sharp top'd Mountain Mount Norris a Fort in Ireland erected by Charles Montjoy in memory of the most courageous John Norris Knight under whom Montjoy serv'd as a Volontier Mowbray a Sirname perhaps from the Teut. Mowe an Heap and Braede by Chaucer Brede Bread. Muckelney in Somersetshire i. e. the great Isle caus'd by the meeting together of the Rivers Ivell and Pedrid from the AS Micel great or Mickle as they say in Scotl. and elsewhere and Ea Water or Land encompassed with Water Mullins a Sirname formerly de Mullins from the Fr. Moulin a Mill. Muschamp a Sirname from the Fr. Mousche a Fly and Champ a Field or rather as the learned Th. H. tells us from the Fr. Mousse Moss q.d. Moss-Field N. NAerdem a City in Holland memorable for a great Slaughter made by the Spanish contrary to their Covenant It may be drawn from the Belg. Nae Naer near and Dem for Dam a Wear q. d. a City upon the Wears or from the same Naer near and Deme Demen a Cows Udder Naples a famous City in Campania from the Fr. Naples or the It. Napoli and all from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. the new City It began to be so called in the time of the second Punick War as Livy writeth Neal a Christen-Name a Contract of the Lat. Nigellus It is now a Sirname Neath in Glam by Anton. call'd Vrbs Nidum and the River Neath Nidus Neccar from the Teut. Necker by Flav. Vopisc in the life of Marc. Aurel. Val. Prob. called Nicer or Nicrus a famous River in Germany Saint Needes in Huntingdon i. e the Church of St. Need who died in this Town it being before called Ainesbury which might be taken perhaps from the AS Agen ones own and Bury which see in the Com. Names Neene the Name of a River according to Leland 't is corrupted from Avene and this from Avon Nelson i. e. the Son of Neal which see above or from Nell for Eleanor and Son i. e. Eleanor's Son. Nemetes an Ancient People of Germany Ortelius saith that the Sclavonians call all the Germans Nemiz that the Turks call them Nimzi the Hungar. Nemet and the Bohem Nemec and these perhaps from the Teut. Nehmen to take away to steal because this People lived by Robberies Piracies and Rapines Nese or Naese a Foreland in Kent q. d. a Nose of Land from the AS Naese Nese a Promontory or Nose Nest a Womans Christ Name frequent among the Welsh 'T is supposed to be a Contract or corrup of the Lat. and Gr. Agnes Netherland from the Belg. Netherland or the Teut. Niderlandt that is to say a Lower Land with respect to Germany Nevill a Sirname from the Fr. de Neuve ville i. e. of a new Town Newbottle in Scotland i. e. the new Building for the AS Botle signifieth a Village or House Newbury in Berkshire that is the new Town raised out of the Ruins of Spinham the old Town from whence it is that part of the New is yet call'd Spinham Derived from our word New and the AS Borg a Town or Bury or Borough Newcastle in Northumberland a Sea-Port Town Before the times of William the Conquerour it was call'd Monckchester because it appertain'd to Monks It may be derived from New and Castle It answers the Fr. Neuf Chastel and the Gr. Neocastron Newcastle under Lime in Staffordshire i. e. under the River Lime Derived as above Newenden in the County of Kent in the C. Br. Caer Andred in the AS Andred-Ceaster also Brittenden i. e. the Valley of the Britains from whence the Hundred was called Sel Brittenden for the AS Den signifieth a Valley Syl a Pillar and Britten a Briton or Britain Newmarch a Sirname formerly de New March possibly from the Fr. Neuf New and Marchè a Market Newmarket in Suffolk from our own words New and Market Newport in Hantshire from our word New and Portus a Port. Nidderdale in Yorkshire from the River Nidd and Dale which see in the Common Names Neel from the Fr. Noel and this by a great Corruption from the Lat. Natalis Nokton or Noketon in Linc. from Nook that is a Corner and the AS tun with us Town q. d. a Town in a Corner Nonesuch a Palace in Surrey q. d. none like or comparable to it Norfolk a County in England q. d. North folk i. e. Men of the North with respect unto Suffolk i. e. South folk Norham or Northam in Northumberland from North and the AS Ham an Home or Habitation in the AS 't is call'd Ubbanford either from one Vbba the Founder thereof or from the River Vbba and Ford or was so call'd quasi Ufan-Ford i. e. the upper Ford. Norman q. d. Northman i. e. a man of the North for so were the mixt Inhabitants of the Northern Countries called viz. Of Sweden Denmark and Normandy A People that continually were making Incursions upon France the Netherlands and England laying waste and spoiling many places thereof even to the Besieging of Paris subduing England Magna Graecia and Sicily Normanton Fields in Northamptonshire corruptly for Dormanton Fields from the AS Dormanceaster i. e. the old Town of Dormford Somner writes it Dorm-ceaster and derives it from the C. Br. Dor or Dwr water and withal placeth it in Huntingdonshire Norris a Sirname probably from the Fr. Nourrice a Nurse Northallerton in Yorkshire in the AS Ealfertun perhaps from Elf an Elf Fairy or Fiend because it is thought that such terrestrial Daemons haunted this place and tun a Town now call'd North-Allerton or Ealfertun from its situation to the North. Northamptonshire from Northampton the County Town thereof which is so called from its Northern situation that is with respect to Southampton and the River Anton or Avon according to Camden Northumberland in the AS Northan-Humberland i. e. a Land on the North side of the River Humber Norwich in Norf. a City and Bishop's See in the AS Norðƿyc i. e. the Northern Bay Harbour or Castle from the AS Norð North and Wyc a Port or Castle Nottingham a famous County-Town in the AS Snottengaham from the AS Snottenga Caves and Ham an House or Habitation Novantes an ancient People of Scotland formerly Inhabitants of the Country now call'd Galloway perhaps from the C. Br. Nofio to swim and Antur having attempted from Anturio to attempt O. OBotriti or Abotriti an ancient People of Germany on both Sides of the River Elbe where now are the Dukedoms of Lunenburg and Megalopolis Adr. Jun. supposeth them to be so called quasi About riiters or Abene reiters that is Evening or Night-Riders that is such as on Horseback made inroads upon the neighbouring Nations despoiling them of their Goods and laying waste their Country Ochy hole a Cavern in Som. drawn from the C. Br. Ogo a Cave or from the AS Oga terrour q. d. a place frightful to be look'd into Ockham in Surrey a Village where William de Ockham Author of the Sect of Nominalists was born
River in Cornw. perhaps from the C. Br. Llenwi to fill up Latimer a Sirname from the Fr. G. Latinier a Latiner i. e. He that can translate any Tongue into Latin for in the time of the Romans Interpreters were wont to turn every strange Tongue into Latin that Language being known to all in a manner as Menagius relateth it Launston in Cornw. a Contract of Lanstaphodon which in their Dialect signifieth as much as St. Stephen's Church Law a Scotish Sirname which among them signifieth an Hill. Lawson a Sirname q. d. Lawrenceson i. e. the Son of Lawrence Lazzi among the ancient German Saxons it signified Libertines or such as were made free said Nithard in his Hist Francorum drawn from the Teut. Freylassen or Freygelassen made free See Adhling Lea a River in Hertf. formerly Lygean i. e. Lyg-ea or the River Lyg Lechlade formerly a Town in Gloc. in which there was a famous Latin School which with Crekelade i. e. a Greek School King Aelfred removed to Oxford when he built that University Somnerus supposeth that this Town was call'd in the AS Leuegelade or Leuelade and he derives it from the AS Leccian to water and Ladian to Purge see Crekelade or Creccelade Ledbury in Heref. from the River Ledden and Bury which see in the Common Names Lee Ley or Leigh a Sirname either from the C. Br. le a place or from the AS Ley Leag Lege Land unplow'd for some years Lee or Ley as it is call'd in the North of England Leeds in Yorkshire in the AS Loydis heretofore the Kings of Northumberland's Palace not unlikely from the AS Leode Teut. Leut People all from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 q. d. a populous City Leerdam a City in Holland perhaps from the AS Laer Gelaer empty Teut. Lar Lehr the same and our English word Dam. Leland a Sirname made famous by our famous Antiquarian of that Name from the AS Leag a Pasture and Land. Le Herbert in Merionethshire i. e. Herbert's Way from Herbert an Earl of Pembr that with much ado made his way over the Mountains there Leicester the County Town Matth. Par. writes it Legecester this Camden surmiseth to be the same with Nennius's Caer Lerion It may be derived perhaps from the AS Leagceaster which again is derived from the AS Leag which signifies Ground laid fallow and ceaster a Town or Castle it being built hard by a Common Lemster in Heref. heretofore called Leon Minster from a Lion as some relate which appear'd to a Monk in a Dream or from Line which yieldeth great increase in this place Lemster a Province in Ireland in the C. Br. Lein by the Natives call'd Leighnigh Ptolemy saith that it was the Country of the Brigantes Menapii Cauchi and Blanii perhaps from the C. Br. Llam a leap or jump or Llammu to leap because it is full of Hills and uneven Places Leneham a Village in Kent from the old word Durolenum in Anton. i. e. the water of the River Len by adding the Termination Ham signifying a Village Lennox a Province in Scotland from the River Levin which by Ptolem. is call'd Lelalonius Leodegar a Christen-Name q. d. Leodgard i. e. the the Peoples Gard from the AS Leod People Gard which see in the Common Names see also Luitgard beneath Leofhold Versteg draws it from the AS Leof Love and Hold faithful Leofric an Eng. Sax. Commander of the Mercii who compass'd the City of Coventry about with that strong Wall that was pull'd down some years since from the AS Leof love and Ric a Kingdom also rich q. d. beloved of all or rich in love Leofstan a Christen-Name Camden saith that it is the Superlat of Leof dear In the AS Leofsta i. e. most dear Or from the same Leof dear and Stan a Stone q.d. a Precious Stone or Jewel Leofwin a Christen-Name from the AS Leof Love and Win a Victour or Winnan to obtain q. d. one that obtains the love of every one Leonard a Christen-Name from the AS Leon a Lion and Aerd nature that is to say one that hath a stout courage like a Lion. Leonegildus the Christ Name of a King of the Spanish Vice-Gothi from the AS Leon or Teut. Lowe in the Plural Lowen a Lion and the AS Gildan to shew i. e. he that makes a show of Lions for the People to see it or rather from the AS Lean Teut. Lohn Dan. and Goth. Lon a reward and Gilfan to give i e. such an one as payeth his Souldiers according to their deserts Leopold or Leodpold either as Camden hath it from the AS Leod People and Vphold or as Verstegan from the AS Leod Dear also Love and Hold that is He that maintaineth Friendship and Concord It answers the Gr. Demosthenes Leskerd a River in Cornwall perhaps from the C. Br. Llefg low or gentle and Cerdd Musick namely from the gentle Humming noise it maketh in its course L' Estrange a Sirname from the Fr. G. L' Estrange an Alien a Foreigner Lettice the Christ Name of a Woman from the Lat. Laetitia Joy It answers to the Gr. Euphrosyne Leveney a River in Breckn nigh to which was formerly a Town which Ptolem. calls Loventium by adding thereto the AS Term. Ey for Ea water perhaps from the C. Br. Llewa to Eat because by overflowing its Banks it carrieth away some of the surface of the Neighbouring Fields Leverton a Village in Linc. q. d. Leofrie's Town from Leofric an English-Saxon the Founder of it Leveson a Sirname q.d. Leweson i. e. the Son of Lewis which see Levigilous King of the Spanish Vice-Gothi from the old Belg. Leuwe a Lyon and Gild a Fellow according to Junius Levin formerly a Christ name but now a Sirname a contract of Leofwin which see above Leviston a Sirname a Corruption of the Christ Name Leofstan which see above or from Levins or Leofwins by adding Ston Lewes a Port in Suss from the AS Laesƿe a Pasture it being surrounded on each side with good Pasture Lands Lewis a Christ Name immediately from the Fr. G. Louis or the It. Luigi among the Venetians 't is call'd Aluise all from the Teut. Ludwig the same and this from the AS Leod Teut. Leute People and Wic a Castle or Fort i. e. the Safeguard or Support of the People Lewlin a Christ Name frequent among the Welsh q.d. like a Lion. It answers the Gr. Leon and Leontius Ley a River in Essex in the AS Lygean perhaps from the AS Licgean to Lie because it runneth so softly that one would think it stood still Leyden a famous City in Holland perhaps from the old AS and C. Br. Lug or the AS Lich a Lake Dune an Hill q. d. an Hill environ'd with a Lake or Lough which see and also Downes in the Common Names Adr. Jun. draws it from the Belg. Luyck a Cloyster and Dun an Hill or from Lege Dunen from the lowness of the Hills Leyton in Essex in the C.
perhaps q. d. Okeham i. e. Oak-Town from the abundance of Oaks growing in or about it Ockhampton in Devonshire from the River Ock and Anton now Avon Ockley in Surrey a Village from the AS Ac an Oak and Lea or Leag a Field Oder see Viader and Viadrus Odoacer King of the Heruli Rugii Turcilingi and at last of Italy the same with Ottocar or Odgar which see Adr. Jun. writes him Haudovacrius or Adovacrius but whaâ— Authors he has for it I know not saving his Supposition drawn from the Motto written upon his Standard houd u Wacker which is by Interpretation Hold or keep thy self watchful It may also be drawn from the AS Hold trusty and Wacker vigilant Offchurch in Warw. from Offa King of the Mercii and the Builder thereof whose Son Fremund was there interr'd Oger formerly a Christen-Name according to Camden but now a Sirname perhaps from the AS Oga terrour Okeham in Rutland from the AS Ac an Oak and Ham an House Okenyate a small Village in the County of Shropshire by the Rom. call'd Vsocona Now it hath its name from our word Oak and Gate from some Oak growing at the Gate or because the Gate is made of Oak Oker a Sirname formerly Okover i. e. over Oak Oldbury in the County of Gloc. i. e. the old Borough see Bury in the Com. Names Old Carlile see Carlile Old Perith in Cumberland by the Romans called Petrian from the Petreian Band that Quartered there The old Town in Herefordshire in the C. Br. Castle Hen the old Castle Old Winchester in Northumberland elsewhere called Vindolana by adding thereto the AS termination Ceaster a Town is now degenerated into Old Winchester Oliver a Christen-Name from the Fr. Olivier an Olive Tree St. Omer 's an University from the Fr. St. Omer a City over against Flanders i. e. the Church of St. Omer or Omeropolis the City of St. Omer Ordevices an ancient People of Wales from Oar Devi i. e. upon the River Devi for there is a Tract by the Sea which the Welsh to this day call Ardudwy Ordulph King Edgar's Son from the AS Ora a Port and Ulph help or from the same Ulph and Ord an Army or from the Teut. Ort a place and the same Ulph help Orial College in the University of Oxford Fuller surmiseth that it is so called from its Oriental or Eastern Situation though I think rather q. Aurea Aula a Golden Hall or Collegium Aureolum i. e. a fair and stately College Originall a Christen-Name I suppose the same with the Gr. Origenes and Lat. Origen Ormond in Ireland by the Irish call'd Orwowâ—n that is the Front of Munster see Munster Ormus a Haven upon the Persian Coast famous in the time of our Progenitours now greatly impaired because of the Commerce or Tradings being removed to another place from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an Harbour because perhaps it was the Harbour for the Ships which Alexander the Great sent with his Captains Onesicritus and Nearchus to view the Shores of India Orpington or Orpinton in Kent perhaps from our word Orpin a Plant so called and Town from the abundance thereof thereabout Osborn from the AS Hus an House and Bearn a Child or Osborn q. d. Hous-born that is born at home St. Osith perhaps from the AS Oð ever and Si'd or Gesið mild Osmund a Christen-Name from the AS Hus an House and Mund Peace Osney in the County of Oxford q.d. Ousney from the River Ous and the AS Ea Water or Land by the Rivers side Osred a King of Northumberland from the AS Os for Hus an House and Rede Counsel Oswald that Pious King of Northumberland from the AS Hus an House and Wald Power or Wealdan to rule q.d. an Householder or Master of a Family Oswaldsaw Hundred in Worcestershire from Oswald Bishop of Worcester that begg'd the inspection thereof of King Edgar and the AS Ea water quasi Oswald's Ea. Oswestre in Shropshire formerly Oswaldstre in the C. Br. Croix Oswald Oswald's Cross from the C. Br. Tre a Town and St. Oswald King of Northumberland that was here slain in Fight by Penda a General of the Mercii Oswin a Christen-Name from the AS Hus an House and Winnan to Win or acquire or rather from the same Hus and Wine dearly beloved Oswy King of Northumberland Founder of the Cathedral Church at Litchfield from the AS Hus an house and Wie consecrated which comes from the Teut. Weihen or the Belg. Wiihen Wiicn to consecrate or dedicate Otford in Kent memorable for an overthrow of the Danes perhaps from a River Ott and Ford. Othes a Christen-Name possibly from the Lat. Otho though Kilian derives it from the old Teut. Atte Father Ottadini a British People that setled themselves in the County of Northumberland possibly from the C. Br. Vch Tin that is beyond the Tine Otterey in Devonshire from Otter and the AS Ea water Ottgar King Edgar's Father-in-Law perhaps q. d. Oath Gard i. e. a Keeper of his Oath See Odoacer and Ottocar Ottocar a Puissant Prince of Bohemia Duke of Austria and Lord of many other Dominions Kilian draws it from the old Teut. Oedâ— untilled and Acker a Field and takes it to be the same with Odoacer Some write it Ottgar and draw it from the Teut. Atte Father Gard q. d. his Father's Advocate See Ottgar Overborough in Luncashire see Over and Borough in the Com. Names St. Mary Overey a Street in the Borough of Southwark beyond London Bridge q. d. St. Mary Over Ea that is St. Mary over or on the other side the water Ougthred or Vctred formerly a Christen-Name but now a Sirname perhaps from the AS Uht early the Morning Tide and Redan to give Counsel that is to say He that gives seasonable Advice or as the learned Th. H. telleth us from the Belg. Hoch high and the AS rede Counsel i. e. noble Counsel Oundle or Oundale in the County of Northampton It implieth as much as Avondale from the River Avon Ousbourn in Yorkshire a little River which runneth into Owse See Bourn in the Com. Names Martin Outwich formerly St. Mary Otirwich in London not unlikely from the AS Otyr Oter an Otter and Wyc a Dock or Wharf Owdewater or rather as the Belg. write it Oudewater that is the Old Waters a Town in Holland famous for the Birth of Arminus the Divine see Old and Water in the Com. Names Owen a Christen-Name Camden supposeth it a Corruption of the Gr. Eugenius Owse a River in Yorkshire in Lat. Isis which Name is met with frequently in reading of History which makes me think that Owse and Avon were taken by the Britains for any River or Water in general Oxford a Bishop's See and one of the two famous Universities of England from the AS Oxenford derived as the Gr. Bosphorus or the Germ. Oschenfart say some Leland will have it to be so called quasi Owseford that is the Ford of Owse which I take to
Death of his Brother whom he to obtain the Empire for himself had put to Death took a Journey into the Holy Land and every Night during his Journey scourged himself with a rod of Broom for Pennance Pleasaunce from the Fr. Plaisance the It. Piacenza or the Lat. Placentia so called from its pleasant Situation Plegmund an Arch-Bishop of Canterbury perhaps from the AS Plega Plaga Play and Mundian to uphold Plimouth a famous City and Sea-Port Town in Devonsh q.d. the Mouth of the River Plim Or it may be taken from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Tide Plonket a Sirname not unlikely from the Fr. Blond red-hair'd and the Dim termination Ket Poik in Worcestersh Camden writes it Powick which may be derived from the AS Pol a Pole and Wic a Bay or Fort. Poitevin now Pelfin a Sirname q. d. Fr. le Poitevin come of a Pict or from Pictavia in France Pollard a Sirname from the Fish called a Pollard see Poll and Pollard in the Com. Names Or from our Eng. Verb to Poll or cut the hair Polton in Cornwall that is to say Pool Town Pont Eland in Northumberland from the River Pontus by the Romans 't was call'd Pons Aelii Pontfret or Pontfract commonly call'd Pomfret in Yorkshire q. d. Lat. Pons fractus the broken Bridge It is Historied that the Bridge was broken down by the vast Number of People that met here to give a welcom to the Arch-Bishop Wilhelm King Stephen's Nephew by his Sister so that many did fall into the River and had been all inevitably drown'd but that a Tear which Wilhelm let fall saved them all Portlock in Somers a small Harbour q.d. the Ports Lock see Lock in the Common Names Portland an Isle in Dorsetshire either from the Port Weymouth which is over against it or from Portus a noted Saxon Pirateer Portland in Hantshire anciently call'd Portsey and Portchester possibly heretofore remarkable for some noted Port of Trade from our old word Port carriage or behaviour and Land which see in the Com. Names Portslade a small Village in Sussex q. d. a way Leading to the Port according to Camden Some derive it from the AS Sled a Valley that is a Port or Haven in Valley or Bottom Portsmouth a famous Sea-Port Town in Hantsh q. d. the Mouth of the Port see Mouth and Port in the Common Names Powell a Welsh Sirname q.d. Ap Howell i. e. Howell's Son see Howell Preston in Lanc. q.d. Priests Town Price a Sirname proper to the Welsh q. d. Ap Rice i. e. the Son of Rice Prichard a Sirname frequent in Wales q. d. Ap Richard i. e. the Son of Richard. Prindle a Sirname perhaps from the Lat. Praediolum a small Farm to which agrees Camden Probert properly a Welsh Sirname q.d. Ap Robert i. e. begotten of Robert Robert's Son see Robert. Prodhow or Prudhow Castle in Northumberland by the Romans called Protolitia or Procolitia a Military Fort. Prono a God of the ancient Germans perhaps from the Teut. Brandt a Brand or Fire for he is imagin'd to be the Germans Vulcan or God of Fire Prud a Welsh Sirname q.d. Ap Rhud i. e. Rhud's Son Rhud denoteth one that is red-hair'd See Red in the Com. Names Pudsey a Sirname from the Fr. Puis a Well and our word Sea or the AS Ea Water Pugh a Welsh Sirname q. d. Ap Hugh that is Hugh's Son. Pull hely in Caern in the C. Br. it implieth as much as Salt Marsh Putney in Surrey on the Bank of thee Thames from the Belg. Put in the Plural Putten a Well and Ea Water Q. QVixot Don Quixot The noted Spanish Rhodomantado from the Hisp Quixotes Terces Armour for the Thigh this again from the Lat. Coxa the Hip or it may come from Quixada Quixar a Cheek-bone possibly so call'd from the greatness of his Jaw bones and leanness of his Cheeks Quixar may be drawn from the AS Ceac Ceoca a Cheek or Cheek-bone Quinborough in Kent i. e. the Queens Borough a Castle built by King Edw. the Third in the honour of his Wife Philippa of Hannonia R. RAchisius a King of the Longobardi of Italy from the Teut. Raach Revenge or Rachen to revenge i. e. an Avenger Radbod a King of Freezland from the AS Rade Counsel and Bode a Messenger Radegisus a King of the Gothi from the AS Read the Belg. Rood or the Teut. Rot Red and Geisz a Goat Jun. Radegonde a Wom. Name from the AS Rade Rede Counsel and the Teut. Gunnen to favour i. e. one that favoureth or submits to good Counsel Radnor old Radnor in the C. Br. Pencrag from its high top perhaps from the AS Rade a Road and Ofer or Ober over Radulph or Rodulph see Ralph beneath it Raginbert one of the Longobardi Duke of Narvisium in the year 701. perhaps from the Teut. Rechen to avenge or Raach vengeance and the AS Beorht famous Ralph a Christen-Name a Contract of Radulph which is the same with Rodulph from the AS Rade Counsel tel and Ulph Help i. e. one that assisteth in Counsel Rams head in Ireland perhaps so called from the likeness of a Ram's Head and Horns Ramsey in Huntingtonshire from the AS Ea Water or an Isle and Ram q. d. Rams Isle Randal a Christen-Name Camden takes it to be a corruption of Ranulph and derives it from the Teut. Rein Pure and Ulph Help Ratcliff in Middl. q. d. Red Cliff. Ravensbourn a River in Kent from Raven and Bourn see both in the Common Names Raulins a Sirname from the Fr. Raoul Radulph by adding the Patronymick Termination in s q. d. Ralph's Son or little Ralph see Ralph Raymund a Christen-Name from the Teut. Rein Pure and Mund a Mouth i. e. one that abstains from wanton Discourses or from the Teut. Ruh rest and the AS Mund Peace i. e. one that answereth not again Reading in Berks a Town of great Trade Camden draws it from the C. Br. Redin Fern which groweth thereabouts in great abundance Leland supposeth that it is thus nam'd from the meeting together of other waters with the River Rhe or Rhea Reafan the Banner or Flag of the Danes from the figure of a Raven embroidered thereupon by King Lodbroke's Daughter See Raven in the Com. Names Reccaredus or Richaredus a King of the Spanish Vice-Gothi from the AS Ric Rich and Rede Counsel or from the Teut. Reden to say and the same Ric that is one of a fluent and eloquent Tongue Rechilla a King of the Spanish Swedes from the Teut. Rechen revenge and Ellen to make hast that is one quick to revenge Reciswindus a King of the Spanish Vice-Gothi not unlikely from the Teut. Rechen to avenge and Geschwind speedily Reculver in Kent in the AS Raculf Redbridge in Hantsh in the AS Reed ford i. e. Reed-ford or Reed-bridge Redwall or rather Redwald King of the East-English from the AS Rede Counsel and Wald Power i. e. one that beareth Sway in Counsel Reeve a Sirname
manifestly from Bride and Groom because the man is as it were groom or servant to his bride on the day of marriage Bridge from the AS Brigge and this from the AS Ober above and Rige a back Or rather q. d. Ober-ig that is over the water Bridle from the AS Bridel Belg. Breydel Ital. Briglia the same all not unlikely from the Belg. Breyden to Ride which see Brief from the Teut. and Fr. G. Brief i. e. a short concise writing Brier from the AS Braer Hisp Abrojo idem Braer I suppose comes from the Verb Breacan to break because it teareth the skin or cloths Brieze from the Ital. Brezza Fr. G. Brize Hisp Brise a chill wind It also alludes to the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a trembling or shivering Brigade from the Fr. G. Brigade Ital. Brigata a society or from the Fr. G. Brigue Ital. Briga a conflict or fight i. e. a band of war-like men Brigandine from the Fr. G. Brigantin Ital. Brigantino id perhaps from the Fr. G. Brigand a robber because Pirates were wont to make use of these ships for their conveniency But you will say Whence cometh Brigand Faucherus draws it from the Germ. Brig a bridge or Brug because robbers sieze travellers upon bridges Nicot thinks it so called from the Teut. Berg a mountain and Gehen to go q. d. one that goes among mountains to hide himself Bright from the AS Beorht idem Fr. Jun. supposeth it to come from the C. Br. Brith painted or rather party-coloured To Brim as a Sow possibly from the AS Brine heat because those creatures are very hot in time of ingendring Brimm from the AS Brime Teut. Bram Dan. Bremme idem Brimstone q. d. Brenne-stone or which comes all to a thing from the AS Brine fire and Stone q. d. a burning-stone Brine from the AS Bryne Belg. Bryn the same and both of them from the AS Brym the salt sea Bring from the AS Bringan Belg. Brengen Teut. Bringen idem Brink v. Brim Brisk from the Teut. Frisch chearful or from the Hisp Brio q. d. one that is courageous and lively V. Fresh Brisket q. d. Bresket by adding the diminutive termination ket v. Brest Bristle from the AS Bristl Teut. Burstel Belg. Borstel idem yet not unlikely from our word Burst because a bristle bursteth or breaketh through the skin Brittle from the AS Brytan Fr. Th. Brettan Brittan Dan. Bryder to break asunder Fr. Jun. derives them all from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 frail or mortal Minsevus writeth it Brickle from the word Break which I cannot so well approve of Broach from the Fr. G. Broche Ital. Broccia a spit hence we say Broach a vessel metaphorically Broad from the AS Brad Belg. Breyd Teut. Breit the same Broccado or rather Brocado a word purely Spanish but frequently read in the English Translation of Mandeslous from the Ital. Brocca a stud or boss q. d. cloth of gold and silver Brock from the AS Broc Ital. Burcho Buchio the same or rather from the word Break because this creature crusheth in pieces whatsoever it fasteneth its teeth upon and hence comes our saying He bites like a Badger Brocker from the Fr. G. Brocart and both of them from the Fr. G. Broche in our lingua A Broach q. d. a stag of two years old having horns without knags like the end of a spit or broach To Broggle for Eels a saying among Fisher-men from the Fr. G. Brouiller to trouble the water because by so doing they are more easily taken Broil from the same root if not more properly from the Ital. Broglio for Imbroglio i. e. to canvass Broker from the word Break because Bankrupts only were in former ages permitted to be of this trade It may as well be a contraction only of the word Procurer Brood from the AS Bredan Teut. Bruten Belg. Broeden Brueden to sit upon eggs It alludes to the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to grow big with young To Brook to bear a thing patiently by inverting the sence a little from the AS Brucan to digest or from the Dan. Brugen Teut. Brauchen to have the use of a thing Mer. Cas draws it from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to eat Brook from the AS Broca Belg. Broeck and this Fr. Jun. derives from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Marsh or Fenn But Brook when it signifies a river is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a shower Mer. Cas derives it from the Aeol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a river Dr. Th. H. draws the AS Broca a river from Breacan to break because upon rain they break over their banks A Brook for an Impostume or sore from the word Break. Broom from the AS Brom Belg. Brem Teut. Pfriem the same Broth from the AS Broð Belg. Broye Brue Teut. Bruhe Fr. G. Brode Ital. Brodio the same Mer. Cas draws it from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 meat or food Brothel by a Metathesis from the Fr. G. Bordel Bordeau Ital. Bordello idem or from the Fr. G. Bord the brink and Eau water because amongst the Romans Stews and Bawdy-houses were erected upon the banks of rivers Brother from the AS Broðer Broðor Fr. Th. Bruother Belg. Broeder Teut. Bruder C. Br. Brawd the same and all of them from the word Breed q. d. of the same Brood Brow from the AS BroÆ¿a Belg. Brauwe Brouwe the eye-brow Brow the Brow of a thing from the Belg. Brauwe the brim of any thing Brown from the AS Brun Belg. Bruyn Teut. Braun Ital. Bruno idem Browse from the Fr. G. Brouser Ital. Bruscare to crop off leaves and twigs V. Brush Bruise from the AS Brysed bruised Fr. G. Froisser to bruise or from Briser which comes from the Fr. Th. Bruzzen both not unlikely from the Lat. Pressare to press or crush together Bruit from the Fr. G. Bruit a report this perhaps from the Lat. Furere to be in a rage or fury Brunt to bear the Brunt of the day from the Teut. and Belg. Brunst i. e. the Heat of the day V. Burn. Brush from the Fr. G. Bresse Broisse the same Or as Minsevus saith from the Teut. Burste a bristle because made of bristles From hence Brush wood from Brush and Wood q. d. young small sprigs in comparison like to Swines bristles To Brustle from the AS Brustlian to rustle as Armour Or as Dr. Th. H. sagaciously divineth q. d. To Bristle as an enraged boar Bubble from the Belg. Bobble Dan. Bobâ—e the same perhaps corrupted from the Lat. Bulla idem Buck from the Teut. Baucle Ital. Bucata Fr. G. Buée ley made of ashes all perhaps from the Lat. Focus a fire A Buck from the AS Bucca Fr. G. Bouc idem Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Roe or Hind Martinius derives it from the Teut. Bocken Fr. G. Buquer to repulse Bucket from the Fr. G. Bacquet and both perhaps from the AS Buc a flaggon Somnerus draws it from the
Harald the last English-Saxon King which was the first step to his conquering the whole Kingdom to himself Battle Bridge in the County of York where Harald the last English-Saxon King discomfited and slew Harald Hardred the then King of Norway Baxter i. e. Baker Beauchamp from the Fr. G. Beau Champ that is of a good or fair Field Beauchief an Abby in the County of Derby from the Fr. G. Beau Chef a good Head possibly so call'd because a great many Learned Men lived therein Beaudesert in the County of Stafford q. d. a brave Desert Beaufoe from the Fr. G. Beau good and Fau a Beech tree Beaufort from the Fr. G. Beau and Fort that is a sumptuous or commodious Fort. Beavis Camden supposeth that it is contracted from the Vet. G. Bellovesus the Name of a King as the Fr. G. Beavois from the Bellovaci an ancient People in France Beauly a Tract of Land in Hantshire q. d. Fr. G. Beau lieu a brave pleasant place Beaumarish Fr. G Beaumarais in the Isle of Anglesey formerly call'd Bonover that is a fair Fen or Marsh Beaumont from the F. G. Beau mont that is a pretty Mount. Beaupre from the Fr. G. Beau Prè a fine Meadow Beawdley in the County of Worcester from the Fr. G. Beau lieu i. e. a brave pleasant place for its situation Bede a Christen-name from the AS Beade a Prayer St. Bede being so call'd from his earnestness in Prayer Bedford AS Bedanford q. d. Beds or publick Inns by a Ford. See Bed and Ford in their places St. Bees in Cumberland so call'd from St. Bega an Irish Virgin that lived a solitary Life there Belfast in the Province of Vlster in Ireland from the Fr. G. Bel fair and our old English word Fast AS Festenne a Fortress q. d. a fair Fortress Belgae a stout People famous for Sea Affairs Ad. Jun. derives it from the Belg. Bulghen to fight for they were a warlike People Belinsgate a Wharff for Ships in London from the AS Baelge a Purse or Wallet for that those that go there carry ready Money if they intend to buy any thing Or possibly from the word Bellan to roar from the noise of many waves beating against the shore But which is most likely from K. Belin or Belinus the first Founder according to Stow. Bellasise from the Fr. G. Belle Assize a pleasant situation Bellew in Lincolnshire from the Fr. G. Bel-Eau a pleasant Water or River Benion a Name common in Wales that is to say Ap-Enion the Son of Enion which see Bennet a Christen-name from the Fr. G. Bènoist Benoit and both from the Lat. Benedictus blessed St. Bennet's in the Holm in the County of Norfolk i. e. the Church of St. Bennet in the Holm see Holm Bensbury in the County of Surrey i. e. Cnebensbury so call'd from one Cneben a Captain under Aethelred King of Kent that was there slain in a fight against Ceaulin King of the Vice-Saxons Benson a Sirname not as Camden will have it q. Bennet's Son but from Benjamin q. Ben's Son. Bent Camden supposeth it so call'd from the abundance of Bents which see in Com Names Berald or Beroald a Saxon the first Prince of Savoy not unlikely from the AS Bera Teut. Bahr Belg. Beer a Bear and the old Teut. Walden AS Wealdan to wield to rule See Bernard Bergamsted in Kent from the AS Beorg a Fort Ham a House and Steda a Stead Beringer or Beringard in Lat. Beringarius from the Teut. Bahren Bears and Gard that is a Keeper of Bears see Bernard Berkley or Barkley in the Counties of Somerset and Glocester see Barkley above Bermundsey from the AS Bermund's Ea that is Bermund's Isle formerly famous for an Abby erected by Bermund either Lord or Abbot of the place Now Bermund may be derived either from the AS Bera Teut. Bahr a Bear and the Teut. Mund a Mouth or from the AS Beran to bear and Mund Peace that is to say a Peace-bringer Bernard the Name of a most devout Abbot either as Camden saith from our English Baru a Child and the Belg. Ard Nature or as Verstegan saith q.d. Beornhart that is one of a stour heart It may as probably be drawn from Bear and Ward that is to say a Warder or Keeper of Bears Bernicia AS Beornica-Megðe and Beornicarice i. e. the Province of Berwick perhaps from the AS Beorn a Barn that is a Man-Child and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Victory so call'd for the warlike disposition of the Natives Bernulph King of the Mercii from the AS Bearn issue and Ulph help q. d. one that helpeth or provideth for his Children Berry the same with Borough which see Bertha a Woman's Name from the AS Beorht noble famous Berthold a Christen-name from the Teut. Bericht learning and Hold i. e. one that retaineth what he has learn'd or as Kilian saith from the Teut. Bericht and Berit a League and Hold that is one that will keep his promise or which is yet more likely from the AS Beorht Brave and Hold a Ruler q. d. a good Ruler or Governour Berthulph a Bishop of Winchester in the year 900 from the AS Beorht illustrious and Ulph help q. d. a famous helper Berten see Barton Bertran a Christen-name Camden draws it from the AS Beorht famous and rand pure It may as well come of the same Beorht brave and ran Hran a Whale or the Teut. Rande a brink of a River Berttud the Wife of Clothair King of France in the year 628. perhaps from the AS Beorht fair and the Belg. Drut Druit faithful loyal q. d. fair and faithful Bertwald an Arch-Bishop of Canterbury from the AS Beorht famous and Wealdan to rule Berwent-Fels in the County of Cumberland Mountains from the River Berwent running there-through and the Teut. Felsz a Rock or Cliff. Berwick in Northumberland formerly a famous strong Hold which Ingulph interprets a Mannor Leland draws it from Aberwic i. e. a Town at the Mouth of a River Sâ—mn maketh it the same with the AS Beretun q. d. a Corn Town Bets formerly a Christen-name but now a Sirname from the Lat. Beatus blessed saith Camden Bevans a Sirname common to the Welsh as much as to say Ap Evans q.d. come of Evan or John. See Evan Bever in Lincolnshire formerly Belvoir a French word q. d. a Castle fair to look at so call'd for the Pleasantness of its situation Beverley a Town in the County of York AS Beverlega Bede's Abby in Deir-wood Beverwiick a Town in Holland from the Teut. Beyer a Bavarian and Wiic AS Wic an Haven or perhaps from the word Bever which this Town might plenteously afford in former Ages Biggin from the AS Byan to possess or rather from Bycgan to build Bigot from the Fr. G. Bigot an Hypocrite or superstitious Person Menag Biland that is de Belle-Lande q. d. of good Land See Land in its place Binchester in the Bishoprick of Durham by Antoninus Vinovium by adding the AS termination
Ceaster a City Birtyc Birthryc and Bithric Verstegan draws it from our word Birth and the AS ric rich that is born to riches an Heir to an Estate It might also be drawn from the AS Beorht Illustrious and ric rich q. d. noble and rich Bisset from the Fr. G. Bizet a kind of Dove this from Bis ash colour Blackney in the County of Norfolk from the AS Ea an Isle and our word Black that is the Black Isle See Black. Black-water in Essex by Ptolemy Idumanum from Black and water which see Blanch a Womans name from the Fr. G. Blanche Ital. Bianca white Bletsoe in Bedfordshire formerly Bletnesho from the AS Bletsian to bless and seo a Sight to wit for the pleasantness of its prospect Blundell a Sirname from the Fr. G. Blond red and the dim el. Blunt a Sirname from the same root Bodmin a River in Cornwall perhaps from the C. Br. Bod a Kite and Min the Bank of a River by reason of the great number of Kites that frequent it Bodvari in Flintshire from the C. Br. Bod a River and Varis a Ferry see Ferry Bormund a Prince of Apulia and Antioch perhaps from the AS Bode Teut. Bott an Embassador and Mund a Mouth i. e. one that hath a fluent Tongue as Ambassadours ought to have or from the same Bode and the AS Mund Peace that is a Messenger of Peace From this name came our word Bowman a name now given to Hounds as the famous Th. H. ingeniously noteth Bois from the Fr. G. Bois a Wood. Bold a Sirname Camden derives it from the Teut. Bol a Marsh which word I no where find in that sence So that I had rather draw it from the AS Bolde a Village q.d. of a Village or yet more naturally from our own word Bold q. d. adventurous Bonaventure a Christen-name from the Fr. G. Bonne Aventure a lucky Chance see Adventure Bond a Sirname from the word Bond or Band q. d. the tye of a Family see Band and Bind Bonevill a Sirname from the Fr. G. De Bonne ville that is of a good Town Boscastle in the County of Cornwall corrupted from Botereaux-Castle from the Norm name Boterau which signifieth a Garter that Family bearing a Garter in its Coat of Arms. Boseham in Sussex formerly Bosenham from the Teut. Busz a Bush and the AS Ham an House or from the AS Bosih a Fence Somner saith that it was formerly call'd Bosauham and he seemeth to derive it from the Fr. G. Bois a Wood and the AS ham an habitation which if it were so ought to be written Boisham Bostock formerly Botestock in Cheshire from the AS Bote Boot or overplus and stocce a trunk or body of a Tree Boston in Lincolnshire a Market-Town so call'd q. Botolph's Town who had a Monastery in Warw. and was had in much reputation at this place Bosworth in Leicestershire memorable for the Death of the famous Richard the Third from the Teut. Bosz an Apple-tree and the AS Worsð a Court or Weorð worthy St. Botolph Camden supposeth that it is derived from the Noun Boat and the AS Ulph help because perhaps he was the Mariners tutelar Saint and for this reason was so much adored at Boston Botontines in the County of Hunt. q.d. Buttings heaps of Earth See Buts amongst the Common Names Bottle a Sirname from the AS Botl Botle a Village Bottle-bridge in Hunt. that is to say Botolph's Bridge or from the AS Botle a Village and Bridge which see Boverton in Glamorganshire by Antoninus Bovium Bovil from the Fr. G. Boeuf an Ox and Ville a Town Bourchier perhaps derived from the Fr. G. Bourg a Town and Cher dear yet I rather think that it cometh of the Fr. G. Bourcier for Boursal a term in Law which signifies that which is a younger Brother's right Bourn in Lincolnshire that is a Town hard by a Bourn or River where King Edmund was crown'd see Bourn Bowen a Sirname frequently given to the Welsh i. e. Ap Owen q. d. from or the Son of Owen which see Boyl a Country in Ireland so call'd from the River Boyl or Buellio in the County of Roscommon a Province of Cannaught Brabant a famous Province of the Netherlands from the old Belg. Brad now Breed broad and Bandt a Garter or Swathe saith Adr. Jun. so call'd with relation to the vast extent thereof Bracton at the first a Towns name from whence Henry of Bracton an expert Lawyer and Lord Chief Justice of England in the Reign of King Henry the Third had his Sirname It may not unlikely be derived from Brake and Town which see Bradford in the County of Wilts formerly Bradanford that is the broad Ford see Broad and Ford. Brakley in the County of Northampton a Towns name from Brake i. e. Fern because it was formerly much overspread with Fern see Brake Brancaster in Norfolk formerly Brannodunum by adding of the AS term Ceaster a Town or Castle Brandon formerly a famous Country Leland derives it from the C. Br. Brane or Bran a Crow and the AS Dune an Hill or from the same Dune and the C. Br. Bren a King q. d. Kings-Mount Yet I had rather draw it from Brant burnt and the AS Tun a Town that is to say a burnt Town Brandsford or Bransford Bridge in the County of Leicester i. e. the Ford of Brands for some dreadful Fire that once happened there see Burn amongst the Com. Names Bray a Village in Barkshire from the Bibroci that formerly inhabited this place The Breach in the County of Kent where the River Thames bursting through the Banks overflowed many Acres of Ground see Break. Brecknockmere in the County of Brec C. Br. Linsavethan that is a standing Slough by Girald called Clamosus from the thundering noise it maketh when the Ice is thawed Brecknockshire C. Br. Brechiniau from Brechanius a Prince that begat 24 Daughters which were all canonized in the Choire of Saints Breda a famous and most fortified City of Brabant I suppose from the Belg. Breed broad and the old Teut. Aa AS Ea water because it lyeth nigh Merck a River somewhat broader than Ordinary Brederode the name of an Illustrious Family in Holland from the Belg. Brede Breed broad and Roede a rod. Bremicham or Birmingham in the County of Warwick famous for Workmanship in Metals perhaps from the AS Bryme Breman famous and Ham an Habitation Brentknoll in Somersetshire from the AS Knol the Top of a Mountain and Brent burnt q. d. parched with the heat of the Sun. Brent marsh q. d. Burnt marsh in the County of Somerset as the Monks of Glastenbury expound it Frogs Marsh as if Brent had formerly signified a Frog Brentstreet in the County of Middlesex from the River Brent and street which see Brentwood in Essex i. e. Burnt wood see Burn and Wood. Bretenham in the County of Suffolk formerly by Antoninus called Combretonium that is a Village on both sides of the River Breton Brettou
a National term q.d. one of Britain Brian a Christen-name in old Books it is written Briant and Brient from the Fr. G. Bruiant clamorous this from Bruire to make a noise Bridchurch in Cumberland q. d. the Church of St. Bridget an Irish Saint Bridewell an House of Correction formerly an Hall in the City of London q. d. Bride's Well or St. Bridget's well Bridgewater in the County of Somerset a famous Port q. d. Walters-burgh or Burgh-Walter from one Walter a Soldier under William the Conquerour that received this Town for his Service in the Wars De Briewer a name taken from the place of Birth from the Fr. G. Brugere Briere a Heath because the first of that Name was found by King Henry the Second as he was Hunting in the same Heath where he was born and brought up and afterwards came to be greatly in favour with Richard III. Son to the said King Henry II. Brig in Lincolnshire formerly Glandford q. d. a Town by a Bridge see Bridge in its proper place Brigthelmsted in Sussex AS Brighðealmertun so called from St. Brigthelm see Bright and Helm amongst the Common Names Brigid aliàs Bridget the name of a certain Irish Saint as also a certain Queen of Sweden her equal for Sanctity from our English Bright Brill or as Adr. Jun. writeth it Briel a Dutch Port and Fortress from the Belg. Bril a Prospective-Glass Brill in the County of Bucks a contract from Burr-hill for the many Burrs that grow there see Burr in the Common Names Bristow a famous and rich Sea-Port Town AS Brihtstoƿ or Beorhtstoƿ a bright pleasant place rightly so called for its pleasant Situation and sumptuous Buildings Britain Camden deriveth it from the C. Br. Brith painted and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Nation I had rather draw it from the C. Br. Bri Honour and Tain a River for it is an Island exceeding all others in Europe from the great and many Rivers wherewith it abounds amongst which Thames Tagus and Pactolus are the chief Britholm Bishop of Bath and Wells about the year 955. AS Beorht-helm a bright Helmet Brithwold Bishop of Winchester in the year 996. from the AS Brith famous and Wealden to bear rule Brittenbury in Holland If we may credit Adr. Jun. it was once the Romans Magazine in which they laid up Ammunition for the maintenance of their Forces bringing it over from Britain q. d. Britains Borough Britainople because a Band of Britains Quarter'd there See Borough Broken-bridge in the County of Wilts formerly call'd Caerderburge the Court of the Petty Saxon Kings perhaps from Caerdure some petty King that settled himself there and Burg for Borough which see Or from the C. Br. Caer a Town and Dwr water that is a Town seated by the water side Bromfield q.d. Broom-Field which see Bructeri formerly a People of Germany where now is Westphalia Adr. Jun. supposeth 'em to be call'd quasi Brouckters q.d. Inhabitants of Fens or watry Grounds from the Ger. Broucken Marshes Bruiton in Somersetshire from the River Bry and Ton for Town Brunehault by the Writers of that Age Brunechileis a most wicked Queen of France perhaps from the Teut. Bruyen brown and Helde a Dame or noble Matron Brunswick an Imperial City in Germany from Bruno the Founder thereof and the AS Wic a Fortress Buckingham the County Town so call'd from the abundance of Beech-trees growing there and AS Ham an Habitation see Beech. Buelth in the County of Breckn perhaps from the C. Br. Bwlch broken to wit for the scraggy Rocks there Bugden in Huntingtonshire memorable for the Bishop of Lincoln's Seat from our word Bog and the AS Den a Dale that is a watry squashy Dale or perhaps from the same Den and the AS Bog a bough i. e. a Valley shaded with the Boughs of Trees Bullingbrook in the County of Lincoln noted for the Birth of Henry the Fourth q. d. Bull 's Brook see Bull and Brook. Bullinger a Sirname from the Fr. G. Boulenger a Baker which Menag draws from the Lat. Polenta fryed Barley Bullnesse in Cumberland from the C. Br. Bwlch a Separation and the AS Term. Nese a Promontory for England is there parted from Scotland Burcester in Oxfordshire from the AS Bern a Barn and ceaster a Town Burchard formerly a name of Office and Dignity Versteg saith that it was formerly written Burg-Gard a Burgess of a Corporation See Borough and Gard. Burdred a King of Mercia perhaps from the AS Burh a Town and Draed dread q.d. the Terrour of Towns. Burford in Oxfordshire AS Beorford from Beor Beer and Ford see both Beer and Ford. Burg in the County of Westmorland whence it is commonly call'd Stan-more Burg that is the Town under Stan-more see Stone and Moor. The Burg Belg. de Burgh an ancient Tower at Lyons in Holland erected by Hengift an English-Saxon that first subdued Britain from the AS Burg a Tower or strong Hold. Burgh-Castle in Suffolk AS Cnobhers-burg i. e. the Town of one Cnobher some petty King that built it Burgoin Fr. G. de Burgoigne i. e. one of Burgundy Burgundy or Burgundions formerly a People of Germany now of France from the old Germ. Burg AS Beorg Burg a Fort or Castle and that from Beorgan to fortify St. Buriens in Cornwall from Burien an Irish Saint to whom a Church was there consecrated Burnell from the Fr. G. Bournal an Hony-Comb or by the figure Metathesis from the old word Brunel that is somewhat Brown see Brown. Burrow in the County of Leicester formerly Burgh i. e. a Bulwark see Borough Burrow Bank in Essex see Borough and Bank. Bursted i. e. Burghsted in Essex from Borough which see and the AS Steda a place and this from the Lat. status or statio a station or place of abode Burton Lazers in Leicestershire q. d. Burton of Lazarus's i. e. an Hospital of Lepers Burton is so call'd q. Bur Town from the abundance of Burs there growing see Bur and Town Burton in Derbyshire AS Baddecan that is hot Baths see Bath amongst the Com. Names I think it cometh rather from the AS Bocce Beocce a Beech-tree and Town by reason of the plenty of Beech-trees growing thereabout Byron formerly Buron from the Fr. G. Buron a Cottage this from the Belg. Buer the same and this again from the AS Bur Bure a Parlour all from the AS Byan to inhabit Bythell a Sirname frequent among the Welsh q. d. Ap Ythell born of Ythell the Son of Ythell which see C. CAburn from the other Caburn a term in Sailing which see Cadbury in Somersetshire formerly by C. Br. call'd Cathbregion memorable for a great overthrow given the Saxons there by King Arthur Cadwan a King of the Britains from the C. Br. Cadwen a Fight q. d. a stout Warriour or on the contrary from the C. Br. Câd a Fight and Gewahanu to part q. d. one that putteth an end to Wars Cadwallader the Name of the last King of the Britons according to
Lloyd and Davis from the C. Br. Câd a Battel and Gwaladr a Captain of War. Cadwallon or Cadwalla the last King but one of the Britons from the C. Br. Câd a fight and Gwallow to pour out as being indeed a most stout Warriour Caeling a River in Cornwall not unlikely from the AS Cele cool Celan to be cool Caeling a cooling from the coldness of its water Caer Custenith in Caern i. e. the City of Constantius Caerderburge see Broken-bridge above Caerdiff in the County of Glam C. Br. Caerdid perhaps q. d. the City of Didius Caer Gai in the County of Mer. i. e. the Castle of Gaius a Roman Caer-Guby in the Isle of Anglesey from St. Kibius Scholar of St. Hilary a Bishop of the Picts that here lived a Monk's life q. d. the Temple of St. Kibius or Kibiopolis Caer Laverock in Scotland not unlikely so called because it was either Founded or Rebuilt by one Laverock Caer Leon upon Vsk in the County of Mown in the C. Br. Caer Leon ar Vske by Antoninus Isea and the Second Legion because Caesar's second Legion otherwise call'd the Welsh second Legion were placed here It was formerly an Arch-Bishop's See but now a poor Village Caermarden C. Br. Caer Firdhin by Ptolem. Maridunum by Anton. Muridunum famous as some say for the Birth of Merlin the Conjurer perhaps it was so called because it was the Town of Marius not of Merlin as it is commonly taken to be it being long before Merlin's time by the Romans called Maridunum and by the Welsh Caermarden Caernarvon it is thus call'd because it is over against the Isle of Man from the C. Br. Caer a Town Ar at and Von or Mon the Isle of Man a Town famous for the Birth of King Edward the Second Caishow in the County of Bucks A certain Region or Tract so call'd from the Cassii an ancient People of Britain that formerly inhabited this place Caishowbury in Hartfordshire so call'd from the Cassii and the Term. Bury which signifieth a Town Camalet in Somers an high Hill memorable for the Ruins of an old Castle of Roman Workmanship perhaps the same with Caer Calemion or Camelion in Ninius i. e. Chamaelion's City Camb Alan and Camel in Cornwall a River so called from the C. Br. Cam crooked full of windings both from the Lat. Camurus in Virg. signifying a wriggling Current Cambray in the Fr. G. Cambray in the Belg. Kammerick a famous Arch-Bishops See for ought I know from Camera some Court of Judicature formerly held there or perhaps contracted from the old word Samarobrina that is to say the Bridge or Ford of the River Samara Cambridge a City and famous University in the AS Grant-ceaster Grant-brycge Grante-bricge i. e. Grant Bridge now Grant may be deriv'd from the AS Gron a Fenn but this new word Cambridge seemeth more likely to come of the old Br. word Cam whence Anton. in Itin. mentions a City call'd Camboritum then the name of this River and this from the C. Br. Camm full of windings this Davis draws from the Lat. Camurus crooked Cammon from the AS Cammec Cammuc the Herb rest-harrow or the Fr. G. Camus flat-nosed Campden or Camden in the County of Glocester from the AS Camp a Fight or Cempa a Souldier and Den a Den or Valley from this Town our illustrious Antiquarian Camden had his name Camulodunum see Maldon Caninefates an ancient People of the Rhine Adr. Jun. thinks that they were call'd so q. Cánine fratres which in the Language of Friezeland signifies Cony-catchers for certain it is that Country affords plenty of them Cannington in Somersetshire call'd Cannings and Wincanton as also Cangton and Caing-sham from the Cangi a small People of the Belgick-Brit that came and dwelt here Canotwood in Staffordshire commonly call'd Cankwood perhaps q. d. the Wood of King Canute Canterbury in the County of Kent a famous City formerly the Metropolis of the Kings of Kent AS CantÆ¿ara Birig formerly in the Lat. called Durovernum Darvernum these from the C. Br. Dwr and Whern a fierce water or River By Nenn. it was called Caer Cent that is the City of Kent Cantire in Scotland or Can Tire i. e. a Corner or head of Land. Canâ—low i. e. de Cante-lupo Fr. G. Chante-loup an howling Wolf. Cantred in Caern a Tract wherein are comprised an hundred Villages from the C. Br. Cant an hundred Capell Camden saith that it is the same with Chappell yet I had rather draw it from the Fr. G. Chapeau It. Capello a Cap or Hat. Cardigan by the C. Br. Aber Tivi i. e. the mouth of the River Tivi not unlikely from Caer and Decan q.d. Dean's Town Careg in Cornw. from the word Crag which see Caresbrook a Castle in the Isle of Wight remarkable for the Captivity of King Charles the First by contraction for Whitgares burg because it was built by one Whitgar a Saxon. Carew in Devonshire perhaps from the old English word Car a Scar or rocky Hill but I had rather derive it from the Fr. G. Charriie a Carve of Land. Carlile in the County of Cumberland a Bishop's See by the ancient Brit. and Rom. it was call'd Luguvallum or Lugu ballium by the AS Luell as saith Beda which is contracted from Lugu-vall from which Luell and the C. Br. Caer a Town the word Carlile manifestly cometh By Nenn. it is call'd Caer Lualid from the C. Br. Lugu a Tower Gwall or Gwawl a Mound or Trench q. d. a Fort nigh a Trench for there is a Roman Trench to be seen just by the City to this day Carmouth in Dors q. d. the mouth of the River Car. Caroloman a King of Italy from the AS Ceorl a Carle and Man. Castellum Denis in Cornw. the Danes Castle in their Dialect so call'd because the ravaging Danes pitched their Tents there Caster in Norf. by the Brit. call'd Caer Guentum perhaps from the AS Wentaceaster and afterward by contraction Ceaster a Town out of the Ruins whereof the City Norwich was rais'd It was formerly call'd Venta Icenorum Caster in Hunt. formerly Kinneburgceaster from Kinneburg the Daughter of Penda an Heathen King of the Mercii the Wife of Alfred King of Northumb. who here took upon her a Monastick life and built a Nunnery for Women Castle Dinas Bren or Bran in the County of Denb i. e. in the C. Br. Bren's Castle or King's Palace for Bren signifieth a King and Dinas in Welsh signifieth a City Castleford in Yorkshire by Marian. Casterford q. d. a Castle upon the Ford. By Anton. Legeolium and Leagetium Catalonia in Sp. Catalunna It. Catalogna Fr. G. Cataloigne a part of Arragon either from the Castellani an ancient People formerly the Natives hereof or from the Catalauni ancient Inhabitants likewise of this Region or as some suppose from the Gothi and Alani who mixedly settled themselves here Catarrick and Catarrick-bridge in Yorkshire by Ptol. and Anton. Catarractonium in Bede Catarracton from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
famous i. e. an incomparable Swords-man or from the same Dagen and Berichten to instruct i. e. a notable Sword-Player Jun. draws it from the same Dagen a Sword and Bart a Beard Dairell a Sirname in Corn. and Buck. i. e. of Hairell and Hairel in the Fr. G. signifieth an Hair-Cloth perhaps from our word Hair or which is more plausible from the Fr. G. Airelles Black-berries Dallison a Sirname q. d. D' Alencon of Alencon a City in France Damport in Cheshire otherwise call'd Davenport from the River Dan or Daven and the Lat. Porta a Port. Dantzick the greatest Mart-Town in Borussia which as Adr. Jun. says in the Henetian Dialect signifieth a Fort made to keep off the Danes it may perhaps be drawn from the Teut. Danne a Fir-tree and the AS Wic a Fort i. e. Danneswic or Dannenwic q. d. a strong hold among Fir-trees Danubius the most famous River in all Europe from the Teut. Donner Thunder Donnern to Thunder because by its violent running and the dashing of Stones against its hollow Banks it maketh a noise like that of Thunder or from the Teut. Dannen Fir-trees which are planted all along its Banks Darby a famous County-Town by the Saxons Deorby q. d. Derwenthy from the River Derwent In the AS it is termed Norðƿorðig from Weorðig a Farm and Norð Northern Dartford in Kent so call'd q. d. the Ford of the River Darta formerly Darenta Darwent a River Leland draws it from the C. Br. Dwr water and Gwen or Gwin clear neither of which are found in this sence yet Gwynn is found to signifie white D' aubeny Nom. Gent. perhaps from the Fr. G. Aubain an Alien or rather from a Town called by the Fr. G. Aubigny St. Davids in Pembr formerly Menew so call'd from St. David who removed the Archiepiscopal See hither from Vske In the C. Br. Tuy Devi i. e. David's house St. Davids-Land in Pembr in the C. Br. Pebideauc and Cantred Devi i. e. David's Century Daukins q. Davikins i. e. little David Dauney a Sirname Fr. G. Daunaye from Aune an Elder-tree Dauson for Davison i. e. the Son of David Dautry Fr. G. d' Haute Rive of an high Bank. Deal in the County of Kent formerly Dole memorable for the first arrival and fight made here by Caesar from the C. Br. Dole a Dale or Plain lying next the Sea. Debenham in Suff. from the River Deben and Ham which see d ee a River in Ches in the Lat. Deva C. Br. Dyffyr Dwy i. e. the Water Dwy because it riseth out of two heads for Dwy signifieth Two some call it the Black Water others the Sacred Water because the ancient Brit. worshipped Rivers d ee a River in Scotland by Ptolemy called Dea from the C. Br. d ee black perhaps from the blackness of the water thereof d ee a River in Marre in Scotland from the same root Deemouth in Ches q.d. the Mouth of the River Dee Deira in the AS Deora rice the Kingdom of Deira after which name the South part of Northumberland lying between the Rivers Humber and Tweed was formerly call'd Leland draws it from the AS Deor a wild Beast namely from the Forests and Warrens for which this Country is very remarkable Delft a famous City in Holland Adr. Jun. derives it from the Belg. Delven to dig or delve from the great Trench there call'd Delf-haven Dell a Sirname from the word to Delve which See in the Com. Nam Denbigh a County Town in Wales in the C. Br. it is call'd Diffryn Cluyd i. e. the Valley Cluyd so called from a River of that name it may be drawn from the AS Den a Dale and Byan to abide in or Bigan to inhabit Dengy in Essex so call'd from the Danes that besieged it Denis a Sirname in Devons q. d. Dane or Danish or as the eminent Dr. Th. H. has it from the Fr. G. Denis Gr. Dionysius Denis a Christen-name from the Gr. and Lat. Dionysius a Name of Bacchus this from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Gen. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jupiter whose Son he was and Nysa a City of India where he rode in Triumph and taught the use of Wine Denmark Adr. Jun. draws it from the Teut. Dannen Fir-trees to wit from the copious store of Fir-wood therein and the termination Mark a Bound or Limit Depeford in Kent i. e. the Deep Ford 5. see Deep and Ford in the Com. Names Deping in Lint according to Ingulphus q d. a deep or hollow Meadow or Ing. See Deep and Ing in their places Derham in Gloc. from the AS Deor Deer and Ham a Lodge see Deer and Ham in their places Dertmore in Devonsh a barren place from the River Dert running thereby and Moor which see Dertmouth in Devonsh a famous Port i e. the Mouth of the River Dert Desiderius the last King of the Longobardi of Italy by the French Writers he is call'd Didier They may for better sounds sake have used this in the place of the Teut. Theodehr which denoteth the Peoples glory or honour from the AS and old Teut. Ãeor the People and the Teut. Ehr honour Deventer or Daventer a Town in the Netherlands Adr. Jun. wrests it from the Article Dee and the Attuarii an ancient People Dever Rill in Wilts a Rivulet which like the Mole in Surr. runneth under ground and about a Mile further breaketh out again and then runneth above ground perhaps from the Belg. Deur AS Durh through because it passeth through the Earth D'evreux a French Sirname q. d. of Evereux a Town in France Dewsborough in Yorkshire from the C. Br. Diw God and borough which see in the Common Names Diego a Spanish Sirname Covarr supposeth that it is a corruption of the Hisp San-Jago or San-Diago i. e. St. James the Tutelar Saint of the Spaniards D. ganwy in Caern from the AS Digel hidden and Wic Wice a Bay or Bank because it runneth calmly between the Banks or from the C. Br. Digoni to satiate and Gwig a Forest because it runneth through Forests Dilston or Dwilston in Northumb by Bede Deviles-burn memorable for the overthrow of Cedwalla a famous Britain perhaps q. d. Devils-bourn because Cedwalla for his barbarous Cruelty was call'd a Devil see Bourn and Devil in their places Dimmock from the AS Dim and our word Oak AS Aac Ac an Oak Dinham a Sirname from our English word Diun noise and Ham a Village Dinsoll Nom. Gent. not unlikely from the AS and Eng. Ãin Thin and Sol. Disart a Castle in Flintsh so call'd because it stands in a Desart or Wilderness or from the C. Br. Disathr a way not frequented because it standeth in a steep place and therefore hard to be come at Ditmars or Dietmars a People of Germ. or rather of Cimbr Cheronesus Adr. Jun. thinketh that they are so call'd q. d. Teutomarsos the Dutch of the Marshes see Dutch and Marsh in the Com. Nam Dobbins and Dobs a Contract and Corrup of
Robert by adding thereunto the Patronymick termination in which is as much as to say Robert's Son. The Don or Dune in Yorkshire a River so call'd because it runneth in a shallow channel for Don in the C. Br. signifieth shallow Donald a Christen-name frequently given to the Scoto-Irish from the AS Dun an Hill and Eald Old. But I suppose it is of an Irish Original Doncaster in Yorkshire by Nennius Caer Daun from the River Dune or Don and Ceaster a Town AS Donaceaster Dorchester the County Town in Dors by Anton. Durnovaria q. d. C. Br. the waters Ford for Dwr signifieth water and Vara a Ford see Fare in the Com. Names There 's also another Dorchester in Oxfordshire that heretofore was a Bishop's See which by Leland is ingeniously call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hydropolis a Town where there is much water It is of the same Original with the other Dornford in Hunt. where heretofore stood a City that in the AS was call'd Dormceaster in the C. Br. Caer Dorm by Anton. Duro-Brivae i. e. the Ford of a Water or River Dorsetshire from the C. Br. Durotriges this from the C. Br. Dwr Water and Trig an Inhabitant that is to say a People upon the Sea Coast or that inhabit near the Sea. Dort a great Mart Town in in Holland a contract of Dordrecht or according to Adr. Jun. Durdrecht the same Jun. calleth it Dureti Forum from Duretus a Nobleman who perhaps was the Builder thereof and Drecht a Market-Town Or from the Teut. Dort-Dutch or Dort-hin there that way for thereabout is the Ford of the Rhine and a Thorough-fare Dover in Kent AS Dofra a very famous Port of Kent from the C. Br. Dufyrrhá a steep place from the steep Rocks not far from thence Leland calleth it Dorim or Durum as if it came of the C. Br. Dwr water Douglas a famous Sirname among the Scots from the River Duglass and this not unlikely from the C. Br. Dwr water and Glass q.d. Glassy water so call'd from its clearness see Duglass beneath Dousabel a Womans Christen-Name from the Fr. G. Douce-belle sweet and pretty Douze a Womans Christen-name from the Fr. G. Douce sweet Dowgate a Gate belonging to the City of London q. d. Dourgate i. e. the Water-gate from the C. Br. Dwr water and the AS and Eng. Gate Drifield or Driffield in Yorkshire memorable for the Tomb of Alfred a famous King of the Saxons q. d. the dry Field which see in the Com. Names Drinkwater a Sirname not as one would think at first q. d. abstemious one that drinketh nothing but water but as Camden observeth corrupted from Derwent water a River so call'd Droitwich otherwise Durtwich in Worcestershire perhaps from its dirty situation see Dirt and wich in the Com. Names Dru a Proper name of a man Camden draws it from the AS Dru crafty subtile and Nicot draws it from the Fr. G. Dru airy lively but I can find neither of 'em in this sence therefore I had rather draw it from the AS Dry a Magician one of the Druides that were so call'd from Oaks which they worshipped or from the Fr. G. Dru thick massy Dublin in Ireland in the Irish Bala Cleigh It was formerly the Seat of the Eblani from whence it is that in Latin it is call'd Eblâ—â— Duglass or Douglass a River in Scotland so call'd from the greenish colour of its water see Douglass Dugless a small River in Lanc. see Duglass above Duisburg a City in Holland Adr. Jun supposeth that heretofore it was call'd Drusburg from Druses Cesar and the old Teut. and AS Burg a Town see Borough in the Com. Names Dunbarton in Scotland for Dun-britton that is the Hill of the Britons Dundee in Scotland by some call'd Taodunum from the River Tao and the AS and C. Br. Dunâ— a Bank or Hill that is an Hill by the River Dee Dunkirk a famous City and Port of Flanders from the Belg. Duyne a shelve of Sand and Kirk a Church because it lyeth betwixt the Sands of the Sea. Duninow in Essex formerly Dunmawg in the Dooms-day Book Dunmaw from the AS Dun an Hill and Mapan to mow it being a fruitful Hill that yieldeth a great crop to the Mowers Duns Iohn Duns a Scotchman a subtile Doctor those that make him an Englishman derive it from a small Village in Northumberland in the Parish of Emildon called Dunston but those that make him an Irish-man draw it from Donne a Bishop's See in Ireland But what if it come of Duns a Contract of Dunstan Duns a Contract of Dunstan Dunsby or Duncansby from the AS Dun an Hill and Byan to dwell see Down and By in the Com. Names or it might be so call'd from its being the House of King Duncan Dunstable in Bedfordshire from Dunus a Robber in the time of King Henry the First that made it dangerous to Travellers by his continual Robberies By Anton. It is call'd Magintum Magint whereof there are yet these Reliques for the common People call Nine Acres of Land in the neighbouring Field Madingbour and Madningbour and some Roman Coyns which are ever and anon found there they call Madning Money Dunstafag in Scotland i. e. in the AS and C. Br. Stephen's Hill. St. Dunstan an Arch-Bishop of Canterbury from the AS Dun a Bank or Hill and Stan a Stone Anno 937. Dunwich in Sussex from the AS Dun an Hill and Wic a Fort q. d. a Fort upon an Hill It was heretofore by the Sax. call'd Dunmoc perhaps from the AS Dun a bank and Mueg an heap Dunwolph from the AS Dun an Hill and Ulph Help i. e. an Hill of help Durham a Bishop's See according to Camden by the AS Dunholm from Dun an Hill and Holm an Holm because the River Vedra doth almost encompass the Hill whereon it stands on each side But by Somner it is call'd in the AS Dâ—or-Ham i. e. a Town for Deer or from the C. Br. Dwr Water and Ham an Home or Habitation q. d. A watry Habitation Durstede the most ancient Town of Holland by the ancient Romans called Batavodurum some remains of which are yet in the Syllable Dur by adding thereto Stede a place or Town see Stead in the Com. Names Now Batavodurum may seem to come of the Batavi or Dutch and the Belg. Deure Dore a Door it being the Entrance into Holland See Door in the Com. Names Dutch from the Belg. Duytse Teut. Teutsch a German or the same or from the AS Deod Deode a People Kilian draws it from the old word Deudisch and this from the old word Deud or Dud God as he also supposeth that the Gothi were so call'd from Got God. E. THE Ea a little River in Lincolnshire from the AS Ea water from whence the Fr. G. Eau Fr. Th. Aha Dan. Aa water all from the Lat. Aqua the same Eadbert a King of Northumberland from the AS Ead happiness and Beorht illustrious Eadgar that most mighty yet peaceable King
of the English Saxons from the AS Eadrg happy and Ar Are Honour yet Verstegan draws it from the AS Ead or Að an Oath and Gard to keep q. d. one that keepeth his Oath and he supposeth that it is the same with Edward Eadulph a Christen-Name from the AS Ead happiness and Ulph help that is to say Happy aid or from Eað easie and the same Ulph i. e. ready help Eadwin a Christen-name from the AS Ead happiness and Win an obtainer Winnan to overcome or acquire i. e. one that attaineth to happiness Ealdred a Christen-name see Eldred and Aldred Ealphegus see St. Aelphegus above Ealred a Christen-name from the AS Eal All and Rede Rade Counsel Eanswyd Verstegan draws it from the old word Eans now once and Wyd consecrated a Part. of the Verb Teut. Weihen Belg. Wiien to consecrate Earmenheld from the AS Earme Teut. Arm Poor and Held a Champion that is one that protects the Needy Easterlings so are the Borussi Pomerani and other Inhabitants of the Balthick Sea call'd from their Eastern situation with respect unto our England Eaton from the AS Ea water and Tun a Town q.d. a watry Town for it is seated upon the Shore of the River Thames Eay in Suffolk an Isle or Holm from the AS Ea water it lying next the water side St. Ebba the Daughter of Edilfrid King of Northumb. perhaps from the AS Ebbe the Ebbing or flowing of the Sea she gave the Name to a Town corruptly call'd Saint Tabbs for St. Ebbs i. e. the Temple of St. Ebba Ebchester in the Bishoprick of Durham from St. Ebba which see above Eboricus King of the Spanish Swedes q. d. Ever Ric or Rich always rich Edam a Town in Holland rather Yedam for Ya seemeth to be a corruption of the AS Ea water see Dam in the Com. Names Edbald a Kentish King from the AS prefix Ed again and Bald bold one that after fear taketh Courage again or from the Belg. Eed an Oath and the Teut. Bald presently one that raps out an Oath upon the lightest occasion or from the AS Ead felicity and Wealdan to reign q. d. one that ruleth the People happily Edelburgh the Wife of Edwin King of Northumb. Daughter to Ethelbert King of Kent from the AS Eðel noble and Borg a Pledge Edenborough the chief City of the Scots by the Scoto-Irish Dun Eaden the Hill Eden from the C. Br. Adain a Wing either from the Wings of Horse Regiments or from Wings or Pinnacles in Architecture because there are two Walls rising upwards not unlike unto two Wings Edenburgh Frith by Ptol. Boderio which Camden seemeth to draw from the depth thereof viz. from the Teut. Boden a Bottom but I find no such word Edenburg-Castle in the C. Br. Castel myned Agued i. e. the Maiden's or Virgin 's Castle Ederington in Sussex formerly the Haven of Adurn that is to say Adurn Town perhaps from one Adurnus the Founder thereof Edgecomb a Sirname from Edge and the AS Comb Comp a Valley environ'd with Hills see Edge and Comb in the Com. Names Edinton Edinton in Wilts memorable for King Alfred's signal Victory over the Danes perhaps from the AS Eað easâ—e and Dun an Hill that is Hills of an easie ascent Edith Wife to Edward the Confessor from the AS Ead Prosperous yðian to redound i. e. one that overflowed in Prosperity Edmonton in Middlesex AS Aedelinton from the AS Aeðel Teut. Edel famous or AS Aeðeling an Heir to the Crown if it might not more simply be drawn from Edmundus a King and Martyr of the East-English q. d. Edmund's Town Edmund a King of the East-English cruelly Martyr'd by the Heathenish Danes Camden draws it from the AS Erd blessedness and Mund Peace that is blessed Peace Edmundsbury a pleasant Town in Suffolk for shortness Bury from St. Edmund that here suffered Martyrdom under the Danes Edric King of Kent from the AS Ead felicity and Ric rich i. e. happy and rich Edward a Man's name from the AS Ead happiness and Ward a Keeper i. e. a happy Keeper Verstegan makes it one and the same with Edgar Edwy a King of the English-Saxons from the A S. Ead happiness and Wy sacred this from the Teut. Weihen to consecrate Egbert or rather Ecbert according to Camden the first Monarch of England from the AS Ece eternal Beâ—rht flourishing q.d. always flourishing Verstegan saith that it was heretofore writ Eahberiht from the AS Eght equity and Berht propense ready i. e. greatly inclining to Equity Egerton the Name of a Village and for that cause a Sirname from the AS Egor Cruel and Town which see in the Com. Names Egicha King of the Spanish Vice-Gothi perhaps from the AS Egesa dread terrour i. e. the Terrour of his Enemies In the year 687. Egric King of the East-English from the AS Ece always and Rice a Kingdom i. e. whose Kingdom is durable or from the same Ece and ric rich that is to say always rich Egthrid King of Northumberland from the AS Ece perpetually and Frith Frede Peace i. e. one that maintaineth a perpetual Peace Egwin from the AS Ece sorrow or Ege fear and Winnan to overcome that is to say one that manfully overcometh grief and fear or from Ece always or Ecge an edge of a Sword i. e. one that overcometh with the edge of the Sword. Einsham in Oxfordshire perhaps from the AS Eig or Ig an Isle because it is encompassed with Marshes like an Island Eldred the same that Aldred which see Eleanor a Womans Christen-name Camden supposeth that it is a Corr. of the Lat. and Gr. Helena It may be drawn from the AS Ael Eamer all fruitful from Ael all and Eanian to Yean or Ean q. d. a teaming Woman Elenborough in Cumb. Heretofore a Garison was kept thereat derived from the River Elen and Borough which see in the Common Names Elflede the Christen-name of a noble Princess come of the Royal English-Saxon Blood from the AS Eal all and Flede puffed up Elgiva Daughter to Richard the First Duke of Normandy from the AS Helpe help and Gifan to give Ella the First King of the South-Saxons from the AS Ellen valour fortitude It answers to the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ellis formerly a Christen-name now a Sirname according to Camden Corr. from the Heb. Elias Elm in Cornwall with us Elbow perhaps so call'd from its figure as Ancona in Italy from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an Elbow Elmelin in Caern from Elm-trees Elmer heretofore a Christen-name but now a Sirname from the AS Aeðelmaere this from Aeðel noble and Maere famous or from the Teut. Adelmer and this from Adel Nobility and Mehren to increase It answers the Lat. Honorius Gr. Eugenius Lampridius Elmham in Norfolk formerly a Bishop's See so call'd from Elm-trees and Ham which see in the Common Names Ely in Cambridgesh from the AS Ea water or Elige Eeles as Beda conjectureth and is most likely or as some
free Frandingham not unlikely from the AS and Teut. Fremd in the plural Fremden Foreigners and Ham a Village It being probably so called from the Foreign Danes that took Possession of it Frankfurt the Name of two famous Cities in Germany the one upon the River Meyn and the other upon the River Oder from the Franks or French and Ford see Franks or French beneath Ford in the Com. Names Franklin a Sirname from our word Frank which see in the Com. Names and the dim Termination ling or lin the word importing a Libertine or from the Fr. G. Francolin a Bird so called Franks or French heretofore a famous People among the Germans Adr. Jun. makes them all one with the People of Freezland and he thinketh that they were both so call'd from their liberality See Frank and Free in the the Com. Names According to the same Jun. they were call'd Franci q. Fryonci that is to say free from Taxes for that ci which Junius puts for Zinsz is plainly of a Lat. Original from the Lat. Census a Tax or Tribute therefore I think the former Derivation is far better Fradmar an ancient Germ. Sirname Adr. Jun. expoundeth it Frey Meyer i. e. a free Mayor see Free and Mayor in the Com. Names Frea from the AS Frea a Master see Friga beneath and Friday in the Common Names Fredegund the Christ Name of a Woman from the AS Frede Teut. Friede Belg. Vrede Peace and the Teut. Gunnen to favour q.d. a Favourer of Peace Frediswid the Christen-name of a certain Saint not unlikely from the AS Frið Peace and the Teut. Weihen Belg. Wiihen to dedicate Freedstoll in Yorkshire otherwise call'd Frithsocn and Frithstow from the AS Frið Peace and Stole a Seat it formerly being a place of immunity for Criminals a Sanctuary Freezland a Province in the Netherlands in the Belg. Vriesen and West Vriesen West-Freezland to distinguish it from East-Freezland which is in Germany Adr. Jun. makes the ancient Frisii all one with the Franks deriving both from Free and Frank which see in the Com. Names Fremund from the AS Freoh free and Mund Peace it was the Name of Offa's Son King of the Mercii Frery probably from the AS Freah Freoh Teut. Frey free and the AS Ric Teut. Reich Rich i. e. Rich in Freedom or very free or from the AS Frea a Master or Lord the same Ric rich or Rice a Kingdom i. e. a rich Lord or Ruler of a Kingdom Freshmersh a Sirname see Fresh and Marsh in the Com. Names Fridigast a German General from the Teut. Friede AS Frede Frið Peace and either from the Teut. Gast a Guest or the AS Gast a Ghost or Fiend Fridigernus a King of the Gothi Jun. saith that it signifieth one inclining to Peace from the Teut. Friede Peace and Gern freely or Geren for Begeren to desire Geren may have its rise à Quaerendo from seeking after Fridstan from the AS Frede Frið Peace and Stan a Stone it denoting a Stone of refuge Friga a Goddess of the Ancient Germ. the same with Venus of the Romans perhaps from the AS Frig free and surely nothing is more free than carnal Pleasure nothing more indomitable see Friday in the Common Names and Frea above Friling in the time of the ancient Germ. Saxons it signified as much as one that is born free from the Teut. Frey free see Adhling Frith in our Northern and Scotish Idiom is frequently used for Freto in the Terminations of many Names manifestly from the Lat. Fretum the raging Sea. Frithwold Prince of Surrey the Founder of the Monastery or Abbey at Chertsey deriv'd from the AS Frið Peace and Wealdan to rule the word s gnifying a Peaceable King or Ruler Frodoard from the AS Frode Frod weary afflicted and Ward a Guardian q.d. the Patron of the afflicted Frompton in Dors from the River Frome Frumarius a King of the Spanish Swedes from the Teut. Fromm Frommer Honest or from the same From and Meyer a Mayor He liv'd in the year 461. Fulbert a Christen-name from the AS Full full and Beorht splendent i. e. one full of Splendour Fulham in Middlesex in the AS Fullon Ham q. d. Fowl-Town from the AS Fugel a Fowl and Ham a Village It is now remarkable for the Bishop of London's Country-House See Fowl and Ham in the Com. Names G. GAina a General of the Arians often mentioned in Ecclesiastical History from the AS Waegen Teut. Wagen a Chariot or Waggon or from that other Teut. Wagen to run a hazard Gainsborough in Lincolnshire in the AS Genes-buruh or perhaps Geners-buruh from the AS Genes a Sanctuary and Buruh a Town the word signifying a Town of refuge Galliard Nom. Gent. from the Fr. G. Gaillard It. Gagliardo stout or Gallant which see in the Common Names Galloway a Bishop's See in Scotland from the Irish which in their Tongue are call'd Gael Gam Nom. Gent. from the C. Br. Gam Hunch-back'd and this from the Lat. Camurus crooked Gambrivii an ancient People of Germany where Hamburgh is now from the Germ. Gans all wholly and Brauwe the brow or forehead i. e. all Brows which in Physiognomy is a sign of a generous Mind Garagantua from the Hisp Garganta a Glutton Garcias a Spanish Christen-Name perhaps from the Hisp Jarcias Xarcias Cables Garibaldus a King of the Longobardi of Italy from the Teut. Gar altogether and the AS Bald bold venturous Garnet Nom. Gent for Garner which signifies a Granary See Garner in the Com. Names Or it may more probably come from Granatum a Pomegranat Garret a Christen-name a corruption of Gerard which see beneath Gateshead an Haven in the Bishoprick of Durh. in the AS gate-shefed or Heued Goatshead in the Lat. Gabrosentum from the C. Br. Gaffr a Goat and Hen for Pen an Head perhaps from some Inn at the Sign of the Goat as the three Sisters in Spain the Pear in Italy as may be found in Antoninus Gausenna an ancient City in Linc. some Reliques of which Name yet remain in the River Guash or Wash It is now call'd Bridge Casterton Gawen a feigned Christen-name if it be not a Corrup of Walwin Waldwin which see Gebericus a King of the Goths Adr. Jun. draws it from the Teut. Geben to give or bestow and Ric or Reich Rich q.d. a charitable man. It answers the Gr. Eleutherius Polydorus Gebhard according to Jun. Liberal by Nature from the Teut. Geben to give and Aerd Nature Gedney for Godney in Som. from the AS God God and Ea Water Geffrey a Christen name as Camden expounds it Joyful Peace from the Belg. Gaw glad and the AS Frið Frede Teut. Friede Belg. Vrede Peace It answers the Gr. Irenaeus Gelt a River in Cumberland heretofore Gelta not unlikely from the C. Br. Gêl an Horsleech from the great store of Leeches which breed therein Genatrud the Wife of Dagobert King of the Franks perhaps from the Teut. Genad Gnade Gnad Clemency and Reden or Rathen
to speak or consult or from the same Genad and our word Truth or True i. e. submissive and loyal Gensalaricus a King of the Spanish Vice-Gothi from the Teut. Gans all and Ric Rich. Gensericus He instituted the Government of the Vandals in Africa It is deriv'd as Gensalaricus above Gerard a Christen-name according to Gesner corrupted from Eberard which see Or as Camden has it from the Teut. Gar all and the Belg. Aerd Nature Or as Kilian saith from the Teut. Geyer a Vulture and Aerd nature i. e. such an one as hath an unsatiable ravenous appetite this from the word Begeren to beg or Beger Avarice German from the Teut. Gar all and Man q.d. All man see Alman Jun. draws it from Geert man an honourable man this from Eere Honour or Eeren to Honour St. Germans in Cornw. i e. the Temple of St. German Bishop of Antisiodora that extirpated the Pelagian Heresy Gernon Nom. Gent. not unlikely from the AS Georn Geâ—rne Studious Industrious It answers the Lat. Sedulius Gr. Philoponus Gertrude a Womans Christen-name from the Teut. Gar all and our words True Truth q. d. faithful one true to her trust See True and Truth in the Com. Names Gerbas a Christ Name from the Teut. Gar all and Vast Fast which see in the Common Names It answers to the Lat. Constantius Gibbcliff in Warw. or rather Guy-Cliff from Guy of Warwick that fam'd Heroe that lived as an Hermit in this place or from Guy Beauchamp Earl of Warwick Gibs and Gibson a Contract and Corruption of Gilbert as also Gibbons q. d. the Son of Gilbert Giffard a Sirname from the AS Gifan to give and the Belg. Aerd nature i. e. one that is naturally given to Liberality Gilbert a Christen-name from the AS Gealeþe Belg. Gheel Teut. Gael yellow or the Teut. Guelden golden and the AS Beorht famous Verstegan surmiseth that it is so call'd q. Gildberiht from the AS Gild a College or Fraternity and the Teut. Berichten to instruct or from the old word Gild Liberal Giles a Christen-name wrested from the Gr. Aegidius and this from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Goats-Skin also the Shield of Minerva perhaps so called because the Shields of the Ancients were cover'd with Goats-Skins It may be taken from the Lat. Julius and this from Iulus the Sirname of Ascanius from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Down or it may possibly come from the Gr. Gelasius and this from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to laugh Gilimer the last King of the Vandals in Africa Adr. Jun. draws it from the Belg. Guleü safe Conduct Meyer a Mayor or from the AS Geal Gealeþe yellow and Maere remarkable i. e. conspicuous beyond others for his yellow Locks Gill a Sirname from the Fr. G. Guille a Quill or Faucet also a Keel of a Ship. Gillingham a Village in Dors perhaps from the AS Gyllan to make a noise from the parting of some Brook running swiftly thereby Gilpin according to Camden a Contract and corrup of Gilbert Girvii whose Country was in the AS call'd GirÆ¿a-land after this name were formerly call'd the Inhabitants of the Moorish part of the Countries of Norfolk Cambridge and Linc. from the AS Gyr a Fen and Land. Giselbert from the Teut. Geisel an Hostage and the AS Beorht illustrious Gizeric or Giseric a Gothick Christen-name Adr. Jun. surmiseth that it implyeth one Rich in Geese I had rather draw it from the Teut. Geysz a She Goat and Reich Rich. Gladuse a Christen-name possibly a Corruption of the Lat. Claudius Glasnith a Sirname perhaps from the AS Glaesen Glassen and Yða a wave Glastonbury in Somers it was call'd by the C. Br. Inis Witrin also in the AS Glaseney i. e. the Isle of Glass memorable for the Tombs of two Kings Arthur and Edgar and of Joseph of Arimathea and many of the Primitive Saints in England from Glass which see in the Common Names and the AS Byrig a Town Glendal in Northumberland from the River Glen it being a Dale by the same River Glentworth in Lanc. from the AS Glen Glene C. Br. Glynn a Valley and Worð a Court or Hall seated in a Valley Glinn in the Hib. and C. Br. signifieth a Dale encompassed with trees but Glin a Sirname signifieth a Knee saith Davis Glocester a Bishop's Sea in the AS Gleanceaster a fair City not unlike the Gr. Callipolis and in this County are Fairford Fairley c. hence it is in Lat. call'd Glevum or Clevum not from Claudius Caesar as some will have it Godard a Christen-name from the AS God God Good and the Belg. Aerd nature towardness i. e. one endowed with a Compliant and Divine disposition of mind Versteg supposeth it so call'd quasi good heart Godelif or Godlaf Verstegan thinketh it so call'd quasi good Love. It is a Womans Christen-name Godfrey a Sirname from the AS God God Good and the AS Frið Frede Teut. Friede Belg. Vrede Peace the word implying God-like Peace Godmanchester in Hunt. from Gormon or Guthrun a Dane that first of all the Danish Princes embraced the Christian Faith. He here erected a Palace which heretofore was by Anton. call'd Duroliponte by Camden Durosiponte from the C. Br. Dwr water the River Ouze and the Lat. Pons a Bridge Godolphin or Godolcan a Sirname In the Cornwallian Dialect it signifies a white Eagle which the Family of Godolphins wears in its Coat of Arms. Godrich from the AS God God Good and Ric Rich. Godscalk from the AS God and Scalk a Servant Godstow from the AS God Good and StoÆ¿ a place Godwin from the AS God God and Wiâ— a Conquerour or from Winnan to get and God Good i. e. one that is a Conquerour in God or that hath obtain'd vertue Goedel an Abbotess or Prioress of a Covent from the Belg. Goed Good and Deelen Deylen to deal or divide i. e. Liberal and Munificent It answers the Gr. Eleutheria Polydora Goedeland the name of a Country in Holland Adr. Jun. supposeth that it is taken from Goedel the Abbotess above mention'd to whom the Emperour Otho gave this place and so call'd q. Goedels Land. It is now corruptly call'd Goeyland Goff a Sirname from the C. Br. Goff a Farrier Gogh a Sirname from the C. Br. Gogh ruddy see Gouge beneath Gorcom the Name of a City in Holland Adr. Jun. derives it from the word Gorck a Poor man and Home q. d. an Habitation for the Poor but the word Gorck is not to be found in Kilian Gorges from the Lat. Gurges which this Family bears in its Coat of Arms. Gorney a Sirname in Som. from Gurnay a Town in Normandy this perhaps from the Fr. G. Gourneau a Curr Fish Gorst a Sirname Camden expounds it Shrubs I had rather draw it from the AS Georst Gorst Ling Heath Gothi formerly a famous People that subdued the Romans Adr. Jun. draws it from the Germ. Got thienen or Dienen from Got God and Thienen to serve for Odinus that
Teut. Halber half and Statt a City because in all likelihood not above the one half of the Ground is built upon that was laid out for the compass thereof Haledon in Northumb. in the AS Heafenfield the place where King Oswald by a Divine help got the Victory over Caedwalla the Britain drawn from the AS Halig holy and Dun an Hill or the Termination ton AS tun a Town Heafenfield from the AS Heofon Hefen Heaven and Field q. d. the Heavenly Field whereunto Aid was sent from above Halifax in Yorkshire heretofore called Horton q. d. Halifeax Holy hair from the Sacred hair of a certain Virgin whom a Clerk because she would not prostitute her Body to him beheaded She was afterwards Canonized for a Saint It might be called Horton from the Lat. Hortus a Garden or rather q. Hors-Town because good Horses were bred there Halyston in Northumb. q. d. Holy Stone where St. Paul the first Apostle of the North of England baptized many Thousands of Men and Women See Holy and Stone in the Com. Names Hamburg a most famous Mart-Town and Port in Germany Adr. Jun. draws it from the Gambrivii an Ancient People of Germany that came and dwelt here q. d. the Borough of the Gambrivii See Borough in the Com. Names Hampton in Middl. formerly by Leland call'd Avona q. d. Avontown now Avon in the old Br. is taken in the general for a Water or River Hankin a Contract and Corrup of Randal by adding thereto the Dim Term. Kin q. d. little Randal see Randal Or as the famous Th. H. telleth us q. d. the Son of Hanna Hanson a Sirname from Han the Diminutive of Randal and Son that is to say the Son of Randal V. Hankin Hantshire in the AS Hantescire so call'd from the River Anton See Southampton Harborough formerly Haverburgh in Leicest from the Teut. Haber Belg. Haver Oats and the AS Burg a Town or Borough from the great plenty of Oats which the place affordeth Harbottle in Northumberland from the AS Here an Army and Botle Botl an an House it being formerly a Place where Souldiers kept their Quarters 'T is also a Christen-Name Harden in Flintsh heretofore Hawarden Castle a contraction of Haward or Howard and the AS Den a Den Valley or Forest See Howard beneath Harduicus Hardewic and Hardwick a Tyrant of Italy either from the Belg. Hard Teut. Hart hard and the Teut. and AS Weg Belg. Wech a way or from the same Hard and the AS Wic a Fort that is to say an hard rough way or a Fort hard to be won Harewich in Essex an Haven remarkable for a War between the English and Danes drawn from the AS Here an Army and Wic a Bay or a fenced place Harfager Harald Harfager a Dane King of England from the AS Haer-faeger fair haired Harhold a Danish Christen-Name either from the AS Here an Army and Hold an Emperour or Hold faithful or from our Eng. word to Hold q.d. the main Pillar of the Army or from the same Here and Wold which comes from the AS Wealdan to rule or the old Teut. Aid a Servant See Herauld in the Com. Names Harlem a fair City in Holland not unlikely from the Belg. Haer an hair and Leme the Chaff or off-scowring of Flax this City being much noted for the Manufacture of fine Linen and good napp'd Cloth. Hartle-pool in the Bishoprick of Durham by Beda Heorta q. d. the Isle of Harts from the AS Heort an Hart and Pool Harvy a Sirname formerly as Camden saith a Christen-name possibly from the AS Here an Army and Wic a Fort. Hastings in Suffex Camden surmiseth that it is so call'd from one Hasting a Dane a great Robber that either built or seiz'd or fortified this Town Somnerus writes it in the AS Haesting and Haestingaceasten and he draws it from the AS Haeste heat because of the bubbling or boiling of the Sea in that place Hatfield in Essex it is call'd King 's Hatfield from the King's Country-House Hatfield Bradoak from a broad Oak perhaps in general from the AS Hat hot and field from the hot sandy soil of the Ground Hatto a Christen-name Kilian draws it from the old Teut. Atte Father Haverford west a famous and large Haven in Pembr from the Brit. and old Gal. Aber a Port a Ford hard by and its situation to the West See Haven in the Common Names Havering in Essex from aver as before and a Ring which a Pilgrim here gave to Edward the Confessour as if it had been sent from St. John the Baptist Hawgh or Howgh a Sirname yet in use in the North of England which Camden expoundeth a little Meadow lying in a Valley Hawis a Womans Name It is sometimes written Avice formerly Helwisa perhaps from the Teut. Hell famous and our word Wise or from the old Name Hildevig or wig which implyeth Ladies Defence as saith Camden or more probably from the Teut. Helde or Heldinne a Lady and the AS Wic a Fort or the AS Hilde love and the same Wic It may be the same with Heddewig Hedvig which according to Kilian signifieth a Father's refuge from the old Teut. Hede Atte a Father and the Belg. Wiick a place of Refuge Heddewig a Womans Name see Hawis Heile the ancient English-Saxons Aesculapius or God of Physick from the Teut. Heyl AS Hael Haelo Health St. Helens head in Ireland from St. Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great that had a Temple here Helmsted from the AS Helm an Helmet and Sted a Place or from the same Helm secondarily a safeguard and the same Sted q. d. a Fort a place of refuge Helvald or Helwald an Eng. Saxon an Apostle and Martyr of the Frisii either from the AS Hael health and Wealdan to rule or from Hel Helle hell and the same Wealdan to rule because through the Preaching of the Gospel and casting out Devils by Miracles he triumph'd over the Gates of Hell. Hengist a famous Captain the first English-Saxon that laid wast Britain from the AS Hengest Teut. Hengst Dan. Hest an Horse perhaps so called because he had the figure of an Horse upon his Standard or because his Brother's Name was Horsa Hengston Hill in Cornw. in the AS Hengesdoun the Downes or Banks of Hengist a Saxon-General a Place formerly famous for Stannaries or Mines of Tinn Heningham formerly Hedningham or Hengham in the County of Essex perhaps from one Hedning the Builder of it Henry Camden draws it from the Lat. Honore honour and I suppose it is the same with Honoric the Name of a King of the Vandals of Africk Verstegan draws it from the Teut. Han for Haven to have and the AS Rice rich Kilian writes it Heynrick q. d. Heymrick rich at home See Home and Rich in the Com. Names I might also not obscurely draw the Name Honoric from the Teut. Hohn modesty Rich. See Hunerick Henshaw a Village in Chesh that gave the Sirname to the Family of that worthy Gentleman Sir
an Holm see Holm in the Com. Names Holmsdale in Surrey from the AS Holm an Holm and Dale a Valley for it abounds in fruitful Pastures Holm Pierpont in Nott. the Residence of the famous Marquis of Dorset Holm signifies a place encompassed with Rivers Pierpont a Stone Bridge from the Fr. G. Pierre a Stone and Pont a Bridge Holstein from the Belg. Holt Hout Teut. Holtz Wood and Stein a Stone q. d. a Country where there is plenty of Wood and Stone Honnyton in Devonsh so called quasi Honey-Town Honoric a King of the Vandals in Africk the same with Huneric and Henry which see Hope a Sirname perhaps from the AS Hofe an House Cave or Farm. Hope Castle in Flintsh C. Br. Caer Gurley V. Hope before Horden a Sirname Camden expounds it a Steward and derives it from our Eng. Hoard Treasure q. d. the Steward of ones Substance Horn the Metropolis of West-Freezland a famous City and Port Adr. Jun. a Citizen and the Glory thereof supposeth that it is so called from a great Inn in the Market-Place having the Horn for a Sign or because their Coat of Arms had upon it the figure of an Horn. Horn Church in Essex formerly call'd Horn-Minster so call'd because on the East part of the Church certain pieces of Lead jutt forth like unto Horns Horsa a famous Saxon Commander Brother to Hengist so called from the figure of an Horse which he and his Brother had upon their Coats of Arms see Hengist above and Horse in the common Names Horsham in Sussex from Horsa the Brother of Hengist a famous Saxon Captain Horsted a Village in Kent from Horsa the Saxon whose Corps were there burned Hoskins the same with Hodgekins How or Hoo a Sirname Camden saith that it signifies an high place from the Teut. Hoch high Howard the Sirname of a great and illustrious Family According to Spelman quasi Hofward i. e. the Warden of an Hall or according to Verstegan quasi Hold ward i. e. the Keeper of a Strong Hold or he that is set over the Ward or Watch Or from the AS Hold a Tribune and Ward Ward or Custody It might formerly imply as much as the word Marquess which see in the Common Names Or it may be drawn from the AS Hold Hospitality Ward q. d. kind to Strangers or it is so call'd q. HereÆ¿ard the Keeper or Pillar of an Army It may also be taken from the Teut. Hoch high and Ward a Warder as Camden has it or from the old Teut. Hold favour and werd worthy as saith Kilian Howbuâ—n in Scotland from the AS Haeg or Haga a Field and Bourn which see in the Com. Names Howel a Sirname Camden draws it from the Gr. Helius Hoxon in Suff. formerly Hegilsdon memorable for the Martyrdom of St. Edmund a King perhaps by a Metathesis for Haligtun i. e. an Holy Town or the Town of an Holy Man. Hubald perhaps formerly Huwald at first a Christen-Name but now a Sirname from the AS HiÆ¿e a Family Wealdan to govern q. d. an Housholder Hubert a Christen-Name from the AS HeÆ¿e colour and Beorht clear Huet the Diminutive of the Christen-Name Hugh which see Hugh a Christen-Name from our English word to Hew according to Aventin or from the Teut. Hawen formerly Hougen to cleave It may also be drawn from the Belg. Hoogh Teut. Hoch high It answers the Latin Celsus St. Hulda a Prophetess from the Teut. Huld Hulde savour It answers our word Grace a Christen-Name frequently given to Women Huldericus if it be not the same with Ilderic or Hilderic which see I may draw it from the Teut. Hulden to honour one with his Vote and Ric Rich q. d. such an one whose Vote will go far in ones favour Hulet a Sirname from the Fr. G. Houlette a Shepherd's Crook Hull a River from whence that famous Fortification in Yorkshire formerly called Kingston upon Hull takes its name because it is situate upon the mouth of this River where it disembogueth it self into Abus or Humber It may be drawn from the Teut. Heulen Belg. Huylen to howl from the noise it maketh when it meets with the Sea. Hulsok a Sirname q. d. the Son of Vlric or Huldric Humber a famous River where the Tide cometh at fixed times as in the Thames by Ptolemy call'd Abus in the AS Humbre Humbre Ea the water Humber not from Humber a King slain there as is commonly believed but as Somnerus hath it from Humming because the waters thereof make a great huzzing at the flowing and ebbing of the Tide Leland taketh it to be a Contract of Humm and Aber which in the C. Br. signifieth the mouth of a River Humbert the last Prince of Vienna Narbonensis Kilian exp it Vnwert i. e. not dear I would rather draw it from our word Home which see in the Common Names the AS Beorht famous q. d. one that is magnificent at Home or that liveth sumptuously or keeps a good House Humfrey a Christen-Name from our word Home and the AS Frede Frið Peace that is to say one that maketh Peace at home Huneric according to Kilian and Jun. it is derived from the Teut. Hun an Hen and the AS Ric rich one that has many Cocks and Hens See Henry Hungerford in Barkshire heretofore Ingleford perhaps so called quasi Engla-ford i. e. the Ford of the English Hunsden in Herefordsh possibly from the AS Hunde a Hound and Dune an Hill q. d. the Hounds Town or Hill because it was a place whither many perhaps resorted to hunt Huntington a County-Town by Marianus Huntantun elsewhere Huntersdune i. e. the Mount of Hunters formerly Amesbury as it were Arnulphs bury from Arnulph an Holy man that was there interr'd Hurn or Hyrn a Sirname Aelfricus exp it a Corner It may be deriv'd from the AS Hyrn horn for a Corner is generally crooked like a Horn. Hurst or Hyrst a Sirname also the name of a Castle Camden interpreteth it a Wood. It may be derived from the AS Hyrsta Horse trappings Hurstly from the AS Hurst which as Camden saith signifies a Wood and Leag with us a Lea or Ley a Field unplow'd Hussey a Sirname from the Fr. G. Housse a sordid Garment also Housse one that hath such a Cloak on I. IAmes a Christen-Name from the Lat. Jacobus yet more immediatly corrupted from the Hisp Jay me or the It. Giacomo the same and all from the Hebrew Name Iacob implying a Supplanter because Jacob cunningly deceived his Brother Iane a Christen-Name of a Woman in the Fr. G. Geanne a corruption of Ioan which see in its place if it may not rather come of the Lat. Jana answering the Man's Name Janus Iasper or Gaspar a Christen-Name the Name of one of the Wise men that came to worship our Saviour if we may credit Chronology and if so it must needs be of an Arab. Original for the Wise men are thought to have come out of Arabia Iceni a People of Brit. from
Fire happening there or from some Lough or Pool near the place and Borough which see in the Com. Names Louvre a famous Palace of the King of France from the Fr. L'ouvre i. e the Work or Fabrick so call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the Curious workmanship thereof Ludfrid Versteg draws it from the AS Leod Teut. Leute the People and the AS Frið Frede Teut. Friede Peace i. e. one that reformeth the Disorders of the People and settles 'em in Peace Ludgate a Gate of the City of London q. d. Fludgate from a little River that formerly ran under it or from the AS Luc false and Gate that is to say a False Port or as the eminent Th. H. ingeniously surmiseth from the AS Lecd the People and Gate as Porto del popolo Romae not from one Ludd a King of the Britains as is vulgarly believ'd from the Informations of several ancient Chronicles Ludovic or Lodowick a Christen-Name see Lewis above Ludulph or Ludolph from the AS Leod Teut. Leute the People and the AS Ulph Help Luitbald Duke of Bavaria from the AS Leod Teut. Leute People and Bald Bold that is valorous among or for the People Luitbert a King of the Longobardi of Italy from the Teut. Luit now Leute AS Leode the People and the AS Beorht famous or bright q.d. Illustrious in his People or the light of his People Luitgard or Luidhard a Bishop Chaplain to Bertha Queen of France then Wise of Ethelbert the first Christian King of Kent from the AS Leode Teut. Leute formerly Luit the People and Gard which see in the Common Names Luitprand a King of the Longobardi of Italy from the Teut. Luit now Leute AS Leode the People and our English Brand i. e. Firebrand according to Aventinus i. e. One that set the People at variance Lumbard-street a Street in London so called either from some Merchants of Lombardy in Italy that liv'd here or q.d. Lumber Street that is to say a Street where old Garments or such like Lumber was vented in former times from the Teut. Lumpe or the Belg. Lompe a Rag or Tatter Luxenburg a County Town in the Netherlands perhaps from the Teut. Luchs a Libbard and Burg a Castle or City from the Plenty of those sort of Creatures there M. MAb a Sirname also the Name of the Queen of Fairys I suppose from the C. Br. Mâb a Child or a little Boy for those terrestrial Elfs are imagin'd to take upon them the shapes of little Children the better to invite the Eyes of the Beholders Mabel a Womans Christen-Name from the Lat. Amabilis amiable or as some will have it from the Fr. G. ma Belle or the It. mia Bella my fair one my Darling Macquire in Ireland perhaps from the C. Br. Magwyr barrenness Machlin Mechlin in the Fr. Malines and Teut. Mecheln a County and Arch-Bishop's See in the Netherlands perhaps from the Belg. Maeckelen to pass over to traffick to wit from the great Trading of several Countries thereto Mac Mahon an Irish Sirname by interpretation a Beaâ—s Whelp Madoc a Brit. Proper name Camden draws it from the C. Br. Mâd good and the Latin Occa an Harrow Maedhart a Womans Christ Name q. d. Maiden Heart from our English Maid and Heart or the Belg. Aerd Nature or disposition of Mind Magdeburg a famous City in Germany formerly the Metropolis from the Teut. Magd in the Pl. Magden a Maid and Burg a City or Fort. Maiden Bradley in Wiltshire from a Noble young Woman a Virgin who being seiz'd with the Leprosy her self built here an Hospital for such as should be taken with the like Disease for the future Maiden-head in the County of Berks at first called Southealington after that Maiden hyth so call'd from the Superstitious adoring the head of a certain British Maid one of the 11 Thousand Companions of Vrsula It was before call'd Southealington from South Ea the Dim Termination ling and Town q. d. a small Town lying Southward by the waters side see Ea. Maidstone in Kent heretofore Medweageston i. e. Medways Town from the River Medway running close by it but by Corr. Maidstone Mainard formerly a Christen-Name but now a Sirname Verstegan draws it from Man and Heart that is one that hath the Heart of a Man i. e. stout hearted or from Man and the Belg. Aerd Nature Aventinus seemeth to draw it from the Teut. Meine mine and the old Teut. hard AS Hord a Treasure Malc in Ireland formerly Macolicum Maldon in Essex by Tacitus and several others called Camalodunum by Anton. Camulodunum in the AS it is call'd Maledune Mealdune from Camulus or Camalus a God of the Britans the same with Mars of the Romans and the AS Dune a Mount or Hill. Malleverer a Sirname possibly from the Fr. G. Mal evil and Levrier a Greyhound or Hunter Mallobaudes from the Belg. Mael Teut. Mahl a Meal and the obsolete word Behaud an Upholder from Hauden now Houden to uphold Mallory a Sirname from the Fr. Mal bad and Lievre an Hare Mallovel a Sirname from the Fr. Mal ill and Lovell which see above Malmesbury in the County of Wilts built by Malmutius a K. of the Britains says Skinner but questions whether there ever was any such man. By the Brit. it was call'd heretofore Caer Bladon after that Ingelborn then Maidulfesburg from Maidulph a Scotish Saint and Hermit that built an Abby there and opened the Publick School and Bury a Town whence for shortness it begun to be call'd Malmesbury Beda calls it Adelmesbirig from Adelm Scholar to Maidulph and the first Abbot of that Abby Maidulph may be drawn from the AS Maeden a Maiden and Ulph help Malpas in Cheshire from the Fr. Mal ill and Pass which see in the Common Names in the AS it is written Depenbach from Deope deep Becc Teut. Bach a Brook q. d. a bad way or deep passage Mancester in Warw. from the C. Br. Maen a Stone and the AS Ceaster a Town possibly from the great Quarry of Stones there Manchester a rich Town of Trade in the County of Lancaster in the Neighbouring places call'd Mancastle deriv'd from the C. Br. Maen or Mana a Stone and the AS Ceaster a Town Mandevill a Sirname in the Lat. Barb. it is written Magna Villa in the Fr. de Magne ville from whence by corruption Mandevill Manfred King of Naples and Sicily from Man and the Germ. Friede Frede Peace q. d. a Pacifyer of Men or one that makes it his Business to keep his Subjects in Peace Mannours a Sirname i. e. of the Mannors from the Fr. Manoir a Mannor or Farm. Mansfield in Nottingh from the C. Br. Maen a Stone and Field or more simply from the old AS Mangian to Trade or Traffick and the same Field because it was and is a place of great Trade Some report that it gave name to the Mansfelts Counts of Germany Manwating a Sirname not unlikely from our word Man and
it is a corruption of the Lat. Mauritius with us Maurice Mersh Ware in the County of Kent i. e. in the AS Inhabitants of the Marshes for so were the Inhabitants of the place call'd Rumney Marsh formerly named from Mersc a Marsh and Waer a Man in the Plural Wara Men. Merton in Surrey from the AS Mere a Marsh and Dune a Bank or tun a Town Merwald a Christen-Name not unlikely from the AS Mere famous and Wealdan to rule and so by interpretation it may signifie an illustrious Prince or Ruler Merwin a Christen-Name from the AS Mere glorious and Win a Conqueror or Winnan to conquer Mesnill or Menill a Sirname from the old Fr. Norm Mesnil an House and this from the Lat. Mansio a Mansion or place of abode Metaris heretofore in the C. Br. Maltraith a place where the Waters Ebb and Flow upon the Coast of Norfolk and not far from Lincolnshire now call'd the Washes perhaps from the C. Br. Mall corrupt i. e. muddy and Traide a Passage or Ford this from Treiddio to Ferry over Mews a Sirname possibly from the Episcopal seat in France call'd Meaux Michelgrove in Suss i. e. the great Grove See Mickle and Grove in the Com. Names Micklethwaight a Sirname from our word Mickle or the AS Micl much and ÃÆ¿eaht washed a Participle of the Verb ÃÆ¿ean to wash Camden draws it from the said Micl or Micel great and HÆ¿oit which he says signifies a Pasture See Thwaight in the Com. Names Middleborough in the Belg. Middelburg a famous City in Zealand so call'd because it stands in the middle of Walachia Middleton i. e. the Middle-Town in Dorsetshire formerly famous for an Abby erected there by King Ethelstan for Expiation of the Murder of Edwin his Brother Milburg or Milborough the Christen-Name of a Woman Verstegan draws it from the AS and Eng. Mild and Burg a Town q.d. kind to her Towns-folk or it may be derived from the same Mild Borge or Borh a Bondsman in a secondary sence Mildred the Christen-Name of a Woman from the AS Milde mild and the Teut. Reden to speak or from the same Milde and the AS Rade Counsel i. e. mild in Counsel Miles a Christen-Name from the Lat. Milo or from Milium millet as Fabius from faba a Bean c. Millet the Diminutive of the Christen-Name Miles says Cambden Some also draw it from the Fr. Millet as Cicero à Cicere i. e. a Pease Milton in the County of Kent by some a Contract of Middleton Others draw it from the Lat. Mola a Mill q. Mill-Town see Mill in the Common Names Minours a Sirname possibly from the Fr. Mineur a Miner a Digger in a Mine Modbery a Village in Devonshire either from the AS Mod Mode Valour and Bury a Town or q. d. Mudbury i. e. Muddybury See Mud in the Com. Names Moigne a Sirname It alludes to the Fr. G. Moine a Monk. Mole a River in Surrey so call'd because like a Mole or Want it forceth its passage under Ground and thereby mixes its Water with the River of Thames Molesey in the County of Surrey from the River Mole and the AS ea water or waterish Ground q.d. Mole 's Water Molines a Sirname formerly de Molines derived from the Fr. Moulin or the It. Molino a Mill. Molineux a Sirname i e. Molitor a Miller derived as Molines before Monmouthshire formerly called Wentset and Wensland from the AS Went Setas i. e. the Inhabitants of the Country called Went which is a Corrupruption of Venta the name of the chief Town in the County and which was by the Britains call'd Caer Guent Leland draws 'em both from the C. Br. Gwynn white which he might do perhaps from the colour of the Soil It now takes its Name from Monmouth the County Town memorable for the Birth of that invincible Prince Henry the Fifth which in the C. Br. is call'd Mongwy from the Rivers Munow and Wy at the meeting of which it is seated And therefore call'd Monmouth q. Munow's mouth Montchensey a Sirname from the Fr. Mont Chesneux i. e. a Mount beset or Planted with Oaks says Skinner Montfichet a Sirname so called à Monte fixo from a Mount that stands firmly unmoveable or from the Fr. Mont a Mount and Fichet a Graff Montfort a Sirname q.d. Fr. G. de Mont fort i. e. of a fortified Mount. There is also a Town in Holland of the same Name Montgomery from Roger de Montgomery E. of Shrewsb that subdued the Country and built the Castle Born in France and took his Name from Montgomery in that Kingdom So call'd q. Mons Gomeris the Mount of Gomer Monthermer a Sirname By interpretat Hermer's Mount or Mount of Hermer Or Mons Eremitae q. Hermits-Hill or Mount. Montjoy a Sirname q. d. Mons Jovis or Jove's Mount. Skinner draws it from the Fr. Mont a Mount and Joye Joy. See Ioy in the Common Names Montperson a Sirname possibly a Contraction for Mont Peterson q. d. the Mount of Peter 's Son. Montross in Scotland i. e. the Mount of Roses Some draw it from the Fr. G. Mont-Rosse the Horses Mount others from Mount and Ros by the Britains taken for Heath Montsorrel in Leicestershire from the Fr. Mont a Mount and the River Sora that runs near it Moorgate one of the Gates of the City of London so call'd from a Marsh or Moor that formerly was hard by it but now dried up and Gate Moravia in the Teut. Mahren and by Contraction Marn It was heretofore the Seat of the Quadi and the Marcomanni from which last I suppose it had this Name Or it may be drawn from the AS Maere famous for that the Marcomanni were renown'd above any other the Inhabitants under the Empire of Germany for warlike Exploits witness their Conquest over the Roman Empire in the time of the Emperor Marcus and their wasting even Italy it self with Fire and Sword almost to the very Gates of Rome Morgan a Christen-Name from the C. Br. Mor the Sea and Gan born i. e. born by the Sea side It was formerly and not without some colour taken to be the same with the Gr. Pelagius Morice a Christen-Name in Lat. Mauritius this from the Lat. Maurus a Moor and this again from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dark obscure Mortimer a Sirname from the Fr. Mort dead and Mer the Sea. Mortlack a Village in Surrey upon the side of the Thames either q. d. Lat. Mortuus Lacus a dead Lake or from the AS Morð Death and Lac a Victim Mosa the Belg. de Mase and Maes the Teut. d'et Maasz and in the Fr. Meuse 't is a famous River running through Germany and the Netherlands Perhaps originally from the Belg. Maes as Maes-hout a Maple-tree from the great plenty thereof growing upon the Banks of it Mougrave Castle in Yorkshire possibly from the Fr. Moult Grace i. e. much Grace Montague a Sirname q. d. Fr. de Mont Aigu i. e. of the
a Sirname from the AS Wioloc Purple saith Somner he means the Purple-fish or rather a Cockle or Sea-Snail which in Linc. they call Wilk See Wilk in the Com. Names Wherf or Wharf a River in Yorkshire from the Belg. Wervel a Whirl-Pool or Wervelen to run round about Whitby or Whiteby in Yorkshire i. e. a white Town or Bay in the AS Streanesheale i. e. Streanes hall which see Whitchurch in Shropshire from White and Church which see in Com. Names Whitney in Oxfordshire from the AS HÆ¿it white and Ea a Water or Ige an Island Wibert or Guibert a Christen-Name from the Teut. Weihen or the Belg. Wiihen to consecrate and Beorht bright also light q. d. Sacred Light. Wiberton a Town in Linc. from Wiburt Wibert or Guibert an English-Saxon Knight the Builder thereof and Town i. e. the Town of one Wibert that about the year 870. fought under Algar in a Battel against the Danes Wickham in Buckingh rather Wicomb from the AS Wic the winding of a River or a Port and Comb a Valley Wickliff Iohn Wickliff who so mawl'd the Triple-Head that he obtain'd from her the Title of Arch-Heretick from the AS HÆ¿it white and Clif a Rock or Clift Wien in Lat. Vienna the Court of the Arch-Dukes of Austria perhaps from the Belg. Wtie Wiide or the Teut. Weide a Willow-tree or from the Belg. Wiien Wiihen or Teut. Weihen to consecrate because perhaps here was a Temple consecrated to some Deity in times of Heathenism Wierdale in Lanc. from the River Wy and Dale a Valley Wigelinda the Daughter of Pertharitus King of the Longobardi of Italy not unlikely from the AS Wiga a noble Man or Woman and the Teut. Lind mild Wight Isle in the AS Wuitland and Wick-Ea in the C. Br. Guith which denotes a Division or Separation because it is thought that this Isle was cut off and parted from the rest of England by the force of the Sea. Wiggin in Lanc. commonly called Wiggon in the AS Wibiggin from Wi Sacred or Wibed an Altar and Biggin or Bicgan to build q. d. Sacred Buildings Wigmore in Heref. in the AS Wigingamere perhaps from the AS Wine praised Geong young and Maere famous though it may more immediately be drawn from the AS Wic a Fortress and Mor a Moor. Wigod formerly a Christen-Name but now a Sirname from the Teut. Weihen or the Belg. Wiien to consecrate and God that is to say consecrated unto the Lord. Wilberham formerly Wilburgham in Kent perhaps from the AS Wild Wilda untamed Burg and Ham which see in the Common Names Wilbram formerly nam'd de Wilburnham from the AS Wille-burne i. e. a Well Spring and Ham a Village q.d. a Town of Wells as Welles in Somersetshire Wilcock a Sirname from the obsolete Eng. Wald for Wood and Cock which see in the Common Names Or as the Eminent Th. H. telleth us 't is a Dim of William as the Nurse's Bilicock Wilfred Arch-Bishop of York in the year 672. from the AS Willa the will and Frede or Frið Teut. Friede Peace that is one whose Mind inclines to Peace and quietness Willebald in the year 762. from the AS Willa the Will or Willan to Will and Bald Bold Willebrod a Christen-Name made famous by that most holy English-Saxon the first Bishop of Vtrecht and Apostle of the Belgae Verstegan writes it Willebrord or rather Wilberord and expounds it an Active will or Mind for he saith that Berord denoteth one that is Active It may be taken from the AS Well well and Beord Speech q. d. well spoken or from the AS Willan to covet and Breod the Teut. Brodt or the Belg. Broodt Bread that is a great lover of Bread. Willet the Dim of Will as Will is of William William in the Teut. Wilhelm not as Luther will have it q.d. Vielhelm i. e. the Shield of many nor as some would have it q d. a voluntary Defence from Will and helm But as Verstegan ingeniously from Guild hâ—lm i. e. one furnished with a guilt Helmet Wilnolde an Abbatess of Kent in the year 694. not unlikely from the AS Willa the will and Nolde she would not that is one that doubteth in Mind Wilton in Wiltshire from the Brook Willey and Ton a Town q. Willy-Town heretofore called Alan therefore by the Romans call'd Ellandunum Wiltshire in the AS Wilsetta either from the Town Wilton or the River Willy and Setta which signifieth neighbouring Inhabitants Wimbleton in Sur. in the AS Wibandune which Somner writes Wibbandune and saith it had this Name from one Wibba the Builder thereof and Dune an Hill. Wimbleton seems to be so call'd q. Wimble-Town Wimear a Sirname formerly Wydmear saith Versteg from the AS Wid wide broad and Maere famous that is one that is well spoken of by many Wimund a Christen-Name from the Teut. Weihen or Belg. Wiien Wiâ—hen to consecrate and the AS Mund Peace or from Wi Sacred and the Teut. Mund a Mouth that is one of chaste and undefiled Lips. Winanderinere in Westmorland perhaps from the AS Wine Pleasant Wad a Ford and Mere a Marsh or from the AS and Eng. Wind or Winds the same Mere that is a Water often troubled and rowled on heaps with the Wind. Winburn in Dors in the AS Wynburaham corr from its old Name Vindogladia in the C. Br. Windagledy implying a Town between two Glades i. e. two Rivers for the Britains used gladium pro Amne for a River or Brook Winburn may be derived from the AS Wine Pleasant and Bourn a Spring or Rivolet Winchcomb in Gloc. remarkable for its Minster in former times In the AS call'd Wincel-Combe from Wincel a Corner and Comb a Valley environ'd on each side with Hills Winchelsey Old Winchelsey in Sussex in the AS Wincels Ea from Wincel a Corner and Ige or Ea an Isle Winchester in Hantshire a Bishop's See in the AS Wantanceaster in the C. Br. Caer Guent which comes from Gwin or Gwen white q. d. white City because it is built upon a Chalky Soil Windham formerly Wimundham in Norfolk i. e. Wimund's home see Wimund Windogast a Durch Christen-Name from the Belg. Winnen to get and Gast a Guest i. e. one that through Civility wins the love of his Guests or Customers Windsore in Barkshire in the AS Windele-shora so called from the winding of the Thames at that place see wind and shore in the Com. Names Wine a Christen-Name from the AS Wine Beloved Or 't is a Contract of Winefred so was Boniface the Eng. Sax. Apostle of the Germans called in his Mother Tongue from the AS Winnan to get and Frið Frede Peace q. d. a Procurer of Peace 't is also a Womans Name Winoc a Sirname from the AS Winnan or the Belg. Winnen to obtain and the AS Aac or Ac an Oak that is one that for his merits is rewarded with a Civick oaken Garland Winterton in Norf. so called from its cold situation Winwidfield in Yorkshire so called from a Victory which