid_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o mixture_n be_v that_o upon_o a_o cold_a ebullition_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n descend_v a_o inch._n experiment_n vi._n vitriol_n heat_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n though_o salt-peter_n usual_o produce_v a_o coldness_n in_o liquor_n yet_o eight_o ounce_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o six_o of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o mixture_n acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n emit_v fume_n copious_o experiment_n vii_o water_n the_o effect_n of_o gunpowder_n mix_v with_o water_n though_o gunpowder_n be_v a_o body_n so_o inflammable_a yet_o it_o evident_o impart_v a_o coldness_n if_o mix_v with_o water_n if_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n former_o make_v use_v of_o before_o the_o oil_n have_v be_v mix_v with_o water_n it_o acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n a_o digression_n about_o potential_a coldness_n explain_v potential_a coldness_n mechanical_o explain_v potential_a coldness_n be_v usual_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o quality_n so_o absolute_a as_o not_o to_o be_v explicable_a without_o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n but_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o may_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n be_v clear_o explain_v by_o mechanic_n principle_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o figure_n shape_n and_o texture_n of_o body_n may_v be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o lessen_v the_o usual_a and_o natural_a agitation_n of_o humour_n about_o our_o sensory_a and_o consequent_o the_o perception_n of_o this_o imminution_n may_v cause_v such_o a_o sensation_n as_o be_v usual_o term_v potential_a coldness_n which_o account_n be_v allow_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o potential_a coldness_n be_v only_o a_o relative_a quality_n depend_v on_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o agent_n through_o the_o body_n to_o be_v cool_v by_o they_o according_a to_o which_o notion_n the_o cold_a fit_n in_o ague_n may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v to_o arise_v from_o a_o intermixture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o some_o clammy_a matter_n which_o before_o a_o dissolution_n be_v unable_a to_o cause_v any_o considerable_a effect_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n but_o present_o after_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o blood_n produce_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n as_o affect_v the_o sensory_a with_o such_o a_o sensation_n as_o be_v usual_o esteem_v potential_a coldness_n which_o sensation_n may_v not_o only_o be_v so_o produce_v in_o ague_n but_o by_o a_o like_a cause_n in_o other_o distemper_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o in_o hypochondriack_n and_o hysterical_a case_n to_o render_v which_o account_v more_o probable_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o the_o effect_n of_o poison_n that_o the_o small_a part_n of_o they_o be_v interperse_v through_o the_o part_n of_o humour_n previous_o dispose_v may_v cause_v a_o notable_a refrigeration_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v prepare_v a_o penetrate_a chemical_a liquor_n a_o drop_n of_o which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o animal_n will_v cast_v he_o into_o a_o seem_a sleep_n and_o a_o little_o large_a quantity_n be_v by_o mischance_n apply_v to_o a_o akeing_n tooth_n give_v the_o person_n a_o sort_n of_o tremble_a and_o almost_o a_o universal_a refrigeration_n and_o that_o coldness_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o some_o subtle_a part_n of_o matter_n with_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n appear_v from_o the_o follow_a history_n famulum_fw-la habui_fw-la say_v benivenius_n cap._n 56._o abditorum_fw-la apud_fw-la schenk_n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la venen_fw-la obs_n 24._o qui_fw-fr a_fw-fr scorpione_n ictus_fw-la tam_fw-la subito_fw-la ac_fw-la tam_fw-la frigido_fw-la sudore_fw-la toto_fw-la corpore_fw-la perfusus_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la algentissima_fw-la nive_n atque_fw-la glacie_n seize_v opprimi_fw-la quereretur_fw-la verum_fw-la cum_fw-la algenti_fw-la illi_fw-la solam_fw-la theriacam_n ex_fw-la vino_fw-la potentiore_fw-la exhibuissem_fw-la illico_fw-la curatus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o relate_v by_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n cent._n 6._o obs_n vir_fw-la qui_fw-la a_o scorpione_n in_o manus_fw-la digito_fw-la punctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la multum_fw-la dolebat_fw-la &_o refrigeratus_fw-la totus_fw-la contremebat_fw-la &_o per_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolores_fw-la cute_fw-la tota_fw-la quasi_fw-la aut_fw-la puncta_fw-la formicantes_fw-la patiebatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o what_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o whether_o such_o refrigeration_n depend_v on_o a_o sort_n of_o coagulation_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o the_o blood_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o different_a determination_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o liquor_n as_o to_o the_o line_n they_o move_v in_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o examine_v but_o shall_v rather_o offer_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v since_o the_o internal_a constitution_n of_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v different_a from_o each_o other_o and_o since_o the_o size_n and_o texture_n of_o several_a agent_n be_v also_o various_a whether_o they_o may_v not_o upon_o that_o account_n have_v different_a effect_n upon_o distinct_a part_n of_o the_o body_n for_o all_o the_o quality_n of_o such_o agent_n do_v not_o whole_o depend_v on_o the_o action_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o medicine_n only_o but_o depend_v on_o some_o adventitious_a quality_n which_o they_o acquire_v by_o be_v mix_v with_o particular_a humour_n and_o which_o they_o may_v dispose_v to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o work_v upon_o by_o the_o other_o efficient_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n and_o these_o conjecture_n may_v not_o be_v render_v a_o little_a probable_a by_o observe_v that_o though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n inward_o take_v cause_n heat_v yet_o external_o it_o abate_v the_o heat_n of_o inflame_a part_n but_o have_v different_a effect_n on_o a_o tender_a eye_n and_o though_o internal_o five_o grain_n of_o camphire_n may_v diffuse_v heat_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o external_o it_o be_v use_v in_o refrigerate_a medicine_n how_o far_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v of_o service_n in_o determine_v whether_o camphire_n etc._n etc._n be_v hot_a or_o cold_a i_o shall_v leave_v to_o physician_n to_o consider_v and_o shall_v here_o only_o offer_v in_o proof_n that_o potential_a coldness_n be_v only_o a_o relative_a quality_n the_o follow_a particular_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o vi_o and_o vii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o body_n to_o be_v work_v on_o the_o agent_n may_v have_v different_a quality_n as_o fume_n of_o lead_n may_v coagulate_v mercury_n though_o it_o have_v not_o a_o like_a effect_n on_o other_o liquor_n and_o further_o although_o salarmoniack_a and_o nitre_n be_v when_o separate_a cool_a and_o though_o the_o latter_a melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n take_v not_o fire_n of_o itself_o yet_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salarmoniack_a it_o flash_v vehement_o but_o i_o shall_v leave_v this_o digression_n and_o proceed_v to_o experiment_n about_o cold._n experiment_n viii_o sal-armon_a oil_n of_o
than_o the_o air._n among_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o follow_v be_v remarkable_a have_v cause_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o stem_n such_o as_o fig._n 1._o plate_n 1._o delineate_n to_o be_v blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n the_o stem_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o it_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v erect_v will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n just_o where_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o egg_n and_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v but_o if_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v immerse_v whole_o in_o water_n or_o but_o half_a way_n in_o quicksilver_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o subside_o again_o when_o take_v out_o in_o this_o experiment_n several_a time_n repeat_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v sudden_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_o but_o if_o it_o be_v first_o immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o thence_o remove_v into_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o but_o not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n these_o trial_n be_v make_v the_o 26_o of_o june_n the_o wether_n be_v moderate_a but_o be_v repeat_v another_o day_n when_o it_o be_v windy_a and_o rainy_a the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o thermometer_n subside_v june_n 27_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n will_v subside_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n but_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v depress_v into_o mercury_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n some_o time_n till_o it_o be_v as_o warm_v to_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o will_v both_o of_o they_o immediate_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o january_n in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a 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notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la solique_fw-la temperiem_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la provincia_n frigus_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la poscat_fw-la poli_fw-fr altitudo_fw-la vix_fw-la enim_fw-la illa_fw-la excedit_fw-la gradum_fw-la secundum_fw-la supra_fw-la quadragesimum_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la per_fw-la integros_fw-la quatuor_fw-la saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeo_fw-la duro_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ac_fw-la gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxie_n ac_fw-la securissime_fw-la transeant_fw-la exit_fw-la iis_fw-la etiam_fw-la ingentia_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la excinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o mensibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o also_o may_v be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o precipitation_n of_o those_o by_o dew_n or_o rain_n which_o effect_n may_v perhaps_o be_v false_o attribute_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o hint_v i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v two_o weather-glass_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a length_n 3d._n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2d_o and_o 3d._n the_o division_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v half_a inch_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o not_o much_o less_o the_o one_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o be_v seal_v the_o other_o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o be_v not_o seal_v but_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n may_v rise_v with_o heat_n and_o fall_v with_o cold._n in_o these_o thermoscope_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o that_o which_o be_v seal_v the_o liquor_n regular_o ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o
their_o in_o do_v of_o which_o instead_o of_o liquor_n make_v use_v of_o in_o common_a glass_n we_o employ_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineal_n open_v by_o the_o most_o volatile_a spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o less_o danger_n of_o be_v freeze_v but_o susceptible_a of_o the_o slight_a degree_n of_o cold_a impress_v upon_o it_o by_o external_a body_n but_o though_o we_o think_v these_o weather-glass_n subject_a to_o few_o exception_n than_o common_a one_o yet_o in_o estimate_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o our_o reason_n and_o not_o quite_o exempt_a from_o those_o imperfection_n we_o have_v impute_v to_o weather-glass_n since_o i_o suspect_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o steam_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v have_v other_o effect_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o i_o once_o observe_v that_o have_v immerse_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n in_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o a_o lukewarm_a mixture_n the_o spirit_n rise_v up_o slow_o 8_o or_o 9_o inch_n in_o a_o tube_n not_o above_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o subside_v not_o again_o much_o above_o half_a a_o inch_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n a_o good_a while_n after_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v in_o water_n 5_o hour_n the_o chemist_n orthelius_fw-la in_o his_o theatrum_fw-la chymicum_fw-la vol._n 6._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o the_o oar_n of_o magnesia_n or_o bismute_v will_v swell_v considerable_o in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v in_o at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o subside_o at_o the_o new_a which_o observation_n the_o jesuit_n casatus_fw-la make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o argument_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v myself_o a_o tincture_n of_o amber_n make_v with_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n undergo_v several_a change_n when_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o bottle_n which_o other_o liquor_n abound_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n do_v not_o so_o that_o not_o unlikely_a if_o weather-glass_n furnish_v with_o different_a liquor_n be_v keep_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n there_o will_v be_v some_o disparity_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o but_o the_o peculiar_a nature_n of_o the_o respective_a liquor_n which_o though_o of_o different_a kind_n may_v receive_v the_o same_o colour_n from_o the_o same_o metal_n so_o copper_n give_v the_o know_a colour_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o afford_v a_o fair_a solution_n in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o well_o as_o give_v a_o lovely_a blue_n to_o spirit_n of_o urine_n or_o shall_v ammoniac_a and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o it_o will_v give_v a_o good_a tincture_n to_o chemical_a oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o show_v that_o even_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o weather-glass_n may_v be_v work_v upon_o and_o influence_v by_o external_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o one_o that_o lie_v by_o i_o some_o time_n emergent_a bubble_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v only_o make_v up_o of_o unite_a bubble_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o liquor_n or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o wine_n dispose_v to_o elasticity_n by_o frequent_a alteration_n i_o examine_v not_o but_o sometime_o they_o have_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o possess_v many_o inch_n of_o space_n in_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n which_o bubble_n if_o they_o be_v small_a and_o lurk_v about_o the_o juncture_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o of_o the_o cylinder_n may_v by_o divide_v the_o spirit_n in_o the_o stem_n from_o that_o in_o the_o ball_n hinder_v it_o from_o rise_v according_a to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o wether_n a_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v more_o dicffiult_o remove_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o glass_n than_o the_o spirit_n itself_o in_o favour_n of_o which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o water_n will_v pass_v through_o a_o narrow_a space_n than_o air_n except_o the_o latter_a be_v force_v but_o to_o draw_v near_o to_o a_o conclusion_n though_o i_o have_v mention_v all_o these_o difficulty_n about_o seal_a glass_n i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o do_v it_o with_o a_o design_n to_o set_v man_n upon_o great_a nicety_n than_o be_v necessary_a but_o rather_o to_o excite_v we_o to_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n as_o many_o collateral_a experiment_n and_o observation_n beside_o those_o make_v by_o our_o sensory_n on_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o factitious_a body_n in_o judge_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a as_o we_o can_v for_o though_o water_n be_v think_v to_o be_v most_o susceptible_a of_o such_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a as_o destroy_v fluidity_n yet_o beside_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n i_o have_v distil_v a_o substance_n from_o benzoin_n which_o become_v fluid_a and_o consistent_a upon_o much_o slight_a alteration_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a than_o will_v freeze_v water_n or_o thaw_v it_o and_o i_o have_v observe_v likewise_o that_o amber-grease_n dissolve_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o in_o other_o sulphereous_a or_o resinous_n concretion_n dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o liquor_n will_v shoot_v into_o fine_a figure_a mass_n in_o cold_a wether_n and_o re-dissolve_a in_o warm_a other_o be_v more_o rude_o congeal_v and_o even_o in_o chemical_a preparation_n of_o hartshorn_n and_o urine_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o spirit_n will_v be_v clear_a and_o at_o other_o time_n will_v suffer_v a_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o crystallise_v at_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o the_o wether_n in_o point_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n but_o to_o bring_v instance_n from_o more_o obvious_a liquor_n it_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o france_n by_o the_o watermen_n that_o their_o boat_n will_v carry_v great_a load_v in_o winter_n than_o summer_n and_o on_o freeze_a coast_n in_o several_a country_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o ship_n draw_v less_o water_n than_o on_o our_o british_a coast_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o water_n be_v heavy_a and_o thick_a in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v poise_v a_o bubble_n so_o exact_o with_o water_n in_o it_o that_o though_o it_o will_v swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n at_o night_n yet_o in_o the_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n have_v rarify_v the_o water_n it_o swim_v in_o it_o will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o sometime_o be_v so_o exact_o of_o a_o correspondent_a weight_n with_o and_o so_o equal_o poise_v in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o will_v neither_o subside_v nor_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n but_o move_v up_o and_o down_o till_o the_o water_n be_v either_o more_o rarify_v or_o further_o condense_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o chapter_n it_o appear_v one_a that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a predisposition_n in_o body_n the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o cold._n 2_o though_o weather-glass_n be_v subject_a to_o few_o alteration_n than_o our_o sense_n yet_o they_o may_v misinform_v we_o except_o we_o at_o the_o same_o time_n measure_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n by_o other_o instrument_n 3_o our_o seal_a weather-glass_n be_v high_o preferable_a before_o common_a one_o four_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v man_n easy_o deter_v from_o make_v experiment_n about_o estimate_v cold_a because_o they_o may_v seem_v disagreeable_a to_o vulgar_a notion_n since_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o the_o theory_n we_o have_v be_v not_o only_o very_o imperfect_a but_o ill_o ground_v chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o ascent_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a in_o common_a weather-glass_n concern_v the_o reason_n why_o water_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n descend_v upon_o heat_n and_o be_v raise_v by_o cold_a there_o be_v three_o opinion_n which_o may_v deserve_v our_o consideration_n examine_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o school_n concern_v the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n examine_v the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o school_n and_o common_a peripatetic_n which_o teach_v that_o the_o external_a air_n condense_v that_o include_v in_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o rise_v to_o fill_v up_o that_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o air_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n but_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o prove_v that_o nature_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o vacuum_n or_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o notion_n a_o naturalist_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o matter_n to_o suppose_v it_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o its_o own_o natural_a tendency_n for_o a_o public_a good_a i_o say_v not_o to_o urge_v these_o argument_n which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v use_n of_o i_o
not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v freeze_v leave_v some_o dissolve_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a brandy_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v wine_n freeze_v french_a brandy_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o russia_n freeze_v and_o salad-oil_n become_v as_o hard_o as_o tallow_n but_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v not_o freeze_v title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v body_n not_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v 1._o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o several_a body_n be_v bring_v over_o by_o distillation_n will_v not_o freeze_v by_o such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o freeze_v other_o body_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v aquafortis_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v then_o in_o possession_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o other_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o sack_n if_o good_a will_v scarce_o freeze_v but_o the_o inflammable_a part_n be_v spend_v by_o burn_v it_o will_v easy_o freeze_v 2._o two_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o ice_n at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v do_v 3._o that_o common_a express_v oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v freeze_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o curdle_n in_o cold_a wether_n be_v common_o observe_v yet_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o whale_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n continue_v fluid_a in_o wether_n that_o be_v very_o sharp_a but_o in_o a_o excessive_a cold_a night_n it_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n which_o seem_v to_o disfavour_v what_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a region_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o cast_v train-oyl_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o their_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o freeze_a and_o thereby_o unpassable_a the_o oil_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o congeal_v with_o cold_a but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o train-oyl_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o swede_n laplander_n and_o muscovite_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o different_a way_n in_o keep_v of_o it_o or_o not_o 4._o though_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n will_v freeze_v yet_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sugar_n of_o lead_n will_v not_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v remarkable_a since_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n itself_o will_v freeze_v beside_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o water_n in_o the_o solution_n and_o the_o sugar_n be_v but_o a_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o quicksilver_n will_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o sharp_a air_n though_o expose_v to_o it_o in_o very_o thin_a glass_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o it_o make_v a_o large_a surface_n 6._o a_o very_a sharp_a frost_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v a_o strong_a brine_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n other_o saline_a solution_n be_v congeal_v but_o a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o this_o water_n be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o in_o sea-water_n i_o thaw_v ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o dissolve_a ice_n will_v be_v fresh_a or_o not_o but_o it_o retain_v a_o little_a brackishness_n which_o i_o suppose_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n though_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n they_o make_v use_v of_o thaw_a ice_n instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n in_o brew_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 6._o p._n 42._o say_v de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la resolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ità _fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n fincbius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benemeritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o iii_o title_n 1._o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a make_v with_o quicklime_n volatile_a oil_n of_o amber_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v expose_v two_o night_n and_o a_o day_n freeze_v not_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v and_o spr._n sanguinis_fw-la humani_fw-la be_v freeze_v swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o force_v out_o the_o cork_n 2._o unrectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o another_o portion_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a porringer_n do_v 3._o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o water_n in_o scotland_n out_o of_o which_o a_o small_a river_n run_v the_o water_n of_o both_o which_o be_v never_o freeze_v but_o dissolve_v snow_n or_o ice_n if_o cast_v into_o it_o 4._o salad-oil_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o lock_n of_o gun_n from_o freeze_a hinder_v they_o from_o be_v discharge_v but_o oil_n of_o hemp_n or_o train-oyl_n keep_v they_o from_o freeze_a title_n iu_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n body_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v propose_v several_a thermometer_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v add_v this_o advertisement_n viz._n that_o though_o those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o liquor_n have_v the_o ball_n end_n round_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v to_o try_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a of_o consistent_a powder_n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o have_v flat_a bottom_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o their_o own_o basis_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o thermometer_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o 2._o freeze_a have_v be_v so_o general_o esteem_v the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o cold_a that_o most_o have_v be_v content_a without_o examine_v strict_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o very_o easy_o do_v since_o if_o we_o do_v it_o with_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o cold_a of_o one_o day_n exceed_v that_o of_o another_o since_o there_o intervening_a so_o much_o time_n betwixt_o the_o observation_n the_o alteration_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o increase_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o estimate_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v easy_o be_v mistake_v since_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o different_a sensation_n of_o cold_a which_o we_o perceive_v depend_v on_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o our_o body_n but_o allow_v that_o vulgar_a thermometer_n may_v give_v we_o a_o true_a information_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n afford_v yet_o they_o acquaint_v we_o not_o whether_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a much_o less_o will_v they_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o we_o may_v make_v some_o guess_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a on_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o aqueous_a liquor_n freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o vinous_a liquor_n here_o in_o england_n will_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o except_z french_z wine_n which_o happen_v seldom_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o freeze_v water_n beside_o the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o several_a strength_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o to_o discover_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n above_o the_o high_a degree_n that_o nature_n afford_v 1._o see_v plate_n 1._o fig._n 1._o we_o furnish_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o delineates_n with_o
condense_v by_o cold_a the_o air_n break_v in_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n for_o that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v beside_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_o observe_v than_o that_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o vessel_n who_o side_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o burst_v they_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ice_n be_v general_o protuberant_a and_o convex_a and_o that_o the_o break_n of_o bottle_n depend_v not_o on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n appear_v since_o shall_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fluid_a contain_v in_o a_o bottle_n will_v be_v so_o far_o condense_v as_o to_o possess_v less_o space_n than_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n there_o and_o the_o bottle_n not_o burst_v since_o glass-bubble_n much_o thin_a than_o ordinary_a bottle_n will_v endure_v the_o frost_n though_o stop_v close_o with_o air_n in_o they_o but_o not_o only_a water_n expand_v itself_o upon_o freeze_a but_o other_o aqueous_a body_n so_o egg_n be_v freeze_v burst_v their_o shell_n asunder_o and_o milk_n urine_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v set_v to_o freeze_v in_o distinct_a glass-egg_n the_o wine_n be_v freeze_v swell_v a_o inch_n above_o the_o first_o surface_n the_o milk_n two_o inch_n and_o the_o urine_n six_o or_o seven_o and_o a_o solution_n of_o dantzick-vitriol_n do_v not_o only_o become_v opace_fw-la but_o rise_v considerable_o high_a in_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n upon_o congelation_n whether_o more_o stable_n and_o consistent_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a will_v be_v worth_a inquire_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o very_a clock_n have_v be_v freeze_v so_o that_o they_o will_v not_o go_v and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o capt._n james_n in_o his_o voyage_n at_o charlton-island_n his_o watch_n be_v freeze_v as_o well_o as_o his_o clock_n whether_o these_o effect_n depend_v on_o any_o swell_v of_o the_o rope_n or_o whether_o the_o spring_n of_o his_o watch_n may_v be_v weaken_v by_o cold_a or_o whether_o some_o iceicle_n stick_v to_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v as_o bare_a conjecture_n to_o be_v further_o examine_v into_o by_o experience_n the_o phaenomena_n of_o a_o experiment_n about_o freeze_a referrable_a to_o the_o vii_o title_n read_v before_o the_o royal_a society_n have_v fill_v a_o bolt-head_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o two_o turkey_n egg_n with_o water_n till_o it_o wrought_v a_o pretty_a height_n into_o the_o slender_a stem_n be_v put_v into_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n it_o subside_v a_o little_a but_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v it_o will_v sensible_o swell_v the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o a_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o a_o raven_n quill_n when_o first_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n the_o water_n present_o ascend_v the_o height_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o present_o subside_v again_o which_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n will_v attribute_v to_o a_o constriction_n of_o the_o glass_n upon_o the_o application_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n second_o and_o though_o the_o florentine_a virtuoso_n relate_v that_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n after_o it_o have_v subside_v a_o little_a to_o rest_v and_o then_o subside_v again_o yet_o in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o make_v i_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o three_o when_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v a_o little_a it_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n till_o the_o liquor_n begin_v to_o freeze_v four_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o glass_n who_o stem_n be_v unequal_o big_a upon_o glaciation_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a one_o will_v be_v indiscernible_a but_o in_o a_o slender_a one_o it_o will_v ascend_v several_a inch_n in_o a_o minute_n till_o it_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n five_o though_o the_o forentine_a academian_o say_v they_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v again_o before_o glaciation_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o see_v such_o a_o phaenomenon_n six_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n when_o first_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o small_a iceicle_n be_v melt_v it_o will_v subside_o again_o yet_o if_o reapply_v to_o the_o mixture_n a_o second_o time_n it_o will_v freeze_v in_o half_a a_o minute_n title_n viii_o experiment_n concern_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n cold._n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1_o though_o the_o liquor_n we_o have_v mention_v expand_v themselves_o upon_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o cold_a yet_o we_o be_v not_o thence_o to_o couclude_v that_o all_o will_n since_o we_o have_v find_v it_o by_o experience_n not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n which_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o the_o cold._n 2._o among_o the_o several_a experiment_n make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_v 3._o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass-egg_n with_o a_o slender_a stem_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subsided_a ¾_n of_o a_o inch._n 4._o mercury_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o place_v in_o a_o bold-head_n in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n subside_v 2_o inch_n common_a oil_n place_v in_o the_o same_o mixture_n subside_v till_o it_o freeze_v but_o if_o it_o be_v immediate_o thaw_v near_o the_o fire_n it_o will_v expand_v itself_o so_o much_o as_o to_o rise_v about_o the_o mark._n the_o experiment_n succeed_v a_o second_o time_n and_o be_v try_v a_o three_o time_n the_o lump_n of_o the_o congeal_a oly_n will_v sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n oil_n of_o aniseed_n artificial_o freeze_v subside_v considerable_o in_o a_o small_a pipe_n empyreumatical_a oil_n of_o gaujacum_fw-la be_v expose_v to_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v not_o freeze_v but_o evident_o subside_v particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o viii_o title_n 1._o two_o seal_a weather-glass_n the_o one_o make_v of_o a_o tincture_n of_o cochineal_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o blue_a tincture_n of_o spirit_n of_o man_n blood_n and_o copper_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n till_o it_o begin_v to_o freeze_v and_o then_o be_v remove_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n set_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o thermometer_n subside_v oil_n of_o aniseed_n be_v put_v into_o a_o small_a glass_n with_o a_o large_a stem_n and_o place_v in_o a_o frigorifick_a mixture_n make_v by_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a subsided_a 3_o inch_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o oil_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a concrete_a which_o when_o it_o be_v leisurely_o dissolve_v the_o fluid_a part_n emit_v several_a bubble_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observe_v in_o this_o concrete_a that_o though_o when_o thaw_v it_o swim_v upon_o water_n yet_o when_o congeal_v it_o will_v not_o title_n ix_o experiment_n concern_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v cause_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n and_o its_o cause_n 1._o it_o be_v usual_o account_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n above_o water_n that_o it_o swim_v upon_o it_o for_o though_o the_o superficies_n of_o small_a portion_n of_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_o emergent_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o greenland_n where_o huge_a rock_n of_o ice_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v as_o high_a above_o the_o water_n as_o the_o mast_n of_o ship_n which_o can_v we_o suppose_v to_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o to_o be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a form_n that_o part_v immerse_v will_v 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be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o expansion_n of_o aqueous_a humour_n and_o also_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n and_o watery_a humour_n but_o as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o expansion_n except_o of_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o they_o but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v of_o any_o use_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o different_a proportion_n they_o contain_v of_o phlegm_n or_o other_o more_o spirituous_a ingredient_n i_o will_v not_o discourage_v those_o who_o curiosity_n shall_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o prosecute_v such_o experiment_n and_o as_o for_o the_o condensation_n of_o water_n by_o cold_a though_o perhaps_o in_o hot_a climate_n it_o may_v be_v considerable_a yet_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o very_o sensible_a in_o all_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v make_v here_o particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o x_o title_n 1._o a_o bolt-head_n who_o stem_n be_v 17_o inch_n above_o 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and_o superficial_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o but_o if_o against_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o shall_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la they_o only_o mean_v some_o earth_n mix_v with_o the_o common_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v how_o we_o must_v discover_v this_o but_o though_o i_o have_v bring_v these_o argument_n against_o this_o common_a receive_v notion_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o gassendus_fw-la who_o think_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v no_o more_o cold_a than_o hot_a since_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v incline_v to_o rest_n it_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o some_o extrinsic_a agent_n to_o put_v its_o part_n in_o motion_n must_v consequent_o affect_v our_o sensory_a with_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n than_o air_n or_o water_n who_o part_n be_v more_o agitate_a 4._o and_o if_o those_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la have_v 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and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n 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internal_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o prevent_v congelation_n particular_n referrable_a to_o several_a title_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o vi_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n relate_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o that_o the_o samojed_n when_o they_o bury_v their_o dead_a only_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o pile_n of_o stone_n and_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n may_v be_v see_v through_o they_o yet_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n preserve_v they_o from_o stink_a and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n they_o preserve_v their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n by_o harden_v it_o in_o the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o it_o be_v corn_v with_o salt_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o vii_o title_n i_o expose_v several_a vial_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o unstopped_a to_o be_v freeze_v and_o find_v that_o the_o bottle_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n so_o 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the_o glass_n or_o some_o peculiar_a softness_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o title_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o large_a bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n except_o the_o neck_n and_o that_o fill_v with_o oil_n the_o expand_a water_n not_o only_o elevate_v the_o cork_n but_o raise_v it_o several_a inch_n it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o cylinder_n partly_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o partly_o of_o watery_a particle_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v a_o general_n tradition_n among_o fisherman_n that_o when_o pond_n or_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o except_o several_a hole_n be_v break_v up_o for_o the_o air_n to_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n the_o fish_n will_v be_v suffocate_v and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o a_o thaw_n come_v where_o vein_n of_o live_a water_n do_v not_o enter_v but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o if_o the_o tradition_n be_v true_a they_o may_v not_o be_v kill_v either_o by_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n or_o their_o own_o excrementitious_a effluvia_fw-la prevent_v by_o the_o ice_n from_o make_v their_o way_n out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v further_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o excessive_a cold_a as_o well_o as_o for_o want_v of_o air._n wherefore_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v true_a or_o not_o i_o enclose_v some_o gudgeon_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n by_o apply_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fish_n live_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o like_a i_o observe_v when_o the_o same_o fish_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o little_a water_n freeze_v over_o where_o the_o external_n air_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o prevent_v from_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n under_o the_o ice_n which_o i_o suppose_v come_v from_o the_o fish_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v not_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o lamprel_n take_v in_o air_n and_o then_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n emit_fw-la bubble_n both_o at_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o gudgeon_n freeze_v up_o in_o ice_n in_o a_o basin_n recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o some_o that_o continue_v 3_o day_n in_o ice_n revive_v not_o frog_n freeze_v in_o water_n till_o they_o be_v all_o enclose_v with_o ice_n and_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stiff_a with_o it_o recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o swim_v about_o though_o before_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v with_o their_o bell_n upward_o and_o void_a of_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o wood_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n under_o ice_n will_v sink_v when_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o ice_n of_o wine_n be_v so_o durable_a that_o a_o butt_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v freeze_v in_o the_o winter_n continue_v unthaw_v in_o may._n purchas_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o piece_n of_o ice_n which_o they_o find_v lay_v fast_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v 20_o fathom_n under_o water_n and_o 12_o above_o and_o the_o other_o 18_o fathom_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o 10_o above_o it_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o purchas_n and_o several_a other_o that_o the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n in_o russia_n as_o well_o as_o in_o england_n make_v it_o fruitful_a cold._n of_o the_o separation_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n it_o will_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o effect_n cold_a
have_v upon_o occult_a quality_n as_o well_o as_o manifest_a one_o and_o likewise_o upon_o fermentation_n since_o it_o be_v observe_v to_o retardate_v the_o work_n of_o ale_n extreme_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o must_v may_v be_v preserve_v sweet_a a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o deep_a well_o or_o if_o let_v down_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o river_n and_o will_v when_o take_v up_o be_v less_o apt_a to_o ferment_n than_o other_o parcel_n of_o must_v keep_v in_o the_o warm_a air._n it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o the_o most_o spirituous_a part_n of_o liquor_n have_v be_v separate_v and_o collect_v together_o by_o a_o congelation_n of_o the_o phlegm_n wherefore_o to_o try_v what_o cold_a will_v effect_v in_o our_o climate_n i_o hang_v out_o a_o bottle_n of_o beer_n in_o a_o sharp_a night_n and_o find_v that_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v freeze_v the_o liquor_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v be_v very_o strong_a and_o spirituous_a the_o freeze_a part_n be_v spiritless_a but_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n tinge_v with_o cochineel_n be_v mix_v with_o water_n congelation_n separate_v not_o their_o part_n nor_o do_v it_o separate_v the_o red_a and_o the_o watery_a part_n of_o claret_n i_o make_v several_a trial_n upon_o milk_n and_o blood_n as_o also_o on_o vinegar_n in_o which_o my_o attempt_n prove_v insatisfactory_a but_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n be_v make_v in_o 24_o part_n of_o water_n so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o strong_a as_o the_o sea-water_n about_o we_o i_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o a_o flat_a vessel_n which_o be_v the_o large_a that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v considerable_a and_o when_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o cake_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v take_v off_o it_o acquire_v another_o which_o when_o dissolve_v yield_a water_n not_o near_o so_o salt_n as_o that_o which_o remain_v unfreeze_v and_o be_v hydrostatical_o weigh_v be_v considerable_o light_a have_v expose_v several_a 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much_o impair_v by_o be_v freeze_v i_o suppose_v it_o to_o proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o alimental_a juice_n be_v expend_v by_o freeze_a have_v not_o its_o own_o texture_n alter_v only_o but_o even_o the_o solid_a vessel_n which_o contain_v it_o be_v thereby_o bruise_v and_o crush_v for_o from_o several_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o egg_n will_v be_v burst_v by_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o alimental_a juice_n and_o that_o the_o texture_n of_o stone_n and_o vegetable_n will_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o powerful_a congelation_n of_o their_o respective_a juice_n which_o will_v be_v less_o wonder_v at_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o aqueous_a part_n by_o their_o expansion_n be_v able_a to_o burst_v the_o barrel_n of_o a_o gun_n have_v i_o have_v leisure_n and_o conveniency_n i_o will_v have_v try_v what_o effect_n cold_a have_v upon_o animal_n freeze_v to_o death_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o rabbit_n to_o the_o cold_a all_o night_n i_o find_v that_o only_o one_o leg_n be_v swell_v and_o a_o little_a stiff_a but_o a_o strangle_a rabbit_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v freeze_v ice_n be_v produce_v in_o several_a part_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o several_a modern_a writer_n that_o if_o water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o salt_n of_o vegetable_n upon_o congelation_n they_o will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o the_o plant_n they_o belong_v to_o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v several_a time_n try_v the_o experiment_n i_o find_v it_o either_o false_a or_o very_o contingent_a since_o it_o do_v not_o once_o answer_v expectation_n but_o have_v expose_v a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n to_o freeze_v i_o find_v that_o the_o crystal_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v prismatical_a and_o that_o under_o those_o lie_v a_o great_a many_o thin_a parallel_n plate_n of_o ice_n but_o not_o range_v in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n and_o though_o bartholinus_n tell_v we_o that_o if_o a_o decoction_n of_o cabbage_n be_v freeze_v it_o will_v represent_v a_o cabbage_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v except_o that_o once_o there_o appear_v the_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o a_o single_a leaf_n but_o i_o have_v find_v that_o fair_a water_n freeze_v will_v represent_v the_o shape_n of_o vegetable_n often_o than_o their_o decoction_n and_o though_o berigardus_n also_o affirm_v the_o same_o yet_o i_o suspect_v that_o he_o only_o wirt_z without_o try_v the_o experiment_n himself_o and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o prepossessed_a spectator_n may_v fancy_v they_o see_v such_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v not_o for_o though_o sea-salt_n and_o alum_n consist_v of_o part_n of_o determinate_a figure_n yet_o when_o dissolve_v in_o water_n they_o exhibit_v figure_n too_o various_a and_o extravagant_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o chance_n and_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o by_o distil_v and_o rectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n from_o sea-salt_n in_o a_o glass-head_n as_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n be_v vary_a so_o will_v the_o figure_n of_o tree_n be_v represent_v different_a on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n and_o i_o have_v several_a time_n produce_v the_o shape_n of_o tree_n from_o body_n belong_v to_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o though_o figure_v curious_a enough_o will_v be_v represent_v by_o spirit_n solution_n decoction_n vinegar_n milk_n and_o even_o common_a water_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o hope_v for_o the_o same_o success_n and_o that_o the_o like_a figure_n shall_v always_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o same_o liquor_n since_o very_o small_a circumstance_n will_v vary_v they_o considerable_o and_o in_o try_v of_o such_o experiment_n as_o these_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a that_o the_o liquor_n shall_v be_v as_o shallow_a as_o it_o possible_o may_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o speedy_o freeze_v a_o freeze_a egg_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n instead_o of_o common_a water_n it_o gather_v not_o about_o it_o any_o crusty_a film_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n wood_n that_o though_o new-england_n be_v 10_o or_o 11_o degree_n remote_a from_o the_o pole_n yet_o the_o winter_n be_v much_o more_o pierce_a and_o cold_a than_o we_o and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xviii_o title_n of_o the_o infrigidating_a power_n of_o wind_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v so_o much_o more_o cold_a than_o at_o other_o that_o be_v blow_v through_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n it_o will_v cause_v not_o only_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o subside_o but_o be_v blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o another_o weatherglass_n not_o only_o the_o liquor_n but_o even_o mercury_n itself_o will_v be_v force_v to_o ascend_v though_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a mixture_n can_v not_o cause_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o have_v often_o try_v that_o when_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v such_o that_o though_o when_o first_o blow_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o nice_a thermoscope_n it_o will_v not_o cause_v the_o liquor_n to_o ascend_v yet_o at_o another_o season_n the_o tinged_a liquor_n ascend_v as_o if_o the_o air_n by_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o compress_v in_o the_o room_n have_v some_o sensible_a effect_n in_o compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o thermoscope_n to_o try_v whether_o liquor_n by_o lose_v their_o fluidity_n and_o become_v consistent_a will_v acquire_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o coldness_n i_o cause_v the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n to_o be_v immerse_v in_o salad-oil_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n in_o vinegar_n or_o of_o quicklime_n in_o water_n either_o of_o which_o will_v coagulate_v the_o oil_n but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o
colour_n and_o taste_v of_o wine_n in_o thirty_o eight_o hour_n canary_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n which_o grow_v no_o thick_a in_o four_o day_n but_o neither_o claret_n or_o canary_n will_v freeze_v in_o tube_n or_o bottle_n two_o ounce_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n expose_v in_o a_o spoon_n all_o evaporate_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o brandy_n leave_v about_o a_o spoonful_n of_o ice_n void_a both_o of_o taste_n and_o it_o be_v inflammable_a quality_n but_o be_v hold_v betwixt_o my_o eye_n and_o a_o candle_n it_o discover_v several_a bubble_n a_o ox_n and_o a_o sheep_n eye_n be_v both_o freeze_v through_o in_o one_o night_n the_o three_o humour_n be_v opacous_a hard_a and_o inseparable_a the_o crystalline_a humour_n be_v white_a like_o whiting_n boil_v the_o waterish_a and_o glassy_a humour_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v of_o flake_n of_o ice_n sheep_n blood_n expose_v to_o freeze_v the_o serum_n be_v turn_v to_o ice_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n and_o thaw_v at_o the_o fire_n congeal_v a_o second_o time_n into_o a_o membranous_a substance_n but_o the_o blood_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o freeze_v the_o heart_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la of_o a_o dog_n and_o cat_n expose_v dead_a to_o the_o air_n be_v both_o freeze_v milk_n freeze_v into_o white_a flake_n be_v soft_a and_o with_o few_o bubble_n in_o it_o and_o retain_v the_o proper_a taste_n of_o milk_n the_o yolk_n and_o whites_n of_o egg_n be_v freeze_v in_o one_o night_n they_o thaw_v best_a by_o lie_v on_o newcastle_n coal_n or_o in_o a_o deep_a cellar_n i_o be_o tell_v that_o egg_n though_o they_o have_v be_v freeze_v will_v produce_v chickens-egg_n hold_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o freeze_v will_v acquire_v a_o crust_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o inward_a part_n of_o it_o still_o remain_v freeze_v and_o if_o those_o egg_n whilst_o freeze_v be_v poch_v they_o will_v be_v very_o tough_a a_o egg_n and_o a_o apple_n be_v suspend_v two_o foot_n deep_a in_o a_o cistern_n and_o take_v up_o after_o twenty_o four_o hour_n though_o both_o of_o they_o be_v full_a of_o ice_n within_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v contract_v ice_n on_o the_o outside_n horse-radish_n and_o onion_n freeze_v yet_o beer_n in_o which_o horseradish_n and_o scurvey-grass_n be_v infuse_v will_v not_o freeze_v so_o soon_o as_o strong_a beer_n without_o they_o orange_n and_o lemon_n freeze_v have_v a_o hard_a and_o tough_a rind_n and_o lose_v their_o genuine_a taste_n and_o when_o thaw_v they_o soon_o become_v rot_v apple_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n will_v have_v a_o thin_a ice_n on_o both_o plain_n which_o may_v be_v discern_v by_o a_o knife_n or_o the_o touch_n the_o skin_n of_o these_o apple_n soon_o turn_v brown_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o corrupt_v there_o oil_n expose_v look_v like_o butter_n melt_v and_o coagulate_v again_o but_o in_o cave_n and_o cellar_n it_o will_v never_o appear_v more_o than_o candy_a white_a wine-vinegar_n freeze_v in_o a_o tube_n without_o apparent_a bubble_n whatever_o have_v a_o watery_a humour_n in_o it_o will_v coagulate_v but_o what_o will_v not_o the_o next_o paragraph_n contain_v spirit_n of_o wine_n aq._n mariae_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la &c_n &c_n and_o canary_n in_o large_a vessel_n soap-boilers_a lees_n spirit_n of_o salt_n vitriol_n salt-petre_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o sulphur_n and_o spirit_n of_o soot_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o the_o two_o last_o afford_v a_o precipitate_v the_o first_o of_o the_o colour_n and_o taste_v of_o brimstone_n but_o not_o inflammable_a the_o latter_a a_o yellowish_a powder_n more_o bitter_a than_o the_o spirit_n and_o inflammable_a but_o though_o these_o spirit_n will_v not_o freeze_v yet_o be_v mix_v with_o twelve_o part_n of_o water_n all_o of_o they_o freeze_v except_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nitre_n and_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la i_o be_o tell_v that_o one_o have_v dissolve_v 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not_o that_o that_o act_v positive_o upon_o they_o but_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o cold_a liquor_n acquire_v a_o hardness_n its_o moisture_n be_v imbibe_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n immerse_v in_o it_o as_o also_o spirit_n of_o wine_n dephlegm_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o heat_v the_o aqueous_a part_n find_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o easy_a passage_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alkaly_n than_o through_o the_o spiritous_a liquor_n and_o i_o know_v a_o saline_a body_n which_o when_o incorporate_v with_o water_n the_o water_n will_v leave_v this_o a_o consistent_a mass_n and_o be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o for_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a explication_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o camphire_n by_o float_v upon_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v become_v a_o fluid_a oil_n and_o continue_v in_o that_o form_n till_o the_o subtle_a spirit_n which_o by_o pervade_v it_o keep_v 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produce_v a_o cold_a effervescense_n with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n and_o a_o considerable_a intumescense_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o glass_n which_o contain_v it_o will_v grow_v cold_a than_o before_o and_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n which_o will_v reach_v as_o high_a as_o the_o mixture_n but_o on_o the_o concave_a bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n there_o be_v no_o dew_n that_o be_v not_o sufficient_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n so_o that_o the_o mixture_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o sweat_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n since_o it_o taste_v not_o in_o the_o least_o of_o saline_a ingredient_n but_o lest_o our_o sense_n shall_v misinform_v we_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o this_o mixture_n we_o at_o another_o time_n immerse_v a_o weatherglass_n in_o which_o the_o liquor_n subside_v above_o four_o inch_n low_a than_o in_o common_a water_n though_o the_o acid_n liquor_n itself_o be_v keep_v all_o night_n in_o a_o room_n with_o water_n be_v of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o it_o which_o appear_v by_o a_o weatherglass_n immerse_v
convenient_a for_o the_o more_o commodious_a discern_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o this_o experiment_n to_o try_v it_o in_o a_o dark_a place_n and_o fourthly_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o advertise_v that_o the_o sulphur_n frequent_o so_o obscure_v the_o glass_n with_o its_o fume_n which_o partly_o stick_v to_o it_o that_o sometime_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discern_v what_o happen_v within_o the_o glass_n five_o it_o be_v requisite_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n shall_v be_v considerable_a that_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o sulphur_n may_v be_v more_o last_v the_o flame_a of_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o iron_n and_o not_o the_o force_n of_o its_o own_o flame_n experiment_n iii_o a_o very_a volatile_a and_o saline_a pierce_a liquor_n be_v drop_v upon_o file_n of_o steel_n the_o mixture_n grow_v hot_a and_o emit_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o very_o fetid_v steam_n which_o will_v kindle_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n and_o continue_v to_o burn_v a_o good_a while_n where_o we_o convey_v it_o into_o our_o receiver_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n of_o air_n it_o flame_v brisk_a than_o before_o and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o but_o after_o it_o go_v out_o it_o will_v not_o be_v kindle_v again_o though_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o upon_o it_o experiment_n iu._n spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o mineral_n which_o tinge_v its_o flame_n i_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n in_o a_o small_a glass-lamp_n with_o a_o slender_a wick_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o half_a a_o minute_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o flame_n be_v extinguish_v but_o let_v air_n in_o and_o out_o as_o occasion_v require_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v the_o turn-key_n be_v successive_o draw_v almost_o out_o the_o flame_n last_v a_o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o sometime_o long_o the_o turn-key_n be_v take_v out_o in_o the_o beginning_n it_o last_v two_o minute_n or_o better_o a_o pipe_n be_v bed_v in_o the_o cement_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o have_v at_o each_o end_n a_o open_a orifice_n almost_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o that_o which_o the_o turn-key_n usual_o fill_v the_o flame_n burn_v very_o well_o and_o will_v have_v continue_v long_o than_o it_o do_v if_o we_o will_v have_v permit_v it_o the_o orifice_n at_o the_o top_n be_v stop_v the_o low_a be_v leave_v open_a yet_o the_o flame_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o air_n be_v blow_v in_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o it_o be_v present_o refresh_v again_o yet_o in_o a_o minute_n after_o it_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v experiment_n v._n water_n flame_n preserve_v under_o water_n though_o it_o be_v teach_v that_o naptha_n and_o camphire_n will_v burn_v under_o water_n yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v that_o they_o will_v but_o three_o ounce_n of_o gunpowder_n a_o drachm_n of_o well_o burn_a charcoal_n good_a sulphur_n half_a a_o drachm_n of_o choice_n salt-petre_n near_o a_o drachm_n and_o a_o half_a be_v all_o powder_a and_o mix_v together_o a_o quill_n or_o a_o tobacco-pipe_n stop_v at_o one_o end_n be_v fill_v with_o this_o mixture_n and_o kindle_v in_o the_o air_n will_v burn_v till_o it_o be_v whole_o consume_v under_o water_n the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n keep_v the_o water_n from_o break_v in_o upon_o it_o at_o the_o open_a end_n in_o which_o experiment_n flame_n seem_v to_o be_v continue_v without_o air_n there_o be_v no_o air_n to_o preserve_v it_o under_o water_n but_o what_o may_v be_v lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n except_o some_o moist_a particle_n betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o nitre_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o preserve_v flame_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v rarify_v and_o form_n air_n for_o a_o time_n as_o the_o rarefy_v exhalation_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o be_v not_o true_a and_o permanent_a air_n but_o present_o return_v to_o water_n again_o experiment_n vi._n vacuo_fw-la of_o the_o flame_a of_o a_o metal_n in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v place_v the_o piece_n of_o iron_n so_o often_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o receiver_n we_o design_v to_o let_v a_o parcel_n of_o sulphur_n fall_v upon_o it_o but_o when_o we_o go_v to_o drop_v the_o sulphur_n down_o by_o accident_n it_o fall_v on_o one_o side_n the_o iron_n and_o whilst_o we_o be_v consider_v what_o to_o do_v we_o discern_v a_o a_o blue_a flame_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o glass_n which_o continue_v much_o long_o than_o that_o of_o ordinary_a sulphur_n and_o when_o we_o open_v the_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v afford_v by_o a_o metalline_a substance_n which_o lie_v melt_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v a_o composition_n of_o lead_n and_o tin_n but_o though_o these_o metal_n mix_v so_o open_v the_o body_n of_o each_o other_o as_o to_o yield_v a_o sulphureous_a fuel_n for_o flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yet_o in_o the_o open_a air_n they_o will_v not_o the_o iii_o title_n of_o the_o difficult_a propagation_n of_o actual_a flame_n in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it experiment_n i._n have_v kindle_v some_o sulphur_n which_o be_v of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n upon_o the_o iron_n so_o often_o mention_v i_o let_v down_o a_o piece_n of_o spunk_n upon_o it_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o by_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o flame_n it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o substance_n as_o black_a and_o brittle_a as_o tinder_n and_o dispose_v to_o kindle_v when_o touch_v with_o fire_n experiment_n ii_o another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o sulphur_n be_v kindle_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-it camphire_n though_o in_o the_o open_a air_n dispose_v to_o draw_v the_o flame_n of_o sulphur_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o kindle_v by_o hang_v in_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o and_o a_o match_n be_v partly_o dip_v in_o sulphur_n and_o let_v down_o upon_o the_o hot_a iron_n burn_v as_o far_o as_o the_o sulphur_n reach_v but_o no_o further_o experiment_n iii_o and_o iu_o have_v place_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n upon_o the_o plate_n of_o our_o pump_n and_o whelm_v over_o it_o a_o very_a clear_a and_o thin_a receiver_n we_o lay_v a_o train_n of_o gunpowder_n upon_o the_o paper_n and_o observe_v that_o though_o by_o a_o good_a burning-glass_n several_a grain_n will_v be_v explode_v yet_o those_o will_v not_o kindle_v those_o that_o be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o the_o propagation_n of_o flame_n so_o much_o depend_v on_o the_o free_a access_n of_o air._n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o a_o little_a instrument_n make_v to_o try_v gunpowder_n be_v charge_v and_o prime_v and_o suspend_v in_o vacuo_fw-la though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n the_o prime_a will_v be_v explode_v yet_o that_o will_v not_o kindle_v the_o powder_n contain_v in_o the_o box_n but_o when_o the_o exhaust_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o the_o pan_n new_o prime_v though_o the_o receiver_n be_v shut_v it_o will_v in_o that_o close_a air_n go_v off_o ready_o and_o also_o in_o the_o open_a air._n experiment_n v._n gunpowder_n be_v put_v into_o two_o bubble_n one_o of_o which_o be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o other_o not_o they_o be_v place_v upon_o live-coal_n upon_o which_o when_o they_o have_v stand_v a_o while_n they_o where_o both_o burst_n in_o piece_n but_o without_o the_o appearance_n of_o any_o flame_n which_o effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o coal_n act_v not_o only_o on_o a_o few_o grain_n of_o powder_n at_o once_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a area_n so_o that_o every_o particle_n be_v equal_o act_v on_o as_o to_o sense_n they_o be_v explode_v at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o the_o focus_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n act_v uniform_o on_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la cause_v it_o to_o explode_v at_o once_o but_o it_o may_v be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o focus_n not_o sufficient_o warm_v one_o part_n a_o partial_a explosion_n will_v only_o ensue_v chap._n xviii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o relation_n betwixt_o air_n and_o the_o flamma_n vitalis_n of_o animal_n experiment_n i._n air._n animal_n include_v in_o receiver_n with_o flame_n and_o air._n rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n contain_v in_o a_o glass-lamp_n with_o a_o thin_a wick_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o small_a green-finch_n be_v both_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n eighteen_o inch_n high_a and_o which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o twenty_o pint_n of_o water_n the_o flame_n of_o the_o lamp_n be_v extinguish_v at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o minute_n but_o the_o bird_n be_v brisk_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o minute_n be_v take_v out_o and_o when_o the_o bird_n recover_v again_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v
that_o for_o that_o reason_n i_o call_v it_o the_o icy_a noctiluca_n but_o though_o general_o it_o be_v colourless_a and_o transparent_a yet_o some_o small_a piece_n be_v opake_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n compare_v with_o each_o other_o 2._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o though_o consistent_a yet_o not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n but_o it_o be_v brittle_a and_o may_v be_v spread_v upon_o a_o solid_a body_n like_o the_o unmelted_a tallow_n of_o a_o candle_n it_o may_v be_v melt_v in_o hot_a liquor_n without_o waste_n but_o in_o the_o air_n a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v consume_v as_o to_o sense_n it_o be_v cold_a but_o be_v of_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o it_o easy_o become_v hot_a upon_o agitation_n 3._o when_o hold_v in_o the_o air_n it_o yield_v a_o vivid_n light_n if_o wet_v over_o and_o when_o first_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o not_o only_o shine_v but_o emit_v store_n of_o effluvia_fw-la as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v keep_v there_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n it_o cease_v to_o shine_v and_o also_o to_o smoke_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v take_v out_o it_o begin_v afresh_o and_o if_o part_v be_v immerse_v and_o part_n above_o water_n the_o latter_a will_v shine_v vivid_o though_o the_o other_o will_v not_o immerse_v the_o quality_n of_o water_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v immerse_v 4._o the_o water_n in_o which_o this_o noctiluca_n have_v be_v sometime_o immerse_v have_v a_o strong_a and_o penetrant_fw-la taste_n like_o a_o mixture_n of_o brine_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o relish_v a_o little_a of_o vitriol_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o small_a concave_a vessel_n of_o silver_n over_o light_a coal_n and_o ash_n it_o evaporate_v very_o slow_o and_o will_v not_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n nor_o afford_v a_o dry_a salt_n but_o coagulate_v into_o a_o substance_n like_o a_o jelly_n or_o the_o white_n of_o egg_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o melt_v by_o heat_n when_o keep_v on_o a_o hot_a fire_n it_o will_v first_o boil_v and_o then_o make_v a_o crackle_v noise_n and_o the_o explosion_n will_v be_v accompany_v with_o flash_n of_o fire_n and_o light_n which_o if_o they_o be_v small_a be_v general_o blue_a like_a flame_n of_o sulphur_n but_o more_o vivid_n and_o sometime_o bluer_n but_o the_o great_a flake_n appear_v yellow_a and_o very_a luminous_a and_o these_o phaenomena_n appear_v likewise_o for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o vessel_n be_v take_v off_o when_o this_o matter_n be_v almost_o melt_v by_o heat_n if_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v it_o acquire_v a_o rosinous_a consistence_n and_o tinge_v the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n blue_a by_o the_o fire_n work_v upon_o it_o it_o acquire_v a_o garlic_n smell_v and_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o air_n all_o night_n it_o turn_v to_o a_o liquor_n almost_o as_o strong_a as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o fire_n again_o it_o will_v afford_v the_o same_o phaenomena_n as_o before_o but_o some_o of_o the_o matter_n which_o before_o break_v out_o in_o flash_n sometime_o rise_v only_o in_o the_o form_n of_o smoke_n of_o a_o rank_a smell_n and_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v small_a yet_o it_o afford_v flash_n plentiful_o for_o a_o hour_n not_o what_o liquor_n it_o will_v be_v dissolve_v in_o and_o what_o not_o it_o will_v not_o dissolve_v in_o cold_a water_n though_o the_o water_n will_v be_v thereby_o impregnate_v so_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la impregnates_fw-la wine_n or_o water_n without_o have_v its_o bulk_n diminish_v it_o ferment_v not_o with_o spirit_n of_o sal-armon_a nor_o do_v it_o lose_v its_o luminous_a virtue_n but_o will_v shine_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n again_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n when_o cold_a will_v not_o dissolve_v it_o but_o when_o hot_a will_v melt_v it_o and_o it_o will_v lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o liquor_n aqu._n fortis_fw-la have_v not_o visible_a effect_n on_o it_o nor_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n when_o cold_a but_o the_o latter_a be_v hot_a it_o whole_o vanish_v in_o a_o night_n time_n without_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o oil_n of_o clove_n and_o melt_v by_o a_o fire_n when_o it_o be_v cool_v and_o the_o vial_n unstop_v it_o yield_v not_o only_o a_o light_n that_o be_v render_v more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o stander-by_n by_o its_o grateful_a smell_n and_o the_o like_v succeed_v with_o oil_n of_o clove_n in_o which_o liquor_n when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o noctiluca_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o vial_n be_v open_v in_o a_o dark_a place_n it_o will_v yield_v a_o flash_n of_o flame_n very_o vivid_v which_o will_v last_v a_o minute_n and_o sometime_o if_o a_o candle_n be_v in_o the_o room_n the_o shine_a fluid_n will_v appear_v of_o a_o pleasant_a blueish_a colour_n and_o another_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o the_o light_n will_v vanish_v whilst_o store_n of_o white_a fume_n remain_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o if_o the_o light_n chief_o depend_v on_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a part._n in_o oil_n of_o mace_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v luminous_a nor_o in_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n this_o noctiluca_n continue_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o considerable_a time_n undiminish_a 6._o this_o noctiluca_n be_v include_v in_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v partly_o dissolve_v and_o leave_v some_o earthly_a part_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n but_o do_v not_o discolour_v it_o upon_o unstop_v the_o vial_n no_o light_n appear_v but_o be_v drop_v into_o cold_a water_n the_o drop_n be_v kindle_v by_o it_o but_o those_o flash_n immediate_o disappear_v the_o water_n not_o be_v luminous_a which_o phaenomenon_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o antiperistasis_n i_o drop_v the_o impregnated_a spirit_n upon_o hot_a water_n and_o find_v that_o the_o same_o phaenomenon_n succeed_v and_o this_o noctiluca_n diffuse_v its_o virtue_n so_o far_o that_o one_o grain_n impregnate_v a_o thousand_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o flash_n so_o sudden_o disappear_v it_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o sudden_a dispersion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o spirit_n through_o the_o water_n and_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o luciferous_a matter_n so_o camphire_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o drop_v upon_o cold_a water_n be_v leave_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o the_o spirit_n be_v immediate_o disperse_v through_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n discover_v a_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o part_n in_o the_o glacial_n noctiluca_n have_v dissolve_v a_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_n in_o a_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o add_v gradual_o fifty_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o water_n the_o noctiluca_n render_v the_o whole_a light_n when_o shake_v in_o the_o dark_a so_o that_o one_o grain_n render_v 100000_o time_n its_o weight_n of_o liquor_n luminous_a and_o what_o be_v more_o strange_a be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o steam_n appear_v luminous_a but_o the_o light_n seem_v in_o some_o measure_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a water_n which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v proceed_v from_o the_o exhalation_n which_o shine_v through_o that_o diaphanous_a water_n though_o when_o the_o glass_n be_v shake_v the_o whole_a mass_n appear_v luminous_a and_o the_o experiment_n be_v further_o prosecute_v a_o grain_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n dissolve_v in_o alkohol_n of_o wine_n and_o shake_v in_o water_n it_o render_v 400000_o time_n its_o weight_n luminous_a throughout_o and_o at_o another_o trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o impregnate_v 500000_o time_n its_o weight_n which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o part_n of_o cochineel_n can_v communicate_v its_o colour_n to_o the_o utmost_a be_v 125000_o part_n of_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n â…›_n of_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v undissolve_v and_o have_v we_o to_o the_o aforementioned_a estimate_n add_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o illuminate_v ambient_fw-la air_n the_o expansion_n of_o this_o noctiluca_n will_v have_v be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o abovementioned_a number_n denote_v but_o to_o demonstrate_v further_o the_o strange_a subtlety_n of_o our_o noctilucal_n matter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o three_o grain_n of_o our_o noctiluca_fw-la be_v place_v upon_o a_o flat-bottomed_a glass_n that_o be_v broad_a at_o the_o top_n than_o the_o bottom_n and_o shallow_a that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v more_o full_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o shelve_v posture_n that_o upon_o its_o resolution_n in_o the_o moist_a air_n it_o may_v present_o run_v down_o and_o not_o hinder_v the_o free_a evaporation_n of_o the_o remain_a matter_n the_o vessel_n be_v thus_o place_v all_o the_o fragment_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n begin_v to_o shine_v brisk_o and_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o till_o reduce_v to_o very_o small_a part_n so_o
mace_n as_o with_o oil_n of_o cinnamon_n yet_o upon_o further_a trial_n i_o find_v that_o it_o succeed_v and_o to_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v further_o add_v when_o the_o noctiluca_n be_v whole_o consume_v to_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v turn_v with_o the_o other_o side_n upward_o it_o will_v immediate_o take_v fire_n afresh_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n v._o part_n i._n chap._n i._n new_a experiment_n of_o the_o positive_a or_o relative_n levity_n of_o body_n under_o water_n body_n argument_n against_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o emerge_a body_n when_o any_o body_n that_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o force_n which_o depress_v it_o it_o rise_v again_o it_o be_v usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o that_o body_n but_o since_o the_o instance_n of_o wood_n emerge_v be_v that_o which_o be_v usual_o offer_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o wood_n be_v a_o body_n full_a of_o pore_n except_o some_o which_o will_v not_o swim_v in_o water_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o water_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v incumbent_n get_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o body_n immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o rise_v the_o water_n which_o succeed_v it_o in_o its_o place_n make_v a_o more_o powerful_a pressure_n against_o it_o than_o its_o specific_a gravity_n enable_v it_o to_o resist_v and_o that_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n will_v be_v thus_o buoy_v up_o by_o it_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o hydrostatical_a paradox_n hereafter_o to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o urge_v that_o the_o body_n imimmerse_v be_v too_o close_o contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n for_o the_o water_n to_o insinuate_v themselves_o betwixt_o yet_o from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o be_v the_o contiguous_a surface_n so_o close_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o for_o two_o black_a marble_n be_v so_o exact_o polish_v as_o to_o be_v as_o contiguous_a as_o possible_o they_o may_v we_o tie_v a_o bladder_n full_a of_o air_n to_o the_o uppermost_a and_o then_o cause_v they_o both_o to_o be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o bladder_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o a_o servant_n the_o uppermost_a marble_n be_v gradual_o slip_v half_a off_o the_o polish_a surface_n of_o the_o low_a the_o water_n which_o before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contiguous_a marble_n and_o to_o separate_v they_o present_o cause_v the_o bladder_n to_o rise_v with_o a_o considerable_a swiftness_n and_o force_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o event_n that_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v on_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v evident_a since_o that_o will_v have_v a_o equal_a force_n when_o the_o polish_a surface_n be_v whole_o contiguous_a the_o power_n of_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v hold_v by_o its_o assertor_n to_o be_v unlimited_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o heaviness_n of_o the_o upper_a marble_n nor_o want_v of_o lightness_n in_o the_o include_v appear_v since_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o polish_a marble_n be_v not_o contiguous_a the_o bladder_n be_v able_a to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o pound_n beside_o the_o marble_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o hydrostaticks_n usual_o buoy_v up_o body_n specifical_o light_a than_o itself_o have_v press_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o a_o bladder_n i_o tie_v a_o piece_n of_o iron_n to_o it_o and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n which_o be_v so_o deep_a that_o the_o bladder_n be_v total_o immerse_v and_o yet_o not_o far_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o pneumatick_a engine_n when_o by_o exhaust_v the_o air_n part_n of_o the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expand_v itself_o and_o take_v up_o more_o room_n in_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o become_v so_o much_o more_o specifical_o light_a and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o water_n which_o endeavour_v to_o buoy_v it_o up_o become_v respective_o great_a it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o suspend_v weight_n raise_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v contract_v into_o its_o former_a dimension_n it_o subside_v again_o in_o which_o experiment_n the_o positive_a levity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o vary_a but_o only_o its_o relative_a and_o respective_a weight_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o proportion_n of_o water_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n alter_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o body_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v oil_v a_o bladder_n and_o when_o the_o air_n be_v express_v tie_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n though_o the_o air_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n yet_o the_o vial_n neither_o rose_n high_o nor_o subsidede_v low_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o or_o let_v in_o again_o chap._n ii_o new_a experiment_n about_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n water_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n on_o body_n under_o water_n to_o show_v that_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n have_v manifest_a effect_n on_o body_n separate_v from_o a_o immediate_a contact_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o water_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n ii_o we_o lute_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o vial_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v above_o a_o point_n of_o water_n upon_o that_o pipe_n which_o convey_v air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n into_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v we_o whelm_v over_o this_o receiver_n our_o large_a one_o and_o have_v pour_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n we_o close_v it_o up_o with_o the_o turn-key_n that_o no_o air_n may_v get_v out_o that_o way_n and_o then_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o vial_n if_o fly_v into_o a_o great_a many_o piece_n the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o large_a receiver_n experiment_n ii_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o bladder_n tie_v to_o a_o weight_n which_o keep_v it_o something_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n expanded_a as_o the_o air_n on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v extract_v experiment_n iii_o a_o brass_n plug_n be_v fit_v to_o a_o cylinder_n which_o be_v close_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n at_o one_o end_n we_o put_v a_o bladder_n half_o blow_v into_o the_o cylinder_n and_o place_v the_o plug_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o weight_n of_o a_o conical_a figure_n upon_o that_o we_o pour_v so_o much_o water_n into_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o it_o be_v place_v as_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o conical_a weight_n but_o leave_v the_o ring_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turn-key_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o string_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o order_v when_o the_o air_n above_o the_o water_n be_v considerable_o exhaust_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cylinder_n raise_v the_o plugg_n and_o weight_n a_o considerable_a height_n though_o the_o whole_a weight_n amount_v to_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n experiment_n iu._n a_o glass_n vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n and_o immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a brass_n cylinder_n of_o water_n this_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o receiver_n and_o when_o the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n be_v violent_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n incumbent_a on_o the_o water_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o that_o spring_n experiment_n v._n to_o show_v that_o the_o expansion_n
or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v high_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o bubble_n n._n b._n 1._o that_o the_o bubble_n not_o be_v all_o equal_o poise_v sometime_o one_o and_o sometime_o two_o will_v rise_v as_o the_o air_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o capable_a of_o affect_v the_o light_a only_a or_o all_o 2._o the_o success_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v for_o when_o the_o subside_v depend_v on_o some_o occult_a cause_n they_o will_v continue_v there_o as_o if_o some_o airy_a part_n have_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o fit_a time_n for_o these_o experiment_n and_o in_o which_o they_o best_o succeed_v be_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o air_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o vary_v in_o its_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n fluid_n of_o the_o different_a pressure_n of_o solid_n and_o fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o light_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o some_o high_a mountain_n as_o not_o to_o elevate_v mercury_n so_o high_a in_o a_o baroscope_n by_o three_o inch_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o those_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o those_o mountain_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o perceive_v no_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o and_o below_o nor_o be_v miner_n sensible_a of_o any_o great_a weight_n upon_o they_o though_o in_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n nor_o be_v divers_a sensible_a of_o any_o pressure_n when_o under_o water_n but_o that_o air_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o evident_a yet_o i_o do_v think_v that_o a_o diver_n be_v violent_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o water_n the_o subjacent_a water_n will_v sustain_v he_o but_o his_o body_n be_v heavy_a than_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n depress_n it_o for_o which_o reason_n in_o some_o sea-water_n which_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o their_o body_n divers_a find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o dive_v however_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n as_o one_o hundred_o fathom_n divers_n shall_v not_o perceive_v a_o sensible_a pressure_n especial_o upon_o their_o thorax_n and_o abdomen_fw-la but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o some_o of_o they_o rather_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v they_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o else_o the_o haste_n which_o they_o rise_v and_o sink_v in_o since_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o they_o have_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a pressure_n when_o they_o sink_v leisurely_o and_o i_o be_v likewise_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o when_o he_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n the_o blood_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o his_o nose_n and_o eye_n and_o another_o who_o dive_v in_o a_o leathern-case_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o press_v against_o his_o thorax_n and_o belly_n that_o he_o be_v force_v sudden_o to_o come_v up_o again_o but_o since_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o pressure_n be_v no_o more_o sensible_a which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o strong_a texture_n of_o a_o human_a body_n and_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n as_o to_o the_o first_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o our_o body_n to_o external_a pressure_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n
incumbent_a on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n and_o the_o low_a end_n be_v immerse_v three_o inch_n in_o water_n the_o liquid_a within_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o free_a communication_n will_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n with_o the_o external_a water_n and_o in_o thin_a tube_n a_o little_a high_o but_o if_o oil_n be_v gradual_o pour_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n the_o superficial_a plain_n will_v have_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o it_o without_o than_o within_o and_o consequent_o the_o water_n under_o the_o tube_n find_v not_o so_o great_a a_o pressure_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o without_o it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n be_v equal_a but_o since_o this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o follow_a paradox_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o show_v air_n be_v not_o a_o body_n devoid_a of_o weight_n as_o some_o peripatetic_n suppose_v the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o glass_n bubble_n be_v blow_v who_o capacity_n be_v short_a of_o two_o cubical_a inch_n it_o be_v instant_o hermetical_o seal_v whilst_o hot_a and_o when_o it_o be_v cool_v be_v place_v in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o air_n rush_v in_o with_o a_o noise_n cause_v the_o bubble_n to_o preponderate_v half_a a_o grain_n though_o by_o break_v of_o the_o stem_n under_o water_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rarify_v air_n remain_v in_o the_o seal_a glass_n possess_v one_o four_o of_o its_o capacity_n another_o time_n the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v the_o air_n contain_v seem_v to_o weigh_v near_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o common_a water_n it_o weigh_v 905_o grain_n so_o that_o allow_v the_o air_n contain_v to_o take_v up_o one_o four_o and_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o remain_a part_n be_v ¼_n probable_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v about_o a_o grain_n and_o consequent_o the_o water_n weigh_v little_o more_o than_o nine_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o air._n paradox_n i._n paradox_n 1_o that_o in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n the_o low_a part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o upper_a if_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n 1._o a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n the_o first_o a_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v immerse_v which_o contain_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o that_o oil_n be_v suspend_v there_o by_o keep_v the_o upper_a orifice_n close_o after_o it_o have_v be_v suck_v up_o to_o a_o convenient_a height_n till_o the_o pipe_n be_v depress_v to_o a_o convenient_a depth_n in_o the_o water_n if_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n b_o qui_fw-fr be_v immerse_v till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o oil_n x_o q_o press_v no_o more_o upon_o that_o imaginary_a surface_n than_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n than_o the_o oil_n will_v be_v suspend_v there_o and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n below_o it_o but_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v much_o above_o the_o water_n and_o it_o press_v more_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n g_o h_n than_o the_o water_n without_o than_o it_o will_v make_v its_o way_n through_o that_o surface_n till_o the_o oil_n within_o and_o the_o water_n without_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la again_o so_o that_o they_o both_o equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n and_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o surface_n d_o s_o and_o gradual_o on_o to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o for_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o as_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n be_v near_a the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n so_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n grow_v preponderant_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n till_o the_o tube_n t_o v_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o but_o a_o little_a water_n press_v upon_o that_o surface_n the_o oil_n be_v almost_o whole_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n of_o it_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o raise_v the_o pipe_n p_o q_n it_o be_v depress_v to_o the_o position_n n_n o_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o on_o the_o outside_n the_o pipe_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o cylinder_n or_o oil_n w_n ae_n which_o be_v only_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n lean_v on_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n the_o oil_n must_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n and_o the_o space_n o_o ae_n fill_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o oil_n betwixt_o w_n ae_n and_o ae_n o_o be_v both_o aequiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n they_o may_v equal_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o with_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n and_o agreeable_a to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v that_o the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n x_o q_o will_v be_v something_o above_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v only_o immerse_v to_o the_o surface_n q._n since_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v specifical_o light_a than_o water_n the_o cylinder_n must_v be_v long_o to_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n equal_o with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n no_o long_o than_o from_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o to_o g_o h._n and_o if_o a_o heavy_a liquor_n than_o water_n be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o surface_n x_o must_v be_v more_o above_o l_o m_o than_o in_o water_n otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o press_v equal_o upon_o the_o subjacent_a surface_n from_o whence_o appear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n for_o if_o the_o oil_n be_v keep_v suspend_v at_o a_o different_a height_n as_o the_o external_a water_n be_v deep_a to_o countervail_v it_o and_o if_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v from_o g_o h_n to_o i_o k_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v press_v out_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v press_v down_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n since_o then_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o k_o be_v not_o equal_o press_v upon_o from_o without_o as_o by_o the_o oil_n it_o be_v able_a to_o break_v that_o surface_n and_o make_v its_o way_n out_o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a advertisement_n first_o what_o we_o say_v of_o the_o pressure_n of_o fluid_n upon_o one_o another_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o heavy_a fluid_n in_o general_a except_o some_o reason_n appear_v for_o a_o particular_a exception_n in_o some_o place_n second_o that_o in_o slender_a pipe_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o liquor_n within_o be_v general_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_a three_o small_a pipe_n be_v the_o fit_a for_o these_o experiment_n because_o in_o large_a the_o emerge_v oil_n pass_v through_o the_o water_n obscure_v the_o light_n of_o what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v visible_a four_o we_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o liquor_n because_o clear_v and_o colourless_a and_o not_o apt_a to_o stain_v one_o clothes_n and_o as_o for_o the_o offensive_a smell_n that_o may_v be_v correct_v with_o oil_n of_o rhodium_n or_o any_o other_o odoriferous_a oil_n though_o any_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o that_o will_v not_o mix_v with_o water_n five_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n may_v be_v tinge_v with_o copper_n to_o render_v the_o phaenomena_n within_o more_o visible_a for_o which_o reason_n we_o often_o employ_v a_o decoction_n of_o brasil_n instead_o of_o clear_a water_n or_o of_o log-wood_n or_o red_a ink_n itself_o six_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v what_o you_o please_v but_o the_o pipe_n must_v be_v broad_a or_o long_o as_o occasion_n require_v seven_o the_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v by_o suck_v up_o the_o air_n to_o a_o convenient_a height_n and_o then_o stop_v the_o orifice_n above_o with_o one_o finger_n but_o if_o it_o be_v too_o high_a the_o experimenter_n may_v let_v it_o out_o as_o he_o please_v by_o admit_v a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o at_o the_o top_n by_o gradual_o remove_v his_o finger_n last_o in_o such_o experiment_n as_o require_v a_o considerable_a disparity_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mingle_a liquor_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la
water_n be_v raise_v by_o it_o as_o wood_n and_o drop_n of_o oil_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n upon_o the_o low_a part_n n_n than_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o the_fw-mi be_v a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n a_o k._n b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h._n b_o ay_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_n for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n it_o be_v consequent_o unable_a to_o resist_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n beneath_o it_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wherever_o it_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n gradual_o raise_v up_o for_o the_o oil_n be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o above_o and_o the_o other_o below_o and_o the_o low_a be_v long_a by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o rise_a body_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o it_o must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o more_o or_o less_o swift_o as_o the_o low_a basis_n press_v more_o or_o less_o on_o the_o subjacent_a superficies_n and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o two_o piece_n of_o stick_n of_o a_o different_a length_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o long_a rise_v the_o fast_o for_o if_o o_o p_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o q_o r_o but_o one_o and_o both_o rest_v upon_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n the_o one_o have_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n a_o foot_n long_o to_o resist_v its_o rise_n than_o the_o other_o and_o as_o the_o emerge_a body_n rise_v slow_a as_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a pillar_n of_o water_n be_v less_o so_o thence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o some_o liquor_n who_o whiteness_n depend_v on_o the_o intermixture_n of_o drop_n be_v so_o long_a a_o rise_n the_o minuteness_n of_o they_o render_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a pillar_n of_o air_n inconsiderable_a but_o as_o these_o drop_n by_o move_v up_o and_o down_o unite_v into_o large_a the_o difference_n grow_v more_o considerable_a they_o be_v according_o buoy_v up_o in_o less_o time_n and_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n 2._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 2._o that_o these_o body_n float_v upon_o water_n a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o wood_n be_v by_o its_o specify_v gravity_n only_o so_o far_o depress_v into_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vial_n a_o b._n c_o d_o till_o the_o water_n about_o it_o make_v a_o equal_a pressure_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n x_o w_n and_o because_o the_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la as_o water_n therefore_o part_n be_v keep_v emerge_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o but_o to_o show_v further_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o float_a body_n be_v equal_a to_o as_o much_o water_n as_o its_o immersed_a port_n take_v up_o the_o room_n of_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v place_v several_a mark_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o float_a glass_n and_o when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o water_n put_v just_a so_o much_o water_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v it_o up_o to_o those_o mark_n by_o that_o mean_v i_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v the_o space_n possess_v by_o the_o float_a vessel_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a float_a vessel_n and_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o end_n may_v be_v obtain_v another_o way_n viz._n by_o first_o fill_v a_o cistern_n or_o pond_n with_o water_n by_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o know_a capacity_n and_o then_o have_v empty_v it_o again_o for_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v place_v in_o that_o cistern_n or_o pond_n and_o water_n put_v into_o the_o cistern_n again_o till_o it_o float_v the_o vessel_n and_o fill_v the_o cistern_n or_o pond_n full_a as_o much_o as_o it_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o water_n first_o contain_v in_o the_o cistern_n so_o much_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o float_a body_n paradox_n iu._n that_o in_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n etc._n etc._n there_o need_v nothing_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n but_o a_o competent_a weight_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n sufficient_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v however_o to_o make_v it_o plain_o if_o possible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o tinged_a liquor_n be_v suck_v up_o about_o a_o inch_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o whilst_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v cover_v with_o one_o thumb_n it_o be_v depress_v in_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o external_a water_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o then_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o oil_n be_v pour_v upon_o that_o and_o when_o one_o thumb_n be_v take_v off_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o external_a fluids_n will_n by_o their_o pressure_n raise_v the_o tinged_a liquor_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n though_o not_o quite_o so_o high_a as_o the_o oil_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o tube_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n and_o that_o light_a than_o itself_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o may_v illustrate_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o pump_n where_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o water_n be_v buoy_v up_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n by_o the_o rise_a sucker_n and_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o ascend_v within_o the_o pipe_n i_o take_v likewise_o a_o small_a tube_n who_o diameter_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v immerse_v it_o a_o inch_n in_o quicksilver_n i_o put_v my_o thumb_n upon_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o keep_v it_o there_o till_o i_o have_v immerse_v the_o tube_n eighteen_o inch_n in_o oil_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o which_o press_v against_o the_o quicksilver_n it_o be_v not_o only_o keep_v from_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o raise_v a_o little_a and_o as_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v some_o of_o the_o mercury_n will_v fall_v out_o so_o when_o it_o be_v depress_v the_o mercury_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o external_a liquor_n upon_o it_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n will_v appear_v more_o full_o to_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v mercury_n in_o a_o tube_n twenty_o nine_o or_o thirty_o digit_n which_o be_v equiponderant_a to_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n thirty_o three_o or_o thirty_o four_o foot_n high_a paradox_n five_o paradox_n v._o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o external_a fluid_n be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o heterogeneous_a liquor_n suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o several_a pipe_n though_o those_o pipe_n be_v of_o very_o different_a diameter_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o be_v represent_v in_o fig._n 6._o plate_n the_o second_o 2._o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n 2._o for_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o that_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v close_v up_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o that_o cork_n have_v four_o hole_n in_o three_o of_o which_o the_o pipe_n be_v fix_v and_o in_o the_o four_o the_o tunnel_n and_o if_o when_o so_o much_o water_n have_v be_v pour_v in_o as_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n e_o f_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n till_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n down_o low_o and_o the_o oil_n not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v into_o the_o pipe_n l._n m._n n._n by_o its_o weight_n it_o will_v cause_v the_o water_n to_o rise_v to_o o_o p_o q_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o before_o rest_v at_o e_o f_o be_v depress_v down_o to_o i_o k_o upon_o which_o imaginary_a surface_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tubes_fw-la answerable_a to_o their_o bulk_n make_v a_o equivalent_a pressure_n with_o a_o cylinder_n of_o external_a oil_n of_o the_o same_o boar_n the_o water_n must_v consequent_o be_v buoy_v up_o to_o the_o same_o height_n in_o all_o except_o the_o last_o pipe_n be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o
difference_n on_o that_o account_n be_v easy_o distinguish_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o make_v a_o allowance_n n._n b._n when_o the_o oil_n be_v pour_v through_o the_o tunnel_n it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o put_v some_o cotton_n wool_n in_o it_o to_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o fall_a stream_n lest_o the_o violence_n of_o it_o shall_v prejudice_v the_o experiment_n paradox_n vi_o if_o a_o body_n place_v under_o water_n paradox_n vi_o with_o its_o uppermost_a surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horrizon_n how_o much_o water_n soever_o there_o may_v be_v on_o this_o or_o that_o side_n above_o the_o body_n the_o direct_a pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o body_n for_o we_o now_o consider_v not_o the_o lateral_a or_o the_o recoil_n pressure_n to_o which_o the_o body_n may_v be_v expose_v if_o quite_o environ_v with_o water_n be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o column_n of_o water_n have_v the_o horizontal_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n for_o its_o basis_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n for_o its_o height_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o body_n be_v contain_v in_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n who_o basis_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o a_o pipe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o its_o height_n equal_a to_o a_o perpendicular_a reach_v thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n though_o the_o pipe_n be_v much_o incline_v towards_o the_o horizon_n or_o though_o it_o be_v irregular_o shape_v and_o much_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n than_o the_o say_a orifice_n as_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n it_o be_v propose_v by_o stevinus_n in_o more_o general_a term_n and_o thus_o demonstrate_v see_v fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o second_o where_o suppose_v a_o b_o c_o d_o to_n be_v a_o solid_a rectangular_a figure_n of_o water_n who_o basis_n e_o f_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n and_o who_o height_n g_z e_z be_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o water_n the_o bottom_n d_o e_o e_o f_o and_o f_o c_o can_v be_v charge_v with_o a_o great_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v respective_o perpendicular_a because_o none_o of_o they_o can_v receive_v a_o additional_a weight_n from_o the_o water_n collateral_o but_o it_o must_v diminish_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n perpendicular_o incumbent_a on_o that_o other_o bottom_n else_o there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a weight_n upon_o the_o basis_n d_o e_o f_o c_o than_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o surface_n a_o b._n c_o d_o which_o be_v impossible_a to_o which_o instance_n of_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_v for_o if_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8_o plate_n the_o second_o and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n you_o nimble_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o it_o be_v depress_v so_o low_o into_o the_o water_n that_o the_o oil_n be_v but_o little_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v rest_v near_o that_o station_n when_o the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v unstop_v and_o if_o it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n will_v force_v its_o way_n into_o the_o pipe_n so_o far_o as_o answer_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a boar_n with_o the_o oil_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o pipe_n be_v elevate_v above_o its_o first_o station_n as_o much_o oil_n will_v rise_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o emerge_n as_o answer_n in_o weight_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n remove_v by_o that_o mean_n from_o gravitate_v upon_o it_o and_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o water_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o pipe_n yet_o it_o press_v as_o regular_o upon_o subjacent_a body_n as_o if_o it_o be_v which_o will_v be_v evident_a if_o a_o vessel_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o funnel_n delineate_v in_o fig._n the_o 6_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o the_o small_a stem_n of_o that_o will_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o whole_a incumbent_a water_n in_o confirmation_n of_o which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o plate_n the_o three_o figure_n the_o first_o represent_v 1._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 1._o and_o fill_v the_o parallel_a leg_n with_o oil_n and_o the_o other_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ball_n with_o water_n the_o oil_n be_v elevate_v no_o high_a in_o the_o long_a leg_n than_o if_o the_o less_o leg_n have_v be_v a_o uniform_a tube_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n and_o when_o the_o experiment_n be_v reiterated_a with_o oil_n in_o the_o ball_n and_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n the_o weight_n of_o that_o oil_n be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n to_o a_o equal_a superficies_n with_o itself_o the_o liquor_n in_o both_o these_o experiment_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o ball_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o concave_a side_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o short_a leg_n c_o d_o till_o it_o wrought_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ball_n and_o as_o high_a in_o the_o long_a tube_n a_o b_o upon_o a_o affusion_n of_o water_n into_o the_o long_a leg_n the_o mercury_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o the_o ball_n till_o it_o wrought_v to_o h_n e_o g_o where_o if_o more_o than_o what_o be_v perpendicular_o incumbent_a on_o the_o tube_n c_o have_v press_v upon_o it_o the_o water_n will_v not_o have_v be_v able_a to_o keep_v it_o at_o such_o a_o height_n but_o to_o confirm_v the_o second_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n 2._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 2._o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n such_o as_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o second_o represent_v and_o have_v fill_v the_o glass_n half_o full_a of_o water_n we_o stop_v it_o with_o a_o cork_n in_o which_o the_o pipe_n there_o delineate_v be_v fix_v and_o likewise_o the_o tunnel_n the_o bottom_n of_o each_o of_o the_o pipe_n be_v each_o immerse_v considerable_o in_o water_n and_o then_o pour_v in_o oil_n through_o the_o tunnel_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v elevate_v to_o a_o equal_a height_n from_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o press_v on_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n though_o the_o pipe_n contain_v more_o water_n by_o be_v include_v yet_o that_o water_n press_v no_o more_o upon_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n than_o a_o erect_a pipe_n of_o equal_a boar_n with_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o will_v have_v do_v and_o if_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v poise_v in_o a_o pipe_n in_o a_o erect_a posture_n and_o then_o by_o inclination_n a_o great_a portion_n of_o it_o bring_v under_o water_n yet_o the_o external_a water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n contain_v in_o it_o and_o the_o same_o be_v evident_a when_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v contain_v in_o three_o pipe_n of_o such_o figure_n as_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o three_o represent_v for_o in_o all_o such_o case_n 3._o see_v fig._n 3._o plate_n 3._o where_o the_o pipe_n be_v in_o a_o incline_v posture_n or_o some_o part_n of_o they_o large_a than_o ordinary_a part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o liquor_n contain_v weigh_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o no_o more_o press_n upon_o the_o subjacent_a liquor_n than_o be_v answerable_a to_o a_o erect_a pipe_n of_o equal_a boar_n with_o the_o low_a orifice_n and_o of_o equal_a height_n with_o a_o erect_a tube_n answerable_a to_o the_o length_n of_o one_o end_n of_o that_o pipe_n from_o the_o other_o to_o make_v out_o what_o stevinus_n have_v assert_v viz._n that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o subjacent_a body_n the_o basis_n will_v sustain_v a_o weight_n equal_a to_o that_o circular_a basis_n and_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o it_o we_o provide_v a_o vessel_n of_o laton_n 3._o see_v fig._n 4._o plate_n 3._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n twelve_o plate_n the_o three_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o close_a bottom_n c_o d_o make_v of_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o wood_n cover_v with_o a_o soft_a bladder_n and_o grease_v on_o the_o low_a side_n near_o the_o edge_n that_o lean_v on_o the_o rim_n of_o wood_n g_o h_n contiguous_a every_o where_n to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o latin_a that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o lift_v up_o from_o off_o the_o rim_n and_o yet_o at_o other_o time_n lie_v
yard_n or_o more_o in_o depth_n as_o also_o a_o syphon_n with_o two_o leg_n f_o k_o and_o k_o g_o to_o which_o be_v join_v a_o pipe_n e_o k_n and_o to_o each_o of_o the_o leg_n of_o that_o syphon_n we_o tie_v a_o glass_n pipe_n seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v water_n contain_v in_o each_o to_o the_o height_n there_o delineate_v thing_n be_v thus_o prepare_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n must_v be_v pour_v into_o the_o tube_n a_o b._n c_o d_o but_o that_o it_o may_v not_o take_v up_o too_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o x_o in_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o water_n till_o it_o reach_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o syphon_n f_o k_n g_o and_o then_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o the_o syphon_n and_o run_v into_o the_o low_a vessel_n h._n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o water_n be_v raise_v through_o a_o syphon_n by_o pressure_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v a_o free_a communication_n of_o air_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o k_n without_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n in_o which_o experiment_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v ask_v why_o the_o water_n do_v not_o rather_o run_v out_o of_o the_o bipe_n h_n into_z g_z than_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o external_o the_o oil_n be_v deep_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n h_n and_o consequent_o press_v more_o upon_o it_o yet_o the_o tube_n g_o on_o the_o other_o side_n instead_o of_o have_v that_o pressure_n of_o oil_n have_v a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o a_o equal_a length_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o oil_n raise_v the_o water_n out_o of_o that_o tube_n more_o forcible_o than_o it_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o other_o and_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o once_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o syphon_n though_o there_o be_v a_o long_o cylinder_n of_o air_n upon_o that_o end_n which_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o low_a vessel_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n on_o the_o other_o because_o beside_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n there_o be_v a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o water_n but_o if_o the_o syphon_n be_v above_o 34_o or_o 35_o foot_n high_a the_o water_n will_v not_o flow_v through_o it_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n be_v unable_a to_o raise_v water_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o one_o thing_n observable_a in_o these_o experiment_n be_v that_o if_o when_o the_o water_n be_v run_v through_o these_o syphon_n a_o small_a hole_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o syphon_n the_o air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n as_o well_o as_o without_o it_o it_o will_v cease_v to_o run_v though_o the_o hole_n be_v no_o big_a than_o one_o make_v with_o a_o needle_n which_o hole_n if_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o needle_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n will_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o syphon_n be_v render_v fit_a for_o use_v paradox_n xi_o paradox_n xi_o that_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o ponderous_a as_o any_o yet_o know_v though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v place_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n than_o that_o of_o twenty_o time_n its_o own_o thickness_n it_o will_v not_o sink_v if_o its_o descent_n be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n to_o demonstrate_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o paradox_n 3._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 3._o we_o must_v fill_v the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o see_v plate_n the_o 4._o fig._n the_o three_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v near_o three_o foot_n in_o which_o water_n if_o we_o suppose_v the_o weight_n e_o f_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o specific_a gravity_n the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o other_o part_n of_o that_o plain_a be_v not_o equiponderant_a but_o if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n the_o pillar_n of_o water_n be_v above_o nine_o time_n as_o thick_a as_o it_o they_o will_v counterbalance_v it_o for_o which_o reason_n be_v there_o no_o water_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v subside_v no_o further_o and_o be_v a_o method_n contrive_v to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o press_v upon_o it_o the_o like_a will_v happen_v suppose_v it_o to_o lean_v upon_o the_o surface_n l_o m._n and_o to_o show_v that_o be_v the_o weight_n so_o depress_v free_a from_o incumbent_a water_n it_o will_v not_o subside_o i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n let_v then_o the_o brass_n body_n e_o f_o 4_o see_v plate_n 4_o fig._n 4_o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 4._o be_v the_o cover_n of_o a_o brass_n valve_fw-la the_o valve_n be_v fasten_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o glass_n pipe_n o_o p_o the_o body_n e_o f_o must_v by_o pull_v a_o hair_n fire_v to_o the_o button_n of_o valve_n q_n close_v the_o orifice_n of_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v convey_v under_o water_n a_o foot_n deep_a the_o cement_n and_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n o_o p_o will_v keep_v the_o water_n off_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o and_o consequent_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n v_o w_n will_v only_o be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o sole_a weight_n of_o the_o body_n e_o f_o but_o the_o other_o part_n of_o that_o surface_n by_o the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o body_n e_o f_o will_v be_v bear_v up_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o it_o but_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v raise_v till_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n and_o near_o x_o in_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n the_o body_n will_v be_v no_o long_o support_v but_o if_o upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n when_o the_o body_n e_o f_o be_v let_v down_o to_o the_o surface_n r_o s_o a_o weight_n l_o be_v suspend_v at_o it_o that_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o 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in_o which_o the_o bucket_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o plain_a i_o k_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o string_n e_o f_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n g_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n which_o be_v light_a in_o specie_fw-la than_o water_n and_o the_o incumbent_a pillar_n of_o water_n not_o press_v upon_o the_o surface_n h_n equal_o as_o the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n i_o k_n the_o water_n below_o must_v buoy_v it_o up_o and_o though_o the_o bucket_n be_v make_v of_o something_o heavy_a than_o water_n yet_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v perceive_v
by_o the_o hand_n above_o but_o only_o the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n which_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n and_o though_o the_o schoolman_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o phaenomenon_n depend_v on_o the_o indisposition_n of_o water_n to_o weigh_v in_o its_o own_o place_n yet_o i_o have_v find_v that_o lead_v be_v convey_v into_o melt_a butter_n contain_v in_o a_o wooden_a box_n and_o that_o be_v suspend_v in_o water_n by_o a_o silken-thred_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o balance_n we_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v as_o much_o indispose_v to_o weigh_v as_o water_n in_o water_n no_o more_o weight_n than_o what_o surmount_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n be_v make_v sensible_a by_o the_o balance_n but_o when_o it_o be_v partly_o raise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n or_o whole_o a_o great_a weight_n be_v requisite_a to_o counterbalance_v it_o for_o suppose_v that_o part_n of_o the_o bucket_n n_n to_o be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o 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upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o before_o i_o propose_v my_o own_o opinion_n brief_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_v and_o first_o monsieur_n des_fw-mi carry_v tell_v we_o 6._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 6._o that_o if_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n b_o so_o as_o to_o stop_v the_o orifice_n a_o he_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n c_o b_o a_o incumbent_a on_o he_o but_o if_o he_o be_v place_v at_o b_o he_o will_v not_o be_v sensible_a of_o that_o weight_n because_o shall_v his_o body_n descend_v the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z c_z will_v not_o descend_v with_o he_o but_o suppose_v the_o orifice_n a_o to_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o solid_a that_o will_v feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n betwixt_o b_o and_z a_o but_o since_o the_o principle_n already_o lay_v down_o overthrow_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o explication_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n true_a the_o reason_n will_v be_v that_o when_o his_o body_n be_v at_o a_o the_o man_n will_v sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n without_o any_o subjacent_a water_n at_o a_o to_o buoy_v up_o against_o he_o whereas_o at_o b_o the_o subjacent_a water_n buoy_v up_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o press_v down_o or_o more_o but_o stevinus_n hydrostat_n lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o say_v omni_fw-la pressu_fw-la quo_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la afficitur_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxatur_fw-la sed_fw-la isto_fw-la pressu_fw-la nulla_fw-la corporis_fw-la pars_fw-la luxatur_fw-la isto_fw-la igitur_fw-la pressu_fw-la corpus_fw-la dolore_fw-la nullo_n afficitur_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplo_fw-la clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la esto_fw-la a_fw-la b_o c_o d_o 7._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 7._o aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_o quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la epistomium_fw-la sibi_fw-la insertum_fw-la cvi_fw-la dorso_fw-la incumbat_fw-la homo_fw-la f_o quae_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la sint_fw-la ab_fw-la aquae_fw-la pondere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidente_fw-la nulla_fw-la pars_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxari_fw-la poterit_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la urgeat_fw-la which_o solution_n may_v hold_v if_o the_o question_n be_v only_a why_o the_o body_n of_o a_o diver_n be_v not_o press_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o for_o what_o he_o say_v viz._n that_o the_o equality_n and_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a i_o be_o of_o his_o opinion_n for_o though_o in_o the_o air_n the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v not_o perceivable_a for_o a_o like_a reason_n yet_o if_o one_o hand_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o air_n exhaust_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n will_v cause_v a_o sensible_a pain_n and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n and_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o divers_a may_v enable_v they_o to_o bear_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v include_v a_o tad-pole_n in_o a_o instrument_n 8._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 8._o such_o as_o fig._n 8._o plate_n the_o four_o describe_v the_o plug_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v compress_v into_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o so_o that_o the_o pressure_n upon_o the_o water_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n three_o hundred_o foot_n high_a yet_o the_o tad-pole_n move_v up_o and_o down_o as_o nimble_o as_o before_o be_v not_o at_o all_o indispose_v though_o its_o body_n appear_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o less_o room_n than_o before_o chap._n vii_o a_o hydrostatical_a discourse_n etc._n etc._n all_z that_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o discourse_n be_v chief_o a_o repetition_n 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estimate_v the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o metal_n by_o its_o easy_a or_o more_o difficult_a immersion_n with_o they_o i_o apply_v it_o likewise_o to_o estimate_v the_o weight_n of_o other_o solid_n by_o observe_v how_o solid_n suspend_v at_o this_o bubble_n will_v depress_v it_o various_o according_a to_o their_o specific_a gravity_n it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o hydrostaticks_n that_o any_o solid_a body_n in_o water_n lose_v so_o much_o of_o its_o weight_n as_o a_o parcel_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o dimension_n will_v weigh_v in_o the_o air_n so_o that_o gold_n be_v specifical_o heavy_a than_o copper_n it_o must_v lose_v less_o of_o its_o weight_n in_o the_o water_n than_o copper_n because_o proportionable_o the_o ignoble_a metal_n possess_v the_o space_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n who_o weight_n by_o weigh_v it_o in_o that_o fluid_fw-la be_v lose_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n suspend_v at_o the_o bubble_n and_o consequent_o a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n must_v cause_v that_o bubble_n to_o be_v immerse_v deep_a in_o water_n than_o a_o ounce_n of_o brass_n or_o copper_n will_v the_o brass_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o large_a dimension_n lose_v more_o of_o its_o weight_n than_o the_o gold_n the_o second_o section_n describe_v the_o construction_n of_o this_o instrument_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o metal_n or_o other_o matter_n which_o will_v float_v in_o the_o water_n without_o soak_v it_o in_o but_o the_o best_a for_o the_o use_n hereafter_o mention_v be_v those_o make_v of_o glass_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o lasting_a as_o those_o that_o consist_v of_o copper_n or_o silver_n this_o instrument_n be_v make_v of_o three_o part_n a_o ball_n the_o stem_n and_o that_o which_o hold_v the_o pipe_n the_o ball_n consist_v of_o two_o metalline_a plate_n each_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o convex_a glass_n and_o the_o cavity_n within_o must_v be_v so_o large_a that_o the_o
of_o stuff_n be_v choir_n drain_v of_o its_o ore_n and_o lay_v on_o a_o heap_n in_o the_o air_n in_o thirty_o year_n it_o afford_v metal_n again_o and_o the_o same_o gentleman_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v cause_v the_o water_n which_o wash_v the_o earth_n away_o from_o the_o ore_n to_o lay_v down_o that_o earth_n by_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o it_o till_o its_o own_o weight_n make_v it_o subside_o that_o earth_n be_v twelve_o year_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o metal_n and_o relation_n agreeable_a to_o these_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o another_o lead_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o lead_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o lead_v over_o clear_v of_o its_o metal_n and_o lay_v in_o heap_n for_o some_o year_n yield_v metal_n a_o second_o time_n and_o j._n gerhard_n in_o decade_n questionum_fw-la p._n m._n 22._o say_v fessularum_fw-la mons_fw-la in_o hetruria_n florentiae_fw-la civitati_fw-la imminens_fw-la lapides_fw-la plumbarios_fw-la habet_fw-la qui_fw-la si_fw-la excidantur_fw-la brevi_fw-la temporis_fw-la spatio_fw-la novis_fw-la incrementis_fw-la instaurantur_fw-la and_o agricola_n speak_v of_o the_o growth_n of_o mine_n in_o general_a testify_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o this_o happen_v not_o in_o all_o mine_n and_o though_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o passage_n into_o some_o mine_n grow_v narrow_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o metal_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o powerful_a expansion_n of_o some_o freeze_a water_n in_o the_o earth_n that_o encompass_n those_o passage_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o metal_n that_o lead_n increase_v its_o weight_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n on_o the_o top_n of_o church_n yet_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o rather_o proceed_v from_o a_o ceruse_n form_v by_o corrosive_a part_n unite_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o corrode_v metal_n and_o chief_o for_o this_o reason_n viz._n because_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o wood_n which_o lie_v about_o that_o lead_n abound_v with_o a_o acid_n spirit_n capable_a of_o corrode_a lead_n and_o that_o when_o they_o have_v be_v long_o expose_v to_o this_o acid_n a_o white_a lead_n may_v be_v scrape_v off_o better_a than_o the_o common_a ceruse_n and_o this_o be_v find_v on_o that_o side_n the_o lead_n which_o be_v next_o the_o wood_n and_o not_o on_o that_o expose_v to_o the_o outward_a air._n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o alabaster_n and_o white_a marble_n will_v yield_v a_o acid_n spirit_n so_o that_o we_o question_v whether_o lead_v fix_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o statue_n may_v not_o by_o the_o help_n of_o that_o acquire_v a_o great_a bulk_n and_o increase_v of_o weight_n iron_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o iron_n we_o be_v tell_v not_o only_o by_o pliny_n and_o srabo_n but_o fallopius_n and_o caessalpinus_n that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o elva_n 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100_o to_o 1._o c_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr coral_n red_a 129_o ¼_n 80_o ¼_n 2_o 63_o 100_o to_o 1._o crystal_n 256_o 140_o 2_o 21_o 100_o to_o 1._o  _fw-fr weight_n in_o air_n in_o gr._n in_o water_n in_o grain_n proportion_n cornelian_a 148_o 103_o 3_o 29_o 100_o to_o 1._o calculus_fw-la humanus_fw-la 2570_o 1080_o 1_o 72_o 100_o to_o 1._o coco-shell_n 331_o 85_o 1_o 34_o 100_o to_o 1._o native_a crab_n eye_n 77_o ½_n 36_o ½_n 1_o 89_o 100_o to_o 1._o crab_n eye_n artificial_a 90_o ½_n 54_o 2_o 48_o 100_o to_o 1._o calx_fw-la of_o lead_v 138_o ½_n 123_o 8_o 94_o 100_o to_o 1._o copper_n stone_n 65_o ½_n 49_o ½_n 4_o 09_o â—â—0_o to_o 1._o common_a cinnabar_fw-la 802_o 702_o 8_o 1_o 50_o to_o 1._o cinnabar_fw-la of_o antimony_n 197_o 169_o 7_o 3_o 100_o to_o 1._o cinnabar_fw-la native_a 197_o 171_o 7_o 57_o 100_o to_o 1._o coral_n white_a 336_o 204_o 〈◊〉_d 54_o 1002_o to_o 1._o another_o piece_n fine_a 139_o 85_o 2_o 17_o 100_o to_o 1._o calculus_fw-la humanus_fw-la 302_o 97_o 1_o 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or_o by_o a_o constriction_n of_o himself_o and_o whether_o the_o bladder_n within_o he_o be_v contract_v and_o expanded_a according_a to_o the_o several_a depth_n he_o swim_v at_o we_o contrive_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n to_o put_v several_a fish_n into_o a_o bolt-head_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o who_o stem_n be_v draw_v out_o very_o fine_a and_o seal_v up_o when_o fill_v with_o water_n for_o if_o when_o the_o fish_n sink_v the_o water_n in_o the_o small_a tube_n subside_v we_o may_v conclude_v he_o contract_v himself_o and_o if_o when_o he_o rise_v the_o water_n rise_v also_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o
artificial_a spa_n who_o taste_n not_o only_o agree_v with_o that_o of_o the_o natural_a spaw_n but_o it_o will_v like_o tunbridge_n or_o the_o german_a spa_n turn_v a_o tincture_n of_o gaul_n purple_n experiment_n v._n the_o bezoar_a stone_n be_v a_o medicine_n of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o in_o malignant_a fever_n but_o the_o plague_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o dearness_n apt_a to_o be_v counterfeit_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a way_n of_o distinguish_v betwixt_o good_a and_o bad_a viz._n by_o digest_v about_o fifty_o grain_n fine_o powder_v with_o six_o drachm_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n in_o a_o digestive_a furnace_n for_o after_o they_o have_v be_v mix_v some_o time_n the_o spirit_n begin_v to_o dissolve_v the_o powder_n and_o extract_v a_o red_a tincture_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o northward_o window_n about_o eight_o and_o forty_o hour_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n much_o like_o those_o of_o salt-petre_n to_o show_v that_o the_o purge_n or_o astringent_a quality_n 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breed_n of_o worm_n in_o wound_n dispose_v to_o abound_v with_o such_o in_o cold_a climate_n but_o what_o we_o chief_o design_v in_o this_o experiment_n and_o what_o be_v most_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o be_v that_o the_o dry_a substance_n raise_v by_o the_o fire_n be_v distinguish_v by_o accident_n into_o three_o kind_n of_o substance_n first_o a_o powder_n which_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n turn_v yellow_a second_o a_o deep_a colour_a substance_n betwixt_o red_a and_o brown_a of_o part_n much_o grosser_n than_o the_o former_a three_o a_o substance_n of_o a_o shine_a red_a who_o part_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o subtle_a the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n be_v change_v into_o a_o talky_a substance_n consist_v of_o lamelloe_n situate_v and_o connect_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o thick_a plate_n which_o make_v up_o muscovia_n glass_n chap._n vii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n solitary_a experiment_n i._o a_o notable_a comminution_n of_o gold_n into_o powder_n 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granate_n &_o the_o metalline_a nature_n of_o granate_n c._n &_o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v viz._n that_o the_o virtue_n of_o gem_n depend_v on_o a_o mixture_n of_o metalline_a juice_n with_o the_o particle_n of_o those_o gem_n whilst_o in_o fluid_a form_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o granate_n of_o a_o dark_a colour_n be_v apply_v to_o a_o loadstone_n it_o so_o strong_o attract_v it_o as_o not_o without_o violence_n to_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o experiment_n iii_o i_o be_o tell_v by_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n that_o he_o see_v a_o flat_a saphir_n in_o the_o east-indies_n which_o have_v a_o small_a cavity_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o fill_v with_o a_o fluid_a substance_n which_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o petryfie_v as_o the_o rest_n experiment_n iu._n to_o prove_v that_o fish_n hear_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v here_o lay_v down_o a_o relation_n which_o i_o receive_v from_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n who_o in_o a_o garden_n near_o genoa_n observe_v the_o gardener_n to_o assemble_v the_o fish_n in_o the_o pond_n together_o by_o a_o certain_a noise_n which_o he_o make_v experiment_n v._n to_o illustrate_v and_o confirm_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o various_a colour_n refract_v by_o the_o minute_n and_o part_n of_o solid_n i_o shall_v here_o note_v that_o a_o globe_n of_o rock-crystal_n be_v saw_v in_o two_o the_o new_a superficies_n refract_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o as_o to_o exhibit_v colour_n more_o lively_a than_o those_o of_o a_o rainbow_n which_o be_v refract_v this_o way_n or_o that_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v different_o situate_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o the_o like_a phaenomena_n succeed_v the_o like_a trial_n with_o a_o touchstone_n which_o experiment_n may_v confirm_v what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v concern_v colour_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o a_o
be_v to_o work_v upon_o contribute_v much_o to_o their_o effect_n appear_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o lightning_n for_o i_o have_v see_v two_o tall_a drink_a glass_n so_o alter_v in_o their_o shape_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o lightning_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o little_a widen_v near_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o other_o so_o far_o bend_v that_o it_o stand_v awry_o the_o beam_n of_o lightning_n be_v able_a in_o the_o twinkle_n of_o a_o eye_n to_o melt_v glass_n though_o in_o glass_n furnace_n the_o fire_n be_v sometime_o before_o it_o can_v produce_v that_o effect_n and_o i_o once_o see_v lead_v melt_v by_o lightning_n which_o leave_v the_o glass_n unaffected_a and_o likewise_o other_o combustible_a stuff_n that_o be_v near_o it_o and_o though_o it_o leave_v these_o thing_n untouched_a yet_o it_o throw_v down_o part_n of_o a_o wall_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n by_o pass_v through_o it_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a observation_n that_o thunder_n either_o by_o give_v a_o determinate_a concussion_n to_o the_o air_n or_o transmit_v some_o effluvia_fw-la turn_v beer_n sour_a but_o have_v seal_v some_o up_o in_o glass_n hermetical_o the_o thunder_n be_v not_o able_a to_o affect_v the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n to_o prevent_v beer_n from_o sour_v upon_o storm_n of_o thunder_n to_o place_v chafing-dish_n of_o coal_n under_o the_o barrel_n the_o sulphureous_a steam_n be_v by_o that_o mean_n so_o alter_v as_o either_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v the_o barrel_n or_o not_o able_a to_o alter_v the_o liquor_n another_o way_n by_o which_o considerable_a effect_n be_v cause_v by_o effluvia_fw-la be_v by_o exciting_a such_o a_o motion_n in_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o as_o to_o make_v one_o part_n of_o it_o act_n upon_o another_o instance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v bring_v from_o inanimate_a body_n as_o well_o as_o live_a one_o since_o some_o vigorous_a lodestone_n destroy_v the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o a_o excite_v needle_n in_o a_o trice_n or_o give_v it_o a_o virticity_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a without_o touch_v it_o and_o these_o magnetical_a emission_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v very_a minute_n since_o they_o be_v subtle_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v glass_n be_v able_a to_o take_v up_o a_o considerable_a weight_n of_o iron_n so_o that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o light_n one_o which_o will_v take_v up_o eighty_o time_n its_o weight_n but_o the_o chief_a instance_n i_o shall_v now_o insist_v on_o be_v those_o wrought_v upon_o animal_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o organ_n of_o smell_a be_v chief_o affect_v by_o such_o minute_n particle_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o fine_a odour_n consist_v of_o nor_o do_v they_o always_o affect_v we_o as_o odour_n since_o violent_a smell_n whether_o stink_a or_o sweet_a be_v able_a to_o cause_n very_o troublesome_a headache_n and_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o very_a please_a perfume_n may_v produce_v in_o a_o humane_a body_n which_o before_o be_v well_o and_o strong_a both_o faintness_n swoon_v loss_n of_o sensible_a respiration_n intumescence_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la seem_v epilepsy_n convulsive_a motion_n of_o the_o limb_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o have_v a_o salarmoniack_a which_o will_v in_o a_o little_a time_n remove_v hysterick_n fit_v and_o recover_v people_n who_o by_o the_o bystander_n be_v judge_v to_o fall_v down_o in_o epileptical_a fit_n which_o sudden_a effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la but_o beside_o these_o effect_n of_o odorous_a body_n upon_o woman_n i_o know_v a_o man_n of_o a_o strong_a body_n and_o a_o sanguine_a constitution_n who_o will_v be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a headache_n by_o the_o smell_n of_o musk_n and_o another_o to_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n be_v as_o offensive_a and_o i_o know_v a_o lady_n who_o will_v present_o swoon_v at_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n if_o they_o be_v not_o speedy_o remove_v and_o as_o these_o slight_a smell_n have_v prove_v offensive_a so_o it_o be_v not_o much_o less_o considerable_a that_o the_o smell_n of_o salarmoniack_a cure_v the_o headache_n beside_o the_o aforementioned_a effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la it_o be_v observe_v that_o woman_n have_v miscarry_v upon_o the_o stink_n of_o a_o candle_n careless_o extinguish_v and_o i_o not_o only_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o will_v vomit_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o coffee_n but_o a_o physician_n who_o will_v vomit_v and_o purge_v if_o he_o do_v but_o smell_n at_o electuarium_fw-la lenitivum_fw-la and_o i_o know_v another_o who_o the_o smell_n of_o the_o grease_n which_o be_v about_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o hackney-coach_n will_v make_v sick_a and_o cause_n to_o vomit_v if_o it_o do_v but_o pass_v by_o he_o and_o not_o only_a smoke_n be_v offensive_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o lung_n but_o the_o invisible_a steam_n of_o salarmoniack_a and_o beside_o the_o aforementioned_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o effluvia_fw-la upon_o the_o genus_fw-la nervosum_fw-la i_o shall_v add_v one_o of_o their_o effect_n on_o the_o humour_n for_o i_o know_v a_o apothecary_n who_o upon_o the_o smell_n of_o rose_n have_v such_o a_o colliquation_n of_o humour_n in_o his_o head_n that_o they_o set_v he_o a_o cough_n make_v he_o run_v at_o the_o nose_n and_o give_v he_o a_o sore_a throat_n and_o also_o by_o a_o affluence_n of_o humour_n make_v his_o eye_n sore_o and_o as_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v enable_v to_o perform_v several_a thing_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o particular_a body_n so_o they_o may_v effect_v several_a thing_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fabric_n and_o law_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o body_n by_o effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v render_v fit_a to_o be_v wrought_v on_o by_o light_a magnet_n the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n or_o some_o other_o catholic_n agent_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o to_o what_o instance_n have_v already_o be_v give_v of_o body_n work_v upon_o other_o place_v at_o a_o distance_n i_o may_v add_v the_o effect_n of_o contiguous_a body_n as_o bloodstone_n cornelian_o nephritick_n son_n lapis_fw-la malacensis_fw-la and_o some_o annulet_n and_o other_o solid_a substance_n external_o apply_v by_o physician_n as_o cantharides_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n effluvium_n of_o the_o determinate_a nature_n of_o effluvium_n though_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n have_v only_o distinguish_v the_o exhalation_n of_o this_o globe_n into_o those_o which_o he_o call_v fume_n and_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n he_o term_v hot_a and_o dry_a and_o those_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o water_n which_o he_o call_v hot_a and_o moist_a in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o beside_o these_o slight_a difference_n since_o the_o earth_n contain_v several_a body_n which_o have_v each_o of_o they_o distinct_a atmosphere_n we_o may_v probable_o conceive_v they_o to_o have_v their_o distinct_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o even_o in_o fluid_a body_n heterogeneous_a part_n may_v swim_v which_o notwithstanding_o their_o fluidity_n may_v retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n since_o rock-allom_n and_o salt-petre_n be_v dissolve_v together_o in_o water_n upon_o a_o gentle_a evaporation_n will_v each_o of_o they_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o their_o respective_a and_o determinate_a nature_n and_o that_o effluvia_fw-la retain_v their_o determinate_a nature_n though_o so_o small_a as_o to_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n or_o water_n appear_v since_o upon_o their_o reunion_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o body_n that_o emit_v they_o as_o water_n raise_v in_o vapour_n condense_n again_o into_o drop_n of_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n in_o distillation_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v with_o a_o convenient_a fire_n will_v almost_o all_o be_v find_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o the_o form_n of_o run_v mercury_n and_o if_o when_o chemist_n be_v either_o make_v a_o amalgama_n or_o force_v the_o mercury_n away_o from_o it_o by_o the_o fire_n they_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n in_o their_o mouth_n it_o will_v be_v white_a as_o if_o it_o be_v silver_v over_o and_o not_o only_a sulphur_n but_o camphire_n sublime_v in_o close_a vessel_n unite_v into_o a_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o other_o and_o though_o a_o body_n be_v compound_v of_o a_o metal_n and_o another_o mineral_n and_o two_o or_o three_o salt_n yet_o upon_o the_o purification_n of_o the_o mixture_n from_o its_o grosser_n part_n if_o the_o remain_a and_o fine_a part_n be_v minute_n enough_o and_o fine_o shape_v the_o whole_o liquor_n will_v ascend_v and_o yet_o in_o the_o receiver_n altogether_o recover_v its_o pristine_a form_n of_o a_o transparent_a fluid_fw-la compose_v of_o differ_v saline_n and_o mineral_n part_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o distillation_n of_o butter_n or_o oil_n of_o antimony_n very_o well_o rectify_v for_o this_o liquor_n
believe_v that_o there_o be_v such_o by_o the_o common_a observation_n of_o a_o great_a many_o learned_a man_n and_o able_a physician_n and_o to_o favour_v this_o common_a observation_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v such_o substance_n which_o have_v peculiar_a effect_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o no_o manifest_a quality_n i_o shall_v urge_v the_o effect_n of_o poison_n take_v in_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a quantity_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o something_o that_o fall_v from_o a_o spider_n into_o a_o man_n eye_n cause_v he_o to_o lose_v his_o sight_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o spider_n be_v observe_v to_o kill_v fly_n much_o soon_o than_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n or_o run_v they_o through_o with_o pin_n will_v do_v it_o to_o which_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v that_o most_o poison_n be_v cure_v by_o appropriate_v antidote_n and_o as_o perfume_n cause_v ill_a symtom_n in_o many_o histerick_n woman_n so_o the_o fume_n of_o feather_n burn_v relieve_v they_o and_o i_o have_v find_v that_o the_o smell_n of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n or_o salarmoniack_a have_v recover_v people_n make_v sick_a by_o fragrant_a odour_n but_o beyond_o all_o other_o argument_n be_v experience_n for_o galen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o ash_n of_o a_o burn_a craw-fish_n will_v cure_v the_o bite_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n and_o that_o their_o effect_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a if_o to_o ten_o part_n of_o burn_a craw-fish_n we_o add_v five_o of_o gentian_n and_o one_o of_o frankincense_n and_o diascorides_n commend_v they_o against_o the_o same_o disease_n that_o the_o pergamenian_a do_v and_o though_o the_o sting_n of_o scorpion_n usual_o produce_v very_o acute_a pain_n and_o formidable_a symtom_n yet_o the_o mischief_n be_v easy_o remedy_v either_o by_o crush_a the_o body_n of_o the_o scorpion_n upon_o the_o hurt_a or_o by_o anoint_v the_o part_n with_o oil_n of_o scorpion_n though_o the_o liquor_n appear_v not_o to_o have_v any_o sensible_a quality_n to_o which_o their_o efficacy_n may_v be_v ascribe_v and_o to_o these_o instance_n i_o may_v add_v that_o verginian_a snake-weed_n cure_v the_o sting_n of_o a_o rattle_n snake_n and_o the_o jesuit_n powder_n be_v a_o specific_a in_o ague_n and_o though_o it_o be_v argue_v against_o the_o virtue_n of_o specific_a medicine_n that_o they_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o other_o strainer_n of_o different_a texture_n and_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o excrement_n or_o be_v assimilate_v and_o convert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o our_o body_n yet_o to_o these_o thing_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o not_o only_a ointment_n plaster_n periapta_n etc._n etc._n work_n upon_o the_o mass_n of_o humour_n but_o even_o those_o medicine_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o work_v by_o manifest_a quality_n perform_v what_o they_o do_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o particle_n alterer_v and_o different_o dispose_v the_o humour_n of_o our_o body_n and_o in_o do_v of_o that_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o objection_n offer_v against_o specific_a medicine_n beside_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o rhubarb_n will_v thing_fw-mi the_o urine_n of_o those_o that_o take_v a_o considerable_a do_v and_o there_o be_v a_o fruit_n call_v prickle_a pear_n in_o the_o english_a american_n colonies_n which_o pass_v by_o urine_n so_o much_o unaltered_a that_o the_o people_n think_v when_o stranger_n to_o it_o that_o they_o piss_v blood_n and_o elaterium_n so_o much_o impregnate_v the_o milk_n of_o a_o nurse_n that_o it_o will_v purge_v the_o child_n that_o take_v it_o and_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o savoy_n and_o switzerland_n when_o the_o cattle_n feed_v on_o a_o herb_n call_v wild_a garlic_n the_o butter_n will_v sensible_o taste_v of_o it_o and_o in_o ireland_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o seafowl_n which_o feed_v upon_o fish_n which_o be_v so_o little_o alter_v as_o to_o make_v some_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v flesh_n or_o fish_n and_o though_o it_o be_v further_o urge_v against_o specific_a medicine_n that_o so_o little_a be_v disperse_v through_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n that_o it_o can_v have_v no_o considerable_a effect_n yet_o their_o efficacy_n may_v answer_v for_o their_o smallness_n in_o quantity_n for_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o the_o negro_n have_v a_o poison_n which_o though_o it_o work_v slow_a be_v nevertheless_o mortal_a and_o this_o they_o conceal_v under_o the_o nail_n of_o their_o finger_n and_o drop_v into_o the_o aliment_n of_o those_o they_o have_v spite_n to_o and_o i_o know_v a_o vegetable_a substance_n half_o a_o grain_n of_o which_o will_v be_v too_o violent_a a_o purgative_n and_o sometime_o mortal_a and_o though_o english_a viper_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o no_o poison_n yet_o by_o the_o wound_n of_o a_o single_a tooth_n i_o know_v one_o who_o be_v take_v with_o violent_a vomit_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o terrible_a effect_n of_o scorpion_n in_o the_o island_n of_o java_n and_o we_o see_v that_o several_a woman_n otherwise_o strong_a and_o lusty_a will_v fall_v into_o swoon_v upon_o the_o smell_n of_o musk_n or_o civet_n though_o all_o the_o effluvia_fw-la that_o affect_v they_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o by_o effluvia_fw-la perhaps_o not_o more_o plentiful_a these_o symptom_n may_v be_v again_o remove_v and_o the_o portion_n of_o crocus_n metallorum_fw-la in_o wine_n or_o of_o quicksilver_n in_o water_n though_o small_a have_v very_o considerable_a effect_n so_o that_o when_o a_o child_n who_o obstinate_o refuse_v all_o medicine_n drink_v small_a beer_n impregnate_v with_o mercury_n he_o be_v much_o relieve_v in_o a_o violent_a worm_n fever_n proposition_n that_o their_o operation_n may_v be_v mechanical_o solve_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o specific_a medicine_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o lay_v down_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n to_o show_v that_o they_o be_v mechanical_o explicate_v but_o first_o i_o shall_v premise_v that_o i_o will_v not_o have_v the_o body_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o dull_a lump_n of_o matter_n but_o as_o a_o admirable_o contrive_v mechanical_a engine_n consist_v of_o part_n exquisite_o contrive_v and_o adapt_v to_o their_o particular_a uses_n and_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o body_n upon_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o disposition_n of_o their_o part_n this_o be_v premise_v there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o think_v that_o all_o specific_v act_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o the_o same_o way_n and_o sometime_o the_o specific_a may_v operate_v by_o a_o joint_n and_o in_o a_o compound_n way_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a proposition_n prop._n i._o i._n prop._n i._n sometime_o the_o specific_a medicine_n may_v cure_v by_o discuss_v or_o resolve_v the_o morbific_a matter_n and_o thereby_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o expulsion_n by_o the_o great_a common_a shore_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o skin_n thus_o the_o blood_n impregnate_v with_o medicinal_a particle_n may_v act_v upon_o gross_a humour_n which_o obstruct_v the_o part_n and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resolve_v without_o specific_a solvent_n which_o by_o their_o figure_n and_o agitation_n may_v get_v in_o betwixt_o and_o separate_v those_o viscous_a part_n so_o blood_n impregnate_v with_o salarmoniack_a dissolve_v copper_n not_o by_o manifest_a quality_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o shape_n bulk_n solidity_n and_o other_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o its_o part_n which_o concur_v to_o enable_v it_o to_o disjoin_v the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a texture_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a number_n of_o menstruum_n very_o different_a from_o one_o another_o but_o their_o effect_n evident_o appear_v not_o to_o depend_v upon_o manifest_a quality_n since_o it_o several_a time_n happen_v that_o a_o menstruum_fw-la less_o acid_n may_v dissolve_v this_o or_o that_o body_n which_o a_o much_o strong_a menstruum_fw-la will_v not_o work_v upon_o so_o water_n will_v dissolve_v the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n which_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v coagulate_v and_o so_o will_v spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n itself_o and_o thus_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v more_o ready_o dissolve_v file_n of_o copper_n than_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o yet_o the_o latter_a will_v speedy_o dissolve_v crab_n eye_n though_o the_o other_o leave_v they_o untouched_a so_o quicksilver_n will_v dissolve_v gold_n in_o the_o cold_a though_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la assist_v by_o heat_n leave_v it_o untouched_a yet_o aqua_n fortis_fw-la will_v dissolve_v iron_n and_o quicksilver_n will_v not_o and_o brimstone_n will_v be_v dissolve_v by_o common_a oil_n though_o not_o by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o i_o know_v a_o liquor_n of_o which_o one_o may_v safe_o drink_v a_o wine_n
more_o clear_o understand_v how_o a_o superadded_a form_n modify_v the_o action_n of_o a_o body_n we_o need_v but_o reflect_v on_o the_o part_n of_o a_o watch_n from_o whence_o the_o forma_fw-la totius_fw-la proceed_v where_o we_o may_v see_v how_o the_o spring_n by_o be_v bend_v acquire_v a_o tendency_n to_o expand_v and_o how_o the_o wheel_n moderate_v that_o expansion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v how_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n which_o unite_v make_v the_o forma_fw-la totius_fw-la concur_v in_o superad_v several_a new_a quality_n to_o the_o whole_a so_o a_o piece_n of_o lead_n be_v vitrify_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o which_o action_n the_o part_n which_o before_o be_v pliable_a become_v brittle_a and_o be_v otherwise_o range_v as_o to_o situation_n give_v way_n to_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o become_v transparent_a and_o salt-petre_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o coal_n and_o sulphur_n instead_o of_o burn_v by_o degree_n and_o leave_v a_o alkalizate_a salt_n behind_o it_o flash_v all_o away_o at_o once_o ingredient_n compound_v may_v act_v by_o virtue_n of_o one_o single_a ingredient_n vii_o beside_o the_o action_n of_o a_o body_n which_o be_v specific_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a it_o may_v have_v several_a operation_n depend_v on_o the_o separate_a and_o particular_a property_n of_o a_o ingredient_n this_o may_v appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v above_o but_o to_o make_v it_o more_o clear_a i_o shall_v again_o intimate_v what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v viz._n that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o watch_n retain_v several_a of_o their_o pristine_a quality_n when_o put_v together_o as_o they_o do_v before_o to_o which_o another_o instance_n may_v be_v add_v from_o what_o be_v elsewhere_o say_v of_o gunpowder_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o several_a ingredient_n in_o physical_a composition_n retain_v their_o own_o quality_n though_o the_o composition_n have_v in_o general_n a_o particular_a effect_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o mixture_n as_o for_o instance_n ambergris_n retain_v its_o smell_n as_o well_o as_o aloe_n its_o taste_n when_o make_v up_o into_o pill_n with_o other_o ingregredient_n and_o opium_n likewise_o its_o soporifick_a quality_n though_o mix_v with_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ingredient_n as_o those_o of_o venice-treacle_n another_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o precipitate_v of_o gold_n and_o mercury_n by_o heat_n which_o though_o it_o have_v a_o red_a colour_n different_a from_o both_o the_o ingredient_n yet_o the_o mercury_n retain_v its_o salivate_a faculty_n form_n the_o most_o note_a often_o esteem_v the_o specific_a form_n viii_o that_o be_v often_o call_v the_o specific_a form_n in_o several_a natural_a body_n which_o be_v not_o the_o preside_a but_o only_o the_o most_o eminent_a to_o prove_v this_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v what_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v as_o first_o that_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n form_n be_v make_v use_n of_o arbitrary_o and_o without_o sufficient_a distinction_n second_o that_o form_n be_v only_o respective_a and_o the_o result_n of_o a_o determinate_a coexistence_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n three_o that_o they_o be_v attribute_v to_o body_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o some_o particular_a quality_n as_o unctuousness_n in_o oil_n etc._n etc._n or_o some_o particular_a use_n pourthly_a agreeable_o to_o these_o a_o body_n must_v be_v endue_v which_o several_a of_o those_o quality_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o which_o body_n be_v refer_v to_o different_a class_n as_o in_o vitrum_fw-la antimonii_n in_o which_o beside_o those_o quality_n by_o which_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o glass_n it_o have_v a_o vomitive_a and_o purgative_n faculty_n by_o which_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o another_o class_n in_o physic_n five_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a that_o these_o form_n shall_v depend_v on_o one_o another_o since_o neither_o the_o vomitive_a nor_o purgative_n faculty_n depend_v on_o the_o form_n of_o glass_n they_o both_o be_v inherent_a in_o the_o calx_fw-la before_o it_o be_v vitrify_v and_o will_v be_v preserve_v though_o the_o glass_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o other_o matter_n shall_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o regulus_n six_o to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v less_o or_o more_o noble_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a uses_n as_o in_o glass_n of_o antimony_n though_o the_o glass_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o noble_a form_n by_o a_o artist_n yet_o it_o be_v other_o antimonial_a quality_n be_v more_o eminent_a among_o chemist_n and_o physician_n seven_o from_o these_o consideration_n we_o may_v gather_v that_o the_o most_o predominant_a form_n be_v not_o always_o that_o which_o denominate_v the_o form_n of_o a_o body_n but_o sometime_o that_o which_o be_v most_o eminent_a that_o be_v most_o regard_v subordinate_a some_o be_v rather_o concurrent_a form_n than_o subordinate_a ix_o the_o form_n just_a now_o mention_v be_v rather_o to_o be_v esteem_v concurrent_a than_o subordinate_a and_o indeed_o where_o the_o denominate_n or_o most_o regard_v form_n may_v be_v so_o vary_v they_o rather_o seem_v concurrent_a than_o subordinate_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n who_o attribute_n they_o be_v so_o that_o the_o subjection_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o form_n seem_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v explain_v and_o indeed_o we_o be_v so_o apt_a to_o mistake_v name_n for_o thing_n since_o by_o only_o denominate_v some_o body_n which_o have_v particular_a operation_n we_o be_v apt_a to_o attribute_v what_o be_v the_o sole_a effect_n of_o modification_n to_o that_o metaphysical_a conception_n which_o we_o have_v of_o a_o airy_a form_n rather_o than_o to_o the_o body_n consider_v as_o a_o physical_a agent_n endue_v with_o a_o mechanical_a and_o adventitious_a texture_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o supereminency_n or_o dominion_n of_o one_o form_n in_o all_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o compound_v body_n that_o in_o some_o simple_a body_n the_o specific_a form_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o concern_v in_o the_o effect_n of_o they_o as_o water_n will_v scald_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o adventitious_a heat_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o those_o quality_n attribute_v to_o its_o form_n as_o such_o and_o so_o springiness_n may_v be_v add_v to_o or_o take_v away_o from_o silver_n without_o alter_v the_o specific_a form_n of_o the_o metal_n nor_o do_v the_o form_n of_o a_o file_n consider_v as_o metal_n affect_v what_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o asperity_n nor_o be_v the_o more_o than_o usual_a hardness_n the_o product_n of_o the_o substantial_a form_n but_o a_o acquire_v temper_v give_v it_o by_o the_o smith_n it_o will_v be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o add_v several_a other_o instance_n but_o to_o conclude_v though_o the_o uncertain_a signification_n of_o term_n have_v make_v the_o foregoing_a discourse_n the_o more_o difficult_a and_o dark_a yet_o i_o hope_v it_o may_v serve_v to_o detect_v some_o receive_a error_n and_o promote_v a_o true_a theory_n concern_v these_o matter_n chap._n v._o experiment_n and_o thought_n about_o the_o production_n and_o reproduction_n of_o form_n how_o body_n distinguish_v into_o spaecy_n how_o it_o be_v not_o without_o ground_n that_o i_o intimate_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n about_o quality_n that_o body_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n distinguish_v into_o several_a species_n by_o a_o sort_n of_o tacit_fw-la agreement_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o no_o diagnostick_n sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v the_o several_a species_n of_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v rather_o take_v for_o distinct_a species_n by_o be_v know_v by_o such_o name_n than_o any_o true_a characteristic_n as_o for_o instance_n some_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o write_n of_o aristotle_n hold_v that_o water_n and_o ice_n be_v not_o esteem_v distinct_a kind_n of_o body_n they_o both_o have_v the_o same_o nature_n yet_o galen_n not_o without_o reason_n favour_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n since_o they_o differ_v both_o in_o respect_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n as_o well_o as_o transparency_n beside_o ice_n and_o salt_n beat_v together_o will_v freeze_v other_o liquor_n whereas_o water_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o where_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v difference_n enough_o to_o denominate_v they_o two_o distinct_a species_n of_o body_n as_o well_o as_o that_o must_v vinegar_n wine_n spirit_n of_o wine_n or_o tartar_n shall_v be_v esteem_v so_o or_o that_o a_o chick_n shall_v be_v think_v different_a from_o the_o egg_n which_o be_v hatch_v yet_o some_o aristotelian_o have_v be_v very_o doubtful_a whether_o the_o nature_n of_o they_o be_v different_a or_o not_o as_o also_o whether_o cloud_n hail_o rain_n or_o snow_n differ_v in_o specie_fw-la from_o water_n though_o the_o writer_n concern_v meteor_n usual_o treat_v of_o they_o as_o different_a and_o if_o so_o
small_a a_o accident_n as_o moâ—â—â—â—_n oâ—_n whatever_o distinguish_v wind_n and_o exhalaâ—â—â—…_n be_v enough_o to_o entitle_v they_o to_o distinct_a species_n of_o body_n a_o great_a right_o may_v be_v presume_v 〈◊〉_d paper_n and_o rag_n glass_n and_o wood-ash_n shall_v be_v esteem_v so_o too_o as_o also_o soap_n sugar_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a objection_n that_o most_o of_o these_o body_n be_v factitious_a for_o the_o present_a state_n of_o a_o body_n denominate_v its_o species_n however_o it_o come_v by_o that_o nature_n as_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n by_o the_o sun_n act_v upon_o the_o sea-water_n be_v as_o much_o salt_n as_o that_o which_o be_v artificial_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o boil_a sea-water_n in_o chauldron_n and_o silkworm_n and_o chicken_n hatch_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o oven_n or_o dunghill_n be_v equal_o as_o much_o silkworm_n or_o chicken_n as_o those_o produce_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o warmth_n of_o a_o hen._n nature_n the_o product_n of_o art_n the_o effect_n of_o nature_n beside_o the_o objection_n that_o most_o of_o the_o forementioned_a body_n be_v factitious_a be_v less_o valid_a since_o they_o seem_v equal_o perform_v by_o nature_n the_o artificer_n be_v only_o concern_v in_o put_v natural_a agent_n together_o which_o take_v the_o same_o measure_n in_o cause_v their_o effect_n as_o if_o they_o have_v casual_o be_v bring_v together_o by_o chance_n as_o in_o chemistry_n the_o agent_n which_o be_v fire_n operate_v upon_o the_o subject_n it_o have_v to_o work_v upon_o as_o fire_n and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v bare_o a_o instrument_n of_o a_o chemist_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o application_n belong_v to_o the_o chemist_n the_o action_n be_v as_o much_o natural_a as_o the_o production_n of_o aetna_n or_o vesuvius_n where_o by_o the_o internal_a action_n of_o the_o fire_n stone_n be_v calcine_v and_o metal_n not_o only_o colliquate_v but_o metalline_a flower_n and_o ash_n disperse_v about_o the_o adjacent_a part_n and_o i_o be_o not_o without_o probability_n incline_v to_o believe_v that_o several_a mineral_n as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n which_o lie_v near_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v rather_o the_o production_n of_o subterraneal_a fire_n change_v the_o texture_n of_o other_o body_n than_o that_o they_o have_v lodge_v there_o since_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o thing_n for_o we_o see_v that_o lead_n become_v minium_n and_o tin_n tutty_n in_o a_o very_a small_a time_n and_o the_o fume_n of_o sulphur_n unite_n with_o those_o of_o mercury_n convene_v into_o that_o delicate_a red_a mass_n call_v vermilion_a which_o have_v so_o far_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o mineral_n that_o it_o have_v be_v call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n of_o cinnabaris_fw-la so_o that_o we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v how_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n certain_a mineral_n fume_n penetrate_v and_o unite_n with_o a_o stony_a concretion_n mineral_n may_v be_v form_v from_o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o congery_n and_o union_n of_o accident_n be_v as_o sufficient_a to_o discriminate_a the_o several_a species_n of_o body_n as_o the_o imagination_n of_o substantial_a form_n natural_a the_o artificial_a production_n of_o vitriol_n correspondent_a to_o the_o natural_a but_o to_o illustrate_v the_o mechanical_a origin_n of_o form_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o artificial_a production_n of_o vitriol_n which_o be_v so_o like_o the_o natural_a that_o it_o make_v we_o able_a to_o guess_v what_o measure_n be_v take_v in_o the_o natural_a production_n of_o it_o and_o since_o vitriol_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a salt_n but_o rather_o to_o use_v a_o chemical_a term_n a_o magestery_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o observe_v that_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o word_n it_o be_v not_o prepare_v by_o a_o separation_n of_o principle_n but_o by_o the_o change_a the_o form_n of_o a_o whole_a body_n by_o a_o addition_n and_o intimate_a union_n of_o a_o saline_n menstruum_fw-la agreeable_a to_o which_o notion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o a_o acid_n spirit_n and_o a_o metalline_a substance_n may_v be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o artificial_a as_o natural_a vitriol_n and_o consequent_o both_o must_v be_v equal_o natural_a vitriol_n in_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o that_o word_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o only_a characteristic_n of_o the_o natural_a agreement_n of_o factitious_a and_o natural_a vitriol_n since_o vitriol_n of_o mars_n whether_o prepare_v by_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n or_o spirit_n of_o salt_n have_v both_o the_o colour_n transparency_n brittleness_n aptness_n to_o fusion_n and_o styptical_a taste_n with_o the_o vitriol_n of_o marchasite_n as_o also_o several_a other_o quality_n as_o to_o turn_v a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n into_o ink_n a_o vomitive_a faculty_n when_o take_v in_o a_o small_a do_v as_o also_o to_o be_v endow_v with_o crystal_n of_o very_a 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preserve_v entire_a lest_o they_o shall_v want_v a_o
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figure_n the_o 15_o which_o he_o make_v by_o the_o order_n of_o innocent_a the_o ten_o the_o account_n of_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n be_v the_o follow_v cum_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la haec_fw-la scripsi_fw-la summi_fw-la pont._n innocentii_fw-la x._o mandato_n organi_fw-la hydraulici_fw-la in_o horto_fw-la quirinali_fw-la constituendi_fw-la cura_fw-la mihi_fw-la commendata_fw-la esset_fw-la aeoliam_fw-la cameram_fw-la insigni_fw-la sane_fw-la successu_fw-la construi_fw-la jussimus_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la erat_fw-la longitudo_fw-la seu_fw-la altitudo_fw-la camerae_fw-la a_o h_n quinque_fw-la pedum_n latitudine_fw-la tres_fw-la fere_n ex_fw-la lateribus_fw-la constructa_fw-la in_fw-la medio_fw-la duo_fw-la continebat_fw-la diaphragmata_fw-la c_o d_o &_o e_o f_o in_o modum_fw-la cribri_fw-la pluribus_fw-la foraminibus_fw-la pertusi_fw-la paulò_fw-la infrà _fw-la canalis_fw-la g_o aquam_fw-la advehens_fw-la inserebatur_fw-la in_fw-la h_n 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contortum_fw-la vasi_n s_n aliquantulum_fw-la capaciori_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la vrnae_fw-la efformato_fw-la insertum_fw-la intra_fw-la urnam_fw-la enim_fw-la plumbeam_fw-la &_o canalem_fw-la tortuosum_fw-la illisus_fw-la aer_fw-la humidus_fw-la ita_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aquositate_fw-la defaecabatur_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la furno_n in_fw-la organum_fw-la derivatus_fw-la dici_fw-la potuerit_fw-la urna_fw-la s_n canalis_fw-la tortuosi_fw-la q_o r_n ultimum_fw-la orificium_fw-la z_o inseritur_fw-la anemothaecae_fw-la organi_fw-la et_fw-la hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la organis_fw-la hydraulicis_fw-la omnium_fw-la aptissimum_fw-la reperi_fw-la and_o i_o rather_o cite_v this_o account_n because_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o kircher_n own_o observation_n and_o have_v i_o when_o i_o be_v at_o rome_n take_v notice_n of_o these_o engine_n and_o find_v that_o the_o effluviae_n which_o blow_v the_o organ_n be_v not_o again_o condense_v into_o water_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v it_o not_o impossible_a to_o turn_v water_n into_o air_n it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a that_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v supply_v so_o large_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o blow_v the_o organ_n i_o therefore_o be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o it_o may_v proceed_v from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n put_v into_o a_o very_a brisk_a motion_n since_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o i_o pass_v betwixt_o lion_n and_o geneva_n that_o the_o river_n of_o rhone_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a straighten_a betwixt_o two_o rock_n which_o be_v so_o near_o that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v with_o one_o foot_n upon_o one_o and_o the_o other_o foot_n upon_o the_o other_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o so_o violent_a a_o motion_n as_o to_o be_v raise_v into_o the_o air_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n to_o appear_v like_o a_o mist_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o such_o vapour_n shall_v pass_v through_o a_o leaden_a pipe_n of_o such_o a_o length_n since_o we_o see_v that_o vapour_n be_v condense_v into_o liquids_n in_o a_o much_o less_o time_n in_o the_o head_n of_o alembic_n and_o the_o neck_n of_o aeolipile_n when_o once_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o
pump_n d._n d._n be_v join_v by_o a_o screw_n to_o the_o stop-cock_n c._n e._n a_o vessel_n which_o fluctuate_v in_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o a_o animal_n be_v put_v and_o the_o pump_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o join_v to_o the_o stop-cock_n by_o a_o screw_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pump_n will_v by_o lift_v up_o the_o sucker_n be_v force_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v condense_a the_o air_n without_o a_o addition_n of_o new_a and_o by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n down_o again_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o air_n will_v be_v again_o expanded_a so_o that_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v how_o much_o the_o thickness_n or_o thinness_n of_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o life_n or_o health_n of_o animal_n plate_n vii_o a_o instrument_n to_o distil_v in_o vacuo_fw-la fig_n see_v fig_n a._n a._n a_o brazen_a vessel_n the_o low_a part_n of_o which_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o upper_a open_a b._n b._n a_o piece_n of_o tin_n exquisite_o 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cement_n and_o the_o stop-cock_n must_v be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o stand_v so_o far_o without_o the_o vessel_n g._n that_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_o turn_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o vessel_n the_o tin_n plate_n e._n e._n and_o the_o stop-cock_n may_v be_v lay_v aside_o which_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o great_a dissiculty_n for_o the_o key_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o of_o which_o m._n be_v turn_v in_o the_o stop-cock_n by_o a_o chink_n into_o which_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o part_n o._n o._n which_o fill_v the_o pipe_n n._n n._n fix_v to_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n be_v receive_v so_o that_o one_o end_v be_v prominent_a outward_o whilst_o it_o be_v turn_v it_o may_v communicate_v motion_n to_o the_o other_o part_n m._n but_o whilst_o the_o tin_n plate_n b._n b._n be_v be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n g._n g._n it_o must_v be_v draw_v outward_a 2._o fig._n 2._o another_o instrument_n for_o the_o same_o use_v with_o the_o former_a b._n b._n a_o small_a tube_n both_o end_n of_o which_o be_v polish_a that_o it_o may_v be_v exact_o adapt_v to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n a._n and_o d._n a._n a._n d._n d._n two_o vessel_n make_v of_o glass_n so_o join_v by_o the_o tube_n b._n b._n that_o vapour_n may_v pass_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o e._n e._n f._n f._n g._n g._n i._o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_v with_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o the_o instrument_n be_v to_o be_v evacuate_v by_o the_o same_o method_n only_o the_o glass_n vessel_n must_v be_v place_v in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la or_o on_o sand_n and_o the_o vapour_n so_o raise_v will_v condense_a in_o the_o vessel_n d._n d._n chap._n iii_o article_n i._o several_a way_n to_o help_v the_o production_n of_o the_o air._n experiment_n i._n bread_n air_n produce_v from_o bread_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o piece_n of_o bread_n which_o be_v moist_a and_o a_o little_a knead_a will_v yield_v air_n i_o include_v it_o in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o a_o mercurial_a gage_n july_n 12_o 76._o but_o it_o yield_v none_o on_o the_o 12_o some_o break_v in_o the_o receiver_n and_o raise_v mercury_n 3_o inch_n high_a and_o at_o night_n it_o be_v raise_v a_o inch_n high_o though_o no_o external_a air_n get_v in_o july_n 13_o it_o ascend_v high_a on_o the_o 26_o day_n it_o expanded_a itself_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o separate_v the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n the_o smell_n of_o it_o be_v acid_a so_o that_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o bread_n by_o such_o a_o menstruum_fw-la as_o water_n experiment_n ii_o jv_o the_o 11_o bread_n be_v burn_v by_o a_o burning-glass_n in_o vacuo_fw-la yield_v air_n which_o come_v from_o it_o with_o a_o explosion_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v that_o can_v air_n be_v separate_v more_o easy_o from_o it_o it_o will_v produce_v very_o considerable_a effect_n experiment_n iii_o septemb_n 22._o i_o enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n grape_n from_o grape_n eight_o ounce_n of_o dry_a grape_n bruise_v in_o 7_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o receiver_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v 22_o ounce_n septemb_n 23._o though_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n all_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n septemb_n 30._o in_o seven_o day_n it_o be_v raise_v thirteen_o inch_n octob._n 5._o in_o five_o day_n more_o it_o be_v 25_o inch_n high_a octob._n 18._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v slow_o some_o air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n grape_n without_o water_n do_v not_o yield_v air_n so_o plentiful_o see_v art_n ix_o exp._n i._n experiment_n iu._n july_n 12._o i_o shut_v up_o 10_o ounce_n of_o raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n bruise_v raisin_n from_o raisin_n in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o ferment_n july_n 14._o in_o 48_o hour_n raise_v the_o mercury_n ten_o inch_n at_o night_n the_o mercury_n be_v 5_o inch_n high_o the_o next_o day_n it_o be_v almost_o as_o high_a as_o when_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n july_n 16._o in_o the_o morning_n the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v separate_v by_o air_n which_o get_v through_o the_o water_n which_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o same_o raisin_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la again_o july_n 18._o in_o the_o morning_n the_o air_n break_v out_o july_n 19_o they_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o empty_a receiver_n july_n 21._o the_o receiver_n be_v so_o full_a of_o air_n that_o some_o of_o it_o force_v its_o way_n out_o and_o they_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n again_o july_n 22._o the_o receiver_n be_v almost_o full_a the_o 23d_o in_o the_o morning_n it_o force_v itself_o out_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n have_v work_v upon_o grape_n 5_o or_o 6_o day_n they_o yield_v air_n very_o fast_o though_o at_o the_o first_o they_o do_v not_o experiment_n v._n august_n 13._o 1677._o plum_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o one_o receiver_n plum_n from_o plum_n and_o pear_n in_o two_o other_o august_n 16._o they_o be_v all_o full_a of_o air_n and_o one_o which_o contain_v pear_n and_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o sunbeam_n raise_v the_o cover_n in_o 24_o hour_n experiment_n vi._n octob._n 16._o 77._o grs._n from_o bsed_a grs._n i_o enclose_v two_o ounce_n of_o bruise_a grape_n in_o a_o receiver_n large_a enough_o to_o hold_v 20_o ounce_n of_o water_n .._o octob._n 17._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch._n octob._n 18._o the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_o a_o inch_n more_o the_o 20_o it_o increase_v 2_o inch_n the_o 22d_o 4_o inch_n the_o 27_o near_o 6_o inch_n jan._n 2._o 78._o it_o be_v not_o quite_o 10_o inch_n
so_o close_o upon_o it_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v out_o between_o they_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o bottom_n be_v fasten_v a_o long_a string_n for_o a_o use_n to_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n a_o b_o which_o press_v upon_o the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o against_o the_o subjacent_a rim_n g_o h_n contribute_v to_o render_v the_o vessel_n more_o close_o and_o to_o obstruct_v its_o own_o passage_n whereupon_o we_o tie_v the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o string_n i_o k_o to_o a_o beam_n and_o put_v so_o many_o weight_n into_o the_o opposite_a scale_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v the_o false_a bottom_n c_o d_o from_o the_o rim_n g_o h._n and_o then_o deduct_v from_o that_o weight_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o false_a bottom_n and_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o broad_a cylindrical_a box_n b_o e_o c_o h._n g_o d_o f_o we_o find_v that_o the_o pressure_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o c_o d_o be_v much_o great_a than_o what_o read_v stevinus_n will_v make_v one_o expect_v and_o than_o all_o the_o water_n contain_v both_o in_o the_o pipe_n and_o cylinder_n will_v have_v be_v have_v it_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o uniform_a cylinder_n paradox_n vii_o paradox_n vii_o that_o a_o body_n immerse_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la sustain_v a_o lateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_n increase_v this_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v represent_v by_o plate_n the_o three_o fig._n the_o five_o 5._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 5._o where_o oil_n be_v suck_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n g_o f_o k_n and_o they_o sufficient_o immerse_v in_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o b_o c_o d_o so_fw-mi that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n i_o k_n may_v be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n the_o imaginary_a pillar_n of_o water_n h_n g_o will_v suspend_v it_o there_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v raise_v the_o oil_n become_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o so_o short_a a_o cylinder_n the_o incumbent_a cylinder_n will_n force_v it_o out_o of_o the_o orifice_n g_o but_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v further_o immerse_v the_o water_n will_v raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n and_o fill_v part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a cavity_n below_o it_o to_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v add_v 6._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 6._o that_o have_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n abcd_v represent_v by_o fig._n six_o plate_n the_o three_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n and_o bore_v with_o a_o hot_a iron_n a_o hole_n to_o receive_v the_o pipe_n g_o h_n and_o the_o other_o e_o f_o i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n g_o with_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n likewise_o and_o then_o pour_v in_o water_n through_o the_o pipe_n e_o till_o it_o rise_v to_o the_o surface_n i_o the_o bubble_n x_o be_v so_o nice_o poise_v that_o it_o swim_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o by_o pour_v in_o more_o water_n the_o surface_n be_v raise_v to_o k_o the_o bubble_n x_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o whole_a water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n e_o press_v upon_o the_o whole_a water_n within_o the_o glass_n otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o compress_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n and_o make_v it_o sink_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o not_o only_o press_v upon_o that_o subjacent_a but_o likewise_o upon_o those_o part_n that_o be_v latteral_o situate_v in_o respect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o even_o the_o cork_n that_o be_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n i_o be_v press_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o and_o oblique_o too_o appear_v since_o if_o the_o orifice_n g_o be_v not_o close_o stop_v the_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v through_o it_o and_o if_o instead_o of_o a_o cork_n and_o cement_n it_o be_v only_o stop_v with_o one_o thumb_n one_o may_v perceive_v a_o evident_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n against_o it_o and_o that_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o bubble_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n above_o it_o appear_v since_o if_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v off_o by_o incline_v the_o vial_n it_o will_v praesenti_fw-la emerge_fw-la again_o and_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n worthy_a our_o notice_n be_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n a_o b._n c_o d_o be_v not_o whole_o fill_v but_o the_o space_n betwixt_o l_o m_o fill_v with_o air_n yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o such_o different_a fluid_n may_v be_v so_o easy_o communicate_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o the_o bubble_n will_v descend_v equal_o as_o if_o it_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n paradox_n viii_o paradox_n viii_o that_o water_n may_v be_v make_v to_o depress_v a_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o as_o well_o as_o to_o buoy_v it_o up_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o paradox_n will_v be_v easy_o make_v out_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o if_o a_o glass_n syphon_n 7._o see_v plate_n 3_o fig._n 7._o of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 7._o plate_n the_o three_o be_v fill_v from_o h_n to_o i_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o glass_n a_o b_o c_o d_o till_o the_o orifice_n a_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v under_o water_n if_o then_o the_o orifice_n e_o be_v unstop_v and_o the_o whole_a tube_n e_o i_o f_o g_o h_n be_v depress_v gradual_o the_o incumbent_n water_n h_n k_o will_v press_v the_o oil_n out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n h_n g_o into_z the_o longer_z e_z f._n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o paradox_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forego_n and_o the_o second_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o have_v provide_v a_o pipe_n of_o the_o figure_n represent_v by_o fig._n 8._o and_o suck_v so_o much_o oil_n into_o it_o as_o fill_v the_o space_n l_o m_o n_o p_o 〈◊〉_d see_v fig._n 〈◊〉_d i_o immerse_v it_o in_o water_n and_o upon_o the_o open_n the_o orifice_n o_o as_o the_o pipe_n be_v gradual_o depress_v the_o oil_n be_v press_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n l_o m_o to_o n_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o what_o height_n i_o please_v in_o the_o pipe_n o_o p_o n._n paradox_n ix_o paradox_n ix_o that_o whatever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o consider_v that_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o vessel_n of_o stand_a water_n be_v physical_o speak_v horizontal_a the_o water_n that_o press_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v needs_o be_v deep_o than_o that_o which_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o body_n light_a than_o water_n emerge_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o oil_n in_o a_o tube_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o to_o balance_v the_o pressure_n of_o that_o water_n below_o oil_n may_v be_v suspend_v betwixt_o two_o parcel_n of_o water_n to_o try_v the_o result_n i_o suck_v a_o inch_n of_o water_n into_o a_o tube_n and_o by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n suspend_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n i_o remove_v it_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o oil_n and_o then_o open_v the_o upper_a orifice_n till_o a_o inch_n of_o oil_n be_v buoy_v up_o into_o it_o i_o remove_v it_o again_o into_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n and_o immerse_v it_o so_o far_o in_o that_o till_o the_o water_n below_o the_o oil_n be_v equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o water_n above_o it_o in_o which_o station_n the_o cylinder_n of_o oil_n and_o water_n be_v equal_a in_o weight_n with_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a water_n the_o oil_n q._n r._n be_v suspend_v betwixt_o the_o water_n s._n r._n and_o that_o below_o it_o p._n q._n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n t._n s._n be_v so_o much_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n a_o d._n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v the_o oil_n and_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n to_o press_v equal_o on_o the_o surface_n g._n h._n with_o the_o external_a water_n 1._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o as_o plate_n 4._o fig._n 1._o represent_v paradox_n x._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphony_n paradox_n x_o and_o of_o flow_v through_o they_o may_v be_v explain_v without_o have_v recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o 2._o see_v plate_n 4._o fig._n 2._o we_o provide_v a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b._n c_o d._n of_o a_o convenient_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o