other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n some_o furious_a storm_n arise_v the_o ship_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o rock_n against_o the_o rocky_a shore_n or_o against_o those_o ground_n which_o extend_v themselves_o betwixt_o the_o tuskar_n and_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n whilst_o the_o steer-man_n and_o pilot_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o darkness_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o land_n or_o any_o of_o their_o wont_a mark_n do_v not_o know_v which_o way_n to_o steer_v to_o shun_v those_o dangerous_a place_n and_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n sect._n 3_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n as_o well_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o under_o the_o land_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o clear_a sand_n but_o in_o some_o place_n black_a and_o muddy_a or_o oasiâ—-earth_n in_o very_a few_o place_n rough_a and_o sharp_a and_o scarce_o any_o where_o else_o but_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o wickloe_n so_o hard_a and_o stiff_o compact_v that_o the_o anchor_n can_v take_v no_o hold_n of_o it_o sect._n 4._o of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o irish-sea_n what_o concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v in_o this_o sea_n which_o inviron_v ireland_n upon_o all_o the_o westside_n it_o flow_v against_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ebb_n fall_v back_o from_o it_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o flood_n from_o and_o the_o ebb_n towards_o the_o west_n for_o which_o reason_n very_o great_a tide_n as_o well_o of_o ebb_n as_o flood_n go_v upon_o all_o this_o coast_n not_o only_o the_o open_a shore_n but_o in_o the_o bay_n and_o inlet_n even_o those_o which_o go_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n as_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n so_o as_o those_o who_o have_v be_v at_o galloway_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o do_v so_o mighty_o ebb_v and_o flow_v there_o that_o at_o high-water_n great_a vessel_n may_v sail_v over_o those_o rock_n the_o which_o with_o the_o ebb_n come_v above_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o ireland_n it_o eb_v and_o flow_v along_o the_o land_n for_o upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o ebb_n and_o flood_n fall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o upon_o the_o westside_n flow_v from_o and_o ebb_v towards_o the_o west_n but_o upon_o the_o east-side_n from_o fair-foreland_n unto_o carlingford_n the_o flood_n come_v from_o and_o the_o ebb_n fall_v to_o the_o north_n as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o east-side_n to_o wit_n from_o carlingford_n to_o carnarord_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n and_o eb_v from_o the_o north._n for_o although_o upon_o all_o this_o side_n the_o flood_n run_v along_o the_o land_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o two_o contrary_a point_n the_o which_o two_o flood_n come_v the_o one_o out_o of_o the_o main-sea_n in_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o out_o of_o the_o main-sea_n in_o the_o south_n do_v meet_v and_o stop_v one_o another_o before_o the_o haven_n of_o carlingford_n from_o tuskar_n and_o carnarord_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n be_v the_o whole_a south-eastcoast_a of_o munster_n the_o flood_n fall_v along_o the_o coast_n east-north-east_n and_o the_o ebb_n west-south-west_n but_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o munster_n beyond_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n westward_n which_o coast_n lie_v west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o flood_n fall_v eastward_o and_o the_o ebb_n to_o the_o west_n sect._n 5._o strong_a tide_n in_o the_o sound_v strange_a propriety_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o tide_n that_o which_o the_o seafaring_a man_n do_v witness_n that_o in_o the_o sound_n of_o blaske_n of_o dalkee_n and_o in_o that_o of_o lambey_n as_o also_o in_o some_o other_o narrow_a channel_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o go_v a_o very_a strong_a tide_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ebb_n as_o flood_n be_v no_o other_o than_o may_v be_v observe_v almost_o every_o where_o else_o in_o place_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v wonder_v what_o the_o same_o do_v relate_v of_o the_o channel_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o eb_v and_o flow_v there_o three_o hour_n soon_o than_o without_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n so_o as_o when_o it_o be_v high_a water_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o that_o haven_n and_o upon_o the_o bar_n of_o the_o same_o the_o flood_n do_v still_o for_o half_a a_o tide_n or_o three_o hour_n after_o strong_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o north_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o end_n of_o hanemans-path_n a_o great_a sand_n lie_v just_a before_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n be_v cast_v up_o more_o and_o more_o to_o the_o north_n and_o that_o the_o channel_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o north-side_n of_o that_o sand_n be_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n be_v now_o more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o it_o have_v be_v former_o and_o as_o it_o flow_v three_o hour_n long_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n than_o upon_o the_o bar_n and_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o this_o haven_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o ebb_n in_o the_o sea_n fall_v to_o the_o south_n three_o hour_n after_o that_o it_o be_v low_a water_n in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o not_o so_o strong_o as_o the_o flood_n sect._n 6._o some_o other_o strange_a particular_n about_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o iâ—ish-sea_n relate_v by_o giraldus_n but_o find_v not_o to_o be_v true_a more_o strange_a it_o be_v what_o giraldus_n write_v of_o the_o havens_n of_o wickloe_n and_o arckloe_n to_o wit_n that_o in_o wickloe-haven_n it_o ever_o flow_v when_o in_o the_o sea_n it_o eb_v and_o that_o it_o eb_v there_o when_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o river_n this_o haven_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o little_a river_n the_o water_n be_v salt_n as_o well_o when_o the_o ebb_n be_v at_o the_o low_a as_o at_o the_o flow_a and_o high-water_n and_o that_o to_o the_o contrary_a in_o that_o riveler_n which_o at_o arcklo_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o water_n keep_v its_o sweetness_n at_o all_o time_n never_o receive_v the_o mixture_n of_o any_o saltness_n as_o well_o with_o the_o flood_n and_o high-water_n as_o with_o the_o ebb_n but_o experience_n show_v these_o thing_n to_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n as_o also_o what_o he_o write_v of_o a_o rock_n not_o far_o from_o arcklo_n at_o the_o one_o side_n whereof_o he_o say_v that_o it_o always_o eb_v when_o it_o do_v flow_v on_o the_o other_o and_o to_o the_o contrary_n also_o that_o in_o milford-haven_n situate_v in_o the_o southernmost_a part_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o manner_n over_o against_o waterford_n and_o upon_o the_o next_o coast_n it_o eb_v and_o flow_v at_o quite_o contrary_a time_n to_o what_o it_o do_v at_o dublin_n and_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o so_o that_o it_o shall_v begin_v to_o ebb_v in_o milford-haven_n when_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n it_o begin_v to_o flow_v and_o to_o flow_v in_o milford-haven_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o ebb_v at_o dublin_n which_o how_o untrue_a it_o be_v all_o those_o can_v witness_v who_o have_v be_v in_o both_o place_n have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v the_o time_n and_o hour_n at_o what_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n soever_o wherein_o it_o do_v begin_v to_o ebb_v and_o to_o flow_v there_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n item_n of_o the_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n have_v sufficient_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o ireland_n lie_v and_o of_o whatsoever_o belong_v thereunto_o we_o shall_v now_o before_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o land_n itself_o speak_v of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o land_n first_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o brook_n afterward_o of_o the_o river_n and_o last_o of_o the_o lough_n or_o lake_n as_o for_o the_o first_o to_o wit_n fountain_n and_o spring_n ireland_n be_v very_o full_a of_o they_o every_o where_o not_o only_o in_o the_o mountainous_a and_o hilly_a part_n but_o even_o in_o the_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n which_o spring_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fashion_n be_v like_a unto_o a_o small_a pit_n full_a of_o water_n up_o to_o the_o brim_n at_o the_o low_o â—ide_v whereof_o the_o water_n do_v run_v forth_o without_o make_v any_o noise_n or_o bubble_a for_o that_o kind_a of_o fountain_n which_o forcible_o burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o rock_n or_o spout_v their_o water_n on_o high_a be_v very_o rare_o to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o water_n of_o these_o well-spring_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cool_v clear_a and_o pure_a free_a from_o all_o strange_a smell_n and_o
so_o in_o a_o manner_n do_v meet_v the_o sure_a who_o fall_v into_o the_o other_o arm_n for_o which_o consideration_n these_o three_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v the_o three_o sister_n as_o giraldus_n witness_v both_o the_o our_o and_o the_o barrow_n be_v portable_a many_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n the_o our_o only_o with_o little_a boat_n and_o with_o cot_n they_o call_v in_o ireland_n cot_n thing_n like_o boat_n but_o very_o unshape_o be_v nothing_o but_o square_a piece_n of_o timber_n make_v hollow_a but_o the_o barrow_n with_o good_a big_a bo_n the_o slay_a fall_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o our_o for_o length_n and_o bigness_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o liffie_a and_o the_o boine_n the_o liffie_a be_v the_o princess_n of_o the_o irish-river_n not_o for_o her_o bigness_n for_o not_o only_o the_o shanon_n but_o the_o boine_n barrow_n and_o several_a other_o do_v far_o surpass_v she_o therein_o but_o because_o dublin_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o ireland_n be_v seat_v upon_o her_o bank_n a_o mile_n below_o which_o city_n at_o a_o place_n call_v rings-end_n she_o lose_v herself_o in_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v dublin-haven_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o flood_n ship_n of_o fifty_o and_o threescore_o tun_n can_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n but_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o and_o at_o the_o low_a the_o small_a boat_n find_v hardly_o water_n enough_o to_o go_v between_o dublin_n and_o rings-end_n because_o the_o channel_n be_v very_o broad_a there_o the_o water_n spread_v itself_o too_o much_o and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o grow_v very_o shallow_a but_o in_o the_o city_n itself_o where_o she_o be_v enclose_v betwixt_o the_o key_n on_o both_o side_n and_o from_o the_o bridge_n of_o dublin_n until_o the_o bridge_n of_o kilmanan_n and_o a_o little_a further_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n in_o which_o space_n she_o run_v between_o she_o own_o bank_n great_a boat_n may_v go_v upon_o she_o at_o any_o time_n she_o will_v be_v navigable_a with_o boat_n some_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n further_o but_o the_o wear_v make_v in_o she_o a_o little_a way_n above_o the_o bridge_n of_o kilmanan_n do_v hinder_v that_o this_o river_n take_v her_o beginning_n in_o the_o mountain_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n not_o above_o ten_o mile_n from_o it_o but_o fetch_v such_o a_o compass_n bend_v her_o coast_n first_o to_o the_o west_n afterward_o to_o the_o north_n and_o last_o for_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n eastward_o that_o from_o her_o original_n to_o her_o mouth_n be_v the_o space_n of_o no_o less_o than_o forty_o or_o fifty_o mile_n the_o boine_n the_o river_n where-on_a tredagh_n be_v seat_v have_v her_o beginning_n in_o king_n county_n close_o by_o the_o original_n of_o the_o barrow_n although_o the_o place_n where_o the_o barrow_n fall_v into_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n be_v above_o fourscore_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boine_n this_o river_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n in_o far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o her_o course_n and_o will_v be_v portable_a of_o good_a big_a boat_n very_o many_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n if_o that_o be_v not_o hinder_v by_o the_o wear_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o band_n and_o blackwater_n the_o principal_a river_n in_o ulster_n of_o those_o that_o fall_v direct_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o band_n the_o which_o as_o in_o her_o mouth_n she_o be_v encumber_v with_o several_a inconvenient_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n so_o she_o be_v portable_a but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o a_o certain_a rock_n the_o which_o run_v across_o the_o channel_n from_o the_o one_o bank_n to_o the_o other_o stop_v all_o manner_n of_o passage_n not_o only_o of_o big_a vessel_n and_o bark_n but_o of_o the_o small_a boat_n which_o dare_v not_o come_v near_o the_o same_o rock_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o high_a and_o the_o water_n from_o it_o fall_v downward_o with_o great_a violence_n it_o go_v for_o some_o space_n with_o a_o mighty_a current_n this_o rock_n or_o cataract_n call_v vulgar_o the_o salmon-leap_a for_o a_o reason_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o fall_v because_o of_o the_o fall_n down_o of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o above_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n hinder_v all_o manner_n of_o communication_n between_o the_o same_o and_o lough_n neaugh_n from_o the_o which_o this_o cataract_n be_v distant_a about_o three_o mile_n whereas_o otherwise_o if_o the_o passage_n of_o this_o river_n from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o lough_n be_v open_a ship_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n go_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n not_o only_o the_o whole_a length_n and_o breadth_n of_o lough_n neaugh_n which_o every_o where_o be_v very_o deep_a and_o navigable_a even_o for_o great_a ship_n but_o even_o a_o good_a many_o mile_n far_o with_o good_a big_a boat_n by_o mean_n of_o some_o river_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o especial_o the_o blackwater_n which_o be_v the_o princpal_a of_o they_o all_o for_o the_o band_n although_o she_o give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o river_n go_v out_o of_o the_o lough_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o blackwater_n for_o breadth_n nor_o depth_n be_v rather_o a_o brook_n than_o a_o river_n the_o which_o be_v very_o shallow_a at_o other_o time_n do_v rise_v so_o excessive_o upon_o the_o fall_n of_o much_o rain_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o dangerous_a and_o terrible_a brook_n of_o all_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o therefore_o from_o time_n to_o time_n many_o man_n and_o horse_n have_v be_v drown_v at_o the_o pass_n of_o it_o sect._n 5._o of_o the_o lagon_n and_o nury-water_n tide-river_n beside_o the_o band_n and_o the_o blackwater_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o river_n in_o ulster_n but_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o strebane_a and_o london-derrie_a discharge_v itself_o into_o loughfoile_n for_o the_o lagon_n heretofore_o mention_v by_o we_o which_o by_o belfast_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o nury-water_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o description_n of_o carlingford-haven_n and_o some_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v proper_o brook_v and_o not_o portable_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o own_o water_n but_o of_o that_o which_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n flow_v into_o they_o as_o appear_z clear_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v out_o for_o than_o they_o be_v as_o small_a and_o as_o little_a portable_a in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o boat_n and_o big_a vessel_n do_v pass_v at_o high_a water_n as_o be_v they_o at_o all_o time_n in_o those_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o tide_n do_v never_o reach_v which_o kind_n of_o tide-river_n or_o brook_n which_o only_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o tide_n be_v make_v navigable_a for_o a_o little_a way_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o the_o province_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o cataract_n in_o the_o irish_a river_n beside_o that_o the_o navigable_a river_n be_v but_o rare_a in_o ireland_n and_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o be_v only_o portable_a of_o very_o small_a vessel_n and_o boat_n not_o of_o any_o big_a ship_n or_o bark_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o former_a relation_n there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n who_o have_v not_o some_o impediment_n or_o other_o in_o they_o whereby_o it_o come_v that_o they_o be_v not_o portable_a so_o far_o as_o otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v these_o impediment_n be_v chief_o three_o in_o number_n cataract_n wear_v and_o foard_n whereof_o the_o last_o two_o do_v only_o concern_v the_o lesser_a river_n the_o first_o to_o wit_v the_o cataract_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o great_a river_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o shanon_n and_o the_o band_n whereby_o also_o full_o may_v be_v conceive_v the_o manner_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o say_a cataract_n so_o as_o it_o be_v needless_a here_o again_o to_o delineate_v they_o such_o a_o cataract_n or_o fall_v there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o liffie_a seven_o mile_n from_o dublin_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n above_o the_o village_n and_o castle_n of_o leslip_n the_o description_n of_o which_o as_o hold_v it_o not_o improper_a for_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o as_o it_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n from_o those_o who_o have_v observe_v it_o very_o exact_o the_o say_a river_n run_v there_o about_o along_o a_o narrow_a and_o deep_a valley_n be_v hem_v in_o at_o both_o side_n with_o high_a hill_n of_o a_o long_a continuance_n have_v a_o very_a rocky_a channel_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o bottom_n be_v overspread_v in_o several_a part_n with_o
great_a massy_a stone_n there_o be_v in_o two_o or_o three_o place_n at_o no_o great_a distance_n a_o continual_a rocky_a bulk_n reach_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o leave_v but_o one_o or_o two_o narrow_a passage_n through_o which_o the_o stream_n run_v with_o a_o very_a strong_a current_n and_o a_o mighty_a noise_n but_o the_o three_o and_o last_o bulk_n like_o a_o cataract_n have_v the_o channel_n close_o to_o it_o a_o great_a deal_n low_o by_o far_o more_o than_o the_o other_o at_o least_o by_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o stream_n do_v not_o so_o much_o run_v swift_a here_o or_o pass_v with_o a_o current_n through_o narrow_a channel_n as_o in_o the_o two_o first_o bulk_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v get_v over_o the_o rock_n it_o fall_v steep_a down_o with_o great_a violence_n the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o pace_n in_o breadth_n where_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o main_a channel_n be_v altogether_o stop_v by_o the_o say_a rock_n in_o winter_n and_o other_o very_o rainy_a season_n when_o the_o water_n do_v increase_n much_o it_o pass_v over_o all_o the_o say_a rock_n smooth_o and_o without_o noise_n where_o the_o same_o be_v exceed_o great_a those_o time_n when_o the_o liffie_a run_v with_o a_o small_a stream_n there_o be_v also_o a_o cataract_n in_o a_o small_a tide_n river_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cork_n in_o munster_n the_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o innermost_a corner_n of_o the_o great_a bay_n bantrie_n and_o one_o in_o the_o haven_n of_o balleshanon_a which_o haven_n be_v in_o effect_n nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o lough-earne_a common_o be_v count_v for_o a_o river_n and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o trowis_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o foard_n in_o the_o river_n of_o ireland_n a_o second_o impediment_n of_o their_o navigableness_n concern_v the_o foarde_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o not_o every_o where_o where_o the_o highway_n meet_v with_o great_a brook_n or_o small_a river_n bridge_n be_v find_v for_o to_o pass_v they_o but_o that_o in_o very_a many_o place_n one_o be_v constrain_v to_o ride_v through_o the_o water_n itself_o the_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o river_n keep_v themselves_o every_o where_o enclose_v between_o their_o bank_n wherefore_o they_o be_v not_o only_o suffer_v in_o such_o place_n to_o spread_v themselves_o abroad_o but_o man_n help_v there_o to_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v to_o make_v the_o water_n so_o much_o the_o shallow_a and_o consequent_o the_o easy_a to_o be_v pass_v whereby_o it_o come_v many_o time_n to_o pass_v that_o a_o river_n which_o above_o and_o below_o the_o foard_v be_v deep_a enough_o to_o be_v portable_a of_o great_a boat_n through_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o foard_n lie_v between_o will_v bear_v none_o but_o of_o the_o very_o small_a or_o where_o otherwise_o the_o same_o will_v carry_v small_a boat_n be_v not_o portable_a at_o all_o this_o in_o most_o place_n may_v easy_o be_v remedy_v in_o raise_v of_o dike_n or_o artificial_a bank_n where_o the_o natural_a one_o fail_v doe_n minister_v opportunity_n unto_o the_o river_n foâ—_n to_o spread_v themselves_o and_o make_v bridge_n to_o pass_v over_o some_o foard_n do_v not_o great_o impair_v the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n but_o leave_v the_o same_o almost_o in_o her_o full_a depth_n especial_o in_o the_o midst_n but_o the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v more_o incommodious_a for_o the_o traveller_n so_o they_o be_v not_o very_o frequent_a but_o in_o far_o less_o number_n than_o the_o other_o sect._n 8._o of_o the_o wear_v a_o three_o impediment_n of_o the_o navigableness_n of_o the_o river_n in_o ireland_n the_o wear_v a_o three_o â—et_v of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o irish_a river_n be_v thus_o order_v they_o set_v up_o very_o big_a stone_n in_o the_o river_n close_o together_o from_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o other_o leave_v only_o one_o hole_n either_o in_o the_o midst_n or_o near_a one_o of_o the_o side_n before_o which_o hole_n a_o basket_n be_v lay_v they_o take_v therein_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n for_o come_v to_o the_o wear_v and_o find_v their_o way_n stop_v by_o the_o stone_n they_o take_v their_o course_n to_o that_o place_n where_o they_o find_v a_o open_n these_o row_n of_o stone_n do_v not_o direct_o cross_v the_o river_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o but_o do_v go_v very_o much_o floap_v that_o the_o stream_n with_o less_o force_n may_v beat_v against_o they_o and_o the_o same_o also_o do_v stand_v but_o very_o little_a above_o the_o water_n to_o the_o end_n that_o when_o the_o flood_n come_v the_o water_n may_v find_v a_o ready_a passage_n over_o they_o without_o which_o they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o subsist_v against_o the_o force_n thereof_o but_o easy_o be_v throw_v down_o and_o scatter_v some_o wear_v be_v set_v up_o not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o take_n of_o fish_n as_o for_o mils_n and_o that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n thereby_o be_v in_o part_n stop_v in_o the_o main_a channel_n may_v be_v make_v to_o go_v into_o some_o little_a by-chanel_n cut_v express_o for_o to_o convey_v the_o water_n to_o the_o mill_n many_o wear_v serve_v for_o both_o these_o use_n joint_o some_o river_n have_v only_o one_o of_o these_o impediment_n as_o the_o shanon_n and_o the_o band_n each_o a_o fall_n or_o cataract_n the_o boine_n wear_v have_v only_a foard_n many_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o great_a number_n have_v wear_v and_o foard_n and_o common_o each_o of_o they_o in_o several_a place_n some_o have_v all_o three_o as_o the_o liffie_a by_o name_n which_o have_v not_o only_o wear_v and_o foard_v in_o several_a place_n but_o also_o a_o cataract_n or_o salmon-leap_a as_o have_v be_v mention_v above_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o lake_n or_o lough_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o little_a lough_n lough_v there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n in_o ireland_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n we_o may_v distinguish_v they_o into_o three_o several_a sort_n great_a middle-sort_n and_o the_o least_o under_o this_o last_o we_o comprehend_v all_o such_o who_o part_n discover_v itself_o to_o the_o eye_n all_o over_o at_o one_o time_n this_o sort_n of_o lough_n be_v find_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o other_o province_n but_o nothing_o near_o so_o many_o as_o in_o ulster_n every_o one_o of_o these_o common_o send_v forth_o a_o brook_n and_o some_o more_o than_o one_o be_v all_o of_o they_o very_o deep_o the_o very_a lest_o not_o except_v and_o well-stored_n with_o fish_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o only_o delightful_a especial_o such_o as_o be_v situate_v in_o some_o dale_n or_o valley_n or_o environ_v round_o about_o or_o on_o some_o side_n with_o pleasant_a little_a hill_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o but_o also_o commodious_a and_o profitable_a afford_v good_a opportunity_n to_o build_v house_n and_o castle_n upon_o their_o border_n which_o be_v do_v in_o â—any_n place_n by_o the_o english_a and_o scotch_a who_o have_v make_v several_a fair_a plantation_n and_o will_v have_v do_v more_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v hinder_v by_o that_o horrible_a rebellion_n of_o the_o bloody_a irish_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o many_o of_o they_o which_o be_v already_o build_v have_v be_v destroy_v by_o those_o barbarian_n many_o of_o these_o little_a lough_n have_v a_o little_a lland_n in_o the_o midst_n which_o be_v both_o commodious_a and_o pleasant_a some_z wherein_o little_a lland_n do_v float_v not_o keep_v long_o any_o certain_a place_n but_o remove_v to_o and_o fro_o as_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n do_v drive_v they_o sect._n 2._o of_o the_o middle-sort_n of_o lough_n the_o middle-sort_n of_o lough_n we_o understand_v to_o be_v such_o as_o far_o exceed_v the_o forementioned_a in_o bigness_n nevertheless_o be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o big_a sort_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v present_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v lough-fin_n and_o lough-dirg_n in_o the_o county_n of_o donegal_n in_o ulster_n lough-mugkney_a in_o the_o county_n of_o monaghan_n and_o lough_n sillon_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n both_o in_o the_o same_o province_n lough-ranmore_a in_o eastmeath_n beside_o several_a other_o in_o other_o county_n of_o leinster_n especial_o in_o queens-county_n longford_n and_o westmeath_n have_v little_a or_o nothing_o worthy_a of_o observation_n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o great_a lough_n and_o first_o of_o those_o of_o salt-water_n the_o great_a lough_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o of_o sweet-water_n as_o all_o the_o former_a and_o some_o of_o salt-water_n these_o last_o be_v such_o through_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o
ireland_n natural_a history_n be_v a_o true_a and_o ample_a description_n of_o its_o situation_n greatness_n shape_n and_o nature_n of_o its_o hill_n wood_n heath_n bog_n of_o its_o fruitful_a part_n and_o profitable_a ground_n with_o the_o several_a way_n of_o manure_v and_o improve_n the_o same_o with_o its_o head_n or_o promontory_n harbour_n road_n and_o bay_n of_o its_o spring_n and_o fountain_n brook_n rivers_n logh_n of_o its_o metal_n mineral_n freestone_n marble_n sea-coal_n turf_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o last_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o temperature_n of_o its_o air_n and_o season_n and_o what_o disease_n it_o be_v free_a from_o or_o subject_n unto_o conduce_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o navigation_n husbandry_n and_o other_o profitable_a art_n and_o profession_n write_a by_o gerard_n boat_n late_a doctor_n of_o physic_n to_o the_o state_n in_o ireland_n and_o now_o publish_v by_o samuel_n hartlib_n esq_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o ireland_n and_o more_o especial_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o adventurer_n and_o planter_n therein_o imprint_v at_o london_n for_o john_n wright_n at_o the_o king_n head_n in_o the_o old_a bailie_n 1657._o to_o his_o excellency_n oliver_n cromwell_n captain_n general_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n army_n in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n and_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n fleetwood_n commander_n in_o chief_a under_o the_o lord_n general_n cromwell_n of_o all_o the_o force_n in_o ireland_n right_o honourable_a it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o signal_n truth_n that_o all_o the_o work_n of_o god_n be_v both_o wonderful_a and_o precious_a much_o seek_v out_o by_o all_o those_o that_o love_v he_o and_o it_o be_v the_o guilt_n of_o the_o wicked_a that_o as_o they_o regard_v not_o the_o lord_n so_o they_o consider_v not_o the_o operation_n of_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o lord_n have_v reveal_v his_o truth_n even_o his_o godhead_n and_o his_o eternal_a power_n by_o his_o work_n 1.20_o that_o such_o as_o respect_v he_o not_o in_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o the_o way_n of_o his_o providence_n may_v be_v without_o excuse_n now_o it_o seâ—ms_v to_o i_o that_o the_o end_n for_o which_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v himself_o without_o a_o testimony_n in_o nature_n be_v not_o only_o that_o we_o shall_v in_o our_o spirit_n glorify_v he_o as_o god_n and_o be_v thankful_a 1â—_n but_o that_o also_o our_o outward_a man_n shall_v be_v make_v sensible_a of_o his_o goodness_n and_o partake_v of_o that_o supply_n of_o life_n which_o by_o his_o appointment_n the_o creature_n can_v yield_v unto_o we_o if_o happy_o we_o may_v feel_v after_o he_o and_o find_v he_o therein_o 17.27_o so_o that_o such_o as_o respect_v he_o not_o in_o his_o way_n of_o nature_n be_v careless_a to_o seek_v they_o out_o do_v make_v themselves_o also_o incapable_a of_o the_o blessing_n of_o nature_n through_o their_o ignorance_n and_o neglect_n of_o the_o good_a thing_n which_o god_n have_v provide_v for_o they_o thereby_o for_o all_o thing_n be_v we_o thing_n present_a and_o thing_n to_o come_v and_o godliness_n have_v the_o promise_n of_o the_o life_n that_o now_o be_v aswell_o as_o of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o come_v for_o as_o by_o the_o act_n of_o faith_n we_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v because_o by_o the_o truth_n of_o god_n as_o it_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o faith_n they_o have_v a_o spiritual_a be_v and_o subsistence_n in_o we_o so_o by_o the_o act_n of_o reason_n right_o order_v we_o be_v make_v partaker_n of_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o life_n because_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o god_n wisdom_n and_o power_n in_o nature_n as_o they_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o reasonable_a faculty_n they_o have_v a_o bodily_a be_v and_o subsistence_n in_o we_o and_o as_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n do_v many_o way_n manifest_v itself_o not_o only_o in_o spiritual_a but_o also_o in_o outward_a and_o bodily_a thing_n so_o there_o be_v many_o part_n of_o humane_a learning_n some_o whereof_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o private_a life_n of_o a_o single_a man_n some_o to_o the_o comfort_n and_o public_a use_n of_o a_o society_n and_o among_o all_o these_o part_n of_o learning_n which_o relate_v to_o a_o society_n i_o can_v conceive_v none_o more_o profitable_a in_o nature_n than_o that_o of_o husbandry_n for_o whether_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o first_o settlement_n of_o a_o plantation_n to_o prosper_v it_o or_o upon_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v plant_v to_o increase_v it_o this_o be_v the_o head_n spring_n of_o all_o the_o native_a commerce_n &_o trading_n which_o may_v be_v set_v afoot_o therein_o by_o any_o way_n whatsoever_o now_o to_o advance_v husbandry_n either_o in_o the_o production_n and_o perfection_n of_o earthly_a benefit_n or_o in_o the_o management_n thereof_o by_o way_n of_o trading_n i_o know_v nothing_o more_o useful_a than_o to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o each_o nation_n advance_v &_o perfect_v for_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o except_o the_o benefit_n which_o god_n by_o nature_n have_v bestow_v upon_o each_o country_n be_v know_v there_o can_v be_v no_o industry_n use_v towards_o the_o improvement_n and_o husbandry_n thereof_o so_o except_o husbandry_n be_v improve_v the_o industry_n of_o trading_n whereof_o a_o nation_n be_v capable_a can_v neither_o be_v advance_v or_o profitable_o uphold_v there_o be_v a_o twofold_a body_n and_o a_o twofold_a life_n in_o man_n which_o god_n have_v create_v the_o one_o be_v natural_a the_o other_o spiritual_a &_o the_o apostle_n tell_v we_o 15.46_o that_o the_o spiritual_a be_v not_o first_o but_o the_o natural_a and_o afterward_o that_o which_o be_v spiritual_a as_o the_o body_n and_o life_n of_o man_n be_v order_v by_o god_n so_o we_o must_v conceive_v of_o the_o frame_n of_o their_o society_n that_o the_o natural_a be_v before_o that_o which_o be_v spiritual_a &_o that_o in_o god_n aim_v it_o be_v a_o preparatory_a thereunto_o although_o in_o the_o use_n which_o man_n make_v thereof_o this_o aim_n be_v not_o obtain_v for_o see_v in_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n the_o world_n by_o wisdom_n have_v not_o know_v god_n etc._n therefore_o god_n be_v please_v by_o another_o way_n which_o to_o the_o world_n do_v seem_v foolishness_n to_o manifest_v his_o power_n and_o his_o wisdom_n unto_o salvation_n namely_o by_o the_o preach_a of_o the_o gospel_n in_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o he_o crucify_v and_o although_o hitherto_o since_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n the_o dispensation_n of_o wisdom_n have_v not_o yet_o open_v the_o conduit_n pipe_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o cause_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n flow_v forth_o &_o partake_v of_o the_o life_n of_o god_n therein_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o prevalencie_n of_o sensual_a inclination_n &_o of_o the_o want_n of_o due_a reflection_n upon_o christ_n in_o who_o alone_o the_o perfect_a use_n of_o nature_n be_v bring_v home_o to_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o father_n by_o the_o spirit_n yet_o when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o presence_n of_o he_o who_o will_v come_v short_o and_o will_v not_o tarry_v than_o the_o work_n of_o the_o devil_n whereby_o he_o have_v bring_v we_o &_o the_o whole_a creation_n under_o the_o bondage_n of_o corruption_n shall_v be_v destroy_v &_o when_o the_o nature_n &_o right_a use_n of_o the_o creature_n by_o his_o mean_n obscure_v shall_v be_v reveal_v then_o also_o the_o property_n and_o application_n of_o the_o creature_n in_o the_o glorious_a liberty_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v subject_v unto_o grace_n these_o great_a and_o mighty_a change_n which_o god_n be_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n do_v tend_v to_o break_v the_o yoke_n of_o vanity_n and_o to_o weaken_v the_o power_n which_o have_v wreathe_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o nation_n these_o change_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o presage_v the_o near_a approach_n of_o this_o liberty_n and_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o way_n of_o learning_n whereby_o the_o intellectual_a cabinet_n of_o nature_n be_v open_v and_o the_o effect_n thereof_o discover_v more_o full_o to_o we_o than_o to_o former_a age_n seem_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o prepare_v a_o plain_a address_n unto_o the_o right_a use_n thereof_o for_o we_o than_o our_o forefather_n have_v have_v which_o will_v be_v effectual_a to_o the_o manifestation_n of_o god_n wisdom_n power_n and_o goodness_n when_o the_o great_a promise_n shall_v be_v accomplish_v that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v fill_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o lord_n 8.11_o as_o the_o water_n cover_v the_o sea_n &_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v teach_v
itself_o be_v great_a and_o populous_a what_o into_o the_o country_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n almost_o all_o leinster_n and_o and_o ulster_n be_v wont_a to_o furnish_v themselves_o from_o dublin_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o provision_n and_o necessary_n such_o as_o be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o foreign_a country_n next_o to_o dublin_n be_v galloway_n the_o head-citie_n of_o the_o province_n of_o connaught_n to_o be_v reckon_v as_o well_o for_o bigness_n and_o faireness_n as_o for_o riches_n for_o the_o street_n be_v wide_a and_o handsome_o order_v the_o house_n for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o free_a stone_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n much_o addict_v to_o traffic_n do_v great_o trade_v into_o other_o country_n especial_o into_o spain_n from_o whence_o they_o use_v to_o fetch_v great_a store_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o waâ—es_v every_o year_n in_o the_o three_o place_n come_v waterford_n situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o in_o the_o four_o limmerick_n the_o head-city_n of_o the_o say_a province_n both_o town_n of_o traffic_n situate_v on_o goodly_a haven_n and_o of_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o handsomeness_n cork_n in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o london-derrie_a in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v less_o than_o any_o of_o the_o formentioned_a but_o otherwise_o handsome_a place_n well_o build_v &_o very_o fit_o situate_v for_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n as_o stand_v upon_o very_o good_a havens_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n drogheda_n kilkenny_n and_o bandonbridge_n be_v passable_a and_o worthy_a of_o some_o regard_n both_o for_o bigness_n and_o handsomeness_n but_o colrain_n knockfergus_n belfast_n dundalk_v wexford_n youghall_n and_o kinsale_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o best_a of_o all_o these_o be_v hardly_o comparable_a to_o any_o of_o those_o fair_a market-town_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o almost_o all_o part_n of_o england_n and_o as_o for_o cassel_n rosse_n lismore_n clonmell_n and_o kilmallock_n in_o munster_n sleigo_fw-es and_o atlone_o in_o connaught_n molingar_fw-la trim_v kels_n navan_n aboy_n nace_n carlo_n arklo_n and_o wicklo_n in_o leinster_n carlingford_n ardee_n and_o down_o in_o ulster_n all_o of_o they_o wall_a town_n they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o mention_v because_o there_o be_v few_o market_n town_n in_o england_n even_o of_o the_o mean_a which_o be_v not_o as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o we_o can_v give_v a_o more_o perfect_a relation_n of_o this_o particular_a but_o because_o this_o serve_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o proper_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o natural_a history_n we_o have_v think_v it_o best_a to_o touch_v it_o but_o brief_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o principal_a havens_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o waterford_n haven_n the_o havens_n of_o ireland_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o fair_a and_o large_a that_o in_o this_o particular_a hardly_o any_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o this_o as_o will_v easy_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_a rehearsal_n thereof_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o make_v first_o of_o the_o best_a and_o chief_a in_o this_o chapter_n and_o of_o the_o other_o in_o the_o next_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o waterford_n haven_n the_o which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o leinster_n and_o munster_n run_v some_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n not_o wind_v or_o crooked_a nor_o with_o any_o great_a nook_n or_o inlet_n but_o almost_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n extend_v in_o itself_o north_n and_o north_n by_o west_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n all_o the_o way_n deep_a and_o clear_a have_v no_o rok_n or_o sand_n but_o only_o two_o or_o three_o little_a one_o which_o lie_v not_o across_o nor_o in_o the_o midst_n but_o by_o the_o side_n may_v be_v shun_v very_o easy_o without_o the_o harbour_n it_o be_v eleven_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n deep_a in_o the_o mouth_n seven_o and_o more_o inward_o six_o fathom_n within_o the_o easterly_a corner_n be_v a_o good_a road_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o other_o or_o westerly_a side_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n be_v another_o good_a road_n very_o commodious_a as_o well_o for_o they_o who_o go_v forth_o as_o those_o that_o will_v sail_v upward_o to_o waterford_n upon_o the_o east-side_n about_o halfway_n the_o length_n lie_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n call_v duncannon_n which_o so_o command_v this_o harbour_n as_o no_o ship_n can_v go_v up_o or_o down_o against_o the_o will_n of_o those_o in_o the_o fort_n without_o run_v extreme_a hazard_n this_o haven_n in_o the_o end_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n both_o a_o great_a deal_n inferior_a to_o the_o principal_a harbour_n in_o breath_n and_o depth_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v capable_a of_o ship_n of_o a_o good_a big_a port_n especial_o the_o left_a which_o run_v westward_o to_o the_o city_n of_o waterford_n whereof_o this_o whole_a haven_n bear_v the_o name_n be_v situate_v some_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n from_o that_o division_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o place_n where_o the_o river_n sure_a fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n the_o right_a arm_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n barrow_n and_o extend_v itself_o straight_o along_o go_v up_o to_o ross_n a_o town_n in_o former_a time_n famous_a for_o trade_n the_o which_o be_v much_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o this_o division_n as_o the_o division_n be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n sect._n 2._o carlingford_n haven_n on_o the_o whole_a coast_n of_o leinster_n there_o be_v not_o one_o fair_a large_a harbour_n so_o as_o the_o next_o good_a haven_n from_o waterford_n northwards_o be_v that_o of_o carlingford_n which_o two_o harbour_n in_o sail_v straight_o along_o the_o coast_n be_v above_o a_o hundred_o mill_n distant_a this_o haven_n be_v some_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n long_o and_o nigh_o of_o the_o same_o breath_n be_v every_o where_o very_o deep_a so_o as_o the_o big_a ship_n may_v come_v there_o to_o a_o anchor_n and_o so_o environ_v with_o high_a land_n and_o mountain_n on_o all_o side_n that_o the_o ship_n do_v lie_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n so_o that_o this_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a haven_n of_o the_o world_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o entrance_n the_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o rock_n both_o blind_a one_o and_o other_o betwixt_o which_o the_o passage_n be_v very_o narrow_a whereby_o it_o come_v that_o this_o harbour_n be_v very_o little_o frequent_v by_o any_o great_a ship_n the_o rather_o because_o there_o be_v no_o traffic_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o good_a town_n seat_v on_o this_o haven_n for_o the_o town_n of_o carlingford_n who_o name_n it_o bear_v be_v a_o very_a poor_a place_n hardly_o worth_a the_o speak_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n be_v the_o nurie_n a_o fine_a little_a town_n until_o in_o this_o late_a bloody_a rebellion_n it_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n destroy_v by_o the_o irish_a by_o which_o town_n pass_v a_o little_a river_n call_v the_o nurie-water_n which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o harbour_n some_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n below_o the_o nurie_n be_v not_o portable_a but_o of_o very_o little_a bark_n and_o boat_n and_o that_o only_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v in_o sect._n 3_o strangford-haven_n and_o that_o of_o knockfergus_n about_o thirty_o mile_n northwards_o from_o carlingford-haven_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n the_o which_o in_o its_o entrance_n be_v almost_o as_o much_o encumber_a with_o rock_n of_o both_o kind_n as_o that_o of_o carlingford_n it_o be_v some_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n long_o and_o bear_v northwestward_a be_v the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a lough_n call_v loch_n cone_n the_o which_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o the_o most_o place_n but_o some_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o long_a do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v until_o the_o utmost_a end_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o go_v a_o very_a strong_a tide_n in_o this_o harbour_n which_o make_v the_o same_o the_o unsafer_n especial_o in_o great_a storm_n and_o high_a wind_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o great_a defence_n here_o on_o this_o haven_n and_o on_o the_o neighbour_a lough_n there_o lie_v never_o a_o good_a town_n strangford_n be_v more_o inconsiderable_a yet_o than_o carlingford_n the_o next_o great_a harbour_n upon_o this_o coast_n and_o about_o twenty_o mile_n more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v that_o of_o knocfergus_fw-la be_v a_o great_a wide_a bay_n the_o which_o in_o its_o mouth_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a &_o the_o northern_a point_n be_v no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n broad_a grow_v narrow_a by_o degree_n the_o far_a it_o go_v
a_o great_a way_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o sand_n and_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o bay_n lie_v a_o little_a island_n call_v in_o english_a mutton-iland_n and_o by_o the_o irish_a enis_n kerrigh_n which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n at_o the_o east_n side_n whereof_o one_o may_v anchor_v in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n of_o water_n but_o from_o thence_o northwards_o until_o the_o city_n of_o galloway_n which_o be_v the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n none_o but_o little_a vessel_n and_o bark_n can_v go_v the_o city_n stand_v not_o on_o the_o bay_n itself_o but_o on_o a_o broad_a water_n like_o a_o river_n the_o which_o not_o far_o above_o galloway_n come_v out_o of_o a_o great_a lake_n call_v lough_n corbes_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o bay_a a_o little_a above_o mutton_n i_o will_v sect._n 7._o the_o havens_n of_o limmerick_n smerwick_n dingle-bay_n ventrie_n and_o dingle-icoush_a the_o next_o great_a haven_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o ireland_n to_o the_o south_n of_o galloway_n be_v that_o of_o limmerick_n which_o haven_n divide_v the_o province_n of_o connaught_n from_o munster_n be_v of_o a_o huge_a length_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o mile_n for_o so_o far_o it_o be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n until_o the_o city_n of_o limmerick_n to_o who_o wall_n great_a vessel_n may_v go_v up_o without_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o all_o that_o way_n save_v a_o many_o little_a isle_n but_o not_o any_o fâ—ul_a place_n rock_n or_o sands_n this_o harbour_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a lough_n half_a way_n its_o length_n grow_v somewhat_o narrow_a but_o immediate_o enlarge_n itself_o again_o into_o a_o great_a breadth_n whereinto_o the_o river_n shanon_n upon_o who_o bank_n limmerick_n be_v situate_v discharge_v itself_o a_o little_a way_n below_o the_o say_a city_n although_o the_o english_a and_o the_o irish_a both_o call_v it_o the_o shanon_n all_o the_o way_n until_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lough_n into_o which_o the_o river_n fall_v but_o the_o river_n itself_o thus_o enlarge_v come_v out_o of_o this_o harbour_n the_o land_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n shoot_v a_o huge_a way_n westward_n into_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o side_n of_o which_o fore-land_n ten_o oâ—_n twelve_o mile_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o uttermost_a point_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o isle_n of_o blaske_n pass_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n not_o very_o great_a deep_a but_o clean_o and_o well_o enclose_v at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o fore-land_n and_o to_o the_o north-east_n from_o the_o blaske_n be_v a_o fair_a and_o very_a large_a bay_n call_v dingle-bay_n the_o which_o go_v very_o many_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n have_v in_o it_o divers_a good_a havens_n one_o whereof_o call_v ventry_n be_v four_o or_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o sound_n of_o blaske_n eastward_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n further_a be_v dingle-icoush_a before_o the_o mouth_n of_o which_o harbour_n and_o at_o the_o westside_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o rock_n call_v the_o crow_n round_o about_o the_o which_o one_o may_v sail_v without_o danger_n it_o be_v always_o above_o water_n but_o at_o spring_n tide_n at_o which_o time_n the_o sea_n do_v overflow_v it_o sect._n 8._o more_o bantrie_n and_o beerhaven_n against_o the_o southeast_n corner_n of_o dingle-bay_n lie_v a_o great_a island_n call_v valentia_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o safe_a road._n and_o a_o little_a way_n beyond_o that_o island_n go_v in_o another_o huge_a bay_n call_v more_o which_o shoot_v into_o the_o land_n a_o great_a deal_n further_o than_o dingle-bay_n and_o somewhat_o further_o be_v a_o three_o bay_n call_v bantrie_n which_o equal_v more_o both_o in_o breadth_n and_o length_n in_o both_o which_o as_o well_o as_o in_o dingle-bay_n there_o be_v several_a good_a harbour_n and_o road_n more_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n some_o fifty_o or_o five-and-forty_a fathom_n of_o water_n enter_v in_o further_a there_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o twenty_o and_o eighteen_o afterward_o you_o come_v to_o ten_o and_o to_o six_o and_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n to_o three_o and_o two_o fathom_n be_v throughout_o very_o clean_a and_o free_a from_o all_o kind_n of_o rock_n and_o sand_n except_o in_o very_a few_o place_n as_o you_o enter_v into_o bantrie_n side-ward_n upon_o the_o left_a hand_n lie_v a_o reasonable_a big_a i_o will_v call_v the_o island_n of_o beerhaven_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_a there_o go_v in_o a_o fair_a sound_n be_v a_o great_a musket_n shoot_v broad_a the_o which_o in_o its_o whole_a length_n from_o where_o it_o begin_v until_o the_o place_n where_o it_o end_v at_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v the_o space_n of_o some_o mile_n seâ—veth_v for_o a_o very_a good_a and_o safe_a port_n wherefore_o also_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hauâ—n_n be_v call_v beerhaven_n a_o good_a way_n within_o the_o mouthâ—ly_a some_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o which_o at_o high_a water_n be_v overflow_v &_o you_o may_v sail_v of_o either_o side_n of_o they_o &_o at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o sound_n where_o the_o same_o come_v out_o into_o the_o bantrie_n there_o lie_v two_o great_a rock_n just_a in_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o which_o the_o ship_n may_v pass_v as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o same_o and_o the_o land_n of_o either_o side_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o harbour_n or_o sound_n be_v every_o where_o very_o clean_a and_o clear_a and_o very_o good_a anchor-ground_n ten_o twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_n deep_a sect._n 9_o whiddie-haven_n and_o langerf_n in_o the_o innermost_a of_o the_o bantrie_n lie_v a_o island_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o call_v whiddie_a betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a wide_a bay_n be_v the_o uttermost_a end_n of_o the_o great_a bay_a bantrie_n where_o you_o may_v every_o where_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n in_o as_o much_o or_o as_o little_a water_n as_o you_o will_v according_a as_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o ride_v near_o the_o shore_n or_o further_a from_o it_o be_v every_o where_o clean_a ground_n ship_n may_v enter_v into_o this_o bay_n or_o sound_v in_o two_o several_a place_n at_o both_o end_n of_o the_o island_n but_o the_o entrance_n at_o the_o south-end_n be_v very_o dangerous_a because_o that_o there_o betwixt_o the_o island_n whiddie_a and_o the_o main_a land_n it_o be_v in_o most_o place_n foul_a and_o rocky_a but_o in_o the_o other_o entrance_n at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o the_o island_n be_v both_o room_n and_o depth_n enough_o it_o be_v much_o broad_a than_o that_o at_o the_o south-end_n and_o eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n deep_a and_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v do_v hurt_v except_o only_o a_o row_n of_o rock_n a_o little_a musket_n shoot_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o which_o be_v cover_v at_o high_a water_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o appear_v but_o at_o half_a â—bb_n right_o against_o this_o island_n at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o bantrie_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v langerf_n in_o which_o be_v every_o where_o good_a anchor_a and_o good_a ground_n only_o at_o the_o one_o side_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n close_o to_o the_o mouth_n lie_v some_o foul_a ground_n the_o which_o fall_v dry_a at_o the_o ebb_n of_o a_o springtide_n from_o beerhaven_n to_o the_o northern_a corner_n of_o the_o island_n whiddie_n the_o bantrie_n tend_v east-north-east_n and_o north-east_n eighteen_o or_o twenty_o mile_n in_o length_n over_o against_o beerhaven_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o fair_a water_n it_o be_v deep_a forty_o six_o and_o thirty_o and_o thirty_o fathom_n beyond_o the_o island_n fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o but_o further_o in_o approach_v the_o i_o will_v of_o whiddie_a it_o be_v again_o twenty_o and_o five_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n deep_a sect._n 10._o downams_n bay_n baltimore-bay_n and_o baltimore-haven_n next_o to_o the_o bantrie_n and_o only_o by_o a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n divide_v from_o it_o be_v downams_n bay_n be_v great_a and_o wide_o although_o no_o way_n comparable_a to_o any_o of_o those_o three_o already_o describe_v a_o very_a commodious_a road_n to_o save_v ship_n in_o and_o good_a anchor_n ground_n every_o where_o the_o land_n to_o the_o east_n of_o this_o bay_n shoot_v out_o very_o far_o to_o the_o seaward_o the_o uttermost_a point_n thereof_o call_v messan-head_n be_v the_o southermost_a cape_n of_o all_o ireland_n for_o cape_n de_fw-fr clare_n be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o east_n and_o somewhat_o more_o southerly_a be_v not_o on_o the_o main_n but_o in_o a_o island_n beyond_o messan-head_n be_v another_o bay_n far_o great_a than_o any_o of_o those_o
three_o forename_a but_o nothing_o like_o the_o same_o in_o shape_n nor_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n run_v with_o a_o long_a arm_n a_o huge_a way_n into_o the_o land_n but_o rather_o approach_v to_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o half_a moon_n in_o this_o bay_n be_v crook-haven_n school-haven_n and_o several_a other_o great_a havens_n not_o only_o on_o the_o main_a land_n but_o also_o in_o some_o of_o the_o land_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o this_o bay_n the_o most_o easterly_a of_o all_o these_o land_n be_v baltimore_n the_o which_o surpass_v all_o the_o other_o in_o bigness_n give_v its_o name_n unto_o the_o bay_n that_o part_n of_o the_o bay_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o this_o island_n and_o the_o main_n have_v a_o narrow_a entrance_n but_o within_o of_o a_o great_a largeness_n be_v a_o marvellous_a good_a road_n where_o ship_n may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n on_o either_o side_n &_o lie_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n it_o be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n deep_a on_o the_o side_n &_o six_o and_o 7._o in_o the_o midst_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n next_o to_o the_o east-side_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n &_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o another_o rock_n which_o appear_v at_o low_a water_n there_o be_v nothing_o else_o that_o can_v do_v hurt_v this_o haven_n be_v far_o the_o princpal_a of_o all_o this_o bay_n have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bay_n itself_o of_o the_o island_n be_v call_v baltimore-haven_n to_o the_o north_n of_o that_o island_n lie_v another_o â—land_n call_v spain-iland_n where_o one_o may_v pass_v betwixt_o these_o two_o land_n to_o the_o west_n and_o so_o out_o of_o baltimore-haven_n go_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o with_o small_a vessel_n because_o half_a flood_n there_o be_v not_o above_o 12._o or_o thiteen_fw-mi foot_n of_o water_n in_o all_o that_o channel_n sect._n 11_o castle-haven_n rosse-haven_n clandore_n haven_n with_o the_o havens_n of_o kinsale_n and_o cork_n some_o mile_n beyond_o baltimore-bay_n be_v castle-haven_n where_o ship_n may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o twelve_o fathom_n of_o water_n be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o very_o clear_a and_o clean_o as_o well_o in_o the_o entrance_n as_o within_o between_o castle-haven_n and_o kinsale_n be_v two_o other_o good_a havens_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o rosse_n and_o of_o clandore_n in_o which_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o and_o very_o clean_a ground_n the_o haven_n of_o kinsale_n be_v one_o of_o the_o famous_a of_o all_o ireland_n ship_n may_v sail_v into_o it_o keep_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n without_o any_o danger_n either_o without_o or_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n except_o a_o blind_a rock_n close_o to_o the_o east_n point_fw-fr within_o the_o haven_n on_o the_o westside_n lie_v a_o great_a shelf_n which_o shoot_v a_o great_a way_n off_o from_o the_o land_n but_o leave_v a_o very_a large_a passage_n along_o by_o the_o side_n of_o it_o in_o which_o as_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o harbour_n it_o be_v many_o fathom_v deep_a this_o haven_n for_o some_o mile_n go_v in_o north-north-east_n but_o afterward_o turn_v westward_o until_o the_o key_n of_o kinsale_n where_o ship_n may_v ride_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n of_o water_n be_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o kinsale_n be_v cork-haven_n the_o which_o go_v in_o north-north-east_n be_v within_o large_a and_o wide_a run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n for_o the_o town_n of_o cork_n until_o who_o key_n this_o haven_n be_v very_o clean_a and_o deep_a be_v seat_v many_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o lesser_a havens_n and_o the_o bar_a havens_n of_o ireland_n also_o of_o the_o road_n and_o anchor-place_n upon_o the_o coast_n and_o in_o the_o little_a land_n near_o the_o coast_n sect._n 1_o wexford-haven_n after_o the_o description_n of_o the_o principal_a havens_n of_o ireland_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o they_o of_o less_o moment_n in_o which_o number_n we_o put_v all_o those_o which_o either_o in_o their_o entrance_n or_o within_o have_v not_o water_n enough_o for_o the_o bigh_a sort_n of_o vessel_n as_o likewise_o those_o the_o which_o be_v deep_a enough_o be_v but_o very_o little_a and_o of_o a_o small_a pourprise_n and_o in_o this_o description_n we_o shall_v observe_v the_o same_o order_n as_o in_o the_o former_a begin_v with_o wexford_n and_o so_o go_v northward_o than_o west_n afterward_o southward_o and_o last_o east_n and_o northeastward_a until_o we_o have_v go_v about_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n run_v in_o west_n and_o by_o north_n and_o with_o her_o innermost_a part_n altogether_o northward_o just_o before_o this_o haven_n lie_v two_o great_a shelf_n of_o sand_n by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o the_o other_o of_o which_o that_o on_o the_o southside_n be_v call_v hanemans-path_n and_o the_o other_o north-ground_n there_o go_v a_o channel_n betwixt_o hanemans-path_n and_o the_o land_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o haven_n and_o another_o betwixt_o the_o north-side_n and_o the_o north-ground_n but_o this_o last_o have_v but_o six_o foot_n of_o water_n at_o full_a flood_n and_o in_o the_o other_o eight_o foot_n with_o the_o flood_n of_o ordinary_a tide_n and_o ten_o at_o springtide_n the_o chief_a channel_n be_v that_o which_o go_v in_o betwixt_o the_o two_o sand_n be_v four_o and_o five_o fathom_n deep_a beside_o these_o sand_n there_o be_v another_o shelf_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n itself_o which_o kind_n of_o sandy-bank_n lie_v across_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o harbour_n and_o river_n be_v usual_o call_v bar_n and_o the_o havens_n which_o have_v they_o bared-haven_n with_o a_o high_a flood_n there_o be_v about_o sixteen_o foot_n of_o water_n be_v past_o the_o bar_n you_o have_v for_o some_o way_n three_o fathom_n of_o water_n three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o but_o afterward_o for_o a_o great_a way_n but_o ten_o foot_n and_o ten_o a_o half_a with_o a_o high_a flood_n although_o under_o the_o castle_n where_o the_o ship_n come_v to_o a_o anchor_n you_o have_v four_o fathom_n and_o before_o the_o town_n three_o but_o because_o of_o the_o forementioned_a shallows_o no_o vessel_n can_v go_v to_o wexford_n that_o draw_v more_o than_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o must_v unlade_v and_o lade_v in_o a_o creek_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n on_o the_o southside_n about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o town_n where_o be_v water_n enough_o but_o no_o shelter_n for_o the_o south-west_n wind_n the_o which_o do_v come_v over_o the_o land_n to_o this_o place_n sect._n 2._o dublin-haven_n dublin_n haven_n have_v a_o bar_n in_o the_o mouth_n upon_o which_o at_o high-flood_n and_o springtide_n there_o be_v fifteen_o and_o eighteen_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o at_o the_o ebb_n and_o nepâ—-tide_n but_o six_o with_o a_o ordinary_a tide_n you_o can_v go_v to_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n with_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v five_o foot_n of_o water_n but_o with_o a_o springtide_n you_o may_v go_v up_o with_o ship_n that_o draw_v seven_o and_o eight_o foot_n those_o that_o go_v deep_o can_v go_v near_a dublin_n than_o the_o rings-end_n a_o place_n three_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o bar_n and_o one_o from_o dublin_n this_o haven_n almost_o all_o over_o fall_v dry_a with_o the_o ebb_n as_o well_o below_o rings-end_n as_o above_o it_o so_o as_o you_o may_v go_v dry-foot_o round_o about_o the_o ship_n which_o lie_v at_o a_o anchor_n there_o except_o in_o two_o place_n one_o at_o the_o north-side_n half_a way_n betwixt_o dublin_n and_o the_o bar_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o southside_n not_o far_o from_o it_o in_o these_o two_o little_a creek_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v the_o pool_n of_o clantarf_n and_o the_o other_o poolebeg_n it_o never_o fall_v dry_a but_o the_o ship_n which_o ride_v at_o a_o anchor_n remain_v ever_o afloat_o because_o at_o low_a water_n you_o have_v nine_o or_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n there_o this_o haven_n beside_o its_o shallownes_n have_v yet_o another_o great_a incommodity_n that_o the_o ship_n have_v hardly_o any_o shelter_n there_o for_o any_o wind_n not_o only_o such_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o those_o which_o come_v off_o from_o the_o land_n especial_o out_o of_o the_o south-west_n so_o as_o with_o a_o great_a south-west_n storm_n the_o ship_n run_v great_a hazard_n to_o be_v carry_v away_o from_o their_o anchor_n and_o drive_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o more_o than_o once_o have_v come_v to_o pass_v and_o particular_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n anno_fw-la 1637_o when_o in_o one_o night_n ten_o or_o twelve_o bark_n have_v that_o misfortune_n befall_v they_o of_o the_o most_o
part_n whereof_o never_o no_o news_n have_v be_v hear_v since_o sect._n 3_o the_o havens_n of_o drogheda_n and_o dundalk_n the_o haven_n of_o drogheda_n or_o as_o the_o word_n be_v pronounce_v in_o common_a use_n tredagh_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o be_v get_v into_o as_o have_v not_o only_o a_o bar_n lie_v across_o before_o its_o mouth_n over_o the_o which_o vessel_n can_v pass_v but_o at_o high_a water_n but_o also_o very_o narrow_a in_o the_o mouth_n this_o haven_n not_o be_v a_o arm_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o a_o river_n which_o keep_v she_o own_o bigness_n until_o the_o end_n without_o receive_v any_o notable_a enlargement_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o her_o mouth_n as_o other_o river_n use_v to_o do_v upon_o this_o bar_n be_v as_o much_o water_n as_o upon_o that_o of_o dublin_n and_o the_o ship_n which_o can_v pass_v the_o bar_n may_v go_v up_o to_o the_o key_n of_o tredagh_n which_o town_n be_v seat_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o month_n of_o this_o river_n which_o be_v call_v the_o boine_n sixteen_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o tredagh_n stand_v dundalk_v where_o a_o wide_a open_a bay_n make_v by_o the_o give_v back_o and_o retire_n of_o the_o coast_n grow_v narrow_a and_o receive_v a_o little_a river_n which_o above_o dundalk_n be_v but_o a_o small_a brook_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o haven_n where_o never_o be_v much_o water_n and_o with_o the_o ebb_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o a_o foot_n wherefore_o and_o because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o shelter_n for_o the_o wind_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o usual_a traffic_n this_o road_n be_v very_o little_o frequent_v sect._n 4._o the_o havens_n oâ—_n dondrom_n arglas_n oldfleet_n belletree_n and_o the_o band._n a_o few_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o strongford_n be_v the_o havens_n of_o dondrom_n and_o arglas_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o both_o little_a and_o not_o very_o deep_a but_o safe_a and_o a_o little_a way_n beyond_o the_o northern_a point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n be_v oldfleet-haven_n a_o harbour_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n as_o those_o two_o last_o mention_v port_n belletree_n six_o or_o seven_o mile_n to_o the_o west_n of_o fair-foreland_a the_o north-easterly_a point_n of_o ireland_n be_v as_o little_a as_o any_o of_o those_o three_o less_o defend_v of_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n sharp_a and_o foul_a some_o mile_n further_o be_v the_o haven_n of_o colrain_n call_v band-haven_n the_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n band_n the_o which_o here_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n keep_v she_o own_o narrowness_n until_o the_o end_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o say_v above_o of_o the_o haven_n of_o tredagh_n this_o river_n pass_v through_o lough_n neaugh_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o all_o ireland_n the_o which_o receive_v several_a river_n have_v no_o other_o outlet_a into_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o band_n carry_v a_o mighty_a deal_n of_o water_n the_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o narrow_a channel_n pour_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o great_a violence_n for_o which_o reason_n and_o because_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o mouth_n this_o haven_n be_v very_o hard_a to_o enter_v have_v also_o but_o little_a depth_n so_o as_o vessel_n which_o draw_v eight_o foot_n of_o water_n must_v at_o least_o have_v three_o quarter_n of_o the_o flood_n before_o they_o can_v enter_v sect._n 5._o tellin-haven_n mackswins-bay_n the_o havens_n of_o balleshanon_n slego_n endrigo_n moy_n and_o niffadoy_n upon_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o ulster_n about_o half_a way_n between_o cape_n tellin_n and_o kilbeg_n be_v tellin-haven_n a_o round_a bay_n with_o good_a sand_n ground_n which_o will_v contain_v about_o thirty_o ship_n west_n and_o south-west_n wind_n blow_v direct_o into_o it_o but_o off_o all_o other_o wind_v one_o be_v there_o defend_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n eastward_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v mackswins_n bay_n where_o a_o ship_n may_v ride_v safe_a without_o cable_n and_o anchor_n but_o the_o entrance_n be_v every_o where_o beset_v with_o rock_n it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o go_v into_o it_o some_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o dungal-haven_n be_v balleshanon_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o that_o short_a river_n by_o which_o lough-earn_a one_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o ireland_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n which_o river_n run_v just_a on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o two_o province_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n divide_v the_o same_o this_o have_v a_o bar_n before_o it_o by_o reason_n whereof_o no_o big_a vessel_n than_o of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o tun_n can_v enter_v into_o it_o slego_n and_o endrigo_n be_v two_o little_a harbour_n situate_v near_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o connaught_n very_o much_o encumber_a with_o rock_n and_o sand_n in_o the_o entrance_n but_o otherwise_o reasonable_o deep_a for_o a_o ship_n of_o two_o hundred_o ton_n may_v come_v and_o ride_v before_o the_o town_n of_o slego_n about_o half_a way_n between_o slego_n and_o broad-haven_n be_v moy_n be_v the_o innermost_a of_o a_o great_a bay_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o little_a island_n somewhat_o long_o the_o which_o lie_v cross_a in_o that_o manner_n that_o only_o one_o channel_n remain_v whereby_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o great_a bay_n into_o the_o lesser_a or_o the_o haven_n which_o channel_n be_v twelve_o foot_n deep_a but_o in_o the_o haven_n itself_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o two_o little_a creek_n divide_v asunder_o by_o some_o sand_n lie_v betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o foot_n deep_a but_o in_o the_o little_a channel_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o inmost_a creek_n be_v near_o to_o the_o village_n moy_fw-fr there_o be_v but_o nine_o foot_n of_o water_n at_o full_a flood_n with_o a_o ordinary_a tide_n some_o mile_n to_o the_o southeast_n of_o sline-head_n a_o famous_a cape_n in_o connaught_n and_o situate_v about_o half_a way_n the_o length_n of_o that_o province_n be_v port_n niffadoy_n a_o reasonable_a good_a harbour_n but_o very_o dangerous_a to_o get_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o round_o about_o be_v full_a of_o rock_n both_o blind_a one_o and_o other_o sect._n 6._o the_o havens_n of_o trailie_n youghall_n and_o dungarvan_n item_n of_o wickloe_n arckloe_n malahide_v etc._n etc._n at_o trailie_n half_a way_n between_o smerwick_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n be_v a_o fair_a haven_n but_o none_o of_o the_o big_a about_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o cork_n and_o waterford_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o youghall_n before_o the_o which_o lie_v a_o bar_n not_o to_o be_v pass_v but_o at_o high_a water_n twelve_o mile_n eastward_n from_o youghall_n be_v dungarvan_n be_v a_o narrow_a tide-haven_n who_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o rock_n many_o of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o so_o more_o dangerous_a and_o at_o low_a water_n it_o fall_v dry_a so_o as_o one_o must_v go_v into_o it_o at_o high_a flood_n and_o pass_v amid_o the_o rock_n as_o for_o the_o havens_n of_o arckloe_n where_o with_o high_a water_n it_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n deep_a of_o wickloe_n where_o at_o full_a flood_n you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n malahide_v a_o little_a to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n coldach-haven_n and_o red-haven_n the_o first_o betwixt_o loughsoile_n and_o loughsuillie_o and_o the_o other_o betwixt_o loughsuillie_n and_o sheeps-haven_n milk-haven_n not_o far_o from_o slego_n mablin-haven_n betwixt_o waterford_n and_o wexford_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n they_o be_v so_o little_a that_o they_o will_v hardly_o serve_v for_o other_o than_o fisherboate_n and_o therefore_o scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o havens_n sect._n 7._o road_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n from_o waterford_n to_o fair-foreland_n beâ—ides_v this_o great_a number_n of_o havens_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v many_o good_a road_n where_o ship_n at_o need_n may_v save_v themselves_o and_o commodious_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n not_o only_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o main_a land_n but_o also_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o little_a land_n which_o lie_v round_o about_o ireland_n to_o begin_v with_o those_o on_o the_o main_a from_o the_o point_n of_o waterford_n to_o carnarord_n be_v the_o space_n of_o about_o twenty_o mile_n the_o coast_n be_v full_a of_o bay_n where_o one_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n under_o carnarord_n ship_n anchor_n in_o six_o and_o nine_o fathom_n in_o st_n margaret_n bay_n three_o mile_n from_o carnarord_n it_o be_v good_a anckor_n in_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n sand_n ground_n a_o little_a further_o be_v the_o bay_n of_o grenore_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_v as_o near_o the_o land_n as_o you_o will_v in_o six_o five_o four_o or_o three_o fathom_n some_o mile_n from_o
sand_n or_o ground_n as_o any_o in_o all_o the_o world_n not_o alone_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n where_o the_o same_o be_v wide_a and_o open_a far_o distant_a from_o all_o other_o land_n but_o upon_o the_o east-side_n where_o the_o same_o be_v enclose_v betwixt_o ireland_n and_o great-britain_n in_o which_o whole_a space_n it_o have_v not_o any_o other_o sand_n than_o those_o situate_v along_o the_o coast_n between_o dublin_n and_o wexford_n these_o indeed_o be_v of_o a_o huge_a extent_n but_o not_o turn_v and_o wind_v as_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o other_o place_n but_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n north-north-east_n &_o southsouthwest_n be_v far_o from_o the_o land_n with_o their_o north-end_n and_o as_o they_o go_v southward_o so_o they_o do_v come_v near_o to_o the_o land_n and_o near_o the_o tuskar_n a_o rock_n right_n against_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n in_o which_o place_n they_o end_v they_o be_v not_o much_o more_o than_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o land_n whereas_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o north-end_n near_o the_o island_n dalkee_n which_o island_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v lie_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o dublin-bay_n about_o threescore_o mile_n from_o the_o tuskar_n be_v above_o eight_o mile_n they_o be_v all_o of_o a_o stoney-ground_n in_o some_o place_n but_o one_o fathom_n deep_a and_o a_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a but_o in_o the_o north-end_n two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o fathom_n betwixt_o these_o ground_n and_o the_o land_n lie_v two_o or_o three_o little_a sand_n beside_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o and_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n one_o betwixt_o the_o south-end_n and_o greenore_n another_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o glascarick_n a_o good_a mile_n from_o the_o land_n call_v rush_n and_o ram_n and_o a_o three_o one_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o arcklohead_n call_v glaskerman_n somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n and_o about_o two_o mile_n long_o sect._n 2._o of_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o land_n and_o the_o forename_a ground_n the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o great_a ground_n and_o the_o land_n be_v very_o deep_a all_o over_o so_o that_o the_o big_a vessel_n may_v pass_v through_o it_o from_o dublin_n to_o wexford_n and_o from_o wexford_n to_o dublin_n take_v care_n only_o that_o they_o do_v not_o come_v too_o near_o the_o ground_n the_o which_o be_v very_o steep_a on_o the_o inside_n as_o they_o be_v also_o without_o or_o on_o the_o east-side_n where_o ship_n may_v not_o come_v near_o to_o they_o than_o in_o 24._o and_o 25._o fathom_n because_o that_o in_o twenty_o fathom_n one_o be_v close_o by_o they_o it_o be_v requisite_a not_o to_o go_v further_o off_o from_o the_o land_n than_o in_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n in_o which_o depth_n ship_n may_v within_o a_o cabel_n length_n sail_v all_o along_o the_o coast_n the_o which_o here_o every_o where_o be_v very_o clean_a and_o free_a from_o all_o danger_n and_o even_o between_o the_o land_n and_o the_o forename_a small_a ground_n glaskerman_n and_o rush_n and_o ram_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o clean_a and_o deep_a so_o as_o most_o ship_n do_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o land_n and_o not_o about_o by_o the_o out_o side_n of_o they_o these_o sand_n in_o four_o several_a place_n be_v cut_v through_o with_o fair_a broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v over_o against_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n the_o other_o against_o glascarick_n be_v no_o less_o than_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o fathom_n deep_a the_o three_o right_n against_o arckloe_n in_o which_o channel_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n deep_a and_o the_o four_o be_v direct_o against_o wickloe_n sect._n 3_o blind_a rock_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n from_o the_o saltee_n unto_o wickloe_n there_o be_v some_o blind_a rock_n in_o this_o sea_n but_o lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n close_o under_o the_o land_n or_o near_o some_o of_o the_o little_a land_n or_o high_a rock_n so_o as_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v shun_v the_o rather_o because_o most_o of_o they_o do_v at_o low_a water_n appear_v either_o in_o part_n or_o altogether_o to_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o these_o in_o order_n the_o saltee_n two_o little_a land_n situate_v half_a way_n between_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n and_o and_o the_o head_n of_o carnarord_n of_o the_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v heretofore_o have_v both_o at_o the_o north-side_n some_o blind_a rock_n whereof_o those_o which_o lie_v near_o the_o big_a and_o southermost_a island_n fall_v dry_a at_o low_a water_n about_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o same_o big_a island_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n call_v kinmore_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ship_n at_o half_a ebb_n it_o come_v above_o water_n and_o be_v so_o steep_a that_o with_o the_o side_n of_o a_o ship_n one_o may_v lie_v close_o against_o it_o and_o have_v fourteen_o fathom_n of_o water_n so_o as_o without_o any_o danger_n one_o may_v sail_v very_o close_o by_o it_o to_o the_o southeast_n of_o the_o fore_n name_v big_a island_n do_v also_o lie_v some_o blind_a rock_n call_v the_o frail_n the_o which_o may_v be_v see_v at_o low_a water_n and_o ship_n may_v pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o blackrock_n a_o note_a rock_n whereof_o shall_v be_v speak_v anon_o lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n call_v the_o barrel_n of_o the_o which_o one_o must_v take_v heed_n very_o careful_o a_o little_a to_o the_o west_n of_o carnarord_n lie_v a_o small_a rocky_a foul_a close_o under_o the_o land_n betwixt_o carnarord_n and_o st_n margaret_n bay_n it_o be_v foul_a and_o rocky_a but_o the_o foul_a ground_n do_v not_o reach_v far_o into_o the_o sea_n southsoutheast_n from_o st_n margaret_n bay_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n call_v caliogh_n the_o which_o at_o low_a water_n fall_v dry_a from_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n a_o riff_o of_o blind_a rock_n and_o stone_n run_v almost_o the_o length_n of_o a_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o which_o at_o low_a water_n fall_v dry_a a_o good_a way_n from_o the_o land_n at_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o head_n of_o arcklo_n lie_v a_o little_a stony_a row_n the_o which_o be_v shun_v very_o careful_o by_o the_o ship_n not_o dare_v to_o come_v near_o to_o it_o than_o in_o five_o fathom_n of_o water_n sect._n 4._o the_o rest_n of_o the_o blind_a rock_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n just_o to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o wickloe_n a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o land_n lie_v a_o rocky_a sand_n call_v horse-shoe_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o land_n ship_n may_v sail_v through_o if_o need_v be_v but_o that_o be_v full_a of_o danger_n it_o be_v do_v very_o seldom_o and_o a_o little_a further_o to_o the_o south_n lie_v a_o little_a blind_a rock_n close_o by_o the_o land_n call_v the_o wolf_n the_o which_o at_o half_a ebb_n come_v above_o water_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o land_n fisher_n boat_n do_v pass_v the_o like_a blind_a rock_n &_o rocky_a sand_n lie_v upon_o the_o coast_n betwixt_o tredagh_n and_o dundalk_v as_o also_o betwixt_o dundalk_n and_o carlingford_n in_o both_o place_n close_o under_o the_o land_n at_o both_o the_o point_n of_o the_o havens_n of_o carlingford_n &_o strangford_n under_o st_n johns_n point_n situate_v half_a way_n between_o those_o two_o havens_n on_o both_o side_n of_o those_o two_o great_a rock_n a_o little_a way_n beyond_o strangford_n haven_n call_v southrock_n and_o northrock_n between_o the_o land_n of_o copland_n iles_n and_o the_o land_n at_o the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n round_o about_o those_o great_a rock_n over_o against_o oldfleet_n call_v the_o nine_o maid_n to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o little_a island_n call_v sheeps-iland_n betwixt_o port_n belletree_n and_o skire_n portrush_v which_o rock_n be_v call_v the_o chicken_n halfway_n betwixt_o loughsuillie_a and_o sheeps-haven_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n which_o rock_n the_o flood_n do_v cover_v but_o at_o ebb_n they_o come_v above_o water_n &_o in_o several_a other_o place_n upon_o the_o west-coast_n &_o the_o south-coast_n the_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a all_o to_o particularise_v wherefore_o we_o will_v conclude_v this_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o blind_a rock_n with_o that_o which_o to_o the_o west_n of_o st_n johns_n point_n a_o point_n situate_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n southwards_o from_o kilbeg-haven_n do_v lie_v somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n off_o from_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o the_o sea_n break_v with_o great_a noise_n and_o nevertheless_o one_o may_v free_o and_o without_o any_o danger_n sail_n between_o the_o same_o and_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o rock_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o the_o
taste_v in_o which_o property_n nevertheless_o and_o in_o the_o wholsomness_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o difference_n be_v find_v and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o in_o other_o country_n for_o those_o which_o spring_n out_o of_o a_o gravelly_a or_o sandy_a ground_n be_v pure_a than_o those_o that_o spring_n out_o of_o earth_n or_o clay_n those_o that_o rise_v out_o of_o a_o stony_a or_o rocky_a ground_n cool_a than_o any_o of_o the_o former_a those_o that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o free_o receive_v the_o beaâ—â—_n thereof_o especial_o of_o the_o morning_n sun_n have_v light_a and_o wholesome_a water_n although_o less_o cool_a than_o those_o which_o be_v contrary_o seat_v and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n sect._n 2._o spaes_n and_o holy-wel_n in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o some_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o ireland_n some_o of_o they_o not_o far_o from_o dublin_n and_o other_o in_o other_o part_n who_o vein_n run_v through_o certain_a mineral_n and_o wash_v off_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o yield_v a_o medicinal_a water_n apt_a to_o open_v the_o obstruction_n of_o man_n body_n and_o to_o cure_v other_o accident_n thereof_o which_o kind_n of_o fountain_n be_v common_o call_v spaes_n a_o name_n borrow_v of_o a_o certain_a village_n in_o the_o country_n of_o liege_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o spring_n of_o that_o sort_n absolute_o the_o princpal_a and_o the_o most_o effectual_a of_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o therefore_o of_o very_o great_a renown_n in_o near_a and_o in_o far_a country_n beside_o these_o spaes_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o fountain_n throughout_o all_o the_o land_n call_v holy-wel_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o water_n not_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o other_o well_n in_o smell_n taste_n or_o in_o any_o other_o sensible_a quality_n neverthelese_fw-mi be_v believe_v to_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n but_o experience_n do_v show_v that_o those_o virtue_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o spring_n themselves_o but_o only_o in_o the_o vain_a imagination_n of_o the_o superstitious_a people_n the_o which_o also_o have_v dedicate_v every_o one_o of_o those_o to_o some_o particular_a saint_n do_v expect_v the_o suppose_a virtue_n rather_o from_o the_o power_n of_o they_o than_o from_o any_o natural_a efficaciousness_n inherent_a in_o the_o water_n itself_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o fabulous_a fountain_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la as_o for_o those_o wonderful_a spring_n mention_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la one_o in_o munster_n who_o water_n present_o make_v they_o gray_a that_o wash_v their_o head_n or_o beard_n therewith_o one_o in_o ulster_n of_o quite_o contrary_a virtue_n so_o that_o the_o person_n wash_v therewith_o never_o come_v to_o be_v gray_a one_o in_o connaught_n who_o water_n good_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o drink_n and_o other_o use_n of_o man_n be_v hurtful_a yea_o deadly_a to_o cattle_n sheep_n horse_n and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o yet_o another_o in_o the_o same_o province_n the_o which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n side_n eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o a_o day_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v not_o hitherto_o come_v to_o the_o speech_n of_o any_o who_o in_o our_o time_n have_v see_v those_o fountain_n or_o observe_v any_o such_o thing_n in_o they_o which_o make_v i_o doubt_n that_o that_o good_a man_n have_v be_v deceive_v herein_o by_o his_o credulity_n as_o in_o innumerable_a other_o thing_n the_o which_o be_v evident_o untrue_a and_o fictitious_a be_v by_o he_o relate_v for_o certain_a truth_n as_o in_o this_o matter_n who_o see_v not_o the_o idleness_n of_o that_o fiction_n concern_v a_o certain_a fountain_n in_o munster_n whereof_o he_o write_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o body_n do_v touch_v it_o or_o but_o look_v at_o it_o it_o begin_v present_o to_o rain_v most_o heavy_o over_o all_o the_o province_n and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v until_o a_o certain_a priest_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o who_o have_v never_o lose_v his_o maidenhead_n do_v appease_v the_o fountain_n in_o sing_v a_o mass_n in_o a_o chapel_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o and_o build_v express_o for_o that_o end_n and_o in_o be_v sprinkle_v the_o same_o fountain_n with_o holywater_n and_o with_o the_o milk_n of_o a_o cow_n of_o one_o colour_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o brook_n in_o ireland_n no_o country_n in_o the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o brook_n than_o ireland_n where_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a &_o water_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n on_o all_o side_n they_o take_v their_o beginning_n three_o several_a manner_n of_o way_n some_o have_v their_o source_n of_o fountain_n the_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a not_o only_o those_o who_o carry_v the_o water_n but_o of_o one_o spring_n most_o of_o which_o be_v rather_o like_a unto_o a_o gutter_n than_o a_o brook_n but_o even_o those_o into_o which_o the_o water_n of_o several_a fountain_n do_v flow_v together_o other_o rise_v out_o of_o bog_n the_o which_o beside_o their_o own_o universal_a wetness_n be_v full_a of_o spring_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o gather_v in_o they_o more_o water_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o drink_v in_o or_o contain_v do_v necessary_o send_v out_o the_o same_o in_o convenient_a place_n and_o so_o give_v a_o beginning_n unto_o rivulet_n and_o brook_n the_o three_o sort_n take_v their_o beginning_n out_o of_o certain_a small_a lough_n which_o brook_v ordinary_o be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o far_o surpass_v the_o other_o two_o sort_n although_o there_o do_v not_o want_v some_o even_o of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o any_o of_o these_o kind_n who_o come_v to_o any_o notable_a bigness_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v to_o be_v solitary_a and_o until_o have_v receive_v the_o water_n of_o several_a other_o brook_n do_v thereby_o grow_v more_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v in_o their_o first_o original_n these_o brook_n beside_o the_o great_a good_a they_o do_v the_o land_n in_o water_v the_o same_o &_o beside_o the_o commodity_n they_o afford_v of_o drench_a the_o cattle_n &_o other_o beast_n do_v also_o great_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o another_o good_a use_n to_o wit_v the_o grind_n of_o their_o corn_n whereunto_o the_o windmill_n be_v very_o little_o use_v in_o ireland_n because_o they_o have_v the_o conveniency_n through_o the_o great_a number_n of_o brook_n to_o erect_v watermill_n in_o every_o quarter_n where_o it_o be_v necessary_a which_o bring_v a_o great_a profit_n to_o the_o owner_n be_v keep_v and_o maintain_v with_o less_o cost_n and_o labour_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o swell_a and_o overflow_n of_o the_o brook_n some_o of_o the_o brook_n do_v flow_v in_o a_o equal_a bigness_n all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o receive_v any_o notable_a increase_n or_o diminish_n but_o far_o the_o major_a part_n do_v change_v according_a to_o the_o wet_a or_o dry_a season_n of_o the_o yeâ—r_n and_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n or_o run_v through_o hilly_a country_n swell_v so_o excessive_o when_o any_o great_a rain_n do_v fall_v that_o they_o not_o only_o overflow_v the_o next_o low_a ground_n do_v many_o time_n great_a damage_n in_o they_o but_o also_o bring_v the_o wafer_v man_n into_o great_a distress_n for_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v very_o oft_o that_o a_o brook_n which_o ordinary_o be_v very_o shallow_a and_o still_o riseth_z so_o mighty_o through_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o rain_n water_n which_o from_o the_o next_o mountain_n and_o hill_n descend_v into_o it_o that_o a_o good_a horse_n can_v pass_v without_o swim_v where_o at_o other_o time_n a_o child_n easy_o may_v wade_v over_o and_o with_o that_o adundance_n of_o water_n be_v common_o join_v so_o strong_a and_o impetuous_a a_o current_n that_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v often_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o to_o their_o extreme_a danger_n and_o what_o soever_o we_o say_v herein_a of_o the_o brook_n be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o river_n the_o which_o otherwise_o in_o convenient_a place_n or_o foard_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o wherein_o the_o aforesaid_a danger_n be_v great_a yet_o so_o that_o few_o year_n pass_v in_o ireland_n in_o the_o which_o some_o person_n be_v not_o drown_v in_o that_o fashion_n sect._n 6._o strange_a invention_n of_o a_o man_n to_o pass_v a_o brook_n great_o rise_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o rain_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o insert_v here_o a_o particular_a observe_v by_o a_o very_a credible_a and_o reverend_a person_n theophilus_n buckwort_n bishop_n of_o dremore_n the_o which_o he_o have_v several_a time_n relate_v to_o
my_o brother_n and_o other_o be_v this_o the_o lagon_n a_o little_a river_n or_o brook_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o town_n of_o dremore_n upon_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v great_o rise_v through_o a_o great_a and_o last_a rain_n and_o have_v carry_v away_o the_o woodden-bridge_n whereby_o the_o same_o use_v to_o be_v pass_v at_o that_o town_n a_o country_n fellow_n who_o be_v travel_v that_o way_n have_v stay_v three_o day_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o water_n will_v fall_v and_o see_v that_o the_o rain_n continue_v grow_v impatient_a of_o stay_v long_o and_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o brook_n whatever_o the_o danger_n be_v but_o to_o do_v it_o with_o the_o less_o peril_n and_o the_o more_o steadiness_n he_o take_v a_o great_a heavy_a stone_n upon_o his_o shoulder_n who_o weight_n give_v he_o some_o firmness_n against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n he_o pass_v the_o same_o without_o harm_n and_o come_v safe_a to_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o wonderment_n of_o many_o people_n who_o have_v be_v look_v on_o and_o give_v he_o all_o for_o a_o lose_a person_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o brook_n of_o dromconran_n and_o rafernam_fw-la by_o dublin_n of_o these_o dangerous_a brook_n there_o be_v two_o hard_a by_o dublin_n both_o run_v into_o the_o haven_n somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n the_o one_o at_o the_o north-side_n thereof_o a_o little_a below_o the_o village_n dromconran_n which_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o highway_n from_o dublin_n to_o drogheda_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o southside_n close_o by_o the_o rings-end_n this_o call_v rafernam-water_n of_o the_o village_n by_o which_o it_o pass_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o dublin_n be_v far_o the_o worst_a of_o the_o two_o as_o take_v its_o beginning_n out_o of_o those_o great_a mountain_n southward_o from_o dublin_n from_o whence_o after_o any_o great_a rain_n such_o abundance_n of_o water_n be_v descend_v to_o it_o that_o the_o same_o which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v of_o very_o little_a depth_n grow_v thereby_o so_o deep_a and_o exceed_v violent_a that_o many_o person_n have_v lose_v their_o life_n therein_o among_o other_o mr._n john_n usher_n father_n to_o sir_n william_n usher_n that_o now_o be_v who_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o current_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o succour_v he_o although_o many_o person_n and_o of_o his_o near_a friend_n both_o afoot_a and_o horseback_n be_v by_o on_o both_o the_o side_n since_o that_o time_n a_o stone_n bridge_n have_v be_v build_v over_o that_o brook_n as_o over_o dromconran-water_n there_o have_v be_v one_o from_o ancient_a time_n upon_o the_o way_n betwixt_o dublin_n and_o rings-end_n which_o be_v hardly_o well_o accomplish_v when_o the_o brook_n in_o one_o of_o those_o furious_a rise_n quite_o alter_v its_o channel_n for_o a_o good_a way_n so_o as_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n as_o before_o but_o just_a before_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o let_v the_o same_o stand_v upon_o the_o dry_a land_n and_o consequent_o make_v it_o altogether_o useless_a in_o which_o perverse_a course_n it_o continue_v until_o perforce_o it_o be_v constrain_v to_o return_v to_o its_o old_a channel_n and_o to_o keep_v within_o the_o same_o to_o go_v from_o dublin_n to_o rafernam_fw-la one_o pass_v this_o river_n upon_o a_o woodden-bridge_n the_o which_o although_o it_o be_v high_a and_o strong_a nevertheless_o have_v several_a time_n be_v quite_o break_v and_o carry_v away_o through_o the_o violence_n of_o sudden_a flood_n although_o at_o other_o time_n and_o when_o that_o brook_n do_v only_o carry_v its_o ordinary_a water_n a_o child_n of_o five_o year_n may_v easy_o and_o without_o danger_n wade_v through_o it_o and_o a_o tall_a man_n on_o horseback_n ride_v underneath_o it_o not_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v it_o in_o the_o great_a flood_n the_o water_n many_o time_n rise_v so_o high_a as_o that_o it_o do_v not_o only_o touch_v but_o flow_v quite_o over_o the_o bridge_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o river_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o shanon_n beside_o the_o excessive_a number_n of_o brook_n wherewith_o ireland_n be_v water_v it_o have_v a_o good_a many_o river_n the_o which_o being_n broad_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o brook_n be_v consequent_o navigable_a although_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o portable_a of_o any_o great_a ship_n nor_o bark_n but_o only_o of_o small_a vessel_n and_o boat_n the_o princpal_a of_o all_o be_v the_o shanon_n who_o take_v his_o original_n out_o of_o lough-allen_n and_o in_o his_o course_n divide_v the_o province_n of_o connaught_n from_o leinster_n and_o afterward_o also_o from_o munster_n pass_v through_o two_o other_o great_a lough_n to_o wit_n lough-ree_n whereout_o she_o come_v just_a above_o atlone_a a_o mean_a market-town_n but_o adorn_v with_o a_o stately_a and_o strong_a castle_n the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o precedent_n of_o connaught_n and_o lough-dergh_a about_o half_a way_n betwixt_o atlone_a and_o limmerick_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o say_a town_n she_o discharge_v herself_o again_o into_o another_o lough_n by_o far_o the_o big_a of_o all_o the_o which_o extend_v itself_o from_o limmerick_n unto_o the_o sea_n and_o above_o fifty_o mile_n long_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o irish_a as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a not_o for_o a_o lough_n but_o for_o the_o shanon_n itself_o and_o consequent_o call_v with_o that_o name_n whereof_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o river_n be_v wide_a and_o deep_a every_o where_o so_o as_o she_o will_v be_v navigable_a in_o her_o whole_a length_n not_o only_o with_o boat_n of_o all_o sort_n but_o with_o reasonable_a big_a ship_n to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o they_o that_o inhabit_v near_o it_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o impediment_n of_o a_o certain_a rock_n some_o six_o mile_n above_o limmerick_n the_o which_o stand_v across_o in_o the_o channel_n and_o the_o river_n with_o great_a violence_n fall_v downward_o over_o it_o all_o communication_n of_o navigation_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o be_v thereby_o absolute_o hinder_v sir_n thomas_n wentworth_n lord_n wentworth_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o strafford_n he_o that_o in_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n be_v behead_v have_v be_v governor_n of_o ireland_n many_o year_n first_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o lord_n deputy_n and_o afterward_o of_o lord_n lieutenant_n have_v a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o that_o let_v in_o cause_v of_o a_o new_a channel_n to_o be_v dig_v for_o a_o little_a way_n whereby_o the_o river_n be_v make_v to_o alter_v her_o course_n shall_v have_v avoid_v that_o rock_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n send_v certain_a skilful_a man_n thither_o to_o view_v those_o part_n and_o careful_o to_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v feasible_a who_o make_v report_n that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v and_o will_v not_o cost_v above_o seven_o or_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a a_o sum_n not_o very_o considerable_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a profit_n which_o afterward_o will_v have_v be_v reap_v from_o that_o work_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v never_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o intent_n of_o public_a utility_n have_v be_v divert_v and_o smother_v by_o those_o of_o private_a profit_n as_o common_o it_o fall_v out_o sect._n 2._o the_o river_n suck_v sure_a our_o broad-water_n barrow_n and_o slay_v there_o be_v several_a other_o river_n in_o the_o province_n of_o connaught_n but_o none_o of_o they_o be_v any_o way_n comparable_a with_o the_o shanon_n for_o length_n breadth_n or_o depth_n and_o little_a to_o be_v say_v of_o they_o but_o that_o the_o suck_v the_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o shanon_n a_o little_a way_n below_o atlone_o be_v the_o princpal_a of_o all_o the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o munster_n be_v sure_a and_o broad-water_n the_o city_n of_o waterford_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o first_o of_o those_o two_o the_o which_o close_o by_o it_o discharge_v herself_o into_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o waterford-haven_n the_o other_o pass_v by_o lismore_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o youghall_n where_o it_o make_v a_o tide-haven_n next_o to_o those_o two_o be_v the_o river_n of_o cork_n and_o then_o that_o of_o kinsale_n the_o which_o be_v but_o of_o small_a moment_n as_o also_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o river_n of_o this_o province_n in_o leinster_n be_v the_o nure_n or_o our_o the_o barrow_n the_o slay_a the_o liffie_a and_o the_o boine_n beside_o some_o other_o of_o less_o moment_n the_o our_a and_o barrow_n do_v mingle_v their_o water_n at_o the_o town_n of_o ross_n from_o whence_o have_v past_o a_o little_a way_n together_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o right_a arm_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n and_o
find_v a_o open_a entrance_n and_o twice_o a_o day_n with_o the_o tide_n full_o flow_v into_o they_o make_v the_o water_n so_o salt_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o great_a error_n to_o take_v all_o those_o lough_n wherein_o that_o happen_v viz._n lough_n cone_n in_o the_o county_n of_o down_o loughfoile_n in_o the_o county_n of_o colrain_n loughsuille_a in_o tirconnell_n and_o the_o lough_n of_o cork_n rather_o for_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o for_o lake_n although_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v they_o all_o to_o be_v lough_n and_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o lough_n and_o in_o this_o number_n be_v also_o to_o be_v put_v that_o great_a lough_n betwixt_o limmerick_n and_o the_o sea_n through_o which_o the_o shanon_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v once_o or_o twice_o heretofore_o sect._n 4._o of_o lough-earne_a lough-neaugh_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a lough_n among_o the_o great_a lough_n of_o sweet-water_n be_v far_o the_o princpal_a lough-earne_a &_o lough-neaugh_a the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n be_v in_o effect_n two_o different_a lough_n join_v together_o only_o by_o a_o short_a and_o narrow_a channel_n of_o which_o two_o that_o which_o lie_v far_a within_o the_o land_n do_v extend_v itself_o in_o a_o manner_n direct_o north_n and_o south_n but_o the_o second_o which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n do_v lie_v east_n and_o west_n so_o that_o both_o together_o they_o have_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o bend_a elbow_n be_v both_o very_a broad_a in_o the_o midst_n grow_v by_o degree_n narrow_a towards_o both_o the_o end_n lough-neaugh_a lie_v in_o the_o north-easter_o part_n of_o ulster_n border_v upon_o the_o county_n of_o tirone_n armagh_n down_n antrim_n and_o colrain_n be_v of_o a_o round_a or_o rather_o somewhat_o oval_a figure_n next_o in_o bigness_n to_o these_o two_o be_v lough-corbes_a the_o same_o on_o who_o neather-end_n the_o city_n galloway_n be_v seat_v the_o two_o lough_n through_o which_o the_o shanon_n pass_v lough-ree_n and_o lough-dirg_n item_n lough-fingarrow_a in_o connaught_n betwixt_o the_o county_n of_o maio_n and_o roscomen_fw-mi in_o the_o last_o place_n as_o the_o least_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v lough-allen_n out_o of_o which_o the_o shanon_n take_v his_o original_n be_v nine_o mile_n long_o and_o three_o mile_n broad_a lough-meâ—ke_a situate_v betwixt_o lough-fingarrow_a and_o the_o lough_n of_o galloway_n and_o lough-larne_a in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n in_o munster_n not_o far_o from_o the_o upper-end_n of_o those_o two_o famous_a bay_n dingle_n and_o more_o the_o least_o of_o these_o be_v some_o mile_n long_o and_o broad_a and_o many_o mile_n in_o circuit_n but_o the_o big_a be_v of_o so_o vast_a a_o compass_n that_o they_o be_v more_o like_o a_o sea_n than_o a_o lough_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o lough_n most_o of_o these_o great_a lough_n be_v very_o full_a of_o little_a land_n and_o above_o all_o lough-earne_a in_o which_o the_o same_o be_v numberless_a in_o lough-cone_n also_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o those_o who_o inhabit_v about_o it_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v two_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o lough-ree_n and_o lough-dirg_n be_v likewise_o very_o full_a of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o good_a many_o in_o lough-fingarrow_a lough-larne_a and_o suille_n but_o loughfoile_n be_v very_o free_a from_o they_o and_o in_o the_o lough_n of_o cork_n there_o be_v not_o above_o one_o or_o two_o as_o likewise_o in_o lough-neaugh_a in_o which_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o â—ides_n leave_v the_o midst_n altogether_o free_a very_o few_o of_o these_o land_n be_v inhabit_v or_o plant_v but_o the_o most_o part_n be_v plentiful_o clothe_v with_o very_o sweet_a grass_n serve_v for_o pasture_n to_o sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n the_o which_o do_v thrive_v wonderful_o well_o in_o they_o and_o the_o same_o befall_v also_o in_o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o lough_n among_o which_o likewise_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o have_v not_o some_o of_o these_o little_a land_n in_o they_o in_o some_o few_o of_o these_o land_n especial_o of_o lough-earne_a and_o lough-ree_n be_v some_o dwelling_n whereunto_o person_n who_o love_v solitariness_n be_v wont_a to_o retire_v themselves_o and_o may_v live_v there_o with_o much_o contentment_n as_o find_v there_o not_o only_a privacy_n and_o quietness_n with_o opportunity_n for_o study_n and_o contemplation_n but_o there_o beside_o great_a delightfulness_n in_o the_o place_n itself_o with_o variety_n of_o very_a sweet_a pastime_n in_o fowl_v fish_v plant_v and_o garden_v in_o one_o of_o the_o great_a land_n of_o lough-earne_a sir_n henry_n spotteswood_n have_v a_o fine_a seat_n with_o goodly_a building_n garden_n orchard_n and_o a_o pretty_a little_a village_n with_o a_o church_n and_o steeple_n belong_v to_o it_o which_o whither_o it_o be_v in_o be_v yet_o or_o destroy_v by_o the_o barbarian_n and_o bloody_a rebel_n i_o be_o not_o inform_v in_o lough_n sillon_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n in_o a_o island_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n where_o the_o river_n nanneâ—_n run_v into_o it_o be_v a_o castle_n build_v of_o form_n four_o square_v which_o cover_v the_o whole_a i_o will_v much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o fort_n eneskellin_n in_o lough-earne_a and_o so_o many_o more_o to_o long_o to_o be_v rehearse_v sect._n 6._o of_o st_n patrik_v purgatory_n one_o of_o these_o little_a land_n situate_v in_o lough-dirg_n one_o of_o the_o middle-sort_n of_o lough_n have_v be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o space_n of_o some_o age_n over_z almost_o all_o christendom_n because_o the_o world_n be_v make_v to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v the_o suburb_n of_o purgatory_n into_o which_o whoso_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o go_v and_o remain_v there_o the_o appoint_a time_n do_v see_v and_o suffer_v very_o strange_a and_o terrible_a thing_n which_o persuasion_n have_v last_v until_o our_o time_n the_o matter_n have_v be_v discover_v with_o in_o these_o few_o year_n and_o find_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a illusion_n this_o discovery_n be_v make_v during_o the_o government_n of_o richard_n boil_v earl_n of_o cork_n and_o adam_n lostus_fw-la viscount_n of_o elie_n and_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o ireland_n which_o two_o be_v lord_n justice_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o king_n james_n &_o desirous_a to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o business_n send_v some_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o the_o place_n to_o inquire_v exact_o into_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n these_o do_v find_v that_o that_o miraculous_a and_o fearful_a cave_n descend_v down_o to_o the_o very_a purgatory_n and_o hell_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o little_a cell_n dig_v or_o hew_v out_o of_o the_o rocky_a ground_n without_o any_o window_n or_o hole_n so_o as_o the_o door_n be_v shut_v one_o can_v not_o see_v a_o jot_n within_o it_o be_v of_o so_o little_a depth_n that_o a_o tall_a man_n can_v but_o just_a stand_n upright_o in_o it_o and_o of_o no_o great_a capacity_n than_o to_o contain_v six_o or_o seven_o person_n now_o when_o that_o any_o person_n desirous_a to_o go_v that_o pilgrimage_n to_o purgatory_n be_v come_v into_o the_o island_n the_o friar_n some_o small_a number_n whereof_o make_v their_o constant_a abode_n there_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v he_o watch_v and_o fast_v excessive_o whereby_o and_o through_o the_o recount_v of_o strange_a and_o horrible_a apparition_n and_o phantasm_n which_o he_o will_v meet_v withal_o in_o that_o subterranean_a pilgrimage_n be_v well_o preepare_v they_o do_v shut_v he_o up_o in_o that_o little_a dark_a hole_n and_o be_v draw_v out_o again_o from_o thence_o after_o some_o hour_n altogether_o astonish_v and_o in_o a_o maze_n he_o will_v be_v a_o good_a while_n before_o he_o come_v again_o to_o himself_o and_o afterward_o the_o poor_a man_n will_v tell_v wonderful_a story_n as_o if_o in_o very_a deed_n he_o have_v go_v a_o great_a way_n under_o the_o ground_n and_o see_v and_o suffer_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o his_o weak_a imagination_n altogether_o corrupt_v by_o the_o concurrence_n and_o sequel_n of_o so_o many_o cause_n to_o weaken_v the_o brain_n do_v figure_n unto_o he_o to_o prevent_v this_o delusion_n in_o future_a time_n the_o say_a lord_n justice_n cause_v the_o friar_n to_o depart_v from_o thence_o their_o dwell_n quite_o to_o be_v demolish_v and_o the_o hole_n or_o cell_n to_o be_v break_v open_a and_o altogether_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n in_o which_o state_n it_o have_v lyen_fw-we ever_o since_o whereby_o that_o pilgrimage_n to_o purgatory_n be_v quite_o come_v to_o nothing_o and_o never_o have_v be_v undertake_v since_o by_o any_o to_o beget_v the_o great_a reputation_n to_o this_o sictitious_a purgatory_n the_o people_n
there_o will_v scarce_o have_v be_v leave_v one_o acre_n of_o bog_n of_o what_o be_v in_o the_o land_n and_o possessiion_n of_o the_o english_a except_o only_o those_o place_n who_o situation_n be_v altogether_o repugnant_a to_o drain_n because_o that_o the_o water_n either_o through_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o place_n as_o in_o the_o enclose_a valley_n and_o deep_a dale_n between_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n or_o through_o the_o too_o great_a evenness_n &_o plainness_n of_o the_o ground_n not_o incline_v to_o any_o one_o part_n more_o than_o another_o can_v be_v draw_v away_o at_o all_o and_o except_o such_o parcel_n as_o needs_o must_v have_v be_v keep_v for_o turf_n and_o red_a bog_n who_o be_v very_o unfit_a for_o drain_n for_o the_o trench_n be_v make_v the_o earth_n on_o both_o side_n will_v sink_v into_o they_o again_o and_o choke_v they_o up_o sect._n 4._o profit_n reap_v by_o the_o drain_n of_o bogs_n this_o drain_n of_o the_o bog_n as_o it_o tend_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a land_n by_o amend_v of_o the_o air_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o some_o other_o place_n and_o otherwise_o so_o it_o bring_v great_a profit_n unto_o the_o author_n for_o the_o land_n or_o soil_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v in_o most_o place_n good_a of_o itself_o and_o there_o beside_o great_o enrich_v by_o the_o lie_v still_o and_o the_o soak_v in_o of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o so_o many_o year_n the_o same_o be_v dry_v through_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o sit_v either_o to_o have_v corn_n sow_v upon_o or_o to_o be_v turn_v into_o pasture_n make_v also_o excellent_a meadow_n so_o as_o those_o who_o have_v try_v that_o do_v affirm_v that_o the_o meadow_n gain_v out_o of_o the_o bog_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o very_o best_a of_o their_o other_o meadow_n yea_o many_o time_n surpass_v the_o same_o in_o goodness_n &_o this_o take_v place_n chief_o in_o the_o grassy_a bog_n or_o shak_v bog_n who_o fruitfulness_n in_o this_o particular_a &_o in_o the_o plentiful_a production_n of_o very_a sweet_a and_o deep_a grass_n after_o the_o drain_n off_o the_o water_n be_v very_o wonderful_a and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o other_o trouble_n or_o cost_n bestow_v upon_o these_o meadow_n than_o that_o they_o dung_v they_o the_o first_o year_n to_o warm_v they_o the_o better_a and_o the_o soon_o and_o more_o thorough_o to_o amend_v the_o remainder_n of_o that_o coldness_n and_o rawness_n contract_v through_o that_o long_a and_o constant_a continuance_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o they_o after_o which_o once_o dung_v afterward_o for_o a_o good_a many_o year_n nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o they_o sect._n 5._o the_o manner_n of_o drain_n the_o bog_n this_o drain_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o manner_n follow_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o bog_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v somewhat_o slope_v they_o cut_v a_o broad_a deep_a trench_n begin_v it_o in_o the_o firm_a ground_n and_o advancing_z it_o unto_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o bog_n into_o which_o trench_n the_o water_n will_v sink_v out_o of_o the_o next_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o that_o many_o time_n so_o sudden_o as_o if_o a_o great_a sluice_n have_v be_v open_v so_o as_o the_o labourer_n be_v constrain_v to_o run_v out_o of_o it_o with_o all_o speed_n lest_o the_o â—orce_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v overwhelm_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v grow_v reasonable_a dry_a within_o a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n opportunity_n thereby_o be_v minister_v to_o advance_v the_o trench_n further_o into_o the_o bog_n and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o go_v on_o with_o it_o until_o at_o last_o they_o carry_v it_o quite_o across_o the_o bog_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o and_o have_v do_v this_o they_o make_v a_o great_a many_o lesser_a trench_n out_o of_o the_o main_a one_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o bring_v the_o water_n from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n unto_o the_o main_a trench_n do_v in_o a_o little_a while_n empty_a the_o bog_n of_o all_o its_o superfluous_a moisture_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o good_a and_o firm_a ground_n sect._n 6._o observation_n about_o the_o fall_n and_o settle_v of_o the_o bog_n at_o their_o drain_n the_o green_a or_o grassie-bog_n the_o which_o have_v all_o their_o moisture_n and_o water_n inward_o be_v thereby_o wonderful_o swell_v and_o pu_v up_o use_v by_o mean_n of_o this_o drain_n to_o fall_n very_o much_o and_o to_o grow_v a_o great_a deal_n low_o and_o that_o not_o only_o apparent_o so_o that_o the_o ground_n which_o before_o the_o drayn_n be_v five_a or_o six_o foot_n high_a come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v not_o above_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a but_o sometime_o also_o sudden_o and_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o or_o eight_o and_o forty_o hour_n whereas_o ordinary_o that_o use_v to_o come_v to_o pass_v in_o great_a length_n of_o time_n and_o although_o the_o ground_n by_o fall_v in_o this_o manner_n may_v seem_v thereby_o to_o have_v be_v subject_a to_o return_v to_o its_o former_a boggy_a condition_n on_o the_o least_o occasion_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o trench_n be_v keep_v open_a and_o thereby_o the_o passage_n keep_v free_a for_o the_o water_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n will_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o drayned_a bog_n be_v sink_v into_o they_o this_o water_n as_o at_o the_o first_o drain_n so_o ever_o after_o be_v by_o the_o main_a trench_n carry_v unto_o some_o brook_n river_n or_o lough_n according_a as_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o be_v next_o at_o hand_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o land_n will_v give_v opportunity_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o wood_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o wood_n in_o ireland_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o barren_a land_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o among_o the_o barren_a part_n of_o ireland_n the_o wood_n must_v also_o be_v count_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a division_n of_o the_o land_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whereby_o reckon_v for_o fruitful_a only_o the_o meadow_n arable-ground_n and_o pasture_n they_o count_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o barren_a comprehend_v they_o under_o these_o three_o general_a head_n bog_n barren-mountain_n and_o wood_n which_o division_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o they_o that_o have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o land_n and_o do_v or_o have_v live_v there_o so_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o a_o number_n of_o write_n and_o monument_n both_o of_o ancient_a time_n and_o late_a one_o in_o the_o which_o it_o be_v very_o common_a and_o familiar_a as_o for_o instance_n may_v appear_v by_o those_o several_a act_n which_o since_o this_o last_o rebellion_n of_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o adventurer_n who_o have_v lay_v out_o their_o money_n for_o the_o reconquer_a of_o the_o revolt_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n for_o although_o the_o land_n which_o the_o wood_n do_v take_v up_o be_v in_o itself_o very_o good_a in_o most_o place_n and_o apt_a to_o bear_v both_o corn_n and_o grass_n plentiful_o whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v say_v by_o and_o by_o yet_o as_o long_o as_o the_o wood_n remain_v stand_v it_o be_v unfit_a not_o only_o to_o be_v make_v either_o arable_a or_o meadow_n as_o in_o itself_o be_v most_o evident_a but_o even_o for_o pasture_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o overmuch_a moisture_n the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n stay_v the_o rain-water_n so_o as_o it_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n to_o pass_v away_o ready_o and_o their_o stem_n and_o branch_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o sun_n whereunto_o come_v in_o many_o part_v the_o ground_n own_o wateriness_n occasion_v by_o spring_n there_o arise_v and_o by_o its_o situation_n apt_a for_o the_o gather_n and_o keep_v of_o water_n which_o make_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o muddy_a and_o boggy_a that_o cattle_n can_v convenient_o feed_v in_o they_o sect._n 2._o wood_n much_o diminish_v in_o ireland_n since_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o english_a in_o ancient_a time_n and_o as_o long_o as_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o irish_a themselves_o all_o ireland_n be_v very_o full_a of_o wood_n on_o every_o side_n as_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o write_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o come_v into_o ireland_n upon_o the_o first_o conquest_n in_o the_o company_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o year_n of_o
into_o the_o land_n the_o which_o it_o do_v for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o town_n of_o belfast_n where_o a_o little_a river_n call_v lagon_n not_o portable_a but_o of_o small_a boat_n fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n in_o this_o bay_n be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a road_n before_o the_o town_n of_o knockfergus_n seat_v about_o nine_o mile_n within_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a in_o three_o fathom_n and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o bay_n somewhat_o near_o the_o sea_n under_o a_o castle_n call_v mouse-hill_n be_v a_o sand-bay_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o ship_n aswell_o great_a as_o small_a one_o for_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n wind_n but_o bad_a ride_v for_o the_o south-west_n sect._n 4._o sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n the_o three_o forementioned_a havens_n of_o carlingford_n strangford_n knockfergus_n be_v all_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n on_o the_o east-side_n thereof_o the_o say_a province_n have_v also_o three_o good_a havens_n on_o its_o northern_a coast_n not_o very_o far_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v a_o lough_n which_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sufficient_o testify_v open_a itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o sheep_n haven_n and_o lough_n suillie_n although_o they_o be_v fair_a large_a harbour_n as_o well_o as_o lough_n foil_n and_o that_o ship_n may_v ride_v there_o defend_v off_o all_o wind_n lough_n suillie_n be_v also_o of_o sufficient_a bigness_n to_o contain_v a_o thousand_o great_a vessel_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o little_o frequent_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o trade_n nor_o traffic_n nor_o any_o good_a town_n place_v upon_o or_o near_o they_o lough_n foil_n be_v of_o a_o great_a bigness_n at_o least_o twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o most_o place_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n broad_a be_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n except_o at_o the_o two_o end_n where_o it_o grow_v narrow_a be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n for_o at_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o magilions_n point_n and_o greencastle_n it_o be_v hardly_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o be_v much_o narrow_a yet_o run_v from_o thence_o with_o a_o long_a arm_n some_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n be_v like_a to_o a_o broad_a river_n than_o to_o a_o lough_n upon_o this_o arm_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o great_a lough_n be_v the_o town_n of_o london-derrie_a in_o a_o place_n where_o that_o arm_n turn_v and_o wind_v itself_o in_o that_o manner_n as_o it_o environ_v the_o town_n on_o three_o side_n it_o be_v nothing_o big_a consist_v only_o of_o two_o long_a street_n the_o which_o cut_v one_o neither_o cross-waye_n in_o the_o midst_n but_o it_o be_v very_o handsome_a the_o street_n be_v broad_a and_o well_o pave_v the_o house_n some_o story_n high_a &_o build_v for_o the_o most_o of_o freestone_n with_o a_o handsome_a church_n market_n place_n and_o key_n and_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o thick_a and_o very_a strong_a stone_n wall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a fortress_n of_o ireland_n it_o be_v but_o few_o year_n old_a have_v be_v build_v up_o from_o the_o ground_n by_o a_o company_n of_o london_n adventurer_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james._n before_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o lough_n lie_v a_o great_a sand_n call_v the_o toun_n upon_o which_o it_o burn_v great_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o so_o as_o a_o fair_a broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n remain_v betwixt_o the_o say_a sand_n and_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n where_o there_o be_v at_o all_o time_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o fathom_n of_o water_n as_o in_o the_o mouth_n itself_o some_o eight_o or_o ten_o enter_v into_o the_o lough_n there_o be_v very_o great_a sand_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v some_o mile_n broad_a from_o off_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v some_o little_a sand_n or_o shelf_n here_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o land_n betwixt_o these_o run_v a_o broad_a channel_n in_o most_o part_n three_o and_o four_o fathom_n deep_a and_o in_o that_o arm_n whereon_o londonderry_n stand_v it_o be_v deep_a yet_o in_o some_o place_n no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o and_o before_o the_o town_n four_o and_o five_o fathom_n so_o as_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o commodious_a harbour_n of_o all_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o kilbeg_n and_o dungall_n haven_n the_o country_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o which_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a westside_n of_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o southern_a part_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o which_o foreland_n there_o be_v two_o very_a fair_a havens_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n kilbeg_n and_o dungall-haven_n kilbeg_n be_v a_o fair_a round_a bay_n where_o the_o great_a ship_n that_o go_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v at_o all_o time_n with_o their_o full_a lade_n enter_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n be_v distant_a about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr tellin_n the_o outmost_a or_o most_o western_a point_n of_o that_o forename_a foreland_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o entrance_n be_v very_o narrow_a so_o as_o unto_o they_o who_o be_v come_v to_o it_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o open_n there_o until_o they_o be_v very_o near_o but_o it_o be_v very_o clean_a as_o well_o in_o the_o mouth_n as_o in_o the_o bay_n itself_o and_o nothing_o that_o can_v hurt_v the_o ship_n either_o come_n in_o or_o go_v forth_o be_v enter_v one_o may_v anchor_v where_o one_o will_v in_o five_o six_o seven_o eight_o fathom_n or_o more_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v a_o cape_n call_v st._n johns_n point_n and_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n eastward_o from_o the_o say_a cape_n be_v dungal-haven_n wide_a and_o deep_a enough_o but_o in_o the_o entrance_n great_o encumber_v with_o shelf_n sand_n &_o rock_n so_o as_o great_a care_n &_o circumspection_n be_v requisite_a to_o enter_v or_o go_v forth_o safe_o these_o two_o havens_n have_v their_o name_n of_o village_n seat_v on_o they_o which_o be_v very_o small_a and_o no_o way_n considerable_a sect._n 6._o broad-haven_n akill-haven_n and_o galloway-haven_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n extend_v herself_o betwixt_o ulster_n and_o munster_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o westside_n of_o ireland_n it_o have_v also_o some_o good_a port_n as_o namely_o broad-haven_n a_o other_o to_o the_o north_n of_o akill_n head_n and_o a_o three_o situate_v between_o the_o main_a and_o the_o north_n and_o east_n side_n of_o akill_n island_n in_o which_o one_o may_v ride_v in_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n and_o be_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n although_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o sound_n than_o a_o enclose_a harbour_n for_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o it_o need_v not_o to_o go_v forth_o the_o same_o way_n again_o but_o sail_v on_o betwixt_o the_o main_a and_o the_o island_n may_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v come_v again_o to_o the_o open_a sea_n these_o havens_n be_v nothing_o famous_a be_v very_o seldom_o resort_v unto_o by_o any_o great_a ship_n except_o such_o as_o by_o tempest_n and_o foul_a weather_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n be_v necessitate_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o galloway_n be_v a_o very_a great_a bay_n some_o mile_n broad_a and_o many_o more_o long_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n three_o ilandâ—_n name_v the_o isle_n of_o aran_n the_o which_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o the_o other_o there_o remain_v three_o channel_n for_o to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o this_o bay_n one_o channel_n run_v betwixt_o the_o land_n and_o the_o northern_a island_n call_v therefore_o north-sound_n the_o second_o between_o the_o the_o same_o northern_a island_n and_o the_o middlemost_a which_o channel_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a of_o the_o three_o be_v common_o style_v st_n gregory_n sound_n and_o the_o three_o between_o the_o southernmost_a island_n and_o the_o main_a name_v south_n sound_v the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a and_o the_o middlemost_a island_n not_o be_v passable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o shelf_n wherefore_o the_o name_n of_o false-sound_n have_v be_v give_v to_o it_o the_o whole_a north-side_n of_o this_o bay_n be_v very_o foul_a with_o sand_n and_o rock_n so_o as_o one_o may_v not_o approach_v the_o shore_n in_o
east-side_n and_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o coast_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a rock_n that_o always_o stand_v above_o water_n the_o which_o as_o they_o be_v dangerous_a in_o the_o dark_a night_n and_o in_o misty_a weather_n so_o at_o other_o time_n they_o be_v rather_o profitable_a than_o hurtful_a forasmuch_o as_o they_o serve_v the_o seafaring_a man_n for_o sea-mark_n and_o help_v they_o to_o discern_v the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o coast_n wherefore_o also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o have_v receive_v peculiar_a and_o proper_a name_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o whole_a number_n be_v the_o tuskar_n a_o great_a black_a smooth_a rock_n of_o fashion_n like_o unto_o a_o ship_n turn_v the_o upside_o downward_o but_o as_o big_a again_o lie_v south-eastwards_a from_o the_o point_n of_o greenore_n the_o space_n of_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n west_n of_o the_o tuskar_n a_o great_a way_n and_o about_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o big_a of_o the_o saltee_n be_v the_o rock_n kinbeg_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o the_o saltee_n stand_v two_o rock_n not_o far_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o of_o which_o the_o one_o of_o its_o situation_n be_v call_v northrock_n &_o the_o southermost_a the_o tun_n to_o the_o east_n of_o these_o two_o and_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o point_n of_o carnarord_n lie_v black-rock_n be_v clean_o of_o all_o side_n so_o as_o ship_n may_v free_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o without_o any_o fear_n or_o danger_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o to_o the_o north_n of_o lambry_n lie_v a_o great_a rock_n call_v rock_n abill_n about_o which_o ship_n may_v sail_v of_o all_o side_n two_o mile_n beyond_o the_o north-point_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n be_v two_o great_a rock_n the_o one_o call_v northrock_n and_o the_o other_o distant_a two_o mile_n from_o it_o to_o the_o south_n southrock_n the_o northrock_n be_v a_o number_n of_o rock_n lie_v close_o together_o divers_z whereof_o be_v cover_v at_o high-water_n from_o the_o end_n of_o these_o two_o shoot_v out_o riffe_n of_o foul_a and_o rocky-ground_n but_o betwixt_o they_o go_v a_o broad_a clean_o and_o deep_a channel_n through_o which_o all_o manner_n of_o ship_n even_o the_o big_a may_v pass_v six_o or_o seven_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n and_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n be_v the_o nine_o maid_n be_v great_a rock_n that_o lie_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o water_n or_o low_a rocky-ile_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o blind_a rock_n about_o the_o same_o so_o as_o ship_n may_v come_v no_o near_o to_o they_o than_o within_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o low_a rock_n or_o little_a rocky-iland_n be_v also_o those_o who_o be_v call_v enesteâ—hull-ilands_n be_v situate_v before_o the_o most_o northerly-point_n of_o ireland_n betwixt_o loughfoile_n and_o loughsuillie_a sect._n 6._o rock_n in_o the_o irish-sea_n upon_o the_o western_a and_o the_o southern-coast_n near_o the_o land_n of_o aran_n upon_o the_o north-west-coast_n of_o ireland_n lie_v several_a high_a rock_n call_v the_o stag_n of_o aran_n and_o such_o other_o rock_n call_v the_o stag_n of_o broad-haven_n lie_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o northern-point_n of_o broad-haven_n three_o mile_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o akill-head_n lie_v black-rock_n a_o great_a high_a and_o black_a rock_n with_o several_a other_o rock_n near_o unto_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n and_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n blaske_n lie_v over_o against_o the_o most_o westerly-point_n of_o ireland_n be_v several_a great_a rock_n some_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o horse_n and_o other_o the_o buck_n seven_o or_o eight_o league_n to_o the_o south_n of_o blaske_n lie_v three_o great_a rock_n call_v the_o skelligh_n the_o easterly_a about_o three_o mile_n and_o the_o westerly_a six_o or_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o land_n the_o which_o to_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o south_n when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o see_v they_o resemble_v the_o sail_n of_o ship_n without_o the_o head_n of_o dorse_n lie_v three_o other_o great_a rock_n whereof_o the_o uttermost_a or_o the_o most_o westerly_a be_v call_v the_o bull_n the_o middlemost_a the_o cow_n and_o the_o three_o the_o calf_n be_v clean_o round_o about_o so_o as_o without_o any_o danger_n one_o may_v sail_v between_o they_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n west_n and_o by_o south_n of_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n lie_v a_o high_a steep_a rock_n alone_o in_o the_o sea_n call_v fastney_n the_o which_o at_o the_o first_o appear_v look_v like_o the_o sail_n of_o a_o ship_n two_o or_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o baltimore_n and_o a_o mile_n or_o two_o from_o the_o land_n lie_v five_o or_o six_o high_a steep_a rock_n call_v the_o stag_n as_o those_o of_o aran_n and_o broad-haven_n to_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o east_n along_o the_o land_n when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o have_v they_o in_o sight_n they_o resemble_v some_o spire_n or_o pointed-steeple_n stand_v together_o two_o mile_n eastward_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o kinsale_n lie_v two_o great_a black_a rock_n the_o one_o somewhat_o far_o from_o the_o land_n than_o the_o other_o there_o lie_v also_o several_a rock_n near_o the_o little_a land_n of_o dalkee_n and_o irelands-eye_n the_o one_o situate_v before_o the_o north-point_n and_o the_o other_o before_o the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n as_o heretofore_o we_o have_v show_v likewise_o on_o both_o end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v of_o lambey_n half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o same_o island_n and_o tredagh-haven_n close_o by_o the_o land_n near_o the_o island_n ranghlins_n near_o skire_v portrush_v and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n but_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n and_o of_o the_o tide_n which_o go_v in_o the_o same_o sect._n 1_o the_o irish-sea_n not_o so_o tempestuous_a as_o it_o be_v bruit_v to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n which_o divide_v ireland_n from_o great-britain_n be_v very_o much_o defame_v both_o by_o ancient_n and_o modern_a writer_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o boysterousness_n and_o tempestuousness_n as_o if_o it_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o storm_n and_o rage_a weather_n than_o any_o other_o and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v pass_v without_o very_o great_a danger_n mare_fw-la quod_fw-la hiberniam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la interluit_fw-la undosum_fw-la inquietumque_fw-la toto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la est_fw-la navigabile_fw-la that_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o pass_v betwixt_o ireland_n and_o britain_n be_v boisterous_a and_o restless_a so_o as_o but_o few_o day_n in_o the_o year_n ship_n can_v go_v upon_o it_o sai_z solinus_z with_o who_o giraldus_n who_o several_a time_n go_v to_o and_o fro_o betwixt_o england_n and_o ireland_n full_o agree_v write_v in_o this_o manner_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la concurrentibus_fw-la fluctibus_fw-la undosissimum_fw-la fere_n semper_fw-la est_fw-la inquietum_fw-la it_o a_o ut_fw-la vix_fw-la etiam_fw-la aestivo_fw-la tempore_fw-la paucis_fw-la diebus_fw-la se_fw-la navigantibus_fw-la tranquillum_fw-la praebeat_fw-la that_o be_v the_o irish-sea_n be_v very_o boisterous_a through_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o wave_n be_v almost_o always_o restless_a so_o as_o even_o in_o the_o summertime_n it_o be_v hardly_o for_o a_o few_o day_n quiet_a enough_o to_o be_v sail_v upon_o likewise_o also_o camden_n and_o speed_n give_v unto_o this_o sea_n the_o surname_n of_o boisterous_a and_o tempestuous_a yea_o it_o be_v a_o common_a proverb_n in_o england_n as_o unquiet_a as_o the_o irish-sea_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v nothing_o so_o bad_a as_o they_o make_v it_o and_o the_o word_n of_o stanyhurst_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o giraldus_n mare_n hibernicum_n satis_fw-la tranquillum_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la ventorum_fw-la vi_fw-la agitâ—tur_fw-la &_o non_fw-la solum_fw-la aestate_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la summa_fw-la hyemâ—_fw-la vectores_fw-la ultro_fw-la citroque_fw-la navigant_fw-la the_o irish-sea_n be_v quiet_a enough_o except_o when_o by_o high_a wind_n it_o be_v stir_v so_o as_o not_o only_o in_o the_o summer_n but_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n people_n do_v pass_v it_o to_o &_o fro_o be_v altogether_o true_a &_o confirm_v by_o daily_a experience_n true_a it_o be_v that_o some_o ship_n do_v perish_v upon_o this_o but_o the_o same_o happen_v as_o well_o upon_o other_o sea_n who_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o disaster_n of_o tempest_n and_o shipwreck_n sect._n 2._o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o such_o ship_n as_o perish_v upon_o this_o sea_n the_o common_a cause_n of_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o ship_n upon_o this_o sea_n and_o upon_o the_o east-coast_n of_o ireland_n be_v this_o that_o in_o the_o long_a dark_a winter-night_n when_o this_o disaster_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o at_o
short_a time_n the_o use_n thereof_o grow_v very_o common_a among_o they_o so_o as_o many_o of_o â—hem_n ever_o after_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o dung_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o having_n first_o plough_v their_o field_n they_o carry_v the_o lime_n on_o they_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o many_o small_a heap_n leave_v a_o convenient_a distance_n between_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o use_v to_o be_v do_v with_o the_o dung_n of_o beast_n and_o have_v let_v they_o lie_v for_o some_o month_n they_o plough_v the_o land_n again_o to_o convey_v the_o lime_n into_o the_o ground_n this_o make_v it_o so_o rich_a that_o in_o a_o great_a while_n after_o nothing_o else_o need_v to_o be_v do_v to_o it_o but_o to_o let_v the_o land_n at_o a_o certain_a revolution_n of_o time_n lie_v fallow_a no_o other_o manure_v at_o all_o be_v requisite_a for_o some_o year_n after_o and_o all_o that_o while_o the_o land_n be_v very_o fruitful_a more_o than_o it_o can_v have_v be_v make_v with_o any_o ordinary_a dung_n and_o very_o free_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o bad_a herb_n and_o weed_n especial_o for_o the_o first_o year_n bring_v corn_n with_o much_o thin_a husk_n than_o that_o grow_n upon_o other_o land_n they_o find_v that_o the_o lime_n carry_v upon_o the_o land_n hot_a out_o of_o the_o kiln_n do_v more_o good_a in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a particular_n than_o when_o they_o let_v it_o grow_v cold_a first_o and_o this_o they_o can_v do_v very_o easy_o because_o limestone_n be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o that_o county_n especial_o in_o the_o town_n of_o monrath_n where_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a hill_n of_o that_o stone_n of_o that_o bigness_n that_o if_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n do_v continual_o fetch_v it_o from_o thence_o for_o the_o forename_a use_n it_o will_v for_o ever_o hold_v out_o sufficient_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v and_o improve_v by_o lime_n show_v its_o fruitfulness_n not_o only_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o even_o in_o the_o first_o except_o the_o lime_n have_v be_v lay_v on_o in_o undue_a proportion_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o be_v requisite_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o lime_n burn_v the_o corn_n and_o the_o first_o year_n crop_n be_v thereby_o spoil_v in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o land_n be_v not_o cold_a and_o moist_a enough_o to_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v mere_a lime_n they_o mix_v the_o lime_n with_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o pit_n and_o let_v that_o stuff_n lie_v a_o mellow_n in_o great_a heap_n for_o some_o month_n together_o and_o afterward_o carry_v it_o on_o the_o land_n and_o manure_v that_o therewith_o sect._n 7._o a_o remarkable_a history_n concern_v the_o excellency_n of_o lime_n for_o the_o inricheng_fw-mi of_o the_o ground_n how_o incredible_o the_o land_n be_v enrich_v by_o this_o kind_n of_o manure_v may_v be_v gather_v by_o the_o ensue_a particular_a the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o mounrath_n be_v thirty_o year_n ago_o set_v by_o one_o mr._n downing_n who_o it_o be_v and_o who_o afterward_o sell_v it_o to_o sir_n charles_n coot_n for_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a by_o the_o year_n and_o nevertheless_o after_o a_o while_n the_o farmer_n surrender_v it_o unto_o he_o complain_v that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v by_o it_o but_o be_v quite_o impoverish_v where_o as_o they_o who_o farm_a it_o next_o after_o they_o be_v people_n new_o come_v out_o of_o england_n &_o give_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n stâ—rling_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o live_v very_o free_o upon_o it_o yea_o grow_v rich_a and_o wealthy_a but_o withal_o do_v so_o far_o forth_o improve_v the_o land_n partly_o indeed_o with_o building_n plaut_a hedge_v and_o the_o like_a but_o chief_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o manue_v that_o â—t_a the_o time_n when_o this_o last_o horrible_a rebellion_n break_v forth_o the_o same_o lordship_n if_o it_o have_v be_v to_o let_v out_o then_o mighe_o have_v be_v let_v for_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n as_o it_o have_v be_v assure_v i_o by_o some_o who_o themselves_o have_v be_v farmer_n of_o that_o land_n sect._n 8._o another_o history_n show_v the_o efficacy_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a before_o we_o give_v over_o this_o discourse_n of_o lime_n we_o shall_v add_v to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o that_o in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n where_o this_o manure_n with_o lime_n be_v not_o use_v nor_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o lime_n in_o this_o particular_a have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o mere_a chance_n for_o some_o person_n know_v to_o i_o who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o mile_n from_o dublin_n have_v understand_v that_o the_o crow_n wherewith_o they_o be_v much_o plague_v and_o who_o do_v use_v to_o make_v very_o great_a spoil_n of_o their_o grain_n will_v not_o touch_v the_o corn_n wherewith_o the_o lime_n be_v mix_v do_v cause_n unslake_v lime_n to_o be_v mingle_v with_o water_n make_v it_o as_o thin_a as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v for_o the_o whiten_n of_o wall_n and_o very_o well_o bespringle_v the_o corn_n therewith_o before_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o field_n to_o be_v sow_v and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o corn_n lie_v on_o a_o heap_n one_o turn_v it_o with_o both_o hand_n while_o another_o sprinkle_v on_o the_o foresaid_a stuff_n do_v so_o until_o the_o whole_a heap_n be_v thorough_o besprinkle_v at_o other_o time_n they_o mingle_v dry_a lime_n with_o the_o corn_n and_o afterward_o besprinkle_v the_o whole_a heap_n with_o fair_a water_n through_o and_o through_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o hereby_o they_o do_v not_o only_o obtain_v the_o aforesaid_a end_n of_o preserve_v the_o corn_n from_o the_o crow_n but_o have_v thereby_o a_o fair_a and_o better_a crop_n than_o ever_o before_o their_o land_n have_v produce_v sect._n 9_o of_o seasand_n lime_n be_v much_o use_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o ireland_n so_o for_o to_o manure_v the_o ground_n withal_o where_o the_o seasand_n likewise_o be_v great_o use_v to_o the_o same_o end_n not_o only_o in_o place_n lie_v on_o the_o seaside_n but_o even_o ten_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o some_o place_n by_o boat_n and_o in_o other_o upon_o cart_n the_o charge_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o the_o proâ—it_n come_v from_o it_o for_o they_o use_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o upon_o very_o poor_a land_n consist_v of_o cold_a clay_n and_o that_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n deep_a which_o land_n have_v be_v three_o or_o fâ—ur_n time_n plough_v &_o harrow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v usual_a to_o be_v do_v with_o fallow_a the_o sand_n be_v straw_v all_o over_o very_o thin_o a_o little_a before_o the_o sow_a time_n the_o which_o be_v do_v that_o land_n bring_v very_o good_a corn_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o only_a rye_n and_o oates_n but_o even_o barley_n and_o wheat_n three_o year_n one_o after_o another_o and_o have_v lyen_fw-we fallow_a the_o four_o year_n for_o many_o year_n after_o it_o produce_v very_o clean_a and_o sweet_a grass_n whereas_o former_o and_o before_o it_o be_v thus_o manure_v it_o produce_v nothing_o but_o moss_n heath_n and_o short_a low_a furze_n which_o herb_n be_v fire_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o ground_n stub_a before_o it_o be_v plough_v the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o seasand_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o particular_a place_n which_o be_v use_v for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o every_o where_o lie_v on_o the_o strand_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o manure_v the_o land_n with_o seasand_n be_v very_o common_a in_o the_o two_o most_o westerly_a shire_n of_o england_n cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n from_o whence_o those_o who_o first_o practise_v it_o in_o ireland_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o sect._n 10._o of_o brine_n or_o pickle_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o seasand_n consist_v chief_o in_o its_o saltness_n for_o which_o reason_n pickle_v itself_o be_v very_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o several_a english_a dwelling_n about_o the_o band_n and_o colrain_n that_o be_v farmer_n of_o the_o salmon-fishing_a there_o who_o use_v every_o year_n careful_o to_o keep_v the_o soul_n pikle_n come_v of_o the_o salmon_n at_o their_o repack_n and_o have_v pour_v it_o among_o the_o ordinary_a dung_n of_o cattle_n and_o straw_n they_o do_v let_v they_o lie_v a_o good_a while_o a_o mellow_n together_o hereby_o it_o be_v great_o strengthen_v and_o enrich_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v dung_v with_o it_o do_v bear_v much_o better_a and_o rich_a crop_n than_o that_o which_o be_v manure_v only_o with_o common_a dung_n without_o the_o mixture_n of_o it_o chap._n xii_o sect._n 1_o of_o
nimble_a trick_n call_v common_o tread_v of_o the_o bog_n most_o irish_a be_v very_o expert_a as_o have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o it_o from_o their_o infancy_n the_o firm_a place_n in_o pass_v or_o but_o light_o shake_v they_o tremble_v for_o a_o great_a way_n which_o have_v give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o shaking-bog_n and_o where_o they_o be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a compass_n quagmire_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o watery-bog_n and_o of_o the_o miry-bog_n the_o watery-bog_n be_v likewise_o clothe_v with_o grass_n but_o the_o water_n do_v not_o sink_v altogether_o into_o they_o as_o into_o the_o former_a but_o remain_v in_o part_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o grassie-bog_n and_o in_o all_o the_o low_a pasture_n and_o meadow_n of_o holland_n by_o reason_n whereof_o these_o bog_n be_v not_o dangerous_a for_o every_o one_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n may_v easy_o discern_v they_o from_o the_o firm_a ground_n these_o two_o sort_n be_v in_o many_o part_n find_v apart_o and_o in_o other_o mix_v and_o interlace_v and_o likewise_o parcel_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v find_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o moory-heath_n and_o red-bog_n both_o these_o sort_n as_o well_o the_o watery_a as_o the_o green-bog_n yield_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o good_a turf_n much_o better_a than_o the_o red-bog_n whereof_o more_o shall_v be_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o miry-bog_n do_v consist_v of_o mere_a mud_n and_o mire_n with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o grass_n upon_o they_o these_o be_v common_o of_o a_o very_a small_a compass_n whereas_o most_o part_n of_o the_o other_o two_o be_v of_o a_o notable_a extent_n and_o some_o of_o several_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o hassockie-bog_n hassockie-bog_n we_o call_v those_o who_o ground_n be_v miry_a and_o muddy_a be_v cover_v over_o with_o water_n a_o foot_n or_o two_o deep_a in_o some_o place_n more_o in_o other_o less_o so_o as_o one_o will_v soon_o take_v they_o for_o lough_n be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o be_v very_o thick_o overspread_v with_o little_a tuft_n or_o ilet_n the_o which_o consist_v of_o reed_n rush_n high_a sour_a grass_n and_o sometime_o with_o little_a shrub_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o small_a and_o have_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o compass_n some_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o reasonable_a big_a chamber_n these_o little_a ilet_n or_o tuft_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o bog_n there_o remain_v nothing_o between_o they_o but_o great_a plash_n of_o water_n in_o regard_n whereof_o these_o bog_n may_v well_o be_v call_v plashy-bog_n in_o some_o place_n wide_o in_o other_o narrow_a so_o as_o from_o the_o one_o man_n may_v well_o step_v or_o leap_v to_o the_o other_o that_o which_o those_o who_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o know_v how_o to_o do_v very_o nimble_a and_o so_o to_o run_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n to_o another_o for_o the_o root_n of_o the_o rush_n reed_n and_o other_o thing_n grow_v on_o those_o tuft_n be_v so_o interweave_v that_o they_o can_v easy_o bear_v a_o man_n who_o light_o tread_v upon_o they_o although_o they_o have_v very_o little_a earth_n and_o be_v wondrous_a spongy_a so_o as_o they_o when_o the_o water_n be_v drain_v the_o bog_n be_v dry_v round_o about_o may_v easy_o be_v pluck_v from_o the_o ground_n the_o english_a inhabit_v in_o ireland_n have_v give_v these_o tuft_n the_o name_n of_o hassocks_n and_o this_o sort_n of_o bogs_n hassocky-bog_n of_o which_o bog_n munster_n and_o other_o province_n be_v not_o altogether_o free_a but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o leinster_n especial_o in_o king_n and_o queens-county_n where_o also_o the_o othtr_n sort_n of_o bog_n be_v very_o common_a whereas_o otherwise_o connaught_n be_v general_o full_a of_o bog_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o province_n chap._n fourteen_o original_a of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o draining_n they_o practise_v there_o by_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o original_n of_o bog_n in_o this_o country_n very_a few_o of_o the_o wet-bog_n in_o ireland_n be_v such_o by_o any_o natural_a property_n or_o primitive_a constitution_n but_o through_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n that_o in_o length_n of_o time_n have_v be_v gather_v therein_o whether_o it_o have_v its_o original_n within_o the_o place_n itself_o or_o be_v come_v thither_o from_o without_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o case_n take_v place_n in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o grassie-bog_n which_o ordinary_o be_v occasion_v by_o spring_n the_o which_o arise_v in_o great_a number_n out_o of_o some_o parcel_n of_o ground_n and_o find_v no_o issue_n do_v by_o degrer_n soak_v through_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o that_o rottenness_n and_o spunginess_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o a_o little_a increase_v through_o the_o rain_n water_n come_v to_o that_o of_o the_o spring_n but_o the_o two_o other_o sort_n viz._n the_o watery_a and_o hassockie-bog_n be_v in_o some_o place_n cause_v by_o the_o rain-water_n only_o as_o in_o other_o through_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n run_v into_o they_o and_o in_o some_o through_o both_o together_o whereunto_o many_o time_n also_o come_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o grassi-bog_n to_o wit_v the_o store_n of_o spring_n within_o the_o very_a ground_n and_o all_o this_o in_o place_n where_o or_o through_o the_o situation_n of_o they_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o even_a plainness_n or_o hollowness_n or_o through_o some_o other_o impediment_n the_o water_n have_v no_o free_a passage_n away_o but_o remain_v within_o they_o and_o so_o by_o degree_n turn_v they_o into_o bogs_n sect._n 2._o retchlesness_n of_o the_o irish_a cause_n of_o most_o of_o the_o bog_n of_o tree_n find_v in_o bogs_n so_o that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v comprehend_v that_o whoso_o can_v drain_v the_o water_n and_o for_o the_o future_a prevent_v the_o gather_v thereof_o may_v reduce_v most_o of_o the_o bog_n in_o ireland_n to_o firm_a land_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o that_o condition_n but_o this_o have_v never_o be_v know_v to_o the_o irish_a or_o if_o it_o be_v they_o never_o go_v about_o it_o but_o to_o the_o contrary_n let_v daily_o more_o &_o more_o of_o their_o good_a land_n grow_v boggy_a through_o their_o carelessness_n whereby_o also_o most_o of_o the_o bog_n at_o first_o be_v cause_v this_o be_v otherwise_o evident_a enough_o may_v further_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tree_n which_o ordinary_o be_v find_v by_o the_o turf-digger_n very_o deep_a in_o the_o ground_n as_o well_o of_o other_o tree_n as_o of_o hasel_n likewise_o they_o meet_v sometime_o with_o the_o very_a nut_n themselves_o in_o great_a quantity_n the_o which_o look_v very_o fair_a and_o whole_a at_o the_o outside_n as_o if_o they_o come_v but_o new_o 〈…〉_z have_v no_o kernel_n within_o the_o same_o through_o the_o great_a length_n of_o time_n be_v consume_v and_o turn_v into_o filth_n and_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o tree_n &_o trunk_n of_o tree_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n find_v not_o only_o in_o the_o wet_a bog_n but_o even_o in_o the_o heathy_a one_o or_o red_a bog_n as_o by_o name_n in_o that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n whereof_o have_v be_v speak_v above_o in_o which_o bog_n the_o turf_n digger_n many_o time_n do_v find_v whole_a firr-tree_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o those_o tree_n be_v fall_v be_v by_o degree_n sink_v deep_a and_o deep_a the_o earth_n of_o that_o bog_n almost_o every_o where_o be_v very_o loose_a and_o spongy_a as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o such_o bog_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n in_o length_n of_o time_n be_v grow_v over_o they_o sect._n 3_o draining_n of_o the_o bog_n practise_v by_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n but_o as_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v extreme_a careless_a in_o this_o so_o the_o english_a introducer_n of_o all_o good_a thing_n in_o ireland_n for_o which_o that_o brutish_a nation_n from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v reward_v they_o with_o unthankfulnes_n hatred_n and_o envy_n and_o late_o with_o a_o horrible_a and_o bloody_a conspiracy_n tend_v to_o their_o utter_a destruction_n have_v set_v their_o industry_n at_o work_n for_o to_o remedy_v it_o and_o have_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o bog_n and_o how_o possible_a it_o be_v to_o reduce_v many_o of_o they_o unto_o good_a land_n do_v some_o year_n since_o begin_v to_o go_v about_o it_o all_o over_o the_o land_n and_o that_o with_o very_o good_a success_n so_o as_o i_o know_v gentleman_n who_o turn_v into_o firm_a land_n three_o or_o four_o hundred_o acre_n of_o bog_n and_o in_o case_n that_o this_o detestable_a rebellion_n have_v not_o come_v between_o in_o a_o few_o year_n
their_o own_o accord_n so_o as_o one_o may_v see_v the_o vein_n thereof_o at_o the_o very_a outside_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mohntain_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a but_o of_o great_a length_n and_o common_o divers_a in_o one_o place_n five_o or_o six_o ridge_n the_o one_o above_o the_o other_o with_o ridge_n of_o earth_n between_o they_o these_o vein_n or_o ridge_n be_v vulgar_o call_v pin_n from_o whence_o the_o mine_n have_v the_o name_n of_o pin-mine_a be_v also_o call_v white-mine_a because_o of_o its_o whitish_a colour_n and_o shel-mine_a for_o the_o follow_a reason_n for_o this_o stuff_n or_o oar_n be_v neither_o loose_a or_o soft_a as_o earth_n or_o clay_n neither_o firm_a and_o hard_o as_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o middle_a substance_n between_o both_o somewhat_o like_a unto_o slate_n compose_v of_o shell_n or_o scale_n the_o which_o do_v lie_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o may_v be_v separate_v and_o take_v asunder_o very_o easy_o without_o any_o great_a force_n or_o trouble_v this_o stuff_n be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o lump_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n head_n big_a or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o vein_n assord_v opportunity_n within_o every_o one_o of_o these_o lump_n when_o the_o mine_n be_v very_o rich_a and_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n for_o all_o the_o oar_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o of_o equal_a goodness_n some_o yield_v more_o and_o better_a iron_n than_o other_o lie_v a_o small_a kernel_n which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hony-comb_n give_v to_o it_o because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o little_a hole_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o substance_n whereof_o it_o borrow_v its_o appellation_n the_o iron_n come_v of_o this_o oar_n be_v not_o brittle_a as_o that_o of_o the_o rock-mine_a but_o tough_a and_o in_o many_o place_n as_o good_a as_o any_o spanish_a iron_n sect._n 6._o ironwork_n erect_v by_o the_o english_a the_o english_a have_v discover_v these_o mine_n endeavour_v to_o improve_v the_o same_o &_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o and_o consequent_o several_a ironwork_n be_v erect_v by_o they_o in_o sundry_a pat_n of_o the_o land_n â—s_v namely_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n in_o divers_a place_n in_o munster_n by_o sir_n coarles_n coot_n in_o the_o county_n of_o roscomen_fw-mi and_o letrim_n in_o connaught_n and_o in_o leinster_n by_o mountrath_n in_o queens-county_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o londonderry_n at_o ballonakill_n in_o the_o say_a county_n by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n sir_n adam_n loftus_n viscount_n of_o ely_n at_o mount-melik_a in_o kings-county_n by_o sir_n john_n dunbar_n in_o fermanagh_n in_o ulster_n and_o another_o in_o the_o same_o county_n by_o the_o side_n of_o lough-earne_a by_o sir_n leonard_n bleverhasset_n in_o the_o county_n of_o tomond_n in_o connaught_n by_o some_o london-merchant_n beside_o some_o other_o work_v in_o other_o place_n who_o first_o erector_n have_v not_o come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n in_o imitation_n of_o these_o have_v also_o be_v erect_v divers_a ironwork_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o ulster_n and_o munster_n by_o person_n who_o have_v no_o mine_n upon_o or_o near_o their_o own_o land_n have_v the_o oar_n bring_v unto_o they_o by_o sea_n out_o of_o england_n the_o which_o they_o find_v better_a cheap_a than_o if_o they_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v fetch_v by_o land_n from_o some_o of_o the_o mine_n within_o the_o land_n and_o all_o this_o by_o english_a who_o industry_n herein_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o imitate_v as_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o rebellion_n they_o have_v break_v down_o and_o quite_o demolish_v almost_o all_o the_o forementioned_a ironwork_n as_o well_o those_o of_o the_o one_o as_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o ironwork_n their_o fashion_n charge_n of_o erect_v and_o maintain_v thâ—m_n and_o profit_n come_v of_o they_o with_o a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron_n in_o they_o sect._n 1_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o ironwork_n the_o fashion_n of_o the_o ironwork_n of_o who_o erection_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o forego_n chapter_n be_v such_o as_o follow_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o great_a barn_n stand_v a_o huge_a furnace_n be_v of_o the_o height_n of_o a_o pike_n and_o a_o half_a or_o more_o and_o foursquare_a in_o figure_n but_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o mault-kiln_a that_o be_v narrow_a below_o and_o by_o degree_n grow_v wide_o towards_o the_o top_n so_o as_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o the_o top_n be_v of_o many_o fathom_n this_o mouth_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o open_a all_o over_o so_o that_o the_o flame_n when_o the_o furnace_n be_v kindle_v rise_v through_o the_o same_o without_o any_o hindrance_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o in_o the_o night_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o darkness_n make_v a_o terrible_a show_n to_o traveller_n who_o do_v not_o know_v what_o it_o be_v these_o oven_n be_v not_o kindle_v with_o wood_n nor_o with_o sea-coal_n but_o mere_o with_o char-coal_n whereof_o therefore_o they_o consume_v a_o huge_a quantity_n for_o the_o furnace_n be_v once_o kindle_v be_v never_o suffer_v to_o go_v out_o but_o be_v continual_o keep_v a_o burn_a from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o year_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o coal_n to_o the_o oar_n be_v very_o great_a for_o the_o mine_n will_v not_o melt_v without_o a_o exceed_a hot_a fire_n the_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o quick_a and_o violent_a it_o be_v continual_o blow_a day_n and_o night_n without_o cease_v by_o two_o vast_a pair_n of_o bellows_n the_o which_o rest_v upon_o main_a piece_n of_o timber_n and_o with_o their_o pipe_n place_v into_o one_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o furnace_n be_v perpetual_o keep_v in_o action_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o great_a wheel_n which_o be_v drive_v about_o by_o a_o little_a brook_n or_o watercourse_n make_v they_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o turn_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o one_o pair_n of_o bellows_o do_v swell_v and_o fill_v itself_o with_o wind_n the_o other_o do_v blow_v the_o same_o forth_o into_o the_o furnace_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o lesser_a ironwork_n call_v bloomery_n of_o the_o hammer-work_n and_o of_o the_o cast_a work_n there_o be_v another_o and_o lesser_a sort_n of_o ironwork_n much_o different_a from_o the_o former_a for_o instead_o of_o a_o furnace_n they_o use_v a_o hearth_n therein_o altogether_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o smith_n hearth_n whereon_o the_o oar_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o great_a heap_n it_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o abundance_n of_o charcoal_n the_o which_o be_v kindle_v be_v continual_o blow_v by_o bellows_o that_o be_v move_v by_o wheel_n and_o watercourse_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o other_o work_v these_o work_n common_o call_v bloomery_n be_v in_o use_n or_o be_v so_o before_o this_o rebellion_n in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n beside_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o work_n where_o the_o iron-mine_a be_v melt_v there_o be_v a_o three_o sort_n where_o the_o iron_n after_o the_o first_o melt_v be_v hammer_v out_o into_o bar_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o present_a chapter_n there_o be_v also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n yet_o another_o kind_n of_o ironwork_n differ_v from_o all_o the_o former_a where_o the_o iron_n be_v cast_v into_o ordnance_n pot_n small_a round_a furnace_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o which_o work_v mr_n christopher_n wandsworth_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o ireland_n and_o in_o his_o latter_a day_n lord_n deputy_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n under_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n than_o lord_n lieutenant_n thereof_o have_v one_o upon_o his_o land_n by_o idough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o carloe_n whereof_o we_o can_v give_v the_o reader_n any_o particular_n because_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v inform_v thereof_o sect._n 3_o conveniency_n requisite_a to_o the_o erect_n of_o a_o ironwork_n in_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o work_n man_n seek_v to_o make_v they_o as_o near_o to_o the_o mine_n as_o may_v be_v to_o get_v the_o more_o profit_n by_o they_o for_o the_o great_a the_o distance_n be_v the_o great_a be_v the_o charge_n in_o have_v the_o oar_n bring_v from_o the_o mine_n to_o the_o furnace_n especial_o where_o all_o must_v be_v carry_v by_o land_n the_o which_o do_v fall_v out_o so_o in_o far_o the_o most_o place_n but_o many_o time_n one_o be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v the_o work_v a_o good_a way_n further_o from_o the_o mine_n than_o otherwise_o one_o will_v because_o of_o the_o watercourse_n the_o which_o be_v of_o very_o great_a consequence_n in_o the_o well-settling_a of_o a_o work_n and_o absolute_o
necessary_a the_o wheel_n be_v all_o move_v by_o water_n those_o place_n must_v be_v make_v choice_n of_o where_o one_o may_v have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o watercourse_n and_o beside_o all_o this_o regard_n must_v be_v have_v to_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o wood_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o timber_n a_o great_a deal_n whereof_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o erect_n of_o one_o of_o these_o work_n and_o chief_o for_o the_o charcoal_n sake_n of_o which_o a_o vast_a quantity_n continual_o be_v requisite_a as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v sect._n 4._o the_o charge_n of_o erect_v and_o maintain_v a_o ironwork_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o although_o there_o be_v wood_n enough_o upon_o one_o land_n and_o that_o not_o very_o far_o from_o the_o mine_n together_o with_o the_o convenience_n of_o watercourse_n so_o as_o the_o water_n need_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v from_o very_o far_o off_o nevertheless_o the_o charge_n be_v very_o great_a both_o of_o erect_v and_o stocking_n one_o of_o the_o ironwork_n and_o of_o maintain_v it_o and_o keep_v it_o afoot_o and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o workman_n and_o labourer_n of_o several_a sort_n which_o thereunto_o be_v requisite_a a_o list_n of_o who_o name_n and_o office_n here_o follow_v wood-cutter_n who_o fall_v the_o timber_n sawyer_n to_o see_v the_o timber_n carpenter_n smith_n mason_n and_o bellow-maker_n to_o erect_v the_o ironwork_n with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n thereof_o and_o to_o repair_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n water-leader_n or_o water-course-keeper_n to_o steer_v the_o watercourse_n and_o to_o look_v to_o they_o constant_o basket-maker_n to_o make_v basket_n for_o to_o carry_v the_o oar_n and_o other_o material_n boat-man_n and_o boat-wrights_a to_o make_v the_o boat_n and_o to_o go_v in_o they_o digger_n who_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n and_o dig_v the_o same_o carriers_z who_o carry_v the_o oar_n from_o the_o mine_n collier_n who_o make_v the_o char-coal_n corder_n who_o bring_v the_o char-coal_n to_o the_o work_n filler_n who_o work_n it_o be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o put_v the_o mine_n and_o the_o coal_n into_o the_o furnace_n keeper_n of_o the_o furnace_n who_o look_v to_o the_o main_a work_n rake_v out_o the_o ash_n and_o cinder_n and_o let_v out_o the_o melt_a metal_n at_o convenient_a time_n fine_a who_o look_v to_o the_o work_n where_o the_o iron_n be_v hammer_v hammerer_n who_o work_n it_o be_v to_o see_v the_o iron_n hammer_v out_o beside_o several_a other_o labourer_n who_o have_v no_o particular_a task_n must_v help_v to_o put_v their_o hand_n to_o every_o thing_n of_o all_o which_o sort_v of_o man_n sir_n charles_n coot_n the_o elder_a that_o zealous_a and_o famous_a warrior_n in_o this_o present_a war_n against_o the_o irish_a rebel_n wherein_o have_v do_v many_o memorable_a exploit_n he_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o the_o first_o year_n thereof_o do_v continual_o keep_v at_o work_n some_o five-and-twenty_o or_o six-and-twenty_o hundred_o at_o his_o ironwork_n be_v three_o in_o number_n whereby_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o expense_n in_o erect_v &_o maintain_v of_o ironwork_n and_o for_o all_o this_o the_o owner_n thereof_o do_v great_o gain_v thereby_o ordinary_o no_o less_o than_o forty_o in_o the_o hundred_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la sect._n 5._o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ironwork_n instance_a in_o those_o of_o sir_n charles_n coot_n by_o mountrath_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o more_o particular_o both_o of_o the_o charge_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o these_o ironwork_n we_o shall_v instance_n the_o matter_n in_o one_o of_o the_o work_n of_o the_o say_a sr_n charles_n coot_n namely_o that_o which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o mountrath_n in_o queens-county_n at_o that_o work_n the_o tun_n that_o be_v twenty_o hundred_o weight_n of_o rock-mine_a at_o the_o furnace_n head_n come_v in_o all_o to_o stand_v in_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a and_o the_o tun_n of_o white-mine_a which_o he_o have_v bring_v he_o from_o a_o place_n two_o mile_n further_o off_o in_o seven_o shilling_n these_o two_o be_v mix_v in_o that_o proportion_n that_o to_o one_o part_n of_o rock-mine_a be_v take_v two_o part_n of_o white-mine_a for_o if_o more_o of_o the_o rock-mine_a have_v be_v take_v the_o iron_n will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o good_a and_o too_o brittle_a and_o be_v thus_o mix_v they_o yield_v one_o three_o part_n of_o iron_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o two_o tun_n of_o white-mine_a and_o one_o of_o rock-mine_a be_v mingle_v and_o melt_v together_o they_o have_v one_o tun_n of_o good_a iron_n such_o as_o be_v call_v merchants-iron_n be_v not_o of_o the_o first_o but_o second_o melt_v and_o hammer_v out_o into_o bar_n and_o consequent_o fit_a for_o all_o kind_n of_o use_v this_o iron_n he_o send_v down_o the_o river_n our_o by_o other_o call_v the_o nure_n to_o rosse_n and_o waterford_n in_o that_o kind_n of_o irish_a boat_n which_o be_v call_v cot_n in_o that_o country_n be_v make_v of_o one_o piece_n of_o timber_n which_o kind_n of_o ill-favoured_a boat_n mention_v also_o by_o we_o above_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o all_o ireland_n both_o for_o to_o pass_v river_n in_o and_o to_o carry_v good_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o not_o only_o upon_o shallow_a water_n such_o as_o the_o aforenamed_a river_n be_v in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o course_n but_o even_o upon_o the_o great_a river_n and_o lough_n at_o waterford_n the_o iron_n be_v put_v aboard_o of_o ship_n go_v for_o london_n where_o it_o be_v sell_v for_o sixteen_o otherwhiles_o for_o seventeen_o pound_n stere_v and_o sometime_o for_o seventeen_o and_o a_o half_a whereas_o it_o do_v not_o stand_v sir_n charles_n coot_n in_o more_o than_o betwixt_o ten_o and_o eleven_o pound_n sterling_a all_o charge_n reckon_v as_o well_o of_o dig_v melt_a fine_v as_o of_o carry_v boat-hire_n and_o freight_n even_o the_o custom_n also_o comprehend_v in_o it_o sect._n 6._o some_o other_o particular_n about_o the_o same_o subject_n of_o the_o prosit_fw-la of_o the_o iron-worke_n in_o most_o of_o the_o other_o place_n do_v a_o tun_n of_o the_o iron-mine_a or_o oar_n come_v to_o stand_v in_o five_o five_o and_o a_o half_a and_o six_o shilling_n sterling_a at_o the_o furnace_n head_n and_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n as_o well_o where_o they_o use_v white-wine_n as_o where_o they_o mix_v rock-mine_a with_o it_o to_o have_v a_o tun_n of_o good_a iron_n out_o of_o three_o tun_n of_o oar_n in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o mine_n be_v rich_a they_o will_v have_v a_o tun_n of_o iron_n out_o of_o only_o two_o tun_n and_o a_o half_a of_o oar._n nevertheless_o few_o of_o they_o gain_v more_o or_o as_o much_o as_o sir_n charles_n coot_n because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o same_o conveniency_n of_o transportation_n and_o he_o himself_o do_v not_o gain_v so_o much_o by_o his_o iron_n work_v in_o connaught_n as_o by_o that_o near_a mountrath_n although_o the_o mine_n there_o afford_v a_o rich_a oar_n and_o that_o the_o tun_n thereof_o do_v cost_v he_o but_o three_o shilling_n at_o the_o furnace_n because_o that_o lough-allen_n whereunto_o the_o same_o mine_n and_o work_n be_v contiguons_a give_v he_o the_o opportunity_n of_o carry_v the_o oar_n by_o water_n from_o the_o mine_n unto_o the_o work_n and_o that_o in_o boat_n of_o forty_o tun_n the_o earl_n of_o cork_n who_o ironwork_n be_v seat_v in_o munster_n afford_v unto_o he_o very_o good_a opportunity_n of_o send_v his_o iron_n out_o of_o the_o land_n by_o ship_v do_v in_o this_o particular_a surpass_v all_o other_o so_o as_o he_o have_v gain_v great_a treasure_n thereby_o and_o know_v person_n who_o have_v have_v a_o particular_a insight_n into_o his_o affair_n do_v assure_v i_o that_o he_o have_v profit_v above_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n clear_a gain_n by_o his_o say_a ironwork_n sect._n 7._o the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron-oar_n the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron_n usual_a in_o ireland_n be_v thus_o the_o furnace_n be_v not_o fill_v to_o the_o top_n but_o some_o space_n be_v leave_v empty_a and_o to_o put_v new_a stuff_n into_o it_o they_o do_v not_o stay_v until_o the_o former_a be_v quite_o consume_v but_o only_o until_o it_o be_v somewhat_o descend_v and_o then_o they_o cast_v into_o it_o some_o charge_n or_o basketfull_n of_o coal_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o they_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o i_o and_o thus_o they_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n so_o as_o the_o furnace_n be_v in_o â—_o manner_n always_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o estate_n where_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o most_o furnace_n they_o add_v unto_o the_o oar_n and_o coal_n some_o quantity_n of_o iron-cinder_n and_o in_o other_o of_o limestone_n
out_o of_o it_o do_v fly_v abroad_o and_o it_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o all_o ireland_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o connaught_n lie_v not_o deep_a within_o the_o ground_n but_o very_o near_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o in_o many_o place_n above_o ground_n the_o manner_n of_o burn_v it_o into_o lime_n usual_a over_o all_o ireland_n be_v this_o in_o the_o side_n of_o some_o little_a height_n they_o make_v a_o great_a pit_n round_o or_o square_a according_a as_o conveniency_n be_v offer_v of_o that_o bigness_n as_o may_v hold_v forty_o or_o fifty_o barrel_n &_o of_o that_o fashion_n that_o be_v many_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o top_n it_o do_v by_o degree_n grow_v narrow_a towards_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o furnace_n of_o the_o ironwork_n the_o inside_n of_o this_o pit_n they_o line_n round_o about_o with_o a_o wall_n build_v of_o lime_n and_o stone_n at_o who_o outside_n near_o the_o bottom_n a_o hole_n or_o door_n be_v leave_v by_o which_o to_o take_v out_o the_o ash_n and_o above_o that_o a_o iron-grate_n be_v lay_v which_o come_v close_o to_o the_o wall_n round_o about_o upon_o this_o they_o lay_v a_o lay_n of_o limestone_n be_v first_o knock_v asunder_o with_o a_o great_a iron_n hammer_n and_o break_v into_o piece_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o fâ—st_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o upon_o that_o a_o lay_v of_o wood_n or_o turf_n or_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o sea-coal_n the_o which_o be_v wonderful_a small_a and_o peculiar_o call_v comb_n be_v hardly_o use_v for_o any_o other_o purpose_n upon_o that_o they_o lay_v another_o of_o limestone_n and_o so_o by_o turn_n until_o the_o whole_a kiln_n be_v fill_v ever_o observe_v that_o the_o outmost_a lie_v be_v of_o wood_n turf_n or_o comb_n and_o not_o of_o limestone_n which_o be_v do_v the_o kiln_n be_v set_v afire_o until_o all_o be_v burn_v sect._n 5._o another_o manner_n of_o burn_a lime_n use_v in_o ireland_n there_o be_v another_o manner_n of_o burn_a lime_n use_v in_o ireland_n in_o kilns_n build_v altogether_o above_o ground_n and_o incomparable_o big_a than_o the_o other_o insomuch_o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o three_o hundred_o barrel_n of_o lime_n at_o once_o be_v make_v in_o they_o in_o these_o kiln_n they_o burn_v whole_a stone_n without_o break_v they_o into_o piece_n as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o only_a with_o wood_n turf_n or_o comb_n not_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o whereof_o they_o consume_v a_o huge_a deal_n it_o be_v necessary_a from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o put_v new_a wood_n into_o they_o to_o which_o end_n three_o or_o four_o man_n day_n and_o night_n do_v stand_v by_o the_o kiln_n to_o keep_v the_o fire_n from_o decay_v or_o slacken_n these_o call_v french-kilns_a because_o the_o usâ—_n of_o they_o be_v first_o receive_v from_o thence_o have_v ever_o their_o wall_n make_v of_o limestone_n the_o which_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v turn_v into_o lime_n so_o as_o there_o remain_v nothing_o stand_v of_o these_o kiln_n after_o that_o the_o work_n be_v accomplish_v and_o the_o lime_n take_v away_o now_o albeit_o that_o in_o these_o kilnes_n a_o very_a great_a quantity_n of_o lime_n be_v make_v at_o a_o time_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o be_v much_o more_o unprofitable_a than_o the_o other_o because_o they_o consume_v much_o more_o fire_v in_o proportion_n through_o the_o continual_a renew_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o require_v the_o constant_a labour_n of_o several_a man_n all_o the_o while_o they_o be_v burn_v which_o common_o be_v the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n and_o night_n for_o these_o reason_n be_v the_o use_n of_o these_o kilnes_n which_o never_o have_v be_v very_o general_a in_o ireland_n more_o and_o more_o leave_v off_o in_o these_o last_o year_n and_o the_o other_o almost_o only_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o which_o the_o lime_n come_v to_o stand_v they_o who_o burn_v it_o in_o no_o more_o than_o four_o penny_n the_o barrel_n at_o the_o most_o all_o manner_n of_o expense_n be_v reckon_v &_o but_o three_o to_o they_o who_o have_v the_o best_a convenience_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o brick_n in_o every_o part_n of_o ireland_n there_o be_v find_v a_o kind_n of_o clay_n very_o fit_a for_o to_o make_v brick_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o potters-ware_n although_o the_o irish_a never_o have_v the_o wit_n or_o industry_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o either_o of_o these_o two_o end_n yea_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o earthen_a vessel_n that_o even_o the_o use_n thereof_o have_v be_v very_o rare_a among_o they_o and_o to_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a not_o only_o before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o english_a but_o also_o since_o yea_o even_o until_o these_o very_o last_o time_n although_o a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a potter_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o land_n have_v set_v up_o their_o trade_n so_o as_o all_o kind_n of_o earthen_a ware_n be_v very_o common_a and_o to_o be_v have_v at_o very_o easy_a rate_n and_o as_o for_o the_o brick_n they_o have_v be_v little_o use_v in_o ireland_n even_o among_o the_o english_a themselves_o for_o a_o great_a while_n but_o of_o late_a year_n they_o begin_v to_o be_v very_o common_a as_o well_o in_o the_o country_n as_o in_o the_o city_n especial_o dublin_n where_o all_o the_o new_a building_n the_o which_o not_o only_o in_o handsomeness_n but_o also_o in_o number_n do_v surpass_v the_o old_a be_v all_o make_v of_o brick_n but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o of_o other_o country_n not_o so_o much_o for_o any_o unfitness_n in_o the_o clay_n itself_o as_o for_o want_v of_o handle_v and_o prepare_v it_o aright_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v by_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o the_o manner_n they_o use_v to_o make_v it_o sect._n 7._o the_o manner_n how_o they_o make_v their_o brick_n in_o ireland_n they_o dig_v a_o great_a square_a pit_n take_v away_o all_o the_o uppermost_a earth_n until_o they_o come_v to_o a_o good_a clay_n which_o common_o lie_v one_o or_o two_o spit_n deep_a this_o they_o dig_v up_o throughout_o the_o whole_a pit_n and_o have_v break_v it_o very_o small_a with_o the_o spade_n they_o do_v by_o degree_n pour_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o water_n among_o it_o work_v and_o labour_v it_o together_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o their_o foot_n till_o the_o whole_a mass_n become_v uniform_a firm_a and_o tough_a like_o stiff_a dough_n the_o which_o then_o in_o wheel_n barrow_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n to_o a_o place_n where_o certain_a long_a table_n be_v set_v up_o to_o each_o of_o which_o table_n be_v allot_v one_o man_n one_o woman_n &_o one_o boy_n the_o woman_n take_v up_o the_o clay_n by_o handful_n from_o the_o heap_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o reach_v it_o unto_o the_o man_n who_o thrust_v it_o into_o a_o little_a wooden_a form_n without_o bottom_n strawing_a now_o and_o then_o some_o sand_n upon_o the_o table_n that_o the_o clay_n may_v not_o stick_v to_o it_o and_o so_o have_v give_v they_o their_o due_a fashion_n the_o boy_n do_v carry_v they_o from_o thence_o to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o lay_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o ground_n not_o under_o any_o covert_n but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n after_o they_o have_v lyen_fw-we some_o day_n and_o be_v somewhat_o dry_v they_o be_v pile_v up_o in_o small_a heap_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o in_o a_o heap_n make_v the_o heap_n transparent_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o of_o the_o turf_n some_o day_n after_o those_o little_a pile_n be_v make_v into_o great_a which_o be_v many_o foot_n long_o and_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a but_o not_o above_o two_o foot_n or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a make_v the_o lay_n transparent_a with_o some_o empty_a space_n between_o brick_n and_o brick_n even_o so_o as_o in_o the_o small_a pile_n the_o which_o at_o the_o top_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o straw_n lay_v upon_o the_o straw_n broad_a green_a sod_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o rain_n have_v lyen_fw-we so_o until_o they_o be_v quite_o dry_a they_o make_v great_a oven_n or_o kilnes_n of_o they_o fill_v they_o within_o with_o the_o same_o strawing_a betwixt_o they_o of_o that_o small_a sort_n of_o sea-caol_a whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v heretofore_o call_v comb_n or_o coome_n and_o have_v cover_v over_o the_o kiln_n with_o the_o same_o clay_n whereof_o the_o brick_n be_v make_v the_o thickness_n of_o two_o hand-broads_a or_o thereabouts_o they_o set_v it_o afire_o with_o wood_n underneath_o and_o continue_v the_o fire_n until_o not_o only_o all_o the_o brick_n pile_v within_o the_o kiln_n