taken the pains to make the Experiment of it they would have found that with two or three of these Vessels they might have drawn as much Spirit of Wine as they could be able to do with their great Machine and that this Spirit is not liable to the Impression which might be communicated to it from Copper or Tin vessels As for the difficulty that there is pretended of finding these Glass vessels there is none at all that I know of but only for such as will not take the pains to visit the Glass-houses for there they would find enough for their turn and though I use a great many of them in my Courses of Chymistry I never was to seek for any yet But suppose there were none to be found ready made methinks they might as easily bespeak 'em and have 'em made at the Glass-houses as well as bespeak those grand Copper or Tin Machines that are commonly used I know those that are better pleased with making a Fair shew than with the effects of things and who measure the goodness of an Operation by the trouble it gives one and by the greatness of Vessels and Furnaces will find here but little to their satisfaction But I am very little concerned at such mens exceptions I never at all endeavoured to follow their Road way My design is simply to facilitate the means of working in Chymistry and to despoil it as much as lies in my power of those things which render it mysterious and dark Add to pag. 258. Remarks upon Spirit of Wine Tartarized A sign that the Spirit of Wine has carried along with it some of the Salt of Tartar is this if you dry gently the Salt of Tartar that remains in the Cucurbite and weigh it you 'l find it diminished an ounce and a half You may again put this Spirit of Wine Tartarized to half a pound of more Salt of Tartar in a Limbeck and distil it as before but I have found that it is ne'r a-whit the better for it This way of Tartarizing Spirit of Wine is the very best and shortest of all that have been invented whether you desire to make it Pure or to impregnate it with salt of Tartar and I may venture to say that all the many long and tedious descriptions that have been given of this Operation have been only invented to cast a dust into the eyes of Novices for it is easie for any to observe who give themselves a little to examine things that after all their long turnings and windings and circumstances to no purpose the Spirit of Wine is not so well Tartarized as by the plain Method that I have described Add to pag. 259. Remarks on the Queen of Hungary's Water The Oyl or Essence of Rosemary may be made as the Oyl of Cinnamon and some drops may be put into Spirit of Wine and thus we have a Queen of Hungaries Water presently made upon the spot The Water of the Queen of Hungary sometimes gives ease to the Tooth-ach being snufft at the Nose or applied to the Gums with a little Cotton Some endeavouring to Criticize to little purpose do say it is altogether useless to digest Rosemary Flowers with Spirit of Wine because their substance being of a very Volatile nature it easily dissolves without any Digestion But this Circumstance is very necessary if we desire to have a Water well impregnated with the Essence of the Flowers for although there is a Volatile substance in Rosemary yet good part of the Oyl in which consists principally the Smell is involved in the other Principles and it cannot be well Rarified mixed and Exalted but only by a Digestion and thus we find a very good Effect from it Add to pag. 260. last line Chap. Of Vinegar Perhaps it will be Objected that Wine separated from Tartar and Lees grows sowre when kept a long time in a vessel without any dissolution of Tartar But we must consider that Wine let it be as clear and pure as may be does always retain the more salt and subtile part of Tartar which exalts and easily smells when by the Fermentation it gets the predominancy of the Sulphureous Spirits which held it as it were involved and thus clear wine sowrs when alone but it does not sowr so fast and the Vinegar is not so strong as when it is made upon Tartar Furthermore if we consider the Principles that Wine consists of we shall find that neither the Oyl nor Earth nor Water are capable of yielding any Acidity and that nothing but the Salt is able to give it Now it can't be doubted but that the Salt of Wine is in the Tartar It may be added here that the Air to which Wines are exposed by leaving the vessel open when they would have them turn into Vinegar does likewise communicate a little of its Acidity to the Wines in the stirring up and rarifying the Acid of Tartar Add to pag. 262. Remarks on Distillation of Vinegar Some having dried and calcined the sweet extract that remains at the bottom of the Cucurbite after the Distillation of vinegar and having by Dissolution Filtration and Coagulation separated an Alkali fixt salt much like unto that which is drawn from Tartar they do mix it with Spirit of vinegar and Distil and Cohobate it divers times until say they the spirit has carried off all the Salt and then will needs have it called Spirit of vinegar Alkalized or Radical spirit of vinegar and they assert that this being much more pure and entirely united with its proper salt is much more powerful in dissolving Metals But far from the Distilled vinegars becoming the stronger through this Preparation I can demonstrate that it breaks and loses the greatest part of its points in contending with the Alkali salt with which it is mixt for 't is the property of this salt to sween Acids Neither is it necessary to believe that by Distillations is drawn the Alkali salt of Vinegar for it remains fixt at bottom of the Retort with the Acids it is impregnated with so that this same Spirit of Vinegar to which so many great names and uses have been appropriated is properly the more Phlegmatick part of distilled vinegar Add to pag. 264. Remarks on Crystals of Tartar I see no reason so much to wonder as some do why Tartar will not dissolve in cold water for although it does contain a great deal of Salt this salt is involved in Earth and Oyl which must needs hinder this dissolution and there 's no need of having recourse for an explication of this to a proportionate Union of Volatile salts and Acids Add to pag. 264. Soluble Tartar Powder and mixe together eight ounces of Crystals of Tartar and four ounces of the fixt salt of Tartar put this mixture into a glazed earthen Pot and pouring upon it three pints of common water boil the matter gently for half an hour then letting it cool filter and evaporate the liquor until it is dry and
the former discourse upon its effects and operations in the Pox vindicated modestly to be the Authors own invention 45. It is proved to be an Alkali though it contains no alkali salt 46. Objections against its being an alkali and the venom of the Pox an acid answered 47 48. K. Not half the Spirit of Niter requisite to dissolve it as is for the same weight of Bismuth 49. a difficulty about its making a sublimate corrosive in the body answered 50 51. why Mercurius Dulcis in a Flux does not fill the Brain with Vloers as it does the mouth 49. its White Precipitate by sublimation becomes as sweet as Mercurius Dulcis and may be then given in as great a Dose 52. its Red Precipitate the less 't is Calcined and the less Red it is the more Corrosive 't will prove 53. why spirit of Vitriol upon its Red Precipitate makes a clear dissolution without any Ebullition 54. why spirit of Salt upon its Red Precipitate makes a curious white 55. why the Colour turns so soon from Red to White ib. its Red precipitate will sublime if you continue it on the fire too long 53 54. other Precipitates of Mercury 56. and remarkable Observations upon them 57 58 59. why the Volatile Spirit of Sal Armoniack does so much help the Precipitation of Mercury 52. Milk whence its Coagulation 18 19. Minerals how they grow 20. Myrrhe what 132. its liquid Gum anciently called Stacten ib. how chosen and what it is good for 133. its Tincture how drawn ib. why spirit of Wine draws it best 134. its Tincture better than the Extract ib. its Oyl per Deliquium how made ib. N. Niter not at all inflammable 76. No Sulphur in Saltpeter 77. Spirit of Niter how dulcified 79. in the Fixation of Saltpeter into an alkali salt why the Crucible must be but half full 82. The Detonation from Saltpeter and Coals why greater than from Saltpeter and common Sulphur 82. why more Fixt Salt get by the use of common saltpeter than by that which is Purified 83. How to make Grey fixt Niter become exceeding White 84. Fixt Niter why an Alkali ib. No Alkali salt in saltpeter ib. why the liquor of Fixt Niter that is made with common saltpeter being kept a year or so loses its alkali nature whereas that which is made with purified Saltpeter never loses being an Alkali 84 85. Fixt Niter an Acid salt rendred porous by the Alkali of Coals 85. Liquor of Fixt Niter called by some Alkaest or Vniversal dissolvent 85. Niter excellently well proved not to be inflammable ib. O. Opium what it is good for 127. its Operation proved to proceed from Narcotick Vapours shutting the channels of the Spirits and Humours 128. and not from any proportion of salt and sulphur or secret Ferment 129. Opium observed to be Sudorifick ib. Oyl nothing else properly said to be inflammable 1. that which caused its Flagration must be a Volatile or Essential salt ib. this proved from common sulphur and a mixture of saltpeter with sulphur 2. Oyl of Bricks why called by Chymists the Oyl of Philosophers 70 71. Oyl of Peter Jet and Coals supposed to be from a distillation in the Earth but falsly 97. 98. P. Petrification how 20. Philosophers-stone the several methods of searching after it related and pleasantly discoursed of 24 25. the misery of those men that seek after it 26. the possibility of the Philosophers-stone granted but accounted next to an impossibility and the reason why ib. Q. Quicklime in the making of it the fire must be kept at an equal height to the end of the work 65. its Corrosion caused by Igneous bodies 66. no Acid in it to cause its Ebullition in water 67. S. Sal Armoniack how made Artificially at Venice 85. eight ounces of it do contain at least four ounces and a half of Volatile salt 88. its Volatile spirit only a dissolution of Volatile salt in Water ib. its spirit sensibly proved to be Sudorifick by a proper instance 89. whence it is that a Coagulation happens from the mixture of spirit of Wine with the Volatile spirit of Sal Armoniack ib. Sal Polychrestum not fit to be used until it is made very white 77. why more of it is made with common Saltpeter than that which is Purified 78. an Ebullition falsly said to rise when spirit of Sulphur is cast upon it or upon Salt-peter 78. Salt that of Vegetables proceeds from a salt juice of the Earth they grow in 5. too much salt as bad for Lands as too little an instance of those near the River Nile 6. 't is a Volatile or at least a saltpetrous salt that fertilizes Lands ib. yet the Ashes of Vegetables though full of a fixt salt do well to this purpose 7. Three sorts of salt drawn from Vegetables an Acid or Essential a Volatile and a fixt salt 9. the acid salt the only true salt in nature 9 10 11. Salt decrepitated exposed to the Air to be distilled without addition yields only a Phlegm rather than spirit 74. Monsieur Seignet's Distillation of spirit of Salt without addition of Clay to separate its parts vindicated to be good and an admirable Operation 74 75. how all alkali Fixt salts are made very white 113. and why they are Aperitive 114. its spirit not good to bathe bodies with that are to be Embalmed 116. Salt-water in the Sea caused by Mines of Salt therein contained 3 4. Sea-salt how made at Rochel 71. when Crystallized it makes no Ebullition with Oyl of Tartar 72. Saltpeter vide Niter Sulphur its white Flowers made with Sal Polychrestum 97. T. Tartar why its Crystals will not dissolve in cold water 108. why its Crystals boiled with its salt do raise an effervescency in hot water which they cannot do in cold 109. its soluble Tartar only the Cream of Tartar made soluble in cold water ib. it s Chalybeated or martial Crystals ib. soluble Tartar how chalybeated 111. soluble Emetick Tartar may be made with Volatile Spirit of Sal Armoniack instead of Spirit of Vrine but then there will be no Ebullition and why 112. how this Emetick is prepar'd another way ib. why water thrown upon its salt newly Calcined does come to heat like unslack't Lime 113. Salt of Tartar not to be Calcin'd with Sulphur ib. nor Niter 114. its Volatile salt why made of Lees of Wine rather than Tartar 124. very hard to keep its Volatile salt dry and yet how that may be done ib. its Volatile salt made alkali by the fire but was not of that nature either in the Plant or in the Lees ib. the Salt of its Lees proved to be Acid 125 126. this Volatile salt no better than others 126. some fixt Alkali salt to be found in the Lees remaining in the Retort 127. Tartarum Vitriolatum distilled in a Retort yields not so strong a spirit of Vitriol as it was at first 115. during the Ebullition of Acid and Alkali in this Operation a great many dashes of water fly about enough to put out a Candle ib. Tartarum Vitriolatum made with Rectified Oyl of Vitriol is not so white as that made with the Spirit 114. but when Oyl of Vitriol is used the Ebullition is the greater 115. V. Vegetation from a mixture of Volatile salt and Sulphur 7 8. the fixt salt that lies in the ashes of Vegetables does fructifie by being Porous 7. Vinegar it s Alkalized or Radical spirit proved to be only the more Phlegmatick part of distilled Vinegar 107. Vipers their venom caused by Acid salts 135. the natural acidity of the bloud not capable of causing any such Venemous Coagulation as Vipers do 135 136. their Volatile salt how Rectified and why 136. Vitriol the Redness of it Calcin'd proved not to proceed from any Copper therein contained 91 92. some of its Spirit always flyes away through the Junctures use what care you can 93. German Vitriol yields more but not so good spirit as the English 93. its Oyl being mixed with its Acid Spirit or with water or some Ethereal Oyl as Oyl of Turpentine why it causes so violent a Heat and Ebullition 93 94. This not to be explicated by the notions of Acid and Alkali but by fiery particles contained in the Oyl 94. an excellent Experiment to prove its Oyl full of fiery parts 94 95. Volatile salts when proper to be used and when not 126. many of these Volatile salts drawn Acid as they were in the mixt 139. W. Water Queen of Hungaries water how readily made upon the spot 105. the Rosemary Flowers in it though Volatile in their nature yet require a Digestion to draw out their virtue 106. why plain water can Precipitate Bismuth Lead and Antimony but can't precipitate Gold Sylver or Mercury 32. Wax its spirit an Acid Volatile salt like the Salt of Amber 138. This Distillation and that of Amber prove all the Salt of mixt bodies to be naturally Acid and Alkali's to be nothing but mutations made by fire 139. Wine that which is clear and freed from Lees and Tartar will sowre and turn into a weak Vinegar but this by reason of a Tartar contained in its Principles 106. and the Air thought to communicate some Acidity to Wine 107. The Authors way of drawing its Spirit vindicated 103 104. FINIS
of sea salt but only they are keener Add 10 pag. 179. Remarks on Salt of Sulphur Some have presumed to write that when spirit of sulphur is poured upon Sal Polychrestum dissolved in Water there rises an Effervescency as great as when the same Acid spirit is cast upon salt-peter but doubtless they took but little care in what they maintained for there happens no manner of Effervescency neither with Sal polychrestum nor with salt-peter for both of them are Acid salts Nor do I see any reason to believe that if the mixture of salt-peter and spirit of Sulphur is drawn in a Retort the spirit of Niter will come forth and leave the spirit of Sulphur in union with the fixt part of salt-peter for although red vapours are seen to come forth of the Retort this does not prove that they are purely Nitrous those of the spirit of Sulphur are mixt with them but they are hid in the redness like Water in Wine Add to pag. 182. after Spirit of Niter Spirit of Niter Dulcified Put into a large Boulthead eight ounces of good spirit of Niter and so much spirit of Wine well dephlegmated set your Boulthead in the Chimney upon a Round of Straw the liquor will grow hot without coming near the fire and half an hour or an hour afterwards it will boil very much have a care of the red vapours that come out a-pace at the neck of the Boulthead and when the Ebullition is over you 'l find your liquor clear at bottom and to have lost half what it was pour it into a Viol and keep it this is the sweet spirit of Niter It is good for the Wind Cholick and the Nephritick for Hysterical distempers and for all Obstractions its Dose is from four to eight drops in Broth or some other convenient liquor Remarks You must leave the Boulthead open for the Vapours would either carry away the Stopple if there were one or else they would break the vessel the Boulthead is so hot during the Ebullition that one can't endure ones hand upon 't The Heat and Ebullition begin sooner or later according as the Spirits that are used have been more or less dephlegmated This Effect is very strange for spirit of Niter being a strong Acid and Spirit of Wine a sulphur it can't be said that there 's here any alkali to cause the Ebullition with Acid according to the common maxime And this Operation shews us that every thing can't be explicated by the sole Principles of Acid and alkali as some do pretend This Operation has much resemblance with that which happens when Oyl of Turpentine is put into a bottle with Oyl of Vitriol for the mixture of these liquors does heat and boil much alike I shall say something of this last mixture hereafter There is this difference notwithstanding that spirit of Niter being more Volatile than Oyl of Vitriol causes a greater Effervescency In order therefore to explicate this Ebullition two things must be considered First that spirit of Niter contains a great many fiery parts lock't up in its Acidity but which still retain some motion for 't is they that make spirit of Niter to Fume as it does The second is that spirit of Niter is more Inflammable than salt-peter when mixed with any sulphureous body and the reason thereof is that it is more rarified than salt-peter Thus when this Acid spirit is mixt with spirit of Wine which is a sulphur very much exalted and very susceptible of motion the Volatile part of the spirit of Niter joyns its self to this sulphur and the mixture becomes ready to take flame likewise after this mixture the fiery bodies that were in Spirit of Niter do by striving to mount upwards put the liquor into so great a motion that it e'en almost flames and would without all question quite flame if there were not some Phlegm always mixed with these spirits let 'em be drawn never so pure which serves to allay the activity of the fiery particles so that there must needs follow a very great Ebullition This Effervescency therefore proceeds from this that spirit of wine and spirit of Niter which are as it were a salt-peter and highly exalted sulphur have been almost kindled into a flame by the fiery bodies that were in spirit of Niter and that which further proves this conception is a noise or kind of Detonation during the Effervescency which is much like that which happens when sulphur and salt-peter are burnt together The great diminution of the liquor proceeds from the Evaporation of the more Volatile parts of the Spirits of wine and Niter through the neck of the Boulthead during the Ebullition That which remains is a well sweetned spirit of Niter for not only its points are soundly blunted in the Ebullition but the spirit of wine being a sulphur unites and imbodies with those that remain so that they have no longer any Corrosive quality Add to pag. 182. Remarks upon Aqua Fortis The mixture of Vitriol and salt-peter has quickly some smell of Aqua fortis because Vitriol contains a great deal of sulphur which easily insinuates into the Volatile part of salt-peter and exalts some little of it which causes the smell it is this sulphur in Vitriol which by volatilizing the Red spirit of Niter makes it come forth faster and with a less fire than when salt-peter is distilled with Clay Add to pag. 184. Remarks upon the Fixation of Salt-peter into an Alkali Salt The Crucible must be but half full of salt-peter because the Detonation is so great that the matter would be driven out of the Crucible if too much be put in When the Crucible is not very strong it breaks in pieces about the middle of the Operation and some part of the matter is lost by it This Detonation is more violent than that which is made with a mixture of salt-peter and common sulphur because the sulphur of Coals is more Rarified than common sulphur Niter will never be able to flame when set over the fire alone in a Crucible though you make your fire never so strong and coals though loaded with fuliginous or Oyly parts do send forth but only a small blew flame but when these two bodies come to be mixt together the Volatile parts of Niter joyning with the Coals which are Oyly do rarify and exalt the Coals with such a violence that they produce a very great flame Now this Operation confirms my Opinion that salt-peter does only serve here to Rarifie the flame of sulphur but cannot send forth the least flame of its self seeing that as soon as ever the coals you put into the Crucible are burnt the flame goes out and appears no more until you throw in more Coals with which a convenient proportion of the Volatile parts of salt-peter that still remained does joyn and Rarifie them into a flame Thus new Coals are successively thrown into the Crucible until it flames no longer but toward the
end of the Operation because there remain but few Volatile parts of Niter the Detonation is much the less and so is the flame until at last the Coals finding nothing more in salt-peter for it to raise do burn only just as they use to do all alone If you make use of common salt-peter for this Operation you 'l have occasion to use but three ounces and a half of Coals and you 'l get twelve ounces of Purified salt but if you use fine salt-peter you must spend seven ounces of Coals and will get but three ounces of purified salt This difference of weight proceeds from the fine salt-peters containing more Volatile parts than the other likewise a great deal more Coals is required to raise them and there remains the less fixt salt for the same reason The fixt Niter being prepared as I have shewed it is a little grey colour'd now to make it white you must Calcine it in a great fire stirring it in the Crucible all the while with a spatule when it shall have continued Red hot for above an hour it will become exceeding white You must then dissolve it in water filter the dissolution and evaporate the water and thus you have a very pure and white salt This salt is an Alkali being a mixture of the salt of Coals which is an Alkali and fixt salt-peter these two salts are so strictly united and mixed together in the Calcination that they make a Porous salt and such as is much like unto the fixt salt of Plants Not that there is an Alkali salt in salt-peter as Chymists will have it for give what Calcination or other Preparation you please to this Mineral salt without adding any thing to it not the least Alkali can be drawn from it and all that ever we can see in it is Acid. It is further Observable that the liquor of fixt Niter which has been made with common salt-peter being kept a year or a year and a half loses most of its activity as an Alkali so that it is no longer able to cause any such Ebullition with Acids as it could before it was so stale This accident can have no other cause than that the Pores of salt contained in the liquor do close up by little and little and the Acid salt of Niter does absorbe and destroy the Alkali which kept the Pores open But the same thing does not happen where the liquor of fixt Niter was made with Purified salt-peter because whereas a great deal of Coals was used in the fixing it and but little salt of Niter remained in it the Alkali must there predominate so powerfully that the Acid is not able to regain its strength This Experiment seems plainly to demonstrate that fixt Niter is only an Acid salt rendred Porous by the Alkali of Coals Some Chymists have thought fit to call the liquor of fixt Niter Alkahest that is an Vniversal dissolvent thinking it is capable to draw out the sulphureous substance of all mixt bodies Add to pag. 185. Chap. 16. Of Sal Armoniack The Artificial sal Armoniack is made at Venice and divers other places with five parts of Vrine one part of sea-salt and half a part of Chimney soot these three are boiled together and reduced into a Mass which being put into subliming Pots over a gradual fire it sublimes into a salt in the form we commonly see sal Armoniack Now in this sublimation the Volatile Alkali salts of Soot and Vrine do carry up as much sea-salt as they are able and do joyn so strictly together with this Acid salt that the mixture seems to be fixt The reason of this close union is that sea-salt being in form of points does insinuate into the Alkali salts and because it has not motion enough to separate the parts of these salts it gets within 'em and fills their Pores Add to pag. 190. the end of the Remarks upon Aqua Regalis It is Objected that if there is any heavy matter as it were intercepted between the Pores of Gold it must needs Precipitate of its self after the action of Aqua Regalis upon this metal which is a thing that does not happen I Answer that if the parts of Gold are heavy the Dissolvent is a gross body and very well proportioned to hold up those heavy parts and hinder them from Precipitating Others have opposed this Explication and have writ that if Aqua Regalis dissolves Gold and can't dissolve Sylver the reason of it is that the gross points of spirit of Niter or Aqua fortis are subtilized by the mixture of sal Armoniack and are rendred fit to enter into the small pores of Gold whereas the delicate Fabrick of these same points does not leave the necessary force nor motion to divide the parts of Sylver whose pores are a great deal bigger But this way of arguing does not agree with Experience for what likelihood is there that the points of spirit of Niter are so subtilized by the penetration and division of the parts of sal Armoniack or where shall we find any Example that after a considerable Effervescency of two salts met together in conflict the Acidity grows sharper than it was before this is a thing that can never be proved On the contrary every body knows well enough that no Effervescency happens but the acid is partly blunted or broken thereby Moreover the Argument supposes that spirit of Niter does break its subtilest points in violently contending with the sal Armoniack whereas in sal armoniack there are Alkali salts whose property it is to destroy acids I could further add here that the conjunction of salt with spirit of Niter should of necessity render its points more gross than they were and that the Crystals which are drawn by the use of aqua Regalis have their shape not so sharp as those that are drawn by aqua Fortis But that which I have said is so probable in its self and so easie to be convinced of if one takes never so little pains to consider it that I should but amuse the Reader to little purpose if I should offer to give any more proofs of it Neither do I find it convenient to make a long discourse in Explicating how Sylver which has lesser Pores is more susceptible of the impressions of Air and Fire than Gold which has larger seeing I have already supposed that the matter intercepted between the Pores of Gold is more compact and consequently more hard to separate than that of Sylver Add to pag. 194. Remarks upon another Preparation of the Volatile Spirit of Sal Armoniack together with its Flowers and Fixt Salt against Feavers You see by this Operation that eight ounces of Sal armoniack do contain at least four ounces and a half of Volatile salt The Volatile Spirit of Sal armoniack is only a dissolution of Volatile salt in water and if there is not Phlegm sufficient to dissolve all the Volatile salt there remains some part of it
there will remain at bottom eleven ounces six drachms of a white salt keep it in a Viol 't is both a good Aperitive and Laxative it is good for Cachexies Dropsies and all Diseases that proceed from Obstructions the Dose is from ten grains to two scruples in Broth or some proper liquor Remarks This Operation is nothing but a Dissolution that the Salt of Tartar has made of Cream of Tartar so that it can dissolve in cold water which it could not do being alone the Cream of Tartar also being an Acid insinuates into the Pores of the Alkali salt and sweetens it If you Boil Cream of Tartar in water and put into it some salt of Tartar there will happen an Effervescency between 'em but if you mix these two Ingredients together in cold water there will be no Effervescency the reason of which is that the Acid Spirits of Cream of Tartar being involved in other Principles can have no active power to penetrate the Alkali unless they be actuated by fire I use to filter the Dissolution in order to separate some terrestrious part of the Cream of Tartar which could not dissolve this salt comes near to Tartar vitriolated for virtues some do call it Vegetable salt Chalybeated or Martial Crystals of Tartar Powder and mix a pound of good white Tartar and three ounces of Rust of Iron boil this mixture in an Iron Kettle with five or six quarts of water for half an hour or so much time as is requisite to dissolve the Tartar pass the liquor hot through a warm cloth then let it alone to settle in an Iron or Earthen Pot ten or twelve hours it will shoot into brown Crystals at the sides and bottom of the Pot pour off the liquor by Inclination and gather the Crystals then evaporate over the fire about half the liquor in the same Pot then let the remainder settle and take out the Crystals as before continue these Evaporations and Crystallizations until you have drawn out all your Tartar dry the Crystals in the Sun and so keep them It is a good remedy for Obstructions of the Liver Mesentery Spleen it is given in Cachexies and for Melancholy and the Quartan Ague the Dose is from fifteen grains to two Scruples in Broth or some other liquor proper to the Distemper Remarks This Preparation is boil'd but little that the Tartar may dissolve only the more Saline part of Iron the liquor is made to pass through a cloth to free it from the Impurities of the Tartar and Iron that could not dissolve but you must pass it very hot for if it were a little cool the Tartar would Coagulate in the Cloth and so none of the liquor would pass Instead of Crystallizing the dissolved Tartar you may evaporate all the liquor and so obtain a brown powder which has the same virtues as the Crystals When you would exhibite this Chalybeated Crystal of Tartar you must make it just boil in the liquor you give it in for otherwise it will not dissolve and you must be sure to give it as hot as they can take it for fear it should Crystallize at the bottom of the Poringer or Cup. Soluble Tartar Chalybeated Put into an Earthen Pan or Glass vessel four ounces of soluble Tartar and sixteen ounces of Tincture of Mars prepared according to the description that I have given set the vessel in sand and with a small fire evaporate the humidity of the liquor until there remains a black powder shut it in a viol well stopt and keep it you 'l have eight ounces of it This Martial Tartar has the same virtues as the Tincture of Tartar it is good to remove all Obstructions wherefore 't is very properly used in Cachexies Dropsies retention of the Menstrua in Nephritick Colicks and difficulties of Vrine the Dose is from ten grains to half a drachm in some proper liquor or else made into Lozenges Remarks This Preparation of Chalybeate or Martial Tartar is not only more convenient for use than the former in that it dissolves or mixes in a cold liquor but has much more virtue in it for the Tincture of Mars contains only the more salt part of Tartar Add to pag. 265. Remarks on Soluble Emetick Tartar Volatile Spirit of Sal Armoniack may be used instead of that of Vrine but then there will appear no sensible Ebullition the reason of which is because the salt of this Spirit is not so open as the Spirit of Vrine by reason of some impression it has of the Acid sal Armoniack with which it was mixt insomuch that the Crystals of Tartar whose Acid is not separated from the Earth has points too gross and too unactive to insinuate into the Pores of this salt and divide its parts so easily as those of the salt that 's contained in Spirit of Vrine whose Pores are bigger Another sort of Soluble Emetick Tartar may be made by boiling in Water an ounce of the Glass of Antimony in Powder with four ounces of Soluble Tartar for seven or eight hours then upon Filtring and evaporating the liquor there will remain a grey Powder of the same virtues as the other and to be given in the same Dose Add to pag. 268. Remarks upon the Fixt Salt of Tartar and its Oyl I commonly use to draw this way four ounces of very white and well Purified salt of Tartar from each pound of Red Tartar a little more may be drawn from white Tartar but it is no better than the other I have observed that when water is thrown upon the Mass of Tartar newly Calcined it heats much like unslack't Lime when wetted the reason of which is the same that I have given to explicate the Ebullition of Quick-lime in water all the difference is this that Tartar Calcined containing a great deal of Salt does more easily imbibe water than Quick-lime Some do Calcine salt of Tartar with a little sulphur to hinder it from dissolving so easily by the Air and to whiten it the more but this is no good practice because the Acid Spirit of sulphur destroyes some part of the Alkali and this does come to happen by reason that the Pores of this Salt by being thus Calcined are not so open as they were and the Air therefore cannot so easily melt it If you would desire to make Salt of Tartar and other Alkali fixt salts very white indeed you must Calcine them all alone in a great fire until they become white and then Purifie them by Dissolation Filtration and Coagulation As for their proneness to dissolve this accident is Natural to Alkali salts and it cannot be taken from them but by destroying their nature Nor can I approve the addition of some quantity of Niter to the Calcination of Tartar as some will do because the Volatile parts of Niter being exalted the fixt do remain and by their Acidity do diminish the virtue of Salt of Tartar Alkali salts are Aperitive in that they dissolve those