hurtfull to the eyes and braine They cause troublesome dreames and worke all the effects that the Leeke doth The Vine-leeke or Ampeloprason prouoketh vrine mightily and bringeth downe the floures It cureth the bitings of venomous beasts as Dioscorides writeth CHAP. 97. Of Garlicke ¶ The Description 1 THe bulbe or head of Garlicke is couered with most thinne skinnes or filmes of a very lightwhite purple colour consisting of many cloues seuered one from another vnder which in the ground below groweth a tassell of threddy fibres it hath long greene leaues like those of the Leeke among which riseth vp a stalke at the end of the second or third yeare whereupon doth grow a tuft of floures couered with a white skinne in which being broken when it is ripe appeareth round blacke seeds ‡ 2 There is also another Garlicke which growes wilde in some places of Germanie and France which in shape much resembles the ordinarie but the cloues of the roots are smaller and redder The floure is also of a more duskie and darke colour than the ordinarie ‡ ¶ The Place and Times Garlick is seldome sowne of seed but planted in gardens of the small cloues in Nouember and December and sometimes in Februarie and March ¶ The Names It is called in Latine 〈◊〉 in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Apothecaries keepe the Latine name the Germanes call it 〈◊〉 the Low Dutch Look the Spaniards Aios Alho the Italians Aglio the French 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 the Bohemians Czesnek the English Garlicke and poore mans Treacle ¶ The Temperature Garlicke is very sharpe hot and dry as Galen saith in the fourth degree and exulcerateth the skinne by raising blisters ¶ The Vertues Being eaten it heateth the body extremely attenuateth and maketh thinne thicke and grosse humors cutteth such as are tough and clammy digesteth and consumeth them also openeth obstructions is an enemie to all cold poysons and to the bitings of venomous beasts and therefore Galen nameth it Theriaca Rusticorum or the husbaudmans Treacle It yeeldeth to the body no nourishment at all it ingendreth naughty and sharpe bloud 〈◊〉 such as are of a hot complexion must especially abstaine from it But if it be boyled in water vntill such time as it hath lost his sharpenesse it is the lesse forcible and retaineth no longer his euill iuyce as Galen saith It taketh away the roughnesse of the throat it helpeth an old cough it prouoketh vrine it breaketh and consumeth winde and is also a remedie for the Dropsie which procceedeth of a cold cause It killeth wormes in the belly and driueth them forth The milke also wherein it hath beene sodden is giuen to yong children with good successe against the wormes 1 Allium Garlicke ‡ 2 Allium syluestre rubentibus nucleis Wilde Garlicke with red cloues It helpeth a very cold stomacke and is a preseruatiue against the contagious and pestilent aire The decoction of Garlick vsed for a bath to sit ouer bringeth downe the floures and secondines or after-burthen as Dioscorides saith It taketh away the morphew tetters or ring-wormes scabbed heads in children dandraffe and scurfe tempered with honey and the parts anointed therewith With Fig leaues and Cumin it is laid on against the bitings of the Mouse called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English a Shrew CHAP. 98. Of Crow-Garlicke and Ramsons ¶ The Description 1 THe wilde Garlicke or Crow-garlicke hath small tough leaues like vnto rushes smooth and hollow within among which groweth vp a naked stalke round slipperie hard and sound on the top whereof after the floures be gone grow little seeds made vp in a round cluster like small kernels hauing the smell and taste of Garlick In stead of a root there is a bulbe or round head without any cloues at all 2 Ramsons do send forth two or three broad longish leaues sharpe pointed smooth and of a light greene colour The stalke is a span high smooth and slender bearing at the top a cluster of white star-fashioned floures In stead of a root it hath a long slender bulbe which sendeth downe a multitude of strings and is couered with skinnes or thicke coats †1 Allium syluestre Crow Garlicke 2 Allium vrsinum Ramsons ¶ The Time They spring vp in Aprill and May. Their seed is ripe in August ¶ The Place The Crow Garlicke groweth in fertile pastures in all parts of England I found it in great plentie in the fields called the Mantels on the backside of Islington by London Ramsons grow in the Woods and borders of fields vnder hedges among the bushes I found it in the next field vnto Boobies barne vnder that hedge that bordereth vpon the lane and also vpon the left hand vnder an hedge adioyning to a lane that leadeth to Hampsted both places neere London ¶ The Names Both of them be wilde Garlicke and may be called in Latine Alliua syluestria in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The first by 〈◊〉 and Lobell is called Allium syluestretenuifolium Ramsons are named of the later practioners Allium Vrsinum or Beares Garlicke Allium latifolium and Moly Hippocraticum in English Ramsons Ramsies and Buckrams ¶ The Nature The temperatures of these wilde Garlickes are referred vnto those of the gardens ¶ The Vertues Wilde Garlicke or Crow-Garlicke as Galen saith is stronger and of more force than the garden Garlicke The leaues of Ramsons be stamped and eaten of diuers in the Low-countries with fish for a sauce euen as we do eate greene-sauce made with sorrell The same leaues may very well be eaten in April and May with butter of such as are of a strong constitution and labouring men The distilled water drunke breaketh the stone and driueth it forth and prouoketh vrine CHAP. 99. Of Mountaine Garlicks 1 Scorodoprasum Great mountaine Garlicke ‡ 2 Scorodoprasum primum Clusij Clusius his great mountaine Garlicke ¶ The Description 1 2 THe great Mountaine Garlicke hath long and broad leaues like those of Leekes but much greater and longer embracing or clasping about a great thicke stalke soft and full of juyce bigger than a mans finger and 〈◊〉 toward the top vpon which is set a great head bigger than a tennise ball couered with a skinne after the manner of an Onion The skinne when it commeth to perfection breaketh and discouereth a great multitude of whitish floures which being past blacke seeds follow inclosed in a three cornered huske The root is 〈◊〉 of the bignesse of a great Onion The whole plant smelleth very strong like vnto Garlicke and is in shew a Leeke whereupon it was called Scorodoprasum as if we should say Garlicke Leeke participating of the Leeke and Garlicke or rather a degenerate Garlicke growne monstrous ‡ I cannot certainely determine what difference there may be betweene the 〈◊〉 expressed by the first figure which is our Authors and the second figure which is taken out of Clusius Now the historie which Clusius giues vs to the second the same is out of him giuen by our Author to the
bended round and laced or as it were wouen one with another looking very beautifully like to Crimson veluet this is seldome to be found with vs but for the beauties sake is kept in the Gardens of Italy whereas the women esteemed it not only for the comelinesse and beautious aspect 1 Atriplex satiua alba White Orach †2 Atriplex satiua 〈◊〉 Purple Orach 3 Atriplex 〈◊〉 siue Polyspermon Wilde Orach or All-seed †4 Atriplex marina Sea Orach ¶ The Place and Time These pleasant floures are sowen in gardens especially for their great beauty They floure in August and continue flourishing till the frost ouertake them at what time they perish But the Floramor would be sowne in a bed of hot horse-dung with some earth strewed thereon in the end of March and ordered as we doe muske Melons and the like ¶ The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it doth not wither and wax old in Latin Amaranthus purpureus in Duch Samatbluomen in Italian Fior velluto in French Passe velours in English floure Gentie purple Veluet floure Floramor and of some floure Velure ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Most attribute to floure Gentle a binding faculty with a cold and dry temperature It is reported they stop all kinds of bleeding which is not manifest by any apparantquality in them except peraduenture by the colour only that the red eares haue for some are of opinion that all red things stanch bleeding in any part of the body because some things as Bole armoniacke sanguis Draconis terra Sigillata and such like of red colour doe stop bloud But Galen lib. 2. 4. de simp. facult plainly sheweth that there can be no certainty gathered from the colours touching the vertues of simple and compound medicines wherefore they are ill persuaded that thinke the floure Gentle to stanch bleeding to stop the laske or bloody flix because of the colour only if they had no other reason to induce them thereto CHAP. 45. Of Orach ¶ The Description 1 THe Garden white Orach hath an high and 〈◊〉 stalke with broad sharpe pointed leaues like those of Blite yet 〈◊〉 and softer The floures are small and yellow growing in clusters the seed round and like a leafe 〈◊〉 with a thin skin or filme and groweth in clusters The root is wooddy and fibrous the leaues and stalkes at the first are of a glittering gray colour and sprinkled as it were with a meale or floure 2 This differs from the former only in that it is of an ouerworne purple colour ‡ 3 This might more fitly haue beene placed amongst the Blites yet finding the figure here though a contrary discription I haue let it inioy the place It hath a white and slender root and it is somewhat like yet lesse then the Blite with narrow leaues somewhat resembling Basill it hath aboundance of small floures which are succeeded by a numerous sort of seeds which are blacke and shining ‡ 4 There is a wilde kinde growing neere the sea which hath pretty broad leaues cut deepely about the edges sharpe pointed and couered ouer with a certaine mealinesse so that the whole plant as well leaues as stalkes and floures looke of an hoary or gray colour The stalks lye spred on the shore or Beach whereas it vsually growes ‡ 5 The common wilde Orach hath leaues vnequally sinuated or cut in somewhat after the manner of an oaken leafe and commonly of an ouerworne grayish colour the floures and seeds are much like those of the garden but much lesse 6 This is like the last described but the leaues are lesser and not so much diuided the seeds grow also in the same manner as those of the precedent 7 This also in the face and manner of growing is like those already described but the leaues are long and narrow sometimes a little notched and from the shape of the leafe Lobell called it Atriplex Syluestris polygoni aut Helxines folio 8 This elegant Orach hath a single and small root putting forth a few fibers the stalkes are some foot high diuided into many branches and lying along vpon the ground and vpon these grow leaues at certaine spaces whitish and vnequally diuided somewhat after the manner of the wilde Orach about the stalke or setting on of the leaues grow as it were little berries somewhat like a little mulberry and when these come to ripenesse they are of an elegant red colour and make a fine shew The seed is small round and ash coloured ‡ ¶ The Place The Garden Oraches grow in most gardens The wilde Oraches grow neere paths 〈◊〉 and ditch sides but most commonly about dung-hils and such fat places Sea Orach I haue 〈◊〉 at Queeneborough as also at Margate in the I le of Thanet and most places about the sea side ‡ The eighth groweth only in some choice gardens I haue seen it diuers times with Mr. Parkinson ‡ ‡ 5 Atriplex syluestris vulgaris Common wilde Orach ‡ 6 Atriplex syluestris altera The other wilde Orach ‡ 7 Atriplex syluestris angustifolia Narrow leaued wilde Orach ‡ 8 Atriplex baccifera Berry-bearing Orach ¶ The Time They floure and seed from Iune to the end of August ¶ The Names Garden Orach is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atriplex and Aureum Olus in Dutch 〈◊〉 in French Arrouches ou bonnes dames in English Orach and Orage in the Bohemian tongue Leboda Pliny hath made some difference betweene Atriplex and Chrysolachanum as though they differed one from another for of Atriplex he writeth in his twentieth booke and of Chrysolachanum in his twenty eighth booke and eighth chapter where hee writeth thus Chrysolachanum saith he groweth in Pinetum like Lettuce it healeth cut sinewes if it be forthwith applied 3 This wilde Orach hath beene called of Lobel Polyspermon Cassani Bassi or All seed ¶ The Temperature Orach saith Galen is of temperature moist in the second degree and cold in the first ¶ The Vertues Dioscorides writeth That the garden Orach is both moist and cold and that it is eaten boyled as other sallad herbes are and that it softneth and looseth the belly It consumeth away the swellings of the throat whether it be laid on raw or sodden The seed being drunke with meade or honied water is a remedie against the yellow jaundice Galen thinketh that for that cause it hath a clensing qualitie and may open the stoppings of the siuer CHAP. 46. Of Stinking Orach Atriplex olida Stinking Orach ¶ The Description STinking Orach growes flat vpon the ground and is a base and low plant with many weak and feeble branches whereupon doe grow small leaues of a grayish colour sprinkled ouer with a certaine kinde of dusty mealinesse in shape like the leaues of Basill amongst which leaues here and there confusedly be the seeds dispersed as it were nothing but dust or ashes The whole plant is of a most loathsome sauour or
as in the Veronica's The root is knotty and fibrous and growes so fast amongst the rockes that it cannot easily be got out It floureth in Iuly 〈◊〉 describes this by the name of Teucrium 6. Pumilum and Pona sets it forth by the name of Veronica petraea semper virens ‡ 5 This Spanish Germander riseth vp oft times to the height of a man in manner of a hedge bush with one stiffe stalke of the bignesse of a mans little finger couered ouer with a whitish bark diuided sometimes into other branches which are alwayes placed by couples one right against another of an ouerworne hoarie colour and vpon them are placed leaues not much vnlike the common Germander the vpper parts whereof are of a grayish hoarie colour and the lower of a deepe greene of a bitter taste and somewhat crooked turning and winding themselues after the manner of a welt The floures come forth from the bosome of the leaues standing vpon small tender foot-stalkes of a white colour without any helmet or hood on their tops hauing in the middle many threddy strings The whole plant keepeth greene all the Winter long 6 Among the rest of the Tree Germanders this is not of least beauty and account hauing many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground of a darke reddish colour hard and wood die at the bottome of which stalks come forth many long broad iagged leaues not vnlike the 〈◊〉 hoary vnderneath and greene aboue of a binding and drying taste The floures grow at the top of the stalkes not vnlike to those of Cistus foemina or Sage-rose and are white of colour consisting of eight or nine leaues in the middle whereof do grow many threddy chiues without smell or sauour which being past there succeedeth a tuft of rough threddy or flocky matter not vnlike to those of the great Auens or Pulsatill the root is wooddy and set with some few hairie strings fastned to the same ¶ The Place These plants do ioy in stony and rough mountaines and dry places and such as lie open to the Sunne and aire and prosper well in gardens and of the second sort I haue receiued one plant for my garden of Mr. Garret Apothecarie ¶ The Time They floure flourish and seed when the other Germanders do ¶ The Names Tree Germander is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 retaining the name of the former Chamaedrys and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to the authoritie of Dioscorides and Pliny in Latine 〈◊〉 in English Great Germander vpright Germander and Tree Germander ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Their temperature and faculties are referred vnto the garden Germander but they are not of such force and working wherefore they be not much vsed in physicke CHAP. 214. Of Water Germander or Garlicke Germander ¶ The Description 1 SCordium or water Germander hath square hairie stalkes creeping by the ground beset with soft whitish crumpled leaues nickt and snipt round about the edges like a Saw among which grow small purple floures like the floures of dead Nettle The root is small and threddy creeping in the ground very deepely The whole plant being bruised smelleth like Garlicke whereof it tooke that name Scordium ‡ This by reason of goodnesse of soile varieth in the largenesse thereof whence Tabernamont anus and our Author made a bigger and a lesser thereof but I haue omitted the later as superfluous ‡ ¶ The Place Water Germander groweth neere to Oxenford by Ruley on both sides of the water and in a medow by Abington called Nietford by the relation of a learned Gentleman of S. 〈◊〉 in the said towne of Oxenford a diligent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 my very good friend called Mr. Richard Slater Also it groweth in great plenty in the Isle of Elie and in a medow by Harwood in Lancashire and diuers other places 1 Scordium Water Germander ¶ The Time The floures appeare in Iune and Iuly it is best to gather the herbe in August it perisheth not in Winter but onely loseth the stalkes which come vp againe in Sommer the root remaineth fresh all the yeare ¶ The Names The Grecians call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines do keepe that name 〈◊〉 the Apothecaries haue no other name It is called of some Trixago Palustris Quercula and also Mithridatium of Mithridates the finder of it out It tooke the name Scordium from the smel of Garlicke which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the rancknesse of the smell in high-Dutch 〈◊〉 battenig in French Scordion in Italian Chalamandrina palustre in English Scordium Water Germander and Garlicke Germander ¶ The Temperature Water Germander is hot and dry it hath a certaine bitter taste harsh and sharpe as Galen witnesseth ¶ The Vertues Water Germander cleanseth the intrals and likewise old vlcers being mixed with honey according to art it prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the monethly sickenesse it draweth out of the chest thicke flegme and rotten matter it is good for an old cough paine in the sides which commeth of stopping and cold and for burstings and inward ruptures The decoction made in wine and drunke is good against the bitings of Serpents and deadly poysons and is vsed in antidotes or counterpoysons with good successe It is reported to mitigate the paine of the gout being stamped and applied with a little vineger and water Some affirme that raw flesh being laid among the leaues of Scordium may be preserued a long time from corruption Being drunke with wine it openeth the stoppings of the liuer the milt kidnies bladder and matrix prouoketh vrine helpeth the strangurie that is when a man cannot pisse but by drops and is a most singular cordiall to comfort and make merry the heart The pouder of Scordion taken in the quantitie of two drams in meade or honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flix and comforteth the stomacke Of this Scordium is made a most singular medicine called Diascordium which serueth very notably for all the purposes aforesaid The same medicine made with Scordium is giuen with very good successe vnto children and aged people that haue the small pockes measles or the Purples or any other pestilent sicknesse whatsoeuer euen the plague it selfe giuen before the sicknes haue vniuersally possessed the whole body CHAP. 215. Of Wood Sage or Garlicke Sage ¶ The Description THat which is called Wilde Sage hath stalkes foure square somewhat hairie about which are leaues like those of Sage but shorter broader and softer the floures grow vp all vpon one side of the stalke open and forked as those of dead Nettle but lesser of a pale white colour then grow the seeds foure together in one huske the root is full of strings It is a plant that liueth but a yeare it smelleth of garlicke when it is bruised being a kinde of Garlicke Germander as appeareth by the smell of garlicke wherewith it is possessed Scorodonia siue Saluia agrestis Wood Sage or
Bizantine Floure de-luce 5 Chamaeiris Angustifolia Narrow leafed Floure de 〈◊〉 6 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grasse Floure de 〈◊〉 ‡ 7 Iris flore caeruleo obsoleto polyanthos Narrow-leafed many-floured Iris. ‡ 8 Chamaeiris nivea 〈◊〉 Candida White Dwarfe Iris. ‡ 9 Chamaeiris latifolia flore rubello Red floured Dwarfe Iris. ‡ 10 Chamaeiris Lutea Yellow Dwarfe Iris. ‡ 11 Camaeiris variegata Varigated Dwarfe Iris. 3 The French or rather Sea Floure de-luce whereof there is also another of the same kinde altogether lesser haue their roots without any sauour In shew they differ little from the garden Floure de-luce but that the leaues of these are altogether slenderer and vnpleasant in smell growing plentifully in the rough crags of the rocks vnder the Alpes and neere vnto the sea side The which Pena found in the grassie grauelly grounds of the sea coast neere to Montpellier The learned Doctor Assatius a long time supposed it to be Medium Diosc. Matthiolus deceiued himselfe and others in that he said That the root of this plant hath the sent of the peach but my selfe haue proued it to be without sauour at all It yeeldeth his floures in Iune which are of all the rest most like vnto the grasse Floure de-luce The taste of his root is hot bitter and with much tenuitie of parts as hath been found by physicall proofe ‡ 4 This Iris Bizantina hath long narrow leaues like those of the last described very narrow sharpe pointed hauing no vngratefull smell the stalks are some cubit and an halfe in length and somtimes more at the top they are diuided into 2 or 3 branches that haue 2 or 3 floures a piece like in shape to the floures of the broad leafed variegated bulbous Iris they haue also a good smell the ends of the hanging-downe leaues are of a darke colour the other parts of them are variegated with white purple or violet colour The three other leaues that stand vp are of a deepe violet or purple colour The root is blackish slender hard knotty ‡ 5 Narrow leafed Floure de-luce hath an infinite number of grassie leaues much like vnto Reed among which rise vp many stalkes on the ends of the same spring forth two sometimes three right sweet and pleasant floures compact of nine leaues Those three that hang downward are greater than the rest of a purple colour stripped with white and yellow but those three small leaues that appeare next are of a purple colour without mixture those three that stand vpright are of an horse-flesh colour tipped with purple and vnder each of these leaues appeare three small browne aglets like the tongue of a small bird 6 The small grassie Floure de-luce differeth from the former in smalnesse and in thinnesse of leaues and in that the stalkes are lower than the leaues and the floures in shape and colour are like those of the stinking Gladdon but much lesse ‡ There are many other varieties of the broad leafed Floure de-luces besides these mentioned by our Authour as also of the narrow leafed which here wee doe not intend to insist vpon but referre such as are desirous to trouble themselues with these nicities to Clusius and others Notwithstanding I judge it not amisse to giue the figures and briefe descriptions of 〈◊〉 more of the Dwarfe Floure de-luces as also of one of the narrower leafed 7 This therefore which we giue you in the seuenth place is Iris slorc 〈◊〉 obsoleto c. 〈◊〉 The leaues of this are small and long like those of the wild 〈◊〉 Floure de-luce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is not very big hath many strong threds or fibres comming out of it the stalke which is somewhat tall diuides it selfe into two or three branches whereon grow floures in shape like those of the other Floure de-luces but their colour is of an ouer-worne blew or Ash colour 8 Many are the differences of the Chamaeirides latifoliae or Broad leafed 〈◊〉 Floure deluces but their principall distinction is in their floures for some haue flowers of violet or purple colour some of white other some are variegated with yellow and purple c. Therefore I will onely name the colour and giue you their figure because their shapes differ little This eighth therefore is Chamaeiris nivea aut Candida White Dwarfe Iris The ninth Chamaeiris 〈◊〉 flore rubello Red floured Dwarfe Iris The tenth Camaeiris lutea Yellow Dwarfe Iris The eleuenth Chamaeiris variegata Variegated Dwarfe Iris. The leaues and stalkes of these plants are vsually about a foot high the floures for the bignesse of the plants large and they floure betimes as in April And thus much I thinke may suffice for the names and descriptions of these Dwarfe varieties of Floure de-luces ‡ ¶ The place These plants do grow in the gardens of London amongst Herbarists and other Louers of Plants ¶ The nature They floure from the end of March to the beginning of May. ¶ The Names The Turky Floure de-luce is called in the Turkish tongue Alaia Susiani with this additament from the Italians Fiore Belle pintate in English Floure de-luce The rest of the names haue 〈◊〉 touched in their titles and historie ¶ Their nature and vertues The faculties and temperature of these rare and beautifull floures are referred to the 〈◊〉 sorts of Floure de-luces whereunto they do very well accord There is an excellent oyle made of the floures and roots of Floure de-luce of each a like quantitie called Oleum Irinum made after the same manner that oyle of Roses Lillies and such like be made which oyle profiteth much to strengthen the sinewes and joints helpeth the cramp proceeding of repletion and the disease called in Greeke Peripneumonia The floures of French Floure de-luce distilled with Diatrion sandalon and Cinnamon and the water drunke preuaileth greatly against the Dropsie as Hollerius and Gesner testifie CHAP. 43. Of stinking Gladdon ¶ The Description STinking Gladdon hath long narrow leaues like Iris but smaller of a darke greene colour and being rubbed of a stinking smell very lothsome The stalkes are many in number and round toward the top out of which do grow floures like the Floure de-luce of an ouer-worne blew colour or rather purple with some yellow and red streakes in the midst After the floures be vaded there come great huskes or cods wherein is contained a red berry or seed as bigge as a pease The root is long and threddy vnderneath ¶ The place Gladdon groweth in many gardens I haue seene it wilde in many places as in woods and shadowie places neere the sea ¶ The time The stinking Gladdon floureth in August the seed whereof is ripe in September ¶ The Names Stinking Gladdon is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Dioscorides and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Theophrastus according to Pena in Latine Spatula 〈◊〉 among the Apothecaries it is called also Xyris in English stinking Gladdon and Spurgewort ¶ The nature Gladdon is hot and dry in the third degree ¶ The
vsed in some Antidotes as Electuarium 〈◊〉 ouo c. CHAP. 10. Of Rocket ¶ The Kindes THere be sundry kindes of Rocket some tame or of the garden some wilde or of the field some of the water and of the sea 1 Eruca satiua Garden Rocket 2 Eruca syluestris Wilde Rocket ¶ The Description 1 GArden Rocket or Rocket gentle hath leaues like those of Turneps but not neere so great nor rough The stalks rise vp of a cubit somtimes two cubits high weak and brittle at the top whereof grow the floures of a whitish colour and sometimes yellowish which being past there do succeed long cods which containe the seed not vnlike to rape seed but smaller 2 The common Rocket which some keepe in Gardens and which is vsually called the wilde Rocket is lesser than the Romane 〈◊〉 or Rocket-gentle the leaues and stalkes narrower and more iagged The floures be yellow the cods also slenderer the seed thereof is reddish and biteth the tongue 3 This kinde of Rocket hath long narrow leaues almost such as those of Tarragon but thicker and fatter resembling rather the leaues of Myagrum altogether vnlike any of the rest of the Rockets sauing that the branch floure and seed are like the garden Rocket 4 There is another kinde of Rocket thought by that reuerend and excellent Herbarist Carelus Clusius to be a kinde of Cresses if not Cresses it selfe yet cousine germane at the least Vnto whose 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is indifferent whether to call it Rocket with thinne and narrow leaues or to call it Cousine to the kindes of Cresses hauing the taste of the one and the shape of the other The leaues are much diuided and the floures yellow 5 There is is a wild kind of Sea-Rocket which hath long weake and tender branches trailing vpon the ground with long leaues like vnto common Rocket or rather Groundswell hauing small and whitish blew floures in whose place commeth small cods wherein is contained seed like that of Barley ‡ 6 Besides these there is another plant whose figure which here I giue was by our Author formerly set forth in the precedent chapter vnder the title of Sinapi syluestre together with a 〈◊〉 kinde thereof vnder the name of Sinapi sativum alterum Now I will onely describe the later which I haue sometimes found in wet places The root is woody the stalke some foot long crested and hauing many branches lying on the ground the leafe is much diuided and that after the manner of the wilde Rocket the floures are of a bright yellow and are succeeded by short crooked cods wherein is contained a yellowish seed ‡ 3 Eruca syluestris angustifolia Narrow leaued wilde Rocket ‡ 4 Erucanasturtio cognata 〈◊〉 Cressy-Rocket ¶ The Place Romane Rocket is cherished in Gardens Common or wilde Rocket groweth in most gardens of it selfe you may see most bricke and stone walls about London and elsewhere couered with it The narrow leaued Rocket groweth neere vnto water sides in the chinkes and creuises of stone walls among the morter I found it as ye go from Lambeth bridge to the village of Lambeth vnder a small bridge that you must passe ouer hard by the Thames side I found Sea Rocket growing vpon the sands neere vnto the sea in the Isle of Thanet hard by a house wherein Sir Henry Crispe did sometimes dwell called Queakes house ¶ The Time These Kindes of Rocket floure in the moneths of Iune and Iuly and the seed is tipe in September The Romane Rocket dieth euery yeare and recouereth it selfe againe by the falling of his owne seed ¶ The Names Rocket is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruca in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Roquette in Low-Dutch Rakette in Italian Ruchetta in Spanish Oruga in English Rocket and Racket The Poets do oft times name it Herbasalax Eruca doth signifie likewise a certaine canker worme which is an enemie to pot-herbes but especially to Coleworts ‡ The first is called Eruca satiua or Hortensis major Great Garden Rocket 2 The second Eruca sylucstris Wilde Rocket 3 This third is by Lobel called Eruca syluestris angustifolia Narrow leaued wilde Rocket 4 Clusius fitly calls this Nasturtium syluestre and he reprehendeth Lobel for altering the name into Eruca Nasturtio 〈◊〉 Cressy-Rocket 5 The fifth is Eruca marina thought by Lobel and others to be Cakile Serapionis Sea Rocket 6 Eruca aquatica Water Rocket ‡ 5 Erucamarina Sea Rocket 6 Eruca aquatica Water Rocket ¶ The Temperature Rocket is hot and dry in the third degree therefore saith Galen it is not fit nor accustomed to be eaten alone ¶ The Vertues Rocket is a good sallet herbe if it be eaten with Lettuce Purslane and such cold herbes for being so eaten it is good and wholesome for the stomacke and causeth that such cold herbes do not ouer-coole the same otherwise to be eaten alone it causeth head-ache and heateth too much The vse of Rocket stirreth vp bodily lust especially the seed It prouoketh vrine and causeth good digestion Pliny reporteth That whosoeuer taketh the seed of Rocket before he be whipt shall be so hardened that he shall easily endure the paines The root and seed stamped and mixed with Vineger and the gall of an Oxe taketh away freckles lentiles blacke and blew spots and all such desormities of the face CHAP. 11 Of Tarragon Draco herba Tarragon ¶ The Description TArragon the sallade herbe hath long and narrow leaues of a deepe greene colour greater and longer than those of common Hyssope with slender brittle round stalkes two cubites high about the branches whereof hang little round flowers neuer perfectly opened of a yellow colour mixed with blacke like those of common VVormewood The root is long and fibrous creeping farre abroad vnder the earth as doe the rootes of Couch-grasse by which sprouting forth it increaseth yeelding no seede at all but as it were a certaine chaffie or dustie matter that flieth away with the winde ¶ The place Tarragon is cherished in gardens and is encreased by the young shootes Ruellius and such others haue reported many strange tales hereof scarse worth the noting saying that the seed of flaxe put into a radish roote or sea Onion and so set doth bring forth this herbe Tarragon ¶ The time It is greene all Summer long and a great part of Autumne and floureth in Iuly The names It is called in Latine Draco Dracunculus hortensis and Tragum vulgare by Clusius Of the Italians Dragoncellum in French Dragon in English Tarragon It is thought to be that Tarchon which Auicen mentioneth in his 686. chapter but he writeth so little thereof as that nothing can certainly be affirmed of it Simeon Sethi the Greeke also maketh mention of Tarchon ¶ The temperature and vertues Tarragon is hot and drie in the third degree and not to be eaten alone in sallades but ioyned with other herbes as Lettuce Purslain and such like that it may also temper the coldnes of them
mostpart vpon one side of the stalke blew of colour with a like little spot of yellow as the others turning themselues backe againe like the taile of a Scorpion There is another of the land called Myosotis Scorpioides repens like the former but the floures are thicker thrust together and doe not grow all vpon one side as the other and part of the floures are blew and part purple confusedly mixt together ¶ The Place 1 2 These Scorpion grasses grow not wilde in England notwithstanding I haue receiued seed of the first from beyond the seas and haue dispersed them through England which are esteemed of gentlewomen for the beauty and strangenesse of the crooked cods resembling Caterpillers The others doe grow in waters and streames as also on drie and barren bankes ¶ The Time The first floureth from May to the end of August the others I haue found all the sommer long ¶ The Names ‡ 1 Fabius Columna iudges this to be the Clymenon of Dioscorides others call it Scorpioides and Scorpioides bupleuri folio 2 This is the Scorpioides of Matthiolus Dod. Lobell and others and I iudge it was this plant our Author in this place intended and not the Scorpioides Leguminosa of the Aduersaria for that hath not a few leaues but many vpon one rib and besides Dodonaeus whom in descriptions history our Author chiefely followes describes this immediatly after the other Guillandinus Caesalpinus and Bauhine iudge it to be the Telephium of Dioscorides 3 This and the next want no names for almost euery writer hath giuen them seuerall ones Brunfelsius called it Cynoglossa minor Tragus Tabernamontanus and our Author page 537. of the former edition haue it vnder the name of Euphrasia Caerulea Dodonaeus cals it Scorpioides foemina Lonicerus Leontopodium Caesalpinus Heliotropium minus in palustribus Cordus and Thalius Echium palustre 4 This is Auricula muris minor tertia Euphrasia quarta and Pilosella sylvestris of Tragus Scorpioides mas of Dodonaeus Alsine Myosotis and Myosotis hirsuta repens of Lobell Heliotropium minus alterum of Caesalpinus Echium minimum of 〈◊〉 and Echium palustre alterum of Thalius our Authour had it thrise first in the precedent chapter by the name of Heliotropium rectum with a figure secondly in this present chapter without a figure and thirdly pag. 514. also with a figure vnder the name of Pilosella flore caeruleo ‡ ¶ The Nature and Vertues There is not any thing remembred of the temperature yet Dioscorides saith that the laeues of Scorpion grasse applyed to the place is a present remedy against the stinging of Scorpions and likewise boyled in wine and drunke preuaileth against the said bitings as also of adders snakes and such venomous beasts being made in an vnguent with oile wax and a little gum Elemni is profitable against such hurts as require a healing medicine CHAP. 55. Of Nightshade ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers Nightshades whereof some are of the garden and some that loue the fields and yet euery of them found wilde whereof some cause sleepinesse euen vnto death others cause sleepinesse and yet Physicall and others very profitable vnto the health of man as shall be declared in their seuerall vertues ¶ The Description 1 GArden Nightshade hath round stalkes a foot high and full of branches whereon are set leaues of a blackish colour soft and full of iuice in shape like to leaues of Basill but much greater among which doe grow small white floures with yellow pointals in the middle which being past there succeed round berries greene at the first and blacke when they be ripe like those of Iuy the root is white and full of hairy strings ‡ 2 The root of this is long pretty thicke and hard being couered with a brownish skin from this root grow vp many smal stalks of the height of a cubit and better somewhat thick withall the leaues that grow alongst the stalke are like those of the Quince tree thicke white soft and downye The floures grow about the stalke at the setting on of the leafe somewhat long and of a pale colour diuided into soure parts which are succeeded by seeds contained in hairy or woolly receptacles which when they come to ripenesse are red or of a reddish saffron colour ‡ ¶ The Place This Nightshade commeth vp in many places and not only in gardens of which not withstanding 1 Scorpioides Bupleuri folio Penae L'Obelij Scorpion grasse or Caterpillers ‡ 2 Scorpioides 〈◊〉 Matthiolus his Scorpion 〈◊〉 ‡ 3 〈◊〉 scorpioides palustris Water Scorpion grasse ‡ 4 Myosotis scorpioides aruensis 〈◊〉 Mouse-eare Scorpion grasse ‡ 2 This growes not with vs but in hotter Countries Clusius found it growing among rubbish at Malago in Spaine ‡ 1 Solanum Hortense Garden Nightshade ‡ 2 Solanum 〈◊〉 Sleepie Nightshade ¶ The Time It flowreth in Sommer and oftentimes till Autumne be well spent and then the fruit commeth to ripenesse ‡ 2 This Clusius found in flower and with the seede ripe in Februarie for it liueth many yeares in hot Countries but in cold it is but an annuall ‡ ¶ The Names It is called of the Graecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latines Solanum and Solanum Hortense in shops Solatrum of some Morella Vua Lupina and Vua Vulpis in Spanish likewise Morella and Yerua Mora Marcellus an old Phisicke writer and diuers others of his time called it Strumum Plinie in his 27. booke chap. 8. sheweth that it is called Cucubalus both these words are likewise extant in 〈◊〉 among the confused names of Nightshade who comprehending all the kindes of Nightshade together in one chapter being so many hath strangely absurdly confounded their names In English it is called Garden Nightshade Morel and Petie Morell in French Morelle Gallobelgis feu ardent quiamedetur igni sacro ¶ The Temperature Nightshade as Galen saith in his booke of the faculties of simple medicines is vsed for those infirmities that haue need of cooling and binding for these two qualities it hath in the second degree which thing also hee affirmeth in his booke of the faculties of nourishments where hee saith that there is no pot-herbe which wee vse to eat that hath so great astriction or binding as Nightshade hath and therefore Physitious do worthily vse it and that seldome as a nourishment but alwaies as a medicine ¶ The Vertues 1 Dioscorides writeth that Nightshade is good against S. Anthonies fire the shingles paine of the head the heart burning or heat of the stomacke and other like accidents proceeding of 〈◊〉 and biting humours Notwithstanding that it hath these vertues yet it is not alwaies good that it should be applied vnto those 〈◊〉 for that many times there hapneth more dangers by applying of these remedies than of the disease it selfe for as 〈◊〉 writeth in the 6. book of his Aphorismes the 25. particular that it is not good that S. 〈◊〉 fire should be driuen from the outward parts to the inward And
round hollow stalks of a browne colour 〈◊〉 ioynts like knees garnished with such like leaues but smaller at the end whereof grow 〈◊〉 floures of a pale colour one aboue another and after them commeth a brownish three 〈◊〉 seede lapped in browne chaffie huskes like Patience The roote is great long and 〈◊〉 within ‡ There is a varietie of this with crisped or 〈◊〉 leaues whose figure was by our Authour giuen in the second place in the following chapter vnder the Title of 〈◊〉 minus ‡ 2 The second kind of sharpe pointed Docke is like the first but much smaller and doth 〈◊〉 his seed in rundles about his branches in chaffie huskes like Sorrell not so much in vse as the former called also sharpe pointed Docke ‡ 3 This in roots stalkes and seeds is like to the precedent but the leaues are 〈◊〉 and rounder than those of the first described therin consists the chiefe difference 〈◊〉 this 〈◊〉 ‡ ¶ The Place These kindes of Docks do grow as is 〈◊〉 said in medowes 〈◊〉 by riuers sides 1 Lapathum acutum Sharpe pointed Docke 2 Lapathum acutum minimum Small sharpe Docke ‡ 3 Lapathum syluestre 〈◊〉 minus 〈◊〉 The roundish leaued wilde Docke ¶ The Time They floure in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names They are called in Latine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mex Lapatium 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Docke and sharpe pointed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 greater and the lesser of the Graecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Dutch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Italian Rombice in Spanish Romaza 〈◊〉 in Low Dutch 〈◊〉 which word is 〈◊〉 of Lapathum and also 〈◊〉 in French 〈◊〉 ‡ The third is Lapathum folio 〈◊〉 or minus 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Tabern ‡ ¶ The Nature and Vertues These herbes are of a mixture betweene cold and heat and almost drie in the third degree especially the seed which is very astringent The pouder of any of the kinds of 〈◊〉 drunk in 〈◊〉 stoppeth the laske and bloudie 〈◊〉 and caseth the pains of the stomacke The roots boiled til they be very soft and stamped with barrowes grease and made into an ointment helpeth the itch and all 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and mangines And for the same purpose it shall 〈◊〉 necessarie to boile them in water as aforesaid and the partie to be bathed and rubbed therewith CHAP. 82. Of Water Dockes 1 〈◊〉 magnum Great Water 〈◊〉 2 Hydrolapathum minus Small Water Docke 3 Hippolapathum sativum Patience or Munkes Rubarb 4 Hippolapathum rotundifolium Bastard Rubarb ‡ 5 Lapathum sativum sanguineum Bloudwoort The Description 1 THe Great water Docke hath very long and great leaues sti ffe and hard not vnlike to the Garden Patience but much longer The stalke riseth vp to a great height often times to the height of fiue foot or more The 〈◊〉 groweth at the top of the stalke in spokie tusts brown of colour The seed is contained in chaffie huskes three square of a shining pale colour The root is very great thicke 〈◊〉 without and yellowish within 2 The small water Docke hath short narrow leaues set vpon a stiffe stalke The floures grow from the middle of the stalke vpward in spokie rundles set in spaces by certaine distances round about the stalke as are the floures of Horehound Which Docke is of all the kindes most common and of lesse vse and taketh no pleasure or delight in any one soile or dwellingplace but is found almost euery where as well vpon the land as in waterie places but especially in gardens among good and holesome pot-herbes being there better known than welcome or desired wherefore I intend not to spend further time about his description 3 The Garden Patience hath very strong stalks furrowed or chamfered of eight or nine foot high when it groweth in fertile ground set about with great large leaues like to those of the water Docke hauing alongst the stalkes toward the top floures of a light purple colour declining to brownenesse The seed is three square contained in thin chaffie huskes like those of the common Docke The root is verie great browne without and yellow within in colour and taste like the true Rubarb 4 Bastard Rubarb hath great broad round leaues in shape like those of the great Bur-docke The stalke and seeds are so like vnto the precedent that the one cannot be knowne from the other sauing that the seeds of this are somewhat lesser The root is exceeding great and thicke very like vnto the Rha of Barbarie as well in proportion as in colour and taste and purgeth after the same manner but must be taken in greater quantitie as witnesseth that famous learned Physition now liuing Mr. Doctor Bright and others who haue experimented the same 5 This fifth kinde of Docke is best knowne vnto all of the stocke or kindred of Dockes it hath long thin leaues sometimes red in euery part thereof and often stripped here and there with lines and strakes of a darke red colour among which rise vp stiffe brittle stalkes of the same colour on the top whereof come forth such floures and seed as the common wilde docke hath The root is likewise red or of a bloudie colour ¶ The Place They do grow for the most part in ditches and water-courses very common through England The two last saue one do grow in gardens my selfe and others in London and elswhere haue them growing for our vse in Physicke and chirurgerie The last is sowne for a pot-herbe in most gardens ¶ The Time Most of the dockes do rise vp in the Spring of the yeare and their seed is ripe in Iune and August ¶ The Names The docke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rumex and Lapathum yet Pliny in his 19 Booke 12. Chapter seemeth to attribute the name of Rumex onely to the garden docke The Monkes Rubarbe is called in Latine Rumex sativus and Patientia or Patience which word is borrowed of the French who call this herbe Patience after whom the Dutch men name this pot herbe also Patientie of some Rhabarbarum Monachorum or Monkes Rubarbe because as it should seeme some Monke or other haue vsed the root hereof in stead of Rubarbe Bloudwoort or bloudy Patience is called in Latine Lapathum sanguineum of some Sanguis Draconis of the bloudie colour wherewith the whole plant is possest and is of pot-herbes the chiefe or principall hauing the propertie of the bastard Rubarbe but of lesse force in his purging quality ¶ The Temperature Generally all the Dockes are cold some little and moderately and some more they doe all of them drie but not all after one manner notwithstanding some are of opinion that they are dry almost in the third degree ¶ The Vertues The leaues of the Garden Docke or Patience may be eaten and are somewhat colde but more moist and haue withall a certaine clamminesse by reason whereof they easily and quickely passe through the belly when they be eaten and
gall for besides that it purgeth forth cholericke and naughty humors it remoueth stoppings out of the conduits It also mightily strengthneth the intrals themselues insomuch as Rubarb is iustly termed of diuers the life of the liuer for Galen in his eleuenth booke of the method or manner of curing affirmeth that such kinde of medicines are most fit and profitable for the liuer as haue ioyned with a purging and opening qualitie an astringent or binding power The quantitie that is to be giuen is from one dram to two and the infusion from one and a halfe to three It is giuen or steeped and that in hot diseases with the infusion or distilled water of Succory Endiue or some other of the like nature and likewise in Whay and if there be no heate it may be giuen in Wine It is also oftentimes giuen being dried at the fire but so that the least or no part thereof at all be burned and being so vsed it is a remedie for the bloudy flix and for all kindes of laskes for it both purgeth away naughty and corrupt humors and likewise withall stoppeth the belly The same being dried after the same manner doth also stay the ouermuch flowing of the monethly sicknesse and stoppeth bloud in any part of the body especially that which commeth thorow the bladder but it should be giuen in a little quantitie and mixed with some other binding thing Mesues saith That Rubarb is an harmelesse medicine and good at all times and for all ages and likewise for children and women with childe ‡ My friend Mr. Sampson Iohnson Fellow of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford assures me That the Physitions of Vienna in Austria vse scarce any other at this day than the Rubarb of the Antients which grows in Hungary not far from thence and they prefer it before the dried Rubarb brought out of Persia and the East Indies because it hath not so strong a binding facultie as it neither doth it heate so much onely it must be vsed in somewhat a larger quantitie ‡ CHAP. 84. Of Sorrell ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers kindes of Sorrell differing in many points some of the garden others wilde some great and some lesser 1 Oxalis siue Acetosa Sorrell 2 Oxalis tuberosa Knobbed Sorrell ¶ The Description THough Dioscorides hath not expressed the Oxalides by that name yet none ought to doubt but that they were taken and accounted as the fourth kinde of Lapathum For though some like it not well that the seed should be said to be Drimus yet that is to be vnderstood according to the common phrase when acride things are confounded with those which be sharpe and soure else we might accuse him of such ignorance as is not amongst the simplest women Moreouer the word Oxys doth not onely signifie the leafe but the sauour and tartnesse which by a figure drawne from the sharpnesse of kniues edges is therefore called sharpe for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth a sharpe or sourc iuyce which pierceth the tongue like a sharpe knife whereupon also Lapathum may be called Oxalis as it is indeed The leaues of this are thinner tenderer and more vnctuous than those of Lapatium acutum broader next to the stem horned and crested like Spinage and Atriplex The stalke is much streaked reddish and full of iuyce the root is yellow and 〈◊〉 the seed sharpe cornered and shining growing in chaffie huskes like the other Docks 2 The second kinde of Oxalis or Sorrell hath large leaues like Patience confusedly growing together vpon a great tall stalke at the top whereof grow tufts of a chaffie substance The root is tuberous much like the Peonie or rather Filipendula fastned to the lower part of the stem with small long strings and laces 3 The third kinde of Sorrell groweth very small branching hither and thither taking hold by new shoots of the ground where it groweth whereby it disperseth it selfe far abroad The leaues are little and thin hauing two small leaues like eares fastned thereto in shew like the herbe Sagittaria the seed in taste is like the other of his kinde 4 The fourth kinde of Sorrell hath leaues somewhat round and cornered of a whiter colour than the ordinarie and hauing two short eares anexed vnto the same The seed and root in taste is like the other Sorrels 3 Oxalis tenuifolia Sheepes Sorrell 4 Oxalis Franca seu Romana Round leaued or French Sorrel 5 This kinde of curled Sorrell is a stranger in England and hath very long leaues in shape like the garden Sorrell but curled and crumpled about the edges as is the curled Colewort The stalke riseth vp among the leaues set here and there with the like leaues but lesser The floures seeds and roots are like the common Sorrell or soure Docke 6 The small Sorrell that groweth vpon dry barren sandy ditch-banks hath small grassy leaues somewhat forked or crossed ouer like the crosse hilt of a rapier The stalkes rise vp amongst the leaues small weake and tender of the same soure taste that the leaues are of The floure seed and root is like the other Sorrels but altogether lesser 6 Oxalis minor Small Sorrell 7 The smallest sort of Sorrell is like vnto the precedent sauing that the lowest leaues that ly vpon the ground be somewhat round and without the little eares that the other hath which setteth forth the difference ‡ 8 There is also kept in some gardens a verie large sorrel hauing leaues thicke whitish and as large as an ordinarie Docke yet shaped like Sorrell and of the same acide taste The stalkes and seed are like those of the ordinary yet whiter coloured ‡ ¶ The Place †The common Sorrell groweth for the most part in moist medowes and gardens The second by waters sides but not in this kingdome that I know of The fourth also is a garden plant with vs as also the fifth but the third and last grow vpon grauelly and sandie barren ground and ditch bankes †¶ The Time They flourish at that time when as the other kinds of Docks do floure ¶ The Names Garden Sorrell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Acidum lapathum or Acidus rumex soure Docke and in shops commonly Acetosa in the Germane Tongue 〈◊〉 in low-Dutch Surckele and Surinck the Spaniards Azederas Agrelles and Azedas in French Ozeille and Surelle Aigrette in English Garden Sorrell The second is called of the later Herbarists Tuberosa acetosa and Tuberosum lapathum in English Bunched or Knobbed Sorrell The third is called in English Sheepes Sorrell in Dutch Schap Surkel The fourth Romane Sorrell or round leaued Sorrell The fifth Curled Sorrell The sixth and seuenth Barren Sorrell or Dwarfe Sheepes Sorrell ‡ The eighth is called Oxalis or Acetosa maxima latifolia Great broad leaued Sorrell ‡ ¶ The Nature The Sorrels are moderately cold and dry ¶ The Vertues Sorrell doth vndoutedly coole
haue somewhat the smell of a Primrose whence Mr. Parkinson gaue it the English name which I haue also here giuen you after the floures are fallen the cods grow to be some two inches long being thicker below and sharper at the top and somwhat twined which in fine open themselues into foure parts to shatter their seed which is blacke and small and sowne it growes not the first yeare into a stalke but sends vp many large leaues lying handsomely one vpon another Rose-fashion It floures in Iune and ripens the seed in August ‡ 5 The second kinde of Willow-herbe in stalks and leaues is like the first but that the leaues are longer narrower and greener The floures grow along the stalke toward the top spike-fashion of a faire purple colour which being withered turne into downe which is carried away with the winde 5 Lysimachia purpurea spicata Spiked Willow-herbe 6 Lysimachia siliquosa Codded Willow-herbe 6 This Lysimachia hath leaues and stalkes like vnto the former The floure groweth at the top of the stalke comming out of the end of a small long cod of a purple colour in shape like a stocke Gillofloure and is called of many Filius ante Patrem that is The Sonne before the Father because that the cod commeth forth first hauing seeds therein before the floure doth shew it selfe 〈◊〉 ‡ The leaues of this are more soft large and hairy than any of the former they are also snipt about the edges and the floure is large wherein it differs from the twelfth hereafter described and from the eleuenth in the hairinesse of the leaues and largenesse of the floures also as you shall finde hereafter ‡ 7 This being thought by some to be a bastard kinde is as I do esteeme it of all the rest the most goodly and stately plant hauing leaues like the greatest Willow or Ozier The branches come out of the ground in great numbers growing to the height of six foot garnished with braue floures of great beauty consisting of foure leaues a piece of an orient purple colour hauing some threds in the middle of a yellow colour The cod is long like the last spoken of and full of downy matter which flieth away with the winde when the cod is opened †7 Chamaenerion Rose bay Willow-herbe ‡ 8 〈◊〉 alterum angastifolium Narrow leaued Willow-floure ‡ 9 Lysimachia coerulea Blew Loose-strife ‡ 10 Lysimachiagalericulata Hoodéd Loose-strife 11 Lysimachia campestris Wilde Willow-herbe 9 There is another bastard Loose-strife or Willow-herbe hauing stalkes like the other of his kinde whereon are placed long leaues snipt about the edges in shape like the great Veronica or herbe Fluellen The floures grow along the stalkes spike-fashion of a blew colour after which succeed small cods or pouches The root is small and fibrous it may be called Lysimachia coerulea or blew Willow-herbe 10 We haue likewise another Willow-herbe that groweth neere vnto the bankes of 〈◊〉 and water-courses This I found in a waterie lane leading from the Lord Treasurer his house called Theobalds vnto the backeside of his slaughter-house and in other places as shall be declared hereafter Which Lobel hath called Lysimachia galericulata or hooded Willow-herbe It hath many small tender stalkes trailing vpon the ground beset with diuers leaues somwhat snipt about the edges of a deep green colour like to the leaues of Scordium or water Germander among which are placed sundrie small blew floures fashioned like a little hood in shape resembling those of Ale-hoofe The root is small and fibrous dispersing it selfe vnder the earth farre abroad whereby it greatly increaseth 11 The wilde Willow-Herbe hath fraile and very brittle stalkes slender commonly about the height of a cubit and sometimes higher whereupon doe grow sharpe pointed leaues somewhat snipt about the edges and set together by couples There come forth at the first long slender coddes wherein is contained small seed wrapped in a cottony or downy wooll which is carried away with the winde when the seed is ripe at the end of which commeth forth a small floure of a purplish colour whereupon it was called Filius ante Patrem because the floure doth not appeare vntill the cod be filled with his seed But there is another Sonne before the Father as hath beene declared in the Chapter of Medow-Saffron The root is small and threddie ‡ This differeth from the sixth onely in that the leaues are lesse and lesse hairy and the floure is smaller ‡ 12 The Wood VVillow-hearbe hath a slender stalke diuided into other smaller branches whereon are set long leaues rough and sharpe pointed of an ouerworne greene colour The floures grow at the tops of the branches consisting of foure or fiue small leaues of a pale purplish colour tending to whitenesse after which come long cods wherein are little seeds wrapped in a certaine white Downe that is carried away with the winde The root is threddie ‡ This differs from the sixth in that it hath lesser floures There is also a lesser sort of this hairie Lysimachia with small floures There are two more varieties of these codded Willow-herbes the one of which is of a middle growth somewhat like to that which is described in the eleuenth place but lesse with the leaues also snipped about the edges smooth and not hairie and it may fitly be called Lysimachia siliquosa glabra media or minor The lesser smooth-leaued Willow-herbe The other is also smooth leaued but they are lesser and narrower wherefore it may in Latine be termed Lysimachia siliquosa glabra minor angustifolia in English The lesser smooth and narrow leaued Willow-herbe ‡ 13 This lesser purple Loose-strife of Clusius hath stalkes seldome exceeding the height of a cubit they are also slender weake and quadrangular towards the top diuided into branches growing one against another the leaues are lesse and narrower than the common 〈◊〉 kinde and growing by couples vnlesse at the top of the stalkes and branches whereas they keepe no certaine order and amongst these come here and there cornered cups containing floures composed of six little red leaues with threds in their middles The root is hard woody and not creeping as in others of this kinde yet it endures all the yeere and sends forth new shoots It floures in lune and Iuly and was found by Clusius in diuers wet medowes in Austria ‡ ¶ The Place The first yellow Lysimachia groweth plentifully in moist medewos especially along the medowes as you go from Lambeth to Battersey neere London and in many other places throughout England ‡ 13 Lysimachia purpurea minor Clus. Small purple Willow herbe ‡ The second and third I haue not yet seene The fourth groweth in many gardens ‡ The fift groweth in places of greater moisture yea almost in the running streames and standing waters or hard by them It groweth vnder the Bishops house wall at Lambeth neere the water of Thames and in moist ditches in most places of England The sixth groweth neere the waters and in
the waters in all places for the most part The seuenth groweth in Yorkshire in a place called the Hooke neer vnto a close called a Cow pasture from whence I had these plants which doe grow in my garden very goodly to behold for the decking vp of houses and gardens ‡ The eighth I haue not yet found growing The ninth growes wild in some places of this kingdome but I haue seene it only in Gardens The tenth growes by the ponds and waters sides in Saint Iames his Parke in Tuthill fields and many other places ‡ The eleuenth groweth hard by the Thames as you goe from a place called the Diuels Neckerchiefe to Redreffe neere vnto a stile that standeth in your way vpon the Thames banke among the plankes that doe hold vp the same banke It groweth also in a ditch side not farre from the place of execution called Saint Thomas Waterings ‡ The other varieties of this grow in wet places about ditches and in woods and such like moist grounds ‡ ¶ The Time These herbes floure in Iune and Iuly and oftentimes vntill August ¶ The Names Lysimachia as Dioscorides and Pliny write tooke his name of a speciall vertue that it hath in appeasing the strife and vnrulinesse which falleth out among oxen at the plough if it bee put about their yokes but it rather retaineth and keepeth the name Lysimachia of King Lysimachus the sonne of Agathocles the first finder out of the nature and vertues of this herb as Pliny saith in his 25. book chap. 7. which retaineth the name of him vnto this day and was made famous by Erasistratus Ruellius writeth that it is called in French Cornelle and Corneola in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latines Lysimachium of Pliny Lysimachia of the later Writers Salicaria in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in English Willow herbe or herbe Willow and Loose strife Chamaenerium is called of Gesner Epilobton in English Bay Willow or bay yellow herbe ‡ The names of such as I haue added haue been sufficiently set sorth in their titles and Histories ‡ ¶ The Nature The yellow Lysimachia which is the chiefe and best for Physicke vses is cold and drie and very astringent ¶ The Vertues The iuice according to Dioscordies is good against the bloudy flix being taken either by potion or Clister It is excellent good for greene wounds and stancheth the bloud being also put into the nosthrils it stoppeth the bleeding at the nose The smoke of the burned herbe driueth away serpents and killeth flies and gnats in a house which Pliny speaketh of in his 25. book chap. 8. Snakes saith he craull a way at the smell of Loos-strife The same Authour affirmeth in his 26 booke last chap. that it dieth haire yellow which is not very vnlike to be done by reason the floures are yellow The others haue not been experimented wherefore vntill some matter worthy the 〈◊〉 doth offer it selfe vnto our consideration I will omit further to discourse her 〈◊〉 The iuice of yellow Lysimachia taken inwardly stoppeth all fluxe of bloud and the Dysenteria or bloudy flix The iuice put into the nose stoppeth the bleeding of the same and the bleeding of wounds and mightily closeth and healeth them being made into an vnguent or salue The same taken in a mother suppositorie of wooll or cotton bound vp with threds as the manner thereof is well knowne to women staieth the inordinate flux or ouermuch flowing of womens termes It is reported that the fume or smoke of the herbe burned doth driue away flies and gnats and all manner of venomous beasts CHAP. 130. Of Barren-woort Epimedium Barren Woort ¶ The Description THis rare and strange plant was sent to me from the French Kings Herbarist Robinus dwelling in Paris at the signe of the blacke head in the street called Du bout du Monde in English The end of the world This herbe I planted in my garden in the beginning of May it came sorth of the ground with small hard woodie crooked stalks whereupon grow rough sharpe pointed leaues almost like Alliaria that is to say Sauce alone or lacke by the hedge Lobel and Dod. say that the leaues are somewhat like Iuie but in my indgement they are rather like Alliaria somewhat snipt about the edges and turning themselues flat vpright as a man turneth his hand vpwards when hee receiueth money Vpon the same stalkes come forth small floures consisting of soure leaues whose outsides are purple the edges on the inner side red the bottomeyellow the middle part of a bright red colour and the whole floure somewhat hollow The root is smal and creepeth almost vpon the vppermost face of the earth It beareth his seed in very small cods like Saracens Consound ‡ to wit that of our Author 〈◊〉 described pag. 274. ‡ but shorter which came not to ripenesse in my garden by reason that it was dried away with the extreme and vnaccustomed heat of the Sun which happened in the yeare 2590. since which time from yeare to yeare it bringeth seed to perfection Further Dioscorides and Pliny do report that it is without floure or seed ¶ The place †It groweth in the moist medowes of Italie about Bononia and Vincentia it groweth in the garden of my friend Mr. Iohn Milion in Old-street and some other gardens about towne ¶ The Time It floureth in Aprill and May when it hath taken sast hold and setled it selfe in the earth a yeare before ¶ The Names It is called Epimedium I haue thought good to call it Barren woort in English not because that Dioscorides saith it is barren both of floures and seeds but because as some authors affirme being drunke it is an enemie to conception ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Galen affirmeth that it is moderately cold with a waterie moisture we haue as yet no vse hereof in Physicke ‡ CHAP. 131. Of Fleabane ‡ 1 Conyza maior Great Fleawoort ‡ 2 Conyza minor vera Small Fleabane ‡ THe smalnesse of the number of these plants here formerly mentioned the confusion notwithstanding in the figures their nominations historie not oneagreeing with another hath caused me wholly too mit the descriptions of our Authour and to giue you new agreeable to the figures together with an addition of diuers other plants 〈◊〉 to this kindred Besides there is one thing I must aduertise you of which is that our Authour in the first place described the Bacchar is Monspeliensium of Lobel or Conyza maior of Matthiolus it is that which grows in Kent and Essex on chalkie hils yet he gaue no figure of it but as it were forgetting what he had don allotted it a particular chap. afterwards where also another figure was put for it but there you shall now finde it though I must confesse that this is as sit or a fitter place for it but I will follow the course of my Authour whose matter not method I indeauour to amend ¶ The Description 1 This great
Nauelwoort or Penniwoort of the Wall ¶ The Description 1 THe great Nauelwoort hath round and thicke leaues somewhat bluntly indented about the edges and somewhat hollow in the midst on the vpper part hauing a short tender stemme fastened to the middest of the leafe on the lower side vnderneath the stalke whereon the floures doe grow is small and hollow an handfull high and more beset with many small floures of an ouerworne incarnate colour The root is round like an oliue of a white colour ‡ The root is not well exprest in the figure for it should haue been more vnequall or tuberous with the fibers not at the bottome but top thereof ‡ 2 The second kinde of Wall Penniwoort or Nauelwoort hath broad thicke leaues somewhat deepely indented about the edges and are not so round as the leaues of the former but somewhat long towards the setting on spred vpon the ground in manner of a tuft set about the tender stalke like to Sengreene or Housleeke among which riseth vp a tender stalke whereon do grow the like leaues The floures stand on the top consisting of fiue small leaues of a white colour with red spots in them The root is small and threddie ‡ This by some is called Sedum Serratum ‡ ‡ 3. This third kinde hath long thicke narrow leaues very finely snipt or nickt on the edges which lie spred very orderly vpon the ground and in the midst of them rises vp a stalke some foot high which beares at the top thereof vpon three or foure little branches diuers white floures consisting of fiue leaues apiece 4 The leaues of this are long and thicke yet not so finely snipt about the edges nor so narrow as those of the former the stalke is a foot high set here and there with somewhat shorter and rounder leaues than those below and towards the top thereof out of the bossomes of these leaues come sundry little foot-stalkes bearing on their tops pretty large floures of colour white and spotted with red spots The rootes are small and here and there put vp new tufts of leaues like as the common Housleeke ‡ 5 There is a kinde of Nauelwoort that groweth in waterie places which is called of the husbandmen Sheeps bane because it killeth sheepe that do eat thereof it is not much vnlike the precedent but the round edges of the leaues are not so euen as the other and this creepeth vpon the ground and the other vpon the stone walls 1 Vmbilicus Veneris Wall Penniwoort ‡ 2 Vmbilicus Ven. sive Cotyledon altera Iagged or Rose Penniwoort ‡ 6 Because some in Italy haue vsed this for Vmbilicus Veneris and othersome haue so called it I thought it not amisse to follow Matthiolus and giue you the history thereof in this place rather than to omit it or giue it in another which may be perhaps as vnfit for indeed I cannot sitly ranke it with any other plant Bauhine sets it betweene Hedera Terrestris and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Columna refers it to the Linaria's but I must confesse I cannot referre it to any wherefore I thinke it as proper to giue it here as in any other place The branches of this are many long slender and creeping vpon which grow without any certaine order many little smooth thicke leaues fashioned like those of Ivie and fastened to stalkes of some inch long and together with these stalkes come sorth others of the same length that carry spur-fashioned floures of the shape and bignesse of those of the female Fluellen their outside is purple their inside blew with a spot of yellow in the opening The root is small creeping and threddie It floures toward the end of Sommer and growes wilde vpon walls in Italie but in gardens with vs. 〈◊〉 calls it Cymbalaria to which Lobel addes Italica Hederaceo folio Lonicerus termes it Vmbilicus Veneris 〈◊〉 and lastly Columna cals it Linaria hederae folio ‡ ¶ The Place The first kind of Penniwoort groweth plentifully in Northampton vpon euery stone wall about the towne at Bristow Bathe Wells and most places of the West Countrie vpon stone walls It groweth vpon Westminster Abbey ouer the doore that leadeth from Chaucers tombe to the old palace ‡ In this last place it is not now to be found ‡ The second third and fourth grow vpon the Alpes neere Piedmont and Bauier and vpon the mountaines of Germanie I found the third growing vpon Bieston Castle in Cheshire ‡ The fifth growes vpon the Bogges vpon Hampstead Heath and many such rotten grounds in other places ‡ ¶ The Time They are greene and flourish especially in VVinter They floure also in the beginning of Sommer ¶ The Names Nauelwoort is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vmbilicus Veneris and Acetabulum of diuers Herba Coxendicum Iacobus Manlius nameth it Scatum Coeli and Scatellum in Dutch 〈◊〉 in Italian Cupertoiule in French Escuelles in Spanish Capadella of some Hortus Veneris or Venus garden and Terrae vmbilicus or the Nauel of the earth in English Penniwoort Wall-penniwoort Ladies nauell Hipwoort and Kidney-woort VVater Penniwoort is called in Latine Cotyledon palustris in English Sheepe-killing Pennigrasse Penny-rot and in the North Countrey VVhite-rot for there is also Red-rot which is Rosa solis in Northfolke it is called Flowkwoort ‡ Columna and Bauhine fitly refer this to the Ranunculi or Crowfeet for it hath no affinitie at all with the Cotyledons but onely in the roundnesse of the leafe the former of them cals it Ranunculus aquaticus vmbilicatofolio and the later Ranunculus aquat Cotyledonis folio ¶ The Temperature Nauelwoort is of a moist substance and somewhat cold and of a certaine obscure binding qualitie it cooleth repelleth or driueth backe scoureth and consumeth or wasteth away as Galen testifieth ‡ The VVater Pennywoort is of an hot and vlcerating qualitie like to the Crowfeet whereof it is a kinde The bastard Italian Nauelwoort seemes to partake with the true in cold and moisture ‡ ¶ The Vertues The iuice of VVall Pennywoort is a singular remedie against all inflammations and hot tumors as Erysipelas Saint Anthonies fire and such like and is good for kibed heeles being bathed therwith and one or more of the leaues laid vpon the heele The leaues and rootes eaten doe breake the stone prouoke vrine and preuaile much against the dropsie The ignorant Apothecaries doe vse the VVater Pennywoort in stead of this of the wall which they cannot doe without great error and much danger to the patient for husbandmen know well that it is noisome vnto Sheepe and other cattell that feed thereon and for the most part bringeth death vnto them much more to men by a stronger reason 3 Vmbilicus Veneris minor Small Nauelwoort ‡ 4 Cotyledon minor montana altera The other small mountaine Nauelwoort 5 Cotyledon palustris Water Penniwoort ‡ 6 Cymbalaria Italica Italian Bastard Nauelwoort CHAP. 152. Of Sea Pennywoort 1 Androsace Matthioli Sea Nauel-woort 2 Androsace
desired sicknesse prouoketh vrine applied in bathes and fomentations it procureth sweat being boyled in wine it helpeth the ague it easeth the strangurie it stayeth the hicket it breaketh the stones in the bladder it helpeth the Lethargie frensie and madnesse and stayeth the vomiting of bloud Wilde Time boyled in wine and drunke is good against the wambling and gripings of the bellie ruptures convulsions and inflammations of the liuer It helpeth against the bitings of any venomous beast either taken in drinke or outwardly applied Aetius writeth That Serpillum infused well in Vineger and then sodden and mingled with rose water is a right singular remedie to cure them that haue had a long phrensie or lethargie Galen prescribeth one dram of the iuyce to be giuen in vineger against the vomiting of bloud and helpeth such as are grieued with the spleene CHAP. 174. Of Garden Time ¶ The Description 1 THe first kinde of Time is so well knowne that it needeth no description because there is not any which are ignorant what Thymum durius is I meane our common garden Time 2 The second kinde of Time with broad leaues hath many wooddy branches rising from a threddy root beset with leaues like Myrtus The floures are set in rundles about the stalke like Horehound The whole plant is like the common Time in taste and smell 1 Thymum durius Hard Time 2 Thymum latifolium Great or broad leaued Time 3 Time of Candy is in all respects like vnto common Time but differeth in that that this kinde hath certaine knoppy tufts not much vnlike the spikes or knots of Stoecados but much lesser beset with slender floures of a purple colour The whole plant is of a more gracious smell than any of the other Times and of another kinde of taste as it were sauouring like spice The root is brittle and of a wooddy substance 4 Doubtlesse that kinde of Time whereon Epithymum doth grow and is called for that cause Epithymum and vsed in shops is nothing else than Dodder that growes vpon Time and is all one with ours though Matthiolus makes a controuersie and difference thereof for Pena trauelling ouer the hills in Narbone neere the sea hath seene not onely the garden Time but the wilde Time also loden and garnished with this Epithymum So that by his sight and mine owne knowledge I am assured that it is not another kinde of Time that beareth Epithymum but is common Time for I haue often found the same in England not onely vpon our Time but vpon Sauorie and other herbes also notwithstanding thus much I may coniecture that the clymate of those Countries doth yeeld the same forth in greater aboundance than ours by reason of the intemperance of cold whereunto our countrey is subiect 3 Thymum Creticum Time of Candy 4 Epithymum Graecorum Laced Time ¶ The Place These kindes of Time grow plentifully in England in most gardens euery where except that with broad leaues and Time of Candy which I haue in my garden ¶ The Time They flourish from May vnto September ¶ The Names The first may be called hard Time or common garden Time the second Broad leaued Time the third Time of Candy our English women call it Muske Time the last may be called Dodder Time ¶ The Temperature These kindes of Time are hot and dry in the third degree ¶ The Vertues Time boyled in water and hony drunken is good against the cough and shortnes of the breath it prouoketh vrine expelleth the secondine or after-birth and the dead childe and dissolues clotted or congealed bloud in the body The same drunke with vineger and salt purgeth flegme and boyled in Mede or Methegline it cleanseth the breast lungs reines and matrix and killeth wormes Made into pouder and taken in the weight of three drams with Mede or honied vineger called Oxymel and a little salt purgeth by stoole tough and clammie flegme sharpe and cholericke humors and all corruption of bloud The same 〈◊〉 in like sort is good against the Sciatica the paine in the side and brest against the winde in the side and belly and is profitable also for such as are fearefull melancholike and troubled in minde It is good to be giuen vnto those that haue the falling sicknesse to smell vnto 〈◊〉 after Galen is of more effectuall operation in physicke than Time being hot and dry in the third degree more mightily cleansing heating drying and opening than Cuscuta 〈◊〉 right good effect to eradicat melancholy or any other humor in the spleen or other disease sprung by occasion of the spleene It helpeth the long continued paines of the head and besides his singular effects about spleneticall matters it helpeth the lepry or any disease of melancholy all quart aine agues and such like griefes proceeding from the spleene Dioscorides saith Epithymum drunke with honied water expelleth by siege flegme and melancholy Of his natiue propertie it relieueth them which be melancholieke swolne in the face and other parts if you pound Epithymum and take the fine pouder thereof in the quantity of foure scruples in the liquour which the Apothecaries call Passum or with Oxymell and salt which taketh away all flatuous humours and ventosities CHAP. 175. Of Sauorie ¶ The Kindes THere be two kindes of Sauorie the one that indureth VVinter and is of long continuance the other an annuall or yearely plant that perisheth at the time when it hath perfected his seed and must be sowne againe the next yeare which we call Sommer Sauorie or Sauorie of a yeare There is likewise another which is a stranger in England called of Lobel Thymbra S. 〈◊〉 denying it to be the right Satureia or Sauorie whether that of Lobel or that we haue in our English gardens be the true winter Sauorie is yet disputable for we thinke that of S. Iulians rocke to be rather a wilde kinde than otherwise ‡ Pena and Lobel do not denie 〈◊〉 affirme it in these words Nullus non fatetur Satureiam veram that is which none can denie to be the true Satureia or Sauorie Vid. 〈◊〉 pag. 182. ‡ 1 Satureia hortensis VVinter Sauorie 2 Satureia hortensis aestiva Sommer Sauorie ¶ The Description 1 WInter Sauorie is a plant resembling Hyssope but lower more tender and brittle it bringeth forth very many branches compassed on euery side with narrow and sharpe pointed leaues longer than those of Time among which grow the floures from the bottome to the top out of small husks of colour white tending to a light purple The root is hard and wooddie as is the rest of the plant 2 Sommer Sauorie groweth vp with a slender brittle stalke of a foot high diuided into little branches the leaues are narrow lesser than those of Hysope like the leaues of winter Sauorie 〈◊〉 thinner set vpon the branches The floures stand hard to the branches of a light purple tending to whitenesse The root is small full of strings and perisheth when it hath perfected his seed 3
word is extant in Dioscorides among the bastard names That with the crimson floure being the male is named Phoenicion and Corallion of this is made the composition or receit called Diacorallion that is vsed against the gout which composition Paulus Aegineta setteth downe in his seuenth booke Among the bastard names it hath beene called Aëtitis Aegitis and Sauritis in English Red Pimpernell and blew Pimpernel ¶ The Temperature Both the sorts of Pimpernell are of a drying facultie without biting and somewhat hot with a certaine drawing quality insomuch that it doth draw forth splinters and things fixed in the flesh as Galen writeth ¶ The Vertues Dioscorides writes That they are of power to mitigate paine to cure inflammations or hot swellings to draw out of the body and flesh thornes splinters or shiuers of wood and to helpe the Kings Euill The iuyce purgeth the head 〈◊〉 gargarising or washing the throat therewith it cures the tooth-ache being snist vp into the nosethrils especially into the contrary nosethrill It helpeth those that be dim sighted the iuyce mixed with honey cleanses the vleers of the eye called in Latine 〈◊〉 Moreouer he affirmeth That it is good against the stinging of Vipers and other venomous beasts It preuaileth against the infirmities of the liuer and kidneyes if the iuyce be drunk with wine He addeth further how it is reported That Pimpernel with the blew floure helpeth vp the fundament that is fallen downe and that red Pimpernell applied contrariwise bringeth it downe CHAP. 195. Of Brooke-lime or water Pimpernell ¶ The Description 1 BRooke-lime or Brooklem hath fat thicke stalkes round and parted into diuers branches the leaues be thicke smooth broad and of a deepe greene colour The floures grow vpon small tender foot-stalkes which thrust forth of the bosome of the leaues of a perfect blew colour not vnlike to the floures of land Pimpernell the root is white low creeping with fine strings fastned thereto out of the root spring many other stalkes whereby it greatly encreaseth ‡ There is a lesser varietie of this which our Author set forth in the fourth place differing not from this but onely in that it is lesse in all the parts thereof wherefore I haue omitted the historie and figure to make roome for more conspicuous differences ‡ 2 The great water Pimpernell is like vnto the precedent sauing that this plant hath sharper pointed or larger leaues and the floures are of a more whitish or a paler blew colour wherein 〈◊〉 the difference ‡ There is also a lesser varietie of this whose figure and description our Authour gaue in the next place but because the difference is in nothing but the magnitude I haue made bold to omit it also 3 Now that I haue briefely giuen you the history of the foure formerly described by our Author I will acquaint you with two or three more plants which may fitly be here inserted The first of these Lobel calls Anagallis aquatica tertia and therefore I haue thought fit to giue you it in the same place here It hath a white and fibrous root from which ariseth a round smooth stalke a foot and more high yet I haue sometimes found it not aboue three or foure inches high vpon the stalkes grow leaues round greene and shining standing not by couples but one aboue another on all sides of the stalkes The leaues that 〈◊〉 on the ground are longer than the rest and are in shape somewhat like those of the common Daisie but that they are not snipped about the edges the floures are white consisting of one leafe diuided into fiue parts and they grow at the first as it were in an vmbel but afterwards more spike fashioned It floures in Iune and Iuly and groweth in many waterie places as in the marishes of Dartford in Kent also betweene Sandwich and Sandowne castle and in the ditches on this side Sandwich 〈◊〉 saith That Guillandinus called it sometimes Alisma and otherwhiles Cochlearia and others would haue it to be Samolum of Pliny lib. 25. cap. 11. Baubine himselfe fitly calls it Anagallis aquatica folio rot undo non crenato 1 Anagallis seu Becabunga Brooke-lime 2 Anagallis aquatica maior Great long leaued Brook-lime ‡ 3 Anagallis aquatica rotundifolia Round leaued water Pimpernel 4 I coniecture this figure which we here 〈◊〉 you with the Authors title to be onely the lesser variety of that which our Author describes in the second place but because I haue no certaintie hereof for that Lobel hath giuen vs no description thereof in any of his Latine Workes and also Bauhinus hath distinguished them I am forced to giue you onely the figure thereof not intending to deceiue my reader by giuing descriptions from my fancie and the figure as our Author somtimes made bold to do 5 This which is set forth by most writers for Cepoea and which some may obiect to be more fit to be put next the Purslanes I will here giue you hauing forgot to doe it there and I thinke this place not vnfit because our Author in the Names in this Chapter takes occasion in Dodonoeus his words to make mention thereof It hath a small vnprofitable root sending vp a stalke some soot high diuided into many weake branches which are here and there set with thicke leaues like those of Purslane but much lesse and narrower and sharper pointed the floures which grow in good plenty vpon the tops of the branches are composed of fiue small white leaues whereto 〈◊〉 small heads wherein is contained a seed like that of Orpine This by Matthiolus and others is called Capoea but Clusius doubts that it is not the true Cepoea of the Antients ‡ ‡ 4 Anagallis aquatica quarta Lob. Lobels fourth water Pimpernel ‡ 5 Cepoea Garden Brook-lime ¶ The Place They grow by riuers sides small running brookes and waterie ditches The yellow Pimpernell I found growing in Hampsted wood neere London and in many other woods and copses ¶ The Time They bring forth their floures and seed in Iune Iuly and August ¶ The Names Water Pimpernel is called Anagallis 〈◊〉 of most 〈◊〉 which is borrowed of the Germane word Bachpunghen in low-Dutch Beeckpunghen in French Berle whereupon some do call it Berula notwithstanding Marcellus reporteth That Berula is that which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or rather Cresses it is thought to be 〈◊〉 that is to say of the garden which Dioscorides writeth to be like vnto Purslane whereunto this Brook-lime doth very well agree But if it be therefore said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it groweth either onely or for the most part in gardens this Pimpernel or Brook-lime shall not be like vnto it which groweth 〈◊〉 where lesse than in gardens being altogether of his owne nature wilde desiring to grow in waterie places and such as be continually ouerflowne in English the first is called Brooklime and the rest by no particular names but we may call them water Pimpernels or
Germander groweth lowe with very many branches lying vpon the ground tough hard and wooddie spreading it selfe here and there whereupon are placed small leaues snipt about the edges like the teeth of a saw resembling the shape of an oken leafe The floures are of a purple colour very small standing close to the leaues toward the top of the branches The seed is little and blacke The root slender and full of strings creeping and alwaies spreading within the ground whereby it greatly increaseth ‡ This is sometimes found with bigger leaues otherwhiles with lesse also the floure is sometimes white and otherwhiles red in the same plant whence Tabernam gaue two figures and our Authour two figures and descriptions whereof I haue omitted the later and put the two titles into one ‡ 2 The second Germander riseth vp with a little straight stalk a span long and sometimes longer wooddie and hard like vnto a little shrub it is afterwards diuided into very many little small branches The leaues are indented and nicked about the edges lesser than the leaues of the former great creeping Germander the floures likewise stand neere to the leaues and on the vpper parts of the sprigs of colour sometimes purple and oftentimes tending to blewnesse the roote is diuersly dispersed with many strings 1 Chamaedrys maior latifolia Great broad leaued Germander 2 Chamaedrys minor Small Germander 3 Chamaedrys syluestris Wilde Germander 3 Wilde Germander hath little stalkes weake and feeble edged or cornered somewhat hairie and set as it were with ioints about the which by certaine distances there come forth at each ioint two leaues something broad nicked in the edges and something greater than the leaues of creeping Germander and softer The floures be of a gallant blew colour made of foure small leaues a peece standing orderly on the tops of the tender spriggie spraies after which come in place little huskes or seede vessels The root is small and threddie ¶ The Place These plants do grow in rocky and rough grounds and in gardens they do easily prosper The wilde Germander groweth in manie places about London in Medowes and fertil fields and in euery place wheresoeuer I haue trauelled in England ¶ The Time They floure and flourish from the end of May to the later end of August ¶ The Names Garden Germander is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaedrys of some Trissago Trixago and likewise Quercula minor notwithstanding most of these names do more properly belong to Scordium or water Germander in Italian Querciuola in English Germander or English Treacle in French Germandre Before creeping Germander was knowne this wilde kinde bare the name of Germander amongst the Apothecaries and was vsed for the right Germander in the compositions of Medicines but after the former were brought to light this began to be named Syluestris and Spuria Chamaedrys that is wilde and bastard Germander of some Teucrium pratense and without errour because all the sorts of plants comprehended vnder the title of Teucrium are doubtlesse kindes of Germander Of some it hath been thought to be the plant that Dioscorides called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hierabotane that is to say the Holie herbe if so bee that the Holie herbe and Verbenaca or Veruaine which is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 be sundrie herbes Dioscorides maketh them sundrie herbes describing them apart the one after the other but other Authors as Paulus Aetius and Oribasius make no mention of Herba Sacra the Holie herbe but onely of Peristereon and this same is found to be likewise called Hierabotane or the Holie Herb and therefore it is euident that it is one and the selse same plant called by diuers names the which things considered if they say so and say truely this wilde Germander cannot be Hierabotane at all as diuers haue written and said it to be ¶ The Temperature Garden Germander is of thin parts and hath a cutting facultie it is hot and drie almost in the third degree euen as 〈◊〉 doth write of Teucrium or wilde Germandet The wilde Germander is likewise hot and drie and is not altogether without force or power to open and clense it may be counted among the number of them that do open the liuer and spleen ¶ The Vertues Germander boiled in water and drunk deliuereth the bodie from all obstructions or stoppings diuideth and cutteth tough and clammie humors being receiued as aforesaid it is good for them that haue the cough and shortnesse of breath the strangurie or stopping of vrine and helpeth those which are entring into a dropsie The leaues stamped with honie and strained and a drop at sundrie times put into the eies takes away the web and hawe in the same or any dimnesse of sight It prouoketh mightily the termes being boiled in wine and the decoction drunk with a fomentation or bath made also thereof and the secret parts bathed therewith CHAP. 213 Of Tree Germander ¶ The Description 1 THe first kinde of Tree Germander riseth vp with a little straight stalke a cubite high wooddie and hard like vnto a small wooddie shrubbe The stalke diuideth it selfe from the bottome vnto the toppe into diuers branches whereon are set indented leaues nicked about the edges in shape not much vnlike the leafe of the common Germander The floures grow among the leaues of a purple colour The root is wooddie as is all the rest of the plant 1 Teucrium latifolium Tree Germander with broad leaues 2 Teucrium Pannonicum Hungarie Germander 2 The Tree Germander of Hungarie hath many tough threddie roots from which rise vp diuers weake and feeble stalks reeling this way and that way whereupon are set together by couples long leaues iagged in the edges not vnlike those of the vpright Fluellen on the tops of the stalks stand the floures Spike fashion thicke thrust together of a purple colour tending towards blewnesse ‡ 3 This which is the fourth of Clusius description hath diuers stalkes some cubite high foure square rough and set at certaine spaces with leaues growing by couples like those of the wilde Germander the tops of the stalkes are diuided into sundry branches carrying long spokes of blew floures consisting of foure leaues whereof the vppermost leafe is the largest and distinguished with veines after the floures are past follow such 〈◊〉 seed vessels as in Fluellen the root is fibrous and liues long sending forth euery yeare new branches ‡ ‡ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 maius Pannonicum Great Austrian Germander ‡ 4 Teucrium petraeum pumilum Dwarfe Rocke Germander 5 Teucrium Baeticum Spanish Tree Germander 6 Teucrium Alpinum Cisti flore Rough headed Tree Germander 4 This Dwarfe Germander sends vp stalkes some handfull high round not branched the leaues grow vpon these stalkes by couples thicke shining a little hairy and greene on their vpper sides and whitish below the tops of the stalkes carry spoky tufts of floures consisting of foure or fiue blewish leaues which falling there followes a seed-vessell
away with the winde being few in number and little in quantity so that without great diligence the seed is not to be gathered or preserued for my selfe haue often indeuoured to see it and yet haue lost my labour The roote is very thicke and of an excellent sweete sauour 1 Valeriana rubra Dodonaei Red Valerian 2 Behen album Spatling poppy 2 The second is taken for Spumeum papauer in respect of that kinde of frothy spattle or spume which we call Cuckow spittle that more aboundeth in the bosomes of the leaues of these plants than in any other plant that is knowne for which cause Pena calleth it Papaver spumeum that is frothy or spatling Poppy his floure doth very little resemble any kinde of Poppy but onely the seede and cod or bowle wherein the seede is contained otherwise it is like the other Ocymastrum the floures grow at the top of the stalkes hanging downewards of a white colour and it is taken generally for Behen album the roote is white plaine and long and very tough and hard to breake ¶ The Place The first groweth plentifully in my garden being a great ornament to the same and not common in England The second groweth almost in euery pasture ¶ The Time These plants do floure from May to the end of August ¶ The Names Red Valerian hath beene so called of the likenesse of the floures and spoked rundles with Valerian by which name we had rather haue it called than rashly to lay vpon itan vnproper name There are some also who would haue it to be a kinde of Behen of the later Herbarists naming the same 〈◊〉 rubrum for difference between it and the other Behenalbum that of some is called Ocymastrum and Papauer spumeum which I haue Englished Spatling Poppie and is in truth another plant much differing from Behen of the Arabians it is also called Valerianthon Saponaria altera Struthium Aldroandi and Condurdum in English red Valerian and red Cow Basill Spatling Poppie is called Behen album Ocymastrum alterum of some Polemonium and Papauer spumeum in English Spatling Poppie frothie Poppie and white Ben. ¶ The Nature These plants are drie in the second degree ¶ The Vertues The root of Behen Album drunke in wine is good against the bloudie fluxe and beeing pound leaues and floures and laid to cureth the stingings of Scorpions and such like venomous beasts insomuch that who so doth hold the same in his hand can receiue no damage or hurt by any venomous beast The decoction of the root made in water and drunke prouoketh vrine it helpeth the strangurie and paines about the backe and Huckle bone CHAP. 225. Of Mints ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of Mints some of the garden other wilde or of the field and also some of the water ¶ The Description 1 THe first tame or garden Mint commeth vp with stalkes foure square of an obscure red colour somewhat hairie which are couered with round leaues nicked in the edges like a saw of a deepe greene colour the floures are little and red and grow about the stalkes circle-wise as those of Pennie Royall the roote creepeth aslope in the ground hauing some strings on it and now and then in sundry places it buddeth out afresh the whole herbe is of a pleasant smell and it rather lieth downe than standeth vp 2 The second is like to the first in hairie stalkes something round in blackish leaues in creeping roots and also in smell but the floures do not at all compasse the stalke about but stand vp in the tops of the branches being orderly placed in little eares or rather catkines or aglets 3 The leaues of Speare-Mint are long like those of the Willow tree but whiter softer and more bairie the floures are orderly placed in the tops of the stalks and in ears like those of the second The root hereof doth also creepe no otherwise than doth that of the first vnto which it is like 4 There is another sort of Mint which hath long leaues like to the third in stalks yet in leaues and in roots lesser but the floures hereof stand not in the tops of the branches but compasse the stalks about circle-wise as do those of the first which be of a light purple colour 1 Mentha sativarubra Red Garden Mints 2 Mentha cruciata sive crispa Crosse Mint or curled Mint 3 Mentha Romana Speare Mint ‡ 4 Mentha Cardiaca Heart Mint ‡ 5 Mentha spicata 〈◊〉 Balsam Mint ¶ The Place Most vse to set Mints in Gardens almost euery where ¶ The Time Mints do floure and flourish in Sommer in Winter the roots onely remaine being once set they continue long and remaine 〈◊〉 and fast in the ground ¶ The Names Mint is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the sweet smell saith Pliny in his 19. booke cap. 8. hath changed the name among the Graecians when as otherwise it should be called Mintha from whence our old writers haue deriued the name for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth sweet and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 smel The Apothecaries Italians and French men do keepe the Latine name Mentha the Spaniards do call it Yerua buena and Ortelana in High Dutch Muntz in Low Dutch Munte in English Mint The first Mint is called in High Dutch Diement in Low Dutch Bruyn heylighe he that would translate it into Latin must call it Sacranigricans or the holy blackish mint in English browne Mint or red Mint The second is also called in High Dutch Krausz diement Krausz muntz and Krausz balsam that is to say Mentha cruciata in French Beaume crespu in English CrosseMint or curled Mint The third is called of diuers Mentha Sarracenica Mentha Romana it is called in High Dutch Balsam muntz Onser frawen muntz Spitzer muntz Spitzer balsam it may be called Mentha angustifolia that is to say Mint with the narrow leafe and in English Speare Mint common garden Mint our Ladies Mint browne Mint and Macrell Mint The fourth is called in High Dutch Hertzkraut as though it were to bee named Cardiaca or Cardiaca Mentha in English Hart-woort or Heart-mint ‡ This is the Sisymbrium sativum of Matthiolus and Mentha hortensis altera of Gesner the Italians call it Sisembrio domestico and Balsamita the Germanes Kakenbalsam ‡ ¶ The Temperature Mint is hot and drie in the third degree It is saith Galen somewhat bitter and harsh and it is inferiour to Calamint The smell of Mint saith Pliny doth stir vp the minde and the taste to a greedy desire to meat ¶ The Vertues Mint is maruellous wholesome for the stomacke it staieth the Hicket parbraking vomiting scowring in the Cholerike passion if it be taken with the iuice of a soure pomegranate It stoppeth the casting vp of bloud being giuen with water and vineger as Galen teacheth And in broth saith Pliny it staieth the floures and is singular good against
the whites that is to say that Mint which is described in the first place For it is found by experience that many haue had this kinde of flux staied by the continuall vse of this onely Mint the same being applied to the forehead or to the temples as Pliny teacheth doth take away the headache It is good against watering eies and all manner of breakings out in the head and against the infirmities of the fundament it is a sure remedie for childrens sore heads It is poured into the eares with honie water It is taken inwardly against Scolopenders Beare-wormes Sea-scorpions and serpents It is applied with salt to the bitings of mad dogs It will not suffer milke to cruddle in the stomacke Pliny addeth to wax soure therefore it is put in Milke that is drunke for feare that those who haue drunke thereof should be strangled It is thought that by the same vertue it is an enemy to generation by ouerthickning the seed Dioscorides teacheth that being applied to the secret part of a woman before the act it hindreth conception Garden Mint taken in meat or drinke warmeth and strengtheneth the stomacke and drieth vp all superfluous humours gathered in the same and causeth good digestion Mints mingled with the leaues of parched Barly consumeth tumors and hard swellings The water of Mints is of like operation in diuers medicines it cureth the trenching and griping paines of the belly and bowels it appeaseth headach staieth yexing and vomiting It is singular against the grauell and stone in the kidneies and against the strangurie being boiled in wine and drunke They lay it to the stinging of waspes and bees with good successe CHAP. 226. Of Nep or Cat Mint ¶ The Description 1 CAt Mint or Nep groweth high it bringeth forth stalks aboue a cubit long cornered chamfered and full of branches the leaues are broad nicked in the edges like 〈◊〉 of Bawme or of Horehound but longer The floures are of a whitish colour they partly compasse about the vppermost sprigs and partly grow on the very top they are set in a manner like an eare or catkin the root is diuersly parted and ful of strings and 〈◊〉 a long time The whole herbe together with the leaues and stalks is soft and couered with a white downe but lesser than Horse-mint it is of a sharpe smel and pearceth into the head it hath a hot taste with a certaine 〈◊〉 nesse ‡ 2 Our Authour figured this and described the next in the second place of this Chapter This hath pretty large square stalks set at each ioint with two leaues like those of Costmary but of a gray or ouerworn colour the floures grow at the tops of the stalks in long spokie tufts like those of the last described and of a whitish colour the smel is pleasanter than that of the last described ‡ 1 Mentha Felina seu Cattaria Nep or Cat-mint 2 Mentha Cattaria altera Great Cat-mint 3 There is also another kind hereof that hath a longer and narrower lease and not 〈◊〉 so white a colour the stalkes hereof are foure square the floures be more plentifull of a red light purple colour inclining to blew sprinkled with little fine purple specks the smell hereof is stronger but the taste is more biting ‡ The figure of this was formerly in the third place of the last chapter ‡ †3 Mentha Cattaria angustifolia Small Cat-Mint ¶ The Place The first growes about the borders of gardens and fields neere to rough bankes ditches and common wayes it is delighted with moist and waterie places it is brought into gardens ‡ The other two commonly grow in gardens with vs. ‡ ¶ The Time The Cat-Mints flourish by and by after the Spring they floure in Iuly and August ¶ The Names The later Herbarists do cal it Herba Cattaria and Herba Catti because the Cats are very much delighted herewith for the smel of it is so pleasant to them that they rub themselues vpon it and wallow or tumble in it and also feed on the branches and leaues very greedily It is named of the Apothecaries Nepcta but Nepeta is properly called as we haue said wilde Penny-royall in high-Dutch Katzen Muntz in Low-Dutch Catte cruijt in Italian Gattaria or herba Gatta in Spanish Yerua Gatera in English Cat Mint and Nep. ‡ The true Nepeta is Calamintha Pulegij odore ‡ ¶ The Temperature Nep is of temperature hot and dry and hath the faculties of the Calamints ¶ The Vertues It is commended against cold paines of the head stomacke and matrix and those diseases that grow of flegme and raw humors and of winde It is a present helpe for them that be bursten inwardly by meanes of some fall receiued from an high place and that are very much bruised if the iuyce be giuen with wine or mede It is vsed in baths and decoctions for women to sit ouer to bring downe their sicknesse and to make them fruitfull ‡ It is also good against those diseases for which the ordinarie Mints do serue and are vsed ‡ CHAP. 227. Of Horse-Mint or Water-Mint ¶ The Description 1 WAter Mint is a kinde of wilde Mint it is like to the first Garden M in t the leaues thereof are round the stalkes cornered both the leaues and stalkes are of a darke red colour the roots creepe far abroad but euery part is greater and the herbe it selfe is of a stronger smell the floures in the tops of the branches are gathered together into a round eare of a purple colour †2 The second kinde of water Mint in each respect is like the others sauing that the same hath a more odoriferous sauor being lightly touched with the hand otherwise being hardly touched the sauour is ouer hot to smell vnto it beareth his floures in sundry tufts or roundles ingirting the stalkes in many places and they are of a light purple colour the leaues are also lesse than those of the former and of an hoary gray colour 1 Mentha aquatica siue Sisymbrium Water Mint 2 Calamintha aquatica Water Calamint ‡ 3 Mentastrum Horse-Mint ‡ 4 〈◊〉 niueum Anglicum Party coloured Horse-Mint ‡ 5 Mentastrum minus Small Horse-Mint ‡ 6 Mentastrum montanum 1. 〈◊〉 Mountaine Horse-Mint ‡ 7 Mentastrum 〈◊〉 radice 〈◊〉 Turnep-rooted Horse-Mint 4 In some of our English gardens as 〈◊〉 and Lobel obserued growes another Horse-mint much lesse and better smelling than the last mentioned hauing the leaues partly greene and partly milke white yet sometimes the leaues are some of them wholly white but more and more commonly all greene the stalkes floures and other parts are like those of the former but lesse This is the Mentastrum 〈◊〉 Anglicum of Lobel and Mentastrum alterum of Dodonaeus 5 This growes in waterie places hauing a stalke of a cubit or cubit and halfe high set with longish hoary leaues like those of Horse-mint the floures grow in spokie tufts at the tops of the stalkes of a duskie purple
Aprill and beginning of May I haue not yet obserued either the floure or seed thereof ‡ ¶ The Place Water Crow-foot groweth by ditches and shallow Springs and in other moist and plashie places ¶ The Time It floureth in Aprill and May and sometimes in Iune ¶ The Names Water Crow-foot is called in Latine Ranunculus aquatilis and Polyanthemum aquatile in English Water Crow-foot and white water Crow-foot most Apothecaries and Herbarists do erroneously name it Hepatica aquatica and Hepatica alba and with greater error they mix it in medicines in stead of Hepatica alba or grasse of Parnassus ‡ I know none that commit this great error here mentioned neither haue I knowne either the one or the other euer vsed or appointed in medicine with vs in England though Dodonaeus from whom our Author had this and most else doe blame his countreymen for this mistake and error ‡ ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Water Crow-foot is hot and like to common Crow-foot CHAP. 303. Of Dragons 1 Dracontium maius Great Dragons †2 〈◊〉 minus Small Dragons ¶ The Description 1 Dracunculus aquatious Water Dragons 2 The lesser Dragon is like Aron or wake Robin in leaues hose or huske pestell and berries yet are not the leaues sprinkled with blacke but with whitish spots which perish not so soone as those of wake-Robin but endure together with the berries euen vntil winter these berries also be not of a deepe red but of a colour enclining to Saffron The root is not vnlike to the Cuckow-pint hauing the forme of a bulbe full of strings with diuers rude shapes of new plants whereby it greatly encreaseth ‡ The figure which our Authour heere gaue by the title of Dracuntium minus was no other than of Aron which is described in the first place of the next chapter neither is the description of any other plant than of that sort thereof which hath leaues spotted either with white or blacke spots though our Author say onely with white I haue giuen you Clusius his figure of Arum Byzantinum in stead of that which our Author gaue ‡ 3 The root of water Dragon is not round like a bulbe but very long creeping and ioynted and of meane bignesse out of the ioynts whereof arise the stalkes of the leaues which are round smooth and spongie within and there grow downewards certaine white and slender strings The fruit springs forth at the top vpon a short stalke together with one of the leaues being at the beginning couered with little white threds which are in stead of the floures after that it groweth into a bunch or cluster at the first greene and when it is ripe red lesser than that of Cuckow-pint but not lesse biting the leaues are broad greenish glib and smooth in fashion like those of Iuy yet lesser than those of Cuckow-pint and that thing whereunto the clustered fruit growes is also lesser and in that part which is towards the fruit that is to say the vpper part is white 4 The great Dragon of Matthiolus his description is a stranger not onely in England but elsewhere for any thing that we can learne my selfe haue diligently enquired of most strangers skilfull in plants that haue resorted vnto me for conference sake but no man can giue me any certaintie thereof and therefore I thinke it amisse to giue you his figure or any description for that I take it for a feigned picture ¶ The Place The greater and the lesser Dragons are planted in gardens The water Dragons grow in 〈◊〉 and marish places for the most part in fenny and standing waters ¶ The Time The berries of these plants are ripe in Autumne ¶ The Names The Dragon is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dracunculus The greater is named Serpentariamaior of some Bisaria and Colubrina Cordus calleth it Dracunculus Polyphyllos and Luph Crispum in high-Dutch Schlangenkraut in low-Dutch Speerwortele in French Serpentaire in Italian Dragontea in Spanish Taragontia in English Dragons and Dragon-wort Apuleius calleth Dragon Dracontea and setteth downe many strange names thereof which whether they agree with the greater or the lesser or both of them he doth not expound as Pythonion Anchomanes Sauchromaton Therion Schoenos Dorcadion Typhonion Theriophonon and Eminion Athenaeus sheweth that Dragon is called Aronia because it is like to Aron ¶ The Temperature Dragon as Galen saith hath a certaine likenesse with Aron or wake-Robin both in leaues and also in root yet more biting and more bitter than it and therefore hotter and of thinner parts it is also something binding which by reason that it is adjoined with the two former qualities that is to say biting and bitter is is made in like manner a singular medicine of very great efficacy ¶ The Vertues The root of Dragons doth clense and scoure all the entrailes making thinne especially thicke and tough humours and it is a singular remedy for vlcers that are hard to be cured named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It scoureth and clenseth mightely aswell such things as haue need of scouring as also white and blacke morphew being tempered with vineger The leaues also by reason that they are of like qualitie are good for vlcers and greene wounds and the lesse dry they are the fitter they be to heale for the dryer ones are of a more sharpe or biting quality than is conuenient for wounds The fruit is of greater operation than either the leaues or the root and therefore it is thought to be of force to consume and take away cankers and proud flesh growing in the nostrils called in Greeke Polypus also the juice doth clense away webs and spots in the eies Furthermore Dioscorides writeth that it is reported that they who haue rubbed the leaues or root vpon their hands are not bitten of the viper Pliny saith that serpents will not come neere vnto him that beareth Dragons about him and these things are read concerning both the Dragons in the two chapters of Dioscorides Galen also hath made mention of Dragon in his booke of the faculties of nourishments where he saith that the root of Dragon being twice or thrice sod to the end it may lose all his acrimony or sharpenesse is sometimes giuen as Aron or wake-Robin is when it is needfull to expell the more forceable thicke and clammy humours that are troublesome to the chest and lungs And Dioscorides writeth that the root of the lesser Dragon being both sodde and rost with honie or taken of it selfe in meate causeth the humours which sticke fast in the chest to be easily voided The juice of the garden Dragons as saith Dioscorides being dropped into the eies doth clense them and greatly amend the dimnesse of the sight The distilled water hath vertue against the pestilence or any pestilentiall feuer or poison being drunke bloud-warme with the best treacle or mithridate The smell of the floures is hurtfull to women newly conceiued with child CHAP. 304. Of Cockow pint or wake-Robin
iuice than Turbith Further Pena reporteth that afterward hee sent of this seed vnto Antwerpe where it grew very brauely the climing strings and branches growing vp to the height of fiue or six cubites not differing from that which was sowne in Italie Also William Dries of Antwerp a most excellent Apothecary did cut off the branches of his Antwerpian Scammonie from the root and dried them planted the seeds in his garden and conferred the superfluous branched roots with the Turbith of Alexandria and could not find them to differ or disagree the one from the other in any point But he that will know more concerning the making difference choice and vse of Scammony let him reade Pena in his chapter of Scammonie in the place formerly cited where he shall finde many excellent secrets worthy the noting of those which would know how to vse such rare and excellent medicines 2 Scammony of Valentia whereof I haue plentie inmy garden is also a kinde of Bindweed growing naturally by the sea side vpon the grauelly shore by the mouth of the riuer Rhodanus at the waters called Aquas Marianas where the Apothecaries of Montpellier gather of it great plentie who haue attempted to harden the milkie iuice thereof to vse it in stead of Scammonie of Antioch This plant bringeth forth many slender branches which will climbe and very well run vpon a pole as being supported therewith and mounteth to the height of fiue or six cubits climbing ramping like the first kinde of Scammonie The leaues are greene smooth plaine and sharpe pointed which being broken do yeeld abundance of milke the floures are white small and starre-fashion the roots white and many shooting forth sundry other roots whereby it mightily increaseth †3 This strange kinde of Scammonie which Clusius maketh rightly to be Periplocae species hath very many long branches ramping and taking hold of such things as do grow neere vnto them of a darkish ashe colour whereupon do grow leaues sharp pointed crooked at the setting on of the stalke like those of the blacke Bryonie and likewise of an ashe colour set together by couples from the bosome whereof thrust forth small tender foot-stalkes whereon are placed small white floures starre-fashion the seeds are contained in long coddes and are wrapped vp in downe like as those of Swallow-wort The root is very long slender and creeping like that of the small Bindweed so that if it once take in any ground it can hardly be destroyed ¶ The Place It doth grow in hot regions in a fat soile as in Misia Syria and other like countries of Asia it is likewise found in the Islland of Candia as 〈◊〉 witnesses from whence I had some seeds of which seed I receiued two plants that prospered exceeding well the one whereof I bestowed vpon a learned Apothecarie of Colchester which continueth to this day bearing both floures and ripe seed But an ignorant weeder of my garden plucked mine vp and cast it away in my absence in stead of a weede by which mischance I am not able to write heereof so absolutely as I determined it likewise groweth neere vnto the sea side about Tripolis in Syria where the inhabitants doe call it Meudheudi ¶ The Time It floured in my garden about S. Iames tide as I remember for when I went to Bristow Faire I left it in floure but at my returne it was destroyed as aforesaid ¶ The Names The Greekes call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Scammonium so naming not onely the plant it selfe but also the hard and condensed iuice of the Apothecaries Scammonea and when it is prepared Diagridium as though they should say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth a little teare both the herbe and iuice are named Scamony of Rhasis Coriziola ¶ The Temperature The iuice doth mightily purge by the stoole and is the strongest purge whatsoeuer for as Oribasius saith it is in no part ouercome by those things which stir and moue the body It worketh the same not vehemently by any hot qualitie but by some other hid and secret propertie of the whole substance for there is no extremitie of heat perceiued in it by taste for with what liquor or thing soeuer it is mixed it giueth vnto it no bitternesse biting or other vnpleasant taste at all and therefore it is not to be accounted among the extreme hot medicines but among those that are moderately hot and drie ¶ The Vertues It clenseth and draweth forth especially choler also thinne and waterish humours and oftentimes flegme yet is it as Paulus teacheth more hurtfull to the stomacke than any other medicine Mesues thinketh that it is not onely troublesome and hurtfull to the stomacke but also that it shaueth the guts gnawing and fretting the intrails openeth the ends of the veins and through the essence of his whole substance it is an enemy to the heart and to the rest of the inward parts if it be vsed immoderately and in time not 〈◊〉 it causeth swounings vomitings and ouerturnings of the stomacke scouring the bloudy flux and vlcers in the lower gut which bring a continuall desire to the stoole These mischiefes are preuented if the Scammonie 〈◊〉 boiled in a Quince and mixed with the slime or mucilage of Psillium called Fleawoort the pap or pulp of Prunes or other things that haue a slimie iuice with a little Masticke added or some other easie binding thing Plinie asfirmeth that the hurt thereof is taken away if Aloes be tempered with it Scammonie saith he ouerthroweth the stomack purgeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the belly vnlesse two drams of Aloes be put vnto one scruple of it which also Oribasius 〈◊〉 of in the first booke of his Synopses and the seuenth booke of his medicinall Collections The old Physitions were also wont to boile Scammonie in a Quince and to giue the Quince to be eaten hauing cast away the Scammonie and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so taken doth moue the belly without any hurt vnto the stomacke as Galen in his first booke of the Faculties of Nourishments doth set downe and likewise in his third booke of the 〈◊〉 of simple Medicines The Apothecaries do vse Scammonie prepared in a Quince which as we haue said they name Diagridium and do mix it in diuers compositions They keepe vsually in their shops two compositions or electuaries the one of Psillium or Flea woort set downe by 〈◊〉 the other of Prunes fathered vpon Nicolaus which were deuised for the tempering and correction of Scammony and be commended for hot burning agues and tertians and for what diseases soeuer that proceed of choler Galen hath taken Masticke and Bdellium out of the pilles called Cochiae which also conteine in them a great and sufficient quantitie of Scammonie as we may reade in his first booke of medicines according to the places affected which also we meane to touch in the chapter of Coloquintida where we intend to intreat at large concerning masticke and other binding things that are accustomed to be mixed for
in stalkes 〈◊〉 or floures the fruit hereof is for the most part fashioned like a bottle or flagon wherein especially consisteth the difference 1 Cucurbita anguina Snakes Gourd 2 Cucurbita lagenaria Bottle Gourds ¶ The Place The Gourds are cherished in the gardens of these cold regions rather for pleasure than for profit in the hot countries where they come to ripenesse there are sometimes eaten but with small delight especially they are kept for the rindes wherein they put Turpentine Oyle Hony and also serue them for pales to fetch water in and many other the like vses ¶ The Time They are planted in a bed of horse-dung in April euen as we haue taught in the planting of cucumbers they flourish in Iune and Iuly the fruit is ripe in the end of August ¶ The Names The Gourd is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucurbita edulis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Pliny Cucurbita Cameraria because it climeth vp and is a couering for arbours and walking places and banqueting houses in gardens he calleth the other which climeth not vp but lyeth crawling on the ground Cucurbita 〈◊〉 in Italian Zucca in Spanish 〈◊〉 in French Courge in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in low-Dutch 〈◊〉 in English Gourds ¶ The Temperature The meate or inner pulpe of the Gourd is of temperature cold and moist and that in the second degree ¶ The Vertues The iuyce being dropped into the eares with oyle of roses is good for the paine thereof proceeding of a hot cause The pulpe or meate mitigateth all hot swellings if it be laid thereon in manner of a pultis and being vsed in this manner it taketh away the head-ache and the inflammation of the eyes The same Author affirmeth that a long Gourd or else a Cucumber being laid in the cradle or bed by the young infant whilest it is asleepe and sicke of an ague it shall be very quickely made whole The pulpe also is eaten sodden but because it hath in it a waterish and thinne iuyce it yeeldeth small nourishment to the body and the same cold and moist but it easily passeth thorow especially being sodden which by reason of the slipperinesse and moistnesse also of his substance mollifieth the belly But being baked in an ouen or fried in a pan it loseth the most part of his naturall moisture and therefore it more slowly descendeth and doth not mollifie the belly so soone The seed allayeth the sharpnesse of vrine and bringeth downe the same CHAP. 348. Of the wilde Gourd 1 Cucurbita lagenaria syluestris Wilde Bottle Gourd 2 Cucurbita syluestris fungiformis Mushrome wilde Gourd ¶ The Description 1 THere is besides the former ones a certaine wilde Gourd this is like the garden Gourd in clymbing stalkes clasping tendrels and soft leaues and as it were downy all and 〈◊〉 one of which things being farre lesse this also clymbeth vpon Arbours and banquetting houses the fruit doth represent the great bellied Gourd and those that be like vnto bottles in forme but in bignesse it is very farre inferiour for it is small and scarse so great as an 〈◊〉 Quince and may be held within the compasse of a mans hand the outward rinde at the first is greene afterwards it is as hard as wood and of the colour thereof the inner pulpe is moist and very full of iuyce in which lieth the seed The whole is as bitter as Coloquintida which hath made so many errors one especially in taking the fruit Coloquintida for the wilde Gourd 2 The second wilde Gourd hath likewise many trailing branches and clasping tendrels wherwith it taketh hold of such things as be neere vnto it the leaues be broad deepely cut into diuers sections like those of the Vine soft and very downy whereby it is especially knowne to be one of the Gourds the floures are very white as are also those of the Gourds The fruit succeedeth growing to a round forme flat on the top like the head of a Mushrome whereof it tooke his syrname ¶ The Place They grow of themselues wilde in hot regions they neuer come to perfection of ripenesse in these cold countries ¶ The Time The time answereth those of the garden ¶ The Names The wilde Gourd is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cucurbita syluestris or wilde Gourd Pliny lib. 20. cap. 3. affirmeth that the wilde Gourd is named of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is hollow an inch thicke not growing but among stones the iuyce whereof being taken is very good for the stomacke But the wilde Gourd is not that which is so described for it is aboue an inch thicke neither is it hollow but full of iuyce and by reason of the extreme bitternesse offensiue to the stomacke Some also there be that take this for Coloquintida but they are far deceiued for Colocynthis is the wilde 〈◊〉 Cucumber whereof we haue treated in the chapter of 〈◊〉 ¶ The Temperature The wilde Gourd is as hot and dry as Coloquintida that is to say in the second degree ¶ The Vertues The wilde Gourd is extreme bitter for which cause it openeth and scoureth the stopped passages of the body it also purgeth downwards as do wilde Melons Moreouer the wine which hath continued all night in this Gourd likewise purgeth the belly mightily and bringeth forth cholericke and flegmaticke humors CHAP. 349. Of Potato's Sisarum Peruvianum 〈◊〉 Batata Hispanorum Potatus or Potato's ¶ The Description THis Plant which is called of some Sisarum Peruvianum or Skyrrets of Peru is generally of vs called Potatus or Potatoes It hath long rough flexible branches trailing vpon the ground like vnto Pompions whereupon are set greene three cornered leaues very like vnto those of the wilde Cucumber There is not any that haue written of this planthaue said any thing of the floures therefore I refer their description vnto those that shall hereafter haue further knowledge of the same Yet haue I had in my garden diuers roots that haue flourished vnto the first approch of Winter and haue growne vnto a great length of branches but they brought not forth any floures at all whether because the Winter caused them to perish before their time of flouring or that they be of nature barren of floures I am not certaine The roots are many thicke and knobbie like vnto the roots of Peionies or rather of the white Asphodill ioyned together at the top into one head in maner of the Skyrrit which being diuided into diuers parts and planted do make a great increase especially if the greatest roots be cut into diuers goblets and planted in good and fertile ground ¶ The Place The Potatoes grow in India Barbarie Spaine and other hot regions of which I planted diuers roots that I bought at the Exchange in London in my garden where they flourished vntil Winter at which time they perished and rotted ¶ The Time It flourisheth vnto the end of September at the first approch of great frosts the
thin and waterish and if they happen to putrifie in the stomacke their nourishment is naught The distilled water drunke with white Wine is good against the passion of the heart reuiuing the spirits and making the heart merry The distilled water is reported to scoure the face to take away spots and to make the face faire and smooth and is likewise drunke with good successe against the stone in the kidnies The leaues are good to be put into Lotions or washing waters for the mouth and the priuie parts The ripe Straw-berries quench thirst coole heat of the stomack and inflammation of the liuer take away if they be often vsed the rednesse and heate of the face CHAP. 387. Of Angelica ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers kindes of Angelica's the garden Angelica that of the water and a third sort wilde growing vpon the land 1 Angelica satina Garden Angelica 2 Angelica syluestris Wilde Angelica ¶ The Description 1 Concerning this plant Angelica there hath bin heretofore some contention and controuersie Cordus calling it Smyrnium some later writers Costus niger but to auoid cauill the controuersie is soone decided sith it and no other doth assuredly retaine the name Angelica It hath great broad leaues diuided againe into other leaues which are indented or snipt about much like to the vppermost leaues of Sphondylium but lower tenderer greener and of a stronger sauor among which leaues spring vp the stalkes very great thicke and hollow sixe or seuen soot high ioynted or kneed from which ioynts proceed other armes or branches at the top whereof grow tufts of whitish floures like Fennell or Dill the root is thicke great and oilous out of which issueth if it be cut or broken an oylie liquor the whole plant as well leaues stalkes as roots are of a reasonable pleasant sauour not much vnlike Petroleum There is another kinde of true Angelica found in our English gardens which I haue obserued being like vnto the former sauing that the roots of this kinde are more fragrant and of a more aromaticke sauor and the leaues next the ground of a purplish red colour and the whole plant lesser ‡ 3 Archangelica Great wilde Angelica 2 The wilde Angelica which seldome growes in gardens but is found to grow plentifully in water soken grounds and cold moist medowes is like to that of the garden saue that his leaues are not so deepely cut or iagged they be also blacker and narrower The stalkes are much slenderer and shorter and the floures whiter the root much smaller and hath more threddy strings appendant thereunto and is not so strong of sauour by a great deale 3 Matthiolus and Gesner haue made mention of another kinde of Angelica but we are very slenderly instructed by their insufficient descriptions notwithstanding for our better knowledge and more certain assurance I must needs record that which my friend Mr. Bredwell related to me concerning his sight thereof who found this plant growing by the 〈◊〉 which compasseth the house of Mr. Munke of the parish of Iuer two miles from Colbrook and since that I haue seene the same in low fenny and marshy places of Essex about Harwich This plant hath leaues like vnto the garden Angelica but smaller and fewer in number set vpon one rib a great stalke grosse and thicke whose ioynts and that small rib whereon the leafe growes are of a reddish colour hauing many long branches comming forth of an husk or case such as is in the common garden Parsnep the floures doe grow at the top of the branches and are of a white colour and 〈◊〉 fashion which being past there succeed broad long and thicke seeds longer and thicker than garden Angelica the root is great thicke white of little sauour with some strings appendant thereto ‡ This of our Authors description seemes to agree with the Archangelica of Lobel Dodonaeus and Clusius wherefore I haue put their figure to it ‡ ¶ The Place The first is very common in our English gardens in other places it growes wilde without planting as in Norway and in an Island of the North called Island where it groweth very high It is eaten of the inhabitants the barke being pilled off as we vnderstand by some that haue trauelled into Island who were sometimes compelled to eate hereof for want of other food and they report that it hath a good and pleasant taste to them that are hungry It groweth likewise in diuers mountaines of Germanie and especially of Bohemia ¶ The Time They floure in Iuly and August whose roots for the most part do perish after the seed is ripe yet haue I with often cutting the plant kept it from seeding by which meanes the root and plant haue continued sundry yeares together ¶ The Names It is called of the later age Angelica in high-Dutch 〈◊〉 Brustwurtz or des 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Spiritus sancti radix the root of the holy Ghost as witnesseth Leonhartus Fuchsius in low-Dutch Angeliika in French Angelic in English also Angelica It seemeth to be a kind of Laserpitium for if it be compared with those things which Theophrastus at large hath written concerning Silphium or Laserpitium in his sixth booke of the historie of plants it shall appeare to be answerable thereunto But whether wild Angelica be that which Theophrastus calleth Magydaris that is to say another kinde of Laserpitium we leaue to be examined and considered of by the learned Physitians of our London Colledge ¶ The Temperature Angelica especially that of the garden is hot and dry in the third degree therefore it openeth attenuateth or maketh thin 〈◊〉 and procureth sweat ¶ The Vertues The roots of garden Angelica is a singular remedy against poison and against the plague and all infections taken by euill and corrupt aire if you do but take a peece of the root and hold it in your mouth or chew the same between your teeth it doth most certainely driue away the pestilentiall aire yea although that corrupt aire haue possessed the hart yet it driueth it out again by vrine and sweat as Rue and Treacle and such like Antipharmaca do Angelica is an enemy to poisons it cureth pestilent diseases if it by vsed in season a dram weight of the pouder hereof is giuen with thin wine or if the feuer be vehement with the distilled water of 〈◊〉 benedictus or of Tormentill and with a little vineger and by it selfe also or with Treacle of Vipers added It openeth the liuer and spleene draweth downe the termes driueth out or expelleth the secondine The 〈◊〉 of the root made in wine is good against the cold shiuering of agues It is reported that the root is auaileable against witchcraft and inchantments if a man carry the same about them as Fuchsius saith It attenuateth and maketh thin grosse and tough flegme the root being vsed greene and while it is full of juice helpeth them that be asthmaticke dissoluing and expectorating the stuffings therein by cutting off and clensing the parts affected
foot high diuided into sundry branches whereon grow vmbels of whitish floures the seeds are like but larger than those of the common Parsley and when they are ripe they commonly sow themselues and the old roots die and the young ones beare seed the second yeere after there sowing ‡ ¶ The Place It is sowne in beds in gardens it groweth both in hot and cold places so that the ground be either by nature moist or be oftentimes watered for it prospereth in moist places and is delighted with water and therefore it naturally commeth vp neere to fountaines or springs Fuchsius writeth that it is found growing of it selfe in diuers fenny grounds in Germany ¶ The Time It may be sowne betime but it slowly commeth vp it may oftentimes be cut and cropped it bringeth forth his 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 be ripe in Iuly or August ¶ The 〈◊〉 Euery one of the 〈◊〉 is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but this 〈◊〉 named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Apium hortense the Apothecaries and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 name it Petroselinum in high 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in low Dutch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in French du Persil in Spanish 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Salsa in Italian 〈◊〉 in English Persele Parsely common Parsley and garden Parsley Yet is it not the true and right Petroselinum which groweth among rockes and 〈◊〉 whereupon it tooke his name and whereof the best is in Macedonia therefore they are 〈◊〉 who thinke that garden Parsley doth not differ from stone Parsley and that the onely difference is for that Garden Parsley is of lesse force than the wilde for wilde herbes are more strong 〈◊〉 operation than those of the garden ¶ The Temperature Garden Parsley is hot and dry but the seed is more hot and dry which is hot in the second degree and dry almost in the third the root is also of a moderate heate ¶ The Vertues The leaues are pleasant in sauces and broth in which besides that they giue a 〈◊〉 taste they be also singular good to take away stoppings and to prouoke vrine which thing the roots likewise do notably performe if they be boiled in broth they be also delightful to the taste and agreeable to the stomacke The seeds are more profitable for medicine they make thinne open prouoke vrine dissolue the stone breake and waste away winde are good for 〈◊〉 as haue the dropsie draw downe menses bring away the birth and after-birth they be commended also against the cough if they be mixed or boiled with medicines made for that purpose lastly they resist poisons and therefore are mixed with treacles The roots or the seeds of any of them boiled in ale and drunken cast forth strong venome or poison but the seed is the strongest part of the herbe They are also good to be put into clysters against the stone or torments of the guts CHAP. 367 Of water Parsley or Smallage Eleoselinum siue Paludapium Smallage ¶ The Description SMallage hath greene smooth and glittering leaues cut into very many parcels yet greater and broader than those of common Parsley the stalkes be chamfered and diuided into branches on the tops whereof stand little white floures after which doe grow seeds something lesser than those of common Parsley the roote is fastened with many strings ¶ The Place This kinde of Parsley delighteth to grow in moist places and is brought from thence into gardens ‡ It growes wilde abundantly vpon the bankes in the salt marshes of Kent and Essex ‡ ¶ The Time It flourishes when the garden Parsley doth and the stalke likewise commeth vp the next yeere after it is sowne and then also it bringeth forth seeds which are ripe in Iuly and August ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Gaza Paludaplum in shops Apium absolutely without any addition in Latine Palustre Apium and Apium rusticum in high Dutch 〈◊〉 in low Dutch 〈◊〉 and of diuers 〈◊〉 in Spanish and Italian Apio in French de 〈◊〉 in English Smallage Marsh Parsley or water Parsley ¶ The Temperature This Parsley is like in temperature and vertues to that of the garden but it is both hotter and drier and of more force in most things this is seldome eaten neither is it 〈◊〉 good for 〈◊〉 but it is very profitable for medicine ¶ The Vertues The juice thereof is good for many things it clenseth openeth attenuateth or maketh thin it remooueth obstructions and prouoketh vrine and therefore those syrrups which haue this mixed with them as that which is called Syrupus 〈◊〉 open the stoppings of the liuer and spleene and are a remedy for long lasting agues whether they be tertians or quartains and all other which proceed both of a cold cause and also of obstructions or stoppings and are very good against the yellow jaundise The same juice doth perfectly cure the malicious and venomous vlcers of the mouth and of the almonds of the throat with the decoction of Barly and Mel Rosarum or hony of Roses added if the parts be washed therewith it likewise helpeth all outward vlcers and foule wounds with hony it is profitable also for cankers exulcerated for although it cannot cure them yet it doth keep them from putrifaction and preserueth them from stinking the seed is good for those things for which that of the Garden Parsley is yet is not the vse thereof so safe for it hurteth those that are troubled with the falling sickenesse as by euident proofes it is very well knowne Smallage as Pliny writeth hath a peculiar vertue against the biting of venomous spiders The juice of Smallage mixed with hony and beane floure doth make an excellent mundificatiue for old vlcers and malignant sores and staieth also the weeping of the cut or hurt sinewes in simple members which are not very fatty or fleshie and bringeth the same to perfect digestion The leaues boiled in hogs grease and made into the forme of a pultis take away the paine of felons and whitlowes in the fingers and ripen and heale them CHAP. 398. Of Mountaine Parsley Oreoselinum Mountaine Parsley ¶ The Description THe stalke of mountaine Parsley as Dioscorides writeth is a span high growing from a slender root vpon which are branches and little heads like those of Hemlock yet much slenderer on which stalkes do grow the seed which is long of a sharpe or biting taste slender and of a strong smell like vnto Cumin but we can not find that this kinde of Mountaine Parsley is knowne in our age the leaues of this we here giue are like those of common parsley but greater and broader consisting of many slender footstalkes fastened vnto them the stalke is short the floures on the spoked tufts be white the seed small the root is white and of a meane length or bignesse in taste somewhat biting and bitterish and of a sweet smell ¶ The Place Dioscorides writeth that mountaine Parsley groweth vpon rockes and mountaines And Dodonaeus affirmeth that this
much to say as Mouse prickle and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say 〈◊〉 Asparagus or Stone Sperage it is also named in Latine Asparagus syluestris and Corruda ¶ The Temperature The roots of the garden Sperage and also of the wilde doe clense without manifest heate and drinesse ¶ The Vertues The first sprouts or naked tender shoots hereof be oftentimes sodden in flesh broth and eaten or boyled in faire water and seasoned with oyle vineger salt and pepper then are serued at mens tables for a sallad they are pleasant to the taste easily concocted and gently loose the belly They 〈◊〉 prouoke vrine are good for the kidnies and bladder but they yeeld vnto the body little nourishment and the same moist yet not faultie they are thought to increase seed and stir vp lust CHAP. 458. Of Horse-taile or Shaue-grasse ¶ The Description 1 GReat Horse-taile riseth vp with a round stalke hollow within like a Reed a cubit high compact as it were of many small pieces one put into the end of another sometimes of a reddish colour very rough and set at euery ioint with many stiffe rush-like leaues or rough bristles which maketh the whole plant to resemble the taile of a horse whereof it tooke his name on the top of the stalke do stand in stead of floures clustered and thicke Catkins 〈◊〉 vnlike to the first shoots of Sperage which is called Myacantha the root is ioynted and creepeth 〈◊〉 the ground 2 This small or naked Shaue-grasse wherewith Fletchers and Combe-makers do rub and polish their worke 〈◊〉 out of the ground like the first shoots of Asparagus iointed or kneed by certaine distances like the precedent but altogether without such bristly leaues yet exceeding rough and cutting the root groweth aslope in the earth like those of the Couch-grasse 1 Equisetum maius Great Horse-taile 2 Equisetum nudum Naked Horse-taile 3 Horse-taile which for the most part groweth among corne and where corne hath been hath a very slender root and single from which rise vp diuers iointed stalkes whereon doe grow verie long rough narrow iointed leaues like vnto the first described but thicker and rougher as is the rest of the plant 4 Water Horse-taile that growes by the brinks of riuers and running streams and often in the midst of the water hath a very long root according to the depth of the water grosse thicke and iointed with some threds anexed thereto from which riseth vp a great thick iointed stalke whereon do grow long rough rushy leaues pyramide or steeple fashion The whole plant is also tough hard and fit to shaue and rub wooden things as the other 5 This kinde of Horse-taile that growes in woods and shadowie places hath a small root and single from which riseth vp a rough chamfered stalke ioynted by certaine spaces hauing at each ioynt two bushes of rough bristly leaues set one against another like the other of his kinde 3 Equisetum segetale Corne Horse-taile 4 Equisetum palustre Water Horse-taile 5 Equisetum 〈◊〉 Wood Horse-taile 6 Cauda equina foemina Female Horse-taile 9 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Italian rushie 〈◊〉 taile 6 The female Horse taile 〈◊〉 for the most part in waterish places and by the brinks of small rills and pirling brookes it hath a long root like that of Couch grasse from which rise vp diuers hollow stalkes set about at certaine distances with smal leaues in rundles like those of Woodroofe altogether barren of seed and floure whereof it was called by Lobel Polygonon foemina semine 〈◊〉 ‡ This is sometimes found with tenne or more seedes at each ioynt whence Bauhine hath called it 〈◊〉 palustre breuioribus folijs poly spermon ‡ ‡ 7 In some boggie places of this kingdome is found a rare and pretty Hippuris or Horse taile which growes vp with many little branches some two or three inches high putting forth at each ioynt many little leaues clustering close about the stalke and set after the 〈◊〉 of other Horse-tailes towards the tops of the branches the ioynts are very thicke the colour of the whole plant is gray a little inclining to green very brittle and as it were stony or grauelly like Coralline and will crash vnder your feet as if it were frozen and if you chew it you shall finde it all stonie or grauelly My friend Mr. Leonard Buckner was the first that found this plant and brought it to me he had it three miles beyond Oxford a little on this side Euansham-ferry in a bog vpon a common by the Beacon hill neere Cumner-wood in the end of August 1632. Mr. Bowles hath since found it growing vpon a bog not far from Chisselhurst in Kent I question whether this bee not the Hippuris lacustris quaedam folijs 〈◊〉 arenosis of Gesner but if Gesners be that which Bauhine in his 〈◊〉 pag. 24. sets forth by the name of Equisetum nudum minus variegatum then I iudge it not to be this of my description for Bauhines differs from this in that it is without leaues and ofttimes bigger the stalks of his are hollow these not so this may be called Hippuris Coralloides Horse-taile Coralline 8 Towards the later end of the yeare in diuers ditches as in Saint Iames his Parke in the ditches on the backe of Southwarke towards Saint Georges fields c. you may finde couered ouerwith water a kinde of stinking Horse-taile it growes sometimes a yard long with many ioints and branches and each ioint set with leaues as in the other Horse-tailes but they are somewhat iagged or diuided towards the tops I take this to be the Equisetum faetiduni sub aqua repens described in the fist place of Bauhinus his 〈◊〉 we may call it in English Stinking water Horse-taile ‡ 9 Clusius hath set forth a plant that he referreth vnto the stocke of Horse-tailes which he thus describeth it hath many twiggie or rushie stalks whereupon it was called Iuncaria and may bee Englished Rush-weed the leaues grow vpon the branches like those of Flax on the toppes of the stalks grow small chassie floures of a whitish colour The seed is small and blacke of colour The root is little and white the whole plant is sweetish in taste 10 Dodonaeus setteth forth another Horse-taile which he called climing Horse-taile or horstaile of Olympus There is saith he another plant like Horse-taile but greater and higher It riseth vp oftentimes with a stalke as big as a mans arme diuided into many branches out of which there grow long slender sprigs very full of ioints like to the first Horse-taile The floures stand about the ioints of a mossie substance small as are those of the Cornell tree in places whereof grow vp red fruit full of sowre iuice not vnlike to little Mulberries in which is the seed The root is hard and wooddie This growes now and then to a great height and sometimes lower Bellonius writeth in his Singularities that it hath been seene to be equall in height with the Plane 〈◊〉
Montanum 1. of Clusius and Cirsium alterum of Lobel It floures in Iune the root is about the thicknesse of ones little finger fibrous also and liuing 5 This sends vp long narrow leaues hairy and set about the edges with slender prickles out of the middest of these leaues growes vp a stalke sometimes a foot otherwhiles a cubit high slender stiffe and downy vpon which grow leaues somewhat broad at their setting on and there also a little nicked or cut in this stalke sometimes hath no branches otherwhiles two or three long slender ones at the tops whereof grow out of 〈◊〉 heads such floures as the common Knap-weed ‡ 5 Cirsium montanum Anglicum Single headed Thistle ‡ Cirsij Anglici alia Icon 〈◊〉 Pennies figure of the same ‡ Cirsij Anglici Icon Lobelij Lobels figure of the same ‡ 6 〈◊〉 mollis folijs dissectis 〈◊〉 leaued Thistle gentle ‡ 7 Carduus mollis folijs Lapathi Docke leaued Thistle-gentle 6 These also Clusius whom I herein 〈◊〉 addeth to the kindes of Thistles This iagged leafed one which he calleth Carduus mollior primus hath many leaues at the root both spred vpon the ground and also standing vpright and they are couered with a white and soft downinesse yet greene on the vpper side they are also much diuided or cut in euen to the middle rib like to the 〈◊〉 or tenderer leaues of the Starre Thistle they haue no prickles at all vpon them 〈◊〉 of the middest of these leaues grow vp one or two stalkes round crested purplish hoarie and some cubit or better high The leaues that grow vpon the lower part of the stalke are diuided those aboue not so the tops of the stalkes sometimes yet very seldome are parted into branches which cary scaly heads containing elegant floures made of many purple strings The floure decaying there succeeds a cornered seed the root somtimes equalls the thickenesse of ones 〈◊〉 brownish long and somewhat fibrous It floures in May and growes vpon the hilly places of Hungarie 7 The stalke of this is some foot or 〈◊〉 high thicke crested and somwhat hairy the leaues about the root are somwhat large aud in shape like those of Bonus Henricus abusiuely called in English Mercurie somewhat sinuated about the edges and set with harmelesse prickles greene aboue and verie hoarie vnderneath like the leaues of the white Poplar those that grow vpon the stalke are lesser and narrower out of whose bosomes towards the tops of the stalke grow out little branches which carry three foure or more little scaly heads like those of the Blew-Bottle or Knapweed whereout grow threddy blewish purple floures the seed is wrapped in downe and not vnlike that of Blew-Bottle the root is blacke hard and liuing sending forth shoots on the sides It growes vpon the highest Austrian Alpes and floures in Iuly Clusius calls this 〈◊〉 mollior Lapathi folio ¶ The Temperature and Vertues These plants seeme by their taste to be of a moderately heating and drying facultie but 〈◊〉 of them are vsed in medicine nor haue their vertues set downe by any Author ‡ CHAP. 494. Of three leafed Grasse or Medow Trefoile ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of three leafed Grasses some greater others lesser some beare floures of one colour some of another some of the water and others of the land some of a sweet smel others stinking and first of the common medow Trefoiles called in Irish Shamrockes 1 Trifolium pratense Medow Trefoile ‡ 3 Trifolinm maius flore albo Great white Trefoile ¶ The Description 1 MEdow Trefoile bringeth forth stalkes a cubit long round and something hairy the greater part of which creepeth vpon the ground whereon do grow leaues consisting of three ioyned together one standing a little from another of which those that are next the ground and roots are rounder and they that grow on the vpper part longer hauing for the most part in the midst a white spot like a halfe moon The floures grow on the tops of the stalkes in a tuft or small Fox-taile care of a purple colour and sweet of taste The seed groweth in little huskes round and blackish the root is long wooddy and groweth deepe 2 There is another of the field Trefoiles differing from the precedent especially in the colour of the floures for as those are of a bright purple contrariwise these are very white which maketh the difference The leaues floures and all the whole plant is lesse than the former 3. 4. There is also a Trefoile of this kinde which is sowne in fields of the Low-Countries in 〈◊〉 and diuers other places beyond the seas that commeth vp ranker and higher than that which groweth in medowes and is an excellent food 〈◊〉 cattell both to fatten them and cause them to 〈◊〉 great store of milke ‡ 4 Trifolium maius flo purpureo Great purple Trefoile ‡ 5 Trifolium luteum Lupulinum Hop Trefoile ‡ 6 Trifolium luteum minimum Little yellow Trefoile 5. 6. Likewise we haue in our fields a smaller Trefoile that bringeth forth yellow floures a greater and a lesser and diuers others also differing from these in diuers notable points the which to distinguish apart would greatly inlarge our volume and yet to small purpose therefore we leaue them to be distinguished by the curious who may at the first view easily perceiue the difference and also that they be of one stocke or kindred ‡ The greater of these yellow Trefoiles hath prety large yellow heads which afterward become of a brownish colour and somewhat resemble a Hop whence Thalius called it Lupulus syluaticus or Trifolium luteum alterum lupulinum Dodonaeus cals it Trifolium agrarium The leaues are small and lightly nickt about the edges The lesser hath smaller and far lesser yellow heads which are succeeded by many little crooked clustring seeds the leaues of this are small and also snipt about the edges both this the other haue two little leaues close by the fastning of the foot-stalkes of the leaues to the main stalks wherfore I refer them to the Medicks and vsually cal this later Medica sem 〈◊〉 It is the Trifol luteum minimum of 〈◊〉 and Lobel and Trifolium arvense of Tabern ‡ ¶ The Place Common Medow Trefoile groweth in medowes fertile 〈◊〉 and waterish grounds The others loue the like soile ¶ The Time They floure from May to the end of Sommer ¶ The Names Medow Trefoile is called in Latine Trifolium pratense in High Dutch 〈◊〉 in low Dutch Claueren in French Treffle and Trainiere and Visumarus as Marcellus an old writer testifieth in English Common Trefoile Three-leafed grasse of some Suckles and Honi-suckles Cocksheads and in Irish Shamrocks ¶ The Temperature The leaues and floures of Medow Trefoiles are cold and drie ¶ The Vertues The decoction of three leaued Grasse made with honie and vsed in a clyster is good against the frettings and paines of the guts and driueth forth tough and slimie humours that cleaue vnto the
than the 〈◊〉 one 3 The blew Lupines are longer than the yellow and diuided into more wings and branches the leaues be lesser and thinner the floures small and lesser than the yellow of a blew colour the seeds be also of diuers colours bitter and lesser than any of them all ‡ 4 There is also another blew Lupine whose leaues stalks floures and cods are like but larger than those of the first described the floures are of colour blew with some whitenesse here and there intermixt ‡ ¶ The Place and Time They require saith 〈◊〉 a sandy and bad soile they hardly come vp in tilled places being of their owne nature wilde they grow in my garden and in other mens gardens about London They are planted in Aprill and bring sorth their fruit at two or three sundrie times as though it did floure often and bring forth many crops the first in May the second in Iuly the last in September but it seldome commeth to ripenesse ¶ The Names This pulse is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lupinus and Lupinus 〈◊〉 in high Dutch Feigbonen in Italian Lupino domestico in Spanish Entramocos in the Brabanders language 〈◊〉 boonen and Lupinen in French Lupins in English Garden Lupine tame Lupine and of some after the German name Fig-beane ¶ The Temperature and Vertues The seed of the garden Lupine is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say much and often vsed as Galen saith in his books of the Faculties of Nourishments for the same being boiled and afterwards steeped in faire water vntill such time as it doth altogether lose his naturall bitternes and lastly being seasoned with a reasonable quantitie of salt it is eaten with pickle The Lupine is of an hard and earthy substance wherefore it is necessarily of hard digestion and containeth in it a thicke iuice of which being not perfectly concocted in the veines is ingendred a bloud or iuice which is properly called crude or raw but when it hath lost all his bitternes by preparing or dressing of it as aforesaid it is like 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say to such things as are without relish which is perceiued by the taste being so prepared it is as Galen writeth in his books of the Faculties of simple medicines one of the emplaistickes or clammers But whilest the naturall bitternesse doth as yet remaine it hath power to clense and to consume or waste away it killeth wormes in the belly being both applied in manner of an ointment and giuen with hony to licke on and also drunke with water and vineger Moreouer the decoction thereof inwardly taken voideth the wormes and likewise if it be sundry times outwardly vsed as a bath it is a remedy against the morphew sore heads the small Pox wilde scabs gangrenes venomous vlcers partly by clensing and partly by consuming and drying without biting being taken with Rew and Pepper that it may be the pleasanter it scoureth the liuer and milt It bringeth downe the menses and expelleth the dead childe if it be layed to with 〈◊〉 and honie Moreouer the meale of Lupines doth waste or consume away without any biting qualitie for it doth not onely take away blacke and blew spots that come of dry beatings but also it cureth 〈◊〉 and Phymata but then it is to be boiled either in vineger or oxymell or else in water and vineger and that according to the temperature of the grieued parties and the diuersities of the diseases Quod ex vsu est 〈◊〉 and it also taketh away blew marks and what thing soeuer else we haue said the decoction could do all the same doth the meale likewise performe These Lupines 〈◊〉 Dioscorides doth furthermore write being boiled in raine water till they yeeld a certaine creame are good to clense and beautifie the face They cure the 〈◊〉 in sheepe with the root of blacke Chameleon Thistle if they be washed with the warme decoction The 〈◊〉 boiled with water and drunke prouoketh vrine The Lupines being made sweet and pleasant mixed with vineger and drunk take away the lothsomnesse of the stomacke and cause a good appetite to meat Lupines boiled in that strong leigh which Barbars do vse and some Wormwood Centorie and bay salt added thereto stay the running and spreading of a Gangroena and those parts that are depriued of their nourishment and begin to mortifie and staieth the ambulatiue nature of running and spreading vlcers being applied thereto very hot with stuphes of cloth or tow CHAP. 510. Of Peason ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sorts of Peason differing very notably in many respects some of the garden and others of the field and yet both counted tame some with tough skinnes or membranes in the cods and others haue none at all whose cods are to be eaten with the Pease when they be young as those of the young Kidney 〈◊〉 others carrying their fruit in the tops of the branches are esteemed and taken for Scottish Peason which is not very common There be diuers sorts growing wild as shall be declared 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pease 2 Pisum minus Garden and field Pease ¶ The Description 1 THe great Pease hath long 〈◊〉 hollow brickle of a whitish green colour branched and spread vpon the ground vnlesse they be held vp with proppes set neere vnto them the leafe thereof is wide and long made vp of many little leaues which be smooth white growing vpon one little stalke or stem and set one right against another it hath also in the vpper part long clasping tendrels wherewith it foldeth it selfe vpon props and staies standing next vnto 3 Pisum vmbellatum Tufted or Scottish Pease 4 Pisum excorticatum Pease without skins in the cod 5 Pisum syluestre Wilde Pease 6 Pisum perenne syluestre Euerlasting wilde Pease 2 The field Pease is so very well knowne to all that it were a needlesse labour to spend time about the description 3 Tufted Pease are like vnto those of the field or of the garden in each respect the difference consisteth onely in that that this plant carrieth his floures and fruit in the tops of the branches in a round 〈◊〉 or vmbel contrary to all other of his kinde which bring forth their fruit in the midst and alongst the stalks the root is thicke and fibrous 4 Pease without skins in the cods differ not from the precedent sauing that the cods hereof want that tough skinny membrane in the same which the hogs cannot eat by reason of the toughnesse whereas the other may be eaten cods and all the rest euen as Kidney beanes are which being so dressed are exceeding delicate meat 5 The wilde Pease differeth not from the common field Pease in stalke and leaues sauing that this wilde kinde is somewhat lesser the 〈◊〉 are of a yellow colour and the fruit is much lesser 6 The Pease whose root neuer dies 〈◊〉 not from the wilde Pease onely his continuing without sowing being once sowne or
planted setteth forth the difference ¶ The Place Pease are set and sown in gardens as also in the 〈◊〉 in all 〈◊〉 of England The tufted Pease are in reasonable plenty in the West part of 〈◊〉 about Sennocke or Seuenock in other places not so 〈◊〉 The wilde Pease do grow in pastures and 〈◊〉 fields in diuers places specially about the field belonging vnto Bishops Hatfield in 〈◊〉 ¶ The Time They be sowne in the Spring time like as be also other pulses which are ripe in Summer they prosper best in warme weather and easily take harme by cold especially when they floure ¶ The Names The great Pease is called in Latine 〈◊〉 Romanum or 〈◊〉 maius in English Roman Pease or the greater Pease also garden Pease of some Branch Pease French Pease and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and other old Writers do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Pisum in low Dutch Roomsche 〈◊〉 in French 〈◊〉 Pois The little Pease is called of the Apothecaries euery where Pisum and 〈◊〉 it is called in English little Pease or the common Pease ¶ The Temperature and Vertnes The Pease as Hippocrates saith is lesse windie than Beans but it passeth sooner through the belly Galen writeth that Peason are in their whole substance like vnto Beanes and be eaten after the same manner that Beans are notwithstanding they differ from them in these two things both because they are not so windie as be the beanes and also for that they haue not a clensing faculty and therefore they do more slowly descend through the belly They haue no effectuall qualitie manifest and are in a meane between those things which are of 〈◊〉 and bad iuice that nourish much and little that be windie and without winde as Galen in his booke of the Faculties of Nourishments hath written of these and of beans CHAP. 511. Of the 〈◊〉 or Garden Ciche ¶ The Description GArden Ciche bringeth forth round stalks branched and somewhat hairy leaning on the one side the leaues are made of many little ones growing vpon one stem or rib and set one right against another of which euery one is small broad and nicked on the edges lesser than the leaues of wilde Germander the floures be smal of colour either white or of a reddish purple after which come vp little short cods puffed vp as it were with winde like little bladders in which doe lie two or at the most three seeds cornered small towards the end with one sharp corner not much vnlike to a Rams head of colour either white or of a reddish blacke purple in which is plainly seen the place where they begin first to sprout The root is slender white and long For as Theophrastus saith the Ciche taketh deepest root of all the Pu ses ¶ The Place It is sowen in Italy Spaine and France euery where in the fields It is sowen in our London 〈◊〉 but not common Cicer sativum Garden Ciche ¶ The Time It is sowne in Aprill being first steeped in water a day before the fruit is ripe in August ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer 〈◊〉 or Rams Ciches of the blackish purple colour Cicer nigrum vel 〈◊〉 blacke or red Ciche and the other is named Cand dum 〈◊〉 album 〈◊〉 orwhite Ciche in English Common Cich or Ciches red 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Sheepes Ciche Pease or Sheepes Ciche Peason ¶ The Temperature and 〈◊〉 The Ciche as Galen writeth in his booke of the Faculties of nourishments is no lesse 〈◊〉 than the true Bean but it yeeldeth a stronger nourishment than that doth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lust and it is thought to ingender seed Some giue the same to stalion borses Moreouer Ciches do scoure more than do the true Beanes insomuch as certaine of them do manifestly diminish or 〈◊〉 away the stones in the Kidneyes those be the blacke and little Ciches called Arutina or 〈◊〉 Ciches but it is better to drinke the broth of them sodden in water Both the Rams Ciches as Dioscorides saith the white and the blacke proucke 〈◊〉 if the decoction therof be made with Rosemary and giuen vnto those that haue either the Dropsie or yellow iaundice but they are hurtfull vnto the bladder and Kidneies that haue vlcers 〈◊〉 them CHAP. 512. Of wilde Ciches ¶ The Kindes THe wilde Ciche is like to the tame saith Dioscorid 〈◊〉 but it differeth in seed the later writers haue set downe two kindes hereof as shall be declared ¶ The Description 1 THe first wilde Cich bringeth forth a great number of stalks branched lying flat on the ground about which be the leaues consisting of many vpon one rib as do those of the garden Ciche but not nicked in the edges more like to the leaues of 〈◊〉 the fioures come forth fastned on small stems which grow close to the stalks of a pale yellow colour and like vnto eares in their places come vp little cods in forme and bignesse of the fruit of garden Ciches black and something hairie in which lieth the seed that is smal hard flat and glittering in taste like that of Kidney Beane the root groweth deepe fastened with many strings 2 There is another kinde of wilde Cich that hath also a great number of stalks lying vpon the ground about which stand soft leaues something hairy and white consisting of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 standing vpon a middle rib the least of which stand neerest to the stem and the greatest at the very too the floures come forth at the bottome of the leaues many together of colour 〈◊〉 after which grow small long huskes soft and hairy in cuery one whereof is a little cod in which lie two seeds like little Cichlings 1 Cicer syluestre The wilde Cich 2 Cicer syluestre 〈◊〉 Broad leafed wilde Cich ¶ The Place These plants are sowne in the parts beyond the seas for to feed their cattell with in winter as we do tares vetches and such other base pulse ¶ The Time The time answereth the Vetch or tare ¶ The Names Thewild Cich hath no other name in Latine but Cicer syluestre the later writers haue not found any name at all ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Their temperature and vertues are referred to the garden Cich as Theophrastus 〈◊〉 and Galen saith that the wilde Cich is in all things like vnto that of the garden but in Physicks vse more effectuall by reason it is more hotter and drier and also more biting and bitter CHAP. 513. Of Lentils ¶ The Description 1 THe first Lentil growes vp with slender stalks and leaues which be somwhat hard growing aslope from both sides of the rib or middle stalke narrow and many in number like those of Tares but narrower and lesser the floures be small tending somewhat towards a purple the cods are little and broad the seeds in these are in number three or foure little round plaine and flat the roots are small and threddy 2 The second kinde of Lentill hath small tender and pliant
it is manifest and therefore it is not to be doubted at all but that the same is the Onobrychis of the old Writers it may be called in English red Fetchling or as some suppose Medick Fitch or Cockes-head ¶ The Temperature These herbs as Galen hath written in his books of the Faculties of simple Medicines do 〈◊〉 or make thin and waste away ¶ The Vertues Therefore the leaues thereof when it is greene being but as yet layed vpon hard swellings waxen kernals in manner of a salue do waste and consume them away but beeing dried and drunke in wine they cure the strangurie and laied on with oile it procureth sweat Which things also concerning Onobrychis Dioscorides hath in these words set downe the herbe stamped and applied wasteth away hard swellings of the kernels but beeing drunke with wine it helpeth the strangurie and rubbed on with oile it causeth sweatings CHAP. 524. Of Bastard Dittanie Fraxinella Bastard Dittanie ¶ The Description BAstard Dittanie is a very rare and gallant plant hauing many browne stalks somwhat rough diuided into sundry small branches garnished with leaues like Liquorice or rather like the leaues of the Ash tree but blacker thicker and more ful of iuice of an vnpleasant sauor among which grow floures consisting of fiue whitish leaues stripped with red whereof one which groweth vndermost hangeth downe low but the four which grow vppermost grow more stiffe and vpright out of the midst of this floure commeth forth a tassell which is like a beard hanging also downwards and somewhat turning vp at the lower end which beeing vaded there come in place foure huskes ioined together much like the husks or coddes of Columbines somewhat rough without slimie to handle and of a lothsome sauour almost like the smell of a goat whereupon some Herbarists haue called it Tragium in the cods are contained small black shining seeds like Peonie seeds in colour the roots are white a finger thicke one twisting or knotting within another in tast somwhat bitter There is another kinde hereof growing in my garden not very much differing the leaues of the one are greater greener harder and sharper pointed of the other 〈◊〉 not so hard nor so sharpe pointed the floures also hereof be somthing more bright coloured and of the other a little redder ¶ The Place Bastard Dittany groweth wilde in the monntaines of Italy and Germanie and I haue it growing in my garden ¶ The Time It floureth in Iune and Iuly the seed is ripe in the end of August ¶ The Names The later Herbarists name it Fraxinella most 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as though they should say Humilis Fraxinus or a low Ash in English bastard or false Dittanie the shops call it 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 but not truly and vse oftentimes the roots hereof in stead of the right Dittanie That it is not the right Dittanie it is better knowne than needfull at all to be confuted and it is as euident that the same is not Dioscorides his Pseudodictamnum or bastard Dittanie but it is plaine to be a kinde of Tragium of the old Writers wherewith it seemeth to agree in shew but not in substance ‡ The root of this is onely vsed in shops and there knowne by the name of Radix Diptamni 〈◊〉 Dictamni ‡ ¶ The Temperature The root of bastard Dittanie is hot and dry in the second degreee it is of a wasting attenuating and opening facultie ¶ The Vertues It bringeth downe the menses it also bringeth away the birth and after birth it helpeth cold diseases of the matrix and it is reported to be good for those that haue ill stomackes and are short winded They also say that it is profitable against the stingings and bitings of venomous serpents against deadly 〈◊〉 against contagious and pestilent diseases and that it is with good 〈◊〉 mixed with counterpoisons The seed of Bastard Dittanie taken in the quantitie of a dram is good against the strangury prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone in the bladder and driueth it forth The like vertue hath the leaues and iuice taken after the same sort and being applied outwardly it draweth thornes and splinters out of the flesh The root taken with a little Rubarb killeth and driueth forth wormes Dioscorides reporteth that the wilde Goats being stricken with darts or arrowes will eat Dictam and thereby cause them to fall out of their bodies which is meant of the right Dictam though Dodonaeus reporteth that this plant will do the like which I do not beleeue ‡ nor 〈◊〉 affirme ‡ CHAP. 525. Of Land Caltrops Tribulus terrestris Land Caltrops ¶ The Description LAnd Caltrops hath long branches full 〈◊〉 ioints spred abroad vpon the ground garnished with many leaues set vpon a middle rib after the manner of Fetches 〈◊〉 which grow little yellow branches consisting of fiue smal leaues like vnto the floures of Tormentill I neuer saw the plant beare yellow but white floures agreeing with the description of 〈◊〉 in each respect saue in the colour of the floures which 〈◊〉 turne into small square fruit rough and full of prickles wherein is a small kernell or seed the root is white and full of strings ¶ The Place It groweth plentifully in Spain in the fields it is hurtful to corne but yet as Pliny saith it is rather to be accounted among the diseases of corne than among the plagues of the earth it is also found in most places of Italy France I found it growing in a moist medow adioyning to the wood or Park of Sir Francis Carew 〈◊〉 Croidon not far from London and not elsewhere from whence I brought plants sor my garden ¶ The Time It floureth in Iune and Iuly the fruit is ripe in August ¶ The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Tribulus and that it may differ from the other which groweth in the water it is named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Tribulus terrestris it may be called in English land Caltrops of the likenesse which the fruit hath with Caltrops that are instruments of 〈◊〉 cast in the way to annoy the feet of the Enemies horses as is before remembred in the Water Saligot ¶ The Temperature and Vertues In this land Caltrop there is an earthy and cold qualitie abounding which is also binding as Galen saith The fruit thereof being drunke wasteth away stones in the kidneyes by reason that it is of thin parts Land Caltrops saith Dioscorides being 〈◊〉 to the quantitie of a French crowne weight and 〈◊〉 applied cureth the bitings of the Viper And if it be drunke in wine it is a remedie against poysons the 〈◊〉 thereof sprinckled about killeth fleas ‡ CHAP. 526. Of Spring or mountaine 〈◊〉 or Vetches ‡ 1 Orobus Venetus Venice Pease ‡ 2 Orobus syluaticus vernus Spring Pease ¶ The Description ‡ 1 THis which Clusius calls Orobus Venetus hath many cornered stalkes some foot long whereon grow winged leaues foure or six fastned to one rib standing by
longer and narrower than those of the wild strong smelling Rue the floures be white composed of fiue white leaues the fruit is three square bigger than that of the planted Rue in which the seed lieth the root is thick long and blaekish this Rue in hot countries hath a maruellous strong smell in cold Countries not so ‡ 6 This which Matthiolus gaue for 〈◊〉 3. and Lobel Clusius and others for Ruta canina hath many twiggy branches some cubit and halfe high whereon grow leaues resembling those of the Papauer Rhaeas or Argemone lesser thicker and of a blackish greene the floures are of a whitish purple colour fashioned somewhat like those of Antirrhinum the seed is small and contained in such vessels as those of Rue or rather those of Blattaria The whole plant is of a strong and vngratefull smell it growes in the hot and dry places about Narbon in France Rauenna and Rome in Italy ‡ ¶ The Place Garden Rue ioyeth in sunny and open places it prospereth in rough and brickie ground and among ashes it cannot in no wise away with dung The wilde are found on mountaines in hot countries as in Cappadocia Galatia and in diuers prouinces of Italy and Spaine and on the hills of Lancashire and Yorke Pliny saith that there is such friendship betweene it and the fig tree that it prospers no where so well as vnder the fig tree The best for physicks vse is that which groweth vnder the fig tree as Dioscorides saith the cause is alledged by Plutarch in the first booke of his Symposiacks or Feasts for he saith it becommeth more sweet and milde in taste by reason it taketh as it were some part of the sweetnes of the fig tree whereby the ouer rancke quality of the Rue is allayd vnlesse it be that the fig tree whilest it draweth nourishment vnto it selfe it likewise draweth away the rancknesse of the Rue ¶ The Time They floure in these cold countries in Iuly and August in other countries sooner ¶ The Names The first which is Hortensis Ruta garden Rue in high-Dutch Rauten in low-Dutch 〈◊〉 the Italians and Apothecaries keepe the Latine name in Spanish Aruda in French Rue de 〈◊〉 in English Rue and Herbe-Grace Wilde Rue is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Peganon in Latine Ruta syluestris or wilde Rue in Galatia and Cappadocia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of diuers Harmala of the Arabians Harmel of the Syrians Besara ¶ The Temperature Rue is hot and dry in the later end of the third degree and wild Rue in the fourth it is of 〈◊〉 and subtill parts it wasts and consumes winde it cutteth and digesteth grosse and tough humors ¶ The Vertues Rue or Herbe-Grace prouokes vrine brings downe the sicknes expels the dead child and after-birth being inwardly taken or the decoction drunke and is good for the mother if but smelled to Plin. lib. 20. ca. 13. saith it opens the matrix and brings it into the right place if the belly all ouer and the share the brest say the old false copies be anointed therewith mixed with hony it is a remedie against the inflammation and swelling of the stones proceeding of long abstinence from venerie called of our English Mountebanks the Colts euill if it be boyled with Barrowes grease Bay leaues and the pouders of Fenugreeke and Linseed be added thereto and applied pultis wise It takes away crudity and rawnesse of humors and also windines and old paines of the stomack Boiled with vineger it easeth paines is good against the stitch of the side and chest and shortnes of breath vpon a cold cause and also against the paine in the ioynts and huckle bones The oile of it serues for the purposes last recited it takes away the collicke and pangs in the 〈◊〉 not only in a clister but also anointed vpon the places affected But if this oile be made of the oile pressed out of Lineseed it will be so much the better and of singular force to take away hard swellings of the spleene or milt It is vsed with good successe against the dropsie called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being applied to the belly in manner of a pultis The herb a little boiled or scalded and kept in pickle as Sampier and eaten quickens the sight The same applied with honey and the iuyce of Fennell is a remedie against dim eyes The iuyce of Rue made hot in the rinde of a pomegranat and dropped into the eares takes away the paine thereof S. Anthonies 〈◊〉 is quenched therewith it killeth the shingles and running vlcers and sores in the heads of yong children if it be tempered with Ceruse or white Lead vineger and oile of roses and made into the forme of 〈◊〉 or Triapharmacon Dioscorides saith that Rue put vp in the nosthrils stayeth bleeding Of whose opinion Pliny also is when notwithstanding it is of power rather to procure bleeding through the sharpe and biting qualitie that it hath The leaues of Rue beaten and drunke with wine are an antidote against poisons as Pliny saith Dioscorides writeth that a twelue penny weight of the seed drunke in wine is a counterpoyson against deadly medicines or the poyson of Wolfs-bane Ixia Mushroms or Tode-stooles the biting of Serpents stinging of Scorpions spiders bees hornets and wasps and it is reported that if a man be anointed with the iuyce of Rue these will not hurt him and that the Serpent is driuen away at the smell thereof when it is burned insomuch that when the Weesell is to fight with the Serpent she armeth her selfe by eating Rue against the might of the Serpent The leaues of Rue eaten with the kernels of wallnuts or figs stamped together and made into a masse or paste is good against all euill aires the pestilence or plague resists poyson and all venom Rue boiled with Dil Fennell seed and some Sugar in a sufficient quantitie of wine swageth the torments and griping paines of the belly the paines in the sides and breast the difficulty of breathing the cough and stopping of the lungs and helpeth such as are declining to a dropsie The iuyce taken with Dill as aforesaid helpeth the cold fits of agues and alters their course it helpeth the inflammation of the fundament and paines of the gut called Rectum intestinum The iuyce of Rue drunke with wine purgeth women after their deliuerance driuing forth the secondine the dead childe and the vnnaturall birth Ruevsed very often either in meate or drinke quencheth and drieth vp the naturall seed of generation and the milke of those that giue sucke The oile wherein Rue hath beene boyled and infused many dayes together in the Sun warmeth and chafeth all cold members if they be anointed therewith also it prouoketh vrine if the region of the bladder be anointed therewith If it be ministred in clisters it expells windinesse and the torsion or gnawing paines of the guts The leaues of garden 〈◊〉 boiled in water and drunke causeth one to make water
wine and with a few Anise seeds for so it worketh without any maner of trouble and helpeth those that haue the dropsie But it must be 〈◊〉 for certaine daies together in a little wine to those that haue need thereof The gelly of the Elder otherwise called 〈◊〉 eare hath a binding and drying qualitie the infusion thereof in which it hath bin steeped a few houres taketh away inflammations of the mouth and almonds of the throat in the 〈◊〉 if the mouth and throat be washed therewith and doth in like manner helpe the uvula Dioscorides saith that the tender and greene leaues of the Elder tree with barley meale parched do 〈◊〉 hot swellings and are good for those that are burnt or scalded and for such as be bitten with a mad dog and that they glew and heale vp hollow vlcers The pith of the young boughes is without qualitie This being dried and somewhat pressed or quashed together is good to lay vpon the narrow orifices or holes of fistula's and issues if it be put therein CHAP. 78. Of Marish or Water Elder 1 Sambucus aquatilis siue palnstris Marish or water Elder 2 Sambucus Rosea The Rose Elder ¶ The Description 1 MArish Elder is not like to the common Elder in leaues but in boughes it groweth after the manner of a little tree the boughes are couered with a barke of an ill fauoured Ash colour as be those of the common Elder they are set with ioints by certaine distances and haue in them great plenty of white pith therefore they haue lesse wood which is white and brittle the leaues be broad cornered like almost to Vine leaues but lesser and foster among which come forth spoked rundles which bring forth little floures the vttermost whereof alongst the borders be greater of a gallant white colour euery little one consisting of fiue leaues the other in the midst and within the borders be smaller and it floures by degrees and the whole 〈◊〉 is of a most sweet smell after which come the fruit or berries that are round like those of the common Elder but greater and of a shining red colour and blacke when they be withered 2 Sambucus Rosea or the Elder Rose groweth like an hedge tree hauing many knotty branches or shoots comming from the root full of pith like the common Elder the leaues are like the vine leaues among which come forth goodly floures of a white colour 〈◊〉 and dashed here and there with a light and thin Carnation colour and do grow thicke and closely compact together in quantitie and bulke of a mans hand or rather bigger of great beauty and sauoring like the floures of the Haw-thorne but in my garden there groweth not any fruit vpon this tree nor in any other place for ought that I can vnderstand 3 This kinde is likewise an hedge tree very like vnto the former in stalks and branches which are iointed and knotted by distances and it is full of white pith the leaues be likewise cornered the floures hereof grow not out of spoky rundles but stand in a round thicke and globed tuft in bignesse also and fashion like to the former sauing that they tend to a deeper purple colour wherin only the difference consists ¶ The Place Sambucus palustris the water Elder growes by running streames and water courses and in hedges by moist ditch sides The Rose Elder groweth in Gardens and the floures are there doubled by Art as it is supposed ¶ The Time These kindes of Elders do floure in Aprill and May and the fruit of the water Elder is ripe in September ¶ The Names The water Elder is called in Latine Sambucus aquatica and Sambucus palustris it is called Opulus and Platanus and also Chamaeplatanus or the dwarfe Plane tree but not properly Valerius Cordus maketh it to be Lycostaphylos the Saxons saith Gesner do call it Vua Lupina from whence Cordus inuented the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is named in high-Dutch 〈◊〉 holder and 〈◊〉 holder in low Dutch Swelcken and Swelckenhout of certaine French men Obiere in English Marish Elder and Whitten tree Ople tree and dwarfe Plane tree The Rose Elder is called in Latine Sambucus Rosea and Sambucus aquatica being doubtles a kind of the former water Elder the floures being doubled by art as we haue said it is called in Dutch 〈◊〉 Roose in English Gelders Rose and Rose Elder ¶ The Temperature and Vertues Concerning the faculties of these Elders and the berries of the Water Elder there is nothing found in any writer neither can we set downe any thing hereof of our owne knowledge CHAP. 79. Of Dane-Wort Wall-Wort or Dwarfe Elder ¶ The Description DAne-wort as it is not a shrub neither is it altogether an herby plant but as it were a Plant participating of both being doubtles one of the Elders as may appeare both by the leaues floures and fruit as also by the smell and taste Wall-wort is very like vnto Elder in leaues spoky tufts and fruit but it hath not a wooddie stalke it bringeth sorth only greene stalks which wither away in Winter these are edged and full of ioynts like to the yong branches and shoots of Elder the leaues grow by couples with distances wide and consist of many small leaues which stand vpon a thicke ribbed stalke of which euery one is long broad and cut in the edges like a saw wider and greater than the leaues of the common Elder tree at the top of the stalkes there grow tufts of white floures tipt with red with fiue little chiues in them pointed with blacke which turne into blacke berries like the Elder in the which be little long seed the root is tough and of a good and reasonable length better for Physicks vse than the leaues of Elder Ebulus siue Sambucus 〈◊〉 Dane-wort or dwarfe Elder ¶ The Place Dane-wort growes in vntoiled places neere common waies and in the borders of fields it groweth plentifully in the lane at Kilburne Abbey by London also in a field by S. Ioans neere Dartford in Kent and also in the high-way at old Branford townes end next London and in many other places ¶ The Time The floures are perfected in Sommer and the berries in Autumne ¶ The Names It is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is humilis Sambucus or low Elder it is called in Latine Ebulus and Ebulum in high-Dutch Attich in low-Dutch Adich in Italian Ebulo in French Hieble in Spanish Yezgos in English Wall-wort Dane-wort and dwarfe Elder ¶ The Temperature Wall-wort is of temperature hot and drie in the third degree and of a singular qualitie which Galen doth attribute vnto it to wast and consume and also it hath a strange and speciall facultie to purge by the stoole the roots be of greatest force the leaues haue the chiefest strength to digest and consume ¶ The Vertues The roots of Wall-wort boiled in 〈◊〉 and drunken are good against the dropsie for they purge downwards watery
dog 465 Hetons bill 940 Heath of 〈◊〉 or Heath rose 1386 Heath and 〈◊〉 kindes 1380. to 1386 spurge 1505 Hedgehog 〈◊〉 1177 Hedgehog grasse 17 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 302 Hedge 〈◊〉 861 〈◊〉 Hyssop 564 581 〈◊〉 and his Kindes White 440 blacke 978 blacke 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides 1002 〈◊〉 rd blacke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 976 Helmet floure 972 yellow Helmet floure 970 Hemiocke and his Kindes 1061. 1062 Hempe and his Kindes 708 Hempe tree 1487 Wilde or 〈◊〉 Hempt 709 Water Hompe 711 Henbane and his Kindes 353. to 359 of 〈◊〉 358 yellow 356 Henne 8 Heubit 617 Hens bill see Onobrychis Hens foot i. Hedge 〈◊〉 Hens 〈◊〉 see Cocks combe Good Henry 〈◊〉 English Mercury Hep tree 1269 Herbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Herbe Ferula 1056 Herbe Carpenter 633 Herbe William 1036 Gerard i. 〈◊〉 1001 Paris 405 Grace i. 〈◊〉 and his Kindes Benet 996 〈◊〉 1203 Iuy i. Harts Horne 〈◊〉 Robert 939 Two pence 〈◊〉 Aloes 507 〈◊〉 or ground 〈◊〉 525 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 swimming herbe or Ducks meate 829 Herbe 〈◊〉 1010 holy Herbe 〈◊〉 Hercules his 〈◊〉 Wort 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 164 Hindeberry and his Kindes 1272 Hipwort 530 〈◊〉 hirse 83 Hissop and his Kindes 379 Hockes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hogs beans i. blew 〈◊〉 413 Hogs Fennell 1053 Holme Holly and Huluer with his kinds 1339 Holme or Holyoke 1342 Holyhocke and his Kinds 928 Holy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 blessed 〈◊〉 Holy seed 1101 Holly rose and his Kindes from 1275 to 1292 Sea Holly sea Holme sea Huluer 1162. 1163 bastard sea Hollies 1164 Holwort or Hollow root and his Kindes 190 Homlocks i. herbe Bennet 1061 Homlocks also is Filipendula Wilde or Water Homlocks 1063 Stinking Homlocke 1062 Small Honesty i. Pinckes Honewort 1018 Houywort sée 〈◊〉 538 Honysuckle and his Kindes 891 1294 1185 Hop and his Kindes 885 Hop 〈◊〉 1186 Hooded willow herbe 477 Hooke heale 633 Horehound and his Kindes 694 Wilde 702 Water or marish 700 blacke or stinking 701 Horne beame or Hard = beametree 1479 〈◊〉 sea Poppy 367 Horestrong or Horestrange 1055 Horse = tongue 908 Horse floure see Melampirum 90 Horse = heale i. Elecampane Horse hoofe 812 Horse foot 814 Horshooe 1235 〈◊〉 i. Shauegrafse and his kinds 1113 Horsemint 684 Water Housleeke 826 sea 〈◊〉 great 510 Hounds tongue or pisse 804 Hound-berry tree 1467 Hundred headed 〈◊〉 see Champion sea Holly 1163 〈◊〉 sickle i. Blew bottle Hyacinths see Jacinths Hyssop see 〈◊〉 I IAcke of the buttery 515 Iacke by the hedge i. 〈◊〉 garlickwort 796 Iacinth and his Kindes from 106 to 120 S Iames wort Ragwort 280 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Iesse 892 Iewes thorne i. 〈◊〉 thorne Ierusalem Artichoke 753 Imperiall Lilly or Crowne Imperiall 202 Incense root see Frankincense Rosematic Indian 〈◊〉 1080 reed i. Flouring reed 39 Molly or Molle 1530 Sun floure 751 Fig tree 1512 1514 Tobaco 358 〈◊〉 85 Wheat 83 〈◊〉 83 Mirabolans or plums 1500 〈◊〉 btlls 1545 nut trees 1522 Cresses 252 Pannicke 84 Beanes 1544 〈◊〉 1487 Moutner Sorrowfull tree 1527 Swallow wort i. 〈◊〉 899 leafe i. Tamalapatra 1534 Sweet Iohns and his kindes 599 Square S. Iohns wort 542 S Iohns wort and his Kindes 540 S. Iohns bread 1429 Iobs 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 88 Ione 〈◊〉 pin i. double 〈◊〉 Iosephs floure that is God to Bed at noone Ireos i. the root of the white Flower de iuce 〈◊〉 i. Hyssop 〈◊〉 i. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or wood made stones Italtan Fitch 1252 wood of life commonly called Lignum vitae 1495 〈◊〉 1369 Nanslwort 530 Datmeale looke Panicum 84 85 Rocket see Rheseda 277 Iucca or 〈◊〉 1543 Iudas tree 1428 Ivp and his Kindes 858 Ground Iuy 856 〈◊〉 and his Kindes 1372 1629 〈◊〉 tree 1501 the greater 1605 Ianos teares 718 Iupiters eye or beard 511 Iupiters distaffe 769 Iuray Darnell K KArse see Cresses S. Katharines 〈◊〉 1085 〈◊〉 233 Kernelwort 716 Kexc 1062 Kidney bean and his Kindes from 1211 to 1216 Kidney beane of Brasil 1214 Kidney beane of Egypt America 1214 1215 Kidney 〈◊〉 1240 Kik and 〈◊〉 see Palma Christi 496 Kindely 〈◊〉 i. Berried 〈◊〉 1376 Kings speare 96 King Cob i. Crowfoot Kipper nut 1064 Kite Keyes 1472 〈◊〉 Knapweed see 〈◊〉 Knée hulver 907 Knapweed and his Kindes 727 Knawell and Parsly 〈◊〉 i. small Saxifrage 566 Kneeholme 907 〈◊〉 grasse 15 Knights spurre 1083 Knights Milfoile 1074 Knights water Sengreen 826 gold Knops i. Crowfoot Knot berry 1630 〈◊〉 grasse 1565 1566. 1567 Knotty Couch grasse 23 L LAcca and his rotten tree 1533 Dur Ladies shooe see out Ladies slipper Ladies Bedstraw 1126 Our Ladies haire 1144 Ladies combe 1040 Ladies glasse see Uenns looking glasse Ladies bower 887 our Ladies 〈◊〉 1150 Lady 〈◊〉 26 Lady smocks 259 260 Ladies seale i. wilde Briony 871 Ladies 〈◊〉 1. great 〈◊〉 949 Lambes Lettuce 310 Lancashire 〈◊〉 96 Land 〈◊〉 1246 Londonets May bush i. White thorue 〈◊〉 or wilde 〈◊〉 798 〈◊〉 Spurge see Esula maior or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Larks spurre and Larkes heele or Larkes clam 1083 Larks spurre or Larks heele wolfes 〈◊〉 971. 973 Larch or Larix tree 1365 Laserwort 1006 Lauen der cotton 1019 Lauender spike 〈◊〉 sea Lauender 411 Launce for a Lad see Cats tasle 〈◊〉 of Alexondris 909 Laurel or Bay tree 1407 Laurel or spurge Laurell 1405 Leeke and his Kindes 174. 176 Leadwort 447. 1254 Leather 〈◊〉 1474 Lentilli and his 〈◊〉 1224 Lentiske or Masticke tree 1432 Leopards bane fee A 〈◊〉 969 Lettuce and his kindes 306. c. Liblong 590 Lichwale 609 Lignum 〈◊〉 1622 Lignum bite 1495. 1611 Lilly 〈◊〉 i May Lilly 410 red or purple 192. 193 great and small mountaine Lilly 196 200 Water 819 red at Constantinople 197 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lilly i. Moly White Lilly and also White Lilly of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Limon tree 1464 Limewort see Viscaria 601 Linden or Lins tree and his Kindes 1483 Ling see Heath Lingwort 441 Lions Turnep 236 Lions foot see Leontopodion 642 643 Lions leafe see Lions turnep Lions foot or paw 949 Liquerice or Licorice and his Kindes 1302 Liriconfancy i. May Lilly Liue in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 long i. Spanish Orpine Liuer wort and his Kindes 1565 white 840 wood 1567 noble Linerwort i. Garden Trefoile 1203 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 955 London Tufts 599 Lockrom Goulons 955 London Tufts 599 Lote tree 1493 Louage 1008 bastard 1048 Lonseherbe or Lousewort i. Stauesacre 〈◊〉 774 Louse 〈◊〉 1549 Loose strife i. Lysimachia 474 Lowry i. Louriel 1405 Lowsis grasss 977 Lungwort 304. 808. 1585 sea 1567 tree 1566 Lung floure 438 Luptues and his Kindes 1217 Lustwort i. Sun Dew Lysimachia i. Loose strife M Mad apples 345 Madder and his kindes 1118 Madney 1009 Galens Madwoort 465 Magydare 1007 〈◊〉 and his kindes 1143. 1144 1146 Common Maidenhaire 1146 Garden Mallow and his kindes 928 The Wilde Mallow 930 〈◊〉 Mallow or cut Mallow 931 Marsh Mallow 933 Yellow Mallow 935 Uenice Mallow 936 〈◊〉 1608 Mandrake and his kindes 352 Mannagrasse 27 Mapie and his kindes 1485 Maracocke 1592 Margerites herbs 637 Maricrome and his kindes 664 Wilde or bastard or ground Marierome 666 Goats Marierome 668 Map weed 757 〈◊〉 see
Roses Heathes Mosses Mushroms Corall and their seuerall kindes Each booke hath chapters as for each herbe a bed and euery Plant presents thee with the Latine and English name in the title placed ouer the picture of the Plant. Then followes the kindes description place time names natures and vertues agreeing with the best receiued opinions Last of all thou hast a generall Index as well in Latine as English with a carefull supply likewise of an Index b linguis of barbarous names And thus hauing giuen thee a generall view of this garden now with our friendly labours wee will accompany thee and leade thee through a Grasse-plot little or nothing of many Herbarists heretofore touched and begin with the most common or best knowne Grasse which is called in Latine Gramen pratense and then by little and little conduct thee through most pleasant gardens and other delightfull places where any herbe or plant may be found fit for meate or medicine CHAP. 1. Of Medow-Grasse THere be sundry and infinite kindes of Grasses not mentioned by the Antients either as vnnecessarie to be set downe or vnknowne to them onely they make mention of some few whose wants we meane to supply in such as haue come to our knowledge referring the rest to the curious searcher of Simples ¶ The Description 1 COmmon Medow Grasse hath very small tufts or roots with thicke hairy threds depending vpon the highest turfe matting and creeping on the ground with a most thicke and appatant shew of wheaten leaues lifting vp long thinne ioynted and light stalks a foot or a cubit high growing small and sharpe at the top with a loose 〈◊〉 hanging downward like the tuft or top of the common Reed 2 Small medow Grasse differeth from the former in varietie of the soile for as the first kind groweth in medowes so doth this small grasse clothe the hilly and more dry grounds vntilled and barren by nature a Grasse more fit for sheepe than for greater cattell And because the kindes of Grasse do differ apparantly in root tuft stalke leafe sheath eare or crest we may assure our selues that they are endowed with seuerall vertues formed by the Creator for the vse of man although they haue been by a common negligence hidden and vnknowne And therefore in this our Labor we haue placed each of them in their seuerall bed where the diligent searcher of Nature may if so he please place his learned obseruations 1 Gramen pratense Medow Grasse 2 Gramen pratense minus Small Medow-grasse ¶ The Place Common Medow-grasse groweth of it selfe vnset or vnsowen euery where but the small medow grasse for the most part groweth vpon dry and barren grounds as partly wee haue touched in the description ¶ The Time Concerning the time when Grasse springeth and seedeth I suppose there is none so simple but knoweth it and that it continueth all the whole yeare seeding in Iune and Iuly Neither needeth it any propagation or replanting by seed or otherwise no not so much as the watery Grasses but that they recouer themselues againe although they haue beene drowned in water all the Winter long as may appeare in the wilde fennes in Lincolnshire and such like places ¶ The Names Grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen as it is thought à gradiendo quod 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 serpat crebroquenouas spargat radices for it groweth goeth or spreadeth it selfe vnset or vnsowen naturally ouer all fields or grounds cloathing them with a faire and perfect greene It is yearely mowed in some places twice and in some rare places thrice then is it dried and withered by the 〈◊〉 of the Sunne with often turning it and then is it called Foenum nescio an à foenore aut foetu In English Hay in French Le herbe du 〈◊〉 ¶ The Nature The roots and seeds of Grasse are of more vse in physicke than the herbe and are accounted of all Writers moderately to open obstructions and prouoke vrine ¶ The Vertues The decoction of Grasse with the roots of Parsley drunke helpeth the dissurie and prouoketh vrine The roots of Grasse according to Galen doe glew and consolidate together new and bleeding wounds The iuyce of Grasse mixed with honey and the pouder of Sothernwood taken in drinke killeth wormes in children but if the childe be young or tender of nature it shall suffice to mixe the iuyce of Grasse and the gall of an Oxe or Bull together and therewith anoint the childes belly and lay a clout wet therein vpon the nauell Fernelius saith that grasse doth helpe the obstructions of the liuer reines and kidnies and the inflammation of the raines called Nephritis Hay sodden in water till 〈◊〉 be tender and applied hot to the chaps of beasts that be chap-fallen through long standing in pound or stable without meate is a present remedie CHAP. 2. Of Red Dwarfe-Grasse ¶ The Description 1 DWarfe Grasse is one of the least of Grasses The root consists of many little bulbes couered with a reddish 〈◊〉 or skinne with very many smal hairy and white strings the tuft or eare is of a reddish colour and not much differing from the grasse called Ischaemon though the eare be softer broader and more beautifull †1 Gramen minimum rubrum siue Xerampelinum Red Dwarfe-grasse 2 Gramen minimum album White Dwarfe-grasse †2 This kinde of Grasse hath small hairy roots the leaues are small and short as also the stalke which on the top thereof beares a pannicle not much vnlike the small medow 〈◊〉 but lesse the colour thereof is sometimes white and otherwhiles reddish whence some haue giuen two figures which I thinking needlesse haue onely retained the later and for the former giuen the figure of another Grasse intended by our Author to be comprehended in this Chapter 3 Small hard Grasse hath small roots compact of little strings or threds from which come forth many soure rushy leaues of the length of an inch and a halfe the tuft or eare is compact of many pannicles or very little eares which to your feeling are very hard or harsh This Grasse is vnpleasant and no wholesome food for cattell 4 Rush-grasse is a small plant some handfull high hauing many small rushy leaues tough and pliant as are the common Rushes whereupon do grow small scaly or chaffie huskes in stead of floures like those of Rushes but smaller The root is threddy like the former ‡ There is a varietie of this to be found in bogs with the seeds bigger and the leaues and whole plant lesser ‡ 3 Gramen minus duriusculum Small hard Grasse 4 Gramen junceum Rush-grasse or Toad-grasse ¶ The Place The Dwarfe-grasse doth grow on heathy rough and dry barren grounds in most places of England ‡ That which I haue giuen you I haue not as yet obserued growing in any part of England ‡ The white Dwarfe-grasse is not so common as the former yet doth it grow very plentifully among the Hop gardens in Essex and
many other places Small Hard-grasse groweth in moist fresh marishes and such like places Rush-grasse groweth in salt marishes neere vnto the sea where the marishes haue beene ouerflowne with salt water ‡ It also groweth in many wet woods lanes and such places as in the lane going by Totenham Court towards Hampstead The lesser varietie hereof growes on the bogges vpon Hampstead heath ‡ ¶ The Time These kindes of Grasses do grow floure and flourish when the common Medow grasse doth ¶ The Names It sufficeth what hath beene said of the names in the description as well in English as Latine onely that some haue deemed White Dwarfe-grasse to be called Xerampelinum Rush-grasse hath been taken for Holosteum Matthioli ‡ ¶ The Names in particular 1 This I here giue you in the first place is the Gramenminimum Xerampelinum of Lobel it is the Gramen of Matthiolus and Gramen bulbosum of Daleschampius Our Author did not vnderstand what Xerampelinus signified when as he said the white Dwarfe-grasse was so termed for the word imports red or murrey such a colour as the withered leaues of Vines are of 2. Tabern calls this Gramen panniculatum minus 3. Lobel calls this Exile Gramen durius 4. This by Matthiolus was called Holostium by Thalius Gramen epigonatocaulon by Tabernamontanus Gra. 〈◊〉 that is Toad-grasse ‡ ¶ The Nature and Vertues These kindes of Grasses doe agree as it is thought with the common 〈◊〉 grasse in nature and vertues notwithstanding they haue not beene vsed in physicke as yet that I can reade of †The first figure was onely a varietie of the second according to 〈◊〉 yet in my iudgement it was the same with the third which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. 3. Of Corne-Grasse ¶ The Description 1 COrne-grasse hath many grassie leaues resembling those of Rie or rather Otes amongst the which commeth vp slender benty stalkes kneed or ioynted like those of corne whereupon groweth a faire tuft or pannicle not much vnlike to the feather-like tuft of common Reed but rounder compact together like vnto Millet The root is threddy like those of Otes 1 Gramen segetale Corne-grasse 2 Gramen 〈◊〉 Reed-grasse or Bent. 2 Reed-grasse hath many thin grassie leaues like the former the bushy top with his long feather-like pannicles doresemble the common Reed which is lightly shaken with the winde branched vpon a long slender reeden stalke kneed or ioynted like corne The root is small and fibrous ¶ The Place and Time These kindes of Grasses grow for the most part neere hedges in fallow fields in most places Their time of springing flouring and fading may be referred to the common Medow-grasse The Names †The first is called in English Corne-grasse Lobelius calls this Segetum gramen pannicula speciosa latiore others termeit Gramen segetale for that it vsually groweth among corne the which I haue not as yet seene The second is called in English Reed-grasse of Lobelius in Latine Gramen agrorum latiore arundinacea comosa pannicula for that his tuft or pannicles do resemble the Reed and Spicaventi agrorum by reason of his feather-top which is easily shaken with the wind ‡ Some in English much agreeable to the Latine name call these Windle-strawes Now I take this last to be the Grasse with which we in London do vsually adorne our chimneys in Sommer time and we commonly call the bundle of it handsomely made vp for our vse by the name of Bents ‡ ¶ The Temperature and Vertues These Grasses are thought to agree with common Grasse as well in temperature as vertues although not vsed in physicke CHAP. 4. Of Millet Grasse 1 Gramen Miliaceum Millet Grasse 2 Gramen majus aquaticum Great Water-grasse ¶ The Description 1 MIllet Grasse is but a slender Grasse bearing a tuft or eare like vnto the common Medow-grasse but consisting of small seeds or chaffie heads like to Milium or 〈◊〉 whereof it tooke the name The stalke or leaues do resemble the Bent wherewith countrey people do trimme their houses 2 The great Water-grasse in root leafe tuft and reeden stalke doth very well resemble the Grasse called in Latine Gramen sulcatum or Pictum and by our English women Lady-laces because it is stript or furrowed with white and greene streakes like silke laces but yet differs from that that this Water grasse doth get vnto it selfe some new roots from the middle of the stalks and ioynts which the other doth not ‡ This is a large Grasse hauing stalkes almost as thicke as ones little finger with the leaues answerable vnto them and a little rougish the tuft is somewhat like a reed but lesse and whitish coloured ‡ ¶ The Place 〈◊〉 Nature and Vertues The former growes in medowes and about hedges and the later is to be found in most fenny and watery places and haue their vertues and natures common with the other Grasses for any thing that wee can finde in writing The reason of their names may be gathered out of the description CHAP. 5. Of Darnell Grasse ¶ The Description 1 DArnell Grasse or Gramen Sorghinum as Lobel hath very properly termed it hath a brownish stalke thicke and knotty set with long sharpe leaues like vnto the common Dogs Grasse at the top whereof groweth a tuft or eare of a grayish colour somwhat like 〈◊〉 whereof it tooke his name 1 Gramen Sorghinum Darnell Grasse †2 Gramen harundinaceum panniculatum Wilde Reed ‡ 3 Gramen arundinaceum minus The lesser Reed-Grasse ‡ 3 This in root stalkes and leaues is like to the last described but that they are lesser the top or head is a long single spike or eare not seuered or parted into many eares like 〈◊〉 top of the precedent and by 〈◊〉 and the magnitude it may chiefely be distinguished from it This was in the twelfth place in the sixteenth chapter vnder the title of Gramen harundinaceum minus and the Calamogrostis but now described was also there againe in the eleuenth place ‡ ¶ The Place The first growes in fields and orchards almost euery where the other grow in fenny waterish places ¶ The Names 2 This in Lincolneshire is called Sheere-grasse or Henne in other parts of England wild Reed in Latine Calamogrostis out of the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As for their natures and vertues we doe not finde any great vse of them worth the setting downe CHAP. 6. Of Feather-top Ferne and Wood-grasse ¶ The Description ‡ 1 THis might fitly haue beene put to those mentioned in the foregoing chapter but that our Author determined it for this as may appeare by the mention made of it in the names as also by the description hereof framed from the figure we here giue you ‡ This Grasse is garnished with chaffie and downie tufts set vpon a long benty stalke of two cubits high or somewhat more naked without any blades or leaues for the most part His root is tough and hard ‡ The top is commonly of a
garden Radish sendeth forth great and large leaues greene rough cut on both sides with deepe gashes not vnlike to the garden Turnep but greater The stalkes bee round and parted into many branches out of which spring small floures of a light purple colour made of foure little leaues and when they be past there doe come in place sharpe pointed cods huft or blowne vp toward the stalke full of spungious substance wherein is contained the seed of a light browne colour somewhat greater than the seeds of Turneps or Coleworts The root is grosse long and white both without and within and of a sharpe taste 2 The small garden Radish hath leaues like the former but smaller and more brittle in handling The stalke of two cubits high whereon be the floures like the former The seed is smaller and not so sharpe in taste The root is small long white both within and without 〈◊〉 a little that sheweth it selfe aboue the ground of a reddish colour 3 Radish with a round root hath leaues like the garden Turnep among which 〈◊〉 springeth vp a round and smooth stalke diuiding it selfe toward the top into two or three branches whereon doe grow small purplish floures made of 〈◊〉 leaues 〈◊〉 which being past there doe come in place small long cods puft vp or bunched in two and sometimes three places full of pith as the common Radish wherein is contained the seed somewhat smaller than the Colewort seed but of a hotter taste The root is round and firme 〈◊〉 waterish like the common Radish more pleasant in taste wholsomer not causing such stinking belchings as the garden Radish doth 4 The Radish with a root fashioned like a peare groweth to the height of three or foure cubits of a bright reddish colour The leaues are deeply cut or iagged like those of the 〈◊〉 somewhat rough The floures are made of foure leaues of a light carnation or fleshie colour The seed is contained in small bunched cods like the former The root is fashioned like a peare or long Turnep blacke without and white within of a firme and solide substance The taste is quicke and sharpe biting the tongue as the other kindes of Radish but more strongly 3 Rhaphanus orbiculatus Round Radish 4 Rapharus 〈◊〉 siue xadice 〈◊〉 The blacke or Peare-fashion Radish ¶ The Place All the kindes of Radish require a loose ground which hath beene long manured and is somewhat fat They prosper well in sandie ground where they are no t so subiect to wormes as in other grounds ¶ The Time These kindes of Radish are most fitly sowen after the Summer Solstice in Iune or Iulie for being sowen betimes in the spring they yeeld not their roots so kindly nor profitably for then they doe for the most part quickly run vp to stalke and seed where otherwise they doe not floure and seed till the next spring following They may be sowen ten moneths in the yeere but as I said before the best time is in Iune and Iulie ¶ The Names Radish is called in Greeke of Theophrastus Dioscorides Galen and other old writers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in shops Raphanus and 〈◊〉 Radicula in high Dutch Rettich in low Dutch Radus in French 〈◊〉 in Italian Raphano in Spanish Rauano in English Radish and Rabone in the Bohemian tongue Rzedfew Caelius affirmeth that the seed of Radish is called of Marcellus Empericus 〈◊〉 and so likewise of 〈◊〉 in the second chapter of the second booke of his Tetrabible yet 〈◊〉 doth not reade Bacanon but Cacanon The name of 〈◊〉 is also found in N. Myrepsus in the 255. Composition of his first booke ¶ The Temperature Radish doth manifestly heat and drie open and make thin by reason of the biting quality that ruleth in it Galen maketh them hot in the third degree and drie in the second and sheweth that it is rather a sauce than a nourishment ¶ The Vertues Radish are eaten raw with bread in stead of other food but being eaten after that manner they yeeld very little nourishment and that faultie and ill But for the most part they are vsed as sauce with meates to procure appetite and in that sort they ingender blood lesse faulty than eaten alone or with bread onely but seeing they be of a harder digestion than meates they are also many times troublesome to the stomacke neuerthelesse they serue to distribute and disperse the nourishment especially being taken after meat and taken before meat they cause belchings and ouerthrow the stomacke Before meate they cause vomiting and especially the rinde the which as it is more biting 〈◊〉 the inner substance so doth it with more force cause that effect if it be giuen with Oximel which is a syrupe made with vineger and hony Moreouer Radish prouoketh vrine and dissolueth cluttered sand and driueth it 〈◊〉 if a good draught of the decoction thereof be drunke in the morning Pliny writeth and 〈◊〉 likwise that it is good against an old cough and to make thin thicke and grosse flegme which sticketh in the chest In stead hereof the Phisitions of our age doe vse water distilled thereof which likewise procureth vrine mightily and driueth forth stones in the kidnies The root sliced and laid ouer night in white or Rhenish wine and drunke in the morning driueth out vrine and grauell mightily but in taste and smell it is very loth some The root stamped with hony and the powder of a sheepes heart dried causeth haire to grow in short space The seed causeth vomite prouoketh vrine and being drunke with honied vineger it killeth and driueth forthwormes The root stamped with the meale of Darnell and a little white wine vineger taketh away all blew and blacke spots and brused blemishes of the face The root boiled in broth and the decoction drunke is good against an old cough it moueth womens sicknesse and causeth much milke CHAP. 6. Of wilde Radish ¶ The Description 1 WIlde Radish hath a shorter narrower leafe than the common Radish and more deeply cut or iagged almost like the leaues of Rocket but much greater The stalke is slender and rough of two cubits high diuided toward the top into many branches The floures are small and white the cod is long slender aud ioynted wherein is the seed The root is of the bignesse of the finger white within and without of a sharpe and biting taste 2 The water Radish hath long and broad leaues deeply indented or cut euen to the middle 〈◊〉 The stalke is long weake and leaneth this way and that way being not able to stand vpright without a prop in so much that yee shall neuer find it no not when it is very young but leaning down vpon the mud or mire where it groweth The floures grow at the top made of foure small yellow leaues The root is long set in sundrie spaces with small fibres or threds like the rowell of a spur hot and burning in taste more than any of the garden Radishes ¶ The Place The
first growes vpon the borders of bankes and ditches cast vp and in the borders of fields The second growes in ditches standing waters and riuers as on the stone wall that bordereth vpon the riuer Thames by the Sauoy in London 1 Raphanus syluestris Wilde Radish 2 Raphanus aquaticus Water Radish ¶ The Time They floure in Iune and the seed is ripe in August ¶ The Names †The first of these is Rapistrum flore albo Erucae folijs of Lobell Armoratia or Rapistrum album of Tabernamontanus and Raphanus sylvestris of our Author in English wilde Radish The second is Radicula sylvestris of Dodonaeus and Rhaphanus aquaticus or palustris of others in English water Radish ¶ The Temperature The wilde Radishes are of like temperature with the garden Radish but hotter and drier ¶ The Vertues Dioscorides writeth that the leaues are receiued among the pot herbes and likewise the boiled root which as he 〈◊〉 doth heate and prouoke vrine CHAP. 7. Of Horse Radish ¶ The Description 1 HOrse Radish bringeth forth great leaues long broad sharpe pointed and 〈◊〉 about the edges of a deepe greene colour like those of the great garden Docke called of some Monkes Rubarbe of others Patience but longer and rougher The stalke is slender and brittle bearing at the top small white floures which being past there follow small cods wherein is the seed The root is long and thicke white of colour in taste sharpe and very much biting the tongue like mustard 2 Dittander or pepperwort hath broad leaues long and sharpe pointed of a blewish greene colour like woad 〈◊〉 snipt or cut about the edges like a sawe The stalke is round and tough vpon the branches whereof grow little white floures The root is long and hard creeping farre abroad in the ground in such sort that when it is once taken in a ground it is not possible to root it out for it will vnder the ground creepe and shoot vp and bud forth in many places farre abroad The root also is sharp and biteth the tongue like pepper whereof it tooke the name pepperwort ‡ 3 This which we giue you in the third place hath a small fibrous root the stalke growes vp to the height of two cubits and it is diuided into many branches furnished with white floures after which follow seeds like in shape and taste to Thlaspi or Treacle mustard The leaues are somewhat like those of Woad This is nourished in some Gardens of the Low Countryes and Lobell was the first that gaue the figure hereof and that vnder the same title as wee here giue you it ‡ 1 Raphanus rusticanus Horse Radish 2 Raphanus syluestris Offic. Lepidium Aeginetae Lob. Dittander and Pepperwort ¶ The Place Horse Radish for the most part groweth and is planted in gardens yet haue I found it 〈◊〉 in sundrie places as at Namptwich in Cheshire in a place called the Milne eye and also at a small village neere London called Hogsdon in the field next vnto a farme house leading to Kings-land where my very good friend master Bredwell practitioner in Phisick a learned and diligent searcher of Simples and master William Martin one of the fellowship of Barbers and 〈◊〉 my deere aud louing friend in company with him found it and gaue me knowledge of the place where it flourisheth to this day Dittander is planted in gardens and is to be found wild also in England in sundry places as at Clare by Ouenden in Essex at the Hall of Brinne in Lancashire and neere vnto Excester in the West parts of England It delighteth to grow in sandie and shadowie places somewhat moist ¶ The Time Horse Radish for the most part 〈◊〉 in Aprill or May and the seed is ripe in August and that so rare or seldome seene as that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hath written that it bringeth forth no seed at all Dittander floures in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names Horse Radish is commonly called Raphanus rusticanus or Magnus and of diuers simply Raphanus 〈◊〉 of the high Dutch men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in French Grand raifort of the low Germaines 〈◊〉 in English mountaine radish Great Raifort and Horse Radish It is called in the North part of England Redcole Diuers thinke that this Horse Radish is an enemy to Vines and that the hatred betweene them is so great that if the roots hereof be planted neere to the Vine it bendeth backward from it as not willing to haue fellowship with it It is also reported that the root hereof stamped and cast into good and pleasant wine doth forthwith turne it into vineger but the old writers doe ascribe this enmity to the vine and Brassica our coleworts which the most ancients haue named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dittander is described of Pliny by the name of Lepidium in his 19. booke 9. Chapter likewise Aegineta maketh mention of this plant by the name Lepidium in shops Raphanus 〈◊〉 and Piperitis the Germans call it 〈◊〉 the lowe Dutch men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the English men Dittander Dittany and Pepperwort 3 Lepidium Annum Annuall Dittander ¶ The Temperature These kindes of wilde Radishes are hot and drie in the third degree they haue a drying and clensing quality and somewhat digesting ¶ The Vertues Horse Radish stamped with a little vineger put thereto is commonly vsed among the Germanes for sauce to 〈◊〉 fish with and such like meates as we doe mustard but this kinde of sauce doth heate the stomacke better and causeth-better digestion than mustard Oximel or syrupe made with vineger and honie in which the rindes of Horse radish haue beene infused three dayes causeth vomit and is commended against the quartaine ague The leaues boiled in wine and a little oile 〈◊〉 added thereto and laid vpon the grieued parts in manner of a Pultis doe mollifie and take away the hard swellings of the liuer and milte and being applied to the bottome of the belly is a remedie for the strangurie It profiteth much in the expulsion of the secondine or after-birth It mittigateth and asswageth the paine of the hip or haunch commonly called Sciatica It profiteth much against the collicke strangurie and difficultie of making water vsed in stead of mustard as aforesaid The root stamped and giuen to drinke killeth the wormes in children the iuyce giuen doth the same an ointment made thereof doth the like being annointed vpon the belly of the child The leaues of Pepperwort but especially the rootes be extreame hot for they haue a burning and bitter taste It is of the number of scorching and blistring simples saith Pliny in his 20. booke the 17. chap. and therefore by his hot qualitie it mendeth the skin in the face and taketh away scabs scarres and manginesse if any thing remaine after the healing of vlcers and such like CHAP. 8. Of Winter Cresses ¶ The Description THe Winter Cresses hath many greene broad smoothe and flat leaues like vnto the common turneps whose stalkes be round and full of branches bringing forth at