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the_o thief_n which_o lie_v lurk_v in_o the_o city_n make_v such_o a_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n as_o none_o know_v who_o to_o oppose_v in_o which_o respect_n they_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n so_o as_o licâ—ngzus_n in_o this_o babylonian_a confusion_n march_v victorious_a through_o the_o city_n till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o very_a emperor_n palace_n where_o though_o he_o find_v some_o resistance_n from_o the_o faithful_a eunuch_n yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o present_o enter_v that_o famous_a and_o renown_a palace_n and_o that_o which_o exceed_v all_o admiration_n the_o enemy_n have_v pass_v the_o first_o wall_n and_o precinct_n and_o yet_o the_o empâ—rour_n know_v nothing_o of_o so_o strange_a a_o passage_n for_o the_o traitorous_a eunuch_n which_o be_v of_o most_o authority_n fear_v he_o may_v escape_v by_o flight_n defer_v to_o admonish_v he_o
present_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o king_n man_n who_o they_o butcher_v in_o a_o most_o cruel_a manner_n but_o yet_o the_o water_n destroy_v more_o than_o their_o sword_n or_o arrow_n for_o many_o cast_v themselves_o headlong_o into_o the_o great_a river_n of_o cianthang_n which_o be_v a_o league_n broad_a and_o run_v near_o the_o city_n other_o leap_v and_o overcharge_v the_o boat_n in_o the_o river_n be_v present_o sink_v drown_v other_o fly_v away_o full_a of_o fear_n and_o confusion_n thrust_v one_o another_o at_o the_o river_n side_n into_o that_o unmerciful_a element_n and_o by_o all_o these_o many_o thousand_o perish_v the_o tartar_n want_v boat_n to_o pass_v this_o river_n take_v have_v thus_o expel_v or_o kill_v the_o soldiery_n they_o return_v triumphant_a to_o the_o city_n where_o they_o use_v neither_o force_n nor_o violence_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o noble_a city_n be_v conserve_v who_o beauty_n greatness_n and_o riches_n i_o hope_v to_o describe_v elsewhere_o not_o by_o hear-say_n but_o by_o what_o i_o see_v in_o the_o three_o year_n space_n i_o live_v in_o it_o from_o which_o i_o late_o come_v into_o europe_n this_o city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la have_v a_o artificial_a channel_n or_o dike_n to_o pass_v by_o water_n to_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n this_o channel_n be_v only_o separate_v by_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o way_n like_o a_o causeway_n from_o the_o river_n which_o as_o i_o say_v run_v on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o city_n the_o tartar_n therefore_o draw_v many_o boat_n out_o of_o this_o channel_n over_o the_o causeway_n into_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o boat_n they_o pass_v the_o river_n without_o resistance_n and_o find_v the_o fair_a city_n in_o all_o china_n call_v xaok_v prone_a enough_o to_o submit_v to_o their_o victorious_a arm_n this_o city_n in_o bigness_n yield_v to_o many_o other_o but_o in_o cleanness_n and_o comeliness_n it_o surpass_v all_o it_o be_v so_o environ_v with_o sweet_a water_n as_o a_o man_n may_v contemplate_v its_o beauty_n by_o round_v it_o in_o a_o boat_n it_o have_v large_a and_o fair_a street_n pave_v on_o both_o side_n with_o white_a square_a stone_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o all_o run_v a_o navigable_a channel_n who_o side_n be_v garnish_v with_o the_o like_a ornament_n and_o of_o the_o same_o stone_n there_o be_v also_o build_v many_o fair_n bridge_n and_o triumphant_a arch_n the_o house_n also_o which_o i_o observe_v not_o where_o else_o in_o china_n be_v build_v of_o the_o same_o square_a stone_n so_o as_o in_o a_o word_n i_o see_v nothing_o neat_a in_o all_o china_n they_o take_v this_o town_n without_o any_o resistance_n and_o so_o they_o may_v have_v do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o southern_a town_n of_o this_o povince_n of_o chekiang_n but_o when_o they_o command_v all_o by_o proclamation_n to_o cut_v off_o their_o hair_n hair_n than_o both_o soldier_n and_o citizen_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o fight_v more_o desperate_o for_o their_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n than_o they_o do_v for_o king_n or_o kingdom_n and_o beat_v the_o tartar_n not_o only_o out_o of_o their_o city_n but_o repulse_v they_o to_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi nay_o force_v they_o to_o pass_v the_o river_n kill_v very_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n have_v they_o pass_v the_o river_n they_o may_v have_v recover_v the_o metropolis_n with_o the_o other_o town_n but_o they_o pursue_v their_o victory_n no_o further_o be_v sufficient_o content_v that_o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o hair_n resist_v they_o only_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o there_o fortify_v themselves_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o conquer_a arm_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v repress_v for_o a_o whole_a year_n but_o the_o chinois_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o head_n choose_v lu._n regulus_n of_o the_o taimingian_n family_n for_o their_o emperor_n who_o will_v not_o accept_v thereof_o but_o will_v be_v only_o style_v the_o restorer_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tartar_n have_v send_v for_o new_a force_n out_o of_o peking_n with_o which_o they_o leave_v never_o a_o stone_n unturned_a that_o they_o may_v get_v over_o the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi but_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a the_o droop_a affair_n therefore_o of_o the_o chinois_n now_o breathe_v again_o nay_o have_v gather_v together_o more_o force_n they_o promise_v themselves_o great_a victory_n but_o the_o ambition_n and_o emulation_n of_o rull_v frustrate_v all_o their_o hope_n for_o the_o commander_n and_o precedent_n which_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o chekian_n into_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n carry_v with_o they_o one_o of_o taiminga_n family_n call_v thangus_fw-la and_o this_o man_n they_o choose_v king_n in_o the_o country_n of_o fokien_n which_o confine_n with_o chekiang_n this_o prince_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n call_v lu._n shall_v yield_v up_o his_o right_n to_o he_o both_o because_o he_o have_v but_o a_o few_o city_n under_o he_o and_o also_o because_o he_o be_v further_o remove_v from_o the_o imperial_a race_n than_o he_o be_v but_o king_n lu._n pretend_v he_o be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o army_n before_o he_o and_o fail_v not_o to_o set_v forth_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o tartar_n by_o which_o two_o contention_n the_o tartar_n keep_v the_o crown_n for_o these_o two_o royalet_n will_v never_o yield_v to_o one_o another_o nor_o so_o unite_v their_o army_n as_o joint_o to_o repress_v the_o tartar_n since_o therefore_o this_o petty_a king_n lu._n have_v only_o eight_o city_n under_o his_o command_n who_o contribution_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o necessary_a pay_n of_o his_o army_n he_o never_o dare_v venture_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n but_o endeavour_v only_o to_o defend_v himself_o but_o the_o tartar_n seek_v all_o mean_n possible_o to_o get_v over_o this_o river_n yet_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o pass_v in_o boat_n because_o king_n lu._n have_v many_o ship_n and_o good_a store_n of_o artillery_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o sea_n but_o the_o tartar_n felicity_n and_o prosperous_a fortune_n overcome_v this_o difficulty_n for_o as_o it_o happen_v that_o year_n be_v dry_a than_o ordinary_a this_o river_n towards_o the_o south_n where_o it_o run_v betwixt_o high_a mountain_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o depth_n xaâ—king_v and_o here_o the_o tartar_n horse_n find_v it_o passable_a and_o because_o the_o rudeness_n of_o those_o mountain_n seem_v a_o sufficient_a guard_n to_o the_o country_n they_o find_v no_o soldier_n to_o resist_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clown_n espy_v twenty_o of_o their_o horse_n to_o have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o present_o advertise_v the_o army_n and_o they_o all_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n king_n lu._n himself_o leave_v the_o city_n xaok_v and_o not_o dare_v to_o trust_v himself_o to_o the_o continent_n he_o take_v ship_n and_o fail_v to_o the_o island_n call_v cheuxan_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o city_n of_o nimpus_fw-la where_o he_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n safe_a and_o keep_v still_o his_o regal_a dignity_n kingdom_n which_o island_n be_v heretofore_o only_o a_o retreit_n for_o fisheman_n and_o some_o clown_n now_o be_v become_v a_o potent_a kingdom_n by_o reason_n that_o many_o fly_n from_o china_n to_o this_o king_n lu._n as_o to_o their_o sanctuary_n to_o conserve_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o hair_n in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v now_o find_v three_o score_n and_o ten_o city_n with_o a_o strong_a and_o formidable_a army_n which_o hitherto_o have_v contemn_v all_o the_o tartarian_a power_n and_o force_n and_o watch_v for_o some_o happy_a occasion_n to_o advance_v again_o their_o kingdom_n in_o china_n but_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o tartar_n take_v all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o the_o county_n of_o chekiang_n into_o their_o dominion_n one_o only_a city_n of_o kinhoa_n who_o precedent_n be_v aswell_o a_o native_a of_o the_o place_n as_o also_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a and_o my_o very_a singular_a friend_n sustain_v the_o tartar_n assault_n for_o some_o month_n but_o to_o the_o end_n the_o resistance_n of_o this_o city_n shall_v not_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o course_n of_o their_o victory_n the_o tartar_n divide_v their_o army_n into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o part_n march_v by_o the_o city_n kiucheu_o and_o the_o mountain_n the_o second_o by_o the_o city_n vencheu_o and_o the_o sea_n shore_n destroy_v into_o the_o province_n of_o fâ—kien_n and_o the_o three_o obstinate_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o kinhoa_n at_o which_o time_n i_o by_o leave_n from_o the_o emperor_n longuvus_fw-la reside_v in_o henxus_fw-la a_o city_n subject_a to_o that_o of_o venchen_n which_o present_o after_o be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o
name_n although_o learned_a man_n do_v derive_v it_o from_o rate_n a_o ancient_a part_n of_o that_o country_n now_o this_o people_n run_v over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n like_o swarm_n of_o bee_n do_v fill_v it_o with_o several_a trade_n whereunto_o they_o apply_v themselves_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n they_o lead_v a_o miserable_a life_n and_o be_v therefore_o so_o penurious_a niggardly_a and_o dry_a in_o their_o present_n that_o they_o pass_v in_o ridiculous_a proverb_n through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o sturgeon_n which_o it_o have_v of_o very_o great_a bigness_n and_o more_o for_o the_o porcelain_n dish_n indeed_o the_o only_a work_n in_o the_o world_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v make_v only_o in_o one_o of_o its_o town_n so_o that_o all_o that_o be_v use_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v bring_v from_o this_o place_n although_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v come_v from_o another_o place_n but_o there_o only_o be_v the_o water_n wherewith_o precise_o they_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v to_o come_v to_o their_o perfection_n for_o if_o they_o be_v wrought_v with_o other_o water_n the_o work_n will_v not_o have_v so_o much_o gloss_n and_o lustre_n in_o this_o work_n there_o be_v not_o those_o mystery_n that_o be_v report_v of_o it_o here_o neither_o in_o the_o matter_n the_o form_n nor_o the_o manner_n of_o work_v they_o be_v make_v absolute_o of_o earth_n but_o of_o a_o neat_a and_o excellent_a quality_n they_o be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o time_n and_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o earthen_a vessel_n only_o they_o make_v they_o with_o more_o diligence_n and_o accurateness_n the_o blue_n wherewith_o they_o paint_v the_o porcelain_n be_v anill_n whereof_o they_o have_v abundance_n some_o do_v paint_v they_o with_o vermilion_n and_o for_o the_o king_n with_o yellow_a this_o province_n and_o that_o of_o chincheo_n and_o cantone_n which_o border_n one_o upon_o another_o do_v unite_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o angle_n with_o many_o mountain_n between_o they_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o mountain_n there_o be_v a_o small_a kingdom_n which_o have_v a_o particular_a king_n of_o its_o own_o without_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o chiness_n from_o who_o he_o do_v defend_v himself_o if_o they_o pretend_v to_o assault_v he_o nor_o be_v the_o defence_n difficult_a there_o be_v but_o one_o entrance_n into_o that_o kingdom_n they_o admit_v of_o the_o chinesse-physitian_n in_o their_o infirmity_n but_o not_o of_o their_o learned_a man_n into_o the_o administration_n of_o their_o government_n if_o they_o have_v a_o ill_a harvest_n and_o that_o there_o be_v like_a to_o be_v a_o scarcity_n they_o go_v out_o and_o rob_v in_o a_o military_a order_n to_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o drum_n so_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o they_o give_v no_o small_a trouble_n to_o this_o province_n of_o kiamsi_n the_o last_o account_n shall_v be_v concern_v the_o christianity_n there_o which_o have_v prosper_v very_o well_o be_v also_o benefice_v with_o two_o church_n and_o house_n which_o we_o have_v in_o that_o province_n the_o one_o in_o the_o city_n of_o nauchan_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n the_o other_o in_o the_o city_n of_o nauhium_fw-la the_o sixth_o province_n be_v call_v suchuen_n in_o the_o same_o parallel_n with_o that_o of_o kiamsi_n and_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n of_o 29_o degree_n nor_o have_v it_o any_o thing_n in_o particular_a differ_v from_o the_o former_a worthy_a the_o relation_n the_o province_n of_o huquam_fw-la be_v the_o seven_o in_o situation_n it_o lie_v more_o to_o the_o north_n in_o the_o height_n of_o 31_o degree_n it_o exceed_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o abundance_n of_o rice_n the_o chiness_n say_v that_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v able_a to_o give_v but_o a_o breakfast_n in_o respect_n of_o huquam_fw-la which_o provide_v for_o the_o whole_a year_n it_o have_v store_n of_o oil_n and_o no_o less_o fish_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n which_o it_o enjoy_v and_o the_o lake_n which_o seem_v rather_o sea_n in_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n there_o be_v a_o residency_n begin_v at_o the_o time_n of_o my_o arrival_n the_o province_n of_o cakiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o eight_o lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 30_o degree_n it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n situate_v by_o the_o seaside_n fertile_a plain_a and_o almost_o all_o divide_v by_o several_a river_n some_o whereof_o run_v through_o their_o city_n and_o town_n in_o riches_n it_o exceed_v many_o of_o the_o province_n as_o be_v the_o fountain_n from_o whence_o the_o best_a commodity_n of_o that_o monarchy_n do_v flow_v it_o be_v singular_a in_o silk_n which_o it_o distribute_v through_o every_o part_n whether_o it_o be_v raw_a or_o wrought_v in_o ball_n or_o in_o stuffe_n all_o that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n any_o way_n come_v from_o this_o province_n though_o all_o china_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o silkworm_n yet_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v not_o serve_v they_o to_o make_v they_o scarf_n the_o name_n of_o the_o metropolis_n be_v hamcheu_fw-la here_o we_o have_v two_o house_n which_o upon_o certain_a good_a consideration_n be_v reduce_v to_o one_o where_o there_o be_v cultivate_v a_o copious_a and_o good_a christianity_n and_o also_o much_o honour_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o number_n of_o people_n of_o quality_n that_o be_v in_o it_o final_o this_o province_n be_v famous_a for_o many_o thing_n but_o particular_o for_o three_o the_o first_o be_v a_o lake_n call_v sihu_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o rare_a in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v in_o circuit_n thirty_o lis_n which_o be_v six_o mile_n it_o be_v set_v about_o with_o excellent_a palace_n and_o these_o environ_v by_o pleasant_a mountain_n clothe_v with_o grass_n plant_n and_o tree_n the_o water_n be_v always_o run_v for_o there_o come_v in_o a_o current_n at_o one_o and_o side_n issue_v out_o at_o the_o other_o it_o be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o invit_v one_o to_o behold_v it_o with_o great_a delight_n the_o small_a sand_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v there_o be_v certain_a way_n pave_v with_o stone_n that_o do_v cross_a over_o it_o offer_v passage_n to_o those_o that_o travel_n over_o it_o either_o upon_o their_o occasion_n or_o curiosity_n there_o stand_v ready_a small_a bark_n of_o a_o considerable_a burden_n which_o be_v make_v for_o recreation_n and_o banquet_n the_o kitchen_n be_v in_o the_o steerage_n or_o the_o forecastle_n and_o the_o middle_a space_n serve_v for_o a_o hall_n above_o high_a there_o be_v a_o place_n for_o the_o woman_n cover_v with_o lattice_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v see_v these_o bark_n be_v paint_v and_o guild_v after_o a_o curious_a and_o various_a manner_n and_o be_v provide_v in_o great_a abundance_n with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o navigation_n which_o be_v short_a and_o free_a from_o wrack_n of_o water_n but_o not_o so_o well_o from_o those_o of_o wine_n there_o happen_v many_o as_o also_o shipwrack_n of_o estate_n very_o often_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n that_o do_v not_o come_v to_o spend_v in_o these_o delight_n either_o part_n or_o the_o whole_a and_o sometime_o more_o than_o his_o whole_a stock_n be_v worth_a the_o second_o be_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o silk_n as_o well_o for_o the_o plenty_n abovesaid_a as_o for_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o art_n with_o which_o a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o be_v wrought_v engrayl_a it_o with_o precious_a and_o beautiful_a work_n of_o gold_n this_o be_v only_o after_o their_o manner_n and_o gusto_n and_o be_v not_o send_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o as_o a_o singular_a work_n be_v reserve_v for_o the_o king_n palace_n who_o every_o year_n buy_v up_o all_o that_o be_v make_v of_o this_o sort_n the_o three_o be_v the_o worship_v of_o their_o idol_n in_o which_o be_v particular_o to_o be_v perceive_v whence_o the_o fabric_n of_o their_o temple_n proceed_v which_o be_v without_o doubt_n very_o famous_a the_o last_o of_o these_o nine_o southerly_a province_n be_v nankim_v situate_v in_o 32_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n it_o send_v abroad_o its_o commodity_n or_o work_n of_o importance_n to_o no_o part_n as_o if_o they_o be_v unworthy_a to_o participate_v of_o its_o perfection_n which_o be_v most_o rare_a in_o all_o sort_n of_o variety_n and_o so_o much_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n that_o every_o one_o to_o sell_v his_o commodity_n the_o better_a pretend_v that_o they_o be_v of_o nankim_n and_o so_o pass_v they_o off_o at_o a_o great_a price_n that_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o west_n be_v the_o most_o
name_n not_o only_o the_o occidental_a but_o the_o oriental_a tâ—rtars_n hitherto_o much_o unknown_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n contain_v the_o province_n sâ—mahania_n tanyu_n niuche_n niulhaâ—_n and_o the_o like_a from_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o kingdom_n of_o cascor_n to_o the_o oriental_a sea_n above_o jaâ—ony_n where_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n from_o quevira_n in_o america_n if_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o straight_a and_o not_o a_o continent_n but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n to_o write_v all_o the_o war_n which_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o but_o only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v happen_v in_o our_o memory_n and_o in_o my_o presence_n all_o the_o rest_n shall_v appear_v at_o large_a in_o my_o abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n and_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v with_o more_o order_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o reflect_v how_o and_o from_o whence_o those_o trouble_n have_v their_o beginning_n it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o ancient_a western_a tartar_n after_o they_o have_v subdue_v almost_o all_o asia_n to_o their_o power_n china_n wage_v war_n against_o china_n of_o which_o paulus_n venetus_n and_o ayton_n make_v mention_n under_o the_o name_n of_o cataye_n and_o maningin_n and_o this_o before_o the_o time_n of_o great_a tamburlaine_n who_o never_o subdue_v china_n as_o some_o have_v false_o write_v for_o he_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n mccccvi_n in_o which_o time_n taichangus_n emperor_n of_o china_n and_o the_o second_o of_o the_o taimingian_n family_n the_o tartar_n be_v before_o beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n govern_v peaceable_o all_o the_o province_n include_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o vast_a wall_n which_o before_o i_o mention_v but_o the_o war_n which_o paulus_n venetus_n touch_v betwixt_o the_o chiness_n and_o tartar_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n mccvi_o as_o their_o history_n and_o chronology_n testify_v which_o last_v 77._o year_n at_o last_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n mcclxxviii_o have_v total_o conquer_v all_o that_o potent_a empire_n extinguish_v the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o sungas_n and_o erect_v a_o new_a regal_a family_n which_o they_o call_v juena_n of_o which_o tartarian_a race_n nine_o emperor_n by_o descent_n govern_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n for_o the_o space_n of_o lxx_o year_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n and_o about_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n china_n come_v paulus_n venetus_n into_o china_n with_o the_o tartar_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o write_n in_o this_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o tartar_n forget_v their_o ancient_a vigour_n of_o mind_n and_o warlike_a spirit_n which_o the_o pleasure_n and_o delices_fw-la of_o that_o country_n have_v quail_v and_o tame_v and_o be_v also_o weaken_v by_o so_o long_a a_o peace_n become_v of_o a_o soft_a temper_n and_o receive_v a_o deep_a tincture_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o native_n of_o china_n whereupon_o a_o contemptible_a person_n who_o be_v servant_n to_o one_o of_o those_o depute_a to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o their_o idol_n call_v chu_n presume_v to_o rebel_v against_o they_o this_o man_n commiserate_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o enslave_v country_n and_o alsotouched_a with_o the_o ambition_n of_o reign_v first_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o thief_n or_o highway_n man_n and_o be_v of_o a_o generous_a nature_n bold_a and_o as_o quick_a of_o hand_n as_o in_o wit_n want_v neither_o courage_n nor_o art_n nor_o companion_n nor_o fortune_n to_o gather_v such_o a_o multitude_n as_o in_o short_a time_n make_v up_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o a_o army_n whereupon_o depose_v the_o person_n of_o a_o thief_n he_o become_v a_o general_n and_o with_o a_o bold_a attempt_n presume_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o tartar_n and_o have_v fight_v many_o battle_n with_o they_o obtain_v many_o singular_a victory_n so_o as_o in_o the_o year_n 1368_o he_o final_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n receive_v for_o so_o memorable_a a_o action_n the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n as_o a_o worthy_a reward_n of_o his_o heroical_a action_n it_o be_v he_o first_o erect_v the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o taxing_n and_o be_v he_o be_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o that_o race_n style_v himself_o by_o the_o name_n of_o hunguus_fw-la which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o famous_a warrior_n after_o such_o a_o illustrious_a action_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o all_o the_o province_n submit_v to_o he_o both_o as_o to_o one_o that_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o country_n and_o also_o because_o they_o look_v on_o he_o as_o a_o man_n who_o have_v redeem_v they_o from_o thraldom_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n of_o china_n to_o love_n and_o esteem_v their_o own_o as_o much_o as_o they_o hate_v and_o vilify_v stranger_n wherefore_o he_o first_o place_v his_o court_n at_o nank_v near_o to_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n which_o the_o chiness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o huge_a mountain_n of_o water_n which_o it_o discharge_v into_o the_o ocean_n call_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v speedy_o order_v and_o establish_v that_o empire_n fear_v no_o insurrection_n from_o these_o new_a redeem_a creature_n he_o be_v not_o content_v to_o have_v chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o china_n but_o he_o make_v a_o irruption_n into_o tartary_n itself_o and_o so_o follow_v the_o point_n of_o his_o victory_n as_o that_o he_o rout_v they_o several_a time_n waste_v all_o their_o territory_n and_o final_o bring_v the_o oriental_a tartar_n to_o such_o strait_n as_o he_o force_v they_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o even_o beg_v a_o ignominious_a peace_n this_o storm_n of_o war_n fall_v chief_o on_o the_o tartar_n of_o the_o province_n of_o niuche_n whither_o the_o tartar_n of_o china_n be_v expel_v be_v retire_v afterward_o those_o tartar_n every_o year_n either_o as_o subject_n or_o friend_n come_v into_o china_n by_o the_o province_n of_o 〈◊〉_d to_o traffic_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o be_v bring_v to_o poverty_n and_o misery_n they_o think_v no_o more_o of_o make_v war_n against_o china_n the_o merchandise_n they_o bring_v be_v several_a as_o the_o root_n call_v ginsâ—m_n so_o much_o esteem_v among_o the_o chinese_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o precious_a skin_n as_o those_o of_o castor_n martais_fw-fr and_o zibellâ—ns_n and_o also_o horsehair_n of_o which_o the_o chineses_n make_v their_o net_n and_o the_o man_n use_v it_o in_o tie_v up_o their_o hair_n as_o the_o handsome_a dress_n they_o can_v appear_v in_o but_o those_o tartar_n multiply_v so_o fast_o as_o they_o grow_v quick_o into_o seven_o government_n which_o they_o call_v horde_n and_o these_o fight_v one_o against_o another_o at_o length_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n mdl_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o kingdom_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o niuche_n thus_o stand_v china_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n but_o to_o the_o western_a tartar_n they_o pay_v tribute_n mask_v under_o the_o title_n of_o present_n that_o they_o may_v desist_v from_o war._n for_o the_o chineses_n esteem_v it_o very_o unhandsome_a to_o make_v war_n against_o any_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v their_o country_n can_v be_v conserve_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n be_v teach_v this_o by_o their_o philosopher_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n tartar_n be_v over_o jealous_a of_o the_o enemy_n to_o their_o ancient_a riches_n they_o never_o leave_v that_o great_a wall_n which_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n without_o a_o million_o of_o soldier_n to_o guard_v it_o therefore_o this_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o the_o taimingian_n family_n china_n enjoy_v a_o constant_a peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o ccl_o year_n and_o whilst_o the_o seven_o tartarian_a lord_n or_o governor_n make_v civil_a war_n that_o renown_a emperor_n of_o china_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o vanley_n be_v the_o thirteen_o emperor_n of_o taiminge_n family_n govern_v happy_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n from_o the_o year_n 1573._o to_o the_o year_n 1620._o with_o as_o much_o prudence_n as_o justice_n and_o equity_n but_o in_o this_o time_n the_o tartar_n of_o niuche_n have_v so_o multiply_v and_o spread_v themselves_o china_n after_o incorporate_v into_o a_o kingdom_n that_o they_o become_v daily_o more_o formidable_a to_o china_n and_o therefore_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o border_a province_n consult_v private_o among_o themselves_o how_o they_o may_v curb_v and_o restrain_v these_o people_n within_o their_o limit_n for_o their_o governor_n have_v so_o much_o power_n and_o authority_n that_o although_o they_o live_v as_o slave_n to_o their_o prince_n yet_o when_o there_o be_v question_n of_o a_o common_a and_o public_a good_a they_o govern_v absolute_o and_o uncontrollable_o unless_o by_o some_o high_a power_n their_o order_n be_v restrain_v
rascally_a vagabond_n and_o loiter_a fellow_n they_o return_v again_o to_o besiege_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n caifung_a but_o despair_v to_o take_v it_o by_o force_n or_o assault_n they_o resolve_v to_o ruin_v it_o by_o a_o long_a siege_n that_o they_o may_v enjoy_v the_o immense_a riches_n of_o that_o noble_a city_n and_o though_o this_o town_n be_v three_o great_a league_n in_o circumference_n yet_o they_o round_v it_o so_o by_o their_o line_n as_o nothing_o can_v enter_v the_o city_n this_o drive_v they_o to_o some_o strait_n for_o although_o the_o purveyor_n for_o victual_n have_v bring_v in_o good_a store_n of_o provision_n in_o the_o two_o month_n space_n in_o which_o they_o be_v absent_a yet_o because_o that_o province_n which_o use_v to_o be_v most_o plentiful_a be_v now_o deficient_a in_o corn_n they_o can_v not_o make_v sufficient_a provision_n for_o six_o month_n siege_n for_o such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n as_o be_v retire_v within_o the_o wall_n yet_o it_o hold_v out_o most_o resolute_o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n in_o which_o time_n though_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o hard_a shift_n yet_o hope_v always_o for_o succour_n from_o their_o emperor_n they_o will_v never_o submit_v to_o any_o condition_n i_o dare_v not_o relate_v to_o what_o a_o excess_n this_o famine_n come_v to_o but_o it_o seem_v it_o surpass_v the_o famine_n of_o jerusalem_n a_o pound_n of_o rice_n be_v worth_a a_o pound_n of_o silver_n famin._n and_o a_o pound_n of_o any_o old_a rot_a skin_n be_v sell_v at_o ten_o crown_n dead_a man_n flesh_n be_v sell_v public_o in_o the_o shambles_n as_o hog_n flesh_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o act_n of_o piety_n to_o expose_v the_o dead_a in_o the_o street_n for_o other_o to_o feed_v on_o who_o short_o be_v to_o be_v food_n for_o other_o but_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o and_o conceal_v yet_o more_o horrible_a thing_n than_o i_o have_v relate_v this_o city_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n side_n of_o that_o vast_a and_o precipitate_a river_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hoang_n because_o the_o stream_n always_o appear_v of_o a_o yellowish_a saffron_n colour_n and_o because_o the_o river_n be_v high_a than_o the_o plain_a level_n down_n of_o a_o league_n distance_n from_o the_o town_n they_o build_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n a_o long_a and_o strong_a bulwark_n of_o great_a square_a stone_n to_o prevent_v all_o inundation_n the_o emperor_n army_n after_o long_a expectation_n come_v to_o relieve_v the_o town_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o these_o bulwark_n and_o have_v consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o enemy_n camp_n it_o be_v think_v the_o fit_a &_o easy_a way_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n without_o give_v battle_n and_o to_o let_v in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o enemy_n army_n by_o some_o breach_n make_v in_o that_o long_a wall_n or_o bulwark_n it_o be_v in_o autumn_n when_o they_o take_v this_o resolution_n and_o the_o river_n by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a rain_n be_v swell_v big_a than_o ever_o before_o and_o they_o make_v the_o sluice_n or_o inlet_n too_o great_a and_o the_o breach_n too_o wide_o give_v way_n to_o such_o a_o ocean_n of_o water_n as_o it_o overrun_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v very_o stately_a and_o high_a involve_v not_o only_a many_o of_o the_o enemy_n in_o its_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n drown_v but_o also_o 300000._o man_n and_o the_o city_n itself_o perish_v in_o those_o flood_n of_o water_n so_o the_o ancient_a city_n which_o heretofore_o have_v be_v honour_v by_o the_o emperor_n residence_n appear_v no_o more_o a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n but_o a_o vast_a pool_n or_o lake_n for_o monster_n of_o the_o water_n to_o inhabit_v for_o the_o house_n of_o the_o town_n be_v not_o overrun_v with_o water_n but_o also_o beat_v down_o and_o also_o the_o church_n of_o the_o christian_n together_o with_o their_o priest_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n who_o when_o he_o can_v timely_o enough_o have_v save_v himself_o choose_v rather_o to_o laydown_o his_o life_n for_o the_o sheep_n for_o that_o city_n have_v many_o christian_n the_o destruction_n of_o this_o city_n happen_v the_o nine_o of_o oct._n 1642._o about_o which_o time_n this_o famous_a conductour_n of_o thief_n take_v the_o name_n of_o king_n king_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o xunvang_n which_o sound_v as_o much_o as_o prosperous_a and_o so_o be_v style_v licungzus_n the_o prosperous_a and_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n take_v all_o the_o country_n of_o honan_n into_o his_o dominion_n he_o return_v into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o win_v it_o whole_o to_o his_o subjection_n when_o he_o come_v to_o sigan_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o xensi_fw-la he_o find_v some_o resistance_n from_o the_o garrison_n but_o yet_o he_o take_v it_o in_o three_o day_n and_o for_o a_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n to_o his_o soldier_n he_o give_v it_o to_o they_o to_o pillage_n also_o for_o three_o day_n space_n and_o then_o he_o gather_v up_o all_o the_o corn_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n as_o well_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o country_n in_o their_o duty_n to_o he_o as_o also_o to_o leave_v no_o provision_n for_o the_o emperor_n army_n and_o now_o think_v himself_o secure_a of_o the_o whole_a empire_n he_o take_v the_o name_n of_o emperor_n upon_o he_o emperor_n and_o style_v the_o family_n wherein_o he_o think_v to_o establish_v this_o dignity_n thienxunam_fw-la as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v obedient_a to_o heaven_n by_o which_o title_n he_o persuade_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o people_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o he_o shall_v reign_v that_o he_o may_v deliver_v the_o people_n from_o the_o emperor_n avarice_n and_o extirpate_v those_o wicked_a governor_n that_o so_o much_o vex_v the_o nation_n &_o deliver_v they_o from_o all_o their_o perfidious_a plot_n for_o he_o know_v well_o that_o this_o glorious_a title_n will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a to_o they_o of_o china_n who_o believe_v that_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n come_v only_o from_o heaven_n and_o be_v not_o gain_v by_o any_o art_n or_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o that_o his_o action_n may_v carry_v a_o face_n correspondent_a to_o his_o illustrious_a title_n he_o begin_v to_o use_v the_o people_n with_o all_o humility_n and_o sweetness_n not_o permit_v any_o soldier_n to_o wrong_v or_o injure_v they_o government_n only_o he_o persecute_v all_o the_o officer_n call_v precedent_n which_o he_o can_v find_v and_o all_o those_o he_o put_v to_o death_n and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o have_v be_v precedent_n because_o he_o find_v they_o rich_a he_o make_v they_o pay_v great_a fine_n and_o let_v they_o live_v remit_v all_o tax_n in_o the_o place_n he_o subdue_v severe_o command_v that_o the_o subject_n shall_v be_v treat_v with_o all_o civility_n and_o courtesy_n so_o as_o all_o man_n applaud_v and_o love_v so_o sweet_a and_o mild_a a_o government_n easy_o submit_v to_o his_o power_n and_o dominion_n but_o where_o the_o governor_n use_v tyranny_n there_o the_o subject_n have_v little_a care_n of_o fidelity_n there_o be_v in_o this_o city_n sigan_n two_o priest_n which_o serve_v the_o christian_n that_o be_v jesuit_n and_o suffer_v much_o in_o the_o saccage_n of_o the_o city_n but_o be_v afterward_o know_v for_o stranger_n they_o be_v use_v with_o all_o humanity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o three_o cause_n of_o this_o empire_n ruin_n grow_v up_o in_o the_o court_n which_o be_v hatch_v in_o the_o emperor_n thienkins_n his_o time_n for_o that_o emperor_n exalt_v a_o eunuch_n call_v â—ueio_n china_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o power_n as_o he_o give_v the_o absolute_a and_o sovereign_a command_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o pass_v so_o far_o as_o always_o to_o style_v he_o by_o the_o name_n of_o father_n this_o extravagant_a power_n cause_v much_o envy_n dissension_n and_o band_v one_o against_o another_o among_o the_o governor_n precedent_n commander_n and_o counsellor_n and_o the_o eunuch_n also_o add_v much_o to_o incense_v the_o flame_n by_o his_o indiscreet_a usage_n of_o the_o favour_n he_o possess_v for_o if_o any_o man_n have_v touch_v he_o either_o in_o word_n or_o writing_n or_o express_v less_o respect_n unto_o he_o in_o conversation_n or_o behaviour_n or_o do_v not_o flatter_v the_o base_a fellow_n he_o will_v present_o give_v order_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n though_o he_o be_v a_o very_a eminent_a person_n or_o at_o least_o degrade_v he_o from_o all_o office_n or_o dignity_n by_o which_o mean_v he_o exasperate_v many_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o offend_v zunchinius_n when_o prince_n who_o now_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n without_o issue_n be_v come_v to_o to_o be_v emperor_n of_o china_n this_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o eunuch_n have_v move_v
fruit_n very_o different_a from_o fig_n in_o colour_n figure_n and_o taste_v the_o colour_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v red_a on_o the_o inside_n like_o gold_n the_o figure_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o orange_n big_a or_o lesser_a for_o there_o be_v as_o much_o diversity_n of_o they_o as_o there_o be_v among_o we_o of_o fig_n the_o rind_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o be_v of_o so_o extraordinary_a good_a taste_n that_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a in_o the_o world_n they_o have_v one_o or_o two_o seed_n which_o be_v like_a unto_o blanch_a almond_n the_o best_a be_v in_o the_o cold_a country_n the_o province_n honan_n xiansi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o xantum_n enjoy_v the_o best_a in_o quality_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n and_o dry_a enough_o of_o they_o to_o serve_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o they_o be_v dry_a they_o be_v better_a than_o our_o dry_a fig_n to_o which_o they_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o resemblance_n the_o province_n of_o 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their_o wine_n of_o grape_n but_o of_o barley_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o rice_n where_o they_o also_o make_v it_o of_o apple_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o rice_n only_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o ordinary_a rice_n but_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o it_o proper_a to_o they_o which_o serve_v only_o to_o make_v this_o liquor_n be_v use_v in_o diverse_a manner_n vinegar_n they_o make_v of_o the_o same_o ingredient_n as_o their_o wine_n and_o in_o the_o western_a province_n of_o millet_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v sharp_a and_o well_o taste_v the_o wine_n use_v by_o the_o common_a people_n although_o it_o will_v make_v they_o drink_v be_v not_o very_o strong_a nor_o last_v it_o be_v make_v at_o all_o time_n of_o they_o ear_n but_o the_o best_a only_a in_o the_o winter_n it_o have_v a_o colour_n very_o please_v to_o the_o sight_n nor_o be_v the_o smell_n less_o please_v to_o the_o send_v or_o the_o savour_n thereof_o to_o the_o taste_n take_v altogether_o it_o be_v a_o veâ—â—ment_n occasion_n that_o there_o never_o want_v drunkard_n but_o without_o any_o mulct_n of_o shame_n for_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o place_v it_o in_o that_o consideration_n winter_n and_o summer_n they_o drink_v it_o warm_v flower_n be_v in_o singular_a esteem_n with_o these_o people_n and_o they_o have_v some_o exceed_a beautiful_a and_o different_a from_o we_o which_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o want_v they_o have_v clove-gilleflowres_a which_o have_v no_o smell_n at_o all_o they_o endeavour_v to_o have_v the_o year_n throughout_o flower_n for_o every_o season_n in_o their_o garden_n in_o which_o they_o be_v very_o curious_a they_o have_v some_o flower_n which_o in_o their_o duration_n exceed_v the_o ordinary_a stile_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v exempt_a from_o their_o common_a tribute_n of_o a_o short_a life_n for_o when_o these_o plant_n have_v no_o moisture_n leave_v for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o their_o leaf_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o cold_a these_o do_v fall_v off_o then_o do_v new_a flower_n sprout_v again_o &_o those_o the_o most_o odoriferous_a during_o the_o great_a inclemency_n of_o the_o frost_n and_o snow_n these_o be_v call_v lamui_n more_o please_a to_o the_o send_v than_o the_o eye_n their_o colour_n be_v not_o unlike_a that_o of_o bees-wax_n they_o have_v other_o flower_n like_o lily_n call_v tiaohoa_n which_o they_o keep_v in_o the_o house_n because_o that_o be_v careful_o take_v up_o with_o their_o root_n entire_a and_o well_o cleanse_v from_o earth_n they_o live_v and_o flourish_v in_o the_o air_n their_o garment_n as_o also_o the_o furniture_n of_o their_o chamber_n and_o house_n they_o make_v of_o wool_n linen_n silk_n and_o cotton_n which_o they_o make_v great_a use_n of_o a_o weave_v thereof_o many_o fair_a and_o curious_a stuff_n the_o riches_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v admirable_a for_o beside_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o fruitful_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o sustenance_n and_o what_o ever_o be_v necessary_a for_o man_n life_n as_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v they_o do_v vend_v unto_o stranger_n the_o best_a and_o rich_a merchandise_n of_o all_o the_o east_n such_o as_o be_v gold-threed_n gold_n in_o the_o leaf_n and_o ingot_n ruby_n saphire_n small_a pearl_n musk_n raw_a silk_n and_o wrought_v silk_n quicksilver_n copper_n tin_n tomnaga_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o mettle_n more_o fine_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o tin_n vermilion_a salt-nitre_a brimstone_n sugar_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o less_o importance_n their_o guild_a work_n for_o householdstuff_n ornament_n and_o jewel_n for_o woman_n both_o for_o necessity_n and_o curiosity_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o world_n nor_o do_v all_o this_o issue_n out_o at_o one_o port_n but_o by_o many_o in_o a_o great_a and_o perpetual_a commerce_n in_o all_o this_o abundant_a riches_n of_o the_o country_n industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n art_n and_o mean_n of_o gain_v their_o live_n to_o a_o 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of_o small_a value_n silver_n of_o base_a alloy_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n and_o so_o base_a that_o in_o some_o province_n of_o one_o sixpence_n they_o make_v eight_o or_o ten_o and_o reap_v much_o benefit_n by_o it_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v buy_v but_o with_o fine_a silver_n and_o so_o the_o poor_a silver_n go_v often_o to_o the_o fire_n to_o be_v otherwise_o qualify_v they_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o the_o mathematics_n but_o to_o speak_v general_o they_o know_v very_o little_a of_o they_o none_o be_v allow_v to_o study_v they_o profess_o except_o those_o who_o apply_v themselves_o to_o this_o study_n by_o the_o king_n special_a order_n and_o these_o be_v only_o two_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o one_o in_o the_o court_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o other_o in_o that_o of_o nankim_n with_o a_o train_n and_o attendance_n of_o mandarines_n and_o the_o title_n of_o the_o king_n mathematician_n these_o teach_v their_o art_n but_o only_o to_o their_o son_n who_o always_o 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in_o both_o court_n there_o be_v a_o very_a high_a place_n or_o tower_n furnish_v with_o several_a mathematical_a instrument_n which_o they_o call_v quon_n siam_n thai_n that_o be_v a_o place_n to_o observe_v the_o star_n in_o of_o that_o in_o nankim_n i_o have_v already_o say_v something_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o that_o city_n in_o pekim_v the_o chief_a instrument_n be_v a_o sphere_n like_o that_o at_o nankim_n with_o all_o his_o circle_n aquator_fw-la zodiack_n tropic_n etc._n etc._n of_o cast_a mettle_n and_o excellent_a workmanship_n another_o instrument_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n that_o be_v of_o 24._o foot_n in_o circumference_n divide_v into_o several_a circle_n some_o fix_v other_o movable_a a_o stile_n or_o gnomon_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o little_a hole_n at_o each_o end_n to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n the_o degree_n and_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v moreover_o a_o celestial_a globe_n of_o brass_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n 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country_n begin_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o china_n and_o advance_v so_o far_o by_o degree_n till_o at_o length_n they_o bring_v it_o all_o under_o their_o subjection_n reign_v there_o as_o absolute_a till_o the_o year_n 1368._o at_o what_o time_n humh_o vu_fw-fr the_o founder_n of_o the_o family_n which_o reign_v at_o present_a see_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o tartar_n to_o be_v diminish_v and_o their_o tyranny_n increase_v and_o the_o people_n so_o weary_v therewith_o that_o they_o be_v well_o dispose_v to_o shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n and_o set_v themselves_o at_o liberty_n gather_v together_o a_o army_n with_o such_o good_a success_n that_o he_o not_o only_o discomfit_v the_o tartar_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o enter_v also_o into_o their_o country_n and_o conquer_v a_o good_a part_n thereof_o the_o kingdom_n be_v thus_o re-establisht_a in_o its_o natural_a estate_n humh_o vu_z seeing_z himself_o become_v absolute_a lord_n thereof_o set_v on_o foot_n a_o admirable_a kind_n of_o government_n differ_v in_o part_n from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o monarchy_n yet_o it_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v now_o be_v conserve_v almost_o 300_o year_n with_o so_o much_o subjection_n communication_n and_o dependence_n from_o its_o head_n that_o so_o great_a a_o empire_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v one_o well_o govern_v convent_n this_o king_n in_o the_o first_o place_n confer_v many_o favour_n and_o grace_n upon_o all_o his_o subject_n liberality_n be_v that_o which_o do_v most_o demonstrate_v a_o royal_a mind_n he_o create_v new_a officer_n yet_o retain_v he_o some_o of_o the_o former_a one_o as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n to_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a captain_n he_o assign_v large_a revenue_n to_o the_o second_o a_o very_a competent_a maintenance_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n sufficient_a he_o take_v away_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o vassal_n and_o subject_n without_o leave_v one_o he_o prohibit_v by_o a_o rigorous_a law_n that_o none_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n neither_o in_o peace_n nor_o war_n nor_o in_o any_o case_n may_v bear_v office_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n either_o civil_a criminal_a or_o military_a neither_o may_v they_o be_v suffer_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o examination_n to_o receive_v their_o degree_n the_o which_o last_o prohibition_n as_o i_o have_v former_o say_v have_v be_v late_o take_v away_o in_o part_n he_o place_v the_o whole_a government_n in_o the_o litterati_fw-la who_o be_v create_v such_o by_o way_n of_o concurrence_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o examination_n without_o any_o dependence_n at_o all_o on_o the_o magistrate_n or_o the_o king_n himself_o but_o only_o by_o the_o merit_n of_o their_o learning_n good_a part_n and_o virtue_n he_o do_v not_o annul_v those_o ancient_a law_n which_o concern_v good_a government_n and_o hinder_v not_o his_o intent_n which_o be_v only_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o monarchy_n in_o his_o posterity_n but_o he_o make_v many_o new_a one_o and_o model_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o government_n into_o that_o form_n wherein_o it_o stand_v at_o present_a although_o in_o so_o many_o year_n and_o in_o so_o vast_a a_o monarchy_n it_o have_v not_o be_v possible_a but_o that_o it_o shall_v receive_v some_o alteration_n though_o not_o in_o any_o essential_a part_n thereof_o the_o king_n be_v call_v by_o diverse_a name_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n whereof_o you_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v thirteen_o thing_n remarkable_a at_o his_o coronation_n the_o first_o be_v the_o change_n of_o the_o account_n of_o year_n begin_v their_o supputation_n a_o new_a from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o new_a king_n reign_n and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o their_o ordinary_a discourse_n but_o in_o all_o letter_n dispatch_n proviso_n writing_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o that_o there_o be_v coin_a new_a money_n with_o the_o letter_n of_o his_o name_n although_o the_o former_a continue_v current_n also_o the_o three_o be_v that_o he_o crow_v his_o true_a wife_n make_v she_o as_o it_o be_v empress_n the_o four_o be_v that_o he_o give_v the_o name_n of_o queen_n to_o six_o concubine_n the_o five_o be_v that_o there_o be_v great_a sacrifice_n make_v to_o heaven_n to_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spirit_n etc._n etc._n the_o sixth_o that_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o alm_n give_v to_o the_o poor_a the_o seven_o that_o all_o prisoner_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n who_o freedom_n be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o a_o three_o party_n the_o eight_o that_o there_o be_v sumptuous_a banquet_n make_v for_o the_o magistrate_n the_o nine_o that_o all_o the_o woman_n be_v to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o palace_n that_o have_v be_v concubine_n to_o the_o former_a king_n the_o ten_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v four_o in_o number_n
brief_a account_n thereof_o sufficient_a at_o least_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o be_v inform_v concern_v those_o part_n forbear_v to_o make_v a_o more_o large_a discourse_n at_o the_o present_a but_o reserve_v it_o for_o another_o time_n which_o may_v be_v when_o we_o shall_v return_v to_o that_o vast_a country_n with_o new_a labourer_n in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o some_o of_o the_o great_a authority_n and_o experience_n among_o we_o may_v find_v leisure_n and_o convenience_n to_o undertake_v a_o perfect_a relation_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n abbreviate_a as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a this_o information_n without_o render_v that_o knowledge_n confuse_v which_o we_o pretend_v to_o gratify_v the_o world_n with_o we_o shall_v divide_v the_o work_n into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o material_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v the_o province_n land_n and_o fruit_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o formal_a part_n too_o that_o be_v the_o people_n their_o learning_n and_o custom_n the_o second_o the_o beginning_n of_o christianity_n there_o the_o progress_n thereof_o the_o persecution_n suffer_v therein_o and_o final_o the_o condition_n wherein_o i_o leave_v it_o at_o my_o departure_n thence_o i_o hope_v this_o work_n shall_v gain_v some_o esteem_n and_o credit_n if_o not_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o appearance_n at_o least_o for_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o it_o have_v take_v what_o i_o write_v from_o the_o infallible_a testimony_n of_o my_o eye_n which_o though_o they_o may_v not_o be_v of_o the_o quick_a sight_v yet_o have_v have_v the_o advantage_n to_o reiterate_v very_o often_o their_o speculation_n and_o if_o he_o which_o view_v for_o a_o long_a time_n although_o his_o sight_n be_v not_o of_o the_o best_a do_v common_o see_v more_o than_o he_o who_o look_v in_o haste_n be_v his_o eye_n never_o so_o good_a i_o who_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n have_v have_v the_o opportunity_n to_o observe_v all_o passage_n of_o china_n have_v certain_o see_v so_o much_o what_o i_o write_v and_o what_o other_o have_v write_v who_o have_v not_o see_v they_o sowell_n that_o i_o must_v necessary_o speak_v of_o they_o with_o more_o certainty_n than_o they_o although_o with_o less_o eloquence_n the_o table_n of_o all_o the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n fol._n 1._o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o province_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o those_o of_o the_o south_n fol._n 8._o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o northern_a province_n fol._n 15._o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o chiness_n of_o their_o nature_n wit_n and_o inclination_n fol._n 22._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o habit_n fol._n 29._o chap._n 6._o of_o their_o language_n and_o letter_n fol_z 31._o chap._n 7._o of_o their_o manner_n of_o study_n and_o admittance_n to_o examination_n fol._n 35._o chap._n 8_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o examination_n and_o how_o their_o degree_n be_v confer_v fol._n 40._o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n fol._n 45._o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o book_n and_o science_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 47._o chap._n 11._o of_o their_o science_n and_o liberal_a art_n in_o particular_a fol._n 51._o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o courtesy_n and_o civility_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 58._o chap._n 13._o of_o their_o banquet_n fol._n 65._o chap._n 14._o of_o the_o game_n which_o the_o chiness_n use_v fol._n 68_o chap._n 15_o of_o their_o marriage_n fol._n 69._o chap._n 16._o of_o the_o funeral_n and_o sepulture_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 73._o chap._n 17._o of_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o queen_n mother_n fol._n 78._o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o several_a sect_n of_o religion_n in_o china_n fol._n 86._o chap._n 19_o of_o their_o superstition_n and_o sacrifice_n in_o china_n fol._n 93._o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o militia_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 96._o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o war_n which_o the_o tartar_n make_v upon_o china_n fol._n 100_o chap._n 22._o of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o china_n and_o of_o the_o eunuch_n fol._n 106._o chap._n 23._o how_o the_o king_n of_o china_n be_v marry_v fol._n 119._o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o china_n fol._n 121._o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o government_n of_o china_n and_o of_o the_o officer_n fol._n 124._o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o thirteen_o province_n fol_z 128._o chap._n 27_o of_o the_o badge_n of_o honour_n or_o ensign_n of_o the_o mandarines_n fol._n 132._o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o prison_n sentence_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o chiness_n fol._n 135._o chap._n 29._o of_o some_o particular_a thing_n which_o do_v facilitate_v and_o rectify_v the_o govenment_n in_o china_n fol._n 144._o chap._n 30._o of_o the_o moor_n jew_n and_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o china_n fol._n 151._o chap._n 31._o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n plant_v many_o age_n since_o in_o china_n and_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stone_n late_o discover_v there_o which_o be_v a_o admirable_a testimony_n thereof_o fol._n 154._o a_o table_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o first_o begin_v of_o the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o china_n fol._n 166._o chap_n 2._o of_o the_o proceed_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o father_n before_o they_o arrive_v at_o nankim_n fol._n 172._o cap._n 3._o of_o what_o happen_v after_o till_o the_o father_n enter_v into_o pekim_n fol._n 177._o chap._n 4._o the_o father_n enter_v into_o pekim_n and_o settle_v there_o fol._n 183._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o proceed_n and_o ruin_n of_o their_o house_n at_o xaocheu_o fol._n 187._o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o two_o residency_n at_o nancham_n and_o nankim_n and_o of_o the_o death_n of_o father_n matthaeus_n riccius_fw-la fol._n 192._o chap._n 7._o of_o the_o bury_a place_n which_o be_v bestow_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o king_n and_o of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n until_o the_o time_n of_o the_o persecution_n at_o nankim_n fol._n 197._o chap._n 8._o a_o fierce_a persecution_n be_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_n in_o nankim_n fol._n 205._o chap._n 9_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o persecution_n and_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o father_n out_o of_o china_n fol._n 214._o chap._n 10._o how_o thing_n begin_v to_o be_v calm_v again_o after_o the_o persecution_n and_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o several_a residency_n fol._n 220._o chap._n 11._o of_o the_o second_o persecution_n at_o namkim_n and_o of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o a_o christian_a name_v andrew_n fol._n 226._o chap._n 12._o how_o thing_n begin_v to_o be_v quiet_a and_o settle_a and_o how_o the_o father_n be_v send_v for_o to_o court_n by_o order_n of_o the_o mandarines_n fol._n 232._o chap._n 13._o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o dr._n leo_n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o history_n fol._n 239._o after_o which_o follow_v the_o supplement_n to_o these_o present_a time_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o chiness_n most_o cruel_a war_n with_o the_o tartar_n by_o who_o they_o be_v now_o conquer_v fol._n 249._o a_o exact_a map_n of_o china_n be_v faithful_o copy_v from_o one_o bring_v from_o peking_n by_o a_o father_n late_o resideent_fw-mi in_o that_o city_n 1655_o i_fw-mi a_o king_n of_o china_n a_o china_n man_n a_o china_n woman_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o temporal_a state_n of_o china_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n china_n in_o its_o extent_n be_v one_o great_a continue_a continent_n without_o have_v any_o thing_n which_o divide_v it_o and_o take_v it_o from_o the_o latitude_n of_o haynam_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o continent_n and_o lie_v in_o nineteen_o degree_n it_o extend_v itself_o twenty_o four_o degree_n incline_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o end_v in_o forty_o three_o degree_n it_o come_v to_o make_v a_o circuit_n so_o much_o the_o more_o spacious_a by_o how_o much_o the_o coast_n thereof_o run_v along_o in_o various_a and_o unequal_a wind_n and_o so_o come_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n in_o greatness_n and_o almost_o equal_a to_o all_o europe_n on_o the_o west_n side_n thereof_o be_v many_o small_a island_n but_o so_o near_o together_o that_o they_o seem_v all_o to_o compose_v but_o as_o it_o be_v one_o body_z all_o this_o monarchy_n be_v divide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n each_o of_o which_o be_v a_o spacious_a kingdom_n and_o so_o they_o be_v all_o ancient_o each_o have_v a_o king_n of_o its_o own_o of_o those_o nine_o which_o they_o call_v the_o southern_a province_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v water_v