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a_o quick_a and_o easy_a passage_n hence_o those_o who_o be_v bind_v from_o chalcedon_n to_o byzantium_n can_v stand_v direct_o over_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o current_n but_o be_v force_v first_o to_o gain_v the_o point_n call_v the_o ox_n and_o the_o town_n of_o chrysopolis_n whereof_o the_o athenian_n be_v heretofore_o possess_v and_o be_v the_o first_o who_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o alcibiades_n exact_v a_o toll_n from_o all_o that_o trade_a into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n from_o hence_o advance_v a_o little_a they_o fall_v at_o length_n into_o the_o current_n which_o then_o force_v they_o away_o direct_o to_o byzantium_n the_o like_a happen_v whether_o you_o be_v bind_v upward_o or_o downward_o to_o this_o place_n for_o if_o ship_n be_v bind_v from_o the_o hellespont_n towards_o the_o euxine_a while_o the_o wind_n blow_v at_o south_n or_o from_o the_o euxine_a towards_o the_o hellespont_n during_o the_o levant_n the_o passage_n be_v direct_a and_o easy_a along_o 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show_v they_o ignorant_a of_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o human_a nature_n persist_v to_o execute_v what_o they_o have_v once_o resolve_v without_o regard_n to_o god_n or_o men._n as_o to_o dorimachus_n after_o he_o have_v do_v all_o the_o spoil_n he_o can_v he_o return_v back_o to_o aetolia_n and_o now_o albeit_o the_o winter_n be_v not_o yet_o over_o and_o the_o season_n afford_v no_o hope_n of_o king_n philip_n return_v yet_o awhile_o that_o prince_n notwithstanding_o take_v with_o he_o three_o thousand_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o troop_n they_o call_v chalcaspide_n from_o their_o carry_v brazen_a shield_n two_o thousand_o bucklerman_n three_o hundred_o candiot_n and_o about_o four_o hundred_o horse_n with_o this_o body_n of_o man_n he_o depart_v from_o larissa_n and_o take_v his_o march_n through_o thessaly_n and_o so_o to_o eubaea_n and_o thence_o by_o cynus_n to_o corinth_n march_v by_o the_o frontier_n of_o boeotia_n and_o megara_n and_o in_o short_a perform_v his_o 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into_o feud_n about_o the_o partition_n of_o their_o plunder_n which_o go_v so_o far_o that_o it_o cost_v they_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o great_a part_n both_o of_o their_o booty_n and_o their_o army_n and_o this_o be_v a_o frequent_a folly_n of_o that_o people_n upon_o any_o success_n especial_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o have_v dispute_n when_o they_o have_v drink_v wine_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o gaul_n and_o samnite_n join_v their_o arm_n and_o make_v war_n on_o the_o roman_n give_v they_o battle_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o clusian_o who_o be_v likewise_o call_v camartine_n where_o they_o make_v great_a slaughter_n of_o they_o but_o soon_o after_o this_o the_o roman_n enrage_v as_o it_o be_v by_o their_o misfortune_n march_v against_o they_o with_o a_o fresh_a army_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o same_o enemy_n have_v all_o their_o legion_n in_o the_o field_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o
africa_n but_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n elsewhere_o to_o speak_v more_o particular_o thereof_o and_o the_o benefit_n accrue_v thereby_o to_o both_o those_o country_n when_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v acquire_v so_o great_a a_o reputation_n in_o that_o country_n as_o to_o become_v formidable_a to_o the_o spaniard_n they_o resolve_v to_o attempt_v something_o likewise_o on_o that_o side_n and_o conclude_v that_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a greatness_n be_v principal_o owe_v to_o their_o negligence_n who_o by_o a_o profound_a carelessness_n have_v as_o it_o be_v sleep_v away_o their_o jealousy_n they_o therefore_o determine_v to_o repair_v that_o error_n by_o their_o future_a care_n and_o vigilance_n they_o do_v not_o dare_v however_o for_o the_o present_a to_o exact_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o may_v appear_v hard_a and_o severe_a nor_o declare_v a_o war_n with_o they_o from_o the_o apprehension_n 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those_o who_o travel_n in_o these_o part_n never_o cheapen_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o inn_n but_o demand_v only_o how_o much_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v by_o the_o head_n where_o you_o shall_v be_v very_o well_o treat_v for_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o obolus_fw-la and_o it_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o that_o they_o demand_v more_o their_o people_n be_v numerous_a their_o man_n proper_a and_o well-propotioned_a and_o by_o their_o action_n they_o make_v appear_v that_o they_o be_v no_o less_o qualify_v for_o war._n the_o gaul_n who_o be_v call_v trans-alpine_a inhabit_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o the_o river_n rhone_n the_o taurick_n the_o agonians_n and_o many_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n live_v on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o plain_n we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o those_o gaul_n differ_v nothing_o from_o the_o other_o but_o because_o they_o inhabit_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o alps_n the_o italian_n have_v give_v they_o that_o appellation_n the_o very_a top_n of_o these_o mountain_n be_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o access_n and_o the_o perpetual_a snow_n that_o cover_v they_o the_o ligurian_o live_v on_o the_o apennines_n and_o those_o mountain_n towards_o marseilles_n that_o join_v with_o the_o alps_n possess_v likewise_o the_o other_o two_o side_n that_o regard_v the_o tuscan_a sea_n and_o the_o great_a plain_n but_o towards_o the_o west_n they_o spread_v themselves_o as_o far_o as_o pisa_n which_o be_v the_o first_o town_n in_o tuscany_n and_o on_o the_o inland-side_n as_o far_o as_o arrezzo_n then_o we_o come_v to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o ombrians_n their_o borderer_n who_o dwell_v on_o both_o side_n the_o mountain_n we_o have_v mention_v from_o thence_o the_o apennines_n which_o be_v there_o distant_a from_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n at_o least_o sixty_o mile_n leave_v the_o plain_n turn_v away_o to_o the_o right-hand_a and_o divide_v italy_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n run_v stretch_v along_o as_o far_o as_o the_o sicilian_a sea_n as_o to_o the_o plain_n but_o now_o name_v where_o the_o apennines_n turn_v off_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o sienna_n the_o river_n po_n so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o the_o poet_n who_o have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o erydanus_n have_v its_o source_n in_o the_o alps_n about_o that_o part_n which_o make_v one_o point_n of_o the_o triangle_n this_o river_n run_v first_o towards_o the_o south_n water_v the_o country_n lie_v under_o those_o hill_n and_o from_o thence_o fall_v into_o a_o level_a country_n it_o take_v its_o course_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o by_o two_o outlet_n run_v into_o the_o adriatic_a it_o be_v the_o noble_a and_o most_o useful_a river_n of_o the_o whole_a continent_n of_o italy_n for_o the_o water_n that_o fall_v either_o from_o the_o alps_n or_o apennines_n run_v thither_o and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o
and_o direct_v those_o who_o best_o understand_v that_o affair_n to_o take_v care_n for_o the_o transport_v the_o elephant_n while_o he_o assemble_v the_o army_n where_o he_o produce_v magilus_n who_o be_v come_v to_o visit_v he_o from_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v about_o the_o po_n accompany_v with_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o gaul_n make_v know_v to_o they_o by_o a_o interpreter_n the_o resolution_n that_o people_n have_v take_v but_o what_o most_o animate_v the_o soldier_n be_v the_o present_n which_o those_o prince_n have_v bring_v with_o they_o the_o tender_a of_o their_o service_n and_o offer_v to_o engage_v with_o they_o as_o their_o companion_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n in_o short_a after_o magilus_n have_v assure_v they_o he_o will_v be_v their_o conductor_n through_o all_o those_o passage_n by_o which_o they_o be_v to_o march_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v short_o arrive_v in_o safety_n in_o italy_n and_o want_v for_o nothing_o in_o their_o journey_n they_o think_v it_o reasonable_a to_o yield_v entire_a belief_n to_o what_o he_o say_v they_o be_v likewise_o great_o encourage_v by_o what_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o abundance_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n they_o be_v to_o invade_v and_o with_o the_o cheerful_a and_o frank_a behaviour_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o their_o conflict_n with_o the_o roman_n the_o gaul_n be_v now_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o assembly_n hannibal_n return_v where_o he_o represent_v to_o his_o people_n first_o the_o important_a action_n they_o have_v already_o achieve_v how_o many_o notable_a service_n by_o his_o counsel_n and_o lead_v they_o have_v already_o perform_v how_o many_o hazardous_a adventure_n they_o have_v go_v through_o whereof_o not_o any_o man_n there_o have_v cause_n to_o repent_v then_o he_o exhort_v they_o to_o continue_v firm_a in_o their_o resolution_n inasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v of_o themselves_o convince_v that_o the_o most_o difficult_a part_n of_o the_o work_n be_v now_o pass_v their_o passage_n over_o the_o river_n succeed_v to_o their_o own_o wish_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o remain_a doubt_n of_o the_o fidelity_n and_o goodwill_n of_o their_o ally_n he_o require_v in_o short_a that_o they_o will_v entertain_v no_o anxious_a thought_n about_o the_o future_a but_o rely_v firm_o on_o his_o care_n and_o circumspection_n tell_v they_o that_o by_o a_o entire_a resignation_n to_o his_o conduct_n and_o command_n they_o will_v give_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a mark_n of_o their_o resolution_n and_o ascertain_v their_o title_n to_o the_o glory_n they_o have_v already_o win_v and_o now_o after_o the_o soldier_n by_o their_o word_n and_o action_n have_v unanimous_o signify_v their_o approbation_n and_o readiness_n to_o obey_v he_o and_o their_o willingness_n to_o engage_v in_o all_o danger_n hannibal_n praise_v their_o forwardness_n and_o implore_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o god_n for_o their_o preservation_n command_v they_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o repose_n and_o to_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o march_v for_o that_o he_o determine_v to_o decamp_v the_o next_o day_n so_o they_o depart_v the_o assembly_n be_v no_o soon_o dismiss_v when_o the_o numidian_n return_v who_o have_v be_v send_v abroad_o to_o discover_v of_o who_o a_o great_a part_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o those_o who_o escape_v have_v save_v themselves_o by_o slight_a for_o have_v encounter_v it_o seem_v not_o far_o from_o the_o camp_n with_o certain_a horseman_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o publius_n have_v send_v abroad_o on_o the_o same_o errand_n they_o have_v engage_v so_o rough_o that_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o gaul_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o be_v kill_v on_o the_o spot_n and_o of_o the_o numidian_n above_o two_o hundred_o the_o roman_n pursue_v the_o rest_n to_o their_o camp_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o get_v knowledge_n of_o what_o have_v pass_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o so_o retire_v to_o their_o own_o army_n with_o all_o the_o expedition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o assure_v the_o consul_n of_o the_o enemy_n arrival_n whereupon_o the_o roman_n decamp_v embarking_a all_o their_o baggage_n on_o board_n the_o fleet_n and_o eager_o wish_v to_o come_v to_o action_n with_o the_o enemy_n they_o take_v their_o march_n up_o the_o river_n the_o day_n after_o hannibal_n have_v make_v his_o oration_n to_o the_o army_n he_o order_v all_o the_o horse_n to_o move_v and_o march_v towards_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o intercept_v any_o sudden_a danger_n that_o may_v threaten_v from_o that_o quarter_n then_o he_o command_v the_o foot_n to_o follow_v while_o himself_o attend_v the_o come_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o those_o who_o he_o have_v leave_v to_o conduct_v they_o and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o that_o we_o give_v a_o account_n how_o they_o embark_v those_o mighty_a beast_n they_o make_v many_o float_v of_o timber_n whereof_o they_o join_v two_o and_o two_o together_o these_o float_v be_v fifty_o foot_n long_o each_o and_o be_v place_v point_v out_o into_o the_o river_n their_o inmost_a end_n rest_v on_o the_o bank_n and_o all_o well_o unite_v together_o then_o they_o fasten_v other_o to_o the_o end_n of_o those_o reach_v yet_o far_o out_o into_o the_o river_n these_o machine_n so_o frame_v resemble_v in_o some_o sort_n a_o bridge_n be_v well_o sustain_v and_o fasten_v with_o cordage_n on_o all_o part_n and_o defend_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stream_n they_o moor_v or_o fasten_v this_o platform_n to_o the_o tree_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o bank_n whereof_o there_o be_v good_a store_n after_o have_v enlarge_v and_o run_v out_o this_o work_n to_o about_o two_o hundred_o foot_n in_o length_n they_o join_v to_o the_o end_n thereof_o two_o other_o large_a substantial_a float_v well_o fasten_v together_o which_o they_o so_o join_v to_o the_o sixed_a platform_n with_o rope_n as_o to_o be_v able_a easy_o to_o disjoin_v they_o from_o the_o other_o to_o these_o movable_n 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liberty_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n after_o this_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n into_o quarter_n of_o refreshment_n and_o solemn_o bury_v thirty_o of_o his_o officer_n who_o have_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n his_o other_o loss_n be_v inconsiderable_a the_o victory_n not_o cost_v he_o above_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n whereof_o the_o major_a part_n be_v gaul_n and_o now_o his_o hope_n be_v thus_o just_o raise_v he_o deliberate_v with_o his_o brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n about_o the_o future_a method_n they_o be_v to_o take_v for_o improve_n the_o victory_n they_o have_v gain_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n when_o the_o news_n come_v to_o rome_n of_o this_o defeat_n the_o magistrate_n who_o can_v neither_o soften_v nor_o diminish_v it_o the_o stroke_n have_v fall_v so_o heavy_a assemble_v the_o people_n to_o who_o they_o report_v the_o naked_a truth_n of_o their_o case_n and_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o praetor_n ascend_v the_o tribunal_n pronounce_v these_o word_n we_o be_v overcome_v they_o be_v strike_v with_o such_o terror_n that_o those_o who_o be_v then_o present_a and_o have_v be_v in_o the_o battle_n think_v they_o have_v cause_n to_o believe_v the_o defeat_n be_v great_a in_o rome_n than_o in_o the_o field_n nor_o indeed_o be_v this_o surprise_n without_o reason_n for_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v hold_v so_o long_a a_o possession_n of_o victory_n and_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o mournful_a language_n of_o vanquish_a and_o oppress_v know_v not_o how_o with_o constancy_n to_o support_v a_o affliction_n so_o new_a and_o unexpected_a the_o senate_n only_o preserve_v their_o temper_n with_o decency_n and_o omit_v nothing_o that_o belong_v to_o their_o function_n hold_v frequent_a assembly_n to_o deliberate_v about_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o disease_n of_o which_o they_o be_v so_o sick_a during_o these_o transaction_n the_o other_o consul_n who_o be_v at_o rimini_n near_o adria_n on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o confine_n of_o italy_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o po_n receive_v intelligence_n that_o hannibal_n be_v advance_v into_o tuscany_n and_o have_v besiege_v flaminius_n in_o his_o camp_n have_v therefore_o resolve_v to_o march_v to_o his_o relief_n and_o join_v their_o troop_n but_o in_o regard_v his_o army_n be_v too_o numerous_a to_o march_v all_o in_o one_o body_n he_o therefore_o pick_v out_o four_o thousand_o horse_n from_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o their_o cavalry_n and_o give_v the_o command_n of_o these_o to_o c._n centronius_n order_v he_o to_o march_v before_o with_o expedition_n in_o order_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o flaminius_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v chance_v to_o be_v press_v before_o he_o can_v arrive_v but_o when_o hannibal_n get_v intelligence_n that_o they_o be_v now_o send_v those_o succour_n after_o the_o battle_n be_v lose_v he_o order_v out_o maherbal_n with_o the_o light-armed_a troop_n and_o a_o body_n of_o horse_n to_o encounter_v they_o according_o they_o meet_v with_o centronius_n fight_v with_o he_o and_o beat_v he_o kill_v almost_o half_o his_o man_n on_o the_o place_n and_o force_v the_o rest_n to_o take_v sanctuary_n on_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n and_o the_o next_o day_n they_o fall_v alive_a into_o their_o hand_n it_o be_v but_o three_o day_n ago_o that_o the_o news_n of_o their_o misfortune_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o thrasimene_n come_v to_o rome_n and_o their_o sorrow_n in_o the_o utmost_a ferment_n when_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o affliction_n the_o news_n of_o this_o their_o last_o defeat_n arrive_v when_o behold_v now_o not_o only_o the_o people_n in_o consternation_n but_o the_o senate_n itself_o become_v sensible_o touch_v whereupon_o they_o think_v it_o needful_a without_o deliberate_v on_o the_o election_n of_o
determination_n to_o march_v and_o to_o take_v their_o way_n by_o laconia_n through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o argian_n and_o to_o join_v the_o king_n force_n with_o what_o speed_n they_o may_v according_o they_o take_v the_o field_n and_o arrive_v near_o glympia_n a_o fortress_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o argian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n it_o chance_v that_o they_o do_v not_o encamp_v with_o that_o circumspection_n which_o they_o ought_v have_v neither_o retrenchment_n or_o palisade_n nor_o be_v the_o place_n where_o they_o encamp_v well_o choose_v but_o in_o confidence_n of_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n they_o quarter_v themselves_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o place_n lycurgus_n come_v to_o understand_v the_o messenian_n be_v arrive_v take_v with_o he_o his_o mercenary_n and_o a_o small_a party_n of_o lacedoemonian_o and_o march_v to_o attack_v they_o and_o come_v upon_o they_o about_o the_o close_a of_o the_o evening_n bold_o attempt_v their_o camp_n and_o now_o though_o the_o messenian_n have_v act_v otherwise_o imprudent_o in_o every_o thing_n and_o have_v march_v with_o too_o small_a a_o force_n and_o destitute_a of_o officer_n in_o who_o judgement_n and_o ability_n they_o may_v rely_v nevertheless_o their_o behaviour_n in_o this_o rencounter_n be_v without_o blame_n consider_v the_o surprise_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o receive_v notice_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o lycurgus_n leave_v all_o their_o lumber_n and_o whatever_o may_v trouble_v they_o behind_o they_o retire_v to_o a_o certain_a fortress_n so_o that_o the_o enemy_n get_v nothing_o but_o their_o baggage_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n of_o their_o foot_n they_o lose_v not_o a_o man_n and_o of_o their_o horse_n not_o above_o eight_o or_o nine_o who_o fall_v on_o the_o spot_n after_o this_o defeat_n the_o messenian_n return_v home_n by_o the_o way_n of_o argos_n and_o lycurgus_n exalt_v with_o his_o success_n march_v back_o to_o sparta_n where_o he_o fall_v to_o make_v of_o new_a levy_n and_o to_o deliberate_v with_o his_o friend_n how_o to_o proceed_v so_o as_o to_o oblige_v philip_n to_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n before_o he_o leave_v laconia_n but_o the_o king_n nevertheless_o march_v from_o elia_n plunder_v and_o ravage_v the_o country_n all_o along_o in_o his_o way_n and_o four_o day_n aster_v return_v to_o amycla_n with_o his_o army_n in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o soon_o as_o lycurgus_n have_v give_v the_o necessary_a order_n to_o his_o friend_n and_o officer_n touch_v the_o battle_n they_o have_v resolve_v on_o he_o command_v the_o troop_n to_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n consist_v of_o about_o two_o thousand_o man_n take_v possession_n of_o all_o the_o near_a post_n to_o menelaium_n leave_v instruction_n with_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o remain_v within_o the_o town_n to_o have_v a_o special_a regard_n to_o a_o signal_n that_o he_o will_v give_v they_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v they_o shall_v issue_v out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o expedition_n and_o by_o as_o many_o way_n as_o they_o can_v and_o draw_v up_o on_o a_o certain_a ground_n where_o the_o river_n run_v near_a to_o the_o town_n in_o this_o posture_n stand_v matter_n between_o the_o two_o army_n but_o lest_o our_o relation_n shall_v seem_v obscure_a through_o want_n of_o due_a light_n in_o the_o nature_n and_o situation_n of_o place_n about_o which_o we_o treat_v we_o shall_v therefore_o do_v our_o best_a to_o be_v as_o clear_v in_o that_o as_o in_o our_o account_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o shall_v be_v our_o manner_n throughout_o our_o whole_a work_n some_o place_n which_o be_v unknown_a we_o shall_v describe_v by_o compare_v they_o with_o other_o that_o be_v know_v distinguish_v they_o by_o mark_n and_o note_n of_o common_a observation_n for_o through_o want_n of_o a_o right_a information_n herein_o many_o and_o great_a error_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o erterprise_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n but_o we_o shall_v labour_v our_o utmost_a that_o the_o reader_n of_o our_o history_n may_v be_v instruct_v as_o well_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o matter_n of_o occurrence_n and_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v leave_v unsay_v touch_v the_o description_n of_o town_n and_o country_n and_o principal_o in_o military_a adventure_n wherein_o the_o better_a to_o explain_v our_o mind_n we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n sometime_o to_o some_o certain_a port_n of_o the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o a_o island_n sometime_o to_o some_o conspicuous_a temple_n promontory_n oâ—_n mountain_n or_o the_o name_n of_o some_o country_n and_o in_o short_a the_o divers_a region_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v thing_n general_o know_v and_o familiar_a to_o mankind_n it_o be_v by_o this_o method_n then_o i_o say_v that_o we_o hope_v to_o be_v able_a to_o lead_v the_o reader_n to_o a_o just_a conception_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n to_o he_o otherwise_o unknown_a to_o give_v a_o general_a description_n then_o of_o thâ—_n city_n of_o sparta_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o figure_n it_o be_v round_o it_o stand_v on_o a_o plain_a or_o bottom_n where_o there_o rise_v here_o and_o there_o certain_a hillock_n or_o eminence_n and_o some_o place_n be_v waste_v and_o barren_a on_o the_o westside_n run_v the_o river_n eurotas_n which_o be_v deep_a and_o unfordable_a at_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o mountain_n of_o menelaium_n be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n regard_v the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o town_n these_o be_v almost_o inaccessible_a and_o exceed_o high_a command_v all_o the_o space_n of_o ground_n lie_v between_o the_o eurotas_n and_o the_o town_n which_o space_n in_o a_o word_n take_v likewise_o the_o river_n into_o the_o account_n which_o run_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o hill_n be_v not_o above_o a_o furlong_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a now_o by_o this_o way_n king_n philip_n be_v oblige_v to_o pass_v in_o his_o return_n from_o his_o expedition_n have_v on_o his_o left_a the_o town_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n draw_v up_o in_o battalion_n and_o on_o his_o right_n the_o river_n and_o the_o troop_n of_o lycurgus_n post_v on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o hill_n furthermore_o the_o lacedoemonian_o have_v stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n have_v bring_v all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n we_o mention_v under_o water_n so_o that_o it_o become_v impossible_a for_o their_o foot_n much_o less_o their_o horse_n to_o march_v wherefore_o the_o king_n army_n have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o go_v but_o in_o defilée_v along_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o which_o mean_n neither_o party_n can_v sustain_v or_o relieve_v the_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n will_v run_v a_o mighty_a hazard_n march_v so_o expose_v to_o the_o continual_a shot_n of_o the_o enemy_n philip_n therefore_o well_o weigh_v the_o peril_n resolve_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v better_o first_o do_v than_o to_o attempt_n lycurgus_n and_o endeavour_v to_o beat_v he_o from_o his_o post_n wherefore_o take_v with_o he_o his_o mercenary_n and_o bucklerman_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o illyrian_n he_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o march_v direct_o towards_o the_o hill_n lycurgus_n who_o can_v not_o but_o understand_v the_o king_n purpose_n put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o receive_v he_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n give_v signal_n to_o those_o within_o the_o town_n who_o immediate_o sally_v out_o and_o draw_v up_o as_o they_o have_v be_v order_v place_v the_o horse_n on_o their_o right_n when_o philip_n be_v advance_v somewhat_o near_o to_o lycurgus_n he_o order_v the_o mercenary_n to_o march_v to_o the_o attack_z and_o so_o begin_v the_o battle_n for_o a_o while_n the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v the_o advantage_n both_o in_o their_o arm_n and_o the_o ground_n have_v also_o the_o better_a in_o the_o dispute_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o bucklerman_n advance_v to_o sustain_v the_o other_o and_o that_o philip_n himself_o with_o the_o illyrian_n fall_v on_o their_o flank_n the_o mercenary_n on_o the_o come_n up_o of_o this_o relief_n take_v new_a courage_n and_o engage_v with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o lycurgus_n be_v worsted_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n leave_v about_o a_o hundred_o of_o his_o man_n dead_a on_o the_o place_n and_o 〈◊〉_d great_a number_n that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n many_o get_v into_o the_o town_n and_o lycurgâ—s_n himself_n favour_v by_o the_o come_n on_o of_o the_o night_n get_v likewise_o through_o byway_n into_o sparta_n whereupon_o philip_n have_v now_o the_o mountain_n to_o friend_n where_o he_o place_v the_o illyrian_n on_o the_o guard_n return_v himself_o with_o the_o bucklerman_n and_o mercenary_n to_o the_o gross_a of_o the_o army_n at_o the_o same_o time_n aratus_n come_v from_o amyclâ—e_n with_o the_o phalanx_n on_o who_o approach_n to_o the_o town_n philip_n repass_a the_o river_n to_o