good collours And this haue I proued it helpeth crampes and sickenesse in the sinewes being drunke in wyne sodden with sage it helpeth the splene the liuer and raines and will clense the secret termes of women and augmenteth naturall seede Ioh. What is ginger Hum. It is hot in the third degree and moist in the end of the first if it be vncollered White and not rotten it is verie good most chiefly if it be conserued and greene as Mesua saith it maketh warme a colde stomacke and consumeth windes helpeth euill disgestion and maketh meate goe easely downe into the stomacke Ioh. What is Setwall Hum. Hot and drie in the second degree and is good if the pouder thereof be drunke is most of effect against the pestilence except Methridatum It is good against poison winde chollericke and colde passions of the heart and doeth restraine vomites The weight of eight graines doth suffice to be drunke in ale or wine vpon an empty stomacke Iohn What is sinamon Humf. Dioscorides saieth there bee many kindes of sinamon but generally their vertue is this to helpe dropsies windes or stopping of the liuer and is hote and drie in the third degree Iohn What is Cassia Fistula Seneca and Rewbarb Humfrey Cassia Fistula if the cane be heauie and the Cassia within blacke and shining that is good Cassia if this bee drawen newe out of the cane halfe an ounce or more at one time and mingled with suger and eaten of a fasting stomacke in the morning it hath power to purge choller to cleanse the raines of the backe it will fret and consume the stone it purgeth very easily and is pleasant in taking and may bee taken of children weake women and sicke men in the time of their feuers the accesse of their fittes excepted Reubarbe doeth purge yellow choler by himselfe two or three drammes may be taken or a little more so that there be a dram of Spikenard or Sinamon put vnto it In Summer to drinke it with whey in Winter with white wine but the cleane yellowe rubarbe sliced and put into infusion al the night with whey white wine or endiue water and streyne it in the morning doth greatly purge the blood and liuer thrée or foure drams with Spikenard a dram or more Séeny Alexandria if it be sodden in the broath of a cocke or a henne doeth purge the bloud and melancholie verie gentlie and comfort the heart One ounce of the cleane small leaues of séeny without cods or stalkes halfe a quarter of one ounce of ginger twelue cloues finkle séede two drammes or else two drams of Sinamon tartar halfe a dram beaten al together in powder these do purge the head mightily to be taken before supper the weight of one dram in a little white wine Ioh. I would bee glad to learne the vertue of Aloes Hum. There be two kinds of Aloes one is named Succo trina which is like a liuer cleare brittle bitter coloured betwéene red and yellow this is best for medicines A little of this being tempered with Rose water being put vnto the eies helpeth the dropping and watery eyes Also it is put in many excellent medicines laxatiue as saffron myrrhe aloes mingled together In the forme of pilles is the most excellent medicine against the pestilence as it is written in this booke folowing Honie and aloes mingled togither doe take away the markes of stripes and also doth mundifie sores vlcers it doeth cleanse the abundance of choler fleugme from the stomacke It is not good to be taken in Winter for Auicen doeth forbid it but in the spring time or haruest the powder thereof The weight of a french crown mingled with the water of honie or mead and so drunke in the morning it doth cleanse both choler and fleugme There is another grosse aloes which is good for horse tempred with ale and ministred aswell to other great beasts as horses the weight of half an ounce and thus much haue I sayd of aloes but if aloes be cleane washed it is the wholsomer many vnwashed aloes wil cause emerodes Ioh. Is the saffron that groweth in England as good as that that come from the other side of the sea Hum. Our English hony saffron is bâ—tter than any that commeth from any other strange or forrein land But to thy question of saffron it hath vertue either in bread or pottage to make the heart glad it warmeth the body it preserueth from druÌ„kennes drunke in ale or wine prouoketh acts venerous iuduceth sléepe purgeth vrine Myrre aloes saffron make an excellent pill against the pestilence 2. peny weight of saffron pouder rosted with the yolk of an egge very hard the said yolke beaten in powder 12 graines drinke in mornings is good against the pestilence saffron planten and iuory sodden The decoction drinke helpeth the yellow iaundeys it is drie in the first degrée and hath vertue to restraine Ioh. We plaine men in the country dwel farre from great cities our wiues and children be often sick and at deaths doore wee can not tell what shift to make wee haue no acquaintance with the apothecaries coÌ„monly we send for aqua vitae or malmesey whatsoeuer our diseases be these be our common medicines or else we send for a box of triacle and when these medicins faile vs we cause a great posset to be made and drink vp the drink thinkest thou these medicines to be good Hum. For lacke of medicine God helpeth the people oftentimes by myracle or else a great number of men should perish But because the almightie God hath couered the whole face of the earth with many precious simples whereof rich coâ—positions bee made therefore bee neither so rude nor barbarous to thinke these medicines good that thou hast rehearsed for all diseases although not hurtfull to some but because many doe receyue more mischiefe than medicine in counterfeite triacles I shall rehearse vnto thee what Valerius Cordus and others doe write vpon the vertue of the precious triacle called Methridatum Ioh. I would be glad to heare of that precious triacle and his vertues Hum. This excellent triacle Methridatum is next in qualitie and vertue to Theriaca and so differ but little but onely Theriacha is a little hotter and stronger against venom of snakes adders and serpents It helpeth all paines of the head of men or women if it be come of cold most chiefly of melaÌ„cholie and feare It helpeth megrime falling sicknes and all paines of the forehead dropping of eyes It helpeth toothake paines of the mouth chéekes if it be put in maner of a plaister or else annoint the pained place It helpeth paines of the throte called Squinancie and also cough appoplexia and passion of the lunges and manie grieuous dolors and pains within the bodie drunke with the decoction of the flowers of Pomgranats or Plantine it helpeth and stoppeth flixes in the Ilias and long guts winds or collicke The extention or cramps be
forth Only except aduersitie and extreme misery all prosperous men haue enemies let this suffice and consider what Galen saith that immoderat ireful motions cast the bodie into a cholericke heate wherof commeth feuers and all hot diseases dangerous to the bodie of this writeth Petrus de ebano The passion of the mind called dreade or feare is when the bloud and sprites be drawen inwardly and maketh the outward partes pale and trembling to this be sides pitiful experience Haliabas Galen and Aristotle do witnes the same The suddayne passion of ioy or gladnes is cleane contrary to feare For the hearte sendeth fourth the spirituall bloud which in weake persons the heart can neuer recouer againe but death incontinent as Galen saith and as we may see by experience As in the meeting of men and their wiues Children and their parentes which either by prison or banishment were without all hope euer to sée each other and in ioy of meeting the delating and spreding of the heart bloud haue cast the bodie into sowning And thus my frend Iohn I do conclude vpon certein effections of the mind wishing doctor Diet Quiet and Merie man to helpe when thou shalt néede For mirth is beloued of musicions plesant birdes and fishes as the dolphins What is mirth honestly vsed an image of heauen A great lordship to a poore man preseruer of nature Salomon saith Non est oblectatio super cordis gaudiuÌ„ c. yet I say The irefull man is euer a thrall The ioyfull minde is happiest of all Zeale burne like flames of fire When honest mirth hath his desire Loue well mirth but wrath despise This is the counsell of all the wise Ioh. I would verie faine know the natures of sorts of simples first what is worme wood Hum. A common knowne hearbe it is of diuerse kinds as Ponticum Romanum c. It is hot in the first and drie in the second degrée and it is verie bitter and being dried kéepeth clothes from wormes and mothes and the sirop thereof eaten before wine preserueth men from drunkennesse if it bee sodden in vineger it will helpe the sores that bréedes in the eares being laid warme vpon it is good to be drunke agaynst Appoplexia and Opthalmia Which is a sicknes of the eye is greatly helped with the wormwood if it be stamped and made luke warme with rose-rosewater and laid vpon the eie and couered with a cleane pyked walnut shell the syrop helpeth the bloodie flixe it doeth helpe a colde stomacke if it be drunke ten dayes togither euerie morning two spoonefull of the syrop is good against the dropsie euerie day drunke two ounces fasting and thus saith Auicen figges cocle wormwood nitre stamped togither made in a plaister is good against the disease of the splene and also killeth wormes in the bellie vsed in the foresayde maner one dram of the powder may bee drunke at once in wine it hath manie mo goodly vertues Iohn What is the properties of Annis seedes Hum. It is much like vnto fennell séede and is called Roman fennel that is warme and swéete and hote in the second and drie in the third degrée the new séedes are the best It ingendereth vitall séede openeth the stopping of the reines and matrix being drunke with Tysants or cleane temperate wine Iohn What thinkest thou of Mouseare Hum. An hearb commonly knowne colde and moist in the first degrée as Galen saith the decoction of this hearb soddeÌ„ in water w t suger is good against the falling sickenes beeing oftentimes drunke and put a lease thereof into the nose it will prouoke sternutation or neesing which wonderfully doeth clense the veines Ioh. I woulde faine knowe what is Chiken weede Hum. Almost euery ignorant wontan doth know this hearbe but there bee of diuers kindes they be very good to keepe woundes from impostumations stamped and applied vnto them and draweth corruption out of woundes and sodden with vineger doth draw fleugme out of the head if it bee often warme put into the mouth and spit it out againe In this same maner it helpeth the teeth and sodden in wine and so drunke it will clense the reignes of the backe Ioh. What is Sorrell might I know of thee and the property thereof Hum. Thy Cooke doeth right well knowe it and all they that make greene sauce but the description I leaue to Dioscorides and Leonard Futchius not only in this hearbe but in all other and to tell thee the vertue I will it is colde and drie in the seconde degree it also stoppeth it is like endiue in propertie because it ouercommeth choller and is much commended it helpeth the yellow iaundies if it bee drunke with small wine or ale also quencheth burning feuers to eate of the laaues euery morning in a pestilence time is most holesome if they bee eaten fasting This hearbe doth Dioscorides Galen and Auicen greatly commende besides the great learned men of this time Ioh. What is Planten or Waybreed Hum. The greater Planter is the better it hath seuen great veines it is colde and drie the seede of it drunke with reade wine stoppeth the bloudy flix the rootes sodden and drunke in wine stoppeth the bloudy flix the rootes and leaues beeing sodden with sweete water and with suger or borage water and giuen to him that hath an ague either tertian or quartaine two howres before his fit proue this for thus haue I helped many it is very comfortable for children that haue great flixes agues and is a friend vnto the liuer this hearbe is greatly praised of the Doctours Ioh. What is Camomill and the operation thereof Hum. This hearbe is very hoat it is drunke against colde windes and rawe matter being in the guttes the Egyptians did suppose it would helpe all colde Agues and did consecrate it to the sunne â—s Galen saith Also if it bee tempered and streined into white wine and drunke of wâ—men hauing the childe dead within the body it will cause present deliuerance it doeth mightely clense the bladder and is excellent to be sodden in water to wash the feete the oile is precious as is declared hereafter Ioh. Hoppes be welbeloued of the beere brewers how doe the Phisicions say to them Hum. There bee which doth coole be called Lupilum those that wee haue be hote and drie bitter sower hote saieth olde herbals And Fucchius saith they clense fleugme and choller and the water betweene the skinne and flesh the sirupes will clense grosse rawe fleugme from the guttes and is good against obstructions sodden If the iuice be dropped in the eare it taketh the stinke away of rotten sores the roots wil helpe the liuer and spleene beeing sodden and drunke the beere is very good for fleugmaticke men Io. What is Sage for that I loue wel Hum. There be two kindes of sage they be hearbes of health and therefore they be called Saluia this
helped very much with this Methridatū drunken with stilled waters palsies sickenesses in the midriffe the liuer reines and bladder be cleansed therby it prouoketh the menstrual termes in womē being drunk with posset ale If Isop or Germander bee sodden in the said ale it is excellent against the pestilence or poison if it be drunke but a little quantitie thereof according to the disease strength or age of the person It is very good against the stone or for womē which haue a new disease peraccidents called the gréene sicknes there is nothing better against the biting of a mad dogge than to drinke of this and to annoint the wound If it be giuen in drinke to any sicke bodie a little before the accesse or comming of the olde fittes of quotidians tercians or quarteins so that it be drunke with wine temperately warmed This Methridatum is a medicine of no small price Democrates hath a goodly composition of it an other excellent composition is of Cleopatre as Galen writeth An other and the most excellent is the description of Andromachus phisition vnto king Nero but the chief father of this act was king Mithridatus the noble king of Ponthus after whose name it is called Ioh. Indeed this is an excellent medicine but I pray thee where shall I buy it Hum. The blind fellow Iohn doe eate many a flie and the plaine meaning man is oft deceyued There is no trust in some of the Apothecaries for although the vsurpation of quid pro quo is tollerable for their Succidanes yet to abuse their simples or compounds it is not onely theft to rob simple men but also murther to kill the hurtlesse Ioh. Of late time we haue beene so afflicted with sundrie sickenesses and strange diseases that in many places we could get no physitions to helpe vs and when men be sodainly sicke 200. miles from London Cambridge or Oxford it is too late for the patient to sende for helpe being infected with the pestilence I pray thee tel me some good regiment for me my family if it please God that it may take place Hum. I shall be glad forasmuch as thou hast taken paines to heare me all this while to teach thée a pretie regiment for the pestilence Ioh. Reade it faire and softly and I will take my pen and write it Hum. Certainly the occasion of this most feareful sicknesse commeth many waies as the change of the aire from a good vnto an euill qualitie taking his venemous effect of the vital spirits which incontinent with all spéede corrupteth the spirituall blood And sodenly as it were an vnmercifull fire it quickly consumeth the whole bodie ouen vnto death vnlesse the wholsome medicine doe preuent and come to the heart before the pestilent humor And because it is a very strong sicknes it is requisite to haue a strong curing medicine For weake things will not preuail against so strong a matter Therfore I pray you note these six sayings as aire diet sléepe or watch quietnes or trouble and finally medicine First walk not in stinking mists nor by corrupt marrish ground nor in extreme hot weather but in fair cleare aire vpon high ground in swéet fields or gardens hauing fire in your chāber with swéet perfumes of the smoke of Olibanum or Beniamen Frankensence being cold weather And in hote weather roses willow branches sprinkled with vineger often shifting the chamber is wholsom fléeing the South winde Secondly diet moderate eating meate of good digestion as all that haue pure white flesh both of beasts and foules good bread of wheate partly leauened Eate no raw hearbs purslein Lettise yong Lettish or sorrel except with vineger Drinke of cleare thin wine not chaunged and vse often times vineger with your meates and mingle not fish and flesh together in your stomacke to drinke a tisant of barly water rose water sorrell water betwene meals is good eight spoonfuls at once Thirdly beware you sléepe not at noone it bringeth many sicknesses and giueth place to the pestilence and abateth memory For as the marigold is spred by the day and closed by the night euen so is man of nature disposed although through custome otherwise altered vnto great domage and hurt of body Eight hours sléepe suffiseth well to nature but euery complexion hath his proper qualities to sléepe vpon the right side is best euill vpon the left and worse vpon the backe Fourthly vse moderate exercise and labor for the euacuation of the excrements as swift going vp hilles stretching forth armes and legges lifting weightes not verie ponderous for by labour the first and second digestion is made perfite and the bodie strengthened and this is a mightie defence agaynst the pestilence and many mo infirmities wheras through idlenesse be engendered all diseases both of the soule and bodie whereof man is compounded made Fifthly aboue all earthly thinges mirth is most excellent and the best companion of life putter away of all diseases the contrarie in plague time bringeth on the pestilence through painefull melancholie which maketh the body heauy earthly Company musicke honest gaming or any other vertuous exercise doeth helpe agaynst heauinesse of mind Sixtly medicine the partie being chaunged in nature and condition trembling or burning vomiting with extreame paine in the day colde in the night and strange imaginations c. Apt to sléepe when these signes doe appeare giue him medicine before xij houres or else it will be his death Take therefore with all spéed sorrel one handful stamped with Rew Enulacampana Oringe rindes Citron seedes the great thistlerootes Geneper berries walnuts cleane picked of each one ounce stampe them all together then take pure sharpe vineger a quarter of a pynt as much buglesse water as much white wine and temper your sayde receytes with these licours Then put in two ounces of pure Methridatum and romachi which is an excellent triacle and two drams weight of the powder of pure Bolearmein mingle them all togither in a verie close vessell and giue the pacient a spoonefull or more next his heart and etfsoones asmuch more let them that take this not sléepe during twētie hours or else take pure triacle and setwel mingled in posset ale made with white wine wherein sorrel hath boyled a good draught and let an expert Chirurgion let the pacient bloud vpon the middle veine called Mediana or the heart veine Basilica a good quantitie according to the strength and age of the pacient except women with childe and children For the retaining the said bloud would all turne to venom and incurable poison And note this that blood bee lette vpon the same side that the sore doth appeare If any appeare for many causes and sléep not viij houres after and vse this most excellent pill oftentimes Take pure aloes epatik and myrre well washed in cleane water or rose water of each 2. drams and one dram of the powder
The Gouernment of Health A Treatise written by William Bullein for the especiall good and healthfull preseruation of mans bodie from all noysome diseases proceeding by the excesse of euill diet and other infirmities of Nature full of excellent medicines and wise counsels for conseruation of health in men women and children Both pleasant and profitable to the industrious Reader LONDON Printed by Valentine Sims dwelling in Adling street at the signe of the white Swan neare Bainards castel 1595. To the right worshipfull sir Thomas Hilton knight Baron of Hilton and Captaine of the king and Queens maiesties castel of Tinmouth William Bullein wisheth encrease of worship and health QVintus Curtius the famous writer of the great battels that king Alexander the sonne of Philip of Macedonie had agaynst the most noble and rich king of the Medes and Persians called Darius right worshipful sir declareth that when one Philip the Phisition vnto the said king Alexander and his most trustie subiect by sodain chaunce the king fell sore sicke to the great heauines of all his royall armie at which time with all speede this phisition did prepare a medicine most excellent for his souereigne Lord whom he so dearely loued to this end that the great vertue thereof might preuent his present sicknesse and immenent danger but malicious spite that wretched enemie which neuer sleepeth but watcheth euer to bring vertue and good fame to destruction Immediatly before this gentle Philip did present himselfe vnto the king with his medicine Letters were sent to king Alexander containing that the said Philip was corrupted so with money from king Darius that he had put most deadly poison and vncurable venom into Alexanders medicin The king perusing the letters kept them secret vntill he had drunke his medicin and immediatly hee tooke his phisition by the hand and deliuered him the letters that he might reade them hauing in him so great confidence that he did in no maner of case mistrust him The cause why I haue alledged this most worthy prince king Alexander and his excellent phisition Philip is to declare the great trust in the one and the fidelitie in the other not forgetting the shamelesse conditions of the flattering Parasites which euer walke with two faces in one hood bearing fire in the one hand and water in the other sowers of discord reapers of mischiefe which be alwayes enemies vnto the disciples of Philip whose venemous stings can not hurt them which euer haue in store the precious Iewell of pacience and arme themselues to doe good to euerie good man for the preseruation of their liues by the true rules of the Gouernment of health which here I am so bold to present vnto your worship For whereas there lacketh gouernment in a common wealth the people doe eftsoones fall into ruine The ships that lacke good gouernance oftentimes be cast away vpon sands and rocks And therefore there is nothing vnder heauen that hath life but if it lacke good gouernment it will quickly fall into vtter decay For like as the Creator of all things hath formed the bodies of all men into the goodliest shapes of euery liuing thing that euer was or euer shall be euen so hee hath ordained for man hearbes fruits rootes seeds plants gums oyles precious stones beasts foules fishes for the preseruation of health to be moderately vsed with discretion which peserueth the bodie in good estate without whose vertues the bodies cannot liue for they bee the nourishers of life But misusing or abusing them bringeth to the bodie many diseases as rheumes cathers dropsies impostumes gowts flixes opilations vertigoes blindnesse ruptures fransies with many mo noisome diseases which come thorowe the corruption of meats and ill aire For what auaileth riches honours costly buildings faire apparell with all the pompe of this worlde and to bee honoured of the people and in the meane time to bee eaten with wormes in the breast or in the bellie consumed with Agues tormented with gowtes sorenesse bone-ach c. Well I thinke an whole Codrus is better than a sicke Mydas And seeing that to possesse health is better than to gouerne golde insomuch that health maketh men more happie stronger and quieter than all maner of riches lacking health as example Great princes noble men men of great substance when they be wrapped and enclosed with many and sundry sicknesses and in dayly daungers of death in their extreme paines and passions they do more greatly couet one drop of health than a whole tunne of gold crying out for the helpe and counsell of the Phisition Whom Iesus Siracke in his godly booke did counsell all wise men to honour and whom the almightie God did create and ordaine for the infirmitie of mankinde and also medicine for his helpe and that no wise man should despise them Therefore yet againe right worshipfull knight I shall most humbly desire you to accept the good will of him which wisheth the yeares of your prosperous life and health to be equall to Nestor Arganton and Galen whose liues were long healthfull and happie And thus wishing the dayly encrease of your worship with continuall health to Gods pleasure who euer be your guide and gouernor Amen Your worships to commaund William Bullein THis booke to prayse I will not be curious Let the wise Reader with iudgement discus The sunne neede no candel to giue it more light The Eagle requier none to teach him his flight Ech fruits hath their taste and forth witnesse bring From what trees they came and had their growing So is this worke a manifest seale Of great commendacion to which I appeale The beginning scope and ende of the counsell Health to preferre and sicknesse expell Such matter digesting as they do assende Applying good medicines those euils to a mende With hearbes that doth binde or else be expulsiue Vicious humours to correct and out driue Diseases thus â—anished and health brought in place Thou maiest liue quietly and finish thy race If death then shall come whereto thou must trust Thy soule shallbe safe let him dooe his worst quod R. B. FINIS ¶ A Table of the contents of of this Booke of the Gouernement of health THe Epistle  Verses in meeter against surfetting commending moderate diet  Verses in praise of the Book Of the Epicures lifâ— Fol. 1 Heliogabalus court fitte for Epicures ibidem Belly gods plagued 2 Fruites of inordinate banquets ib. Variety of opinions ib. An obiection against physicke ib. God author of phisicke 3 God ordained hearbs for the health of men ib. The praise of Phisicke 4 A definition of phisicke ib. Sundry sectes of phisitions 5 Phisicke diuided into fiue partes ib. The discription of the foure complexions 6 The discription of the foure lements 7 Creatures compound of mo elements than one 8 Elements felt not seen ib. The 4 complexions diuided into foure quarters of the yeere ib. Meates and medicines bee knowen â— The bringing vp of children 10 Best time
ought to bee twise in the Moneth for the conseruation of health but that which is more doeth hurt the bodie There is another kinde of the clensing of the body by sweating as with hot drinkes warme clothes perfumes made of Olibalum brimstone niter c. There is also bathes and sweating in hot houses for the pockes scurffe scabbes hemerodes piles which hot houses haue the vertue of helping the saide diseases But if any that be of an whole temperate complexion do sweate in drie hot houses it doth them much harme as hyndring their eyesights decaying their teeth hurting memory The best bathing is in a great vessel or a litle close place with the euapuration of diuers sweete hearbes wel sodden in water which haue vertue to open the poores softly letting out feeble and grosse vapors which lieth betwene the skinne and the flesh This kinde of bathing is good in the time of pestilence or feuer quarten in the end of the bathes it is good to anoint the body with some swéete oyle to molifie and make soft the sinewes And thus to conclude of bathing it is verie holsome so that it be not doone vppon an emptie stomacke palsies may come thereby or to take sodaine colde after it there foloweth an other purgation called neesing or sternutacion which is beneficial for the bodie if it be vsed vpon an empty stomacke Twyse or thrise in a morning with a leafe of Bittony put into thy nose it helpeth memory good against opilation stopping and obstructions Suppositers be good for weake people or children made with Hieria Picra and hony made in the length of a finger Scarifiyng or boxing as Galen saith applied vnto the extreme partes as the legges and the armes doth great helpe vnto the body in drawing watery humour away from the body but boxing is not good for the brest applied thereto in hote feuers is daungerous Glisters made according to arte be good for them whieh be too weake to take purgation The maner of the said glisters because they be not here to be spoken of at large I entend by Gods grace to set forth in my next book of helthful medicins Purgations venerous there be so many practicioners thereof that I neede to write no rules but this that affection lust and fantasie haue banished chastitie temperance and honestie Ioh. Plaine people in the countrie as carters threshers ditchers colliers and plowmen vse seldome times to wash their hands as appeareth by their filthynes and as verie few times combe their heads as it is seene by floxe nittes grease fethers strawe and such like which hangeth in their haires Whether is washing or combing things to decorate or garnish the body or els to bring health to the same Hum. Thou séest that the deere horse or cowe will vse friction or rubbing them selues against trees both for their ease and health Birdes and haukes after their bathing will prune and rowse them selues vpon their braunches and perkes and all for health What should man do which is reasonable but to kéepe himself cleane and often to wash the handes which is a thing most comfortable to coole the heate of the liuer if it bee done often the handes be also the instrumentes to the mouth eies with many other thinges commonly to serue the bodie To wash the handes in cold water is very holsome for the stomake and lyuer but to wash with hot water engendreth rheumes wormes and corruption in the stomacke because it pulleth away naturall heate vnto the warmed place which is washed Frication or rubbing the bodie is good to be done in mornings after the purgation of the belly with warme clothes from the head to the brest then to the belly from the belly to the thighes legges and so forth So that it be done downwarde it is good And in drie folkes to be rubbed with the oyle of camomill Kembing of the head is good in mornings and doth comfort memorie it is euil at night and openeth the pores The cutting of the haire and the paring of the nailes cleane keepeing of the eares and teeth be not only thinges comely and honest but also holsome rules of Phisicke for to be superfluous things of the excrements Ioh. The chiefe thing that I had thought to haue demanded the very marke that I would haue thee to shote at is to tell me some thing of dieting my selfe with meate and drinke in health and sickenesse Hum. There is to be considered in eating the time of hunger or custome the place of eating and drinking whether it be colde or hote also the time of the yéere whether it bee Winter or Summer also the age or complexion of the eater and whether he bee whole or sicke also the things which be eaten whether they be fish or flesh fruits or herbes Note also the complections and temperaments of the said meates hot or colde drie or moyst and most chiefly marke the quantitie and so forth And like as lampes doe consume the oyle which is put vnto them for the preseruation of the light although it cannot continue for euer so is the naturall heate which is within vs preserued by humiditie and moystnesse of bloud and fleugme whose chief engenderer be good meates drinkes As Auicen saith de ethica When naturall heate is quenched in the bodie then of necessitie the soule must depart from the bodie For the workman can not worke when his instrument is gone So the spirits of life can haue no exercise in the body when there is no naturall heate to worke vpon Without meate saith Galen it is not possible for any man to liue either whole or sicke and thus to conclude no vital thing liueth without refection and sustenaunce whether it be animall reasonable or animall sensible without reason or any vital thing insensible both man beast fish and worme trée or hearb All these things be newtrified with the influence or substaunce of the foure Elementes or any of them Ioh. Well Humfrey thou knowest my complexion and disorder of my diet what remedy for me that haue liued like a riotter Hum. I know it well thou arte flegmatike and therefore it is long yer thy meate be disgested When thou dost eate fish and flesh together it doth corrupt in thy stomack and stink euen so doth hard cheese and cold fruits And olde poudred meates and raw hearbes ingender euil humors so the diuersity of quality quantity of diuers meats doth bring much paine to the stomack doth engender many diseases as thou maist reade in the first booke of Galen Inuementis membrorum cap. iiij And the Prince himselfe sayeth in 3. prim doct 2. cap. 7. Saying nothing is more hurtfull than diuerse meates to be ioyned together For while as the last is receyuing the first beginneth to digest And when the table is garnished with diuerse meates some rosted some
strong trauel soone after meate which coruption of disgestion is the mother of all diseases and the beginner of all infirmities as Auicen reporteth And if you see this will not helpe to disgest your ingorged full stomake then prouoke your selfe to sleepe lying vppon your right side leauing toward your breast and belly laying your warme hand vpon your breast as Auerois saith the power of disgestion is made strong when a man sléepeth For naturall heat that is drawen inwardly with warmnes or heat hath power to digest But if sleepe ease you not prouoke vomit or fast it out and this is the counsell of many learned men For it is no meruaile although many meates corrupt one man which be of sundrie and diuers workinges in the stomake liuer and veine for the qualities doe hinder nature as much as the quantities And take heed these signes and euill tokens be not found in youth The paines of all your members with idlenes and wearines to go or moue your bodie Sodayne great blushing or rednesse in your face veines swelled and puffed vp red vryne and grosse skinne exteÌ„ded or stretched out with fulnes like a blowen bladder and ful pulses small desire to meat il rest griefe in sléepe séeming in sléep to beare some intollerable burden or dreaming to be spéechlesse these be the euill dangerous tokens of replection And of this I giue you warning for it hath slaine as manie by aboundance as hunger hath killed through scarcitie Ioh. I haue heard say that holsome aire is a great comfort to mans nature but corrupt ayre doth much harme I shall require you therefore to tell me of the good and the bad aire that I may learne to vse the good and refuse the bad Hum. Galen in lib. de Sectis saieth A wise phisicion ought to know the natures of men of waters of aire of regions and dwellings generally particularly to thy self being a naturall English man of birth and education this land is very temperat Howbeit our dwellinges in this land be variable as fennes marishes woods heithes valleis playnes and rockie places and neare the sea side But the said Galen geueth counsell in his regiment of health saying a good aire which is pure and holsome is that which is not troubled in standing water pooles Therefore marish grounds and places where hempe and flax is rotten dead carrions be cast or multitudes of people dwelling together or houses enuironed with standing waters whereinto iakes or sinks haue issues or wallowing of swine or carion vnburied or foule houses or such like places be dangerous corrupteth the bloud which is worse than infection of meate for the prince saith that al places of coÌ„cauets as sellers vaults holes of minerals where mettels be digged or houses or wals ioined togither where as the sun with reflexioÌ„ beateth in w c sodain heat whose absence bringeth cold this aire is distempered but pleasant clear aire swéete gardens goodly hilles in dayes temperat when one may sée far off These be good also there be certaine stars called infortunates in their exaltation whose influence bringeth corruption to creatures rot and pestileÌ„ce to man and beasts poisoning waters and killing of fish blasting of fruite in trées and corne in the fields infecting men with diuers diseases feuers palsies dropsies fransies falling sicknesses and leprosies Against the said influences al christian men must pray to God to be their defence for they be Gods instrumeÌ„ts to punish the earth Example we haue of mortall pestilence horrible feuers and sweating sicknes and of late a generall feuer that this land is often greatly plaged withall Then one must make a fire in euerie chimney within the house and burne swéete perfumes to purge this foule aire and now in conclusion to answere thy question for the health of dwelling Auicen saith to dwell vpon hils is cold And in vallies comprised with hilles is hote Upon a hill side against the north is cold and drie Towarde the west grose and moist verie subtill towardes the East And cleare and warme towards the South And Rasis saieth in his first booke Afforien A man dwelling néere the Sea side or great waters can not liue long nor cannot be without weaknes of members or blindnes but the best building of a house is vpon a drie ground and a hill towardes the west side and southwest dores and windowes open towards the east and north east hauing neere vnto the said house sweet springs of ruÌ„ning waters from stonie or chaulkie ground which is both pleasaunt and profitable to the house For Hippocrates saieth in his booke of Aire and Water the second chapter cities and townes which are placed toward the east be more sure then the townes builded towardes the north for temperat aire or winde and sicknesses be lesse And in the said book Auicen greatly commendeth pleasant riuers running towards the rising of the sunne the dwellers in such places sayeth he be fayre and well fauored smothe skinned cleare and sharpe voyces and thus to conclude with thée this shal suffise at this time what and where good and pleasant dwelling is Note also that thou must obserue aire in sicknes as thou must do meate in sicknes colde sicknesses warme aire drie sicknesses moist aire and so in the contraries to them that be sick and they that be hole aire of like qualitie is moist holsom they that haue long sicknesses chaunge of aire is a great helpe both in feuers dropsies falling sicknesses and rheumes Ioh. I haue found verie much disquietnes in my body when my sâ—ruants and labouring familie haue found case and yet wee are partakers of one aire Hum. The cause why thy labouring seruants in the fielde at plough pastures or woodde haue such good health is exercise labour and thy disquietnes commeth partly of idlenes and lack of trauell which moderatly vsed is a thing most soueraign to nature Ioh. I pray thee tel me some thing of exercise Hum. The well learned man Fulgentius saith that exercise is a file and chaufer of the heate naturall which chaseth away sléepe and consumeth superfluous strength Of the naturall vertues redeeming of time enemie vnto Idlenes due vnto yong men ioy of old men and to say the truth he which doth abstein from exercise shall lack the ioyes of health and quietnesse both of body and minde And Galen saieth in his regiment of health if wee will keepe perfite health wee must begin at labour and moderate trauell and then to our meate and drinke and so foorth to sléepe and this is the cause why hawkers shooters hunters and plowmen gardeners c. haue so good disgestion and strength of bodie Who be stronger armed men than Smithes because of the exercise of their armes stronger bodied than carpenters which lift great blockes and masons which doe beare great stones not onely in their youth but such men will take maruellous trauels in age which
Dioscorides saieth that if this hearbe with swynes greace be stamped together laied vpon an olde rotten sore being hot it hath vertue to heale it the seed of this hearbe drunke with wine is good against the beeing of Serpentes stopping of the liuer and bloudy flix Ioh. Some say that the hearbe dragon is of great vertue Hum. The iuice of it saith Dioscorides dropped into the eie doth clense it and giueth much might vnto the eies of them which haue darke sightes the water of this hearbe hath vertue against the pestilence If it be drunke blood warm with Uenice triacle the sauor of this hearbe is hurtfull to a woman newly conceyued with child Plinie saith that who so beareth this hearbe vpon them no venemous serpent will doe them harme This hearbe is hot and drie Ioh. There is a very sweete flower called a Violet is it so profitable as it is pleasant Hum. Simeon Sethi reporteth that it doth helpe against hote inflamations of the guts head and stomacke if the cause be of burning choler Either the water sirop or conserue of the said Uiolets either eaten or drunke in the time of any hot passion But vndoubttedly it offendeth the heart because of the coldnesse the sauour of the flowers be pleasant the oile that is made of this hearbe hath vertue to bring quiet sléepes to them which haue grieuous hot paine in the head Ioh. What is the vertu of the pleasant white lillie Hum. Dioscorides saith that the oyle of Lillies doeth mollifie the Synewes and the mouth of the matrixe the iuice of Lillies Uineger and Honie sodden in a brasen vessell doeth make an oyntment to heale both new and olde wounds If the roote bée rosted and stamped with roses it maketh a healing plaister agaynst burning of fire the same roote rosted hath vertue to breake a pestilent sore applyed hote vnto the sore place and is drie in the first degrée The Oyle of water Lillies bee moyst sufferent agaynst all hote diseases to annoint the ardent places and doth reconcile quiet sleepe if the forehead be anointed therwith Ioh. In the time of the pestilence my wife maketh me a medicin of an hearb called Centauri doth she well or not Hum. Plini saieth that the sirop of this hearbe drunke with a little vineger and salt doeth cleanse the bodie the leaues and flowers be of great vertue to be sodden and drunke against al raw humors of grosse fleugme watry or windy it doth clense â—ruent or bloody matter within the bodies of men or women The powder of this hearbe is good in pessaries for women causing the dead childe to depart from the mother and is wholsome against the pestilence in the time of winter and is hote and drie Ioh. Wee beautifie and make pleasant our windowes with Rosemarie vsing it for small other purposes Hum. Rosemarie is an hearbe of great vertue hote and drie sodden in Wine and drunken before meate it doeth heale the kings euill or paines in the throate as Dioscorides and Galen sayth the sauour of it doth comfort the braine and heart the flowers of Rosemarie is an excellent cordiall called Anthos Ioh. Is Puliol royal an hearb of any value or a weed of contemption Hum. It is an hearbe of much vertue and profite hote and drie in the thirde degrée Dioscorides saith if this hearbe be sodden with honie Aloes and drunke it will cleanse the liuer and purge the bloud most chiefly it helpeth the lungs Simeon Sethi saith if women drinke it with white wine it will prouoke and cleanse the termes menstrual and is a very wholesome pot hearbe Ioh. What saist thou vnto mustard Hum. Plinius doth greatly laud it saying that there is nothing that doth pearse more swiftlier into the braine than it doth Honie vineger and mustard tempered together is an excellent Gargarisma to purge the heade téeth and throate Mustarde is good against all the diseases of the stomacke or lunges winde fleugme or rawnes of the guts and conduceth meate into the bodie prouoketh vrine helpeth the palsie wasteth the quartane dryeth vp moist rheumes applied plaister wise vnto the head Honie and Mustard helpeth the cough and is good for them that haue the falling sickenesse notwithstanding the common vse of Mustard is an enemie to the eye Many more vertues haue I read of Mustard but the occasion of time hath vnhappily preuented not onely my large discription in this but also in many other simples which hereafter I intend largely to write vpoÌ„ it if it please God to permit me Ioh. They say that Buglos is verie wholesome Hum. It is an hearbe most temperate betwéene hote and colde of an excellent vertue a comforter of the heart a purger of melancholy a quieter of the frenzie a purger of the vrine holsome to be drunk in wine but most effectual in sirup Dioscorides and Galen doth greatly commend this hearb and that doth dayly experience well proue Iohn What is thy minde of sweete Basill Hum. This hearbe is warme in the second degree hauing the vertue of moystnesse and if it be sodden in wine with Spicknard and drunke it is good agaynst dropsies windes fleugme coldnesse of the heart hardnesse of the stomacke the sauour of Basill doeth comfort the braine and heart the vse of this hearbe in meates doeth decay the sight Ioh. The plaine people of the countrey will say that those flowers which bee pleasant in smelling bee oftentimes vnwholsom in working the rose is pleasant in sense what is it in vertue Hum. It hath an odour most pleasant and hath vertue to coole and bind The water is good to make Manus Christi and many other goodly cordials Roses and vineger applied vnto the forehead doe bring sléepe conserue of Roses haue vertue to quench burning choler and to stay the rage of a hote feuer Oyle of Roses Uineger and the white of an egge beaten together doth not onely quench sacra ignis but also bring a madde man into quietnesse if his foreheade bee well annoynted therewith after the recept of Pilles of Chochi in the time of the Pestilence there is nothing more comfortable than the sauour of roses Ioh. What saiest thou of Sauerie Hum. It is hote and drie in the third degrée if the gréene hearbe bee sodden in water or white wine and drunke these be his vertues to make the liuer sort to cleanse dropsies colde coughes cleanseth womens diseases and separateth the dead child from the mother as Dioscorides Galen saith Also Germander is not much vnlike the vertue of this hearbe Ioh. But for troubling of you I would be glad to know your minde of Time and of a few other hearbes Hum. It is vehement of heat with drinesse in the third degrée Dioscorides saith if it be drunk with vineger and salt it purgeth fleugme sodden with hony or meide it hath vertue to cleanse the lunges breast matrix reynes and bladder and killeth
The common eating of them is ill for chollericke persons with red faces for feare of Leprosie therefore cut off the feete wings and head of your Pigions or Doues for their bloud is that which is so venemous they be best in the spring time and haruest And Isack saith because they are so lyghtly conuerted into choller they did commaunde in the old time that they should be eaten with sharp Uineger Pâ—rslein Coucombers or Sitron Roosted Pigions be best The bloud that commeth out of the right wing dropped into ones eye doth mightely help the eie if it swelleth or pricketh And thus much haue I spoken of Pigions or Doues Ioh. What is the flesh of Pecockes Hum. Simon Sithy saieth it is raw flesh and hard of disgestion vnles it be verie fat But if it be fatte it helpeth the plurisie Haliabas saith that both swans Cranes Pecockes 〈◊〉 any great foules must after they be killed be hanged vp by the necks two or three daies with a stone weying at their feete as the weather will serue and then dressed and eaten Prouided that good Wine bee drunken after them Iohn What is the flesh of cranes Humfrey Simeon Sethi saieth their flesh is hote and drie the young are good but the olde doeth encrease melancholy they doe ingender seede of generation and being tenderly rosted doth help to cleare the voice and cleanse the pipe of the lungs Iohn What is swanne Hum. Euery grose fowle is chollericke hard of disgestion the signets bee better than the old swans if their galantines be well made it helpeth to disgest their flesh Iohn What is the flesh of herons bittors and shouellers Humfrey These fowles bee fishers and be very rawe and fleugmaticke like vnto the meate whereof they are fedde the young be best and ought to bee eaten with pepper synnamom sugar and ginger and drinke wine after them for good digestion and thus do for al water foules Iohn What bee partriches fesants quailes larkes sparrowes plouer and blacke birds Hum. Partriches doth binde the belly and doth nourish much The cockes be better than the hen birds they doe drie vp fleugme and corruption in the stomacke a fesant is the best of all flesh for his sweetenes is equall vnto the capon or partrich but he is somewhat drier And Rasis saieth fesants flesh is good for them that haue the feuer ethike for it is not only a meate but a medicine and doeth cleanse corrupt humors in the stomacke Quailes although they be eaten of many yet they are not to bee commended for they do ingender agues and bee euill for the falling sickenesse For as Conciliatur saieth of all foules that bee vsed for meates it is the worst Dioscorides saith that larkes rosted bee wholesome to bee eaten of them that bee troubled with the chollicke Blacke birds taken in the time of frost be wholesome and good of disgestion the dung of blacke birdes tempered with vineger and applied vnto any place that hath the blacke morphew or blacke leprosie ofttimes anointed with a spunge helps them The flesh of plouers ingenders melancholy sparrowes be hote and prouoketh lust Plinie doth describe their properties the braines be the best parte of them Woodcockes be of good disgestion and temperate to feede vpon All small birdes of the field as Robbin redbreâ—â— Liâ—ettes Finches red Sparrowes Gold wâ—nges and such like if they be fat they be maruellous good and doe greatly comfort nature either rosted or boiled and thus do I conclude with thee of birdes Ioh I Hartely thanke thee gentle maister Humfrey for thy paines taking in these thy rules vnto me concerning the proper vse of beastes and foules in meates I would be glad to know the vertues of some fishes Hum. In many Ilandes of this worlde nere adiacent vnto the Oâ—ient seas the people liue there most chiefly by fishes and be right strong and sound people of complexion as Aristotle saieth Consuetudo est tanquam altera natura Custome is like vnto another nature but because I speake of fish I will diuide them in thre partes First of the fishes of the sea secondly the fish of fresh running riuers thirdly of the fishes in pooles and standing waters The Sea hath many grose and fatte fishes which be noysome to the stomacke but the smaller kind of fiâ—â—es that feede about rockes and cleare stony places be more drier and lesse of moistnes then the fresh water fishes and doth engender lesse flegme and wind by the reason of their salt feeding as Galen saith they be the best fishes that feede in the pure Sea and chiefest of all fishes for the vse of mankinde But Haliabas saieth new fishes lately taken are colde and moist and flegmaticke but least of all the sea fish Fishes that swimme in fresh cleare Riuers or stony places where as the water is sweete being fishes that beare scales bee meruailous good If they feede neare vnto places where much filth is daily cast out there the fish is verie corrupt and vnholsome as the said Haliabas saieth Fishes that do feede in fennes marishes diches muddy pooles be very vnholsome and do corrupt the bloud they be grosse and slymy corrupt and windie But those fishes that be fed in faire ponds wherein two running waters may insue wheras sweet herbs roots weeds that growe about the bankes doth feed the fishes those fishes be holsom Galen saieth Fish that is white scaled hard as pearches cheuens ruffes carpes breames roches troutes c. be all good But vnscaled fishes as eeles tenches lampries and such like be dangerous vnlesse they be well baked or rosted and eaten with pepper ginger and vineger And note this that it is not wholesome trauelling or labouring immediately after the eating of fish for it doeth greatly corrupt the stomacke and as Galen saieth the nourishments of flesh is better than the nourishments of fish And thus much generally I haue spoken of fish Iohn And thus it seemeth by thy words that great fish that bee deuourers in sea as Seale and Porpois such like bee vnwholesome and that the smaller fishes as codlings whitings plaices smeltes buttes solles pike pearch breame roch carpe and such as doe feede in cleane stonie waters thou sayest they be wholesome Eeles lampries and other muddy fishes thou doest not greatly commend There be some kinds of fish soft and hard which be the best Humfrey If fish be soft the eldest fish is the best If fish be hard the yongest is best for it is either soft or hard Of hard fish take the smallest of softe fish take the greatest prouided that your fish be not very slimy thus saith Auicen in his booke of fishes Iohn I pray thee tel me some thing of shell fishes Hum. Crauises and crabbes be very good fishes the meate of them doth helpe the lungs but they be hurtfull for the bladder yet they will ingender seede If crabbes of
the fresh water bee sodden in pure greene oile oliue this oile dropped into the eare luke warme doeth heale hote burning obstructions and stopping matter that hindereth the hearing As for lempetes cockles scallaps as Galen saieth they bee hard of disgestion muscles and oisters would bee well boyled rosted or baked with onions wine butter sugar ginger and pepper or else they bee verie windie and fleugmatike Chollericke stomackes may well disgest raw oisters but they haue cast many a one away Iohn What is the vertue of oile Hum. Greene oile of oliues is the mother of all oiles which doeth drawe into her owne nature the vertues of hearbs buddes floures fruites and rootes Sweete sallet oile is wholsome to disgest cold hearbs and sallets tempered with sharpe vineger and sugar New oile doth moyst and warme the stomacke but olde oile corrupteth the stomacke and cleaueth to the lungs and maketh one hoarse Oile of roses and sharpe vineger tempered together is good to annoint the foreheades of them that are troubled wyth extreme heate or fransie so that Buglos be sodden in their posset ale or else drinke the sirops of Endiue or Buglosse There be many goodly vertues in compounded oiles both to callisie and make hote And also to coole the body when it is extreame hote as the great learned man Iohn Meiua hath described in his Antidotarii Iohn Wilt thou be so good as to tel me the properties of water Hum. Water is one of the foure elementes more lighter than earth heauier than fire and aire But this water the which is heere amongest vs in Riuers pondes springs flouds and seas be no pure waters for they be mingled with sundry aires corruptions grosenesse and saltnes notwithstanding in all our meats and drinkes water is vsed and amongest all liuing creatures can not be sorborne both man beast fish foule hearb and grasse And as Auicen saieth the clay water is pure for clay cleanseth the water and is better than water that runneth ouer grauell or stones so that it bee pure clay voyde of corruption Also waters running toward the east be pure comming out of hard stony rockes and a pinte of that water is lighter than a pint of the standing water of welles or pooles The lighter the water the better it is Also waters that are put in wine c. ought first to bee sodden ere it be occupied colde and so the fire doth cleanse it from corruption Standing waters and water running neare vnto cities and towns or marish ground woods and fennes bee euer full of corruption because there is so much filth in them of carrions and rotten dung c. Ice and snowe waters be very grose and bee hurtefull to the bodies of men and beasts To drinke colde water is euill for it will stoppe the body and engender melancholy Salt water helpeth a man from scabbes itch and moist humours it killeth lice and wasteth bloud betweene the skinne and the flesh but it is most hurtful to the stomacke but the vapour and smoake of it is good for them that haue the dropsie Ioh. What is Vineger Hum. Uineger is colde and drie and is hurtfull for them that be melancholy but when it is drunke or poured vpon an outward wound stoppeth the bloud it also killeth hot apostumations of erisipilus it is an enemie to the sinewes Uineger and brimstone sodden together is good for the Gout to wash it withall Uineger tempered with oyle Oliue or oyle of Roses and sodden with vnwashed woll helpeth a disease called Soda in the head applied warme vnto the place it doth helpe hot diseases in the head called Soda it is good in sauce for all warme and moist men Uineger with cleane clarified hony penidies and faire water sodden together doth greatly helpe the paine in the throte or lunges or stopping of the winde and quencheth hot diseases And sharpe vinegar mingled with salt and put vpon the biting of a dog doth heale it and against poyson it is excellent chiefly to drinke a little thereof against the pestilence in a morning Iohn What vertue hath our common salt Hum. Rasis saith salt is hot and drie Dioscorides saith salt hath vertu to stop to scour and mundifie and of that mind is Oribasius saying salt is compounded of matter abâ—â—ersiue and stiptik which matters be both binding and driyng moist humours and is good to powder fatte flesh both biefe and porke and other fatte meate for it hath vertue to drie vp superfluous humours as water and bloud c. But it is not good for leane bodies or hot complexioned people for the much vse of it maketh the body cholericke appeare aged and to be angry The verie vse of it is onely to season meates but not to be meate Much good salt is made here in England as at Witch Hallond in Lincolneshire and in the Shires neere vnto Newcastel Ioh. What is honie or the vertue thereof Hum. Auerrois sayeth honie is hot and drie in the second degree and dooeth cleanse verie much and is a medicinable meat most chiefliest for olde men and women For it doth warme them and conuert them into good bloud It is not good for cholericke persons because of the heat and drinesse They do greatly erre that say hony is hot and moist but if it be clarified from the wax and drosse and kept in a close vessel there is nothing that is liquid vpon the earth that remaineth longer And this precious iewel hony hath beene euermore praysed aboue suger for it will conserue and keepe any frute herb rote or any other thing that is put into it an exceeding long time Marueilous is the worke of God in honie being a heauenly dewe that falleth vppon flowers and leaues as Auicen saith is neither the iuice of leaues nor fruit but onely the heauenlie dewe Wherevnto the Bees come in due time and doe gather the said hony and lay it vp in store in their curious builded houses whereas they dwell together in most goodly order O Bees bees how much happier are you then any wretched man which dwelleth neuer together in vnitie and peace but in continuall discord and disquietnesse as Virgil saith En quo discordia ciues produxerit miserosê Behold what discord wretched citizens haue brought foorth But now to make an end of the most excellent vertues of hony it is good in the meates of them which be fleugmaticke Hony newly taken out of their combes bee partely laxatiue but clarified hony doth binde and dry vp fleugme and keepeth the bodies of fleugmaticke and olde persons from corruption The best hony is gathered in the Spring time the second in Summer but that which is gathered in Winter is ill and hurtfull One part of hony and some part of water sodden together vntill the froth bee all scummed off and when it is colde kept in a close stone pot this drinke saith Galen is wholesome for Summer cleanseth