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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90519	An historical & geographical description of the great country & river of the Amazones in America. Drawn out of divers authors, and reduced into a better forme; with a mapp of the river, and of its provinces, being that place which Sr Walter Rawleigh intended to conquer and plant, when he made his voyage to Guiana. / Written in French by the Count of Pagan, and dedicated to Cardinall Mazarine, in order to a conquest by the Cardinals motion to be undertaken. And now translated into English by William Hamilton, and humbly offered to his Majesty, as worthy his consideration.	Pagan, Blaise François de, comte de Merveilles, 1604-1665.; Hamilton, William, gent.	1660 (1660)	Wing P162; Thomason E1805_2; ESTC R209931	71,773	189

great Atlantique-Sea for the space of three hundred Leagues from Cap-north to the I le of the Trinity and on the West the great River of the Orenu serves for its coufines but on the South it is kept in by a ridge of Mountains parallel to the Sea-coast which separate it from the Provinces of Camsnare of Apanta and of Corepa already mentioned Now these Mountains though not yet known are not imaginary but reall and effective according to the naturall disposition of all these Countries seeing the Rivers of Viapoco of Cayene of Maruyne of Sequebe and other considerable ones of Guyana which run all from the South to the North and enter into the Ocean-Sea and those other of Genipapa of Coropatube of Orixamine and of Coruris which run all from North to South by a contrary course to the others and enter into the great Amazone have necessarily their sources in those Mountains deep and fertile Valleys But returning to that East part of Guyana which buts on the mouth of our famous River we will first tell you that it begins from that of Genipapa considerable enough both for the greatness of his bed and for the fine gold that he draws along with him in his waters whence it follows by infallible conjecture that the mountains of his fource and the plains of his neighbourhood are no less rich happy and fertile than in all the rest of America Now the coast or this Province from Genipapa to the Cap-nord which forms the great mouth of the Amazon is very uneven in its bank and very dangerous in its navigation because of heights and lowes that are here sometimes found But these difficulties are not in coming down the great River untill after you have passed and necessarily taken notice of the place of Corupa one of the Governments of the Portugalls on these banks about twenty eight Leagues from the place where the great River begins to open his mouth But because Cap-nord ends the North side of this great River we shall tell you again that it hath one degree and forty five minutes of North latitude according to the tenth Chapter of this book likewise that the grounds about are very low and covered with woods the Sea very rageing and not very deep the Sands moveable and often covered with Sea-ware or weeds And as to the rest of this coast as you go from Cap-nord to Corupa see the Relations of the Hollanders reported by Johne Laet in his America where you may finde the knowledge of it little either necessary or delectable CHAP. XXXV Of the Province of Maragnon and of the Town of Para. AS the Province of Guyana ends the North-bank and brink of the great Amazone so the Kingdome of Brasile under the Crown of Portugall ends it on the South side by the Province of Maragnon the Northerliest of all its Countries It took its name from a River and a Bay of the same name on the coast of the Atlantique-Sea where the Town of St. Lewis the residence of the Governour and of justice is in a very pleasant I le But that side of this Government of Maragnon is far longer on the great mouth of the great River than on that side that accosts the great Ocean seeing at contains all the bank of the Amazone for the space of an hundred Leagues from the River of Pacashe to the point of Zaparara Yet in all this length of Lands so fertile and abundant in all things there is but the one only Town of Para that is considerable From the year 1615 the Portugalls established the Colonie there and built the fortress of it which is a square of Mason-work on the Land-side and of earth or turfe on the Sea-side It is commanded by a Captain-major who answers to the Governour-Generall of the Province and under this Captain-major of the Town of Para are other three Captains of Infantry dispersed in diverse places of that Countrey It is forty Leagues from the North-Sea and from the point of Zaparara and thirty Leagues from the great Village of Commuta once very flourishing but now ruinous on the mouth of the great River of the Tocantines a Nation very fertile and rich It hath also one degree and thirty minutes of South latitude and is about sixty five Leagues from Cap-nord in a right Line and Geometricall measure making twenty Leagues for every degree of a great Circle as we have done in the rest of this work And as to other distances on this South side of the great Amazone you shall find them at the end of the tenth Chapter of this Book as also those of the I le of the Sun which is by the waterbank of the Province of Maragnon having more than ten Leagues in Circuit one very safe Haven fish abundance Crabs without number very good fresh or sweet waters of lesser prey or game as much as they will and a very pleasant air Finally a place much more convenient than that of Para to set up a Colonie and Forts in whereby to command the best and safest entry of all those which lead from the Sea into the true Channell of the great River of the Amazones CHAP. XXXVI Of the Entrice into the River of the Amazones Such as are exercised in the navigations of the great Ocean know nothing more dangerous nor more difficult than the entries of Ports of Bayes and of Rivers But in this as in other points the great River of the Amazones is no less admirable than singular For being framed as it were to receive in times coming the greatest and richest commerce of all the world how could it hinder that its great mouth should not be defamed by Robbers or Pirates as well as the Gulph of Mexico Now the same providence that hath heaped upon it more than upon all the Rivers of the earth so many marvellous advantages and prerogatives would not in this either make it less perfect having by a certain and naturall disposall and ordering of its Iles sides and lowes or flats reduced its navigation into one only Channell and rendred the other passages as it were unprofitable and by his impetuous currants which carry his waters thirty Leagues into the Sea forbidden all strange Ships and hostile enemies to rest in these places that they might there surprize any Navy at their going in or coming out But the difficulties hitherto have been great to find out the true tract that Vessels ought to hold in going into the great Amazone And after having considered the diverse observations reported by their Authors Spaniards English and Flemish some of them too short and others too confused and obscure and most or all of them uncertain we shall tell you in few words that first of all one must shun the currants in coming down going aside of them unto two degrees of South latitude then go up again by the coast of Brasile at half a degree latitude of the same side of the Line then double the point of

the parties concerned that they might make such use thereof as they saw good And I have chosen this way of examples subjoyned to the discourse of generosity by way of Apology for my self and first opening my condition from that obscurity it lay under to prevent or repulse the currish snarls of clownish Pedants and Schiolists My intent in this Translation is beside what I have exprest to his Majesty the propagation of Religion and the good of England But if Religion be not better intended and attended and prosecuted by undertakers than it hath been at home it may justly frustrate all and cast us in as great confusions abroad as it did at home But because this would require more length than this Epistle is now fit to be drawn unto and I may have another occasion for it perhaps ere long I heartily recommend all to Gods blessing and thy good acceptance and bid thee farewell Blackefriers this 22 of October 1660. W. H. Advertisement These Books are newly Printed for and Sold by John Starkey at the Miter in Fleet-street near to Temple-Barre THe World Surveyed or the famous Voyages and Travels of Vincent Le Blanc of Marseilles who from the age of fourteen years to threescore and eighteen travelled through most parts of the World viz. the East and West Indies Persia Pegn the Kingdomes of Fez and Morocco Guinny and through all Africa from the Cape of good hope into Alexandria by the Territories of Monomotapa of Prester John and Egypt into the Mediterranean Isles and through the principall Provinces of Europe Containing amore exact description of severall parts of the World than hath hitherto been done by any other Author the whole work enriched with many authentick Histories originally written in French and faithfully rendred into English by F. B. in folio Aminta The famous Pastorall written in Italian by the admired Poet Signor ' Torquato Tasso and translated into English Verse by John Dancer being the exact imitation of Pastor Fido with other ingenious Poems in 80. The Shepheards Paradise A Comedy privately acted before King Charles the First by the Queens Majesty and her Ladies of honour written by the Honourable Walter Mountague Esquite in 80. To my Lord the most Eminent Cardinall MAZARINE My Lord WHat can be offered greater in a little work than the great River of the Amazones It now offers it self with all its grandures to your Eminency after that it hath hidden them so long time It desires baptisme from you for all its peoples it desires laws from you for all its Nations and a valiant King for all its Provinces that he may unite them to his Crown If the conquest thereof be easie neither will the expense thereof be excessive For there will need no great Armies here to give battels nor no great provision of Artillery for carrying on of sieges There is need only of preparations fitting for planting of five Colonies at the first aboard the first whereof is to be in the Isle of the Sun for guarding the best entry into this great Rivers mouth The second on the famous Bosphore or Strait thereof to desend and keep this Rivers passage The third on that renowned point of the Comanares for the best seat of that whole Empire The fourth near to the Mountain of Swana whereby to be Master of the gold-mine there And the fifth and last on the mouth of the River of Maragnon to watch over the Frontier of that side of the Andes And in favours of this first establishment your Eminence might easily adde the alliances of the Illustrious and renowned Nations of the Homagues of the Generous and noble Yorimans of the valiant Topinambes and give order for a Fleet-volant of about twelve men of Warre continually to be visiting and going between these Colonies because the distance by sailing of the farthest of these from the other will be at the least a thousand Spanish leagues and this alwayes upon the channell of the great River of the Amazones it self But this is enough for an Epistle and the Book it self will speak the matter more at length and in so noble a design your Counsels will not be wanting to France as I shall never be wanting my Lord to give you all sort of honour submissions and respects being as I am of Your Eminence the most humble most obedient and most obliged Servant Blaise Francis de Pagan From Paris the 12th of March 1655. MAGNI AMAZONI FLUVII IN AMERICA MERIDIONALI noua delineatio AN HISTORICAL AND Geographical Description OF THE Great River of the Amazones IN AMERICA CHAP. I. Of the greatness of the River of the Amazones WHat the Danow is to Europe Ganges to Asia and Nilus to Afrique the same is the great Amazone to America And as America is the greatest part of the world so is the River of the Amazones the greatest River in the Universe His length is of greater extent than that of the Nile and Negro in Afrique his breadth larger than that of Ganges and Kiam in Asia his navigation and portableness is better than that of the Danow and Rhine in Eurupe his mouth or entrance into the Sea is more open than that of Plata and Saint Lawrence in America and his depth is like unto that of the Oceane and of the mediterrane-Sea His inundations or overflowings are yearly and fruitfull his aspect is every where and every way pleasant all his branches and Rivers running out of him are inhabited his fields are all fertile and all his adjoyning plaines or valleys cultivated Chase fishing and Venison are there every where great store woods fruits and Corn-fields for harvest cover the grounds and little hills there and the sweetness of his Air is through all alike equally temperate and both gold and silver are found in the Rivers and mountains there Its peoples are innumerable its Iles great and infinite in number yet inhabited all its peoples are spritely and nimble and the riches of the Climate furnisheth them abundantly with all things This River's course is almost alwayes under the equinoctiall Line and every where his nights and days are of alike length and the other Rivers that pay their tribute to him are all under the torride Zone Marvellous effects of the divine providence which having distanced so many Nations from the Sea-coasts and its commodities hath given them so great Rivers and waters in so great abundance that this famous River of the Amazones may reasonably enough be called an ocean-Ocean-Sea of sweet waters But all its prerogatives which by an universall consent have made the title of the greatest River of the world be given unto it shall more amply be seen and with more particular deduction of Circumstances in the following Chapters of this Book CHAP. II. Of the great Realm of the Amazone IN the Peninsule or almost-Ile of the Southerly America and almost in the midst of so great a Continent or main-Land there is a great extent of Land covered with so many

Wisemen or Wizards among them of great esteem who serve them for Counsellors as well for Religion and Physick as for Law and policy and in the year 1639 the Portuguais found an Indian in these Countries that called himself the son of the Sun who coming to a peaceable and loving conference with them was not satisfied with the grounds of our Belief but going away without renouncing his own imposture said that every night he went by the Spirit to consult the Sun for the government of the following day Finally all these peoples are of a good nature nimble and quick of body and of colour not so tawny and Sun-burnt as those of Brasile They are of quick apprehension and understanding and are very expert in their hands for all sort of works They are naturally sweet and meek officious and tractable and they converse familiarly with strangers without any fear They are every way so docile and teachable and so little possest with malice that from hence the easiness to subdue them as well to Laws and policy as to Christian Religion may be guessed at CHAP. VI. Of the great Cordeliere IN the Southern America to the East of the Kingdom of Peru and as it were from the North to the South runs and rangeth along a garland of great Mountains more than six hundred Leagues in length under the name of the great Cordeliere And by a wonderfull work of nature all the waters which from thence arise in abundance on that side of the great Mountains that look towards the East do all render themselves into the north-North-Sea by one only mouth and confluent But these well-heads and springs being so many cannot be yet all discovered it sufficeth us in this Book to remark the chief ones and such of them as are famous by the origine and source of the great River of the Amamazones and of others the most famous that he receiveth into his channell to convey them together with himself into the Ocean-Sea And amongst the longest and greatest of all these Rivers the Great Caketa the Putumaye and the Aguarike are on the North-side and the Madera the Amarumaya the Maragnon and the Curaray are on the Southside of the River of the Amazones Which being the only and the principall object of our Discourse we will here begin to describe its source in this Chapter telling you that it is the most Westward of all the sources that are to the East of the great Cordeliere that which is furthest off from the Ocean or Atlantique-Sea and the nearest of any to the Town of Kyto one of the greatest and fairest Cities not only of the Kingdom of Peru but also of any in all America the seat of a Soveraign Court and Capitall of a great Province of three hundred degrees and ten minutes of Longitude counting from the first and fixt Meridian of the I le of Saint Michell of the Azores and sixteen minutes only of Latitude meridionale But for better clearing of this matter yet we must adde that between the Town of Kyto the source of the great River of the Amazons these tops or risings of the great Cordeliere that are after mentioned are interjected CHAP. VII Of the sources of the great River of the Amazones Pulcan and Guanama are two Mountains of the great and high Cordeliere distant one from the other little less than two Spanish Leagues of three hundred degrees thirty six minutes of Longitude on the terrestriall Globe and twenty minutes only of meridionale or Southern Latitude They are in the great Province of Kyto of the rich Empire of Peru about six Leagues to the Southside of the equinoctiall Line and eight Leagues to the East of the Town of Kyto the Capitall of that Province and two Lakes that are at the two foots of these two Mountains are the renowned sources of the great and famous Amazone That of Pulcan is the largest openest and best discovered and that of Guanama is the deepest and profoundest and as it were almost covered by a great rock overturned upon it by an Earthquake But these two spring-heads the most wonderfull of all the world since they give the beginning to the most memorable River of the universall world run quickly into one and pass along together the terrible rocks of the Cordeliere rolling their roaring waters over its precipices and fals from whence this great River coming forth and running alwayes strong swift and straight towards the East receives presently upon his leaving the Cordeliere a marvellous great increase from the Coca the Payamine and the Napo three considerable Rivers whereof we shall speak else where and in short while makes his navigableness like unto that of the great Ocean-Sea as well for the depth of his channell as for the less rapidness of his currant of water But this remarkable place where the River of Napo enters into that of the Amazones which the Spaniards call the Junto of the Rivers and we the conjunction or joyning of the Rivers to the same very sense verbatim is about sixty Leagues from the Town of Kyto and under the equinoctiall Line And it was in this place that the adventurous Francis D'Areillane that Spanish Knight made build a Vessell in the which he first navigated and happily discovered all this great River of the Amazones CHAP. VIII Of the length and course of this River AFter that the great Amazone hath made his channell like unto that of the greatest Rivers of the world by the conflux of the foresaid three Rivers he goes on his way through the vast and fertile fields of America alwayes towards the East and without longer straying from under the Line than five or six degrees at the most on the Southside or that of the antarctick Pole Yet drawing his now-slow waters after him by infinite turnings and windings in plains and fields of so large and great extent he casts out his arms on every side to receive the more easily the Rivers which from all parts come unto him and that with such admirable agreement that the least of his armes receive alway the least Rivers and Rivulets and the greater the greater and if Rivers come to him that are bigge and made great by a course of more hundreths of Leagues together he there shuts up all his waters into one channell to receive those greater worthily and as it were with a greater state and magnificence As for his length from his source to his mouth at the atlantique-Atlantique-Sea following the course of his wide channell it is diversly reported The fore-mentioned Areillane makes it of eighteen hundred and Father D' Acogna of one thousand two hundred seventy six Spanish Leagues according to the justest measures that we could gather from the Relations of this Author who contradicts himself often through forgetfulness and not taking heed Now the sparingest reckoning of Father D' Acogna being modester than that of Areillane seems to me to have more appearances of the truth in it because

the imaginary Treasures of the fabulous rather than famous Lagad rado CHAP. XXIV Of the Province of Yoriman NEXT after the Province of Corosirare as you go down the great Amazone on the South-side is the Province of Yoriman being but of sixty leagues long but of such repute amongst the Indians of all these Countries by reason of the strength and valour of its Inhabitants than the Navy of the Portuguais themselves passing along did perceive it They are of a good stature of a fair body and well formed They are expert in all things they take themselves to especially in Armes and go all naked as well men as women They are also so numerous for multitude that never any saw at one time so many Barbarians together It was an infallible token of their great courage that they went and came as they did amidst the Armed Vessels and Ships of Warre of the Portuguais to traffique with them with extreme assurance of minde For whilest the Portuguais going up the great Amazone sail'd along by this Province every day there came to them above two hundred Canoes full of Women and Children with Fruits Fishes Meales and other such like Provision which they changed with the Portuguais for axes and knives whereof they have great esteem as all others Indians of the new world The Yorimans inhabite not only the main Land of this Province but fill also the great Iles that the great Amazone makes by sundry of his Armes stretched forth The first Village of this Warlike Nation is on the mouth of a Christalline River which must be strong and come very farre considering the force wherewith he pusheth the deep waters of the great Amazone But the notablest of their Habitations is the greatest of any that lie on the great Amazone containing more a good deal on the banke of that River than a good league and in every of its Houses four or five Familes and sometimes more whereby easily may be gathered the great number of the Inhabitants of this long Town whereof we spake also in the ninth Chapter of this Book It was in this place so abounding with all things that the Fleet of the Portuguais stay'd five or six daies at its return after it had gone up the River of the Amazones before with good successe as shall be afterwards related Not one of so numerous a people fled from his House for fear of their arrivall but the whole Fleet got freely from them all that they stood in need of and because the Navy was near an end of all its Provisions it got from their bounty five hundred Sacks of the Meale of Mandioqua which sufficed it for the whole rest of its Voyage The other Habitations also of this happy Province of Yoriman are not much inferiour to the former they are all along very frequent on the firm land but yet both mightier and more numerous in a great Iland about thirty leagues lower where it seemes the principall Forces are of this generous Nation generous I say both for its valour liberality and numerousnesse of men that inhabite it CHAP. XXV Of the Province of Surina and the Neighbouring Nations BUt to go from the Province of Yoriman to that of Surina we must in our passage visit the Nation of the Cusiguares that labour the fertile Plaines situated on the South-banke of the Amazone which in this place receives the plentifull waters of that great River that gives its own name to this pleasant Province This renowned River of Cusiguare both for the easinesse of its Navigation though somewhat hindered now and then by Rocks appearing in it here and there and for the happinesse of its Fishing no lesse abounding here than elsewhere will be no lesse considerable for the high stature and the great courage of his Nation of the Motuanes that cover the first Plaine that he waters who by testimony of the Indians that report it use also long Plates of fine Gold for Eare and Nose-Pendants whence it would seem that they are not farre from the rich Province of the Plata and of Potosy because even to travell up to their Countrey it takes full two moneths time But upon the same River and between the aforesaid two Nations the Curians and the Catoses enjoy likewise the happy fruitfulnesse of so many good Grounds and so many pleasant Rivers that on all sides enter into their principall River Now as the Province of Homague is celebrated amongst all those of the great Amazone for its fine works of Stufles and Cloathes of Cotton of so great variety and the Province of Corosirare for their excellent Pottery of Vessels of Earth so artificially Painted and fashioned so the Province of Surina is no lesse commendable for a delicate houshold-stuffe or Utensiles of a marvellous fine artifice It is on the South of the great River and to the East of the Cusiguares its Peoples being the Surines and the Coripunes Nations that are the most curious and expert of working in Wood of any in all America They make Seates and Formes in the fashion of Animals yet so fine and commodious for the ease of the body that nothing can be added to their industry They make also Javelots and Arrows with so much gentilenesse and elegancy that all other Nations seek after them And the like Images that they make to the life are so perfectly done in all points that our best Ingravers and Carvers could find no other occasion but to learn from them so that by exchange of so many singular workmanships of so sundry sorts they daily make their lives more happy by all necessary Commodities which on all sides come unto them from this rich traffique CHAP. XXVI Of the Province of Caribane FOr as much as the distances of all these Rivers and Provinces are just enough set down in the ninth Chapter of this Book we shall say only of this Province of Caribane that it lies between the Rio-negro and the great Amazone in extent of more than an hundred leagues on the banks of either of them Its Fields and Plaines are higher than that they are subject to the overflowings of these Rivers or of an equall height unto them yet fertile and abundant in all things The River of Bazurura which enters into that of the Amazones on the North-side makes here Lakes and Ilands very pleasant and the divers Nations of this great Province are no lesse considerable for the plenteousnesse and fertility of their Countrey than for the happy condition of their life Of these the Araguananes and the Mariguanes are the most Westerly and lye against the bankes of the Yoriman already mentioned The Pogoanes and the Caraganes are on the Basurura The Comanares possesse that point which the two Rivers for me at their meeting The Tuynamanes and the Comarurianes are on the side of Rio-negro and the others lesse renown'd possesse the Lands that are furthest off from the Amazone All these Peoples are valiant and use-skilfully the Bow and Arrow

Xaraya out of which all Geographers that give us the Cartes of America make a considerable River to come forth which they bring to that of the great Amazones whereof they ought to abstain to speak too hardily untill by certain experience the truth of their first thoughts be better assured CHAP. XXIX Of the I le of the Topinambes SEeing the I le of Topinambes is in this place of the River of the Amazones and that it is the greatest of all its Iles the most renowned Province of any that it waters we shall say first that it is of more than sixty leagues of length and that it is so situated in the great Amazone that it comes nearer to his South-side than to his North and that all the distances and measures that concern it are in the tenth Chapter of this Book Secondly we shall say that it is admirable in fertility of its Grounds in the beauty of its bankes in the multitude of its Habitations whereof the most mighty is in the Eastmost point of it and hath three degrees of South latitude Finally we shall say that once it was inhabited by its Natives and originall Indians but that the Topinambes coming upon them chased them from it after sundry Battells and possest themselves of it with so much glory and reputation for themselves that the terrour of their names did reach to the neighbouring Nations Now these Topinambes before had inhabited the South coasts of Brasile where not being able to endure the hard entreaty of the Portugalls towards them after that they had come upon them they renounced their dear Countrey and voluntarily abandoned with great resolution more than eighty of their great Bourgades So they marched in infinite multitudes of men women and children streight towards the West and under the same parallell They crossed by swimming the great Rivers of Parane and of the Plata and leaving on their left hand the Province of Tucuman they in end took up their lodgings on the beginnings of the great River Madera But it befalling one of these Topinambes some while after to kill a Cow of a Spaniard on the frontier of Peru for which he was rudely chastised the same fear that carried them too lightly to leave their ancient abode made them all to dislodge presently from this new one And to the end to put themselves farre enough from all the Provinces of any neighbourhood with Peru possest by the Spaniards and and to make their Voyage or removall with lesse inconvenience and the more diligence and circumspection they embarqued themselves in Canoes which they had ready in great number and so suffered themselves to go at adventure down the stream of Madera and after sundry Moneths navigation found themselves arrived in the great Amazone and so lastly on the bankes of this I le of Topinambe which they possest by Armes as hath been said Now this Warlike and valiant Nation entertain'd very courteously the Portugalls at their passing them and received very pleasantly their proposalls that they made of a mutuall Covenant and Alliance Which alone might suffice for the conquest of the whole Realm of the Amazone seeing all ply to the only name of the Topinambes CHAP. XXX Of the Bosphore of the Amazone and of the Neighbouring Nations to it FOllowing the course of the great Amazone you shall find about fifty four leagues from the Topinambes the Bosphore of the Amazone whereby a marvellous effect of the naturall disposition of the ground of these Countries all the waters of the great River of the Amazones and of all the others that we have described reduce themselves by a sweet violence to the necessity of passing in one only channell so strait that it is no more than one good quarter of a league But of this famous Bosphore and all that concerns it see the tenth and thirteenth Chapters of this Book that we may passe without hinderance to the Province of Mataya which lies on the South-side of the great River from the Province of Cayane before-mentioned unto the Bosphore of the great Amazone The Inhabitants whereof being often beaten by the Topinambes have at last submitted to their yoake and are now their Tributaries being bound yearly to furnish them with Stone-axes to fell their Woods and great Trees and with other usefull Instruments of the same matter for labouring and manuring of the Ground wherein the Topinambes are marvellous expert and diligent as appears in all their plaines and champain Grounds But on the other North-banke of the great Amazone the Province of Apanta presents it self happy enough in all things It hath for its confines on the West the Province of Camsuare on the East it passeth the Bosphore and on the North its frontiers on the famous Region of the Amazones which I pass over as well as other doubtfull reports which the Spaniards and Portugalls have heard of it as they passed along the great River The Inhabitants of this Province next Neighbours to the Topinambes trade in Salt with them and other Nations that are farther from them and Salt is not found but in this place all alongst the whole course of the great Amazone As to the Apantes and Conures they labour their fair Fields that are watered by the Coruris which enters presently into the great River according to the tenth Chapter of this Book as also the Orixamine a River no lesse considerable of the same North-side and near to the Bosphore They have this singular amongst all the Peoples of that Countrey that their language is the common language of all Brasile though they be distant from it three hundred leagues But it may be that the Topinambes in keeping their own which was this have also communicated it to this neighbourhood Finally the best counsell that one can give on this behalf to a Prince or Republique in the progresse of this conquest is to keep the Bosphore in his possession and the Topinambes in amity and confederacy with him CHAP. XXXI Of the Province and River of Tapayse PResently after that the Amazone is come forth of the famous Bosphore he betakes himself to his accustomed broadnesse again and begins to mingle the boilings of his waters with the floods of the high-high-sea The first Province that he visits on his South-side takes its name from the great and broad River of the Tapayfe● and is no lesse considerable for the abundance of his Fruites and Crops than for the couragious Nation that inhabits it the which is so much the more redoubted to its Neighbours as that it addes to its valour an art of empoysoning their Arrows But the Source of this fair and fertile River is unknown to us as yet and yet its greatnesse makes it appear and perswades us that is it very remote on the South-side between the coast of Brasile and the great Lake of Xaraya About the year One thousand six hundred thirty the English went up his broad channell with one Ship and coming down his bankes again

Zaparara and make Sail or launch to the Southwest after that follow the coast of the Province of Maragnon and pass the Channell of the I le of the Sun at one degree and a quarter of South-latitude and twenty six Leagnes from the full Sea finally make Sail to the West leave the side of Para and keep the same latitude to gain the bankside of Corupa in the Province of Guyana and for conclusion follow still the same side and enter at last into the true Channell of the great River of the Amazones at two degrees of South-latitude and thirty Leagues beyond Corupa which is but one degree and a half of the same side of the Line CHAP. XXXVII Of the first discovery of this River FOrasmuch as historicall Relations are easilier understood if they follow Geographicall ones we have changed the order of Authors that went before us begun at the latter After that Gonsales Pizarro Governour of the Province of Kito had first of all the Spaniards pushed on by the same ambition to find gold and silver in the vast Countries of the great Amazone passed the high and dangerous Mountains of the Cordeliere and discovered the Province of Kixo his Lieutenant Generall Francis of Areillana finding himself well far engaged and that in Challops only on so many unknown and great Rivers and not knowing any sure way of going up again and returning to his Generall who with them that were with him suffered an extream great want of Victuals he would stay at the famous place where the River of Napo loseth himself in that great one of the Amazones where causing his men to build another Bark greater and more convenient than his others for a long navigation he resolved by an ambitious desire to purchase glory to commit his life and fortune to the uncertain currants and waters of that great River This admirable voyage and singular for so many circumstances was begun on the eighth of the Moneth of January in the year 1541 and continued with so much good luck and happiness that this great and marvellous River was wholly navigated and first discovered by this ventorious Knight from whom also the River had the name of Areillane In passing over the Provinces of the Cassique or Lord Aparia this Prince received him very courteously and advertised him to take heed in his way of travell of certain Amazones and warlike women the renown of whom though they were very far from him yet ceased not to give him knowledge of them Finally in his course he had diverse successes sometimes good sometimes bad according to the fear or fearless confidence of the Nations that saw him with astonishment pass along upon the great River And after having known not without admiration the Rio-negro he saw in the Moneth of June Indians in great number upon the banks thereof and at the head of them armed women which seemed to command and lead them to warre whereupon the Spaniards of Francis of Areillana and himself were so perswaded of the truth of these Amazones that they published the report of it with such confidence that from thence the name did remain to this great and memorable River Lastly after sundry fortunes and much wearinesse on the 26. of the moneth of August of the same year 1541. he went out at the great mouth of this great River and making sail towards the West along the coasts of Guyana and Paria Provinces of the same America on the eleventh of the moneth of September he happily attain'd the Isle of Cubagua near to that of Marguarite both of them inhabited by Spaniards and then rich in the fishing of Pearls CHAP. XXXVIII Of the second Expedition of Areillana in the same River AFter that Areillana was return'd to Europe had fill'd all Spain with the admiration of his adventures and the Court of the Emperour Charles the V. with the hopes of the great River of the Amazones had got also from this Prince whose arms and ambition troubled no lesse the old than the new-found world the charge of making conquest of it in the name of the Crown of Castile and that he had at his own leisure made ready three Ships and man'd them with Horsemen and provisions necessary he made sail the xi day of the moneth of May in the year 1549. from the Haven of St Luke of Barrameda in Andalusia for the Tenariff in the Canaries where the ships stayed three moneths as also two moneths more under Cape-verd on the Continent of Africk loosing by those stayes an 150. souldiers by sicknesse Passing from thence to the coast of America the tempest drown'd one ship to him which had xi horse and 70. men aboard and coming to half a degree of South-latitude he drew up sweet water in the full Sea and by that conjectur'd that infallibly he was in the River of the Amazones being not then above twelve Leagues from the point of Zaparara But having gone in an hundred Leagues into the great mouth of this great River an 107. of his folks being yet wanting to him and he perceiving that the rest would not be sufficient to furnish out these two ships he caused of the one of them a Barke to be made which was not compleated in three moneths and making sail again scarcely had he gone up twenty Leagues in the same River but he broke his other ship of the planks whereof he was constrain'd to make another Bark which thirty men made an end of only in two months and an half and that with much toile and wearinesse Areillana in this mean while set himselfe twice with the other Bark to seek the true channel of the Amazone and never having been able to find it amongst so many arms and Isles of that River and so confused he finished his life with his adventures being surcharged with travail grief and sadnesse so that the two Barks retired themselves severally from the great Amazone and following the coasts of the firm Land of America betook themselves to the Isles of Cubagua and the Marguarite where the Spaniards that were but few now surviving this so ruinous an expedition made an end of all the rest of their lives dying there of sicknesse CHAP. XXXIX Of Pedro D'Orsua and of the Tyrant Lope d'Aguirre AS all the Authours that have imployed their watchings to describe largely unto us the things of America were neither good enough Geographers nor good enough Geometricians to disintangle the difficulties that grows ordinarily in such matters so they have but too often fallen into contrarieties that make their Histories confused and into obscurities that robs their Readers of possibilities to understand them Such as would take advantage at depressing them will somewhat strange at my censure of them but I seeking nothing but truth and not after vain-glory in my works will passe on to my subject of this famous River the discovery whereof was no more essayed from Spain its self after the disgraces of Francis of Areillana but