breastes whereby manye times they kill them they haue beard on their â—hinne and some in Ethiopia haue tayles that can liue no where elâ—e Of Hares there are dyuers kindes in the hye Mountaynes there are white ones in winter they liue with snowe It is sayde that a Hare is as olde as there are pourgings or voydings in hir belly they haue both kindes and ingender one with an other and the Hare alone is meate vnto men beastes and foules and therfore he is euer in feare goeth more by nyght than by day Conyes are of another kinde the Males haue great desire to â—ate the yong ones when they are born but the female hydeth them and they make great multiplication Many sortes of beastes there are on the earth that doe mingle one kynde with an other Among the Beastes Origes haue the haire long alwayes tending towardes the heade and of other beastes the haire teÌ„deth towards the tayle Mice are ingendred on the earth We reade that when Haniball had besieged a towne a Mouse was solde for two hundreth crownes the seller dyed for famine and the buyer did escape the hunger The olde Mice are nourished of the yong ones by great clemency In Affrica there is neyther Déere wylde Boares Goates nor Beares In other places neyther Wolues nor Foâ—es In some places there are no Hares in other places no Conyes And in other places there is great diuersitie of beastes that are not in other places The Scorpions or Serpentes do sooner hurte strangers than the Countrey inhabitantes The ninth booke treateth of water beastes and of fishes IN the sea there are many greate beastes aswell as on earth for the moisture therof and bycause it is more larger and bygger Also there is manye monsters diuersitie in many fishes for they couple in many kindes and there is the similitude of all kinde of beastes on the earth and rather more Whales are the moste greatest and grossest beastes in the Sea there are of two hundreth yeards long In many places ther are rib bones of Whales of twentye yeardes Alexander the great was afrayed to méete them least his Nauy shoulde haue perished In the Sea there are Eeles thrée hundreth foote long In the night there commeth many fishes out of the Sea that will eate the corne in the fieldes and after returne againe There is in the Sea Meermaydes that haue bene sene and some that haue the shape of men and their voyce like vnto mens voice hauing the body of mans shape and the lower parts scaled like fishes with a tayle And there are Woulfes Horsses Asses Hogges and other sea beastes as on the earth If the fishes asspire and respire as other beastes there are dyuers opinions Plinie doth beleue that the most part sléepeth and respireth except those that haue no liuer and in stede of bloud haue humor The Dolphin is the most swiftest fish in the Sea and most hardest to be taken euery one foloweth his like they haue yong in ten monthes in SoÌ„mer and nourishe them as doe the Whales the olde ones carry the yong ones and there is alwayes a greate Dolphin that followeth the little one they haue the tongue moâ—ing lyke a Hog Aboue the nature of other fishes they loue yong children and the sounde of Instruments they liue thrée hundreth yeares and they haue their greatnesse at ten yeares they reioyce when one calleth them Symon they loue humaine voyce Manye examples are both séene and reade of little children that they haue caryed by Sea on their backes brought backe againe without doing them any harme Shell fishes are so great in some places that with their shels they couer their houses The beastes of the Sea haue dyuers clothings some are couered with leather and with haire as y e Sea calfe some onely with leather as the Dolphins others with great thicke and harde shelles others softer shelles as Oysters Cockles and Musâ—les that haue no heades others with sharpe prickles as the Ecchinus called the sea Porcupen others with scales as Carpes and many other fishe others with rough skinnes with the whiche they shaue fine wood and Iuory some with soft skins and others that haue none The Sea calfe whiche is clothed with skinne and haire they ioyne Male and Female together as dogges and they neuer haue but two at a burthen they nourishe their yong ones with theyr pappes or tettes and are deliuered on the land and within twelue dayes after they bring them to the Sea The Sea calfe is more grieued and more constrayned to sléepe than any other beast and therefore their skinne putte on a mannes heade doth prouoke him to sléepe Greate is the diuersitie of beastes in some there is neyther bone nor thorne and of many kindes there is no Male. Among the fishes the Females are greater than the Males there are some that haue their scales tending towards their heades cleane contrary to y e nature of others Some there are that go alwayes to sléepe vpon the dry lande The Whale maketh hir yong ones aliue without Egges Eeles lyue commonlye eight yeare they will lyue sixe dayes without water specially wheÌ„ the wind is at west and lesse with other windes In Winter they couet depe and cleare waters and swimme in the bottom they féede in the night they of all other fishes flote not aboue water when that they are deade In the Laake of Verone they are taken by thousandes Some kinde of fishes rendreth their yong ones aliue others that flye by the Sea as y e Sea swallow Some make egges and couer or sitte on them as doe the foules in the ayre so doth the Sea kite a foule called Lucerna of the propertie of his name séeketh the maine Seas whose tongue shineth or glistereth as may well be séene in a faire and calme night The Dragon of the Sea as sone as she is taken brought to land shée maketh incontinently an entery or hole in the sande that shée might be lost Some fishes haue no bloude and haue their heades in their bellyes betwene their féete and wyth their féete they caste meate into their mouthes The Sea Locusts hide them selues for the space of fiue monethes and swimme in the spring tyme they battayle betwene them selues wyth their hornes If they be put aliue into hote water for to séeth they wyll be tender The sea Creuices liue in Rockes and stony places and there are very great ones In Sommer and in the Spring they fatten in the ful Mone and they augment and diminish with the Moone they are of a long lyfe and they haue al eyght féete The Females haue the first fote folded or double and the Males single and they créepe as much backward as forward Cockles haue two litle hornes wherewith they féele y e way for they haue no eyes The fishes ioyne Male Female ioyning their bellyes then the female runneth or swimmeth away touching wyth hir mussell the belly of the Male and
doth neuer begin to hourd vp but in the full Moone The nature of the windes are dyuers according to the diuersitie of Countreyes and they procéede of the earth and of the vapors of the same which causeth somtimes in many places earthquakes The thunders and lightninges doe neuer fall in the winter for the coldnesse of the aire doth kepe them in and choakes them therefore they fall in the Sommer and many times thei marre the wine without touching the vessell There was a womaÌ„ at Rome whose child was slaine within hir wom be by thunder lightning and the womaÌ„ had no hurt at all Thrée things there are that neuer feele any harme by thunders lightnings the Lawrel trée on the earth the Eagle in the Sky and the Seacalfe in the sea for they neuer fall vpon their skinnes therefore best assured are they that are so clad Naturally there are signes and tokens in the earth the sea the aire and therefore it hath rayned somtimes bloude stones woll yea great stones acumulated in the aire by the coldnesse therof The Raynebowe is not séene in a close rainy day but y e sunne beames entring into the concauites of y e earth do reflere the Sunne and make varietie of colours by the mixture of the cloudes in the ayre and is séene moste coÌ„monly in y e SoÌ„met Also there are neuer lightly sene aboue two Rainbowes The earth is y e mother of al liuing creatures In the ayre is séene many tymes darkenesse and clowdes the hayles are deryued of the waâ—ers but the earth is lowely seruing to all crâ—atures shée bringeth forth corne wine fruites all kind of things pertaining to man She bringeth forth yron lead golde siluer precious stones herbes seruing vnto mans helth yea if y t a sâ—rpeÌ„t chaunce to byte any person the earth will not receyue that serpent when it is dead The earth is compassed rounde about with waters the which is moâ—e knowen by experience than by arguments some part thereof is not inhabited towardes the North bycause of the great colde An other part is not inhabited bycause of the extreme heate towards y e south The middle of the earth is the Centry to the whiche most wayghtiest thinges doe take holde In some places there is no shadow of y e sunne specially in Alexandria y e great where as there is a depe well without shadowe Anaxemenes Milesius was the first fouÌ„der of Dials There are many signes of mouings mutation of tymes without great appearance as in the sea when that without winde the waues do ryse and rage And in the skye when y t there is a long strype or line and when that the well waters are troubled Two mountaynes haue bene séene naturally hyt and touch one another as if they had foughten y e waters meting together to striue and maruellously to encrease beastes to dye In Asia twelue cities were subuerted by y e earthquakes without perceyuing thereof at Rome Neare vnto Rome there are two hundreth acers of grouÌ„d the which doth shake when there are horses running thereon In the Ile of Paphos there is a place where there did neuer fall rayne And in the same Ile Nea in the City of Troados the sacrifices do neuer putrifle nor rot Nere Nere to Harpasa a town in Asia there is a great Mountaine y t one may shake with their finger but if you put your whole strength to it it remayâ—eth vnmoueable There are two mouÌ„taines neare to the floud of Nyle the nature of them are dyuers for the one reâ—ayneth yron the other casteth it off in such sorte that if any of their shooes be clouted with nayles that goe vpon the sayd hil they can neyther go nor stand but are cast off and on the other hyll their shooes will sticke fast In the City of Charagena there is a certaine grouÌ„d that healeth all kinde of sores and diseases the Sea doth pourge in the full Moone the fluctuations of the seas commeth by the Sunne and Moone the which causeth it In the hys Sea there neuer falleth snow the sea is most hottest in winter and saltest in Sommer Of fresh waters there are diuers sorts In Dodone is the fountaine called Iupiters spring whiche doth kindle firebrandes it diminisheth at Noone and encreaseth at midnight and then afterwards decreaseth fayleth at myd day There are many hote waters bycause of the smoke closenesse of the hylles from whence these hote waters spring There are springs that â—il make black shéepe become white and other waters that maketh white shepe become black by continuance of drinking and others that the ewes that drinke in them their milke will become blacke At Lincestis there is a fountayne of water that will make them that drinke therof dronken Also in Paphlagonia and in the fielde Calenus in the Ile of Andro there is a Fountaine or spring that rendreth wine euery yeare in the Nonas of Ianuary In a field called Carrimensis in Spaine there is a Ryuer that wil make the fishes that are therein to séeme of the colour of golde and if they are put into any other water they will séeme as other fishes Among the maruelles of fire the Mountayne called Ethna in Sicilia burneth continually the flames whereof are sene aboue the hill toppe An other hill that is called Chimera burneth in like maner the fire of which hill is soâ—er quenched with earth or with hay than with water In the thirde fourth fifth and sixth bokes Plinie describeth the earth the waters and the Ilands and deuideth the world into Asia Affrica Europa Asia conteineth the halfe of the world in the whiche is Armenia Capadocia Albania Suauâ—a whereas there is no mettall but golde Scithies where as is the sweete Sea and there are trées that bring forth silke ready to spinne India where there are people very ryche they labour with Elephantes and goe to warre with them Their king hath ordinarily sixe hundreth thousand foote men thirtie thousande horsemen and nine thousande Camels to his gages and to his dayly cost and when they be so old y t they can scarce sée nor can liue no longer they cast them selues into a great fire Beyonde the Indias is the Ile called Taprobane where as is the gréene Sea and there is planted precious stones with metals of golde and siluer The men of that Countrey are more greater thaÌ„ others they sell their marchandise by making of signes the Moone neuer shineth with them aboue sixe houres they haue small edifices or buildinges and theyr vitayles neuer waxeth deare for their God they haue Hercules They doe electe and choose an olde man to their king which hath no children and if he chaunce to haue any whylest he is king they do kill them to that ende that the kingdome be not inherited by their elected king they do coÌ„stitute xxx gouernours without whose assente none can be condempnâ—d to death If their king doth missedoe
the Males â—ate the Females Egges for if all the Egges should profite the Seas Ryuers and Pondes would be filled with fishe there woulde be such an innumerable multitude The Sea Mouse maketh hâ—r Egges on the land and couereth them with earth thirtie dayes after doth vncouer them bringeth hir yong ones into the Sea Some fishe liue thre score yeare as by the experience of marks put on them Some fishes there are that liue on the lande when that in Sommer the Ryuers and Pondes are dryed vp and some wil go féede in the corne on the lande tarying for the water and such is the nature of some to liue on the earth with wormes There are certain fishes with sharpe pryckles on their backes that will cut the line of fishers Nettes Other fishes that are called Sea starres doe burne other fishes by their great heate In the Sea there is warre among the fishes as among the foule in the ayre for one féedeth not with another The tenth boke treateth of the Foules of the ayre IN Affrica Ethiopia there are birds that are called Stiuthiocameli as hie as a man on horse backe which doe not forsake the earth but runne faster than horses The Phenix liueth in Arabia I saye not that he is alone but neuer man sawe him eate he lyueth six hundreth yeres and in his age maketh a Nest of the braunches of spice trées wherein he dyeth and of his bones coÌ„meth a worme the which afterwarde naturally becommeth a Phenix He is as great as an Eagle the feathers aboute his necke are of the colour of golde the tayle yellow the surplus like to Azure Eagles there are of sixe kindes some liue with their pray on the earth other in the water that fishe with one foote they haue the knoweledge to take Whelkes other shelled fish vp into the ayre and then let them fall to breake their shelles for to haue the fishe they cause their yong ones to looke vp into the Sunne beames and caste those out of the neast that wyll not beholde the Sunne as bastards they die in their age bicause that their vpper bill doth grow so long that they can not eate they fight against Déere and against the Dragons in flying they cast dust that they take vp on the lande in the eyes of Crowes other beastes for to blind them The Cuckoe resembleth to the colour of the woode Doue thei are killed of others of their kinde they chaunge their voyce and come in the spring tyme and doe alwayes bring vppe their yong ones in other birdes nestes specially in the nestes of stock Doues she neuer lightly maketh aboue one egge very seldom two bicause she knoweth y t she is hated of all other birdes They thinke them selues very fayre and disprayse others and there is no fleshe swéeter than theirs The Kyte is alwayes a reuenging foule it séemeth by the remouing of their tayle that they that haue learned to guide or gouerne the ships by the Helme haue learned by hir Crowes wil breake or crack nuts with often letting them fall in flying The Rauens ingender by the mouth as some suppose as doe Doues it is an euill tokeÌ„ or signe when that they cry as though they were choaked The night Owles doe defend them selues from other foules with their bill and clawes bycause they are hated they flye in the night in winter they sléepe two monthes and they haue nine maner of voyces Among the flying beastes some haue fingers and nayles other flatte and brode féete as Geese Duckes Swannes and others liuing for the most parte in the waters The proude Pecocke spreadeth abrode his feathers specially against y e sunne to make theÌ„ shine then putteth them downe together his tayle shedeth as the leaues on trées and commeth againe with the spring when he hath no tayle he doth hyde him selfe as ashamed at thrée yeares his tayle beginneth to colour lyueth xxv yeres his féete are fowle his voice fearefull The Cocke knoâ—eth the starres and when the day dawneth he ryseth and goeth to rest when the Sunne is sette by his crowing he giueth warning of the houres in the night and waketh those that goe to their labour he is king of beastes that are in the house of his bignesse and fighteth with his spurres if he haue the maysterie he will sing or crowe if he be vanquyshed he hydeth him selfe he is stoute in his going and maketh the Lyon afrayed he beholdeth the Sunne more than any other birde if he be kerued or gelded he will not crow being kerâ—ed he wil soone ware fatte The Goose kepeth the Romaines Capitoll it hath bene recytâ—d of a Goose that hath followed his mayster from Svvecia to Rome there feathers are pluckt twice a yere with Goose grease is made many good oyntments Cranes they flye hye they do elect one whome they followe there are among them Sâ—rgeantes which make them kepe order in their assemblyes in the night they slepe the heade vnder their wing and one legge vnder their feathers and sustaine them selues with the other Those that are appoynted to make watche holde a stone in one of their clawes for to waken those that sléepe when he letteth the stone fall into the water The Storkes goe their wayes in the Sommer and none knoweth whither nor from whence they come aswell as Cranes the one commeth in in Sommer and the other in winter they assemble for to take their flight but no man euer sawe their congregations for that is done in the night without noyse They assemble in Asia at a certaine day and he that is last come is killed and torne in pieces and then thei take their flight y e Swannes eate Serpents and therefore there is as great payne to kill them as to kill a man the yong ones do nourishe the old The Quailes come by night and in daunger of mariners when they aproch the lande because of their great multitude In tyme of rayne or of a great wind they neuer passe the seas in winter they caste their feathers so doth the Turtle Swalowes liue with fleshe they are so swift and turne so sodainly that no other foules can get them for to féede on and they wil feede in flying Swallowes tary but halfe a yeare some chaunge their voyces and their feathers mount euery yere The Iay loueth to steale Golde and Siluer In some places there are no Partriges In Rhodes there are no Eagles At Rome in the house of Hercuâ—es there entreth neyther Doggâ— nor flyes And so it is that in manye places there is great diuersiâ—e of birdes A long the Sea coastes in some place there are birdes that liue with fishe and euery one of them makeâ—h seuen Nestes and in euery nest yong ones but their nestes are so hard that they can scarce be broken and there is no way into the nestes but one little hole for the Dame to come in and out and their nestes are
they do punishe him or depose him from the crowne This Nation taketh great delyte in the chase of Tigres and Elephants and doth abounde in corne and fruites they do delight to fishe for shell fishes which are there very great in so much that one may hyde themselues in their shâ—lles Alexandria the greate was fouÌ„ded by the great king Alexander and neare vnto that is the red Sea by the repercussion of the Sunne that doth so colour it or else for that y e mood and the grauell is such or for that it is the nature of the water Also Siria and Arabia whose people are tanned heary al saue the heade and they are apparelled with the skinnes of fish There is also Mesopotanie Babilon Assiria Arabia the floud of Tyger hath his originall in a fountaine of Armenia In the Ile of Sagaros there can no dogge liue for as sone as he entereth into the Ile he turneth rounde tyll he fall downe deade The Sabiens are ryâ—h with the fertillitie of their Forrests with mettals hony and waxe The Candeans liue with Serpentes and in the Ile of Gagaudes was first fouÌ„d Popengaies Idumea Iuda Ierusalem Galile Siâ—ie Palestin whiche was the first founder of letters and at the first in stede of letters vsed certaine figures of beasts Also there is a Nation called Hessenians lyuing without wyues and without licherie When they are dead they are caste into the Sea they liue without money and grow of the deade Of the Ethiopians there are dyuers formes and kindes of men Some there are towardes the East that haue neyther nose nor nostrels but the face all full Others that haue no vpper lippe they are without tongues and they speake by signes they haue but a little hole to take their breath at by y t which they drinke with an otâ—n strawâ— There aâ—e some called Syrbote that are eyght foote highe they liue with the chase of Elephantes In a parte of Affricke be people called Ptoemphane for their king they haue a Dog at whose fansie they are gouerned to whome they doe proâ—osticate their doings and their coÌ„duct in waâ—xe Towards the west there is a people called Arimaspi that hath but one eye in their foreheade they are in the desert and wilde Countrey The people called Agriphagi liue with the flesh of Panthers and Lyons and the people called Anthropomphagi which we call Canibals liue with humaine fleshe The Cinamolgi their heades are almoste lyke to the heades of Dogges Affrica aunciently called Libia doeth containe the Moores and the pillers of Hercules among the floudes there is Onylus that doth ingender Cocodrils There are goodlye Forrestes with vnknowen trées some of the which trées beare small threades of the whiche is made clothing of cotton Cyrenes and Syrtes make their houses of salt stones cut out of the mountaines there is the mountaine of Giry the which doth ingender and bring forth many precious stones In Libie which is at the ende of the Ethiopes there are people differing from the common order of others they haue among them no names and they cursse the Sunne for his great heate by the which they are al black sauing their téeth and a litle the palme of their handes and thei neuer dreame The others called Troglodites haue Caues and holes in the grounde haue no other houses Others called Gramantes they make no mariages but all women are coÌ„mon Gamphasantes they go all naked Blemmyis a people so called they haue no heades but haue their mouth and their eyes in their breastes And others there are y t go more by trayning of their haÌ„ds thaÌ„ with their fete There are gathered y e spices ther is nothing that they are afrayd of but of greate Dogges that wil barke at them byte them Africke begynneth beyonde the Realme of Spayne and Grenado is deuided in y e sea of Europa as betwene Douer and Calis there beginneth the kingdoms of Feoz â–ª of Tunis of Barbaria of Carthage and of others of the Ethiopians Europia beginneth from the sea Meditarene so called bycause it is a floude in the midst of the world Upon this sea that deuideth Asia and Europia the king Xerses caused to be made a bridge of shippes such a number he had for the warre Europa conteyneth Rome the auncient Citie the plentiful Italy Venice discended of the Troyans Grece Thessalia Acaâ—a Macedonia Thessalie where as is a floud called Peneus nauigable in the middest for into the sayde floude entreth the Ryuer of Orcon but his water swimmeth aboue the other without mingling together as doth Oyle Italy hath the noble Ryuer of Poste bearing vaynes of golde In the Iles of Pont there are people that liue with the egges of wilde foule others that haue â—ete like horses whose â—ares are so greate and so long that therewith they couer their whole bodyes Europe doth containe Germanie whiche is the hye and base Almaine Burgony Sauoy Brittaine Gaule that is deuided into thrée partes From the Ryuer Lescault to the Ryuer of Sayne is called Gaule the fayre from Sayne to Gyrrond is Gaule the auncient and contayneth Lionois and from Girronde to the hilles of Pirennes that deuideth Spaine and Fraunce is Aquittaine Spaine also is of Europia where as is Cathâ—lognia AraragoÌ„ Castilian Portingall Syuell Andelosia Leon Galicia and the kingdom of Granado euen to the Sea The seuenth booke treateth of man THe world hath brought forth many things of y e which man is almoste the least He hath clothed the beastes birdes fishes and trées with skinnes feathers scales barke and otherwise But man commeth forth all naked ready to wéepe and lightly before fortye dayes he doth not laugh he y t ought to raigne ouer the beastes on the earth is at the beginning weaker than any he knoweth nothing without he be taught neyther to speake nor to goe and naturally doth nothing but weepe Naturally the beastes seeke their lyuing flye from their enimy swimme with many other things giuen them of nature The Lyons do not warre betwene theÌ„ selues the Serpentes doe not byte one an other but men study howe to destroye one another by warres and dessâ—tions Men neuer lightlye in all poyntes resemble one like an other in their faces the which commeth by the diuersitie of the cogitations of their parents the which maketh their symilitudes so farre vnlike and therefore the brute beastes that haue no suche varieties in their thoughts engâ—der none but their like Men there are called Arimaspi that haue but one eye in their forehead whiche incessantlye warre against the Griffons about mettals and they finde in the ground golde and other mettals Those that are towarde the ende of the west drinke in deade mens 〈◊〉 In Albania some haue their eyes yellow y ◠〈◊〉 to them in their youth and they see better by night than by day In Affrica in some places there are a gret multitude of serpeÌ„ts whose properties they vse for the tryall of their wyues chiefly
after this sort If the husbands will haue probation of the honestie of their wâ—ues they wil present their children before the Serpentes which will flye awaye if that the children be legitimate but if that the Serpentes remaine and feare not then are they bastardes When they are bitten with serpents they put their spittle vpon the place for to heâ—le it specially their fasting spittle for the Serpente feareth mannes spittle as hote water In India there are hye mâ—n and also maruellous hie beastes as for a witnesse there are dogges as great as Asses trees as hye as an archer can scarce shote to the toppe and vnder the shadow of one figtrée may a hundreth horses stande bycause of the fertilitye of the lande the temperance of the ayre and the aboundaunce of waters there are men fyue cubites in hight the which neuer vse to spit nor are troubled with the paine of heade eyes or téeth and are seldome sicke Others there are in the Mountaines with heades like dogs In a parte of India the women neuer beare children but once whose children waxe straight waye olde And others called Sciopedae that haue their feete so brode that when they are layde they couer them therewith from the heate of the Sunne and they be very swift in running Some towarde the East haue no heades but haue eyes in their shoulders and others called Epithamai Pigmei that are of one yarde hye In the farther part of India towards the East neare to the Ryuer of Gangis there is a people clad with leaues that liue by smelling they neuer eate nor drinke in their iourneys they beare floures and rootes to smell at and they are easely killed by filthy smelles and sauours There are little men called Pigmei among whiche the highest passe not the hight of two cubites hauing a wholsome ayre and pleasant countrey where they dwel the which men are molested with Cranes as writeth Homer therfore it is no maruell thoughe often tymes they are caryed away with those Cranes In the spring time the Pigmei assemble together mouÌ„ted vpon shéepe and Goates armed with darts and arrowes for to discend downe to the sea and for the space of thrée monthes consume and breake the Cranes Egges and kill the yong ones otherwise they woulde so multiplie that those little men should neuer rest in quiet Some there are in the valleys called Pandore that liue two hundreth yeares in their youth hauing whyte haire in age their haires become blacke There is a people that lyueth but fortie yeares whose wyues doe bring forth children at the age of seauen yeares There are people that haue long hairy tayles growing These things and others hath nature made monstruous for our examples Among the women there are dyuers childings some haue had six children some eyght and some nine and sometime children of dyuers kindes which are called Hermaphrodites whiche are both man and woman There hath bene that haue had in their lyfe tyme thirtie Children and among the maruelles of the worlde a childe being newe borne did enter againe into his mothers wombe in the Citie of Saguntra And it is no fable nor tale to haue sene women and maydes transformed into men The females are soner engendred than the Male and become sonest olde the Females do moue in their mothers wombe most on the left side and the Males on the righte side And Plinie reciteth to haue sene a mayde on the night of hir mariage to be naturally traÌ„sformed into a man and incontinent hir beard to grewe she to be maried againe to a woman If that a woman bring forth two children at one burthen lightly there is shorte lyfe eyther to the mother or to one of hir children and if they be both Males or Females then are they lyghtly of a shorte life Among the women there is no certaine time prefixed of their trauailings with childe for some be delyuered in seuen monthes some in eight and most commonly in nine monthes Also sometime at ten and. xi monthes Before the seuenth monthe the childe hath no lyfe the tenth day after she hath conceyued Payne in the heade a shadow or mist before the eyes no taste nor relisse in meates and a â—ndigesting stomacke are signes of conceptioÌ„ That womaÌ„ that bringeth forth a male child hath better colour and easyer deliuerance Miserable is y e condition of man For the Princes by this meanes haue their originall and are subiect to fortune and hath nature as others We reade of a Romaine Prince that dyed in the morning in pulling on his hose an other dyed with the stinging or byting of a Grape an other was chooked with a haire in eating of Milke Scipio Affricanus was the first called Cesar for that Caesus fuit matris Vterus hys mothers wombe was opened for him to passe out Of those that are crypple lame and counterfeite of nature commeth whole lymmed perfect children in their members and sometymes of perfect and well proporcioned people commeth lame and vnperfect children A woman doth not beare children after fiftye yeares and there are many that ceasse at fortye As touching men we reade truely of a Prince which at the age of foure score and sixe yeres begat a childe When Cato was borne his father was foure score yeares olde Unto children their téeth come coÌ„monly at seneÌ„ monethes the seuenth yeare they renue for then their téeth fall and there commeth to them others and some are borne with téeth And if that a dead body be burned the téeth wil neuer burne but remayne whole Unto some their téeth fayle them at middle age coÌ„monlye a man hath thirty two teeth and he that hath more is estéemed to be the longer lyuer Zoroastes did laugh that day he was borne yea that with the very force of laughing he did reiecte the hande that was vpon his heade for the placing and fashioning of his heade setling of his braines A man is as long from the foote to the heade as the extending or spreading abroade of hys armes counting froÌ„ the great fingers Men doe way more than women the dead bodies way more than the liuing and those that are a sléepe way more than they that are awake Some lyue without marow in their bones therfore they neuer thirst for this cause women drinke lesse than men and such do neuer sweat It is recited of Crassus the Senatour y t he did neuer laugh Socrates the great clarke was neuer séene mery nor ioyful nor angry at one time more than at an other and therefore mennes complexions are dyuers In Rome hath bene sene a Princesse called Antonia Drusi neuer to spitte Pomponius neuer to belk The streÌ„gth of menne hath bene great and more in one than another It is readde of one that with one hande did holde a Chariot that thrée horses coulde not make to go forward nor remoue Hercules did cary his great Mule on hys backe Fusius Saluius did beare two huÌ„dreth on his
their yong ones as sone as the femall findeth them lost she smelleth their way and ruÌ„neth after them when shée is spyed of those that haue hir yong ones they lette one of them fall the which she taketh vp and caryeth it to hir repayre in the meane tyme they escape with the rest and bring them to their shippes Camels they are dryuen to pasture toward the East as we doe shéepe Wilde Dogs haue handes féete almost lyke men In the north parte there are maruellous swift beastes which haue the vpper lippe so long that when they will feede they go backward The Woulfe before he be séene will easely draw froÌ„ a man his breath they couple not with the females but. xij dayes in the yeare There are wilde wolues which in eating of their pray if they turne once about forget their pray and goe againe to séeke another Among the Serpents the Bassalicke doth infecte and kill people with his looke There are innumerable kindes of others whereof some haue double heades at both endes for to cast venime For the byting of an Aspis there is no remedy but to cutte that that he hath touched The Cocodrils are ingendred in Nylle a Ryuer of Egipt which haue foure féete the skinne very harde and they haue no mouing but the vpper lippe and they make as many egges as Géese and they haue sharpe clawes for their defence in the day they remaine on the earth and the night in the waters wheÌ„ they open their throte in sléeping there are little birdes called Trochilos that will picke clense their teeth in the which thei take great delight The Stork doth shew the maner how to take glisters for by hir nature shée filleth hir necke with water and behind with hir becke maketh infusion into hir belly for to clense hir And manye other beastes naturallye knowe the hearbes that for them are most proper The Swallow knoweth howe to finde an hearbe called Chelidonia which serueth for hir yoÌ„g ones when their eyes are endomaged Of little beastes we finde Cities destroyed and people driuen away In Spaine with Conies In Thessaly w t Moles In Fraunce with Frogs In Affricke with Locustes In the Ile of Ciclados with Rattes In Italy with Ser pents In Ethiopia with Scorpions Hyaena is sayd to be a beast of doubte nature Male and Female they will hearken at the Cottes of the sheepeheards and learne the proper name that a man is called by and calling him when the man is come forth they will strayght way kill him and they will call dogs They are founde in Affrica which is the cause of so many wylde Asses that they ingender the Males do correcte the yong ones by byting they wyll â—utte the trées along the Ryuers as wyth a knife they haue tayles like to fishes Déere that are oppressed with Dogges if they can finde no water for their refuge then they retyre to man the females beare eight wéekes and often tymes two and for to bring them forth they séeke secrece places not nere the hye wayes accustomed by men The Hinde teacheth hir yong ones to runne to feare and to leape the Males that haue left y e Females haue their mussell blacke when they knowe them selues heauye they séeke secret places they will stande still to heare the cry of the Dogs they runne with the winde to take away the smel of y e trase they reioyce to heare whistling and to heare a noyse of singing Moreouer the Harte is simple and all things are to him maruellous if that he see a man with a bowe or a crosseâ—owe he looketh more on them than on the man the Males haue hornes and in the spring time they cast their hornes that day that they léese theyr hornes they hyde them selues as all astonyed and sorowfull as they that haue lost their armours It is sayde that the right horne can not be found for that they hyde them in the ground At the burning of the hornes the serpents flye away their hornes growe till they be thrée score yeares olde and the sayde tyme passed there commeth vp others like and then they neuer fal after that there is no knoweledge of their age but their age is knowen by their téeth they being without hornes féede in the night and when their hornes beginne to come they wyll but te and runne against the trées they liue a hundreth yeares they neuer haue the Feuer or Ague and therfore some dames alwayes delight to break their fast with Uenson by y e v hich meanes they haue lyued a huÌ„dreth yeres without hauing the Ague Camelion lyueth not but by the ayre and chaungeth his colour according to the thing he toucheth sauing whyte and redde they ingeÌ„der in Affrica and in India The Beares doe ioyne with the Females in the beginning of Winter not as other foure footed beastes doe for the Male the Female lye downe embracing and after that they doe retyre in sundry caues and the Female doth bring forth hir yong ones within thirtie dayes and moste commonlye bringeth fiue which haue the skinne white deformed without haire and eyes and there appeareth but their clawes in licking of them they are figured There is nothing so little séene of man as to sée the Beare bring forth hir yong shée hydeth hir foure monthes and the Male fortie dayes they couch or lye vpon soft leaues and the firste fouretene dayes they sléepe so soundlye that you shall scarce waken them with strokes then they fatten much and their fatte or grease is coÌ„uenable to many medicines also to kepe haire from sheading They being wakened for the most part stand vp liue with the licking of their fore feete they warme their yong agaynste their breasts they haue little bloude about the heart and lesse in the bodye they haue little eyes and as feble or weake heades as the Lyon hath stroÌ„g therfore they defend their heades with their fore féete when they fall and leape from the Rocks or when they are bayted with dogges The Dogs among all other beastes that vnto vs are common are most faythfull We haue true histories of men that haue bene defended from théeues by their Dogges others haue fought to reuenge their maysters death and constrayned the murtherer to coÌ„fesse the déede Two hundreth Dogs did rescue by force the king Garamantus being taken by the handes of his enimies Many people haue assembled dogges together for the warre We reade of Dogges that haue caste them selues into the fire when in times past their Maisters body haue bene burned We reade also of a Dog of Nicomedes the king of Bythinia to haue almost torne the Queene in pieces for that she played familiarly with the king the Dog thinking it had bene for harme A Senatour of Rome was defended by his Dogge on a night retourning to hys house from the handes of those that would haue put him to death At Rome a prisoners Dogge woulde neuer departe from the Prison
of thornes that are ranged one against another with earth and feathers and they are seldome sene There are Swallowes of dyuers kindes there are some called Marlions that make their neastes sixe foote in the grounde Birdes haue maruellous great industrie knoweledge in making their Neastes with feathers earth and chaffe haire wool mosse and suche like Also they carry water to temper it and to fortifie it by the which meanes their yong ones are sure and safe againste the rayne the dames do clense and make cleane the nestes from ordure when their little ones are yong and when they become great they force them to come forth of their nestes for to be cleane And in India some foules séeke Hares skinnes to make their nestes The Partridge so maketh hir nest that the wilde beastes can not finde them and where she layeth hir Egges shée hatcheth not hir yong fearing that hir oft frequentation should be knowen The Female for the intemperancie of luste of the Male seketh to deceyue him bycause if she be vpon the nest he will breake hir Egges The Males do fight for the Females At the cry or singing of the Female the Male runneth so blinded that he will somtimes strike against the foulers heade he is so much subâ—ect to imbitilitie more than any other birde The Female when she heareth any approch hir yong ones she faineth to haue hir winges broken that shée can not flye and cryeth that she maye be hearde for to retyre the people and Dogs to the ende they finde not their nestes and shée flyeth a farre of from hir little ones and they liue by common estimation till sixtene yeares The Doues are chaste and leaue not their dwelling or remayning place if that they are not without makes they doe suspect adulterie by this meanes they quarrell with their throte and sight with their bill then they flatter with their fete The male is as careful toward the yong ones as the female at the first they bring their yong of the salte of the earth for to temper their â—ppetite and they conceyue by the bil The Pigeons and Turtles drinke as do horses without often pulling their bil out of the water when they drinke they liue aboute eight yeares but the wilde Doues liue thirtie yeares The Sparrowe liueth not aboue a yeare and the female liueth somwhat more bicause of the frequeÌ„tation y t theâ— haue together Birdes flye in dyuers kinds some goe some leape some runne and some caste there féete forwarde before they flye as Cranes and Storkes and there are none but Drakes that flye bolt vpwarde at the first leape others aduance them before they flye Some haue no féete and haue no rest but in their nest Hennes haue vnderstanding when they haue layd an â—gge they cackle and make a noyse The Cardnelis doth those things that shée â—s commaunded The Popingay can speake humaine speach they come froÌ„ the Indias they haue their heade as harde as their bill they liue most commonly with Acornes and they speake best y t haue fiue clawes on their feete thei are taught secretly where as there is no other noyses but the teachers Crowes haue bene séene speake and call noble men by their names specially â—e at Rome which by that meanes was solemnely buried It is easier to â—ame a Lyon an Eliphant or any other great beast or foule than to tame a Mouse or a swallow Strabo was the first that did cage birdes which before had liberty in the Sky he taught the way to fatteÌ„ Capoâ—s with meale and milke Among the birdes many haue foure féete and some lay many egges some foure and some two They ioyne together in two maners the Cranes with their height And Hennes and other Females the Cockes tread them doowne Some egges and the moâ—e part are white others coloured and others redde as the Egges of Fesantes and all kinde of egges within are of two colours white and redde Egges of fishes are rounde and they haue no white the Egges of feathered soules liuing on the water are round of others long the yong ones come out of the shell at the round ende Horace sayth that the longest egges haue the best sauour and that Henne is best and most tenderest that layeth round egges Some birdes ingender at all tymes as Hennes that lay euery day an egge some two at a tyme some so many that therewith they dye In some places Doues ingender tenne times in a yeare In Egipt the Turtle twyce a yeare and other birdes but once a yeare As touching egges there is a red droppe in the middest of the yolke the whiche maketh the birdes harte and it is the first formed and of the whyte is formed the body within the egge the heade is greater than the body and liueth with the surplus of the yolke the twentye day he hath lyfe and cryeth within the Egge and then the feathers begin to come The yong one in the egge lyeth after this sort it hath the heade vnder the ryght foote and the right wing vpoÌ„ the head and they growe on their féete contrary to the nature of other beastes Ye ought not to giue a Henne aboue xxv egges to coue on and those Chickens that are hatched about the beginning of the yeare are the best For to sette Hennes to broode take egges of tenne dayes olde for they are better than older or more fresher and ye ought to put odde when the Henne hath coâ—ed foure dayes in looking on them in the Sunne ye shall knowe whether they be good or no or in putting them in warme water for the good egges will sinke to the bottome and those that are puâ—rified and naught will flotte and swimme If the egges are neuer so little craysed that are sette they wil neuer proue It is best to set Hennes to coue in the newe Moone for if they are sette in the wane of the Mooâ—e or at the ful they wil profite little WheÌ„ the weather is hote chickeÌ„s will come within one and twenty dayes and if it be cold not til fiue twenty dayes If it thunder the egges that are coued will be lost and also at the voyce of the Kyte or Puttocke The remedy against the thunder is to put a naâ—e in the Hennes nest or else of the earth of a Carte whéele It hath bene recited of a Cocke whiche atfer the Hennes death hath atchieued couing by thys meanes to ceasse from crowing The Ducke maruelleth at the first to see hir Ducklins but after most carefullys she calleth them together and lamenteth if shée sée them drowned in the water and some there are that can make Chickens come in warme water as well as if the Egge were coued The pip commeth lyghtly vnto pullaine betwene haruest the vintage for a remedy therfore it is good to let them hunger to giue them little meate or to giue them to eat Garlike and butter Doues they lay two egges and if they
is also in the Indias Apple trées which haue the leaues thrée cubites long and two brode bearing suche great fruit that foure men can scarce eate one Apple The trées name is Pala the Apples name Aripa Pepper groweth on little trées as doth Ienuper In y e Indias it is sometymes mingled with Ienuper berries of that Countrey whiche haue some strength but no suche tast it groweth almoste white but for to last it is dryed in the smoke whiche causeth it to be blacke and with the shrubbes of the same trée dryed in the Sunne is made long Pepper â–ª There are other trées whiche in the morning after the dewe rendereth a certayne kinde of hony In Arabia there are trées whiche neuer cast their leaues Others that haue their floures that beginneth in the morning at y e sunne rysing to open and at hye noone they are opened and after noone they begin to close and so remayne all night till the morning and the Paysauntes of that countrey say that the trée slepeth There is the trée of Nardus the which casteth a maruellous swéete smell or odour And in Arabia of trées growe Frankencense and Myrre Frankencense groweth in a Forrest of Arabia in a fruitfull grounde full of Fountaynes pertayning to diuers persons It is a hanging matter amoÌ„g them to steale any thing The men doe purifie them selues and abstaine from womeÌ„ for a certaine space to take or gather the Frankencense otherwyse they can not profite On this side the sea it is mingled with a kinde of Rosen whiche is like but the difference is knowen by the colour by the breaking and by the fire for Frankencense will soner burne and is soner broken with your teeth Also there is in those woods of Arabia trées bearing Myrre and the Masticke The Sabians burne no other wood wherefore they are weary of their smell In the Sea of Arabia groweth the Margets and other precious stones Cynamon is the barke of a little trée which groweth in great quantitie in base Ethiopia in ful places among the bushes the best is that of the highest braunches the worst is that that is nearest to the roote When there is any deawe in the Sommer it is gathered by great defficultie The trée hath no smell when it is gréene it is gathered from the Sunne rising to the Sunne setting The ships remaine sixe monthes for their fraught That that is caried into this countrey of Ethiopia to sell them is glasses vessels of Copper and Brasse wollen cloth and linne The worst barke or pelle is that that is softe and white Baulme groweth onelye in the pronince of Iuda in two Gardins of the Kings the one contayning about ten Akâ—rs the other lesse and it commeth of little trees not foure foote loÌ„g growing after the maner of a Uine â— resembleth and is neare to the taste of wine red in colour and fatte the fruit is cutte with a knife of glasse stone or bone for the braunche dyeâ—h to be cut with â—ron and it is cutte to take away the superfluities then in y t season the barke is onely cutte and then coÌ„meth out the sweate by small droppes This experience is true that if any of it be spilte vpon any apparell it wyll neuer staine There is daunger in Wormes for they will marre the trée Alexander the great in a Sommers day filled a little Uyall of one trée Ginger groweth in the earth and is rootes The. xiij booke treateth of straunge trées THe sweete oyntmentes perfumes and smellings are made of these trées Some for the pleasure of others buye them deare for they that carry them haue not the smel and pleasure but it is for y e smell of others which is great vanitie Palmes are in dyuers kinds and there are none fruitfull but towarde the East for they make wines and as in trees and leaues there are Male and Female so there is also in these The Male buddeth within the roote and the Female outward They beare euery yeare Apples and when the trée is cutte the roote casteth again The Cedar groweth in Siria of which commeth the soueraigne roote That that flourisheth beareth no fruite and that that fructifieth beareth no floure and the woode lasteth perpetually The Figge trées in Egipt are lyke to Mulbery trees the fruite commeth foure tymes a yeare against the woode and not against the braunches There are many vnknowen trées specially those that haue y e good Gum. There are made Cordes or Ropes of this trée At Rome haue bene found bookes of Philosophie in a Sepulchre betwene two stones couered with Cedar wood that had laid there fiue hundreth thirtie fiue yeares without harme for the Cedar neuer rotteth and there is no wood so good to make workes There are Cedar trées so hye that ye can not sée the toppes and so great that there was presented to Tiberius Cesar a table that was foure foote large and sixtie foote long Lotten or Celtis is a trée in Affrica the fruite of which is so swéete that it healeth al paynes in the belly and out of that fruite being brused or prest coÌ„meth wine that will not continue aboue ten dayes Pomgranets there are of diuers kinds swéete sowre and wynishe The pell of the sower ones are good and best to tanne skinnes and the floures are good for Dyars The thorn that is called Royal groweth in one day and kepeth wyne from being naught Citisus is a singuler trée the wood is good to all beastes as well shepe as others If it be sodden in water it rendreth to Nources that drinke it plenty of milke and maketh the childreÌ„ more sure more greater and maketh Hennes to lay egges Upon the floure of this trée a flye will neuer sit Many other strauÌ„ge trées there are in the Sea y t wil break like glasse and others that are as hard as stones and manye other trées that are in the Ilandes of the Sea whiche we haue not here and whiche vnto vs are also vnknowen The. xiiij boke treateth of trées and fruitfull plants IN times past men were wonte to haue many pleasant trées of the which nowe there is no mention for euery one studieth couetousnesse The Wyne groweth of wylde plants and among all other plantes it is the principallest fruite and there are manye kyndes and euery yeare it must be cut or else otherwyse it would compasse a whole Towne Wyne is the bloude of the earth it being taken within a mans bodye is hote and without it is colde it is both comfortable and profitable to a man if it be taken measurably otherwise it is very hurtfull Alexander the great did vanâ—uishe the whole worlde and yet could not so wel kepe him selfe but was ouercome with the force of wine Wines is not permitted to the wyues of Rome We reade that King Romulus did pardon and forgiue a Senatour of Rome called Ignatius Mecenius whiche had killed his wife with a Clubbe for that shée was founde drinking Wyne out of
a tunne And therfore Cato did ordaine that women and maydens shoulde be kyssed of their parents and kinssolke to the ende they shoulde knowe whether they did smel of wine or no. Marcus Varo wryteth of a Consull which neuer made banquet nor had at his Table more at one time than at another for feare of to much drinking In tymes past at Rome the pryce was set on wine to the ende that little should be dronke but since Cesar made great banquettes whiche gaue occasion to make prouision at Rome for all kinde of Wynes Wyne alone serueth to make medicines There is wyne made of Peares Apples and of other trées whiche they vse towarde the East Some make Wine of hearbes of water and hony sodden which in Wales is called Metheglyn that wyll laste fiue yeares or wyth hony and Uineger whiche is called Oximell The smal wynes ought to touch the grouÌ„d for to be the better kepte but not the good The flower of white Wyne is good and that of red is naught By dronkennesse menne reueale their secrets and make debates The. xv booke treateth of trées bearing fruite THe Oliue tree groweth not neare the Sea nor in places to hote nor to colde they must be cut lyke Uines The Oliue oyle is of a better sauour when the Oliues begin to rype but there is not so much when they beginne to be blacke but that is the tyme to take them and of their rypenesse There is more payne to make Oyle than wine The Oliue hath stone oyle and flesh the grene are bytter by drying they become lesse thoughe that the heate is cause of oyle The lyquor of the Oliue is the Oyle but is lasteth not as doth Wyne for it is best the firste yeare Some there are that tarry till the Oliues fall from trees for it hurteth the trées agayne the yeare following to be cutte broken or smitten Olyues before they are rype will be kept wyth salte after that they haue bene in hote water If the Oliue be not cleane it is washed and dryed thrée or foure dayes and seasoned wyth salte There is Oyle made of manye thinges of Nuttes of Acornes of smal graynes of swéete smelling trées of Gumme that serueth for medicines of AlmoÌ„ds Chesnuttes and dyuers other things according to the Countreyes Apples and Peares ought to be kept in a drie and cold place and for them the north winde is good and no other wyndes when the weather is faire they should be put on hay seperated one from another for to take the ayre and they ought to be gathered before the full Moone Nuttes make a sounde or 〈◊〉 in falling when they are rype and among other fruites they are parted in foure within with a little skinne betwene both They will kepe gréene being putte in eartheâ— Pottes in the earth and with them is made good Oyles Chesnuttes are a kinde of maste and it is maruayle that nature hath so closed them in shelles Mulberryes stayne a bodyes fingers and they are of thrée colours at the first they are whyte after that become redde and when they are ripe then they are blacke Cheryes wyll kepe dryed wyth the Sunne as Olyues There are many relessinges in fruites as swéete waterishe sower bytter greene salt brackish fatte and dyuers others among the which there are that haue many tastes together The Wynes are swéete and sowre pricking Mylke is swéete and fatte but there are thrée principall Elementes wythout sauour and wythout smel as water fire and the ayre The Lawrell is didicated to triumphes and Emperours beare therof on their heades principally bycause it kepeth the persones from thunder The. xvj booke treateth of wylde trées THe Acornes commeth of Oke trées of dyuers sortes for some there are better than others and in time of famine the good Acornes dried may be grinded to make breade Acornes be most swéetest when that they are newe and rosted in the imbers The Oke is beste for to builde withall eyther houses or shippes bycause it will longest laste If an Oke trée be smitten with the thunder it beareth fewe Acornes or none and is so bitter that no beaste wil eate therof but Hogges and when they are very hungry The Beache trée beareth a kinde of maste the whiche reioyceth the Hogges being fedde with them their fleshe is soone sodden and verye profitable for the stomacke Taxus is a trée lyke vnto a Pyne trée In Arcadia it is so venemous that no beast dare sleepe vnder the shadow of it nor eate thereof The Cuppes that are made of thys woodde to putte Wyne in are venemous It is sayde that the venime of this woodde ceasseth when there is nayled therein a nayle of brasse An Esshe trée the leaues thereof is mortiferous to Mares but it hurteth not the beastes that shadowe vnder it to drinke the lyquor of it is good against the byting of Serpents for neuer serpent resteth vnder the shadow therof and he that wyll compasse a Serpent about a fire with y e leaues of this trée the Serpent will rather take the fire than escape through those leaues The Tilia of some called the Teybe hath Male and Female for the Female alone beareth floures and séede The luyce of the barke leaues is swéete but no beast will eate of the fruite betwene the barke and the woodde there are many little thinne pelles or skins with the which are made Ropes The Mapple if it were so great and so high as the Cedar should be preferred bycause of his propernesse Wyth this trée is made Tables being of a blackishe colour The Boxe trée spreadeth very large and thicke and is very proper bycause of his shadow There are certaine wylde trées that neuer léese their leafe as the Cedar the Ienuper the Holly trée and others The Ienuper for his leafe hath a sharpe pricke or thorne There are certayne places in Egipt whereas some trées wyll not grow Other trees there are that leaue their leaues sooner than the reste and the difference thereof commeth for that their fruite is sooner rype than others but Almonde trées the Esshe and others haue their fruite wyth the first and caste their leaues with the laste The Mulberrye trée bringeth hir fruite late and falleth hir leaues wyth the first The trées after the maner of beastes doe conceyue in Ianuary with the winde some sooner than others and after a straight wynde beginneth the floures to appeare and nourishe the fruite Uynes in some places beareth twice a yeare The rootes are dyuers according to the dyuersitie of trées Esculus as wryteth Virgill is a trée that hath such profunditie or déepenesse in the earth as it hath aboue the ground in height The Ciper trée is slowe in growing without fruit hauing bitter leaues violent smell and naughty shadow The trées haue moystuâ— which is their bloude with the whiche they â—ut as well as beastes They haue skin flâ—she bloud sâ—newes vaines bones mary There are trées of a maruellous height and greatnesse A trée lyke to a Pine called Larix was six score foote long and so thicke that foure men coulde scant fâ—dome it In Germany they cut such great trées for to swimme on the Ryuers and such there are as will bolde thirtie men Commonly wood wil flote aboue the water but some there are so waighty that they wil sinke Diuers woods there are that wyll neuer rotte as Cedar Boxe Ienuper and others Ciper Box and Cedar of their owne nature doe neuer cracke nor crayse nor are eaten of wormes There were brought to Rome Cypers that were 400. yeares olde which séemed as if they were new Wormes hurte many woods but neuer Cipers bycause of his bitternesse neither Box bycause of his strength Alexander the great his souldiers found in an Iland of the red sea ships that had bene made two huÌ„dreth yeres before of a certaine kinde of wood not vsed on the water The Oliue trées last two yeare and Uines sixe hundreth yeares It shall suffise at this presente with the one halfe of Plinies booke the other halfe is of husbandry with the nature of Uynes that vnto vs is well knoweÌ„ by experience as wel by the diuersitie and situation of places as of the propertie of euery hearbe seruing for medicine the which I leaue out for prolixitie obscuritie of the same Also it serueth more for the science of medicines than to vs. Making vpon this an ende with prayse to God the father that hath vs in his tuicion FINIS