set in goulden ouches Finally Plinie sheweth that the waters of bathes of Nitre and Allume were often dronk for the purging of the bodie lib. iii. hist nat The which Gabriel Fallopius most reasonably confirmeth lib. de mediatis aquis Howbeit none of all these writers nor any other that I can heare of do make any mencion of our bathes in England Brittaine or if any do it is vnknowen and also vnsufficient without probable reason why such vertues shold proceade from them consydering it wer thargument of blunt wits and also of féeble vnderstāding to iudge the nature of our Bathes for any cause that they haue vttered of theirs not knowing ours Seing Plato wylleth as may appeare by hys reasoning with Socrates that euery matter probable must be reasoned to and froe that so by our sences it may be knowen if for Philosophers we wyll be accounted not for rude Empirykes in phoedo the which thing also Tullie affyrmeth in these woordes Speculator vaenatorque naturae Physicus the Phisicyon is a viewer and sercher out of Nature Wherfore according to my capacitie desyrouse of the originall causes of things a louer of wysedome may not be so satisfyed but rather séeke further for the efficient causes ymediate mediate and material causes with the commixtions of myneralles qualities and temperatures faculties and degrées aswell by authoritie and reason as by experyence as in the next bookes shall appeare seing they be accounted most happy which do best attayne to the knowledge of the causes of things for Foelix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas otherwise myght phantasie stand for vnderstāding and wilful opinion for absolute reason ¶ The ende of the fyrst booke ¶ The second Booke of Bathes ayde FOR asmuch as in euery kynd of profession the vse benefyte and knowledge of the cause is so necessarie that without it knowen it is in a maner impossible that any Scyence may consist sure and certayne If so bée that science itself is nothing else but an intelligence habite knowinge things by their causes and effectes I thought it conuenient to speake in a worde or twoo of the efficient immediat mediate and materiall causes of the heate of Bathes that so the ende which is the vse or profit of the thing for which wée labour may more manifestly appeare and the abuse which is the improper ende of things may bée auoyded an argument as I suppose not impertinent to this our present purpose In describing the which diuers Philosophers haue bin of diuers mindes as hereafter shall more playnely appeare and certainely this disagréeing of so wyse men may present argumentes of most waighty questions to you very doubtefull vntill they be discussed Therfore that I may not séeme ouer tediouse nor yet ouer briefe I will alleage the chiefest aswell of the most auncient and of the midle sorte as of the later in our tyme. Mileus the Philosopher hath spoken in this case and hée said the cause through which the waters of Bathes be heated is none other then a winde heatinge in the depth of the earth and in the hollownesses which be in the bowels of the same Wherefore that heat reboundeth vpon the water so it commeth forth hot Rentiphilus and Thesmophilus in this point bée contrary to Mileus and the world folowed them who sayd the earth in those places is very thinne and not of coniuncte partes so that the heate of the sunne entring heateth the water in the hollownesse of the earth and in the caues and trenches which be in the depth by means wherof it cometh forth hot Democritus contrariwise sayd that the cause of the heate of hot Bathes is for that in the holownesses of the earth there be mountaines of Chalke and heapes of ashes which when the water doeth runne vpon it is heated and so the water passeth out hot vpon the face of the earth and of this mynd haue béen many that I haue consulted with concerning the hot welles at Buckstone which opinion is altogether vayne as hereafter shall appéere left vnhandled in our woorke dedicated thervnto wishing therfore all those that will knowe the reason at large why and how waters become hot to reade this our woorke where I doubt not they shall finde wherwith to content them Seneca and Albertus magnus affyrme that the imediate or efficient cause of the hot Bathes is for that they runne vpon a Myne of Brimstone and thorow it are heated And this opinion they and also Sauonarola wyth many other would father vpon Aristotle Howbéeit so great a Philosopher could not so much as thinke it the reason is bycause they had read in a certayne booke ascrybed to Aristotle de proprietatibus Elementorum that the waters of the Baths flow hot bycause they passe through a Mine of Brimstone which booke to haue béen none of his it may appéere by other places in his woorkes wherein hée fréely protesteth a contrary iudgment as in secundo meteore et in problematū 24 sectione 17 probl The last and truest is the opinion of Aristotle who supposed that the waters of Bathes were made hot of a most strong and seruent cause which hée supposed to bée none other then fyer included in places vnder the earth and that fyer is vnder the earth it may easely appéere at Eclam in the Isle of Iseland and at Varigazzo and Florence in Italy and also in Sicilie and betwéen the great seas also in Darbyshire with infinite other places beside Now that the truth falshode of the aforesayd opinions may more cléerely appéere the diuine godhed first called vpon we wil lay this foundation that all simple water essentially challengeth vnto it selfe especiall cold for it is of cold elements the chéefest as the prince of Philosophers declareth and as hereafter it shal be made manifest in the table of the things naturall in the third booke Moreouer let this be a principle that all water heated must be supposed to be by vertu essence cold for al such so demisse of nature returneth to cold as by experience we do proue for if it be takē in a vessell out of the spring it waxeth cold whereby it is inferred that the waters of Bathes by some other meanes become hot must be by proper essence and nature virtualiter cold accidentaliter hot Furthermore séeing water is so cold as in the last degrée the qualitie especially disproporcionated with so great a degrée of heat as is the degrée of feruent heat cannot be induced but by an especial heat So that likewise it is inferred that it is not so heated by a wind heating it as it pleased Milene nor by the heat of the Sun as it pleased Reutiphilus Thesmophilus nor yit bicause it runneth vpon a moūtayn of Chalk or ashes as Democritus supposed séeing these can bring nothing to passe beyonde their owne proper degrée while they work according to nature except it work vpon some subiect which is like to the worker so by affinity
the one as to the other of the last ententes at Bathe desired But least there might more in this work be sought then the méening therof doth extend you shal not onely finde what sicknesses the Bathes of Bath helpeth but also by what reason meanes the same is obteyned how it may be acquired therewith approued A doctrine of sundrie Clarkes elswhere attempted and in diuers tongues countries and sortes handled Some hath shewed the benefite of the Bathes in Italie some in Germanie some of Spanie some of Afrike c. and that diuersele for diuers causes and sundrie effectes But there is not one that hath written of ours in England Brytayn sauing Doctor Turner who in his brief view as he him selfe confesseth and discourse of sundry Bathes hath remembred ours onely of Bathe albeit so barely as fewe or none is put therby to the consideracion of the full entents For he hath neither shewed the antiquitie cause of theyr heate reason of theyr force c. Nor what the persons that vse them ought to know and obserue all the which in this worke shal beneficially be noted But forasmuch as euery thing that is entreated of must fyrst be defined and distinguished seing that the propertie of euery definicion is to shew apparantly to the sences the matter entended that in such compendiouse fourme and ordre as what is néedfull it contayneth and what is superfluouse it leaueth as euery distinction in his propre braunches spreadeth therefore of Tullie chéefe of all latyne elegancy vsed the which although we be far inferyor yet in wyll to do that myght bée profytable nothing behynde Naturall bathes be those which flow thorow the bowels of the earth taking theyr effectes of the vertue of such things as they runne by and receue power of for many infirmities most auaylable Of these some be feruent hot some luke warme some betwene both some not at all some of Brimstone some of Allume some of Salt some of Copper some of Iron some of Lyme some of Leade some of Gould some of Siluer some of one kinde of commixtion of myneralles some of another and sundry of these are found with vs. Artificiall Bathes be those which bée made by knowledge in Phisike eyther for the dispersing of humours locked in the parts or els for the strengthening of the membres weakened eftesones to be renued of these also there be diuers kyndes of diuerse qualities and temperatures But bicause our entent is especyall to entreate of the bathes of the citie of Bathe in the countie of Somerset Albeit we wyll briefly touch Buckstones sainctt Vincents hallywell Fyrst edifyed by Bladud calling it after his owne name Kayer Blaidin and after Kayer Bathe as Matheus Westmonasteriensis sheweth agreing to our fyrst natiue tongue Brittysh now improprely called Welsh for Kayer signifyeth fortres or walled citie as is easye to be gathered by the monuments themselues in all partes of this lande of which for the better testimonie we shall recyte one or two omitting sixe hundred as they come fyrst too our remembrance beginning at the vttermost coÌ„fyne in the borders of Scotland although then and long after it was one monarche and tongue Kayer Leil the which as yet hath not lost the name of his founder Leil as if you would say Leils forte Likewyse Yorke was named after his fyrst builder Ebranck Kayer Ebrancke Ebrankes forte Westchester was fyrst called is yit with the Brittaynes Kayer Leon Gaur are dur dur of Leon Gaur that mightie Gyante ruler then of that soyle as if you would saye Leon Gaurs fortres vppon the water that is on the Riuer Hauon or water which the Sea ther ouerfloweth all that which the Brittish tongue and maner of the place confirmeth Moreouer fyrste more then two thousande yeares passed Excester was and yit is named in theyr Records Kayer pen Hoel coyd Howels chéefe fortres Kayer pen sant the forte of the head Sainct Kayer pen Ruthe the forte on the read head and lastely Kayer Yeske fortres on the Ryuer Yeske which now corruptly they call Exe. All the which at the request of maister Whoker of the sayd citie a gentill man not only of great learning but therewith for his vertues of great credyte I turned as you haue hard forth of the Brittish into the Saxon or English tongue at my fyrst being ther as may appeare in his hystorie dedicate to the same most elegaÌ„tly penned which before that was of none of the Saxon or English citizens vnderstanded nor of any other that I could learne Thus much I thought good to note albeit some perhaps wyll thinke it vnpertinet to the purpose propouÌ„ded leaping ouer the style before they come at it varyeng farre from our mynde in so doinge for we thinke it a matter very requisite as doth moste sort of the learned that such notable monuments be reuiued bicause some haue ben so doubtful of the Analogie of words which often be corrupted and no meruayle for vppon some parte of vs Brittaines fyrst tryumphed the Romaynes calling many things as them lyked Then the Pictes after them the Saxons then the Dans and lastly the Normains all sence Iulius Caeser his tyme euery sort séeking theyr owne fame and continual glory as they might 1 Ludhurdebras sonne of 2 Leâ—â—â— the sonne of 3 Brute Greaneshild the sonne of 4 Ebranc the sonne of 5 Memprice the sonne of 6 Madan the sonne of 7 Locrine after whom the Britaines or welsh mon call England Loygar the sonne of 8 Brute the fyrst reducer of this laÌ„d to a monar which arriued at Dodnes now called Totnes he builded London named it Troy neweth althogh our coÌ„mon cronicles cal it troy nouaÌ„t for lack of skil in the brittish tonge as they do totnes for the one signinifieth set nier in welsh brittish or corni the other new troy which was the sonne of 9 Siluius posthumus the sonne of 10 Ascanius the sonne of 11 Tros builder of Troy the puissant state which after held warres with all the mightie princes of Greece for .x. yeares .vi. monethes c. The sonne of 21 Erictonius the sonne of 13 Dardanus cauled the sonne of Iupiter as Dares Phrigius the Greake writer testifieth as I coÌ„iecture for a syr name of vertue by the name of god as the auÌ„cieÌ„t poets philosophers wer wont to cal good princes such others as their countreies did profet with some new befit for the coÌ„mon welth c. The sonne of 14 Cambablaston the sonne of 15 Altheus the sonne of 16 Tuscus the sonne of 17 Labien the sonne of 18 Messerain the sonne of 19 Cham the sonne of 20 Noe of whom sprang 72 generacions of Iaphet 15 of Sem. 27. of Cham. 30 of Cham and Iaphet discended the Gentiles on whome this Genealogie hetherto standeth The sonne of 21 Lamech the sonne of 22 Mathusal the sonne of 23 Enoch the sonne of 24 Iared the sonne of 25 Malalel the sonne of 26 Cainan the sonne of 27 Enos
receue the impression as the light by the brightnes cléernes of Diamonds Saphirs Cristal or such like strengthning the same but in these of thē afore aledged ther is no such aptnes of heating cooling moystning or drying or by any other meanes furthering the same as you may perceue by your own outward senses Beside these heat preserued becometh more mighty being ioyned to drynes then to moysture séeing drines doth whet sharpen heat contrariwise moisture doth dul it as you may also easely gather Lastly actuall fyre working vpon the water it self can not put into it a greater degrée of heat the water it self remayning then the degrée of feruent heate Experience doth verifye the supposition whereby it may be inferred that the waters of Bathes can not be brought to so great a degrée of heate by whot vapoures vnder the earth nor yit by their dashing from hyghe places and craggie for then the waters descendinge out of the cragged rockes in the hyghe hilles in Kayer Naruayne shyre there called VVithua and out of the rauen cragge in Cumbreland shuld through their longe course and violent tossinges become hote But experience proueth the contrarie therefore dashinge togyther and passage of the waters through stony places is not the immediate cause of the heate of the waters of Bathes Séeing that effecte lastly is fyre neyther be such vapours or dashinges matchable to fyre in heate so that from them such an heate can not procéede Wherefore it shal be shewed that if it be heated their heat shal bée by none other means but of fyre And séeing fire doth so heate it ensueth that in the bowels of the earth fire may be found Which as wée haue sayde shal be farther approued both by experience and reason Auicen and Auerhois do permit that Elements are formally in things mixed which thing we leaue worthy to bee graunted by their authoritie so that then thus wise we wil argue It is an harder thing for nature to be able to bringe forth in the bowels of the earth a thinge mingled perfyte then a thing simple perfecte when as a thing mingled thus wyse can not be produced without the simple séeinge it is presupposed but nature can do the first séeing it bringeth forth Golde Siluer Brimstone Salt peter Alume Iron and all other myneralles Ergo it can do the seconde ergo it can bring foorth fyre also And the cause of the beginninge of this fyre is none other then that which is assigned of Aristo in secundo meteo capite de terraemotu And it is an exhalacion hot and drye included in the concauities of the earth where it séeking a passage out and not fynding it is laboured being so laboured it is rarified and beinge rarifyed is kindled bycause great rarefaction standeth with great heate If therefore it happen that where such vapour is included and after the maner as is sayde inflamed if I say it happen that there be metal of Bitumen or Sulphur it is also kindled and the fyre is so longe preserued as the matter féeding it shal not fayle which matter féeding must now be searched out bycause it is not yit euident what it is and also many of those which doo followe the opinion of Aristo concerning the cause preseruing the fyre vnder the earth do disagrée although all do confesse that this fyre vnder the earth hath some subiect preseruing it and that thys fyre is the cause of the heate of the waters of Bathes hereafter shall appeare more euidently Iohannes de Dondis an excellent learned man and a pure Peripatetique hath made a very goodly treatice of the hot welles in the fielde of Padua and there amongst other questions hée moueth this Whence it is that the waters of Bathes doo springe hote hée aunswereth at the length with Arist and sayth that the cause is fyre vnder the earth and that such waters doo flowe perpetually hote bycause the fyre is perpetually preserued in those places vnder the earth after hée demaundeth what is the cause preseruing and aunswered wherevnto very ignorauntly Sanonarola cleaueth that it is heate excitated of the Starres in the face of the earth which heate hée affirmeth to bée not onely the cause preseruing but also the efficient as it were and the materiall and subiect of the fyre hée supposeth to bée an exhalation hote and drie that is wynde And bycause the wynde is still ministred therfore that especially fyre is perpetually preserued and perpetually heateth the waters Afterward he demaundeth of the place of that fyre vnder the earthe sayth that it is not nye the centre of the earth bicause then it would easily bée corrupted for the earth is ther most pure and therfore the vertue doth more florish so that it is most colde neither is the place of the fyre vnder the brimme of the Earth for if it were ther conteyned it would burne vp the plantes and whatsoeuer is in the face of the same and therfore he concludeth that it is in the middle hollownesses betwene these two extremes that is béetwene the centre and the face of the earthe he addeth that this place where the fyre lyeth is distant from the face of the earth .xxx. Myles whereby it appeareth that he woulde haue the Sunne to perse the earth by the space of .xxx. Myles But this opinion is false bicause if the beames of the Sunne should kéepe fyre vnder the earth it must fyrst passe thorough the face of the earth then passe part after part vntill it come to that especiall heate and so afore it come to that fyre it would burne whatsoeuer is found on the superficies of the earth But admit that this heauenly heate passing thorough the superficies of the earth do not burne all that it encountreth yet it wyll not preserue that fyre bycause seing it is .xxx. myles distant from the superficies of the earth as he sayth toward the centre before the heate excitated of the Sunne beames come thether it will bée so flacke that it wyll not bée warme therefore the opinion of Ioannes is false Againe if fyre vnder the earth that is this flame and especiall heate were perpetually preserued of the heauenly heate it would ensue that in colde Regions waters of Bathes wold not be hot but in hot Regions they would be most feruent hot bicause in colde regions ther is but small reflexion of the beames of the Sunne for which cause they be cold Therfore the heate of the Sunne in them can not bée so hot that it should minister too the fyre vnder the earth so strong an heate but in the hot Zone ther shold not only be so great an heate that those waters should bée most hot but also all things should bée burned But dayly experience proueth the contrary also the authoritie of Matten Curtesse in his booke of Nauigacion to Charles the fith Monarche If therefore the heauenly heate were the cause of heate vnder the earth in cold climates hot waters
of fower yeares they shal finde agayne as great plenty as afore whereby it is sufficient to feede fyre continually when as continually it is engendred and by the same reason for euer preserueth the bathes Lastely if it be obiected that if so great fyre be preserued vnder the earth that it may cause the waters to come forth so hote it should followe that where such hote bathes were there should bée vomica and a chimney out of whiche that flame shuld bée expelled I say it is not néed to ymagine that this flame is equall in all places but in some places is great in some small and therefore where it is greatest there it bursteth out and where it is small the smoke passeth out togyther with the water as at bathe which smoke smelleth there of the nature of sulphur howbeit in other places it may bée of bitumen and that smoke is made bothe bicause the sulphur and bitumen haue in them a porcion of earth melted and hence it is that this fyre may be longe preserued bicause it is a sound matter I call it sounde bycause both brimstone and bitumē be it neuer so pure and myngled haue alwayes earth mingled withall wherevpon although in some places the fire bée not great bycause it is in a sounde subiect which with his soundnes doth long endure the flame also endureth longe Therefore the matter by which fyre is fed in places vnder the earth is sulphur eyther pure or else commixed with his owne earth or else bitumen or some kinde thereof as Fallopius moste reasonably affyrmeth where you that bee learned if this suffise you not may reade further to content you That the metalles of bitumen or Sulphur doo take the beginninge of their heate of wynde inflamed in the places vnder the earth it is shewed But howe the waters do waxe hote thorowe that heate receyued in the Metalles and where that flame is conteyned wée muste nowe séeke séeing it is not euydent enough Therefore there bée in this thinge two opinions one of Agricola that the waters waxe hote bicause there is in the same conduite with the waters both fyre and coles by which they do waxe hot and the opinion is most lyke to be true and partly true bicause we sée with the water passing forth that some of the metal passeth forth and remaineth on the froth in which the water boyleth at Bath and this could not be except the fyre and water wer contayned in one and the same conduite The other is the opinion of Empedocles propounded vnto vs of Seneca that the waters be hot not bicause they passe thorough the burning metall as Agricola supposed but bicause they passe thorough places vnder which there is fyre kyndled togither with the metalles Which opiniō séemeth good enough For we haue in the springes of Buckston certaine well springes into which water entreth cold bicause they come not of one conduite but when it is ther commixed it waxeth hot which thinge wée can not saye too bée done through brimstone or bitumen there kindled and burning séeinge there appeareth neyther any metal nor fyre but wée must suppose that this is only done bycause the metall burneth vnder those conduites the water there is altogyther putable and yet do breake out hote as you haue heard which thing should not be if they waxed hote through their passage through metalles fyred but they would necessarily haue the smell and taste and some substance of that metall which as I haue saide they altogyther lacke therfore wée must say that they be not only in vse too bée dronke and to make meats of but also they wash their finest linnen whit and be more whyter than with the Ryuer water harde by and yet they breake out whote bycause they gette heate of the Stones by which they passe vnder which Stones ther is fyre kindled in any of the mettalles aforesayd This opinion of Empedocles Vitruuius a man of greate experyence confyrmeth what then must we suppose in this thing I lay that the meane by which waters do wax hote is two foulde both already propounded one verily propounded of the mynde of Agricola and the other of Empedocles for some are heated bicause they passe thorough stonie places vnder which ther is fyre kindled and burning in the metall of brimstone or bitumen neyther are these stones therfore turned into chalke that one myght iudge or into ashes bicause they can not be disgested or bicause the heat is slack and lytle and so greate onely as may heale the stones and waters or bicause if it be much it is farre distāt from those stones And other doe waxe hot bicause they passe thorough the mettall it selfe fyred and burning as Agricola supposed you may gather of these two wayes by which waters doe waxe hot the cause why some of the waters of bathes break out most hote as the hote bath at Bath other meanly hot as the crosse bath other betwen both as the kings bath other warme as Buckstones other cold as at Halliwel in Flint shyre called in brittish Fannon Onen Freny which yit be bath waters and haue a medicinable force facultie Therfore the causes of these differences are two that is smalnesse and distance of the fyre for if heate being in the conduytes be much and strong and that water maketh his iourney not very long before it breake out of the earth it wyll flow most hote but if the fyre be lytle and the iourney long it wyll be warme If the fyre be much the iourney meanely long it wyll be meanely hot as contrarily if the fyre be lytle and the iourney most short bicause the water should keape the whole heate which it hath receaued And the contrary happeneth if it take a long iourney bicause in the passage some heate euaporateth continually After the same maner you may saye of water which doth not waxe hote thorow fyre béeing in the conduytes but by reason of hote stones vnder which there is fyre kindled in the metalles and that may be little or much and neare or farre of those stones and so the heate of the waters shal be varied by reason of the next situation or the flame farre of as also by reason of the smalnesse or muchnesse of the same to which you must adde the long or short iorney which the water it selfe maketh before it breake out of the earth for it may be that fyre to be much and neare the water flowing ouer and yit the water wil passe forth warme or lue warme or cold bicause the water hath lost all that heat in the long iourney as in Buckstones bathes benefyte you may reade Hitherto we haue shewed that Bathes be hote alwayes bicause the fire is continuall and that the fyre is continuall bicause new féeding may be ministred and that the féeding is alwayes ministred bicause in places vnder the earth there is matter of which it may be engendred Moreouer it hath appeared how that fyre hath bin
wold not flow but alwaies cold in hot regions they wold burst out most hot yit the consequeÌ„t is false bicause ther are found hot Bathes in the cold countreyes as is shewed afore Also in the féeld of Lukes ther be most hot bathes although that place all the yeare for the most is couered with snow as testifieth Fallopius what néede we séeke examples so far of our countrey is colder then Italy and yit at Bathe S. Vincents and Buckestones alwaies they flow hot But if the heaueÌ„ly heat wer ther so reflected snow would fyrst be melted But that is not so for the snow sometime continueth longer sometime shorter Let it bée that the Sunne beames may be hot in the face of the earth by Antyparistasis yit ther can not be so great Antyparistasis that so great heat should be excitated for that ther is not such Antiparistasis made in the sommer Agayne if the opinion of Ioannes should be true the discoÌ„modities which are aforesayd should ensue of the opinions of theÌ„ which did say that the waters of Bathes were hot thorough the heate of the sunne and wynd Moreouer the opinion of Dondis appeareth false by that that he supposeth one thing very false that the heate of the sunne heateth vnder the earth xxx miles which thing is most false For at our being in Wookie hole besydes Wels and in Poole hole besyde Buckstones in the chéefe of sommer those places were ryght colde yet not half a myle from the Sodde or turphe of the earth Also Theophrast in his history of plantes affyrmeth that the rootes of trées or plants do stretch so far into the ground as the heate of the Sunne doth perse where also hée sheweth that some sayde that the rootes of trées did counteruayle the length of one foote and an halfe which opinion there also hée confuteth worthely for it is more then manifest that many trées do take deaper root as the oke trées pyne trées larnix trées fir trées ash trées plane trées with infinit others howbeit of the leÌ„gth of the roots of the plane trées he reciteth for a miracle bicause it stretcheth direct dounward vnder the earth 33 foot which in other trées do not although they bee perhaps longer Therefore séeing the rootes of trées do descende no déeper then 33. foote and that also to be miraculouse it plainly proueth that the beames of the sunne can not perse déeper séeing the heat of the sunne vnder the earth hée would make the cause of their length and of the heat of the waters of Bathes which are proued to flowe out of déeper places Therefore the opinion of Iohannes de Dondis is altogither false Other some there bée followinge the Peripatetiques that would the cause of the fire to be a subiecte féeding such fyre perpetually which alwayes preserueth itself but afterward what that féeding should bée their is a discord betwéene them Some of them saye it is Allume and the reason with which they are moued is bicause the fyre is perpetuall and necessarely ther is required some sound nourishement which should last longe and that they saye is Allume bicause it is hard and compacte of substance It can not easely be consumed Vitruuius was the Authour of this opinion in his eight booke But this opinion is false for there is onely a double substance which may bée the nourishement of this fyre one truly oylie and fattie and the other thin â—orye replenished with much ayer but the one easly catcheth fyre long kepeth it the other although it be easly kindled yet it keepeth not the fyre long as it appeareth in styxes strawe chaffe kindled and like matter Let vs now sée whether Allume as some would haue it may bée reduced to the one or the other or noe truely I can not see how it may be reduced to the firste séeinge it hath no oylie thing in it nor fattie nor to the second because allume is of a stonie substance although it bée drie yit that dryenesse is earthy not ayery And if it should be in the fyre xx yeares it would neuer be inflamed as you may proue if you will not beleue mée Wherfore the opinion of Vitruuius is false Georgius Agricola in his booke which hée hath written De subterraneis which is truly a very fayre and most learned booke as be all the other which that learned man hath diuulgated sayeth that the subiect preseruing fyre vnder the earth is Bitumen for to this he sayeth some thing muste be subiect and the féeding of this fyre is required to be fattie that it may easely be taken with fyre and this is not desired in bitumen as it appeareth of Naphta wherof commeth our petrae oleum which is a kinde of bitumen and if it shall bée new it catcheth the flame from farre so that in the fields of Mutina sayeth Fallopius where it is gathered plentifully it is necessary for them which gather it to leaue their candle farre from the place wher they do gather it and they gather it in certayne places vnder the earth vnto which they goe downe by many steps and they be most darke places so that they are constrayned to carrie with them a light Therfore séeinge bitumen may easely be kindled and is plentifully found in places vnder the earth as plenty of Naphta gathered in the aforesayd place doth shewe it is very like that it is the subiect féeding such fyre Secondly Agricola addeth and this marke yée sayeth Fallopius that when the heate of waters of Bathes is so great and sometyme they burst out most plentifuly sayeth Agricola we can not saye that the fire which heateth them should be vnder the conduytes of those waters for they would not so waxe hote but it is necessary to saye that the fire is in the conduytes where the bitumen it selfe is Of which thing it is an argument that no matter can be found which may be kindled burne in water sauing bitumen which also if you powre on water burneth neuer the lesse you may also trye this with Camphyre which according to some is a kind of bitumen For if you kindle it and caste it kindled into the water you shall sée that it will burne no worse then if it were without water wherefore when Bitumen doth burne in water it séemeth to be sayde that fyre heating the waters is in the conduyts and not vnder them Likewise this opinion may bée confirmed of the propertie of bitumen bycause it doth not onely burne in the water but is also nourished of the water for it draweth a certayn humiditie of the water which it turneth into the nature of it selfe and it is the cause that it doth endure longe prooue you this I pray you taking a droppe of it and you shall sée the Naphta kindled and dure so longe that it may be maruaylouse which could not be except the féeding of that flame were encreased by the humiditie of the water which Naptha draweth and chaunging
kindled what it is wher the heate heating the waters is contayned wée haue likewyse shewed the cause why some waters do breake oute hote some colde more or lesse and wée haue confuted the opinions of diuers Philosophers and haue shewed how they resulte c. Nowe it followeth that we shewe of what natures such waters be and after what sorte they be cōmixed I finde thrée maners of mixtions in waters of bathes for there be some which haue so farre commixed with thē those things which they containe that those things are made one body with the substāce of the water one forme hath resulted out of thē such things whether they be metallique or other cā not be seperated frō the substance of the water but in a very long tyme a most strong cōcoction or mutacion comming out such maner of mingling is that which doth giue gret integritie maketh thē durable this therfore is the first maner of mixtiō which may be cōsidered in the waters of bathes Another is that there are some waters which haue receiued metalles in the concauities of the earth as they flow yet those metalles are not wel commixed as we presuppose at Buckstons so that of the metalles and the water there resulteth one body by one forme as we haue said in the first maner of mixtion but they bée rather confounded with the waters The thirde is meane betwéene both for there are some waters which are partly mixed in déede with the waters which they do containe partly not commixed as S. Vincents but confounded as we haue sayd aboue But we haue not decréed to speake at large of the commixtions of al bathes but onely in a word or two of our baths of Bathe and what the mineralles be supposed there commixed or infunded in the course of those waters by the qualities wherof procéedeth their effectes medicinable which in my iudgement can in no way more certainly bée approued then by the properties and that the collour smell and taste best approueth The colloure of the waters of the bathes of bathe is swartie greene or marble yellowe the yellownes of the brimstone mingled with the water making a sussible couloure Albeit coulour maketh little or rather nothing to the knowledge of the facultie as Montan. hath most excellently shewed libro de componendorum facultatibus For many things of coulour whyte be found mere contrarie in operation as for example Snow is very cold and chalke is very hot yet eyther of them is most whyte The smell of the bathes of Bathe and S. Vincents is of brimstone as the artificiall bathes that bée made thereof howbeit neyther smell also maketh much to the knowledge of the propertie for it litle forceth whether they smel swetly or otherwise for of swéete smellinge and ill sauouringe things ye shall fynd many of diuers natures altogither neuerthelesse of these some coniecture may be made yet that is vncertayne and not perpetual of tast therefore shall wée entreat Theion chibur sulphur is sharpe and stinging of taste especially if you as the Chimistes do destill it into oyle or water of qualitie whit drie in the fourth degrée as partly by his quicke burning may appeare and of thynne essence And vnto this taste sayeth Montane we must onely trust for thorow it may be perceyued not only the temperaturs of simple medicines in heate colde moysture and dryenes hauing strength from the first faculties as Galen sheweth but also all other vertues as of wiping deuiding opening cutting expelling and such lyke the fittest instrument the truest touchestone of all properties trying both toucheable and tasteable qualities Taste I saye therefore aboue all other senses as all the learned Phisicions affyrmeth is too bée trusted of which so great occasion being gyuen wée can not but speake somwhat with that worthy scholler Melancton lib. de Anima First defyning what taste organ and obiect is Taste truely is a sense of féeling which in the tongue or ruffe of the mouth tryeth sauours Sauour or smacke is a perfect straining of the drie part of the humoure wrought by heate Instrument or organ is a skinne pellicle or philme stretched in the ouer part of the tongue vnder the roufe and hallowe fleshe full of holes like a sponge Obiect of taste is a qualitie in iuyce in which moysture ouercōmeth dryenes earthy heat digesting them both Of tastes ther be seuē simple iii. hote iii. cold the eight which the gréekes cal apoios tasteles without qualitie is rather a priuacion then that it might séeme to be taken any kinde of taste as for the wine fattie tastes they are applyed to the swéetest althogh Plinie in hist plant addeth vnto these suauē acutum albeit in my iudgement dulcis contayneth suauem and acris acutum of this iudgement is Theophrastus Montan. Mont. vi C. other truly they be in nūber these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcis calid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 acidus frigid 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Salsus 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 austerus  2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Amarus 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 acerbus  3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acris 3.    gradu   4.     Swéet hote 1. degrée Sooner cold 1. degrée Salt in 2. in the 2. Bitter the 3. Rouge 3. Sharpe  4. Harshe 4. The swéete taste is sayeth Montane in comen de simpli medicament qualit that which is lightly gathered delighting and pleasing the sense of the instrument arguinge an earthy dryenes temperatly excocted and not parched sometime with an ayrie moysture sometime with a watery therfore moderately warming not much moysteninge or drying nay it shall easely be turned to nourishement and alwayes such kinde of strength or vertu shall procéed from the swéete taste if it be simple but if it bée ioyned with other tastes as to the bitter or sharpe it shall bringe foorth mingled vertues the scope of our purpose for the qualities of the Bathes The Salte taste is that which perseth and byteth the tonge bringing a certayne kinde of féeling of heate by reason of earthy dryenes in a watery moysture thorow much heate deminished and by such a qualitie you may haue the force of heating drying and persynge to the depth bicause of much watery moysture mingled therewith The bitter taste is that which séemeth to shunne away from the tongue something arguing a farre greater deminishing of earthy substāce thorow heate thā in the salt tast therfore it shall haue a greater force of heating drying The sharpe taste is that which not onely doth byte the tongue but also dryeth setteth on fire as it were burneth arguing an earthy drynes perfectly diminished by heat and almost turned into the nature of fyre therefore it heateth thinneth and dryeth exquisitely also burneth consumeth Now for example of the swéete taste Sugar honie clarified or destilled honie suckles c. Of the salt tast Salt salt péeter Sal
gemme salt water Bryne the salt sea c. Of the bitter Aloes Wormewood Gaule c. Of the sharpe Pellitorie of Spayne Brimstone Arsemart otherwyse called water pepper c. The sower taste doth manyfest an earthy substance not wholly ouer boyled by heate yet somewhat deminished which substance is mingled with very much earthy moysture therfore such a medicyne doth coole and drye The rough taste shall temperatly set on edge and stoppe declaring that in earthie substance cold and drye hath souereignitie in this simple qualitie yet somewhat lesse thē the harrish taste The harrish taste shall expresse great vneauenes in so much that it may seme to cōsume the moysture of the tongue arguing a manifest force of earthie substance in that simple very litle ouerboyled by heat worthily therfore termed cold and drye Now for example of the harrish taste we must trye it in vnrype hedge peares vnrype medlers sloes c. Of the rough taste in Mirtilles in vnrype Gaules in the rindes of pomegranates Of the sowre taste in vnrype Grapes in Sorrell in Vergis Syder made with wyld aples c. But héere I would wyshe that you should not thinke I meane so absolutelie of the simple tastes but that they may be ioyned with any one of the other tastes one two or thrée more tastes as in the waters of the bathes Neuerthelesse we giue the name to the tast most sensiblie felt which compound tasts as briefly as is possible we will expresse If the harrish taste be adioyned to the sharp that medicine at the fyrst dash shall séeme a litle to heate bicause that power of heate is buryed or hidde in much earthie and grosse substance but when thorough inward heate it shall be perfectly brought to acte then moste strongly it heateth so that it consumeth and corrupteth the flesh and partes which chaunceth bicause heate ioyned too a grosse and earthy substance is most stubburne and seruent as in red hot Iron But if this harsh taste bée mingled with the swéete taste then it shal be meane betwen heating and cooling and shall so much enclyne to the one or the other as it shal haue the more of eyther of the tailes And this strength it shall haue of the harsh tast that it may stoppe and make strong of the swéete taste it shall haue the power that it may linnow smooth and fynely lewse and so it shal be compounded of sundry contrary qualities yealdinge therfore sundrye effects But if the harrish taste be adioyned to the bitter it can not excede in the extreemest excesse And by reason of harrishnes it shall haue power of strengthening and binding by reason of swéetnes power to clense and open c. But if the rough taste be ioyned with sharp bicause th one is found in a grosse and earthy dry the other in ayery and fyry earth it shall haue the power of vehement heatinge dryeng persing and burning c. All the which operations wher they be apposyte we ought alwayes to vnderstande that the one or the other is done more or lesse according as the one or the other haue preheminence which rule in euery taste ought to be kept aswell in euery simple as in any compound which Montane most excellentlie as he doth all things hath expressed Commentario primo de simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus But now bicause those our bathes of Bathe receaue theyr chéefe vertues from Brimstone whose taste is sharpe a woorde or two of the sharpe taste and so to the other myneralles therein Sharpe taste as saith Cardanus de rerum varietate lewseth the hould of the tongue thorow the distemperance of heate by reason wherof of al tastes it most molesteth not as taste but of the qualitie therein but so doth not the swéete salte nor the bitter For simple swéete is but meanly hote or rather temperate in the fyrst degrée Simple Salte in the second degrée Simple bitter in the thyrd degrée Simple sharpe in the fourth degree And there be no more degrées nor no more tastes the argue heate The fyrst degrée as sayth Montanus commentario primo de simpl med facult sensiblie changeth The second a féeling payne payne bringeth The thyrd effectuallie changeth with manifest signe of greefe The fourth both sence and temperature fynisheth These things this expressed verye easilie and most sensiblie aproueth the propreties of these bathes which thorow theyr operacion draw corrupt humours from the deapthe of the sound membres expelling them forth in vapours heating concocting and dissoluing spéedilie as Hippocrates lib. de internis affectibus and Dioscorides and Galen do testifie But hauing therwith Copper Iron and Marquesite a litle Whose qualities and substances we haue séene seuered and tried aswell by the Chimistes and Fyners in London Cornewall Cumbreland and Ireland in the company of our Q. Maiesties Secretarie of Irelande Iustice of the Admyraltie Warden of hir highnes Mynes Iohn Challoner a gentleman not onely excellent in all the Mathematicall Sciences but also in Chimistie Phisike and euery part of Phylosophie as also by our owne industrie as is on the hilles betwene Marshféelde and Bathe and other hilles about Dunkerton a lordship of the ryght worshipfull M. Bamféeld of Paltemore in Deuonshire certainly a worthy housekeper whose prayses all the countreys sounde so that it wer but in vain for me to extol thē from whēce it may be presupposed runneth vnder the hilles this natural spring of the Baths For heare there as they haue digged of late for stones in their Quarries on the hils sydes they haue found thē so hot that they were not able to abyde to digge any deaper by reason of fyre in the depth the onely efficient cause of the hot bathes of Bathe the which most sensiblie confyrmeth the opinion of Arist Sauonarola and Fallopius and ours concerning the fyre in the earth and not to be thorow Magique as the long receaued errours of certayne wryters hath sought to persuade that by magical coniuracion those Bathes wer made hot a persuasiō most detestable vaine as by that you haue hard may be perceaued altogither the illusiō of the infernal wicked spirits to the end to peruert vs frō god to giue the glory from our merciful redeamer to thē moste wicked sins continuing in theyr damnable destructiō of theyr fyrst offēce frō whom the holy Trinitie defend vs to whom beal laude power dominion Empyre for euer euer Amen These mineralles séeme yet to requyre some thing to bée spoken of theyr qualities tastes and effects Fyrst of Copper which of taste is bitterysh rough arguing therefore a fretting and drying force and therwith clensing in the béeginning of the second degrée Secondly Iron roughish harsh doth bynd and dry as it appeareth not only by the electuary dayly in vse named Scoria ferri but also by the Smithes water that they quench theyr Iron in which is good to bée 〈◊〉 of thē that haue an issue of bloud By the which you may gather
it might be done supposing these will serue to giue the wise and learned patient matter sufficient to consult with the Phisition of wherby that which is according to nature may be preserued and ayded and those things which be against Nature expelled the scope of Phisicke as is shewed Elementum is a simple and most pure bodie and the best parte of that wherein it is can not be deuided into any other kind and of it all things naturall haue their beginning without al generacion or corruptiō Howbeit of Fire made thicke commeth Ayre Of Aire made thick commeth vvater Of vvater made thick cōmeth Earth And yit here is neither corruptiō nor generation of the whole For this is but a mutation of the parts onely And the consent and agrement of them is the fyre with the Ayre in heate in drynes with the Earth in moisture the Aire with the water in heate with the fire in coldnes the water with the earth and in moisture with the ayre the earth in drines with the fyre and in coldnes with the water as the water to the fyre is extreme contrary so is the aire to the earth Elementes foure Fyre Absolutelie hot and moderately dry Ayre Absolutely moist and moderately hot vvater Absolutely cold moderatly moist Earth Absolutely dry and moderatly cold Temperamentum is a tēpering of diuers qualities of the foure Elements in one body Temperaments or complections .ix. Simple Hot. Actiue Cold. Actiue Moist Passiue Dry. Passiue Compound Hot and dry Hot and moist Cold and moist Cold and dry Tēperate Of all alike as it were by waight the very trew and iust complection but as hard to be found as Plato his Idea or Arist summum bonum or as the the prouerbe is a black Swan Neuertheles he that will iudge trew of complexions must alwayes haue in his imagination the aforesayd perfect temperament Humors which may be called the sonnes of Elements is a part contained subsisting the bodie Humors foure Naturall Blud Temperate norishing the body contained in the vains swetish raigning in the spring Flewme Cold and moist sowpling the drie and hard parts without proper mācion tastles raigning in winter Choler Hot and drie clensing and quickning conteined in the gall bitter raigning in sommer Melācholie Cold and dry staying and binding contained in the Splene sower raigning in haruest Vnnatural as Blud distempered with other humors Flewm waterie glassie slimie plastoie salt sower harsh rugh Choler Citrine yelkie like cankrie And eueri day they are thus moued as the blud betwen the ninth houre at night and iij. in the morning Choler betwen iiij ix afore none Melācolie betwen ix and .iij. Flewme betwen iij. ix at night Membres are bodies that are ingendred of the fyrst commixtion of humours Members Spermatike as Braine synewes Kells bones grissels c. Simple as Skin fatte flesh muscles fillets guts veins artires Synowes chords gristles bones tunicles c. Sanguine as Liuer hart kidnes Milt fatte flesh c. Compound as Hed. Armes Legs Principal as Hart braine Liuer stones Officiall as Synowes seruing the brain Artires seruing the hart Veins seruing the Liuer Vessels spermatike seruīg the stons Instrumētall as Stomake Rayns. Bowels Great synewes c. ¶ Herewith see that you consider the composition the complexion the substance the quantitie the number the figure the operation the vse the disease in part in all the mēbres Facultas facultie or power is the cause of doing thas which is don as the vvater is the cause of the while going about Faculties or power s. Animal Ordeineth discernith composith Mouith by voluntarie will. Sentith wherof procedeth the fiue wits Vital working delating and wraining the artires vvrought which is stirred by an exterior cause wherof com̄mith subtiltie prouidēce Natural Doth minister Apetite Retaineth Digestith Expelleth Is ministrid Ingendreth Norishith Feedeth Actio et opus doing working is that which by the power is don as the wheate conuerted to meale is the grist of the mill Action or operation Vital Mouith mirth sadnes hope trust feare dispaire loue hatred mercie enuie wrath wodnes wildnes stobernes humanitie Empire glorie victorie c. Natural Altereth Ioineth Formith Animal Aaprehendeth Fantasieth Imagineth Opinioneth Cōmonsenteth In the two former ventricles Iudgeth Estemeth Thinketh Disposith In the middle vētricle Remembrith Knoweth calleth to memory in the hinder part Spiritus is an ayrie substance subtile stirring the powers of the bodie to performe their operation euen as a prince doth his counsel and as the counsell doth the subiects euery one according to hys vocation and to that is limited by nature wherin was neuer sene rebellion but euery inferior redy to serue his superior a paterne of a heauenly common weale and for euery reasonable bodie to note obserue although he were an Ethemek how much rather then of Christians euery faithfull manne knoweth Spirits Natural From the Liuer taketh his beginning and by the veines which haue no pulse dispersith in to all the hole bodie Vital From the hart procedeth and by the artires or pulses is sent in to all the hole body Animal From the braine is ingendred and is sent by the sinewes throughout the body and maketh sence or feeling c. ¶ Now that you haue here in this Table noted vnto you the things wherof the Natural bodies is made with the powers and actions of the same so likewise folowith the things not naturall so called bycause they be in parcel of the natural body and yet by the temperance of them the body being in health so consisteth and yet by the distemperance of them sicknes is induced and the body dissolued THese things well waied being the things wherof we are framed the subiect of phisike as the frame of an house is the subiect of the Carpēter wyl vs to looke in the Table of the .vi. things not natural by what meanes we are héere cōtinued maintained as therin further is shewed for other wise what auailed a lump not of an howers life to be produced or so many good lawes and holsome precepts appointed for the good preseruacion educacion bothe of ould yong and auoyding of contagiouse infection aswell from princely mancion as from citie towne and Garrison prohibicion and admission of victualles fit and vnfyt for nouryshment the which if all were hab nab as fooles vse to comyn other ouerbould in abusing theyr eloquence to take from vs in indifferent thinges our frée election seing God nature to them that be framid according to nature not impedited in the actions of the partes to them belonging may as the wyse man sayth vse fyre and water at theyr discresion with eche other thing in this lyfe to them in euery sort méete and decent not forgetting to giue God chéefe prayse for all things yet not in such sort as the Puritanes but better we may terme them pinis precisians vse who would haue that no man deserueth be his acts euer so
good any thāks for them wherby consequently they would defraud Princes of dewtie to them belonging for theyr wel gouerning of theyr subiects in vnitie and equitie Gods appointment so gradatim frustrat ech man of merite for his wel doing in his calling not remēbring the god therby is more glorified yit puritanes are they named pure I wold they wer But how puretie they may agrée the distain al the works of men as filthie they thē selues being men you may easely sée we graūt that ther is not one so pure as he shold be yit in puretie al do not agrée neither is pureti therbi excluded frō the saints of god he is pure to whom god imputeth not his iniquitie he is pure in worldly pollicie who offendeth not the laws of any maiestie god graūt that so pure we be found when we are called to the one or the other for tryall of our puretie and then shall we be happy the which kinde of puretie euery man that feareth God and loueth honestie will séeke to obserue most vigilantlie BVt now fearing least all sortes can not attain to the perfect meaning of these our Tables and they in especiall who altogither bée ignorant in Phisike therefore wée haue prouided these signes folowing in compendiouse order forthe of the Table which in euery sicknes are taken as sayth Ioannes Almener lib. de lue Hisp eyther of things not naturall of things naturall or of things against nature Of thinges not naturall as in what ayer the pacient hath remayned what meates and drynkes hée hath vsed what exercyse he hath practised what filling what empting what sleape what watch hée hath sustained what ioye what sorow and so lykewse of other things Of thinges naturall as of what complexions humours membres powers operacions and spirytes To these may may bée added the inquierie of the things annexed to nature as age region custome climate strength arte c. Of things against nature sicknes cause and accident and that thrée maner of wayes of the operacion hurte of the qualitie altered of things expelled changed Of the operacion hurte by thrée meanes eyther animall vitall or naturall Of the animall two wayes motiue and sensitiue Sensitiue also two wayes inwardly and outwardly Example of the motiue as how it may be moued according to the whole and according to the partes Example of the outwarde Sensitiue as bow hée dothe sée heare smell and touch as what gréefe he féeleth what taste THE TABLE OF THE SEVEN THINGS NOT NATVRAL Aire Good. Bad. Owt brethid from the North prolongeth lyfe Out of the East purging ill vapours Ouer sandie grauelie chalkie chempie soyle Needfull therefore to a Phisicion that hee bee a Cosmographer well traueled and an Astronomer Out of the Sowth with filling vapours Out of the VVest causing mutation which naturally dryeth and Thorough the inflammation of sundrie starres as when the pockes first preuayled at the siege of Naples 1494. when the planets Saturne Mars Venus wer in cōiunction with Scorpio Also great standing waters neuer refreshed dichis vnclēsed corps of liuing things vnburied many people in places vnclensed lying remayning in small roome c. Meats and drinks Good. Bad. Of light digestion and holsom norishment as Bread of vvheat Drinke of Ale Beere Gascoine vvine c. Neither to new nor to olde to thick nor to thin to sweete or to sower c. Flesh of meane age neither to rammish nor vnclenlei c. Fowles clouen footed Fish scalie of fresh water and that be firme and sound of the salt water Frewts ripe that be neither to sweete nor to sower to harsh nor to bytter to sharp nor to rough and herbes in like maner Of hie disgestion and of euill norishment as Bread of pulse and other vnholsome graine pawled drincks and others to new or to stale Fustie and musty wines old flesh muddy fishe whole sooted fowles raw herbes and frewtes Meates of sundrie qualities excessiuelie vsed how they hurt as Cold doth congele and mortifie Moist do putrifie and hasten age Dry sucketh vp naturall moisture Clammie stoppeth the vrine waies and the powers ingendringe tugh fleame and grauell Salt and oilie swimith long in the stomacke causing lothsomnes Bitter doth not norish Salt swelleth more the stomacke Harrish doth stop and restraine Sweete thicketh and chafith the blood filling and stopping the vaines ingendring corrupt sicknesses Sower cooleth nature hasting age c. Meats of sondrie qualities moderately vsed how they profit as Cold asswageth burning choler Moist moistenith that which is dried Drie consumeth superfleus moisture Clammie thickith that which is subtile and persing Bitter clensith and wipeth of also molifieth and expellith fleme Salt relentith fleame clammie and drieth it Fatte norisheth and maketh soluble Rough and stiptike bindeth and comforteth apetite Sweete doth clense dissolue and nourish Sleepe and vvatch Good as That which agreeth with the cōplexion of the bodie and that which is done in dewe time manner and length c. Sanguine vi houres Flegmatique vii houres Colerike v. houres Melancolique foure houres at the least profitable to Concoction Distribution Aglutenation Nutricion Consolidation Bad as That which is more than agreeth with nature cause time age region sicknes diet custome c. In the day time for both if they excede be euill saith Hip. as well sleepe as watch Immediately after meate On the backe afore digestion causing many disseases by reason those things that should be auoyded by the proper clensing wayes called Emunctories be let slippe contrarie sayth Montanus engendring the stone palsie goutes crampes numnes forgetfulnes c. Labour and rest Vehement labour That which prouoketh panting as any bodily labor c. Moderate labour That which trewly altereth breth c. Profitable as After vehement labour great euacuation long sicknes immediatly after meate at times accustomed and according to the strength of the body Hurtfull as Refusing labor at times accustomed the meate disgested body clensed and the actions requiring it Emptines repletion Emptying naturall as According to custome and complexion as By the vertues actions powers and faculties as The excrements of the first digestion by the bowels the excrements of the seconde digestion by the wayes of vrine the watrie parte seperated by the Reynes the earthy part by the ways of the Splene and the Sperme by the side wayes the excrements of the third digestion by the powers of the skin which wee call sweate fumes vapours c. Emptying contrary to nature as The vertue accustome complection lost diminished or depraued VVhen the sicke knoweth not their departure VVhen he knoweth and yet can not retaine it VVhen it keepeth neyther accustomed tyme qualitie quantitie nor order c. Emptying artificiall or not natural by Diet. Medicine Chirurgerie by Diet in absteyning from nourishing things Medicines hauing power of purging Chirurgerie thorow opening the veynes artiers skin flesh c. Scarifying pricking launsing c. Repletiō or fulnes two wayes Qualitie Quantitie simple without humor
or with this liniment in Latine for the Apotecaries in English for your better vnderstaÌ„ding R. Vnguenti popul Olei Nemipharis Croci Opii ana s.d. ointmeÌ„t of popular buddes of water lilies of saffron of opium eche halfe an vnce eyther thrée graines analsr z. Mingle them and anoynt the foreheade but if that suffice not anoynt the wristes and the palmes of the féete an hower after supper take this drinke R. Serapii de papauere ana s.d. Nemipharae  Aquae lactucae one vnce Syrupe of Poppie of eche halfe Of water Lillies an vnce Of water of Lettuse one vnce Commixed take it going to sléepe milke warme Thyrst is thus remedied thrée partes of water one of wyne but better with Barlie water or with prunes boyled well in the water of Violettes The payne of the head is thus eased Assatae radicis Chamomillae  Bellidlis Ana. manip i d. Sweat Assa Chamomill  Dasis of eche halfe a handfull Those boyle in Lixiuium or lie and applie it eyther too the head or wash it therwith rouling with warme clothes your head suffering it to drie of it selfe To make the bodie soluble take the cleare whey of milke after the chease is made mingling therwith honie and suger or els decocte them and drink the quantitie of a Gill or a pinte fasting eschuing the bath for that daie pottage of the meate of Gromell Gotes mylke and wyne of mirtles doth meruailousely profet which is thus made Receaue the toppes or buddes of the leaues the fruite of mirtilles of eche an handefull brused boyled in Gascoigne wyne to the consumpcion of the thyrd parte being strayned drinke a draught so that the wether be not hot nor the partie chollerique nor apt to feuers But what purgeth euery humour chéefely by thée are to be ministred if to Hip. as we ought we giue best credit as appeareth in his booke De medicamentis purgantibus Bolus to purge choller is thus made R. Cassia newlie drawen Electuarium Lenitiuum of eyther z.v. drammes commixed with suger in the morning fasting aboute foure or fiue of the clocke not sleaping after nor entring the bathes for that day but kéeping your chamber and within one hower supping the broth of a chicken Bolus to purge fleame shall this wyse be compounded R. Of the Electuary of Dates of the apotecaries called Diaphaenicon halfe an ounce of the powder of Hiera simplex z.d. mingled with suger obseruinge all thinges aforesayde Bolus to purge melanchollie R. Electuarij indi a dram and an halfe of the confection of Hamech thrée or foure drams of luger as much as shal suffice taken as you know A Clister to clense the Chollerique R. Of Mercurie Mallowes Centorie Harts tongue violets Liuerwourt of euery one halfe a litle handful of the iiii great cold séedes of eyther .ii. drammes prepared shall be boyled in a pine and an halfe of running water vntoo a pinte then adde of Diaprunis Electuarie of the iuyce of Roses of eche half an ounce of oyle of Violets and fallet oyle of eche one ounce it first being strayned minister it not ouerhot nor ouercold A Clister to purge the Phlegmatique R. Of Mercury Margeram Minte Orgaine Byssope of euery one halfe a little handfull both brome rootes of the apotecaries called kneholme and polipoodie rootes of eyther one ounce séedes of persnéep and Dill of euery one half an ounce all prepared boyled and strayned adde of the electuarie of Dates .iii. drammes of powder of Sene prepared i. dramme and an halfe of the oyle of Chamomile oyle of Lillies of eyther .i. ounce and an halfe A Clister to purge Melanchullie R. Borage Bauhne Bassill Mawes Sauory Tyme of eche .i. handful Sene Lawry i. ounce Carret rootes .ii. ounces al as is aforesaid boiled in the broth of sheappes heads adde of Diasenue in electuarie i. ounce Syrupe of Epithimum foure ounces oyle of Iuniper swéete Coste of eche one ounce of honie and salt a little A Clister to mundifie the bloude R. Of hoppes fumitorie scabiose endiue cichorie of eche halfe an handfull rootes of perselie and fennell the inner pithe taken out of gourde séedes of eche the waighte of a Shilling Boyle all these in a quarte of wheye vnto almost a pinte all things ordered as afore is shewed adding therevnto Hiera piera the weighte of sixed Diacatholicon sixe drams honie and salte a pretie quantitie A Clister to breake wind and to clense all partes without daunger in any complexion therewith comforting R Floures of melilote of Chamomile and Hissope of eche a little handfull of maydens heare of dill of eche halfe a little handfull of the séedes of Anise and cumine eche one vnce raysons the stones piked oute a handfull boyle all these in a sufficient quantitie of the brothe of a cocke chickin euery thing first thus prepared the which I wishe you to note also in the reste the herbes chopped the rootes brused the séedes broken and boyled to a pinte adde of cassia two vnces of hiera picra iiii drams of the oyle of Dyll of the oyle of chamomile of eche an vnce and half ministred after this sorte so warme as you may suffer at the towell knéelinge the buttockes hygher then the reste of the bodye turninge after on the backe then on the bellie after on euery side For the burning of Vrine a perfect remedie R. Séedes of Purselane of Lettuce of Endiue of eyther one dramme white Poppie two drammes Henbane halfe a dram Sebestens thrée drams Saffron a penie waighte Licorishe foure drammes Pine ten drammes fountaine water thrée quartes boyle all vnto the consumpcion of the third part then straine it and take .vii. or .viii. sponefulles in the morning with one ounce of the syrupe of Violets and assure you before the fourth day you shall sée worthie effectes The Rheume or destillacion of the head is thus taken away R. Sene leaues .vi. drammes Rocket .iiii drammes long Pepper .ii. drammes make therof a powder of which morning and euening receaue a dramme eschuing the Bathe vntil the Rheume be slakened this is also good to kéepe you soluble taken in a thinne alebury fasting or in whit wine if the partie be flegmatique or hath the stone last going to bed The losse of the appetite is recouered with this medicine or with the ioyce of Pomegranates as saith Mesue R. Cardui benedicti .iii. handfuls clarret wyne fountaine water of eche a quarte boyled vnto the thyrd strayned vsed fyrst in the morning a Gill or two sweating after If a feuer happen auoyde the Bathes vntill you be amended But you may sweate if you be fat of bodie and drinke your Cardnus benedictus drinke or that which we haue appointed to quench thyrst Things straÌ„ger or of more force I would not medle with knowing how easilie the ignorant may erre and how bolde they bée to put in experience euery recepte without the aduice of them that can yéeld the reason and cauâ—es of eche thinge mencioned often to their great hurt
the sonne of 28 Seth the sonne of 29 Adam and Eua. From Noe we haue followed the Septuaginta as wee did the most probable histories vntil Nos Concerning the noblenes genealogie of the founder antiquitie of the Brittaynes and origyne of these our Bathes of Bathe we haue spoken somewhat It resteth that in a word or two be declared theyr excellent properties worthie effects aydefull in déede to the most sort of infirmities accidents and gréefes which as saith Galen Lib. de symptomatum differencijs is the fealing of a thing cōtrary to nature and after Auicen in canonibus they be these Stryking Breaking Lewsing Ytching Smarting Pricking Shrinking Streatching Persing Beating Greauouse Heauy Byting Tyring Stunning or Sléeping And for these disseases following c. 1 Morphewes 2 Scales 3 Scabs 4 Scurfe 5 Wheales 6 Pustles 7 Byles 8 Apostemes or swellings 9 Vlcers 10 Letters 11 Ringwormes 12 Lepryes 13 Pockes 14 Goutes 15 Ioyntaches 16 Paulsye 17 Apoplexyes 18 Faulling sicknesses 19 Shakyngs 20 Numnes 21 Crampes 22 Destillacions 23 Rheumes 24 Poses 25 Whorsenes 26 Coughes 27 Running of the eyes 28 Running of the eares 29 Singing and ringing of thē 30 Dropping of the vryne 31 Diabetes which is the ouer making of water 32 Tenesmos which is a desire of going to the stole without doing of any thing or very lyttle with great paine 33 Collycke 34 Flyres 35 Hemorhoydes 36 Pyles 37 Feuers interpolate that come of melancholly or fleame entring the Bathe ii houres before the fit 38 Hardnes of the Splene swelling thereof 39 Swelling of the matrice or place of cōcepcion 40 Hardnes of the Liuer coldnes therof 41 Wyndines 42 Hardnes 43 Barenes 44 Ouer slipperines 45 Coldnes 46 Wasting of Seade 47 Gréene siknes 48 Hydropsyes 49 Coldnes of the brayne 50 Lack of memory 51 The sleapinge sicknes Now as you haue harde the disseases greafes which it helpeth So I think it not impertinent to shew the causes of the paynes before declared that you may the réedyer cōsult with your Phisicions thereof as of all other thinges heareafter to bée mencioned béefore ye séeke the ayde of the Bathes therfore that preordinate Phisicion by prouidence diuine Hippoc. the prince of Phisike saith that the way by which the sicknesse is vnderstanded is the perfect pathe to the curacion therof Galen lykewise the worthiest Doctour in Natures schole wylleth that before the cause be iuged no remedy be geuen whose councels herein I wysh you to follow 1 Ytching payne cōmeth of a tarte or salt humor 2 Smarting of an eger humor 3 Pricking of a sharpe humor 4 Stretching of windines that stretcheth out the Synewes and muscles contrary to nature 5 Compressyue cōmeth of matter or wyndines that maketh narrowe or constrayneth the membre or part 6 Concussiue or shaking paine procedeth of matter that is resolued betwene the muscles and panycles which by extending the panicle causeth solucion of continuitie 7 Wearyeng is cause of humors or wyndines enclosed betwene the panicle and the bone or of colde drawing the sayd panicle togither 8 Lewsyng paine is caused of matter stretching the flesh and the muscles and not the chordes 9 Persyng is caused of humors or grosse windines retained betwene the tunicles of an hard and grosse membre as in the gut Colon which without ceasing pearseth as it wer boring thorow with a gymlet 10 Actual is caused of humor retayned in a member when solucyon of continuitie is made 11 Stupefactiue is caused of vehement cold or hete and by stopping of the pores retayning the sensible Spyrites as by strong binding or ouerfilling of the wayes 12 Beating or quapping cōmeth of a hot Aposteme for a cold neuer causeth pain except it turne to heate neither is byting paine in hot Apostemes but when it procedeth of inflamacion sensibilitie of the place and multitude of beating vaines 13 Heauy or grauatiue paine is caused in an Aposteme in a membre not sensible as in the Lungs kydneys and in the splene or mylt 14 Tyring paine cometh of a laboryouse exercyse or thorough an humor vehemently stretching the membre 15 Biting payne is caused of sharpe and eger humor But now let vs returne again to the propreties of the Bathes the which in some anoye the stomache and in the most sorte byndeth very much the bodie if they drynke not of the water as in the last booke shal be handled The which water many suppose hath not ben accustomed to be appoynted to be dronke by the most auncient phisicions of the Greakes the reason is they saye for that Galen whose maner was to passe ouer nothing worthy to be entreated of hath so slightlie skypped ouer theyr aydes vertues vses effects which if they had ben effectuall to be accompted he would as sone haue wrytten a booke of it as of Tryacle or of the facultie of simple medicines c. This cōiecture I deny not may cause some to thinke so who haue not wel digested his mening in all his workes whose whole scope is to wryte of nothing at large but that wherein reason preuayleth with experyence But bicause these Bathes were the medicines of Empyrykes he left them at large howbeit in dyuers partes of his woorkes we fynde mencion made of Bathes and especially in his fourth booke De sanitate tuenda wher he hath these words ther be some waters in vse to be dronke for the purging of the body as the waters in which Nitre bitumen c. Againe he saith in his fyrst booke De sanitate tuenda that all waters representing the force of medicine as the waters of Allume Sulphur or Bitumen haue force of drying by the which it is more then manyfest that he commendeth them when as he calleth them medicinall Moreouer to proue that they were in vse to bée dronke both before Galen his tyme and since by the dyscourse following it may most euidently appeare Scribonius Largus who was Galens auncient appoynted to be dronk for the vlcers and swellings of the bladder water wherein Iron was quenched this he did as he affyrmeth to imitate the propreties of the Bathes of Ferraria as you may reade in his .146 ca. Archigenes also proueth as testifyeth Actius lib. 11. that waters of bathes were vsed to be appointed to be dronke for thaffects of the bladder of the most auncient Phisicions Oribasius lykewyse appoynteth the vse of drinking both of hot and cold bathes In collectaneis ad Iulianum imperatorem Pansanias doth shew how that the people Cynethensis vsed to drinke of the medicinable Wel called Alisson for the byting of madde dogges in Archadicis suis Vitruuius entreating of the waters of Bathes proueth that by reason of Bitumen and Nitre they were dronke for purging of the body plentifully lib. nono what néede many words In the tyme of Augustus Caesar the waters of bathes wer in great vse to be dronk at what tyme Phisicions flourished not onely in the hye courte of Rome but also ouer all as preciouse stones