may seeth to the consistence of a Syrup If Honey be added it ought to bee boyled lesse because being cooled it easily becomes thick Syrups also like an concoctions may be made with Aromaticks or Aromaticke Powders 2. Seconldy they are prepared of clarifyed Juices to which is added half the quantity of Sugar and boiled to the consistence of a Syrup 3. These Syrups are better if fresh flowers are infused 24. hours in the expressed juice in Bal. Mariae and are again expressed and that repeated as often as it is fit Then the juice is to be clarified by digestion and half the quantity of Sugar to be mixt with it 4. Others boil the juice till half be consumed then they strain it and suffer the decoction to stand and settle that the juice may be the purer the which when Sugar is added they settle to the consistence of the Syrup 5. Sometimes the juice pressed out is poured into hot clarifyed Sugar and exposed to the heat of the Sun to consume its aqueous humidity But if the heat of the Sun be not sufficient it may be performed by gentle boiling 6. Syrups are also made of Infusions Sugar being added in the same manner as of Decoctions 7. And sometimes other things are infused in juices and afterwards when 't is strained Sugar is put to it and the Syrup is made according to art 8. Syrups may be made of extracts also if a little Sugar be added to the extract being thickned by abstraction of the Menstruum 9. Syrups may also be made of soft Electuaries if the Electuary be dissolved in six times or eight times the quantiny of warm liquour and strained and half so much Sugar added thereto by a gentle heat without boiling the liquour should evaporate to the consumption of the third part 10. Also Syrup is prepared of Sugar and Vineger onely namely four pound of Sugar and two of Vineger and according to some five Pints of water and 't is called Syrup of Vineger simple 11. Moreover Syrrups are made much more artificially especially of hot and dry Plants if onely so much water is poured off as that so much of the liquour may be left after straining without concoction as otherwise useth to be left after concoction is made and the matter infused on this manner in a Glass or other convenient vessel such as Fire-vessels or earthen vessels whose orifices may be fitted with a cover made for it that is round and channelled which should be put into the Balneum three or four days to digest and afterwards should be strained and that which is strained should again be put alone in Balneo or because of straightness of time it should be clarifyed with the white of an Egg what ever is feculent in it Afterwards Sugar should be taken and clarifyed and boiled to such a consistence as is observed in the Confection of Penides and it should be mingled with the clarifyed infusion The nearest to this is Oxymel Oxymel which is to be had in the Shops which is prepared of one part of Water one of Vineger and two parts of Honey whereof divers compositions may be made also Syrups are seldom given alone in Diseases of the Breast and Stomack The manner of administration but oftentimes are mixt with double the quantity of distilled waters or decoctions and an Ounce or an Ounce and an half of Syrups may be drank with two or three Ounces of Water or Decoction at one time To Syrups and Juleps belong Rosated water A Potion of Roses and water which is a Potion compounded of Roses and Water and Honey or Sugar Oribacius put into sixty Pints of warm water ten pound of Rose-leafs he shut the Vessel till they were perfectly boiled afterwards the Roses being taken out he infused of boiled and clarifyed Honey thirty pound and put it into a Cellar Actuarius took ten Pints of water and five pound of Sugar and boiled them together to a convenient thickness afterwards he infused a pound of the juice of Roses The likest to Syrups are Juleps and Zulaps Juleps as they are called from the Arabick word Sialaba which is to heal or make sound without doubt it is derived from thence so that indeed Physicians often times take them for the same Medicine and Potions that are mixt of Water and Syrups called Juleps but the name of Juleb is often extended farther now than with the Arabians who invented this Medicine to be made for the name of Juleb was absolutely given by them when Sugar onely is dissolved in Rose-water and boiled as Julep of Roses is otherwise called Alexander's Julep But a Julep if there be any difference betwixt it and a Syrup is a Medicine clearer than a Syrup and therefore more delicate and gratefull and it is made of distilled waters clarified Juices and Sugar They are made with The manner of preparing of Juleps and without boiling without boiling on this manner Common or distilled water is taken or a decoction of Barley to the which some Juice also of Citrons Limmons Pomegranates Quinces or Vineger may be added and white and clarified Sugar is poured in or instead thereof common Juleps of Roses and Violets which being boiled to the cosistence of a Syrup are kept for use and are diligently mixt together and if there be need are drained through Hippocrates's sleeve But the proportion of Sugar or usual Juleps which is observed to the waters and juices is various as the present occasion requires it For the most part the Palate of the sick is their guide and sometimes the proportion of water and Juices to Syrups and Sugar is threefold sometimes fourfold sixfold eightfold or twelvefold Sometimes Juleps are made with Aromatick Powders or convenient little Tabulets are dissolved in them 'T is most convenient also in some Diseases to add Spirit of Vitriol 2. Moreover Juleps are prepared of Conserves and medicinal Juices if distilled waters that are proper or a Decoction of Barley be poured into them in a sufficient quantity and are stirred with a Pestle in a Morter or are mingled together over a gentle fire and strained 3. But those Juleps which are said to be prepared with decoction are nothing else but the pure and finer decoctions of Syrups and the same manner of preparing of them which is of decoctions and Syrups onely that they are removed from the fire before they receive a thicker consistence CHAP. VIII Of Emulsions and other Mixtures bringing or causing milk and of strengthning things AN Emulsion is so called Emulsion because it is like Milk and is prepared as it were by milking for 't is a potulent Medicine prepared of the pith and strength of seeds and certain fruits especially of sweet Almonds Which Emulsion in particular by some is called Amgydalatum by the affusion of convenient waters or of some other liquour and by pounding and pressing of them to which the Pulpe of a Capon or Pullet may also be added
infusion or decoction but when you would bind and corrobarate t is best in the substance there is also an extract prepared hereof but such a one which scarce purgeth stronger then when it is taken in the substance t is given in the substance t is given in the substance to two drachms in infusion to halfe an ounce Turpentine moves not only the belly Turpentine but the bowells and especially cleanseth the reines t is given with the powder of Rhubarbe or Licorish and Sugar made into a Bolus or with the yolke of an egg and some convenient water therewith wrought in a Morter and reduced into a milky liquor t is given from halfe an Ounce to six drachms Aloes is hot in the second degree Aloes and dry in the third exceeding bitter it opens the mouths of the veines and therefore is hurtfull to such as are apt to a Flux of blood or such as are with child and Hecticks and no way safe for those that are hot and dry extenuated t is most conveniently taken prepared and extracted and Rosated as they call it by reason of the bitternesse of it it is not easily given in drinke but in pills most properly it is given from halfe a drachm to three drachms Fleabane Fleawort or Flea-wort the seed of it is cold and dry in the second degree t is given in infusion rather then in the substance from a drachm to three drachms Stronger Purgers of Choler SCammony is hot and dry in the third degree Scamony it primarily drawes choler next Phlegmaticks humours and unlesse it be well corrected it frets the guts by its Acrimony causeth gripings opens the Orifices of the vessells and causeth a Flux of blood it hurts the stomack Liver and Heart inflames the Spirits and stirs up feavers and therefore we seldome use it alone and least that it should offend fat things are to be added Tragacanth Bdellium Oyle of sweet Almonds seed of Fleabane Cinamon Spike Galangale Fennell seed Quinces Mastick the juice of Violets and Roses t is commonly corrected by boyling it in the substance of a Quince and so prepared t is called Diagrydium there is also prepared of it an extract or Rosin it is scarcely fit to be given to those that are weake although it be corrected the dose of Dyagridium is given from five to fifteen graines some give a scruple Asarabecca purges choller by the Paunch Asarabecca yet it rather stirs up vomit it attenuates opens obstructions and provokes sweats and therefore is profitable for Hydropick and Icterick persons and such as are troubled with the Spleen and Quartan Agues t is given in the substance from halfe a Drachme to two Scruples or a Drachme in infusion from two Drachmes to halfe an ounce The milder purgers of Phlegme MYrobolans Mirobolanes Chebula Emblica Bellirick Chebulae which principally are good for the Braine and Liver according to some evacuate also black choller emblick which are appointed for the heart Spleen and Liver as also Bellirick are cold in the first and dry in the second degree and bind and therfore are not safely given in obstructions nor when Phleagme tenaciously cleaves to the guts but in fluctuations and in a loosenesse and when there is need of astriction and corroborating they are prepared according as we have shewed before of the Citron Myrobalams there is also the same Dose to be given Agarick purges onely thin and aqueous Phlegme Agarick but not viscide and principally evacuates the excrements of the Braine and Lungs opens obstructions of the bowells yet is not so commodious for the stomack and therefore the third part of Cloves Nutmegs Galingale Sal gemmae Ginger are to be added t is given in the substance to two Drachmes in in infusion from two Drachmes to halfe an ounce Mechoacan also purges Phlegme Mecoacan but principally serous and aqueous humors and therefore is excellent in Dropsies t is corrected with the third part of Cinamon Anniseed Mastick t is given from a drachme to two drachmes in the substance in infusion to halfe an ounce The stronger Purger of Phlegme TVrbith is hot in the third Turbith and dry in the second degree and drawes out thick and viscide Phlegme even from the remotest parts t is hurtfull to the stomack and causeth loathing and Vomit and is not to be given to children old men nor Women with child and when t is exhibited it is to be corrected with Ginger Mastick Pepper Cinamon Fennel Galingale nor must you eat fish after you have used it the Dose is from 2. scruples to 4. scruples in the substance in infusion or decoction from 2. Drachmes to 3. Drachms to 6. Drachms The seed of wild Saffron Seeed of Carthamus purgeth Fleagme and Water by Vomit and Stoole and is very good for the breast and such as have Asthmaes but it is an enemy to the stomack and therefore it is used with the third part of Cinamon Galingale Mastick or Anniseed t is given in decoction from three Drachmes to six Drachmes Coloquintida Coloquintida which is hot and dry in the third degree drawes out Flegme from the most profound and more remote parts Turbith cannot evacuate but is a most vehement medicine and offends the stomack and Guts when there is a Feaver and moreover it useth to be sod being bound up in a skin t is seldome used alone but instead thereof Troches made thereof which they call Alhandals are wont to be used t is corrected with Cinamon Tragacanth Mastick Bdellium and other Cordiacks Hepaticks and Stomaticks t is given to 15. graines or a Scruple Hermodactiles purge thick Phlegme especially from the joynts Hermodactiles and therefore is good for the Gout t is corrected with Cinamon Ginger Mints t is given in the substance from 2. scruples to a Drachme and halfe in infusion or decoction to 3. Drachmes Euphorbium is hot and drying the fourth degree Euphorbium it drawes away thick and tough Phlegme but more powerfully aqueous humours it is a violent medicine and t is reckoned by some rather among poysons then purgers t is corrected by cordials and stomaticks Oyle of sweet Almonds Saffron Mastick by the sowernesse of a Lynion or Cytron the highest Dose of it is 10. Graines Opopanax heates in the third Opopanax and dries in the second it drawes away thick and viscide Phlegme from the more remote parts and joynts t is corrected with the third part of Ginger Spike Cinamon or Mastick t is given from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme Sagapenum is hot in the third Sagapenum and dry in the second degree and purges clammy and thick humours from the Bowels Braine and more remote parts especially of old men hurts the stomack and Liver it is corrected as opopanax the Dose is from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme The milder Purgers of Melancholy and black humours INdian myrobolans are of the same nature with the rest of them
onely that these purge melancholy Indian Mirobolanes Polipodie evacuates adust choler as also Phlegme t is profitable in diseases of the splcene and Hypocondries Polipodie the Dose is from a Drachme to three Drachmes in infusion to an Ounce and above Epithymum purges a dust choller Epithymum and Melancholy without trouble and is profitable in Diseases proceeding from hence yet because t is hot and dry in the third degree t is safer to be used in Winter then in Summer t is given in the substance from two Drachmes to three Drachmes in infusion from halfe an ounce to an ounce Sena is as it were the middle betwixt the stronger and weaker hot in the second dry in the first Sena t is a very usefull medicine which not onely evacuates adust humours but also choler and Phlegme cleanseth all the bowels and is convenient for all ages when t is more dry t is not inconveniently corrected with the flowers of Violets and Burrage Ginger or Cinamon or the fourth part of Galingale is added to it the powder is given from a Drachme to two Drachmes in infusion from halfe an ounce to an ounce The stronger purgers of Melancholy and adust humors LApis Armenius purges dull thick melancholy humours Lapis Armenius yet more gently then Hellebore it is corrected by washing in Cordiall waters t is given from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme or sometimes to a Drachme and halfe Lapis Lazuli hath the same vertue but is something weaker t is corrected with Cordialls the Dose is the same Lapis Lasuli Black Hellebore is not usually to be given to children Black Hellebore women that are great nor to weake bodies and indeed it is more safely given in decoction then in the substance t is corrected with Cordialls and stomaticks t is given in the substance from a scruple to two nay to a Drachme in infusion or decoction from a Drachme to halfe an ounce Hydragogues and such as evacuate aqueous humours THe juice of the root of Flowerdeluce is hot and dry in the third Root of Orice opens drawes out thin Choller and water but for women with Child t is not so safe because it provokes the months t is corrected with a little Wine and Cinamon and Manna or honey of Roses is added or decoction of reysins of the Sun t is given from halfe an Ounce to an Ounce and halfe or two Ounces Gratiola or hedge Hyssop purges by stoole and vomit Hedge Hysop but troubles not a little the body t is corrected with Cinamon Anniseed Liquorish t is given in the substance to a Drachme in decoction from halfe an Ounce to an Ounce Elaterium or the juice of wild Cucumbers drawes water and choller out of the Bowels Elaterium and happily drawes forth the water of hydropick persons but it provokes vomit also gripes the bowels opens the mouthes of the Veines and unlesse it be cautiously exhibited doth mischiefe t is corrected with Tragacanth Fleawort Bdellium and Cinamon in the Dose you must not easily exceed six Graines The rine and juice of the root spurge Spurge purgeth and gnaweth powerfully and therefore is corrected with Bdellium Tragacanth Mucilage of Fleawort Cinamon Spike the Dose of the Barke of the Root is from six graines to fifteene graines but of the milke or juice from three graines to eight graines Mezereon whose force is fiery Mezereum exceeding sharpe exulcerating biting kindling Feavers dissolving the strength of the heart and noble parts and purging choller violently and Bilous serosities t is corrected with Sorrel with the juice of Pomegranates or of Quinces of Purslan Mucelage of the seed of Fleabane the Dose in the substance is from six grains to ten graines in the decoction from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme Dwarfe elder Elder Dwarfe or Dane wort and elder the seed and middle barke and juice of the root and leaves draw out water they are corrected with Cinamon the Dose of the berries is given to a Drachme of the barks to two drachms of the juice from halfe an ounce to six drachmes Soldanella or sea Colewort are the best remedy to draw out water but t is an enemy to the stomack Soldanella t is corrected with Cinamon and Ginger the Dose is from a drachme to 2. drachmes of the juice to halfe an ounce Gummigote purgeth choller and water Gummigote and oftentimes causeth vomit which is prohibited by the addition of the spirit of salt or Mace the Dose is from five graines to eight graines The root of Ialap powerfully and with violence purgeth serous and black humors t is given from a scruple to 2. scruples Ialap Although each of these do purge single humors yet some of them do purge other humors also secondarily Rhubarbe Aloes Cassia Agarick Scammony evacuate choller with Phleagme Myrobolanes Chebulae Lapis Armenius Lapis Lazuli Phlegme and black choller Sena Epithymum Polipodie black Hellebore purge choler Phleame and Melancholy the latter Physitians have drawne other medicines into use unknown to the Ancients prepared of Venus Mercury and Mars CHAP. XII Of Medicines that cause vomits SEcondly amongst evacuating medicines are such as cause vomitings Things causing vomits which indeed evacuate the stomack immediatly yet if they are too strong they draw the neighbouring Bowels and the greater veines they performe that for the most part by a peculiar propriety by reason of which they have an inclination upwards yet some of them for a manifest cause namely because they swim in the stomack and oppresse it and loosen the Orifice of the superior ventricle such are all fat and oily substances But some are gentle others indifferent strong others very strong The gentle are simple water or Barley water luke warme The most gentle especially with a little honey and salt dranke by little and little at one draught common oyle luke warme foure ounces or six ounces Hydromell largely taken Hydreles to ten ounces Figgs newly eaten and cold water dranked after The middle sort are the Flowers of Dill The middle sort as also the Seed of Orach and of Raddish they are given from two drachmes to halfe an ounce the root of Asarabecca and Orach are given in the substance to foure scruples Bittony the middle barke of a Walnut to a drachme in infusion to halfe an ounce the greene pill that cover the walnut shell dryed in an Oven from halfe a a drachm to a drachm the juice of Raddish to two ounces the tops of green Elder or the berries The strongest are the Rootes The strongest of Spurge of Sow-bread to a drachm in infusion from a drachm to two drachms the Rootes of white Hellebore in infusion from halfe a drachm to a drachm adding cardiacks Flowers of Danewort Barkes or Roote Flowers of broome seed of broome from two drachms to halfe an ounce the seed of spurge the husks being taken of ten in number
used every where containes onely sixty graines Drachimi and Darchimie or Darchimet with the Arabians the word being corrupted is called Drachmes in English a Drachm By Serapio and the same Arabicks it is also called Aureus and by the same these names Drachme and Aurei are often confounded But at other times Nummus Aureus or Denarius containes foure scruples namely a whole Drachm and the third part of a Drachm eight Drachms make an ounce and it is thus marked â„¥ i. Twelve ounces make a pound lb. Deunx makes eleven ounces â„¥ XI Dextans hath ten ounces â„¥ X Dodrans hath nine ounces â„¥ IX Bes hath eight ounces â„¥ VIII Septunx hath seven ounces â„¥ VII Semios or Selibra hath six ounces â„¥ VI. Quincunx hath five ounces â„¥ V. Quadrans hath foure ounces â„¥ IV. Triens hath three ounces â„¥ III. Hereunto belongs the Table * CHAP. IV. Of Physicall measures AS dry things for the most part are weighed A Description of measures so liquid things are measured although the manner of measures be appointed by Physitians according to the manner of weights But measures may be explained two wayes either greater by lesse or on the contrary lesse by greater or by weights For if it be asked what a Pint or a Pound is t is answered to be the halfe of a Sextarie or to containe fix Cyathos or Cupps or it s answered it contains nine ounces of Oyle For the former way of describing measures is certaine and stable but the latter way of explaining them is not alwayes the same for although the capacity of measures be not changed yet the weight of the things that are measured by the same measure are not the same whence Physitians at this day since in liquid things they rather regard the weight then measure and they use measures onely for to save the labour of weighing Three kinds of measures of liquid things are used namely some for measuring of Wine and distilled Waters others are appointed for Honey others for measuring of Oile all which measures although they are distinguished by the names of Ounces yet the weight of liquid things varie in the distinction of ounces for since Oile is light more of it goes to an ounce Wine since t is heavier then Oile lesse of it goes to an ounce Honey since it is heavier then both a small quantitie in comparison of the other makes an ounce The first and least of measures which are tryed not by weight but onely by quantitie is a spoonfull and the division of measures doth not go beneath it But a Cochlear or a spoonfull is four-fold The least that a little bigger a great the greatest the least containes halfe a drachm in weight of a thing that is of a middle weight that a little bigger a whole drachm a great a drachm and halfe or two drachms the greatest containes halfe an ounce in weight A common little Spoon is halfe a cup Mustrum and containes in weight of Oile six drachms of Wine or Water twentie scruples of Honey nine drachms A Cyathus or a Cup is the sixth part of a pint Cyathus by common observation it holds in weight of Oile twelve drachms of Wine or Water thirteen drachms and a scruple of Honey eighteen drachms Acetabulum which by the Greeks is called Oxybaphum Acetabulum is a Cup and halfe the common observation it holds in weight is eighteen drachms of Oile twentie drachms of Wine and Water twentie seven drachms of Honey Quartarius or the fourth part of a Sextarie Qâ—a tarius containes three cups Hemina or Cotyla is the twelfth part of a Congie Hemina or Cotyla halfe a Sextarie it contains six cups but in weight nine ounces of Oile ten ounces of wine and water thirteen ounces and half of Honey this measure contains three quarters of a pint The Italian Sextarie is the sixth part of a Congie A Sextary it containes two Heminaes or a pint and halfe twelve cups but in weight it contains eighteen ounces of Oile twenty ounces of wine and water 27 ouncse of Honey A congie is the eight part of Amphore A Congie which is a Tankerd or Rundlet containing eight gallons it contains six Sextaries twelve Heminaes but in weight nine pound of Oyle ten pound of Wine and Water thirteen pound and halfe of Honey Urna Urna Amphora is half the Italian Amphora but the third part of the Attick for a Greek Amphora which is called Cadus and Merreta is greater then an Italian it containes 48. Sextaries but in weight it holdes seventy two pound of Oyle ninty pound of Wine and Water one hundred and eight pound of Honey this Urne of our measure contains foure gallons and halfe Culeus is a measure containing twenty Italian Amphoraes Culeus t is the greatest of measures but of these things t is spoken more at large by others CHAP. V. Of Doses of Medicines ALthough in this darknesse of mans understanding t is not so easy to define by what Rule and proportion Elements agree in mixture yet by the most the opinion of Alchindus is retained and a Geometricall proportion is appointed in degrees not an Arithmeticall and that for this reason because betwixt the neerest degrees there is a far greater difference and inequality then there is between two numbers immediatly following one another Hence from two scruples to two ounces is accounted a temperate dose the dose of a medicine in the first degree from a scruple to an ounce in the second from halfe a scruple to halfe an ounce in the third from five graines to two drachms in the fourth from two graines and a halfe to a drachm yet it is here to be observed that in every degree as appeares by the dose there is a certain latitude in the highest degrees you may not allwayes ascend to the highest dose nor may all those things which are in the fourth degree be given to a drachm but according as some are in the beginning others in the middle and others in the end of the fourth so the dose is to be moderated Moreover 't is here to be noted that regard ought to be had of occult qualities also and therefore experience is especially to be consulted with The Doses of Purgers AS for the doses of purging Medicines The Dose of purgeâ—s they may be limited according to degrees but since that in every degree there are three mansions t is not lawfull to give what medicine you please of what degree soever from the lowest to the highest dose of that mansion But every mansion hath its highest and lowest dose The dose in the first mansion of the first degree is from two ounces or three to six or seven ounces such like are Syrup of Roses selutive and Honey of Violets solutive Those which are in the third mansion of the second degree are given from â„¥ 2. to â„¥ 3. or â„¥ 4. to these belong juice of Roses and Violets
be yet remaining that is to be taken away by degrees and by helping and the principall parts are to be strengthned but if nothing of the vitious matter be present the body is carefully to be refreshed with moist aliment and that which is easie to be concocted namely the yolkes of eggs broathes with Bread Chickens Hens Capons Fish lastly Goates flesh Mutton Veale sleepe helps concoction unctions strengthen the stomach before meate are appointed frications also moderate walking Baths of fresh warme waâ—â—r lastly strengthening things are to be used and such as may resist the reliques of the causes of imbecility and of sickly disposition but those things which may call back the distemper which trouble sick these are to be avoided THE FIFTH BOOK PART 1. Of the Materialls for Cure SECT I. Of Medicines CHAP. I. What a Medicine is THere remains the last part of Physick which is the Therapeuticall which restores men that are fallen into diseases to their former health and expells those diseases from mens bodyes which torment them but that the Physitian may obtaine this end it is necessary that he be instructed in two things first a Method whereby he may find those things that are helpfull by Indications secondly Instruments or Materialls for cure whereby he may performe that which he found out by Indications The matter fit for cure is properly reduced to three heads Instruments of Physick dyet manuall operation and making up of Medicines First you are to be admonished that you are to distinguish cures from the materialls used in curing for cure is that whereby instruction is given from the Indicant to performe or act something and is alwayes one as to heate or make hot but the Matter of helpe is that whereby that is performed by the Physitian which the Indicant commands which may be manifold as whilst you are to heat it may be done with Pepper Ginger Wormewood c. But since that of Dieteticall matter is spoken sufficiently in the former book it remaines that wee speake of Medicines Medicine what is it and Manual operation and first as for Medicines by amedicine wee understand every thing that is a different thing from nature which may alter our bodies and reduce them to a naturall state from a preternaturall In which respect it differs from aliment and Poyson for Aliment as it is aliment is onely that which increaseth the substance or it renewes and increaseth our bodies a Medicince alters but doth not repaire but if any thing can together nourish and alter our bodies t is alimentall Medicine or medicinall aliment but poysons neither nourish nor alter our bodies but are destroyers of our bodies and have power to corrupt them CHAP. II. Of the faculties of Medicines in generall MEdicines are two-fold Medicines how manyfold Simple Compound some are simple other compound a simple is that which is such by nature onely and hath nothing mixt with it by art compound are when more naturall things are mingled by art into the forme of one medicine Simple Medicines are taken from Plants Simple how many fold Plants Animalls Mineralls and Plants are either taken whole or their parts Roots Woods Piths Barkes Leaves and Branches Flowers Seeds Fruits Juices Gumms Rosins Oiles and Liquors as Wine Animals also are used whole Living Creatures or their parts as Harts-Horn Marrow Flesh or those things that are generated in them as Milke Eggs or their workes as Hony Wax or their excrements as Gall Urine Under Mineralls are comprehended not onely those things which are properly called Mineralls Mineralls Vitriall Antimony Sulphure and Mettalls and the excrements but also divers kinds of earths as Uermillion Irish Slat Bole-Arminack as also all Stones and Gemms also divers kinds of Salts and concreted juices in the earth of which Naptha is one also bathing-bathing-waters in which ranke Manna may be put if there be no other place fit for it The faculties are various of so many different things The difference of Medicines Actuall and from hence the divisions of Medicines are various for first some Medicines are said to bee such in action others in power to be such things as are said to be such in action which in them containe that which they are said to be the act being as it were present and absolved and so the operation is in a readinesse and can affect our bodies at the first touch with that quality wherewith they are endued so Water and Ice are cold in action because after what manner soever they are applyed to a body they can presently coole the same but those things are such in potentia Potentiall whose force is not perceived at the first touch but lyeth hid and as it were asleep nor doth it discover it selfe by action untill it be some way changed by our heat and be burnt and reduced into action so Pepper and Wine although to the touch they are cold yet neverthelesse they heate But although the force of Medicines are various Facultiei of Medicines manifest yet they may conveniently be divided into manifest and occult those are called manifest which affect our senses or which excite qualities in the patient which are discerned by our senses and whereof a manifest cause may be rendred But occult are such which doe not produce qualities in a Patient obvious to sence Occult but performe something by a hidden propriety to wit they purge a certaine humor they strengthen a certaine member they resist poyson or being hung or carried externally worke upon the body the manifest causes whereof cannot be explained and no other reason can be given then that such a power or force is in them by a peculiar propriety of nature although there are some who reject hidden qualities yet I. C. Scaliger rightly thinks that t is a high peice of impudence to reduce all things to manifest qualities in the 218. of his exercises Sect. 8. and those which endeavour this bring foolish and ridiculous reasons or deny those things which are confirmed by experience and these faculties and actions are different from those in their whole kinde as also from others which are spoken of before in the 2. Booke 2. Part. Cap. 12. both from hence in the first place because the strength of these qualities are far greater then theirs of the primary qualities and their efficacy is great oftentimes in the smallest body But both of them The first the second the manifest and occult faculties and actions of Medicines are various of manifest qualities some are primary others secondary others of a third kind The third kind of qualities the first have power of heating cooling moistning and drying the second to soften to harden condense rarify resolve attenuate thicken to draw to repel the third to provoke Urine to cause and stay courses to move vomit generate flesh and to breake stones although the power of breaking stones may more fittly be attributed to the propriety of
a water to provoke vomit made of green Walnuts and Raddish Rootes Ana parts 2. of Vinegar part 3 d being distilled is given to two ounces or three ounces white vitriol Salt of vitriol glasse of Mars and Flowers crocus Metallorum and from thence a water to cause vomiting prepared by Rulandus Mercurius vitae c. are in use with the chymists CHAP XIII Of Medicines causing Vrine OF Diuretick medicines or such as cause Urine some are properly so called Diureticks namely such as easily penetrate into the veines and poure humors into them they cut and seperate the thick from the thin that they may so doe t is necessary that they be hot in the third degree and of a most thin substance of this kind are the Rootes of smallage Fennell Parsly Butchers-broome Sparagus Valerian Burnet Spikenard Asarabecca Wormewood Agrimony Nettles Ground-pine Cheruil Rue Scordium Anniseed Fennell-seed Hart-wort cheruil Gromwell Saxifrage Juniper-berries sweet Almonds Peach-stones and water distilled out of them with Malmesey Wine Cubebs Garden-cresses the wood cassia Medicines of spirit of Salt and of Tartar others lesse properly so called whereof some are hot but doe not attaine to the third degree as Turpentine Parsnips Dill Venus haire fresh gathered Rootes of Smallage others are moist also which supple or loosen the passages of Urine as Licorish march Mallowes the seed of Mallowes others are cold which have an abstersive faculty moderate attenuating and refrigerating force such are Pippens Gourds Cucumbers the substance and seed therof Barley Strawberries whey juice of citrons and Lymons others besides that they are of thin parts they afford much aqueous humidity as thin white Wine the seed of Melons Gourds cucumbers waters of baths CHAP XIV Of Medicines provoking sweats I Droticks Provoking sweat or Sudoriphicks are endued with a greater tenuity of parts then Diureticks they are hot also and besides they penetrate into the farthest parts of the body and cut humours they attenuate rarify and turne into exhalation and what ever is in their way they carry with them and drive into the extremities of the body or if some amongst them are cold or astringent also by a hidden quality whereby they resist poyson they drive malignant humours to the superficies of the body Such are Carduus Benedictus Venus haire Rootes of Fennell Smallage Parsley Burdocke Burnet Angelica Tormentill Worm-seed China Flowers of chamomill the wood guaicum Sassafras Irish slat Harts-horne juice of Elder Bezoarticum Minerald without and with Gold fixed steele or Diaphoretick and copper and steele fixed Diaphoretick Mercury precipitate also to provoke sweates Laconick bathes of sweet water are profitable also fomentations as warme Bottles and hot Tiles Frications Vnctions and such like CHAP. XV. Of Diaphoreticks and Medicines discussing wind DIaphoreticks with the Greekes are the same Dissolving with discutient and dissolving medicines with the Latines and they drive out through the insensible passages and secret pores all such things are hot and dry and have power of converting humours into Vapours and of opening and dilating the pores of the skin such are camomill Melilot Dill Fenugreek Rue seed of Flax Lupines Galbanum dryed Pitch Storax Brimstone Sagapenum and such like which are lately named Next to these are they which are called Discussing of wind discussers of wind which as well can discusse and consume wind within the body as when it is moving to the extremities such are besides those already named century the lesse which wonderfully conduceth to the discussion of wind upon the Hypocondries Anniseed Bay-leaves Pennyroyall Fennel-seed caraway-seed cummin Ammi carrot seed Parsley Agnus Castus Dill Juniper-berries Bay-berries Galingale cloves Mace the Pills of Oranges the genitalls of a Beaver CHAP. XVI Of provoking courses expelling the secundine and a dead child SUch as bring downe menstrous Eringing downe courses are either improperly so called to wit such as corroborate the expulsive faculty or further the generation of blood or else attenuate its thicknesse and viscidity or properly so called which open obstructions of the wombe and draw down blood to the wombe which opening and cleanseing things most powerfully performe and such as are not of a very thin substance least through their tenuity of substance they should presently be scattered and therefore there is most conveniently provided for this purpose things which have some bitternesse mixt with Acrimony such like are Sage Penny-royall Dittany or Garden-ginger Marjerom Rue Calamint Wild-Marjerom Bittony Spike Asarabecca Mugwort Germander Worme-wood Ground-pine Rootes of red Madder Birth-wort Fennell Parsley Flowerdeluce Eringo Lovage Burnet Saffron Flowers of white Violets Parsnips Juniper-berries of Bays Flowers of Camomill Cinamon Mirrh native Borax The stronger of these drive out the secundine Expelling Secondines and a dead child and expell a dead child which therefore are called casters out and drivers out or Ejaculators because they drive out the young such like are Asa faetida castor Myrrh and those things which are variously applyed externally as Opopanax Galbanum Amoniacum Sulphure the smell of the burnt hoofes of an Ass Coloquintida Rue wild Cucumbers the gall of a Cow or Calfe CHAP. XVII Of Medicines that breake the stone SInce the common Doctrine of the generation of stones is suspected as is said before in the second Booke page 2. Breaking the stone C. 9. also the common opinion which strives to support it concerning the power of dissolving stones is suspected and therefore here we deservedly fly to the propriety of the whole substance which nevertheless is not inconveniently drawne from a Saline or salt force the medicines breaking the stone are Ground Ivy Bitony Pelitory the Rootes of Rest-harrow the five Diureticks the Rootes of Raddish Saxafrage Burs bitter Almonds cherry-stones the stones of Apricocks the Kernells of Medlars Grumwell Parsnips cinamon Gourds crabs stones Goates blood Lapis Judaicus the Rootes of Sparrage Snales Lignum Nephriticum CHAP. XVIII Of Errhines Sternutatories and Apophlegmatismes ERrhines draw out phlegme into the Nostrills Errhines not from the ventricles of the braine but such as is about the membranes covering the braine they performe that by their heate and vitrosity wherewith they are endued by their extergent and sharpe faculty such are made of Marjerom Rue Pimpernell cabbage Beetes Rootes of Flowerdeluce Fennell flowre Penneroyall Wild Marjerom Hore-hound Sow-bread Wild Cucumbers celendine Fell-wort the juice of double or single Pasque flowre Ptarnicks or Sternutatories or such as cause sneezing Sternutarories are those which by their Acrimony irritate the expulsive faculty of the braine which being wearied desiring to expel the medicine sends out together with it the excrements which remaine about its membranes and in it selfe such like are certaine Errhines most curiously powdered and likewise white Pepper Ginger white Hellebore bastard Pellitory Caster Cloves sneezing-wort Euphorbium Lastly Apophlegmatismes Masticatories Apophlegmatismes or Gargarismes are those which being put into the mouth and touching the Palate draw excrements
out of the body by cupping glasses but a cupping glass is a vessell with a belly which is fastned to the body to draw all whose strength of acting comes by reason of vacuity but what the differences of them are the manner of applying of them and their use shall be shewn in the Institutions and thus much of the third Chyrurgicall operation CHAP. X. Of drawing of things out of the body which were sent into the body from without THe fourth Chyrurgicall operation is How many wayes things may be drawn out of the body Drawing out of things thrust into the body A Dart how many wayes it may be drawne out Exairesis or extraction of hurtfull and unprofitable things out of the body but things which are to be taken away are either sent from without into the body or begotten in the body First for what belongs to the extraction of things sent from without into the body they are twofold first all those things which are sent to wound the body as darts of all sorts and Bullets shot out of Guns Moreover certaine externall things which come into the Chops and Throate Eares Nostrills and Eyes and stick in them But Darts are taken out two wayes either by extraction or impulsion that is either that way which they came in or that way which it aimed to goe out at t is drawne out by the part which it came in at either without any launcing or with launcing for if the dart pierced not deep if it hath not passed through great vessells or nervous parts and and meetes with a bone veines arteries or nerves out of the region whither it tended and if there be no feare of any great tearing it may be drawn back that way which it entered into the body and that without cutting but if there be danger and that it be to be feared least that the body should be lacerated if the dart should be drawn out the same way that it went in at the wound is to be dilated either by cutting or without launcing namely with that Instrument which Ceâ—sus in his 7. Booke and 15. Chap. calls Hypsiloeides or Swans or â—torkes beake or other dilating Instruments whereby the Dart may the casier be drawn back T is drawn out by the hand if it may be when it is apparent and is fastned only in flesh or with a Volcella when it sticks so deep that it cannot be taken hold of by the hands or other Instruments which the Greekes Boloulca that is certaine Instruments to pull out Darts of which kind are long Tongs Tongs with teeth straight a little bent inward but the outmost part broad and round to which the latter Chyrurgeons have given severall names from their figure and call them Crowes Storkes Ducks Geese bill the figures whereof are extant in Amb. Parey in the 10 th Booke 18 th Chap. but if the point of the Dart hath pierced into the member more then halfe through and the place by which the dart is to be drawn through be more then it hath hitherto passed and neither bone Nerve Veines nor Arteries hinder it t is more convenient to drive the Dart thither whither it tended dissection being made in that part and to draw it out by making of a new wound but yet if the Dart be too broad t is not expedient to draw it out through another part least that we add to that great wound another greate one The reason of drawing out Musket bullets in many things is agreeable to the extraction of Darts The way of taking out of Musket bullets for three things are required to extraction the first that the way may be dilated with an Instrument secondly that the bullet be taken hold of the Instrument takes the bullet either as a paire of Tongs or the point of the Instrument enters into the bullet incompasseth it with its cavity or it takes hold with the end that is toothed like a faw thirdly a bullet being taken hold of with an Instrument is drawne out by the hand of a Chyrurgeon with the Instrument of which more in the Institutions Moreover sometimes thing shappen externally to the Chops Things that stick in the Chops Throate Eares and happen into the Nostrills and Eyes and use to stick in them each of which require severall wayes of drawing forth if a little fish bone or the back bone of a fish stick in the Throate and that it be in sight when the mouth is opened t is to be taken out with a Volcella and that either straight or a little bowed towards the end and convenient to take out the bones from the Threate but if it should descend deeper into the Throate or having used a Speculum of the mouth to open it wide if it doth not appeare a vomit is to be stirred up with oyle of sweet Almonds or of Olives or with a quill or putting downe ones finger A Worme sticking in the Eares A worme in the eares how to be taken out first of all it is to be drawn out a live and that it may be the better performed and the worme may the easier be taken it is to be enticed outward by injecting sweete things into the Eares and applying of them outwardly but if it cannot be enticed or drawn out alive it is to be killed with those things that are bitter and by a peculiar propriety and force are destructive to wormes but being killed t is drawn out by powring in water or wine and Oyle luke warme and putting in of tents made of Cotton wet with Hony Turpentine or some glutinous gum wherewith twisting it up and down in the Eare the worme is drawn forth the sick leaning on that side the Eare is affected Other things which may be put or slid into the eare are either hard or liquid if the things are hard warme Oyle is to be powred in that they may be dissolved if it be possible or certainly the passages of the Eare may become slippery but if the thing which falls in be of that nature that it will swell with moistning as Pease Beanes c. all moist things are to be avoided afterwards sneezing is to be provoaked the Nostrills and the mouth being shut that the spirits may be forced to goe out through the Eares and so that together to be thrust out which was slid into the Eares but if the thing cannot be extruded in this manner t is to be drawn out with a convenient Instrument yet very warily least either that which is to be taken forth should be thrust deeper or the membrane called the drumme of the Eare should be broken If that which is to be taken out be liquid the affected should hop upon his foote on the contrary side bending his head downeward on the afflicted side that the moisture may come forth which if it doth not come to passe sneezing is to be occasioned or a little dry sponge is to be put into the Eare so that the
a remedie that stenches blood but it is stopt two wayes either by prohibiting that the blood cannot returne to the place out of which it came or if the vessells suffer it not to flow which will be done if they are shut or closed and sometimes one of them only sufficeth and sometimes when there is a great flux of blood both are necessary That the blood may not flow back to the place out of which it came is to be brought to passe if it be not drawn back by it if it be repelled if it be drawn to another place tâ—s not drawn back if the causes by reason of which t is drawn back be taken away as heat pain troublesome thirst t is repelled by the use of the Refrigeratives and astringents t is drawne into another part by Revelling or Deriving but that the blood may not flow back is prohibited when the end is shut which is done when the way is obstructed and stopped through which it flowed We cure a swooning by refreshing the Spirits Fainting or swooning although it cannot be done presently by removing the cause for this purpose the most fâ—â— things are pure Aire excellent and O doriferous Wine and spirits distilled of it But not only actions hurt but other Symptomes also sometimes trouble if the Arme pits stink and smell ranke that inconveniency is remided by the use of sweet things if the breath stinks that imperfection is hid by the chewing of sweet smelling things THE FIFTH BOOK PART II. SECT III. Of the vitall Indication CHAP. I. What doth Indicate Dyet in those that are sick SIth hence it is spoken by what means things preternaturall are to be taken away now it remains that we speake how that which remains in a sick man according to nature may be kept or preserved but those things which are according to nature commonly come under the name of strength or force and Indication which is taken from thence is called vitall and Conservatory because it preserves those things which are hitherto in the sick according to nature and those things which can preserve the strength of our body by themselves and are according to nature are called vitall and Preservatory Indicates But since as above in the 4. Booke part 2. Chap. 1. it is said there are three vitall or Preservatory Indicants health the cause of health and sound actions as we are to endeavour that in a sound condition all these may be preserved so it is to be aimed that as much as it is possible they may be kept in such as are sick and this is to preserve strength namely to preserve the native heat in the whole and in all the parts and the right use and observation of things called non-naturalls Namely the strength shews the Aliment The strength what it shews in this respect because 't is placed in spirituous solid and fleshy parts having a just quantity and doth use them as an Instrument and the vitall Indication is busied only about keeping the substance of the spirituous solld and fleshy parts But although the strength only Indicate Aliment Things prohibiting yet it may be prohibited from others for oftentimes the giving of meate increaseth the morbifique constitution and also to regard this that 't is not to Indicate Aliment but to prohibit it for when meate is given nature is called away from concoction and evacuation of morbifique matter and therefore when the powers Indicate their preservation which is performed by exhibiting nourishment in that quantity which the substance to be preserved wanteth but the morbifique cause indicates its Evacuation and therefore commands nature to be at leasure for it selfe alone and so prohibits Aliment whereby nature would be called away and hindred from its worke you must be carefull what urgeth more In breife strength only Indicates Aliment the morbifique cause permits or probibits the rest as age custome Time of the year the state of Heaven and such like are the signes of firme strength or of weaknesse or such as may shew the force and greatnesse of the morbifique cause CHAP. II. What things belongs to Dyet ALthough Dyet consists principally of meate and drink Things prohibiting to Dyet yet other things also called non-naturalls as Aire sleep and watchings exercise and rest and accidents of the mind belong thereunto but amongst these there are some things out of which primarily and by themselves Aliment is generated such is Aire meate and drink but others are accounted amongst the matter of food in this respect not because really out of those as the matter Aliment of the body is generated but as they are the causes of Aliment by accident and helpe that those things which are the true materialls of Aliments may be more commodiously turned into Aliment such are sleep and watchings exercises and rest Repletion and Inanition and passions of the mind of which is spoken above in the 4. Book CHAP III. How many sorts there are of Dyet and which agrees to which diseases BUt Dyet is threefold Dyet threefold Thick Indifferent Thin thick thin indifferent or betwixt both thick or full Dyet is that which can preserve not only the strength which is present but also can increase it indifferent is that which preserves the strength as it finds it the thin is that which preserves the strength yet somewhat abated Of thick and full Dyet again some is simple which agrees to those that are sick and is made by a ptisan with the Barley whole another is fuller and thicker which is made with fish and Eggs another which is the fullest of all which gives way to flesh of creatures that are gelded Simply thin is threefold simply such and is made by the juice of ptisan the thick juice or creame of ptisan or ptisan strained the thinner is that wherein water and Honey is mixt the thinnest Dyet was that of Hippo. wherein nothing was put the middle sort was made with bread dipt in broath or also with the flâ—sh of fowles But regard is to be had of custome places and Countries since in some Countries full Dyet is more in use in others more sparing and according to that the matter of thin Dyet is to be moderated But what kind of Dyet agrees to what diseases the comparing of the strength which Indicates food and the morbifique causes What food is fit for what diseases which hinder the same do shew for by how much the more nature is busied in opposing the morbifique cause by so much the more sparing Dyet is convenient but by how much the lesse it is busied by so much the more plentifull Dyet may be given but by so much the lesse it is oppressed by so much the state of a disease is nigher and therefore also by how much the disease is more acute by so much the Dyet is to be more sparing so that the strength can endure with it untill the state but t is known when the strength can endure
or throat with Apophlegmatismes to draw away Phlegme Dentifrices to rub and cleanse the Teeth To the nose Erhines Sneezing-wort Odours Suffumigations peculiar injections into the Ears Collyries or medicines applyed to the eyes To the outside of the bodie only are exhibited and applyed oiles balsomes ointments linements cerots plaisters Cataplasmes Dropases or ointments to take away hair Sinapismes Phaenigmaes or medicines causing the bodie to break out in blisters or Pustules Epithems or medicines some what softer then plaisters to be applied to the bodie fomentations or any thing applied plaister-waies to aswage pain little baggs powders embrocations washings of the extream parts baths washbals searing irons or cauteties Some others do best agree with certain other parts What Medicines are are applyed to the Head all external things for the most part communicate their strength to the head as distilled waters and spirits oils extracts decoctions infusions syrups conserves preserves comfits electuaries little round cakes morsels pills powders But external medicines applied to the head in the form of powders little baggs round balles oiles balsoms ointments unguents plaisters cerots cataplasmes oxyrhods that is medicines with vinegar and roses epithemes or the softest plaisters embrocations suffumigations perfumes of divers sorts as also washings of the Feet are profitable for the Head To the eyes To the Ears Externally waters and Collyries ointments fomentations unguents cataplasmes are convenient for the eyes Into the ears distilled waters Juices decoctions oiles and other liquours are infused and dropt and other Medicines in the form of evaporation and fumes are sent into the ears also liniments ointments fomentations epithemes Cataplasmes are applied For the teeth are convenient lotions for the mouth To the Teeth liniments small pills to be put into hollow Teeth unctions for the Jawes powders for rubbing the Teeth and also troches and pensills made in the form of suppositers are convenient for the Teeth and being dryed and hardned the Teeth are rubbed therewith Medicines applied to the mouth and Chopps are lotions For the mouth and Chopps For the Breast and gargarisines ointments made of hony of syrups and juices lohocks Most internal things are good for the Breast but especially lohocks troches and litle rolles such as they use to hold under their tongues the thicker sort of syrups vapours and fumes drawn in with aier externally the samemedicines may be applied in the form of oiles ointments unguents cataplasmes plaisters and cerots little baggs fomentations and epithemes Medicines are applied to the Heart To the Heart for the most part after the same manner and moreover fumes or steames which are profitable for the recreating and refreshing of the spirits Internal Medicines may be conveyed to the Stomack in all formes To the Stomack but principally those which are taken in at the mouth but externally in the form of oils unctions fomentations liniments unguents cataplasmes plaisters epithemes baggs Moreover To the Liver all internall things may penetrate to the Liver But externall in the forme of Ointments Fomentations Linements Cataplasmes Unguents Plaisters little bags Epithems are applyed In the same manner Unctions are exhibited to the Spleen To the Spleen Reiues and Bladder and Bladder Bathes also and Tubs of waters to fit in are usefull for the Reins Bladder and spermatick Vessells and Clysters injected are good for diseases of the Reines All the same things are convenient for the wombe and moreover injections into the wombe Pessaries Errhines or medicines to put into the nose fumes and Evaporations Lotions of the feet And all these sorts of medicines shall now be explained in their order as far forth as this compendium will admit of CHAP. II. Of Decoctions DEcoctions which the Greeks call Apozemes are potulent medicines prepared by the boyling of plants and of their parts Decoctions what How many fold are potulent medicines prepared by the boyling of plants and of their parts seldome of Animalls all Decoctions may conveniently be reduced into two formes namely into Decoctions altering and purging under Decoctions altering we will comprehend all those that have any other verrue besides purging and do alter the body whether they are given in regard of themselves only or for some following purge which Decoctions are then called Preparatives Digestives or Apperatives that is opening things But the matter to be decocted is taken out of the rank of Vegetables The matter of them wherein are variety of parts of plants or herbs seldome of living Creatures But as for the quantity of the materialls to be decocted Quantity if a weight be to be assigned generally to what ever is to be boyled it begins from an ounce or two ounces for the most part and ascends sometimes to halfe a pound nay sometimes to a pound a pound and halfe and two pound but as for the dose of the several kinds Decoctions are prepared Of the Roots and Barks â„¥ 2. â„¥ 3. and â„¥ 4. Of Leaves 3.4.5 or 6. handfulls Of seeds 3.4.5.6 drachms Of Fruires in number 1.2.3 couples or paires 5.6 Of flowers pugills 4. or 5. Halfe an ounce five drachms or six drachms answers to a little handfull two drachms or three to a pugill but it is not necessary to mixe all those together in every decoction and to heape up a mixture of them all but when a few will performe the intentions t is in vaine to put in many yet if the decoction be provided to be given at many severall times such a quantity of materialls ought to be taken as that the decoction made of them may be powerfull to performe the aime of the Physitian But in the seething Preparation of the matter Or of boyling the preparation of the things to be boyled and the manner of seething is to be observed for first if the materialls are too thick or hard they are first to be cut or gently bruised or fyled or beaten in a mortar In the manner of seething order is to be observed in putting in the things to be decocted the fire and instruments and Liquor which is decocted and time also is to be observed Order of boyling is to be observed that all the things may not be put in together but the Roots Barkes Woods which are the more sollid things and without smell should be put in first then the Leaves and seeds last of all flowers and Aromatick things and all those things which smell strongly and those things which may disperse their strength by much boyling but this cannot be observed except the vessell be opened but if the decoction be made in a thing that is covered it matters not much to put in all the things altogether and if any of them are more difficult to be seethed those should first of all be bruised by themselves The fire should be cleare and equall but very gentle since the vertue is easily called forth but stronger when there is need of much boyleing But decoctions are made by the Apothecaries
commonly when the vessell is open and the fire also but t is more convenient least the strength of the medicines should vanish in boyling to make a decoction in a Biploma as they call it or a double vessell the vessell being shut or if a decoction be made the fire being open t is convenient to set on it a close Alembick or if it hath a beake oâ— snout to fit it with a receiver to take the liquor and to mixe it with the strained decoction The Liquor in which the things are boyled ought to be such as may performe the intentions of the Physitiâ—â— Liquor for the De coction as water of the Fountaine distilled water Barly-water Chaly-beate Water Whey water mixt with Honey called Hydromell sometimes Wine is taken seldome strong Beere is used sometimes some Vineger is put in that the viscid and tough humours may more powerfully be cut thereby and the medicine may penetrate the more sometimes Roots alone before the decoction is made are brayed in Vineger Distilled waters also are often used for decoctions with no great profit but with great charge unlesse the decoction be made in a close vessell since so long boyling takes away all their strength The quantity of the Liquor ought to be such as may satisfie for the decoction The quantity of Liquor and ought to cover the medicines three or foure fingers breadth which for the most part is left to the discretion of the Apothecarie But if the proportion be appointed by the Physitian the Liquor is for the most part foure-fold six-fold eight-fold in proportion to the medicines according as the Herbs are dry or full of juice thick or thin and may imbibe more or lesse of the Liquor and they ought to seeth a little or long Sometimes before boyling the medicines are somewhat cut or bruised and sometimes they stand a while after decoction before they are strained But they are boyled to the consumption of halfe or of a third part or of a fourth part only of Liquor or till but a third part remaines according as the medicines and the scope of the Physitian requires for those whose vertue easily vanish and are in a thin and seperable substance are to be boyled the lesse time but those whose substances are thicker the strength cannot be drawn forth without longer boyling the decoction is strained with or without squeazing according as there is need of the thinner parts only or thicker and such as lye deeper A decoction is prepared either for one dose or more for one three four or five ounces may suffice if for more the decoction should be made that the remainder may be a Pint or a Pint and an half and afterwards of things making it pleasant for one Dose an Ounce or an Ounce and an half may be added yet more than a Pint or a Pint and an half of a decoction at one time is seldom made except the decoction of Guiacum and such like since that if more should be prepared it would easily be spoiled before it would be taken by the sick Unto three four or five ounces of the decoction strained are added of Sugar which often is â—used or Honey six drachms or an ounce or of some convenient Syrup in every dose an ounce or an ounce and halfe Sometimes the juices that are most convenient of Herbs or Fruits and often other Liquors as Aqua vitae Spirit of Vitrioyle Copper Salt-peter some drops thereof are added and indeed only one of these is added sometimes to an Apozeme but of lenitives more as more Syrups or juices Syrups or of juice and Sugar when juices are adminiistred for the most part Sugar or Syrup is mixed with them and sometimes pleasant things that they may be the better mingled a gentle ebullition is appointed at a weak fire if it be convenient the white of an egg may be added that the Sugar and Honey and decoction also may be clarifyed or if that clarification doth not suffice the decoction is to be put into the Balneum Mariae till the thick dregs settle in the bottome and they by setling in the bottome and powring off of the cleare Liquor are seperated and that is to be repeated sometimes if it be needfull sometimes the decoction is to be made pleasant either for the acquiring of a good taste or smell or some other vertue namely the Aromaticks a little before the end of boyling being reduced into into powder or Aromatick species fitted for the disease halfe a drachm or a drachm thereof in each pint is to be hung in a thin skin or bladder in the decoction and are often pressed out or else a little after the decoction is removed from the fire the decoction being as yet hot they may be cut or bruised more grossely and so injected and after they have stood together some time in a vessell well covered it is strained againe Muske also and Amber-greaze if it be convenient may be also given to the dose of a graine of each or a drachm or two of Cinamon water may be added If Wine or Vinegar be necessary t is more convenient to add them after the boyling or a little before they have done boyling They are given for the most part in the Morning The time of giving or Evening or two or three hours before dinner or supper the stomach being empty and the decoction being first warmed three foure or five ounces thereof is given at a time and that is often performed two three foute or five dayes following and either once only or twice a day if the decoction are prepared for many doses they are to be kept in cold places under ground for they will scarce continue above a weeke although it be in the Winter but in the Spring and Summer for the most part they are renewed every way Hereunto belong restorative Broathes as they call them Restorative broaths which are made of Hens or Capons to which Veale or Goates flesh may be added and there are of three sorts the first they call a compleat Jus Consum matum or a perfect broâ—th because 't is most absolute and fittest to nourish it is prepared as ordinary broathes are only that they boyle longer and indeed so long untill the sixth eighth or sometimes the tenth part only remaines Gelatina the second is called Gelatina which is made if these meates are boyled in a double vessell without powring off the water and the juice is pressed out from thence from which after it is cooled the fat swimming on the top is to be scummed off Contusum the third is called Contusum which is prepared when the meates first sodden or rosted afterwards are beaten in a morter so long untill they may melt when broath is put to them and afterwards are strained Purging Decoctions PUrging decoctions differ not from other decoctions The manner of prepuring purging of decoctions unlesse in respect of materialls namely that
is simple when nothing is boyled besides Barley another is compound when certaine other things also are added to the Barley namely Raisons Licorish Anni-seed Fennell-seed Cinamon Sugar of Licorisâ— is added from two drachms to half an ounce or six drachms Raisons from an ounce to two ounces of such as are stoned halfe or a whole drachm Cinamon to one drachm or 2. drachms for a pint and halfe or z pints of Liquor Sometimes a sowre medicine is prepared Medicinall Vinegar as with Squills Roses the rindes of Scordium the Flowres of Elder and many others and not only of one but more simples by infusion and materation of them in the same manner as in medicinall wines Moreover to this Head we may refer clarified juices Clarified juices which being pressed out of new gathered Plants are purified either by the white of an Egg or by straining often repeated principally by filtring or by separation CHAP. V. Of distilled Waters and Spirits THose things which are prepared by distillation are called distilled things which are of divers kindes Things distilled yet all of them may be reduced to two formes for either the things distilled are in the forme of waters or Oyles Water those that are of the same consistence with water are again two-fold for either they come neere the nature of water and are plainly called waters or else they are spirituous Spirits and are called Spirits yet these names are often confounded for oftentimes that which is spirituous is called a water 1. First distilled waters are prepared of divers things Manner of distilled waters of herbs and Flowers all for the most part are distilled by ascent and principally of fragrant flowers and other thinner and colder things whose force easily vanisheth for the most part waters good enough are distilled in a crooked glasse by the Balneum Mariae 2. Others bruise the flowers and herbs that are to be distilled and presse the juice out of them and out of that juice by distillation through an Alembick they draw out water into the Balneum Mariae Some cut in small peices the Plants to be distilled or bruise them and being bruised they they fill the Gourd having a narrow mouth all most full and the patelli the glasses being put on with the powder of the glasse of Copper and borax Hermeticall they shut and afterwards they put the glasse ful of water into a Cauldron and boyle it six or seven hours afterwards they put the glasse when t is taken out of the water into a warme place to cleanse it untill the drops cease to stick to the sides of the glâ—sse and the digestion be absolute they distill the matter digested in Balneo Roris they seperate the Oyle from the water they power out the water with the reliques againe and repeate the distillation 4. But the hotter and Aromatick Herbs and those whose strength doe not so easily vanish and lyes deeper are not so conveniently distilled by Balneum Mariae but in vesica but in this distillation by a vessell of water some diversity also is observed for some bruise the herbs or cut them into smal peices and fill the fourth part of the Vesica besides for them then they poure of the pure water that three parts of the Vesica may be filled therewith and one quarter for the most part remaines empty and a Refrigeratory vessell being applyed and the worme also if you desire meerely a spirituous water or with an Alembick with a Refrigitory and their conjunctions or joynts shut and a convenient fire being kindled and placed under the Vesica they distill water gently and by drops 5. Others having powred in hot water into a vessell close shut first they bruise the herbs twenty foure hours for the most part they think it most profitable if the herbs are not only macerated in warme water a day and night space but being bruised or beaten they should stand in digestion and putrifaction in Horse dung or Balneo Roris or Mariae for ten or fourteen dayes afterwards they should be distilled That water which first drops out is the best but that which comes out last is like water it selfe distilled water if it be convenient may be poured off with new herbs to be digested and distilled againe 6. But since that water and spirit ascend together they must be seperated which is most conveniently done by the Balneum namely all the water is to be powred into a crooked glasse or Violl and by a gentle heat only the spirituous part is to be distilled by which distillation if the heat be rightly governed the separation happily may be made at once yet if it shall not so happen the first time the distillation is to be repeated and that rectification which was first made by a Gourd afterwards rectification is appointed by a Phyoll Examples may be seene in the Institutions CHAP. VI. Of Oyles FOr the most part it comes to passe that with the water in distillation of hot herbs Oyles and Aromatick seeds Oyle comes forth together which is to be seperated from the water but this is performed first by a kind of tunnell which they call a Separater or Tritorium afterwards through a filter or a course woollen cloath thirdly through browne paper the Precepts of which operations are to be sought out of the Institutions Yet certaine Oyles are distilled also without waters so Oyles are drawn by distillation from Amber Mastick Frankinsense Of which in the Institutions CHAP VII Of Syrups and Juleps SYrups and Seraps The name of Syrups derive their names from the Arabicks and therefore are not to be written with aâ—y which the Arabicks want and 't is drawne from the roote Schareba which signifies to sup and therefore it signifies a Liquor to be Supt Syrups therefore are fluid medicines prepared of a convenient Liquor whether it be boyled or infused or a juice made up with Sugar or Honey and boyled for the most part to the consistence of Honey Syrups are invented both for delight to the taste and for durability that convenient medicines may be in a readinesse at any time of the yeare Some of them are simple Differences which are made of one simple medicine only and with Sugar or Honey compound which are prepared of more both kindes are appointed for severall uses of them are some altering and strengthning others purging and the liquour is taken from decoctions infusions clarified juices and Vinegar This is the manner of preparing Manner of preparing Syrups First the decoctions art taken to the Decoctions are added Sugar or Honey according as the use and scope of the Medicine requires namely two pounds of Sugar or Honey to a pound or a pound and halfe of the decoction as it is desired to be thicker or thinner and ought to be kept more or lesse time Then afterwards it is to be clarified by adding of the white of an Egge that the decoction by a gentle Fire
if you have a desire to nourish They are prepared for severall purposes or uses The use according to the variety of the matter namely to quench thirst to cause sleep to provoke sweats and other things and sometimes externally in stead of Epythems and may be exhibited for the heat of the braine and to mitigate paine and cause sleep They are prepared in this manner Manner of preparing Sweet Almonds are blanched so are the foure great cold Seeds and other things the Kernels also are beaten in a stone or marble Morter pouring in by degrees some fountaine water or of Roses and other convenient distilled waters or clarifyed with a convenient decoction that is pleasant to the taste The proportion of the liquour is uncertaine sometimes more sometimes lesse according to the strength of the seeds and fruits and according as the Emulsion is required to be thicker or thinner But at the least a threefold oftentimes a six-fold eight-fold ten-fold c. quantity of the liquour is required being beaten they are strained and if convenient Syrups or Julips that are proper as of Violets or Roses are added The Emulsion being made sometimes it is to be sweetned with Sugar or Rowles of Diamarg frig manus Christi perlati or the Juleps lately mentioned Sometimes there may be added some Cinamon water if the disease will suffer it and sometimes conserves Comfits and liquid Electuaries may be added from halfe a drachm to a drachm two drachms or more Pearles also Corall Harts horne burnt and other powders and Spices may be added to Emulsions Sometimes potulent Medicines may be made of Pearles onely Corall Harts horne and such like with convenient waters which also by reason of the colour of Milke which they have are called Emulsions and are very frequent with moderne Physitians Oftentimes Juices also that are drawne out by expression as of Pomegranates Lemmons or other liquours also are mixt with those waters yet so that the distilled waters for the most part exceed the rest in quantity sometimes but seldome some convenient Syrup But because Physitians for the most part desire a white colour in this water for the most part they omit all those things that may discolour it CHAP. IX Of Tinctures and Extracts and liquid dissolutions AN Extract is nothing else but the pure essence of a thing separated from its grosser body by a fit menstruum whence they are also called Essences by many which whilst it is as yet in a more liquid substance An Extract and joyned with the menstruum it hath also the colour of the thing and therefore is called a Tincture alth ough sometimes they are called Tinctures also when the essence of a thing is now separated from its menstruum which extracted it Essences or Tinctures that are liquid Essences are prepared either of green Plants or of Juices when they are prepared of green things the Hearbs are bruised and a little spirit of Wine is put in for the preservation of them and the juice is pressed out which being cleansed is called an Essence Those that are properly called Extracts are prepared of dryed Plants from whence if the whole menstruum be not separated it is called a Tincture or liquid extract But menstruums that is Liquours exhibited for the drawing out of the essence of a thing are various according to the diversity of the matter and use they of spirit of Wine distilled Waters Whey Vinegar and such like are exhibited In choosing a menstruam first you are to consider whether you desire a liquid tincture or an extract or a thicker or grosser body For if a liquid tincture be desired a menstruum is to be taken which is of the same kind and faculty But if the menstruum ought to be separated it is no matter although it be of another kinde then the Tincture is of But since it is required in a menstruum that by the subtility of its substance it may penetrate the matter and by its familiarity intice out the purer parts and without spoyling and corrupting of the Extract it selfe may againe be separated from it Spirit of Wine may easily be esteemed the best amongst them and take the first place but May-dew distilled Vineger Spirit of Salt of Turpentine c. are used also according as some present occasion may require If compound Extracts are prepared The manner of preparing Extracts and the simples be of divers natures each of them severally or those which are nearest one to the other are drawn off by their Menstruum and afterwards the Extracts are mingled The way of preparing Extracts is plain of it self namely the Menstruum is poured into the matter that is beaten and poudred which sometimes by the help of an external heat when the essence of a thing is drawn out and the Menstruum coloured enough 't is poured out and another is put in and that so often repeated till all the strength and virtue is extracted afterwards the Menstruum is separated by heat which if it be not separated whole 't is called a Tincture or liquid Extract but if almost whole and of the consistence of Honey 't is called a simple extract examples may be seen in the Institutions Nor are such Extracts as well liquid as thicker prepared simply alone but also compounded to these belong Eâ—ixir of propriety purging Extracts and universal purgers Laudanum opiated To Extracts belong those Rosins also which are prepared of Scammony Mechoacam Jalep and such like containing in them a kinde of gummy substance Of Tinctures of Gemms Coralls Metalls as of Balsum of Venus may be seen in the Institutions CHAP. X. Of Conserves Preserves and medicinal Juices THe name of Conserve is given principally to Flowers The manner of making Conserves and sometimes to Herbs and certain soft and tender Roots which being made up with Sugar are kept many years they are prepared in this manner the Flowers or Herbs newly picked or cleansed and if they abound with too much humidity first a little dried in the shade let them be mingled and brayed in a stone-morter with a woodden Pestle with twice or thrice the quantity of Sugar and afterwards the mixture is to be put up in a Glass or glased vessel If the Plants are moister 't is profitable to heat the Conserves when they are made by a gentle Fire 2. Others take a Glass and cover the bottom of it with Sugar then they put in the Flowers to be condited the depth of three Fingers breadth and then they put in Sugar again and in this manner heap upon a heap and the Glass close shut they expose it to the Sun some certain weeks 3. Sometimes the Roots are boiled untill they can be pounded or without boiling are washed and cleansed and are beaten very small to them so pounded or to the Decoction strained through a Hair-sieve the Sugar is added as it use to be for Syrups The name of Condite although it may be taken for
a compound medicine also Things condited as well as for a simple Plant mixt onely with Honey or Sugar so that Conserves also may be comprehended under the notion of Condites yet in particular the name of Condite here is given onely to medicines which are not pounded but whole for the most part Preserved with Sugar or Honey both that they may be kept longer and rendred more gratefull to the taste Fruits in the first place are preserved Manner of Prese ving Roots Barks Stalks and some Flowers as of Citrons or Lemmons and Oranges this is the Preparation the softer Fruits as Cherries Black-berries Barberies Apritocks Peaches Pears Moshcattellina and the like which are soft being put into Sugar or Honey that is hot they are boiled untill the humidity of the Fruits 〈◊〉 consumed and the Sugar or Honey receive their former consistence or if there be danger lest being boiled they should decay and lose their colour the Sugar onely being hot they are poured out and when the Sugar hath drawn their aqueous humidity the Sugar alone is again to be boiled till that aqueous moisture is consumed and afterwards to be poured out again to the Fruits to be preserved but those which are more solid should first be bruised in Water or boiled untill the bitterness and ungratefull taste be drawn out and they become softer yet you must observe that whilest we do strive to please the Palaâ—e we must not lose the strength of the Preserve by too much maccration or boiling afterwards we dissolve and clarifie the Sugar either in fair water or in the water where the Medicine is macerated unless it hath an ill taste we pour out the clarified Sugar upon the Fruits or Roots and then we seethe them again untill the aqueous humidity which remains be consumed Lastly being so prepared they are kept in a Glass or carthen Vessel covered with a round woodden Cover and clean stones being put upon the Lid the Lid is deprest so as that it covers the Liquour Next to these are thickned juices Thickned juiees and such as are fit for medicinal uses which the Arabicks call Rob They are prepared for the most part of the juices of Fruits sometimes of Flowers also that they may be usefull in the Winter when we want fresh Herbs and Fruits and in this manner they are prepared the juice being drawn out is boiled over a gentle Fire to the consumption of half or the third part then whilest as it is yet hot the thickest is strained that which is strained is permitted to be clarified by settling in the bottome or it is clarified with the white of an Egg that which is clear is boiled again untill it acquire its due consistence But because the juices of themselves will not easily keep unless they are boiled to a thicker consistence and all the watriness be taken away for the most part less than half so much of Sugar or Honey or a little quantity of one of them is added Those purest clearest finest juices Gelatinae like icicles in frosty weather as they call them being poured out use to be kept which commonly are called Gelatinae or frozen juices and they are prepared principally of juices that are made without expression the purer and more delicate juice of Quinces Apples Pears Goosberries or Currans That composition called Diacydonium Diacydonium which use to be prepared for the most part in the form of a solid Paste unless you would rather refer it to the Electuaries And Purgers may be mingled with those Juices and of them pleasant Medicines are made for infants and more delicate Persons CHAP. XI Of Electuaries THe name of an Electuary although it be severally used by several An Electuary what yet we think that it is to be attributed to Medicines which are reduced with Honey or Syrup or plain sugar or some other convenient thing being used to a thicker consistence then a syrrup and not â—o fluid yet somewhat moist this word is derived or rather corrupted from the word in Greek Elleickton or Elleickton by which name they call a Medicine which may be taken as it were by licking by some they are improperly called Opiats Whence so called Opiats not because they have Opium in them but because they are of the like consistence with those Medecines of the Ancients which had Opium in them such as Treakle and from hence they are called Opiats Electuaries may be for severall uses according to the nature of the simples whereof they are compounded for some are to alter and strengthen others against poysons which because for the most part they have opium in them they are called Opiats as Treakle Mithridate Aurea Alexandrina others are fit to purge which are called Catharticks Difference of Electuaries Electuaries are twofold the preparation of the former is thus Aromaticks and other simples being beaten into a fine powder In the first place clarified honey is put into it or sugar or some convenient waters or syrups or proper decoctions of proper simples in faire water or a sufficient quantity of another liquor or infusions or juyces prest out of other Medecines strained and boyled with clarifyed sugar or honey to the consistence of a syrup or of many of these together whilest they are as yet warme by the fire A third part is sprinkled in by little and little which may conveniently be done through a Sieve and is to be stirred about with a woodden Pestle in a Morter and should be exactly mingled and kept in a convenient Vessell The other manner is thus Conserves they are convenient for your present purpose to which are added powders and Aromatick Species Troches Conserves also and medicionall juyces or Robs must be exactly mixt together in a Morter with a sufficient quantity of dissolved sugar or a convenient syrup or honey But the proportion betwixt the Conserves and Powders and Species are not so exact as some do determine but severall times they may be three fold foure fold six fold eight fold twelve fold For a sufficient quantity of a convenient syrup being poured in whatsoever the proportion be betwixt it and the Powders they may be all reduced easily into the consistence of an Electuary which is also to be held of Conserves Sometimes also spirit of Roses of Salt of Vitrioll distilled waters compounded or of distilled Oyles some drops are to be put in And these kinds of Electuaries were called by some Condites as is said before t is so called by some from the mixture Mixture Purging Electuaries for the most part are so made There is another manner like to this Fruits seeds or roots are put in or are boiled in wine or water to the fâ—rm of a Poultice Afterwards they are strained through a haire Sieve sugar or clarified honey is added or Syrups or Manna and if it be needfull are boiled to the consistence of honey sometimes the Species and Powders also Spirits also of
are medicines which are put into the nostrills which is done for severall ends either for calling out Excrements from the braine and to provoke sneezing those that performe which in particular are called Ptarmica Ptarmica or such as cause sneezing or to open the obstructions of the passages or to heale an Ulcer or stench blood whence the matter of Errhines is not allwayes the same but various according to the various intentions which is shewne before in the faculties of medicines They are prepared also in severall formes Way to make them for some are moist and Liquid others hard and dry againe the Liquid are twofold either they are powred into the nostrills or the nostrills are anointed with them only expressed juices are powred into the nostrills and are drawne in by and clarified them 2. Or distilled waters are added to the clarified juices Wine Oyle Honey somewhat lesse then double or somewhat lesse then foure times the weight according as thicker or more fluid Errhines are required or convenient powders may be added about a drachm in weight 3. Or decoctions are prepared which are mixt with somewhat lesse then double or somewhat lesse then foure times so much Honey and are put into the nostrills But those things wherewith the nostrills are anointed are most conveniently made of Oyles and Powders to which belongs Balsoms which the Nostrills are anointed with Besides these to the moist there seemes to belong those things which are put into the Nostrills in the forme of a tent But dry Errhines are made first of convenient Rootes Dry Errhiaes or Staulkes as of Beetes Flowre-deluce Sow-bread which are fashioned in the forme of a Pyramid and afterwards macerated in the water of sweet Marjerom or some other a fit water or Oyle a thred being first tyed about them they â—re put in 2. Moreover dry Errhines are made when simple medicines are reduced into a thin powder and a graine or two or two of them is blowne into the Nostrils and so they use to call Errhines in particular Ptarmaca or Sternutatories 3. Thirdly Errhines and Sneezings may be made of the same powders if with a linnen or woollen cloath or a Linnen bagg that is round they are wrapt up in it and either with juice or convenient distilled waters for example of Marjerom the Sternutatorie powder be dipt in it or sprinkled with it and put into the Nostrills 4. Fourthly medicines for the nose being reduced into a powder are taken in a Muscellage or Gumm or Turpentine or Oyle and wax and diligently mixt are made up into Pessaries in the forme of a Pyramid as it were in that bignesse that they may be put into the Nose to the end whereof a thred is tyed that it may be drawne out at pleasure CHAP. XXXI Of sweet Smells Perfumes and Odoriferous Balsomes SWeet Smells also are taken in at the Nostrills Things causing sweete Odours Simples Odoriserous but principally they are exhibited for altering of the braine and recreation of the Spirits and are exhibited for the resisting of filthy and Pestilentiall smells The materialls of these things are all such as breath a sweete Odour out of themselves as Muske Amber Civit Benzoin liquid Storax and Ladanum wood of Aloes Rose-mary Lavender Marjerom Spike wild Basill Stechados of Arabia Mace Cloves Cinamon Frankinsense Myrrb graines of Juniper Gallia Moschata Camphir and those things which are given cold as Roses Violets Flowers Kindes of Odor ferous things of Nimphea santalls But they are exhibited severall wayes and severall kinde of sweet smells are made of those simples for first they use to be reduced into powders and are kept either in a Box or woodden vessell and as often as necessary are put to the Nostrills or else are included in a little bagg or nodule of silke 2. Secondly the same reduced into powder are taken with Ladanum Wax Liquid Storax to which some Turpentine may be added also and made into one masse in a hot Morter by powring in of Rose-watar of which little balls are made commonly called Pomander 3. Thirdly Unguents and Linements use to be made of sweete things Balsomes which they call Balsomes at this day they are prepared of distilled Oyles to which is added Amber Muske Civit Indian Balsom whereof the whole force of them depends which are mixed with a certaine body which affords a convenient consistence instead whereof although some take other things yet extract of Plantine is conveniently taken or Oyle drawne out of Nutmegs by which all the smell for the most part colour and taste is extracted by the Spirit of Wine or which is most convenient an extract and Oyle of Nutmegs together to this mixture a colour agreeable to the Balsom shall be made of a juice or tincture of the medicines 4. Fourthly perfumed waters use to be prepared wherewith the Garments use to be sprinkled or the nose hands and other perts of the body use to be wet the same waters being put in a convenient vessell upon the coales are dissolved into an Odoriferous Vapour 5. Fifthly wash-balls are also prepared or sweet balls to wash the hands and feete of which hereafter Chap. 42. 6. Fumes Moreover sweet Vapours or fumes belong to Odoriferous smells the Greeks Thymiamata which although they are taken for the sweetnesse and pleasantnesse of smell or for strengthning the braine yet they may be appointed for other ends also namely to stop distillations for drying ulcers of the lungs when they are stuffed with thick matter peculiar suffumigations also are prepared for the wombe and to provoke and stop courses the falling down and suffocation of the mother the coming out of the Fundament 1. How prepared But suffumigations are prepared first of sweet medicines that are cut or powred being throwne upon live coales or hot ashes 2. Moreover the same powders are made into Cakes or Trochees with a convenient Liquor and with a Gumme or Rosin 3 Thirdly the coales of Lime or Teile-tree or of Willow being mixt Pyramids and Candles as it were are made of the same matter which is kindled when there is use for them CHAP. XXXII Of those things which are put into the Eares THose things which are put into the Eares to asswage their pains for inflammations Ulcers Singings Things to be injected into the Eares Hummings and other infirmities are exhibited either in a Liquid forme and first dropt into the Eares 1. Secondly a hot Vapour of Decoctions or convenient Liquors are injected into the Eares which they commonly call Embotum or simples that are convenient are included in a bagg and boyled and put into the Eares 3. Thirdly they are exhibited in the forme of a Linement 4. Fourthly simple medicines may be reduced into powder and blowne into the Eares or sent in in the manner of a fume or Vapour CHAP. XXXIII Of Liquid medicines for the eyes COllytion and Collurion as much as to say Collurion Collyrium that is