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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02294	A chronicle, conteyning the liues of tenne emperours of Rome Wherin are discouered, their beginnings, procéedings, and endings, worthie to be read, marked, and remembred. Wherein are also conteyned lawes of speciall profite and policie. ... Compiled by the most famous Syr Anthonie of Gueuara, Bishop of Mondonnedo, preacher, chronicler, and counsellour to the Emperour Charles the fift: and translated out of Spanish into English, by Edward Hellowes, Groome of her Maiesties Leashe. Hereunto is also annexed a table, recapitulating such particularities, as are in this booke mentioned.; Decada de los diez Cesares y emperadores Romanos. English	Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545?; Hellowes, Edward.	1577 (1577)	STC 12426; ESTC S103534	315,538	500

Emperour go to Sea. CHAP. IX Of an horrible crueltie that Bassianus committed in Alexandria AFter that Bassianus had séene the greate Ilion and the moste parte of Asia and Bithynia he came vnto the citie of Antioche wher he was receiued with great ceremonie and all the time that he remained there no lesse feasted From Antioche he tooke his way into Alexandrie with greate desire to sée that famous citie which the greate Alexander had builte whereof the citizens beeing aduertised they made moste solemne costly preparation wherewith to receiue him which neuer had beene done to anie prince either Greeke or Romaine chiefly moued there vnto because it was saide that he was a friende vnto Alexander Manie leagues before Bassianus came vnto the citie they repaired the bridges amended the high wayes furnished all places with victuales made manie summer houses with boughes and scattered all the wayes with flowers and further all his traine did take all thinges at their owne pleasure without paymente of anie money But when he arriued in the citie generally the Alexandrines came foorth to receiue him in moste gorgeous apparell accompanied with instruments and manie kindes of musick Presently at his entrie into Alexandrie he went on foote vnto the temples where he offered verie greate sacrifices and burned therein great quantities of incense myrrhe aloes and suche other fumes This beeing done hee went to visite the sepulchre of the greate Alexander where he vsed an imperiall magnificence that is to wéete he put off a most rich robe wherewith he was clad he tooke from his cappe a brooch of greate price a curious collar from his necke from his breste a stone of value inestimable and from his fingers all his rings knéeling vpon the ground did offer the same vpon the sepulchre of the greate Alexander Incredible was the ioy that the Alexandrines conceiued to behold a liuing prince of Rome to haue a Greeke prince which was deade in so greate veneration in respect whereof they loued him with all their hartes and serued him with all their power All whiche thinges Bassianus performed not of intente to honour Alexander or to pleasure the Alexandrines but with more certintie to assure him selfe of them all and afterwardes ioyntlie to kill them all Manie dayes had past since Bassianus had borne greate hatred vnto the Alexandrines and the occasion of his vnkindnesse was because it was saide that they scorned him with words and also derided him in enterludes saying it was a scoffing matter for him to make cōparison with Alexander to name himselfe Achilles and to imitate Hercules Also Bassianus vnderstoode howe they had muche despised him for the death of his brother Geta laide their toungs vpon his owne mother notinge her vnchastitie which iniuries hee wanted not skill to dissemble manie dayes after to reuenge the same at an instant The case was thus the feasts beeing finished he commanded proclamation to be made that al the lustie young men either straungers or natiues of the countrie shoulde muster in a fielde to the ende he would see viewe and also arme them after the olde manner saying that frō thence foorth his will was that al his men of warre should fight not after the order of the Romanes but according to the fashion of the Greekes Greate glorie and also vaine glorie possessed the Alexandrines when they hearde these proclamations and he that might soonest came first into the fielde conceiuing that such as were the wordes of the crier such should be the workes of the Emperour All the youth of Alexandria remaining in the fielde Bassianus with all his armie in armour issued forth to beholde them and he commaunded to bring them selues into a square to the end that one by one shoulde passe before him of whome he woulde take his choyce and presently after giue them armour Nowe when the miserable Alexandrines stoode all as sheepe together vnarmed Bassianus gaue a signe vnto his soldiours to giue the charge as vpon enimies who in their slaughter made so great haste that within an houre those fieldes were all couered not with flowers but with dead bodies Greate was the hurte that Bassianus committed that day vpon the Alexandrines for that he lefte the widowes without sonnes graundfathers without nephues vnckles without cousines brethren without brethren and neighbours without friends in such wise that none remained that was not slaine or else tormented with the death of others The place where Bassianus committed this greate treason and so inhumaine crueltie was in a broade plaine fielde neare vnto the greate riuer Nilus and the number was so greate of them which were slaine that the bloude by streames ranne through those fieldes and stayned and died that riuer Nilus in such extreme manner that that so stately a riuer semed not to runne with water but with bloude The Alexandrines may not be excused of their faulte in speaking euill of Bassianus defameing his mother representing his vile factes in enterludes Admitting that of euil we can speake but euill yet princes enter not into this reckoning whose workes we haue licence to iudge onely in our hartes but not with the toung to blaspheme and despise them And albeit the offence of the Alexandrines was verie great yea though it had béene much greater yet without comparison muche more vehement was the crueltie that Bassianus did execute on them which if he had bene as he ought to haue bene the contrarie he would haue perfourmed for In the houses of heroycall and excellent princes chastisement is giuen by ounces and clemencie without measure CHAP. X. Of a letter which Bassianus did write vnto the kinge of Parthians to haue his daughter in marriage IT séemed vnto Bassianus that to robbe temples to sacke townes to subuert walles and to kill the whole neighbourhood of Alexandrie was but a smal matter in respect of his vile and cruell conditions wherwith he was inclined and to this ende he determined to attempt so rare and odious a treason that all men which should heare or reade therof might counte his crueltie past but a trifle Euen as amongst such as be vertuous one vertue awaketh another vertue so amongst the wicked one euill or mischiefe draweth with it another mischiefe in such wise that there are some persons so vowed vnto euill and mischiefe that without delaie fall into the profunditie of all manner of vice and mischiefe The case was thus that Bassianus séeing himselfe in the Easte partes had a desire to make a conquest of the Parthians and for that he durste not make them warre openly he remembred to deuise a treason for them in secreate So much more vile was the facte as small was the occasion which moued him to commit the same for at that present the Parthians with the Romanes the Romanes with the Parthians were in greate friendship and confederacie Without aduice of parentes friends or counselers Bassianus sente a greate Ambassage vnto Arthabanus king of Parthia sending

refourme the storie of the liues of tenne Romaine princes worthie moste surely to be knowen and verie pleasant to be read The purpose wherefore moste mightie Prince I haue taken so exceeding trauaile to compounde this worke is vnto the ende my penne may aduertise wherein my tongue with shame dismaieth to speake for as Bias the philosopher saide The authoritie of princes is so greate that of more thinges they haue to giue them to vnderstand then to dare or presume to speake The king Artaxerxes trauailing on a certeine daye a man of the countrie presented him with a little water in the palme of his hand the which water the king receiued and dranke and when some did murmur of that deede and also detract him the king made aunswere It is no lesse noblenesse vnto the Prince to receiue little then to giue greate and bountifull rewardes The philosopher Lycurgus that was lawe giuer vnto the Lacedaemonians commaunded those of his common wealthe that they shoulde offer vnto their Gods fewe thinges in number and not riche of value whereof when he was noted and also accused made aunswere I commaund not to offer vnto the Gods fewe thinges for that I thinke them not to deserue muche but because all men should haue wherewith to offer since of all men they will be serued for in the time of Apollo they saide vnto mee that they had rather haue little of manie then much of fewe In the lawe whiche God gaue vnto the Hebrues he was so limitted in the thinges he demaunded and so humaine in that he commaunded that in the order of the sacrifices which they should offer he did ordeine and cōmaund that the poore man whiche could not offer a goate should offer no more but of the hayre therof In considering that Lycurgus offered vnto his Gods iewels of small price and that king Artaxerxes receiued of a poore man an handfull of water and that vnto the true and liuing God they durst offer no more but of the hayres of a Goate giueth mee hardinesse to present this work vnto your Maiestie ⸫ The life of the good Emperour Traiane Coceius naturally a Spaniard borne in the citie of Calize compiled by syr Anthonie of Gueuara Byshoppe of Mondonnedo preacher chronicler and counsellour vnto the Emperour Charles the fifth CHAP. I. Of foure renoumed Cities that perished and were subuerted in Spaine BEfore they had Emperours in Rome either warre was raised in Carthage ther were in foure prouinces in Spaine foure right notable cities which in potencie did matche with Rome in riches with Tyrus in beautie with Helia in opulencie with Tarento The firste was Numantia the seconde Cantabria the thirde Ystobriga the fourth Italica Strabo Isodore and Pomponio Mela giue great admiration vnto the readers of the great power richesse and wealth of these foure cities And on the other part it is great pitie to consider that there is nothing of them remayning to beholde Not without cause it is saide that nothing remaineth in them to be séene because notwithstanding the prouince boundes and climate is knowen of the foundation thereof yet we may hardly attaine to name the verie place where it was bu●lt Vnto the citie of Numantia Soria succéeded vnto the citie of Cantabria succéeded Tudela of Nauarre vnto the citie of Ystobriga succéeded Merida vnto the citie of Italica succéeded Ciuil The situation of the famous Numantia as some men affirme was vpon a certeine hill neare vnto Soria on the other side of the bridge and as others doe thinke her foundation stoode in Garray a village of Soria ioyning vnto Duero The situation of Cantabria was a league from the citie of the Groine and on that side of Ebro vpon a certeine height where nowe are planted many vines The seate of Ystobriga was where nowe the ventes of Caparra being bayting places stand and others say yt was on the hill that standeth betwixt the two riuers Las varcas de Alconeta yel casare de carceres The situation of Italica was ioyning vnto the citie of Ciuil and some saye it was vpon the way to Carmona and that the arches of Carmona were made to furnishe the citie of Italica O secrete iudgementes of the moste high or humaine instabilitie that all these places being viewed personally of my selfe where these so excellent cities were buylt I found not so muche as a tower a wall a stréete or a house to beholde neither so much as a stone almost to stumble at We haue great reason to exclaime and much more hath the discréete reader to wonder since we vnderstand that fourtéene yeres Numantia resisted the power of the Romaines and now we sée it made a pasture for shéepe We vnderstande that Cantabria was the last thing whiche the Romaines did subdue in Spaine and nowe there remaineth but a patche of vineyardes in the same We certeinly knowe that the greatest strength which king Viriato held in Spaine was Ystobriga and nowe there remaineth not but certeine gr●ene trées shrubbes They which write of the citie of Italica do saye that it was the most strong and the most estéemed of all the kingdome of Vandalia and nowe they gather both wheat and barley in the same Scipio the Africane destroyed the citie of Numantia because in the first Punicke battels they would not helpe the Romaines Gracchus a Romaine captaine subuerted the citie of Ystobriga because from thence Viriato made him warre Pompeius hoste destroyed the citie of Italica for that in the parcialitie of Iulius Caesar they were most faithfull The Emperour Augustus ouerthrewe the citie of Cantabria as a man more moued with yre then directed by reason The case was thus that as he had the citie besieged and brought in great distresse he sent to require of the citizens to yelde him all their treasure and giue vnto Rome perpetuall tribute The Cantabrians considering what the Emperour demaunded aunswered in a letter after this manner Emperour Augustus we pray the immortall Gods to receiue thee into their defence and that it may please them to examine betwixt thee and vs who in this warre hath more iustice and thou knowest O immortall Prince that men although they haue power to take warre in hande it is not in their handes but in the Gods to obteine victorie because we men begin many thinges with malice the which afterwardes the Gods do finish by iustice with thy exceeding potencie it may not be denied but that thou hast brought this sorrowfull citie into great distresse in such wise that we haue neither bread to eate either water to drinke either skinnes to make garments or corke to make shooes neither towers to couer vs but ioyntly with this thou hast to vnderstande that if wee want armour wherwith to fight wee lacke not heartes to abide death It wel appeareth that thou hast made experience of our weake forces and vnderstandest not the greatnesse of our mindes since thou demaundest the treasure of our houses and the libertie of our persons

that notwithstanding any did mutine or rebell againste the Prince vntill in Rome he were declared an enimie they might not make warre either against him or his countrie Traiane once more determined in his owne persone to goe to the warres of Datia neither woulde he take with him any Consul or Captaine that was notable in Rome saying that since king Decebal to him onely had broken his worde to him onely it did apperteine to reuēge the iniurie King Decebal howe soeuer he had made experience of the forces of Traiane he would not as in the former warres abide him in the fielde but retired into the most strong holdes of his kingdome to his small profite for Traiane had sworne before he departed from Rome to remaine dead in Datia or bring king Decebal either dead or aliue vnto Rome Many of the Hunnes which now are named Hūgarians many of the Rhenes which are the people inhabitant neare vnto the riuer Rhene were come vnto the succour of king Decebal al which people when they vnderstoode that Traiane came with so great a power and so determined they forsooke king Decebal in the plaine field notwithstanding would he not forsake his wilful purpose for that his condition was to beginne his attemptes with great rashnesse and no lesse stout to prosecute them King Decebal was then of the age of two and fourtie yeares a Prince most certainly in body of perfect proportion gratious in conuersation magnificent in spending valiaunt in armes diligent and carefull in the warres although in the same most vnfortunate the whiche lost both him and his countrie bicause little auaileth diligence where good hap is contrarie King Decebal was a Prince most vnfortunate to match in contention with Traiane whoe was a Prince most fortunate bycause vnto the one all thinges did happen vnto his owne liking and to the other all things contrarie to that he did desire After fiue monethes that the warre was begun as the one Prince did increase the other decrease King Decebal retired vnto a certain castel with the most valiaunt men of his armie where Traiane did vtter expend the vtterest of his skill deuice policie to take him and king Decebal his greatest force and fortitude to defend him selfe By a Decebal counsel on a certaine night they conueyed ouer the wall sixe young men fayning to be fled which came vnto Traianes campe with myndes determined to kill him eyther with weapō or poison King Decebal had inuented this treason for that wanting as he wanted strength he would profite and prouide for him selfe by treason and guile And as Traiane was of a sincere condition and nothing malicious had no suspicion of that malice and guile but rather receiued thē with great pitie and conferred with them a great parte of the day inquiring and demaunding them of the armies and conditions of king Decebal and wherefore he had broken his promise and othe There wanted not in Traianes campe that could discerne by their countenance gesture and silence that those young men were traitours or else théeues and one of them being taken and examined did confesse that by the counsell and commaundement of king Decebal they were come to murther Traiane And as king Decebal was disappointed of this treason and deuice and the traitours chastised according to their demerites he determined another deuice and the case was thus Vpon a truce he craued to speake with Longinus a famous capteine and much beloued of Traiane who being come vpon assurance was taken and bound Traiane was not a little offended when he vnderstoode that Longinus was detained as prisoner no lesse displeased with Longinus that had giuen too muche confidence to the assurance of king Decebal saying that the person which is a promise breaker with men and periured vnto the Gods by no meanes might deserue credite King Decebal gaue Traiane to vnderstande that except he might receiue pardon for him selfe and all his knightes Longinus shoulde continue prisoner to this Traiane made answere that if he had taken Longinus in good war he wold do any thing to giue libertie vnto his person but since Longinus gaue trust where he ought not vnto his worde he was bounde to conserue his life for that good Princes be more bound to mainteine that whiche they promise then to procure that which they desire Althoughe Traiane spake these wordes openly he did geatly trauell to deliuer Longinus eyther for exchange or else for money but Longinus vnderstanding thereof dranke poyson wherof he dyed sent word vnto Traiane that the Gods had neuer to cōmaund that for the giuing of his life they shuld capitulate with king Decebal any thing that were vile or against honour This Romaine straūge act of Longinus gaue great admiration vnto friends and confederats and did yeald great feare vnto the enimies bycause he deliuered Traiane of care and thought and for him selfe obteined perpetuall fame King Decebal perceiuing the greatest part of his kingdome to be taken and lost without all hope to recouer the same eyther able to defende that which remained determined to make slaughter of him selfe some say with poyson some affirme that he drowned him selfe in water other affirme that he hanged him selfe finally he was found dead without any wounde whose head Traiane commaunded to be cut off and to be sent vnto Rome CHAP. XIII Of the great buildings that Traiane made in the kingdome of Datia THe vnfortunate king Decebal being dead and all the whole lande in Traianes power he made it a Prouince which is to say he did take away the title of kingdom and the preeminence of gouernement by Consuls and gaue order to be gouerned by Pretors and to be called a Prouince Traiane remoued a greate number of the inhabitants of Italie in that countrie but many more he brought out of that countrie to be placed in Italie and this he did as a man of great iudgement bycause in displacing the one he obteined sure possession of the kingdom and remouing the other of necessitie they must liue as others did liue in the Romaine Empire When the capteine Longinus dyed he left a brother yonger of age but equall in force and valiauntnesse whome Traiane made Pretour of Datia and gaue vnto him for euermore the castle where his brother dyed saying vnto him of two causes the one is for thyne owne vertue and valiauntnesse and the other bycause thy brother Longinus did serue me Traiane caused great search to be made for the body of his capteine Longinus vnto whome he caused to be erected such and so sumptuous a sepulchre that it was to be douted whether he would haue giuen him so great riches for seruice if he had liued as he spent in making that sepulchre In all the kingdome of Datia there was no knight or Gentleman that had any rents but only the king whereof the king gaue vnto euerie man as he did serue and deserue whereof it followed that the kingdome being

so opulent the king obteined great riches welth and power Whē Traiane came the second time into Datia king Decebal had great riches both of gold siluer not only for the great rents which he receiued throughout his kingdome but that also he exacted of his subiectes great sūmes of money King Decebal being doubtfull vnto what destinies he and his kingdome were committed determined to burie all his treasure in a riuer which he remoued out of his naturall chanell and in the greatest depth therof he made sepulchres of stone to burie his saide treasure whiche being done he returned the riuer into his olde chanell which was named Sargetia and to the end that no man shoulde discouer this secrete he commaunded to murder all that were present at the hiding thereof But to small purpose for that a fisher which at that time did fish the riuer discouered the whole matter vnto Traiane in suche manner that there is nothing so much hidden that humaine couetousnes doth not discouer Those treasures being brought into Traianes power he diuided thereof amongest his armies vnto euerie man according to the merites of his seruice and of his owne share the first that he commaunded was to builde a most sumptuous temple vnto the God Iupiter wherein he left prouided that for him selfe and the people of Rome yearely sacrifice to be offered He reedified there also the royall house that is to say where the kings of Datia did vse to be resident whiche for the antiqutie thereof was somewhat decayed and through continuall warres not well repayred a worke most certeinely delectable to behold and pleasant to dwell in He repaired also many decayed bridges and mylles vpon high wayes he renued their broken calseys in all places he did build newe houses and reedified others infinite that were burnt He brake and made plaine many wayes vpon the sharpe moūtaines and raysed many newe fortes and renued the old finally you might hardly trauell a league throughout all the kingdome wherein shoulde not be found some notable worke of Traiane Not yet all satisfied he built vpon the riuer of Danubie a bridge of stone which was so curious in the building and so costly in the making that fewe works did match it but none did passe it That bridge contained twentie arches in length and euery piller of one square stone and the arches were of the height of an hundred and fiftie foote wrought without cymet and the distaunce betwixt the pillers were a hundred thréescore and two foote and the breadth of the arches aloft was fortie foote and aboue all the rest the singularitie of the mould and fashion was to be considered and the richnesse of the stone to be regarded bycause the stone was of such glosse that in iudgement it deserued to be set in plate It séemed incredible to mans iudgement for a bridge to be made vpon that riuer bicause the streame was broad déepe in course very swifte and aboue all the rest on no side it might be turned out of his chanell to the end it might be drie at any time to lay the cymet That building was so extreme or to say better so monstrous that it néeded to make experiēce of al high iudgements and capacities and the Romaines there to shewe their strengthes and Traiane there to spend his treasure bicause in the worke there required great potencie and in the order thereof great industrie it is verie small that the penne can magnifie in respect of the wonder which he séeth that beholdeth the same for the better credite therof at these dayes the pillers giue a muster vpon the fierce waters declaring the pryde of his power and the riches of the emperour Traiane would with that edifice giue terrour vnto the liuing and admiration to his posteritie to giue manifest argument that any thing may not be so impossible eyther so hard that with mans hand may not be enterprised and with the riches of Rome might not be finished The cause that moued Traian to build this costly bridge so monstrous was as they say to the end the barbarous people on the other side Danubie might come to fight with the Romaines although the riuer were ouerflowen and also that the Romaines that remained there shuld not giue them selues to pleasure and idlenesse when they considered them selues to be in the eye of the enimie The Emperour Domitian had no suche mynde and valiantnesse whiche for feare that the barbarous people should come to fight with the Romaine hoast cōmaunded the arches of that bridge to be ouerthrowne in such wise that the one made a bridge to prouoke the enimie to fight and the other did raze the same for feare of battell CHAP. XIIII Of the seconde entring of Rome by the Emperour Traiane and the notable thing which he did in the same IN finishing the warrs in giuing order for the Prouince in diuiding the countries and in yealding perfection vnto all his workes and buildings Traiane was deteined in Datia more then thrée yeares in which as he after did report great were the trauels and perils wherein he did sée his person and not small were the expences that he made of his goods The victories that Traiane had obteined being knowne vnto the Barbarians that did inhabite the other side of Danubie the mightie buildings that he had made the great rewardes that he had giuen and the clemencie that with prisoners he had vsed sent their ambassadours vnto Traiane who with verie good will did set down with him a perpetual peace amitie bound them selues to kéepe and defend for him the kingdome of Datia Incredible was the loue that all those nations did beare vnto Traiane which was well knowne when he departed from that countrie to goe vnto Rome in that by all cities where he did passe and by all wayes where he did trauell so great were the teares and cries vttered by all persons that it séemed the grounde to tremble In respect of the great largesse and prowesse that Traiane had perfourmed in those Prouinces it was no maruell that his departing was so be wailed bicause with his great benefites he had won their hearts and with his great and sumptuous buildings he had ennobled his people Vniuersally of al friends and enimies neuer prince as Traiane was so much feared in warres either loued in peace The cause wherby Traiane obteined so great loue and to be so well liked and in such especial grace with al men was that with his frends he neuer vsed negligence and also in readinesse and straite reckoning with his enimies in such wise that such as stood in his disgrace by his wordes they had to vnderstand therof but vnto such as did bende to serue him both in worde and déede he did manifest the same They were infinite that praised Traiane in that he had ben pitiful with them but none did cōplaine that he had found him ingrate Ennius Priscus a noble aunciēt Romaine demaūded of the

learned and expert that for excellencie therein in Rome they named him the Greeke childe for that he was as readie in the Greeke tongue as others in the Romaine speache At the age of xvi yeares he had a desire to passe into Spaine to sée his olde countrie he arriued at Calize where his mother was borne and from whence Traiane was natiue and there leauing his letters did exercise him selfe in armes because in those dayes the Spaniardes had there a famous studie of science and the Romaines helde there a schoole for the warres Adrian bothe in leaping and running was verie light wherein it is sayd of him that he ranne for many wagers and not a fewe times by running and leaping did winne to supply his necessitie He greatly delighted to ride swift running horses and did much presume to iudge and make choyce of them and after in his olde age he would vaunt and say of him selfe that he neuer roade in coche mule or other beast but an horse In the time of Adrian his youth he was an enimie to idlenesse and also of them that were giuen therevnto and many times sayde that he remembred not since the age of tenne yeares whether hee stoode still or walked by the way that he had not eyther a booke to reade in or some weapō to fight with Adrian was naturally sharpe of wit and of great life most apparant in that he was not satisfied to knowe what some men did knowe but trauelled to haue skill in all things that men vnderstoode with Philosophers he woulde dispute with maisters at weapons he woulde fight with artificers he would worke and with painters he would paint Adrian did praise him selfe and according to writings of olde time he had great reason so to do bycause there was no Art science occupation or inuention in the worlde that he knew not or at the least did not trauell to knowe When Adrian was young he was but of small patience for that he indured not any to excell him neyther yet to compare with him and rare was that quarell which he did not make or mainteine When Tatian Adrians tutor did reprehend him for his impatience and bycause he was not mylde as the young man his cousen Emilius he made answere My cousen Emilius is not patient but for that he is a coward and I by quarelling am become valiaunt Neyther being a childe or growne to more yeares Adrian vsed not to breake foorth into foule wordes although they sayde or did him great iniuries but indéede although his toung were slowe his handes were very ready Adrian was of a sound bodie except that sometimes he complained of his left eare and that one of his eyes at times did water but two euils did not hinder his hearing much lesse his sight CHAP. II. Of some euill inclinations that possessed and had power in Adrian THe Emperour Adrian did muche delight in hunting which he did not exercise in the plaines but in mountaines for he tooke no care to flée with haukes but to fight with fierce beastes to make a shewe of his valiauntnesse So giuen and so venterous was Adrian in his chace that with great reason I will not say did reproue but note the time that he consumed and that not onely for much time he spent therein but for that many times he was in great daunger It hapned somtimes that in following the chace of wilde beasts Adrian did loose himself in those rough and craggie moūtaines wherof there folowed not a few times that he would haue eaten if he had had breade and woulde haue dranke if he had had water When he went to hunt he carried his crosbowe to shoote his quiuer of quarels and his wallet of victuals and alwayes did place him in the pace where the beast should passe and had so little feare and so desirous of chace that if it were a beare he did execute some aduenture and if it were a Lion he did abide him It is not read that he siue any Lion but one but beares and other cruell beastes that he siue with his owne hands were infinite Adrian followed most fiercely a certaine beast with so great desire and did so trauel to attain the same that he fell ouer a rocke put his shoulder out of ioynt brake one of his legs and cast much bloud out of his mouth In the Prouince of Misia Adrian built a citie which he did name The chace of Adrian bicause there he vsed to pitch his Pauilion and from thence at mornings he went foorth to hunt and at night did returne to bed He had an horsse very ready for hunting which would staye and make ready as a man when he vnderstoode the chace comming and therewithall ranne as sure downe the hill as vp the hill This horsse was named Borystenes which being deade Adrian did not only cause to be buried with muche honour but also commaunded for the same a very riche sepulchre of Marble to be made and erected Adrian did muche estéeme and delight to paynt figures and counterfets very naturally and to graue in Marble with great skil and deuice sometimes in waxe to make newe inuentions and was in these Arts so curious that he made the Goddesse Venus in Alabaster and with a pencill did paint the wars of Carthage and of ware did fourme the whole Island Creta And albeit that in these things he were readie and expert ioyntly therewith he was very ambitious bycause he had as great enuie and also rancour at an artificer which was sayde to paynt or worke more curiously then him selfe as if the maintenance of his liuing had consisted therein There were in Rome two excellent men the one named Dionysius the other Milesius men right famous in the liberall Arts for that many in Rome did frequent their studies but muche more did peayse their workes Adrian did take thereof so great enuie that although he found no cause to kill them he wanted not occasion to banish them A certaine skilfull carpenter in drawing plots for buildings being in some question with the Emperour Traiane of the fourme and manner of placing of a staire Adrian being present sayd his iudgement somwhat besides the purpose whervnto the carpenter Polydorus answered Maister Adrian if your cunning did not serue you better to paint gourdes and coocumers then to place staires you shuld obteine a smal credite amōgst painters as you haue amongst artificers Although Adrian could dissemble those words he might not in any wise forget them for after the death of Traiane he attaining the empire those iniurious words were no more costly vnto the sorrowfull Polydorus but to serue Adrian for sufficient reuenge to take away his life Adrian being so great a Grecian and also a Latinist compounded certaine workes in Heroicall metre as also in prease did muche delight to haue them praised could not indure but the some must read them In those daies the Gréek tong flourishing in Rome brought the of

Pertinax died the fifte daye of April Falconius Clarus being Consuls his head was throwne of his enimies into Tiber his bodie burieed by his friends and kinsfolkes in the sepulchre of his father in lawe at that present without anie funerall pomp because they slewe all persons that vttered sorrowe or griefe for his death The life of the Emperour Iulianus that bought the Empire compiled by syr Anthonie of Gueuara Bishop of Mondonnedo preacher chronicler counseller vnto the Emperour Charles the fifte CHAP. I. Of the life linage and countrie of the Emperour Iulianus THe Emperour Didiꝰ Iulianꝰ had to his great graundfather a Romaine named Salianus who was a learned lawyer twise Consul Pretour of the citie and died in the secōd yeare of the reigne and Empire of Nero and they say he died of pure sorrowe to sée the common wealth in the handes of so furious a tyrant as Nero. His graundfather was named Salbius Iulianus who gaue him selfe more to armes then to letters and went vnto the warres of Datia with Traiane and was captaine of the seconde Legion and longe time diuider of the victualls and in the ende dyed in his office that is to say in the warres against kinge Dacus His father was named Didius Petronius who neither gaue him selfe to science either folowed the warrs as his predecessours but was residente and liued alwayes in Rome folowing his affaires and holdinge offices in the common wealth hee was an assured friende vnto Antoninus Pius and dyed in the Empire of the good Marcus Aurelius His mother was named Clara Emilia a generous and noble Romaine a greate friende and kinswoman of Domitia Lucilla that was mother vnto Marcus Aurelius so did she intreate and fauour him as a sonne and he did obey her as a mother The first office that Didius Iulianus did beare in the common wealth was Decemviriato which is to wéete to be one of the x. visitours of the people and though he wanted age to vse it yet he wanted not fauour to obteine it because Domitia mother vnto Marcus Aurelius did craue this office for him in the Senate He was also Questor two yeares together which office he helde against the Romane lawes for that he was vnder the age of xxx yeares but as hee obtained the office of Decemviriato by the sute of the mother so did they graunte the other by the fauour of the sonne which is to wéete Marcus Aurelius And after that Didius Iulianus was past the age of thirtie yeares he neuer wanted offices in the common wealth for vntill that age the Romanes had rather that yongemen shoulde occupie them selues in learning then in commaunding and gouernement Iulianus was Edil Pretor and Censor diuerse times diuers yeares and at times muche distant but the office wherein he continued longest time was Romane Pretor because he had learning to gouerne and iustice to execute He was naturallie giuen to the warres and with this motion he went one time into Germanie where hee neither obtained fame either augmented his goods for that certeinely he was more handsome in gouernemente then hardie in fight He gouerned by the space of three yeares the prouince of Belgica whiche nowe is named Swetia in which gouernement he behaued him selfe so venturouslie that he obteined what he had lost in the warre which is to say much reputation in the common wealth and greate goodes for his house In the seconde yeare of the Empire of Marcus Aurelius the inhabitantes neere vnto the riuer Albo whiche is in the kingdome of Bohemia rebelled vnto which commotion Didius Iulianus repayred and as hee was humble of speache skilful and aduised in his affaires so in short space he reduced them vnto the seruice of the Romaine Empire When the Senate had intelligence what Iulianus had done in Bohemia the Emperoure thoughte him selfe therein verie well serued and the Senate no lesse contented chieflie for that so exactlie hee had perfourmed the same without requeste or commaundemente and in recompence of this so singular a seruice they sent him the Consulshippe without his requeste or anie other to solicite the same When the newes of Consulshipe came vnto Iulianus they saye that he saide I sweare by the immortall Godes that I neither solicited the Consulship either thought to haue obteined the same but here in it clearelie appeareth that the good dothe more solicite with his good woorkes then the euill with his manie guiles After he had accomplished the yeare of Consulshipe hee was sent vnto the lower Germanie as Pretor which countrie is nowe called Flanders where he remained two years frō thēce returned to Rome where he had charge of victuals which office amongst the Romaines was more profitable then honourable The Emperour Marcus Aurelius being deade his sonne Commodus reigning in the Empire Iulianus was accused for a traitour for that he and Siluius his cousen had conspired to haue slaine Commodus his accuser was a noble gentleman of Rome named Seuerus but for that he might not proue his accusation they cut off his heade and set Iulianus at libertie At one time Iulianus was in fauour with Commodus an other time in disgrace but after that he was accused of conspiracie he did allwayes beare him mortall hatred and when he vnderstoode this in Commodus both in worde and deede moste times he kéept his house and excused him selfe from the offices of the common wealth Iulianus was a lawyer and in letters moste learned of whome it is said that fewe did surpasse him in science and none was equall vnto him in eloquence for hee did neuer pleade anie cause in the Senate but he obteined the victorie He was prompt in speache sharpe in propounding and graue in determination of stature somewhat lowe of sanguine complexion and in his youth beganne to be horeheaded of whome in this case it may be saide that hee was a monster in nature for that he had neuer a white haire in his bearde either anie blacke haire in his heade His wife was named Malia Escantilia and had but one daughter named Didia Clara. In this also as in the other nature woulde be extreme because the mother was the moste foule woman that had bene seene in Rome and the daughter was the fairest dame that euer was séene in Italie As Iulianus had gouerned manie countries had the charge of victuales was chiefest aduocate in lawe in al Rome so he obteined the possession of manie iuells and the hoording vp of greate summes of money for whiche cause all the principall Romaines sought to be his sonnes in lawe partelie to marrie with the daughter that was so faire as also to inherite the goods that were so greate Iulianus was slender drie and towards his later dayes he was growne to be cholerik adust he neuer drank wine and therefore did eate muche and yet notwithstanding he was so curious and so costlie in his manner to drinke water that with lesse cost he might haue druncke wine Beinge nowe growne

wife good companie for as much as she hath married with mee and since it is thus with reason I ought of no man to be euill iudged for that I do no more but duetie From the daye that he was elected Emperour vntill he was placed in his Sepulchre there passed no day wherin he did not some notable déede woorthie to be marked and no lesse to be followed which is to saye hearing causes in Iustice visiting temples being resident in the Senate repayring walles pardoning offences dooing good vnto the poore and dispatching such other affaires Hee was bountifull to Ambassadours and straungers and no lesse refourmed in his ordinarie expences aboue the rest he helde narrowe and straight reckoning and was well aduised with the officers of his common treasurie alwayes to haue in possession treasure in store Hée saide manie times that the poore and needie Prince might neither be serued affectionately of his subiectes or with armes resist his enimies Vnto such as were sound strong to trauell and yet wanted money to mainteine a trade hee commaunded them to be succoured with the goods of the common treasurie vppon condition to repaye the same in processe of time with the fruites and profites of his trade by which meane he discharged his Empire not onely of many poore persons but also of théeues and vagabondes All persons that receiued either wages or stypende he had registred in a booke wherein was written their age linage and seruice which they had done him vsing when he was alone to read in that booke in such wise he did so speake name and had notice of all persons as if they had béene but one man. The common store house for wheate and oyle founded and furnished by Seuerus Heliogabalus had bothe wasted and destroyed in such wise that there remayned nothing in store this storehouse Alexander reedified endued and also prouided with excéeding greate aboundaunce of wheate and oyle so that in his dayes wheate and oyle did flowe and abound as water The Iewes that were in Italie of all men were euill handeled and the Christians no lesse persecuted and banished nowe when bothe the one and the other made complaint Alexander commaunded them to liue within their lawes vppon such condition as they perfourmed their ceremonies in secrete He did much honour the Presidents of prouinces and when he traueiled vpon the way they onely were placed with him in his Coche or licter which he did to the ende that all men might beholde howe much he honoured the ministers of Iustice as also to be infourmed of the state of the common wealth of that countrie for that naturally he was so greate a friend in that which touched the common wealth that he did not onely take pleasure to prouide and talke thereof but also held it for a vice to be forgetfull of the same Hee vsed vnto no kinde of people so great liberalitie as vnto Iudges Tribunes and Pretors which had charge and were sincere in ministring Iustice and aduouched vnto the Senate that a Prince with reason ought not to bee intituled a Prince vnlesse he were carefull for the execution of Iustice and if he finde any that is iust in the administration thereof such a one iustly may not be recompenced for which cause I giue them more then any other persons which serue me that by their enrichement all occasions to make other men poore from them may be remoued In the behalfe of the common wealth he was aduertised that béefe and bacon was excéeding déere in Rome in respect whereof he straitely charged and commaunded that no person should aduenture to kill either calfe or suckinge pig by the space of two yeres whereof it came to passe within the space aforesaide that a pounde of flesh which was solde for eight was woorth but twaine Of men that séemed graue prudent and sincere he woulde alwayes be infourmed receiue aduise for prouision of all graue and doubtfull cases and yet would neuer communicate or commende his trust to any speciall persons for he vsed to saye that when the people do vnderstand that the prince is counselled or directed by any one person such a one with giftes and requestes may easily be corrupted Alexander had a seruaunt named Belon who promised a gentleman to dispatch a certeine matter of great importance with Alexander that touched him not a little giuing to vnderstande that he was verie priuate with the Prince and in remuneration of his promised trauell hee receiued of that gentleman a greate summe of money whereof Alexander being aduertised and that which hee promised to obteine to be a matter most vniust no smal offence vnto the common wealth he commaunded him to be crucified affirming that none should dare to aduenture to sell the fauour of the Prince to the preiudice of the common people He would many times assemble the chiefest of the people and warne them to be vertuous noble minded and pitifull vnto the common sorte aduertising them that assuredly he would deale with the vertuous as with sonnes and with the wicked as with enimies Thrée times hee gaue vnto the Romane people greate quantities of wheate in time of greate dearth Also at other times he gaue of his grace vnto the auncient horsemen great summes of money vnderstandinge the greatest parte of them to be in debt There were in Rome many persones that liued not but by vsurie by which meane much goods were lost and many houses become tributarie wherein Alexander commaunded excéeding diligence to be vsed in the reuiewe of such contracts and a memoriall of the moste notable griefes to be giuen him which when he had considered he punished the vsurers and gaue libertie vnto the poore men that were oppressed The manner of his dispatche in affaires was to be patient in hearing mylde in answering skilfull in conceiuing and pittifull in denying in such wise that if he gaue not that which they demaunded at the least he gaue them comfort with his woordes After he came from the Senate and had dispatched the affaires of suters he did alwayes passe the time in reading Gréeke rather then Latine amongest all other thinges which he vsed to reade was Plato his comon wealth Cicero his offices Horace and Quintus Curtius with the life of Alexander whom his vices excepted he diligently did imitate If he sawe any of his officers that for age or impotencie might not serue he did either call him or visite him giuing him many thankes for the seruice which he had done him and would request him to take it in good parte to receiue his whole stipend with ease and rest in his owne house and to place some other in that office méete for his seruice Vsually he did eate twise a daye and in his féeding more cleanly and curious then costly and sumptuous and neuer was offended with his officers for the lacke of many or exquisite meates but for want of cleanlinesse and good seasoning Many persons wandring in Rome and