voâ—mit or fast it out and this is thâ— counsell of many learned men For it is no meruaile althougâ— manye meates corrupteth one man whiche be of sundry and dâ—â—uers workinges in the stomake liuer vaines for the qualities doth hinder nature as muche as the quantities And take hede these signes and euill tokens be not founde in you The paines of all your members with idelnes wearines to go or moue your bodie Sodayne greate blusshynge or readnes in your face vaynes swelled and puffed vp read vryue and grosse skine extended or stretched out with fulnes like a blowen bladder full pulses small desire to meat ill reste and grief in slepe seming in slepe to beare some intollerable burdeyne or dreamyng to be specheles these be the euill and daungerous tokens of repletioÌ„ And of this I geue you warning for it hath slayne as manie by aboundance as hunger hath killed through scarcitie ¶ Iohn I Haue hearde saye that holsome ayre is a great comforte to mans nature but corrupt ayre doth muche harme I shall require you therfore to tell me of the good and the bad ayre that I may learne to vse the good refuse y â— bad ¶ Humfrey GAlen in lib. de Sectis sayeth A wyse phisicioÌ„ ought to know the natures of men of waters of aire of regions and dwellings generally particulerly to thy self being a natural English man of birth and education this lande is very temporat How be it our dwellinges in this laÌ„d be variable as fennes marisses wodes heythes valleis playnes and rockie places and neare the sea syde But the sayde Galen geueth counsail in his regimeÌ„t of helth saiyng a good aire which is pure and holsome is that whiche is not troubled in standing waters pooles Therfore maris grouÌ„ds places where hempe flaxe is rotten dead carions be cast or multitudes of people dwelling to together or houses inuironed w t staÌ„ding waters wherinto iakes or sinkes haue issues or wallowing of swine or carioÌ„ vnbruied or foull houses or such like places be dauÌ„gerous corrupteth the bloud whiche is worse then enfectioÌ„ of meate for y e prince saith that al places of concauetes as fellers voltes holes of minerals where mettels be digged or houses or walles ioyned together where as y e sunne with reflexion beateth in w t sodain heate whose absence bryngeth colde This aire is distempered but plesaunt clere aire swete gardens goodlye hilles in daies teÌ„perat when one may se far of These be good also there be certain stars called infortunates in their exalâ—acion whose influence bringeth corruptioÌ„ to creatures rot pestiâ—ence to men beasts poisoning waters killing of fish blasting of frute in trees and corne in the â—ields infecting meÌ„ with diuers â—iseases feuers palses dropsis â—ranses falling sickenesses and eprosis AgaiÌ„st y e said influeÌ„ces â—l christen men must pray to god 〈◊〉 be their defeÌ„ce for thei be gods â—â—strumeÌ„tes to punisheth earth Example we haue of mortall pestilence horrible feuers and sweeting sickenes and of late a generall feuer that this lande is ofteÌ„ greatly plaged withal TheÌ„ one muste make a fier in euerye chymnay within thy house and burne swete perfumes to purge this foule aire and nowe in conclusion to aunswere thy questioÌ„ for the health of dwelling Auicen saith to dwell vpoÌ„ hilles is cold And in valleis comprised with hilles is hote Vpon a hyll syde against the north is cold drie Towarde y e west grose moist verie subtill towardes the East And cleare and warme towards the South And Rasis saieth in his first boke Afforien A maÌ„ dwelling nere the Sea side or greate waters can not liue loÌ„g nor can not be without weakenes of meÌ„bers or blindnes but the bestâ— building of a house is vpoÌ„ a drie ground and a hill towardes the west side and south west dores and windowes opeÌ„ towards the east and north east hauing nere vnto y e said house swete springs of running waters From stony or chaukye grounde whiche is both pleasaunt and profitable to the house For Hippocrates saieth in his boke of aire and water the second chapter Cities townes which is placed toward the east be more surer then the townes builded towardes the north for temperat aire or wynde and sickenesses be les And in the sayde boke Auicen greatly commeÌ„deth pleasant riuers ruÌ„ning towards the rising of the sunne the dwellers in suche places sayeth he be fayre and well fauored smothe skynned cleare sharpe voyces and thus to conclude with thee this shal suffise at this time what and where good pleasant dwelling is Note also that thou must obserue aire in sickenes as thou must do meate in sickenes colde sicknessis warme aire drie sicknessis moiste ayre and so in the contraries to them that be sicke and they that be hole aire of like qualitie is moste holsome they that haue loÌ„g sickeness is chauÌ„ge of aire is a great helpe bothe in feuers dropsies fallyng syckenesses and rumes ¶ Iohn I Haue founde very muche disquietnes in my body when my seruaunts and labouryng familie haue founde ease yet we are partakers of one aire ¶ Humfrey THe cause why thy labouring seruauntes in the fielde at plough pastures or woode haue such good health is exercise and labour thy disquietnes cometh partly of Idlenes and lacke of trauel which moderatly vsed is a thing most soueraint to nature ¶ Iohn I pray y t tel me some thing of exercise ¶ Humfrey THe well learned man Fulgentius saith that exercise is afile and chaufer of the heate natural whiche chasseth away slepe and coÌ„sumeth superfluous strength Of the naturall vertues redeamynge of tyme enemye vnto Idlenes dewe vnto yong men ioy of old meÌ„ and to say y e truthe he which doth abstein froÌ„ exercise shal lacke y e ioyes of helth quietnes both of body mynde And Galen saieth in his regiment of health if we wil kepe ê‘fit health We muste begin of laborrs and moderat trauell and then to our meate and drinke and so for the to slepe this is the cause whye haukers shooters hunters and plowmen and gardeners c. haue so good dysgestyon and strength of bodie Who be stronger armed men then Smithes because of the exercise of there armes stronger boddyed then carpenters which lifteth greate blockes and masons which beareth greate stones not onely in there youth but suche men will take meruelous traueles in age which to Idle people semeth verye paynefull but vnto them selues that trauell no paine but pleasure because of custome These people can disgeste grose meates eating them with much pleasure and slepinge soundlye after them wheras the idle multitudes in Cities noble mens houses great nombers for lacke of exercise doth abhorre meates of lighte disgestion and dantye disshes marye in deade thei may be very profitable to phisicions But if trauell be one of the beste preseruer of helth
Pecockes and any great foules muste after they bâ— killed be hanged vp by y e necks two or thre daies with a stoonâ— waiyng at their feete as y e weather will serue and then dressed and eaten Prouided that good wyne be dronken after them Iohn What is the fleshe of Cranes Humfrey SImeon Sethi saieth their flesshe is hoate and drie the young be good but the old encreaseth melancoly they dooe engender seed of generation and being tenderly rosted doth helpe to cleare the voice and clense the pype of the lunges ¶ Iohn What is Swan ¶ Humfrey EVery grose foule is chollericke harde of disgestion the Signetes be better then the old SwaÌ„nes if their Galantines be â—ell made it helpeth to disgeste â—heir fleshe ¶ Iohn â—Hat is the fleshe of Herons Bytters and Shouellers Humfrey THese foules be fisshers and be very rawe and flegmaâ—icke like vnto the meate wherof â—hey are fedde the young be best and ought to be eaten with pepper Synnamon Suger and â—inger to drinke wyne after y u â—or good disgestion And thus do for all water foules ¶ Iohn What be partriches Fesants quails Larkes Sparrowes Plouer and blaâ— Eirdes ¶ Humfrey PArtriches doth bynde she bely and doth norryshe milchâ— The Cockes be better then tâ— Henne birdes they dooe dry â—ffeume and corruption in the stoâ—macke Feesantes is the best oâ— al flesh for his swetnes is equaâ— vnto the CapoÌ„ or Partriche bâ— he is somewhat drier And Raâ— sayeth Feasantes fleshe is gooâ— for the that haue y e feuer Ethikâ— for it is not only a meate but medicine and doth clense corruâ— humers it the stomake Quaile altough they be eaten of manâ— yet they are not to be comende for they do engender aguwes be euill for the falling sickenesseâ— For as Conciliatur saieth of alâ— foules that be vsed for meates it is the worste Dioscorides saieth that Larkes rosted be holsome to be eaten of them that be troubled with the chollicke Blacke birdes taken in the time of frost be holsom and good of disgestioÌ„ The donge of Black birdes tempered with vineger and applied to any place that haue the blacke Morphewe or black Leprosie often tymes annointed with a sponge doth helpe theÌ„ The flesh of Plouers doeth engender melancoly Sparrowes be hoote prouoketh venus or lust Plinii doeth discribe their properties â—he braines be the beste parte of â—hem Woodcockes be of good diâ—gestion and temperate to feede vpon All smal birdes of y e field â—s Robbin read brest Lynettes Finches red Sparrowes Gold wynges and suche like if thei be fatte they be marueilous good and doth greatly coÌ„forte nature either rosted or boyled and thus do I coÌ„clude with the of birdes ¶ Iohn I Hartely thanke thee gentle maister Humfrey for thy paines takinge in these thy rules vnto me concerning the proper vse of beastes and foules in meates I would be glad to knowe the vertues of some fyshes ¶ Humfrey IN many IlaÌ„des of this world nere adiacent vnto the occiente seas the people liue there moste chiefly by fishe and be right stroÌ„g and sound people of complexion as Aristotel saieth Consuetudo est taÌ„quam altra natura Custome is like vnto another nature but because I speake of fishe I will deuide them in thre partes First of the fisshes of the sea secoÌ„dly the fishe of freshe running riuers thirdly of the fishes in poles standinge waters The Sea hath manye grose and fatte fysshes which be noysome to the stomacke but the smaler kind of fishes y t fede about rockes cleare stony places bee more drier and lesse of moistnes then the fresh water fishe doth engenderles fleume and winde by the reason of their salt feding as Galen saieth they be the beste fishes that feede in the pure sea and chiefest of all fisshes for the â—se of mankinde But Haliabas saieth new fishe lately taken is â—olde and moist and flegmatick but leste of all the Sea fysshe Fysshe that swymmeth in freshe â—leare Ryuers or stoony places where as the water is sweate â—eynge fysshes that beare scales hee meruaylous good If they feede neare vnto places where muche filthe is daily caste out there the fisshe be very corrupt and vnholsome as the said Haliabas saieth Fyshe that fedeth in fennes marisces diches and moddie pooles be very vnholsome and do corrupt the bloude they be grosse slymy corrupt wyndie But those fisshes that be fed in fayre pondes wherein two running waters may ensue and where as sweate herbes rootes weedes that groweth about the bankes doth feed the fisshe those fisshe be holsome Galen saiethâ— Fisshe y t is whyte skalled harde As perches Cheuiens Ruffes Carpes Breimes Roches Troutes c. be al good But vnskaled fisshes as Eales Tenches Lampreis and suche like be daungerous onles they bee well baken or rosted and eaten with pepper ginger vineger And note this that it is not holsome traueling or labourynge immediatly after the eatinge of fysshe for it doeth greately corrupte the stomacke and as Galen saieth the nourryshementes of fleshe is better then the nourrismentes of fyshe And thus much generallie I haue spoken of fish Ihon. ANd thus it semeth by thy wordes that great fisshe that be deuourers in sea as Seale and Purpos and such like be vnholsome and that the smaller fisshes as Codlinges Whitinges Places Smeltes Buttes Solles pike Perche Breime Roche Carpe and such as fedeth in cleane stony waters thou sayste they be holsome Eales Lampreis and other muddy fysshes â—hou doest not greatly commend There be some kyndes of fysh soft and harde whiche be the beste ¶ Humfrey If fysshe be softe the eldest fyshe is the be best If fyshe be harde the yongest is best for it is either soft or hard Of harde fishe take the smallest of softe fysshe take the greatest Prouided that your fyshe be not very slimy and thus sayeth Auicen in hys booke of fysshes Ihon. I pray the tell me some thynge of shell fysshes Humfrey CRauises and Crabbes be very good fysshes the meate of them doth helpe the lunges but they be hurtfull for the bladder yet they wyll engender seade If Crabbes of the freshe water bee sodden in pure grene Oyle oliue this Oyle dropped into the eare luke warme dooeth heale hoate burning obstructions and stoppinge matter that hindreth the hearynge As for lempetes Cockles Scallapes as Galen saieth they be harde of disgestion muskels oisters wold be wel boiled rosted or baken with onions wine butter suger ginger pepper or els they be very wyndy flegmatike Chollerick stomaks may wel disgest raw oisters but they haue cast many one away Ihon. What is the vertue of Oyle Humfrey GReene oile of oliues is y e mother of all oiles which doeth drawe into her owne nature the vertues of herbes buddes flowers frutes and rootes Swete sallet oyle is holsome to disgeste colde herbes and sallets teÌ„pered with
sharpe Vineger and Suger Newe Oyle doth moist and warme the stomacke but olde Oile corrupteth the stomacke cleueth to the lunges and maheth one horse Oyle of Roses sharpe vineger tempered together is good to anointe the fore heades of them that be troubled with extreme heate or fransie so that Blugose be sodden in their posset ale or els drinke the syrrupes of Endiue or Buglos There be many goodlie vertues in compounded oiles both to calife and make hote And also to coole the body wheÌ„ it is extreme hoote as the great learned man Iohn Mesua hath decribed in his Antidorarii Ihon. VVilt thou be so good as to tell me the properties of water ¶ Humfrey VVater is one of the four elementes more lighter then earth heuier then fire and ayre But this water which is here amongest vs in Riuers Pondes springes floudes and seas be no pure waters for thei be mingled with sundry ayres corruptions grosenesse and saltnes notwithstandynge in all our meates and drinkes water is vsed amongest all liuyng creatures can not be forborn both man beast fish foule herbe and grasse And as Auicen saieth the claye water is pure for cley clenseth the water and is better then water that ruÌ„neth ouer grauell or stones so that it be pure cley voyde of corruption Also waters runnynge toward the east be pure coÌ„myng oute of harde stonye rockes and a Pinte of that water is lighter then a pynte of the standyng water of welles or pooles The lighter the water the better it is Also waters that is put in wine c ought first to be soddeÌ„ or it be occupied cold and so the fire dothe clense it from corruption Standing waters and water running neare vnto cities and townes or marish ground wodes fennes be euer ful of corruption because there is so much filthe in them of carions rotten dunge c. The hyer it water dothe faule then the water is Yse and snowe waters be verygrose and be hurtfull to the bodies of menne and Beastes To drincke colde water is euyll for it wyll stoppe the bodye and engender melancholye Salte water helpeth a man from scabbes iche and moiste humoures it killeth lice and wasteth bloude betwene the skin and the flesshe but it is mooste hurteful to the stomacke but the vapoure and smoke of it is good for them that haue the dropsy ¶ Iohn What is Vineger Humfrey VIneger is colde and drye and is hurtefull for theim that be melancholye but when it is dronke or poured vpon a outward wound stoppeth the bloud It also kylleth hot apostumations of erisipilus it is an enemi to the sinowes Vineger brimstone sodden together is good for the Goute to wasshe it withall Vyneger tempered wyth oyle Olyfe or oyle of Roses and sodeÌ„ with vnwashed wol helpeth a disease called Soda in the heade applied warme vnto the place it dothe helpe hoate diseases in the hed called Soda it is good in sauce for al warm and moist men Vineger with clene clarified honye penidies and faire water sodden together doth greatly helpe the paines in the throte or lunges or stoppyng the winde quencheth hoat diseases And sharpe vyneger mingled with salt and put vpon the biting of a dog doth heal it and against poyson it is excellent chiefly to drinke a litle therof against the pestilence in a mornynge ¶ Iohn What vertue hath our common salt Humfrey RAsis saith salt is hoat and dry Dioscorides saith salt hath vertue to stop to scoure and mundifie and of that minde is Oribasius saiyng salt is compouÌ„ded of matter abstersiue and stiptik whiche â—atters be both binding and driyng moist humours and is good to powder fat flesh both bief and porke and other fat meate for it hath vertue to drye vp superfluous humours as water bloud c. But it is not good for leane bodies or hoat coÌ„plexcioned people for the much vse of it maketh the body cholerike appere aged and to be angry The very vse of it is onelye to season meates but not to be meate Much good salt is made here in Englande as at â—itch Hollond in Lincholnshire and in the Shiles nere vnto new â—astell Ihon. What is honye or the vertue thereof Humfrey AVerrois sayeth honye is hoaâ— and drye in the seconde degree and dooeth cleanse verye much and is a medicinable meaâ— moste chiefliest for olde men and women For it doth warme them conuert theÌ„ into good blud Iâ— is not good for cholerick persons because of the heat and drynesse Thei do greatly erre that say hony is hoat and moiste but if it be clarified from his wax and drosse and kept in a close vessel there is nothinge that is liquid vpon the earth that remaineth leÌ„ger And this precious iewel hony hath euer bene more praysed aboue suger for it wil coÌ„serue kepe anye frute herb rote or ani other thiÌ„g that is put into it an exceadynge longe time Marueilous is the worke of God in honye beyng a heauenlye dewe that falleth vppon flowers and leues as Auicen â—aieth and is neither the iuice of â—eaues nor fruite but onelye the â—eauenlye dewe Whereunto the Sees commeth in due time and â—ather the said honye and laye it â—p in store in their curious builâ—ed houses whereas they dwell â—â—gether in most goodly order O Sees bees how happyer are you more then many wretched men â—hyche dwelleth neuer together 〈◊〉 vnitye and peace but in conâ—nuall discorde and disquietnes â—s Virgill sayeth En quo discorâ—a ciues produxerit miseros Beâ—olde what discorde wretched Citizins haue broughte foorth But nowe to make an ende of â—e moste excellente vertues of â—onye it is good in the meates 〈◊〉 theim whyche be flegmatike Hony newely taken out of their combes be partlye laxatiue but clarified hony doth binde and dry vp fleum and kepeth the bodyes of flegnatike and old persons froÌ„ corruption The best hony is gathered in the springe time the seconde in somer but that which is gathered in winter is yll hurtful One parte of hony and some part of water sodden together vntil the sroth be all scomde of and when it is colde kepte in a close stone pot this drinke saieth Galen is holesome for sommer clenseth the lunges preserueth the bodye in health Oximel simplex and compositum be made wyth honye and so be many mo thinges whiche be of greate vertue Suger which is called Mel canne hony of the reed beyng clene not ful of grose pannell doth clense and is not so hoate as Bees honye and doth agree with the stomacks of cholericke persons Haliabas saith it moueth not the stomacke to drynes and that the clene white suger not adulbrated dothe nourishe more then honye Of Rose-water Pearles suger is made a goodly comforter for the harte called Manus Christi Ihon. What is the propertie of milke Humfrey SImeon Sethi saieth that milke is of three
A newe booke Entituled the Gouernement of Healthe wherein is vttered manye notable Rules for mannes preseruacion with sondry symples and other matters no lesse fruiteful then profitable colect out of many approued authours Reduced into the forme of a Dialogue for the better vnderstanding of thunlearned Wherunto is added a sufferain Regiment against the pestilence By VVilliam Bulleyn ¶ Imprinted at Londō by Iohn Day dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneth saint Martins Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum QVE TANT IE PVYS T. H. To the right vvorshypfull Sir Thomas Hilton Knyght Baron of Hilton and Captaine of the King and Quenes maiesties castell of Tinmoth VVilliam Bulleyn wisheth encrease of worshyp and health QVINTVS Curcius y e famous wryter of the greate Battayles that Kyng Alexāder the sōne of Phillippe of Macedone had against the moost noble and ritch Kyng of the Medes and Persians called Darius ryght worshipfull sir declareth that when one Philippe the Phisicion vnto the sayde Kyng Alexander and his moste trusty subiecte By sodayne chaunce the kyng fell sore sicke to the great heauines of all his royall armie at whiche tyme with al speade this phisicion did prepare a medicine moste excellente for his soueraine Lorde whome he so dearly loued to this ende that the great vertue therof might preuent his present sickenes imenint daūger but malicious spite that wretched enemie whiche neuer slepeth but watcheth euer to bringe vertue and good fame to destructiō◠Immediatly before this gentle Philip did presente him selfe vnto the kyng with his medicine Letters were sent to king Alexander cōteining that the said Philip wa◠corrupted so with money from king Darius that he hadde 〈◊〉 moste deadly poyson and vncurable venyme into Alexanders medicine The king perusing the letters kept theim secrete vntyll he had dronke his medicine and immediatly he toke his phisicion by the hande and deliuered hym the letters that he might rede thē hauing in him so great cōfidence that he did in no maner of case mistruste him The cause why I haue alledged this most worthy prince kyng Alexāder his excellent phisiciō Philip is to declare the great truste in the one the fidelitie in the other not forgetting the shameles condicions of the flattryng Parisites whiche euer wrlketh with two faces in one hood bearing fier in the one hande and water in the other sowers of discorde reapers of mischief which be alwaies enemies vnto the disciples of Philippe whose venemous stynges can not hurte them which euer haue in store the precious Iewel of pacience and arme them selues to do good to euerye good man for the preseruation of their lyues by the trewe rules of the gouerment of health whiche here I am so bold to present vnto your worship For where as there lacketh gouernement in a common wealth the people dooe eftsones fall into ruyne The shippes that lacketh good gouernaunce oftētimes be cast awaie vpon sandes and rockes And therefore there is nothinge vnder heauen that hath lyfe but if it lacke good gouernemēt it wil quickly fal into vtter decaie For like as the creature of all thinges haue formed the bodies of al mē into the goodliest shapes of euery liuing thing that euer was or euer shalbe Euē so he hath ordeined for mā herbes frutes rootes seedes plantes gūmes oyles precious stones beasts foules fishes for the preseruation of health to be moderatly vsed with discretion whiche preserueth the bodye in good estate without whose vertues the bodies can not lyue for they be the noryshers of life But misusing or abusing them bringeth to the body many diseases as rumes catores dropsies impostumes gowtes flixes opelations vertigos blyndnes ruptures fransies with many moonoysome diseases which cometh thorowe the corruptiō of meates and ill aire For what auaileth ryches honoures costly buyldinges faire apparell with all the pompe of this worlde and to be honoured of the people and in the meane time to be eaten with wormes in the breaste or in the belly consumed with agues turmented with gowtes sorenes boneache c. Well I thinke an hole Codrus is better than a sicke Mydas And seing that to possesse health is better then to gouerne golde in so much that health maketh men more happier stronger and quieter then all maner of riches lacking health as exāple Great princes noble mē men of great substaunce when they bee wrapped enclosed with many sundry sickenesses and in dailye daungers of death in their extreme paynes and passions they do more greatly coueit one drope of health then a whole tunne of gold criyng out for the helpe and counseile of the phisicion Whom Iesus Sirack in his godlie boke did counsell allwyse men to honour and whome the almghtie God did create and ordeine for the infirmitie of mankinde and also medicine for his helpe and that no wyse man should despise thē Therfore yet againe right worthie Knight I shall moste humbly desire you to except the good will of him whiche wyssheth the yeares of your prosperous lyfe health to be equall to Nestor Arganton and Galen Whose lyues were long healthful and happy And thus wyshing the daily encrease of your worship with continuall health to gods pleasure who euer be your guide and gouernour Amen Your worships alwaies to commaunde VVilliam Bulleyn CVrsed be Bachus the father of dronkenes Founder of lothelie luste and lecherie Thy seruaūtes twain be intēperaūce idlenes Whiche gentle diet and sobernes do defie but sobernes doth liue when glotony doth die Though bākettes doth abounde eyes for to please Ouercharging the stomake bringeth small ease THe aboundaunce of wine and luste of meate Feasting in the daie and riot in the night Inflameth the bodie with vnnaturall heate Corrupteth the bloud and abateth the sight The synewes wil relaxe the Artears haue no might Apoploxia and Vertigo will neuer fro the starte Vntill the vitall blode be killed in the harte O Happy is pouertie with good gouernaunce Whiche of fine fode hath no great plentie Nature is suffised with thinges suffisaunce But poysoned with floodes of superfluitie Consider your foode in the time of pouertie Example to Diogmes sitting in his tonne Was well pleased with reflexcion of the sunne BEastes and foules of nature rauenous Infieldes and forestes seke their aduenture Vpon their praies deuouring moste odious Consuming by glottonie many a creature Yet eche of theim according to their nature Can purge their Cruditie with casting venomous Man through replecion is in daunger parelous Mans nature doth wekē as this world doth wast As thinges ingendred corrupting by time Your lyfe is present but death maketh haste Festinate by surfite I tell you in ryme Example to the epicures rotten into slime As gods worde and storis the treuth to tell That vnsatiat glottons shall faste in hell TRuly to wyse men this is the chief medicine Moderate diet with temperat trauell good ayr in swete fields whē y e son doth shine Fliyng stinging mistes that the
life will expell Digestion of stomake they shall fele full well And to shake of anger and passions of the mynde Thus quietnes of coÌ„science the happy maÌ„ shal finde VVe knowe eche one and se by experience That men shall waste and phisicke fade What is man when he is in moste excellence â—one fallen to duste and sleapeth stil in shad â—lowers leaues fruts groweth iÌ„ somer most glad â—ut from their braunches as it is daily sene â—re beateÌ„ down w t winde wheÌ„ thei are fresh grene SOnne mone starres with heauenly influence The earth doth garnishe w t flowers fresh of hew The trees spring w t frute of their beneuolence â—e rain norisheth y e swete felds w t siluer drops new â—â—e lelie read rose and flowers pale blewe â—orue and cattelle and euery thing temporall â—e not these gods giftts for these our liues mortal BVt to know these creaturs is a gift most excelleÌ„t Complexions hote or colde moist or drie And to whate nature they be conuenient Hippocrates and Gallene in their time did trie Dioscorides and Auicen with Plini wold not lye Aristotle the philosopher in learning moste excellent So be many men now in this life present TO them I bend my knee with dewe reuerence As one vnworthy their fotesteppes for to kisse Iacking no good will confessing my negligence Though many will iudge my entent amisse Powring water in the sea where aye plentie is But of your worship to whome I present this gift Except it better theÌ„ nothing to make a simple shift I pray you rede this gouernmeÌ„t short I wil it make Betwene one called Iohn Humfrey the wise When you are at leasure in your hand it take Though it lacke eloquence yet do it not despise I will assite no authour which haue writen lies And stil wil submitte my self vnto the lerned iudge And forse not of the ignorant whiche at my traueâ— grudge Esse cupis sanus sit tibi parca manus Pone gule metus etas vt sit tibi longa FINIS To the gentle Reader HEre I doe present vnto thee gentle Reader a symple Gouerne meÌ„t of helth beseching thee moste heartely for to except it as an argument of my good wyll as one vnfayeÌ„dly that greatly dooe couit the good â—ate and happy health of mankynde Whiche by dayly casualtis surfaites 〈◊〉 do decay and fall into many greâ—â—â—us painful sickenesses For whiche cause although perhappes I can not in 〈◊〉 pointes aunswere to thy request in â—â—is litle regement yet I shall desire â—ee to except me amonge the feloweshyp of the botchers which do helpe to â—â—paire thinges that fall into ruine or â—ecay Euen so bee the pratiscioâ—ers of â—â—isicke no makers of men but when â—â—en dooe decaye throughe sickenesse â—â—â—en the counsell of the Phisicion and 〈◊〉 vertue of medicine is not to be reâ—â—sed but moste louingly to be embraced as a chief friende in the tyme of a â—â—uersitie if thou readest this litle hooâ—â— and obserue it I trust it wyll paye muche as it doeth promyse And because I am a yong man I woulde 〈◊〉 presume to take suche a matter in 〈◊〉 although the wordes be fewe but 〈◊〉 consiliat and gather thinges together which of my selfe I haue practised and also read and noted in the workes Hypocrates Galen Auicen Plinii Hâ—lyabas VVenzoar Rasis Dioscorid Leonhardus Fucchius Conradus Gesnerus c. And thus I leue the to the company of this my litle booke wisshyng thee health and all them that shall reade it ⸫ VVilliam Bulleyn ⧠The contentes of this boke of the gouernment of healthe THe Epistle Verses in Meter against surfeting coÌ„mending moderate diet Verses in the prayse of the boke A preface to the Reader Of the Epiâ—urs life Fo. i. â—â—eliogabalê° court fit for Epicures Fo. ibid. â—aly gods plaged Fo. ii â—utes of inordinate banquets Fol. eod â—arietie of opinioÌ„s fo iii 〈◊〉 obiectioÌ„ against phiâ—â—cke fol. eod â—â—od autour of phi fo eo â—â—od ordeined herbes for â—â—elth of men fol. eod â—â—he praise of phi fo iiii â—diffinition of phi fo v â—â—ndry sectes of phisitiâ—ns fo vi Phisike deuided into v. partes fol. vii The discription of the. 4 complexions fo ix The discription of the. 4 Elementes fol. x Creatures coÌ„pouÌ„d of mo elements theÌ„ one fo eo Elementes felâ—e and not sene fo xi The. 4 complexions deuided into 4 quarters of the yere fo eod Metals and medicines be knovven fol. xii The bringing vp of children fo xiâ—iâ— Best time to prouide for age fol. xv The discription of the. 4 humours fol. xvi Men hoat but vvomens tongues hoater fo xix Al things bringeth their apparell vvith him maÌ„ onely except fo eod A diffinicion of members fo xx Muskels and glandens fleshe fo eod A part called by the naÌ„e of the vvhole fo xxi Vvhat anotomy is fo eo Foure thinges conside red in the bodye of man fol. eod Of openyng the vaines and blud letting fo xxiii AgaiÌ„st dropsy fo xxiiii Helping the Eme. fo eo Thernia excellent Triacle fol. eod Capers good fo xxv Miracle healpeth vvhen phisike faileth fo eod Time for al thinges fo 27 Of bloud letting fo 28. Vsurpation fo xxviii Morning best to let blud fol. eod Of meats and medicinâ— fo eod Best time to purg fol. 3â— Vomites and their profites fo eoâ— Custome in vomityng euill fol. eoâ— Of bathinges and their properties fo eoâ— Discommodities by coÌ„mon hot houses fo xxxâ— Afore bathing vse gooâ—â— oyntments fol. eoâ— Perilous to bath vpon aâ— empty stomack fo eoâ— Of nesynge fo â—oâ— Of suppositers fol. eoâ— Boxing good for the bodye fo eoâ— Of glisters fol. eoâ— Manipracticioners fo 3â— Beastes and birds vse prâ—ning c. fol. eoâ— Hot vvater vnholesomâ— fol. xxxiâ— Frication holesom fo eâ—â— Combing the head fo eo Cutting of heere and parynge nayles fo eod Consideration to be had in eating fo eod A cause vvhy the soul de parteth from the body fo 34. To eate bothe fleshe and fishe together hurteth the flegmatike fol. eod Diuerse sortes of meates corruptes the body fo 35 Good dyet prolongeth life fol. eod Vvhat meats doth cause good bloud fol. 36 To go to bed vvith empty stomack hurts fo eo An order in dieting fo 37 An order for them that the sicke fo 38 Of syrrops and drinkes fol. eod 〈◊〉 the complexion is so 〈◊〉 desireth fol. 39 Moderate vvalke after meat profiteth fo eod To healpe disgestion by diuers vvaies fol. xl A note vvhiche bee the most holesomest ayres to dvvel in fo xli Vvhat ayres corrupteth the bloude fol. eod Corrupte ayre bringeth sundry diseases fo xlii Feruent praier vnto god doth mitigate his vvrath fo eod Svvete aires to be made in time of sicknes fo eo Vvhat sitation is best for an house fol. 43 Pleasant people fo eod Moderate exercise a souerain thing fol. 44 Vvhat profit cometh by exercise fo eod
place with the euapuration of diuers sweate herbes well sodden â—n water whiche haue vertue to â—pen the poores softly letting out feble and grosse vapers whiche â—ieth betwene the skinne and the â—â—eshe This kinde of bathinge is good in the time of Pestilence or feuer quartein in the ende of the â—athes it is good to anointe the â—ody with some swete oyle to moâ—ifie and make soft the synewes And thus to coÌ„clude of bathing â—t is very holsome so that it bee not doone vppon an emptie stomacke palseis maye come there by or to take sodaine colde after it there foloweth an other purgacion called nesing or sternutacion whiche is benificiall for the bodie if it be vsed vpon an empty stomacke Twyse or thrise in a morning with a lefe of Bittony put into thy nose it helpeth memory good againste opilation stopping obstructions Suspositers be good for weake people or childreÌ„ made with Hieria Picrâ— hony made in the length of a finger Scarifiyng or boxing as Gallen saieth applied vnto the extreme partes as the legges and the armes doth great helpe vnto the body in drawing watery humour away from the bodye but boxing is not good for the breste applied therto in hote feuers is â—aungerous Glisters made acâ—ording to arte be good for them â—hiche be to weake to take purâ—ations The maner of the sayd Clisters because they be not here 〈◊〉 be spoken of at large I entend â—y Gods grace to set forth in my â—ext boke of Helthful medicins Purgacions venerus there be 〈◊〉 many practicioners thereof â—hat I neede to wryte no rules â—ut this that effectioÌ„ lust fanâ—asie haue banished chastitie teÌ„â—raunce and honestie ¶ Iohn â—Laine people in the countrey as carters thresshers ditchers colliers â—owmen vse seldome tymes to washe â—eir haÌ„des as appereth by their filthy â—s as very fewe tymes combe their â—ads as it is sene by floxe neites â—ese fethers strawe and suche like â—hich hangeth in their â—eares Wheâ—er is wasshing or coÌ„bing thinges to decorate or garnishe the body or 〈…〉 bryng health to the same ¶ Humfrey THou seest that y e deare horse or cowe will vse friction or rubbing theÌ„ selues against trees both for their ease and healthe Birdes and haukes after their bathing will prune rouse them selues vpon their brauÌ„ches and perkes and al for healthe What should man do whiche is reasonable but to kepe hym self clene often to washe y e haÌ„des which is a thinge moste comfortable to coole the heate of the liuer if it bâ— done often the handes be also the instrumentes to the mouthe and eies with manye other thinges coÌ„moÌ„ly to serue y e body To wasâ— the handes in cold water is very holsome for the stomake and lyuer but to wash with hote wateâ— engendreth rumes wormes and corruption in the stomacke because it pulleth awaye naturall heate vnto the warmed place whiche is washed Frication or rubbing the bodye is good to bee done a morninges after the purgation of the belly with warme clothes froÌ„ the head to the brest then to the belly from the belly to the thighes legges so furth So that it be done downwarde it is good And in drie folkes to be rubbed with the oyle of camomyll Coming of the headde is good a morninges and doth coÌ„forte memorie it is euill at night and open the pores The cutting of the heer and the paring of the nailes cleane keping of y e eares and teathe be not onely thynges comely and honest but also holsome rules of Phisicke for to be superfluous thinges of thexcrementes ¶ Iohn THe chief thing that I had thought to haue demaunded and the verie marke that I would haue the to shote at is to tell me some thing of dietinge my self with meate drinke in health and sicknes ¶ Humfrey THere is to bee considered in eating and drinking the time of hunger or custome the place of eatynge and drinkinge wheit be colde or hoote also the time of the yeare whether it be Wynter or Sommer Also the age or complexion of the eater and whether he be hoole or sicke also the thinges which be eaten whether they be fishe or fleshe frutes or herbes Note also the coÌ„plexions and tempramentes of the sayde meates hoote or colde drie or moist and moste chiefly marke the quantitie so furth And like as lampes doth coÌ„sume the oyle whiche is put vnto them for the preseruacioÌ„ of the light although it cannot continue for euer so is the naturall heate which is with in vs preserued by humiditie moistnes of bloude and fleame whose chiefe engenderer be good meates and drinkes As Auicen saieth deethica When naturall heat is queÌ„ched in y e body theÌ„ of necessitie the soule must departe from the body For the worckeman can not worke when his instrumente is gone So the spirites of life can haue no exercise in the body when there is no natural heate to worke vpon Without meate saieth Galen it is not possible for any maÌ„ to liue either whole or sicke and thus to conclude no vital thing liueth with out refection and sustenaunce whether it be animall reasonable or animale sensible without reason or any vital thing in sensible both man beast fisshe and worme tree or herbe All these thinges be newtrified with the influence or substaunce of the foure Elementes or any of theÌ„ ¶ Iohn VVell Humfrey thou knowest well my coÌ„plexion disorder of my diat what remedy for me that haue liued lyke a riyotter ¶ Humfrey I Know it wel thou arte flegmatike and therfore it is longe or thy meate is disgested When thou doste eat fyshe and fleshe together it dothe corrupte in thy stomack and stinke euen so doth harde chese and cold frutes And olde poudred meates and rawe herbes ingender euil humers so y â— diuersitie of qualitie and quaÌ„titie of dyuers meates dothe bringe muche payne to the stomack and doth engendre many diseasses as thou maste rede in the firste booke of Galen iuuemeÌ„tis membrorum c .iiii. And the Prince hym selfe sayth in iii. pri doc ii Ca. vii Saing nothing is more hurt ful then diuers meates to be ioyned together For whyle as the laste is receauing the first begin to disgeste And when the table is garnished w t diuers meates some rosted some fried baken some warme some colde some fyshe some fleshe with sundrye frutes and salletes of dyuers herbes to plese thyne eye remeÌ„ber with thy selfe that the sighte of them all is better then the feding of them all Consider wyth thy selfe thou arte a man and no beaste therfore be teÌ„paret in thy feding and remember the wyse wordes of SalomoÌ„ Be not gredie sayth he in euery eating and be not hastie vpon all meates For excesse of meates bringeth sicknes and glottonie cometh at the last into an vnmeasurable heat Through surphite haue manye one perished
Petrus de ebaâ—o The passion of the mind called dread or feare is whan the bloud and sprites be drawen inwardlye and maketh the outwarde partes pale trimblinge â—o this by sides pitiful experieÌ„s Haliabas Galen and Aristotel do witâ—es the same The suddayn passion of ioye or gladnes is clene contrary to feare For the harte â—endeth fourth y e spiritual bloud â—hyche in weake persons the arte can neuer recouer agayne â—ut death incontinent as Galen â—yth and as we maye se by exâ—erience As in the metinge of â—en and there wyues ChildreÌ„â—nd there parentes which ether â—y pryson or banyshment were â—ythoute al hope euer to se eche â—ther and in ioye of metynge the delating spreding of y e hart bloud haue caste the bodye into swoninge And thus my frende Iohn I do coÌ„clude vpon certeyn affections of the mind wisshing doctor diat quiat mery man to helpe the whan thou shalt nede For mirth is beloued of musicions plesante birdes fisshes as the Dolphin What is mirth honestly vsed an image of heueÌ„ A great lordshippe to a poore maÌ„ and preseruer of nature Salomon sayth Non est oblectatio super cordis gaudium c. And yet I saie THe Ireful man is euer a thall The ioyful minde is happest of al. Zele burne lyke flames of fiere Whan honest mirth haue his desyre Loue well mirth but wrath dispise This is the counsell of all the wyse ¶ Iohn I Wold very fayne knowe the natures of sorten simples and first what is worme wood ¶ Humfrey A CoÌ„mon knowen herbe it is of diuers kindes as PoÌ„ticum Romanum c. It is hote in the first drye in the seconde degre and it is very bitter and beinge â—ried kepeth clothes frome worâ—es and mothes and the sirope â—hereof eaten before wyne preâ—erueth men frome dronkennes â—f it be sodden in vineger it will â—elpe y e sores that bredes in the â—ares being laid warme vppon â—t is good to be dronke agaynste Appoplexia Opthalmia Which is 〈◊〉 sicknes of the eye is greatlye â—elped with the wormwood if it â—e stamped made luke warme â—yth rosewater and layed vpon â—he eye and couered with a clene â—yked walnut shel the sirope helâ—eth the bloudie flixe it doeth â—elp a cold stomack if it be droÌ„ke tenne daies together euery morninge two sponfull of the sirope is good against the dropsie euery daye dronke two ounces fastinge and thus saythe Auicen figges cocle wormwood nitur stamped together and made in a plaister is good agaynst the disease of the splen and also killeth wormes in the bellye vsed in the foresayde maner one drame of the powder maye be dronke at once in wine it haith many moo godlie vertues ¶ Iohn What is y t propeties of Anes seedes ¶ Humfrey IT is much like vnto fenel sede and is called Romane fenel that is warme and swete and hote in the seconde and drye in the third degre the newe sedes is y e beste It ingendereth vitall sede openeth the stoppinge of the raynes and matrixe being dronke with Tysantes or clene temperate vine ¶ Iohn What thinkest thou of mouse eare ¶ Humfrey AN herbe comenlye knowen colde and moiste in the firste â—egre as Gallen sayth the decocâ—ion of this herbe sodden in waâ—er with suger is good againste â—he falling sickenes being often â—imes dronke put a lefe therof â—nto the nose it wil prouoke sterâ—utation or nesinge which wonâ—erfullie doth clense the vayns ¶ Iohn 〈◊〉 wold fayne knowe what is Chyken â—ede ¶ Humfrey ALmoste euery ignorant woman doth knowe this herbe but theyr be of it diuers kindes they bee verye good to keepe wouÌ„des from impostumations stamped and applied vnto them and draweth corruption out of wouÌ„des and sodden with vineger doth draue fleume out of the head if it be often warme put into the mouthe and spit it oute agayne In this same maner it helpeth the teath and soden in wine and so dronke it will clense the reignes of the backe ¶ Iohn VVhat is Sorrell might I knowe of the and the propertie therof ¶ Humfrey THy Coke dothe righte well knowe it and all they that make grene sauce but y e discription I leue to Dioscorides and Leonard futchius not onlye in thys herbe but in al other and to tell tell thee the vertue I will it is colde and drie in the seconde degree it also stoppeth it is like on diue in propertie because it ouer commeth choler and is muche commended it helpeth the yelow iaundis if it be droÌ„ke with small wyne or ale and also quencheth burning feuers to eate of the leues euery morning in a pestileÌ„ce time is moste holsome it they be eaten fasting This herbe doeth Dioscorides Galen and Auicen greatly commende besides the greate learned men of this tyme. ¶ Iohn What is Planten or Waybrede ¶ Humfrey THe greater Planten is the better it hathe seuen greate vaynes it is cold drie the seede of it droÌ„ke with read wyne stoppeth the bloudie flixe the rootes sodden and dronke in wyne stoppeth the bloudy Flixe the rootes and leaues beinge sodden with sweate water and with Suger or borage water and geuen to hym that hath an Ague either tertian or quartaine two houres afore his fitte proue this for thus haue I helped many it is verye comfortable for chyldren that haue great Flixes Agues and is a friende vnto the lyuer this herbe is greatlye praysed of the Doctours ¶ Iohn VVhat is Camomill and the operation thereof ¶ Humfrey THis herbe is very hoat it is dronke against cold windes and rawe matter beinge in the guttes the Egiptians did suppose it woulde helpe all colde Agues and did consecrate it to the sunne as Galen saieth Also if it be tempered and streined into white wyne and dronke of women hauing y e childe dead within the body it will cause present deliuerance it dooeth mightelie clense the bladder and is excellent to be soddeÌ„ in water to wash the feete the oyle is precious as is declared hereafter ¶ Iohn HOppes be well beloued of the beer brewers howe dooe the Phisiâ—ions saye to them ¶ Humfrey THere be whiche doth coole be called Lupilum those that we haue be hote and drie bitter sower hote saith old herbals And â—ucchius saith thei clense fleume â—holer and y e water betwene the skin and fleshe the sirupes wyll clense grosse rawe fleume from y e guttes and is good agaynst obstructioÌ„s sodden If the iuice be dropped in the eare it taketh the stinke away of rotten sores the rootes will helpe the lyuer and splene beyng sodden and droÌ„ke the beer is very good for flegmatike men ¶ Iohn What is Sage for that I loue well ¶ Humfrey THere be two kindes of sage they be herbes of health and therfore they be called Saluia this herbe is hote dry prouoketh vrine clenseth y e matrix stoppeth the bloud in a wouÌ„de If
sleepe verie paynfull and troublous hoat in the thirde degree and warme in â—he stomake clenseth the stomake and bryngeth good couler to the face and helpeth the grene sickenes prouoketh vrine â—pened the emoroides If they â—e sodden in vineger and layde â—arme to them pele of the rind â—nd cutte it at both the endes â—nd cast it into fayre warme waâ—er and let it lie an houre or two â—nd then slice it this takes away â—e veameÌ„t sharpnes of it Rew â—alte hony one onion staÌ„ped to â—ether is a goodly plaister to lay vpon y â— biting of a dogge leekes purgeth the bloud in march and payneth the heed and be not greatly praised for their iâ— iuice Adoge saythe Dioscorides the head beinge anoynted with the iuice thereof kepeth heare frome fallinge thereis muche varietie of this onyon amongest wryters sayth Plini but this shall suffise ¶ Iohn What is Lettise ¶ Humfrey IT doothe mightylye encrease milke in womens breastes and therfore is called lettisse as Martial saithe firste shalbe geuen to the vertue and power to increasâ— milke in the breasts euery hourâ— lettis is an hearb cold and moisâ— and is comfortable for a hoate stomake bringeth sleepe mollifieth the belly the drier it be eat the better it is I meane if it be not muche wasshed in water adding cleane sallet Oile Suger and vineger to it it abateth carnall luste and much vse of it dulleth the sight the seede is precious against hoat diseases droÌ„ke with tisans There is an herbe called Rocked gentle which partely smelleth like a Foxe whiche is very hoat an increaser of sede whiche herbe must alwayes bee eateÌ„ with Lettis The roote ther of sodden in water will drawe broken boones and will helpe the cough in yonge children ¶ Iohn What he Myntes ¶ Humfrey MYntes be of two kindes garden and wylde Myntes thei be hoat vnto the thirde dooeth drie in the second degre Garden Mintes is best y e pouder of this with the iuice of Pomgarnites stoppeth vomits helpeth sighiÌ„g clenseth hoate choller Three braunches of this sodden with wine doth helpe repletioÌ„ dronke fasting This iuice teÌ„pered with good triacle eaten of childreÌ„ a morninges wil kil wormes and stamped with salte applie it to y t biting of a dogge it will heale it It is holsome sodde with wyndy meates and sodden in posset alâ— with fenill it helpeth collike it encreaseth vital sede It is not best for chollericke complexions but good for flegmatike and indifferent for melancoly and it wyll stoppe bloude stamped and applied to the place The iuice of Mintes is best to mengle in medicine against poison the pounder of Mintes is good in pottage fleshe sodden with Oximel it clenseth fleume ¶ Iohn What is Sention ¶ Humfrey IT is of a mixt temprament it coleth and partly cleÌ„seth if it be chopped and soddeÌ„ in water and drinke it with your potage it wil heale y e griefe of the stomacke purge it from hoate choller his downe with saffron colde water stamped put in the eies it wyll drie the running droppes stamped plaister wyse it helpeth many greuous woundes ¶ Iohn What is Pursleyn ¶ Humfrey COlde in the third and moiste in the seconde if it be stamped with steped Barly it maketh a goodly plaister to coole the head eyes and lyuer in agues burninge heate To eate of it stoppeth Flixes and quencheth burning choller and extingwysh venerus luste and greatly helpeth the raynes and bladder and will kill rounde wormes in the belly and comforte the matrix against muche fleume And the iuice is good to drinke in hoate Feuers it may be preserued with salt then it is very good with rosted meates Plini sayeth it is supposed to make the sight blunte and weake further he saieth that in Spayne a great noble manne whome he did knowe did hang this Pursleyn roote in a threede coÌ„monly about his necke which was muche troubled of a longe sicknesse and was healed ¶ Iohn What is Mugwort ¶ Humfrey MVgworte and Fetherfoy Tansey be verye hoate and drie in the seconde degree Mugwort sporge and oyle of Almondes tempered plaister wise and applied cold to the sick pained stomake wyll brynge health It is good in bathes saieth Galen it is holsome for women it clenseth warmeth and comfort and breketh the stone Plini saieth it is good against serpentes and holsome for trauelyng men if they carye it it comforteth them from wormes Tansey doth myghtely cast wormes froÌ„ children droÌ„ke w t wyne A cold plaister staÌ„ped layde vpon the belly of a womaÌ„ whose childe is dead within her it will seperate the dead chylde from the liuing mother causing her to niese with Betony leues ¶ Iohn THere is an herbe commonly vsed to the great relief of many called Cabage is it so good as it is reported of ¶ Humfrey CAbage is of twoo properties of bynding the belly and making laxatiue the iuice of Cabages lightly boyled in freshe bief broth is laxatiue but the substaunce of this herbe is harde of digestioÌ„ but if it be twyse soddeÌ„ the broth of it will also bynde the belly if it be tempred with AlluÌ„ This herbe hath vertue to clense a newe read Leprosie laid vpon the sore place in the maner of a plaister But to conclude of this herbe the broth of it hath vertue to preserue from dronkenes as Aristotle Rasis and Auicen doth report eaten before drinking time ¶ Iohn What is Philopendula ¶ Humfrey IT is an herbe hoate and drie if it be sodden in white wyne dronke it drieth vp windy places in the guttes cleÌ„seth the raines in the backe and bladder ¶ Iohn What is Agremonie DIoscorides saieth that if this herbe with swynes greace be stamped together and laid vpon an olde rotten sore being hoat it hath vertue to heale it the sede of this herbe dronke with wyne is good against the biting of Serâ—entes stopping of the liuer and bloudy flixe Iohn SOme men saie that the herbe Dragon is of great vertue Humfrey THe iuice of it saith Dioscorides dropped into y e eie doth clense it and geueth much might vnto the eyes of them whiche haue darke sightes the water of this herbe hathe vertue againste the pestilence If it be dronke blud warme w t venis triacle y e sauor of this herbe is hurtful to a womaÌ„ newly conceiued with child Plenij saith that who so beareth this herbe vpon them no venomous Serpente will do them harme This herbe is hote and drye Ihon. THere is a verye swete flower called a violet is it so profitable as it is pleasaunt Humfrey SImeon Sethi reporteth that it doth helpe against hote inflamations of the guts heade and stomacke if the cause be of burning choller Either the water sirrope or concerue of the saide violets either eaten or dronke in the time of any hote passion But vndoubtedly it offendeth the hart because of the coldnes the sauour
drink of this and to annoynt the wound If it be geuen in drinke to any sicke body a litle before the accesse or cominge of the colde fyttes of cotidians tercians or quartens so that it be dronke with wyne teÌ„peratly warmed this MethridatuÌ„ is a medicine of no small pryce Democrates hath a godlie composition of it an other excellent coÌ„position is of Cleopatre as Galen wryteth An other and the most excellent is the dyscryption of Andromachus phisicion vnto king Nero but the cheife father of this acte was kinge Methridatus the noble king of PoÌ„thus after whose name it is called Ihon. In dede this is an excellent medicin but I pray thee where shall I buye it â–ª Humfrey THe blinde felowe Iohn doe eate many afâ—ye the plaine meanynge man is oft disceiued There is no trust in some of the Poticaries for althoughe the vsurpacion of quid pro quo is tollerable for their Succidanes yet to abuse their simples or compouÌ„des it is not onely theft to robbe simple men but also murther to kyll the hurtlesse Iohn OF late time we haue bene so afflicted with sondrye sickenesses and straung diseases that in many places we could get no phisicions to help vs and when men be sodainly sicke CC. miles from London Cambridge or Oxforde it is to late for the paciente to send for helpe being infected with the pestilence I pray the tel me some good regiment for me and my family if it please God that it may take place Humfrey I Shalbe glad forasmuche as thou hast takeÌ„ paynes to heare me al this while to teache thee a prety regiment for the pestileÌ„ce Iohn REade it faire and softly and I will take my yenne and write it ¶ Humfrey CErtainly the occasion of this moste fearefull sickenes commeth many waies as the chauÌ„ge of the aire from a good vnto an euill qualitie taking his venemous effect of the vitall spirites whiche incontinent with al speede corrupteth the spirituall bloud And sodeÌ„ly as it were an vnmerciful fire it quickely coÌ„sumeth the whole body euen to death vnlesse the holsome medicine do preuent and come to the heart before the pestilent humour And because it is a very strong sickenes it is requisite to haue a strong curing medicine For weake thinges wyll not preuayle against so strong a matter Therfore I pray you note these six saiyngs as aire diet slepe or watche quietnes or trouble and finally medicine First walke not in stinking mistes nor by corrupte marris ground nor in extreme hoate wether but in faire cleare aire vppon high ground in swete fields or gardeÌ„s hauing fire in your chaÌ„ber with swete perfumes of y t smoke of Olibanium or Beniamen Frankensence beinge colde wether And in hoate wether Roses willowe braunches sprinkled with vineger and often shiftinge the chamber is holsome fleing the South wynde Secondly diat moderate eating meate of good disgestioÌ„ as all that haue pure white flesh bothe of beastes foules good bread of wheate partly leuened Eate no raw herbes Pursten Lettis yong Lettis or sorrell except with vineger Drinke of cleare thine wine not chaunged and vse oft times vineiger with your meates and myngle not fish and fleshe together in your stomacke to drinke a tisant of barley water rose water sorrell water betwene meales is good eighte sponefulles at ones Thirdly beware you slepe not at none it bringeth many sicknesses geueth place to the pestilence and abateth memorye For as y â— marigold is spred by the daye and closed by the nighte euen so is man of nature disposed although through custom otherwyse altered vnto great domage and hurte of body Eight hours slepe suffyseth wel to nature but euery complexion hath his proper qualities to slepe vpon the right side is best euell vpon the lefte and worse vpoÌ„ the back Fourthly vse moderat exercise and labor for the euacuation of the excrementes as swyfte going vp hilles stretching forth armes and legges lifting wayghtes not verye ponderous forby labour the first and second digestion is made perfit and the bodye strengthened this is a mighty defence agaynst the pestileÌ„ce and many mo infirmities whereas through idlenes bee engendred all diseases bothe of the soule and bodie where of maÌ„ is compounded made Fifthlye aboue all earthlye thinges mirth is moste excellent and the beste companion of lyfe putter awaye of all diseases the contrary in plage tyme bringeth on the pestilence through painful melaÌ„colike which maketh the body heauy and earthlye Companye Musike honest gaming or any other vertues exercise doth helpe agaynste heauines of minde Sixtly medicine the partie beyng chaunged in nature and condicion trimbling or burning vomiting wyth extreme payne in the daye colde in the night and straunge imaginacions c. Apte to slepe when these signes do appeare geue him medicine before .xii. houres or else it will be his death Take therfore withall spede Sorel one handful staÌ„ped with Rewe Enulacampana Oringe rindes Sitron seedes the great thistle rotes Geneper beries walnuttes cleane piked of eche one ounce stampe them all together then take pure sharpe vineger a quarter of a pinte as muche â—uglosse water as much whyte wine and temper your sayd receites wyth these licoures Then put in two ounces of pure Methridatum andromachi which is an excellent triacle and two drams waight of the powder of pure Bole armein mingle them al together in a verye close vessell and geue the pacient a sponefull or more nexte hys heart and eftsones asmuch more let them that take this slepe not durynge tweÌ„ty hours or else take pure Triacle and set wel mingled in possit ale made with white wine wherin sorrel haue boyled a good draught and let an expert Chirurgion let the pacient bloud vpon the midle vayne called Mediana or the hart vayne Basilica a good quaÌ„tity according to the strength and age of the paciente excepte women with childe and children For the retaining the sayde bloud would all turne to venym and incurable poyson And note this that bloud be letten vpoÌ„ the same side that y t sore doth appere If any appere for many causes slepe not .viii. hours after vse this most exceleÌ„t pilleÌ„ often times Take pure aloes epatik myrre wel washed in cleane water or Rosewater of eche two drammes and one dramme of the powder of SaffroÌ„ mingled with litle of swete wine and tempered in a very smal vessel vppon y t coles vntil it be partly thicke or els incorporat al together in a morter theÌ„ rol them vp in smal round pils vse to swalowe half a dram of these pilles two times a weke in y t pestilence time a morninges .iii. houres before meate An other medicen tormentil gentian setwell of eche one dram spicenarde drams .ii. nastick drammes three bole armen drams viii geue two drames to y t patieÌ„t or any that feare the plage in the water of Skabeas
but a Gouerment of helth Not withstandinge at thy request I wyll showe vnto the a proportion of the boones no lesse trewe than newe which is the very timber or postes whervpon oure frayle fleshe is buyldyd beginninge in our mothers wombes and endinge in earth the mother of all thinges And as the noble Prince Auicen affirmith y e nomber of al y â— bones be CC.xliiii beside Sisamina Os Laude ¶ Iohn THou haste spoken of the opening of vaines and medicins conuenient to clense the bloude with the figure of boones but thou hast not spoken of coÌ„uenient tyme when to let bloude nor of the state or adge of theÌ„ whose vaines should be opened Therfore I wold be glad to learne not onely time of bloode lettinge but also of purging the belly vomites bathinges neâ—inges and rubbinge of the bodie c. ¶ Humfrey EVery thinge haithe his tyme conueniente must be donne with sobber discression and not with rashe ignoraÌ„cie which killethe an infinit noÌ„ber Therfore the cause muste be knowen and the time obserued as Gallen writeth in the coÌ„mentary of the Afforismes of Hippocrites many bodies be extinguished by sodeyn death in whome is extreme fulnes or aboundance For aboundance 〈◊〉 bloode or any other humer sayth Aâ—ristotle is the cause of manye sickenessis and those menne that vseth muche glottonie in winter shalbe apte to receaue manye diseases in the spring time Therfore when the body haue extreme heate fulnes of vaines flushing with sodaine redenes in the face grose and rede vryne and suche burninge heat in the nighte that lette the slepe c then it is time to euacuate the bodie with some purgation bloude letting or abstinence as the strengthe adge of the paciente will serue For many diseases he helped by discrete bloude lettinge as Pluriceâ— hoote feuers Frenyces repletion or surphytes taken w t ouermuche eatynge or drinkinge as Gallen sayth The letting of blode dryethe vppe the superfluous moister of the belly helpeth memorye purgeth the blader quieteth the braine warmeth the marie openeth the orgaÌ„s of hering helpeth disgestioÌ„ inducith slepe c. Vnto this agreeth Rasis saing it helpeth greatly against leprosies squinancis Appoplexis pestilencis c. But old men children or women with childe ought not to be lette bloode nor also those people that dwell in colde regions maye not be lette bloude because the bloode is the chiefe warmer of nature y e people that dwel in hoote regions if they be letten bloude it wyll drye there bodies for bloode is the cheife moister of nature Therfore is y e heate of somer and the coldnes of winter forbiddeÌ„ to opeÌ„ vains or let bloud exept for a stripe or sodain chaunce as Rasis sayth thâ— spring of y e yere is y e chief tyme tâ— let bloud in y e right arme or right fote in the vayne called Medianâ— Which vayne must be opened asâ— well at other times in the beginniÌ„g of sicknesses as hote feuers pleurices c. As basilica shold be opened in y e midle or towarde thende of a sicknes Purgations ought to be ministred with great discrecion and not rashely to be taken for euerye trifle as thou haste hard me speake of blood lettinge So obserue the selfe same rules in purgation as time person qualitie or quaÌ„titie For Hippocrates sayth withoute doubte it is nedefull to purge the superfluitie of y e bodie As if bloud do abouÌ„de to take thinges to purge bloud If steame be superfluous then take thinges to clense hys superfluitie If coller be to ardeÌ„t hote vse thinges to extinguishe If melaÌ„coly be to extreme then taste thinges to bringe him into a meane And not to purge one humer with the medicins of an other but to take them in dewe â—rder and aptenes For the sayde humers as Valarius cordus Mesue and Nicholas teacheth the maner of making of the moste excellent purgations with ther quaÌ„tities And as in bloode lettinge slepe muste be auoyded for viii or xii â—oures after them so when your â—urgations be taken ayre is to â—e auoyded and to be kepte close â—or ii or iii. dayes or more as the â—alice of the disease or power of he purgations be and the counâ—yll of Rasis muste be followed Whiche sayth oftentimes to take â—urgations or laxâ—tiue mediceÌ„s doth make the bodie weake and apt to the feuer ethicke and specialye in verye leane or weake persons they y t be very fat haue smal gutes and vaynes purgatioÌ„s be verye noysome vnto theÌ„ But strong bodies hauing large vesselles maye susteine purgatioÌ„s without any hurt but stroÌ„g purgations either in pilles or potioÌ„s if thei any thing do excede be very hurtful therfore y â— doces or quantities may not exceade And also they must bee made as pleasaunt as arte can dooe them onles they offende the stomake Hippocrates geueth counsaile that men should not mingle medicins with meate but to take them thre or foure houres before meate or els so long after Onles they be pilles called Antecibum whichâ— may be taken at the beginning oâ— supper or els Pilli chochi a litle before slepe two houres after supper The best tyme of purgacioÌ„s is in the spring tyme as the docters doth affirme the apt daies signes are commonly knowen in the Englishe Almanackes calculated into english As in the writinges of maister Leonarde Digges of William KeÌ„nyngham a learned student bothe in Astronomy and Phisicke with many moÌ„ good men that taketh paines to profite y e coÌ„mon welth There is another maner of purging of the body by vomet for it clenseth from y e midrife vpward if they haue large brestes and be collericke persones It is good against dropsies and leprosies better in sommer theÌ„ in winter as Hippocrates saith and holsomer one houre before supper then at any other time and not to be vsed as a custome for the custome of of vomittes hurteth greately the head and eies and make the stomacke so feble that it wil scant bere any meates or drinkes but estsones caste them vp agayne They which haue narrow throtes and brestes and loÌ„g neckes vomites be neither apt nor good for theim And Auicen sayeth that vomites ought to be twyse in the moneth for the conseruacion of health but that whiche is more doth hurte the bodye There is an other kinde of the clensing of the body by sweeting as with hoote drinkes warme clothes perfumes made of OlibaluÌ„ brimstone niter c. There is also bathes and sweetinge in hoote houses for the pockes scurffe scabbes hemerodes piles which hoote houses hathe the vertue of helping the sayd diseases But if any that be of an whole temperat complexion do sweete in drie hoote houses it doth them muche harme as hyndrynge their eie â—ightes decaying their tethe hurâ—ing memory The best bathing â—s in a great vessel or a litle close