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copper_n which_o become_v brown_a with_o the_o fire_n be_v call_v fritture_n be_v take_v out_o and_o cast_v away_o as_o have_v yield_v their_o oil_n the_o liquor_n than_o be_v jade_v out_o into_o a_o boat_n half_n full_a of_o water_n both_o to_o cool_v and_o cleanse_v it_o by_o suffer_v all_o the_o filth_n to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o thence_o by_o long_a trough_n that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o cool_v convey_v into_o the_o hogshead_n or_o other_o like_a vessel_n whale-bone_n the_o whale-bone_n the_o head_n which_o be_v at_o least_o one_o three_o of_o the_o whole_a fish_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o tug_v as_o near_o the_o shore_n as_o they_o can_v bring_v it_o than_o hoist_a up_o by_o a_o crane_n and_o the_o fin_n bronchiae_n pinnae_fw-la or_o whatever_o you_o please_v to_o call_v they_o their_o substance_n be_v like_a horn_n but_o we_o call_v they_o whale-bone_n be_v cut_v out_o dressed_z and_o bind_v up_o by_o fifty_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o head_n which_o yield_v oil_n 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etc._n so_o that_o in_o those_o part_n only_o they_o make_v garden_n and_o till_o their_o ground_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n the_o air_n though_o very_o cold_a and_o pierce_a yet_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o any_o of_o other_o region_n in_o healthfulness_n and_o pureness_n either_o because_o the_o vapour_n coagulate_v and_o so_o make_v heavy_a by_o the_o cold_a fall_n down_o or_o from_o the_o frequent_a wind_n which_o sometime_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o hinder_v all_o passenger_n from_o travel_v and_o likewise_o root_v up_o all_o tree_n and_o bush_n that_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n so_o that_o on_o several_a of_o the_o laplandish_a as_o well_o as_o dofrine_v mountain_n there_o be_v no_o tree_n or_o shrub_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o fish-bone_n for_o fuel_n but_o most_o terrible_a be_v those_o tempest_n and_o whirlwind_n say_v j._n magn._n which_o arise_v from_o the_o north_n sometime_o take_v away_o the_o water_n of_o 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bothnick_a sea_n in_o their_o course_n they_o run_v through_o many_o hilly_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o be_v stop_v by_o several_a dam_n and_o wear_v and_o so_o violent_o force_v their_o way_n over_o precipice_n be_v not_o navigable_a such_o be_v the_o sluice_n muscaumokke_n sao_n and_o niometsaski_n i._n e._n hares-leap_a so_o call_v because_o the_o river_n lughla_fw-mi run_v between_o two_o mountain_n so_o near_o that_o a_o hare_n may_v leap_v over_o beside_o these_o lake_n lake_n and_o other_o less_o remarkable_a river_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o pool_n or_o lake_n as_o lulafraesk_n lugga_n sabbaig_n etc._n etc._n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o such_o like_a fish_n one_o there_o be_v name_v stoorafvan_n in_o which_o there_o be_v as_o many_o little_a island_n as_o there_o be_v day_n in_o the_o year_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v enaresraesk_n near_o kimus_n wherein_o the_o hill_n and_o island_n be_v by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v innumerable_a and_o torneus_fw-la affirm_v that_o never_o any_o inhabitant_n live_v long_o enough_o to_o survey_v they_o all_o some_o of_o these_o be_v small_a but_o fishy_a they_o call_v they_o suino_n i._n e._n holy_a and_o account_v it_o a_o sin_n to_o foul_a they_o some_o of_o they_o have_v two_o channel_n and_o when_o the_o fish_n forsake_v the_o upper_a they_o account_v it_o a_o ill_a omen_n and_o use_v ridiculous_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o daemon_n of_o that_o march_n here_o be_v mountain_n most_o of_o they_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a mountain_n mountain_n some_o also_o very_o high_a and_o almost_o unpassable_a especial_o towards_o norway_n which_o the_o swede_n call_v fiael_n or_o as_o the_o northern_a english_a fell_n and_o the_o laplander_n tudderi_n they_o arise_v about_o zemptland_n whence_o with_o continue_a ascent_n towards_o the_o north_n they_o reach_v a_o 100_o mile_n in_o length_n till_o they_o come_v to_o titus-fiord_a which_o be_v a_o bay_n of_o the_o freeze_a sea_n till_o 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certainty_n concern_v it_o come_v to_o our_o hand_n what_o further_o concern_v they_o will_v fall_v more_o proper_o under_o the_o discourse_n of_o sweden_n the_o stone_n of_o this_o country_n general_o be_v extreme_o hard_a of_o a_o ash_n colour_n and_o unworkable_a stone_n stone_n some_o there_o be_v find_v on_o the_o shore_n which_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o some_o animal_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n esteem_v much_o and_o adore_v for_o god_n under_o the_o name_n of_o storjunkare_o some_o author_n speak_v of_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o diamond_n amethyst_n and_o topaz_n the_o diamond_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v of_o a_o incredible_a bigness_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o either_o crystal_n or_o fluore_n and_o scheffer_n give_v the_o same_o sentence_n of_o the_o other_o here_o be_v find_v in_o some_o few_o river_n a_o sort_n of_o pearl_n but_o neither_o so_o oriental_a nor_o so_o well_o shape_v as_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o indies_n in_o the_o whole_a 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to_o this_o country_n but_o no_o bird_n abound_v more_o than_o the_o white_a partridge_n not_o only_o in_o the_o wood_n but_o on_o the_o high_a mountain_n even_o when_o cover_v with_o the_o deep_a snow_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o hair_n instead_o of_o feather_n which_o in_o the_o winter_n be_v white_a but_o when_o the_o spring_n come_v they_o turn_v to_o their_o proper_a colour_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v usual_a in_o all_o cold_a country_n they_o have_v hare_n foot_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v by_o some_o lagopodes_n fish_n be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o inhabitant_n but_o frequent_o transport_v into_o other_o nation_n although_o their_o constant_a victual_n be_v nothing_o but_o dry_a fish_n such_o as_o abound_v most_o be_v salmon_n and_o pike_n whereof_o some_o be_v find_v eight_o foot_n long_o of_o
esq_n benjamin_n woodroff_n d._n d._n canon_n of_o ch._n ch._n oxon_n sr._n peter_n wyche_n lady_n wymondesold_n of_o putney_n tho._n wyndham_n esq_n groom_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n john_n wyvell_n minister_n by_o rochester_n richard_n ld._n arch_n bp._n of_o york_n robert_n earl_n of_o yarmouth_n robert_n yard_n esq_n john_n yardley_n m._n d._n col._n med._n lond._n s._n hon._n tho._n yate_n d._n d._n principal_a of_o brazen-nose_n coll._n oxon_n james_n young_a esq_n robert_n young_a canon_n of_o windsor_n orbis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la tabula_fw-la auctore_fw-la joanne_n à _fw-fr loon_n honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qui_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr serenissimo_fw-la potentissimoque_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la carolo_n secundo_fw-la magnae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la reg_n defensor_fw-la fidei_fw-la hanc_fw-la tabulam_fw-la totius_fw-la orbis_n d._n d._n d._n 〈…〉_o nova_fw-la totius_fw-la terrarum_fw-la orbis_fw-la geographica_n ac_fw-la hydrographica_n tabula_fw-la to_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n by_o divine_a permission_n ld._n bishop_n of_o oxon_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v johannes_n jansonius_n à _fw-fr waesberge_n and_o moses_n pitt_n and_o steven_n swart_a septem_fw-la planeta_n luna_fw-la ♋_o ☽_o mercurius_n ♊_o ☿_o venus_n ♎_o ♉_o sol_fw-la ♌_o ☉_o mars_n ♈_o ♂_o jupiter_n â™_o ♃_o saturnus_n ♑_o ♄_o quatuor_fw-la elementae_fw-la ignis_fw-la aer_fw-la aqua_fw-la terra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la anni_fw-la tempestates_fw-la ver_fw-la ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aestas_fw-la ♋_o ♌_o â™_o autumnus_fw-la ♎_o â™_o â™_o hiems_n ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o septem_fw-la mirabilia_fw-la mundi_fw-la murus_n babyloniae_fw-la colossus_n pyramid_n mausoleum_n dianae_n templum_n jupiter_n olympicus_n pharos_n america_n septentrionalism_n terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la the_o introduction_n cosmography_n be_v a_o general_a description_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n work_n the_o intention_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n consist_v of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n of_o both_o which_o a_o account_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v give_v in_o this_o atlas_n that_o of_o the_o heaven_n be_v reserve_v to_o a_o peculiar_a volume_n it_o being_n as_o we_o conceive_v of_o great_a necessity_n that_o we_o begin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o first_o of_o this_o great_a globe_n in_o general_a the_o description_n whereof_o belong_v to_o geography_n as_o that_o of_o particular_a region_n and_o country_n be_v call_v chorography_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o peculiar_a map_n nor_o shall_v we_o omit_v such_o topographical_n description_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o lesser_a place_n as_o city_n river_n mountain_n etc._n etc._n where_o advantage_n may_v be_v to_o the_o reader_n now_o this_o globe_n which_o we_o call_v of_o the_o earth_n consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n or_o sea_n the_o description_n of_o those_o be_v proper_o name_v hydrography_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o mouth_n of_o great_a river_n the_o havens_n rock_n shallow_n creek_n and_o such_o other_o consideration_n as_o concern_v navigation_n to_o this_o also_o a_o entire_a volume_n in_o this_o edition_n of_o a_o atlas_n be_v design_v and_o because_o that_o of_o ancient_a time_n the_o division_n and_o boundary_n of_o kingdom_n and_o country_n be_v very_o much_o divers_a from_o those_o at_o present_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n which_o must_v needs_o happen_v by_o treat_v in_o the_o same_o place_n of_o thing_n so_o different_a it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o reserve_v the_o ancient_a geography_n to_o a_o particular_a tome_n to_o be_v put_v forth_o with_o the_o rest_n in_o its_o due_a time_n thus_o you_o have_v a_o account_n of_o what_o be_v intend_v in_o the_o edition_n of_o this_o great_a work_n but_o it_o be_v first_o necessary_a to_o explain_v such_o term_n and_o lay_v such_o general_a ground_n as_o be_v of_o use_n through_o all_o the_o volume_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o this_o preface_n or_o introduction_n first_o than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v earth_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v but_o one_o body_n the_o figure_n whereof_o be_v round_o and_o therefore_o be_v best_a and_o most_o natural_o represent_v by_o those_o we_o call_v globe_n though_o map_n also_o or_o plain_a figure_n if_o careful_o draw_v be_v sufficient_o exact_a this_o proposition_n though_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v rational_o enough_o as_o now_o grant_v by_o all_o learned_a man_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v evident_o prove_v both_o from_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a appearance_n whereof_o a_o account_n and_o reason_n may_v easy_o be_v give_v by_o this_o figure_n and_o not_o by_o any_o other_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n rise_v soon_o to_o they_o who_o live_v eastward_o than_o they_o do_v to_o we_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a 2._o to_o those_o who_o live_v 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water_n break_v through_o and_o overwhelm_v so_o much_o of_o the_o
dry_a land_n till_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o obstacle_n strong_a enough_o to_o coerce_v it_o from_o hence_o some_o do_v imagine_v that_o the_o mountain_n and_o valley_n be_v then_o also_o form_v the_o earth_n be_v before_o equal_a and_o smooth_a which_o be_v very_o probable_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o scripture_n say_v that_o the_o dry_a land_n than_o first_o appear_v other_o also_o imagine_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n equal_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o deep_a sea_n which_o indeed_o may_v be_v so_o but_o be_v not_o evident_o deduce_v from_o what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o observe_v it_o be_v more_o considerable_a what_o olearius_n mention_n that_o examine_v with_o a_o instrument_n the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n he_o find_v they_o level_v with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o border_a mountain_n p._n 142_o of_o his_o travel_n where_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n his_o experiment_n suppose_v it_o true_o make_v if_o not_o to_o be_v solve_v by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o refraction_n i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v to_o it_o as_o neither_o can_v i_o resolve_v whether_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n earth_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o all_o heavy_a body_n descend_v to_o it_o as_o their_o proper_a place_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o stability_n and_o unmoveableness_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o as_o other_o think_v that_o heavy_a thing_n descend_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o by_o a_o magnetical_a virtue_n draw_v to_o it_o from_o such_o a_o distance_n but_o this_o opinion_n declare_v not_o how_o the_o earth_n keep_v its_o place_n in_o the_o air._n or_o as_o other_o say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o a_o shell_n of_o no_o great_a thickness_n perhaps_o of_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n and_o within_o it_o be_v quite_o hollow_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o weight_n be_v so_o 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i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n issue_v by_o these_o spring_n that_o perhaps_o all_o these_o cause_n and_o many_o more_o will_v hardly_o be_v sufficient_a consider_v that_o some_o particular_a river_n v._o g._n volga_n vent_v say_v varenius_n as_o much_o water_n in_o one_o year_n as_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n amount_v to_o or_o if_o not_o one_o as_o some_o think_v they_o demonstrate_v yet_o three_o or_o four_o or_o as_o many_o as_o flow_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n discharge_v so_o much_o water_n as_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v except_o we_o acknowledge_v a_o circulation_n of_o water_n not_o only_o by_o be_v rarify_v into_o vapour_n and_o condense_v again_o but_o also_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o conceive_n whereof_o perhaps_o it_o may_v somewhat_o conduce_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o content_n of_o this_o great_a globe_n at_o least_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v 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which_o they_o say_v happen_v frequent_o in_o the_o great_a and_o sandy_a desert_n but_o these_o be_v very_o few_o and_o i_o suppose_v as_o easy_o blow_v asunder_o as_o bring_v together_o however_o these_o deserve_v here_o no_o particular_a consideration_n this_o rise_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o large_a continent_n be_v doubtless_o very_o great_a though_o none_o either_o have_v or_o will_v ever_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n and_o charge_n to_o measure_v it_o yet_o some_o estimation_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o length_n and_o swiftness_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o able_a to_o sail_v against_o that_o stream_n who_o declivity_n be_v one_o pace_n in_o a_o hundred_o yet_o some_o declivity_n there_o must_v be_v and_o as_o they_o say_v seldom_o be_v it_o less_o than_o one_o in_o five_o hundred_o suppose_v then_o the_o nile_n which_o run_v in_o the_o great_a continent_n africa_n which_o we_o know_v in_o the_o world_n it_o disembogue_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o 31_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n zaire_n which_o be_v in_o 10_o deg_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v 14_o of_o southerly_a latitude_n in_o all_o 41_o deg_fw-la which_o come_v to_o about_o 2460_o mile_n english_a if_o run_v straight_o but_o because_o of_o its_o bend_n it_o may_v be_v well_o estimate_v 3000_o mile_n which_o allow_v two_o foot_n to_o a_o mile_n come_v to_o six_o thousand_o foot_n if_o it_o move_v with_o as_o slow_a a_o motion_n as_o can_v be_v but_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o swift_a river_n the_o mud_n not_o settle_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v in_o it_o divers_a great_a cataract_n the_o lake_n of_o zaire_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o mouth_n of_o nilus_n but_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n be_v more_o certain_o and_o easy_o know_v and_o divers_a of_o they_o have_v be_v measure_v as_o one_o of_o the_o high_a hill_n betwixt_o yorkshire_n and_o lancashire_n 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be_v discovery_n two_o venetian_a gentleman_n that_o be_v here_o shipwreck_a they_o describe_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v good_a christian_n very_o civil_a and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o great_a lord_n who_o name_n be_v zichmay_v who_o mighty_a conquest_n and_o strange_a accident_n may_v be_v read_v in_o hackluit_n it_o be_v not_o our_o business_n to_o write_v or_o repeat_v romance_n those_o man_n who_o our_o seaman_n touch_v there_o accident_o see_v be_v like_a in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o gronelander_n both_o in_o feature_n of_o body_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v judge_v so_o like_v that_o many_o of_o they_o think_v it_o continue_v to_o groneland_n in_o which_o opinion_n also_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ice_n which_o come_v from_o the_o north_n argue_v land_n to_o be_v that_o way_n for_o many_o of_o our_o mariner_n hold_v that_o salt_n water_n do_v not_o freeze_v but_o that_o all_o the_o ice_n they_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n come_v from_o the_o bay_n and_o mouth_n of_o fresh_a water_n rivers_n for_o the_o ice_n itself_o be_v sweet_a and_o fresh_a be_v dissolve_v and_o serve_v to_o all_o purpose_n as_o well_o as_o spring_v or_o river_n water_n beside_o the_o salt_n sea_n they_o say_v be_v always_o in_o motion_n and_o so_o can_v freeze_v but_o the_o dutch_a who_o winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n take_v notice_n that_o the_o salt_n water_n freeze_v and_o that_o two_o inch_n thick_a in_o one_o night_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v good_a fish_n every_o where_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o their_o sounding_n they_o bring_v up_o a_o sort_n of_o pale_a coral_n and_o little_a stone_n clear_a as_o crystal_n they_o call_v it_o west_n england_n and_o one_o of_o the_o high_a mountain_n they_o call_v charing-cross_n europa_n delineata_fw-la et_fw-la recens_fw-la edita_fw-la per_fw-la nicolaum_n visscher_n nobilissimo_fw-la prudent_a domino_fw-la d._n simoni_n van_n hoorn_v consulo_fw-la et_fw-la senatori_fw-la vrbis_fw-la amstelodamensis_n 〈◊〉_d ordinum_fw-la belgicae_fw-la feoderatae_fw-la nomine_fw-la ad_fw-la magnae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la regem_fw-la nuper_fw-la legato_n extraordinario_fw-la tabulam_fw-la hanc_fw-la d._n d._n nicolaus_n visscher_n europe_n the_o holy_a scripture_n a_o monument_n ancient_a flood_n the_o people_n of_o the_o world_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n than_o any_o among_o the_o heathen_n declare_v the_o whole_a earth_n after_o the_o flood_n to_o have_v be_v overspread_v by_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n cham_n posterity_n seem_v to_o have_v people_v africa_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a continent_n yet_o not_o so_o universal_o but_o that_o divers_a colony_n be_v there_o plant_v both_o of_o the_o son_n of_o sem_fw-mi and_z japhet_n the_o posterity_n of_o sem_fw-mi and_z japhet_n be_v so_o intermingle_v that_o even_o ancient_o much_o less_o in_o these_o late_a time_n there_o can_v not_o be_v any_o exact_a distinguish_n of_o their_o limit_n though_o the_o common_a opinion_n be_v that_o japhet_n son_n inhabit_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n we_o must_v therefore_o omit_v this_o division_n for_o want_v of_o evidence_n and_o content_v ourselves_o with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n divide_v the_o then_o know_a world_n into_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n the_o modern_a discoverer_n have_v add_v america_n world_n the_o ancient_a division_n of_o the_o world_n now_o when_o this_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n be_v first_o institute_v as_o also_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o name_n be_v to_o we_o utter_o unknown_a that_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a appear_v by_o herodotus_n the_o first_o credible_a historian_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o heathen_n and_o from_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o four_o book_n
black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o guard_n which_o be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o ancient_a ruin_n which_o they_o call_v aslan-korodick_a tawan_n be_v the_o great_a and_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a be_v all_o in_o one_o channel_n the_o last_o pass_v and_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n be_v oczacow_n where_o the_o river_n be_v three_o mile_n broad_a yet_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o pass_v it_o frequent_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n at_o the_o stern_a whereof_o they_o fasten_v across_o pole_n of_o a_o good_a length_n upon_o which_o they_o tie_v the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n as_o many_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o the_o other_o to_o balance_v they_o they_o put_v their_o baggage_n in_o the_o boat_n and_o row_v it_o over_o and_o with_o it_o the_o horse_n the_o turk_n pass_v over_o in_o this_o manner_n forty_o thousand_o 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what_o christian_n they_o can_v and_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o turk_n of_o these_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o there_o be_v also_o many_o turkish_a village_n along_o the_o south-bank_n of_o the_o niester_n but_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o danow_n as_o also_o betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v desert_n and_o be_v inhabitate_v by_o those_o tartar_n who_o there_o pasture_v their_o flock_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o such_o also_o be_v the_o vkrain_n till_o of_o late_a that_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v render_v it_o as_o fruitful_a as_o it_o be_v before_o desert_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o it_o by_o what_o monsieur_n beauplan_n say_v that_o in_o seventeen_o year_n that_o he_o live_v in_o that_o country_n himself_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o above_o fifty_o colony_n which_o in_o a_o few_o year_n sprout_v into_o above_o a_o thousand_o village_n but_o be_v so_o late_o plant_v the_o reader_n can_v expect_v we_o shall_v have_v much_o to_o inform_v he_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v almost_o proper_a to_o this_o country_n they_o have_v a_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v bobac_n anim._n anim._n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o guiny-pig_n they_o make_v hole_n in_o the_o earth_n whereinto_o they_o enter_v in_o october_n and_o come_v not_o abroad_o till_o april_n within_o they_o have_v many_o little_a apartment_n dispose_v several_o their_o provision_n their_o dead_a their_o lodging_n etc._n etc._n eight_o or_o nine_o family_n live_v together_o as_o in_o a_o city_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a habitation_n they_o be_v easy_o tame_v and_o be_v very_o gamesome_a in_o a_o house_n when_o they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o provision_n they_o set_v a_o sentinel_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o spy_v any_o one_o give_v a_o signal_n by_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o they_o all_o haste_n to_o their_o cave_n many_o more_o thing_n be_v speak_v of_o these_o little_a creature_n as_o that_o they_o have_v slave_n and_o punishment_n etc._n etc._n sounaky_a a_o kind_n of_o goat_n be_v desire_v for_o his_o beautiful_a sattin-like_a fur_n and_o white_a shine_a smooth_a delicate_a horn_n he_o have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o nose_n and_o can_v feed_v except_o he_o go_v backward_o thy_o have_v many_o wild_a horse_n but_o of_o no_o value_n only_o for_o their_o flesh_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o think_v it_o better_o than_o beef_n or_o veal_n when_o these_o horse_n come_v to_o be_v old_a their_o hoof_n so_o straiten_v their_o foot_n be_v never_o pare_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o go_v as_o if_o that_o beast_n be_v so_o make_v for_o man_n use_n that_o without_o his_o care_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la regni_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nobiliss_n &_o tam_fw-la dignitate_fw-la â—…ueris_fw-la quan_fw-mi meritis_fw-la ac_fw-la patriam_fw-la honoratiis_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n no_o nicolao_n pahl_n in_fw-la celeberrimo_fw-la maris_fw-la balthici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la praeconsuli_n &_o vicepraesidi_fw-la bonarum_fw-la artium_fw-la patrono_fw-la ac_fw-la fautori_fw-la observantiae_fw-la ergò_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n poland_n polonia_n or_o poland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o conjecture_n from_o pole_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n here_o common_o speak_v signify_v a_o plain_a and_o champain_n country_n such_o as_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o their_o first_o captain_n lechus_n or_o lachus_n be_v call_v po-lachi_a that_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o lachus_n and_o by_o corruption_n polani_n and_o poloni_n impart_v their_o name_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o call_v themselves_o polacci_fw-la the_o italian_n polacchi_fw-la the_o russian_n greek_n and_o tartar_n call_v they_o lachi_n and_o lechitae_n the_o hungarian_n lengel_n probable_o for_o lechel_n the_o same_o with_o po-lachi_a but_o hartknoch_n find_v the_o bulanes_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n and_o observe_v the_o poloni_n to_o be_v call_v bolani_n and_o bolanii_n by_o the_o german_a writer_n think_v he_o have_v make_v the_o fair_a discovery_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n nevertheless_o cromerus_n affirm_v that_o the_o present_a name_n either_o of_o the_o country_n or_o people_n have_v not_o be_v in_o use_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n certain_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 880_o this_o country_n be_v call_v weonodland_n and_o before_o that_o by_o the_o roman_n general_o sarmatia_n as_o be_v the_o best_a know_a part_n of_o that_o great_a country_n only_o that_o branch_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o weissel_n 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in_o
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n
near_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o two_o place_n measure_v by_o the_o arc_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v the_o other_o side_n but_o this_o case_n have_v so_o many_o variety_n and_o intricacy_n that_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a operation_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o problem_n with_o that_o in_o navigation_n have_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n betwixt_o two_o place_n to_o find_v out_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o rumb_n lead_v to_o they_o which_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o demonstrate_v in_o another_o volume_n to_o be_v set_v forth_o concern_v such_o matter_n a_o easy_a method_n and_o sufficient_o accurate_a for_o ordinary_a use_n be_v to_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o then_o to_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o mark_v how_o many_o degree_n they_o set_v off_o there_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o give_v their_o distance_n in_o mile_n but_o indeed_o the_o most_o accurate_a observer_n find_v that_o about_o 66_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n answer_v to_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o that_o 60_o be_v use_v only_o for_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o number_n and_o readiness_n of_o computation_n every_o mile_n according_a to_o this_o rate_n answer_v to_o a_o minute_n which_o will_v be_v a_o very_a strange_a and_o happy_a chance_n if_o it_o be_v exact_o so_o this_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o several_a way_n but_o the_o most_o practicable_a and_o certain_a be_v by_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o two_o place_n distant_a northward_o one_o from_o the_o other_o about_o a_o hundred_o mile_n or_o as_o much_o more_o as_o may_v be_v and_o then_o take_v the_o true_a distance_n and_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n from_o the_o other_o by_o a_o large_a survey_a instrument_n and_o scale_n make_v by_o a_o accurate_a workman_n not_o go_v always_o along_o the_o highway_n but_o from_o bystation_n observe_v church_n and_o such_o remarkable_a place_n the_o mile_n and_o other_o measure_n be_v so_o much_o different_a in_o one_o nation_n from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o another_o yea_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o another_o that_o they_o can_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n and_o uncertainty_n be_v reduce_v to_o one_o common_a standard_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o often_o in_o the_o same_o map_n we_o have_v a_o triple_a scale_n of_o mile_n the_o long_a short_a and_o mean_a one_o the_o italian_a mile_n be_v common_o reckon_v equal_a to_o the_o english_a two_o of_o these_o make_v a_o french_a league_n somewhat_o more_o than_o three_o of_o they_o a_o spanish_a league_n four_o of_o they_o a_o german_a mile_n five_o and_o somewhat_o more_o a_o swedish_n or_o danish_a mile_n what_o have_v be_v far_o attempt_v for_o the_o reduction_n of_o short_a foreign_a measure_n to_o our_o english_a foot_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n  _fw-fr english_fw-fr foot_n inch._n 10_o part_n english_a foot_n 00_o 12_o 00_o rynland_n or_o lynden_n which_o be_v the_o old_a roman_a foot_n 01_o 00_o 04_o leyden_n ell_n 02_o 03_o 01_o paris_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 08_o lion_n ell_n 03_o 11_o 07_o bologna_n ell_n 02_o 00_o 08_o amsterdam_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 03_o ell_n 02_o 03_o 02_o brill_n foot_n 01_o 01_o 02_o dort_n foot_n 01_o 02_o 02_o antwerp_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 03_o ell_n 02_o 03_o 03_o lorain_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o mechlin_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 00_o middleburg_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 09_o strasburg_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 00_o bremen_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 06_o cologn_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o frankford_n and_o menain_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o ell_n 01_o 09_o 09_o hamburg_n ell_n 01_o 10_o 08_o leipsig_n ell_n 02_o 03_o 01_o lubic_n ell_n 01_o 09_o 08_o noremburgh_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 01_o ell_n 02_o 03_o 03_o bavaria_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 04_o vienna_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 06_o spanish_n or_o castille_n palm_n 00_o 09_o 00_o spanish_n vare_fw-la or_o rod_n 03_o 00_o 00_o foot_n 01_o 00_o 00_o lisbon_n vare_fw-la 02_o 09_o 00_o gibraltar_n vare_fw-la 02_o 09_o 01_o toledo_n foot_n 00_o 10_o 07_o vare_fw-la 02_o 08_o 02_o roman_a large_a foot_n 00_o 11_o 01_o roman_a lesser_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 06_o roman_a palm_n ten_o make_v a_o can_v 00_o 08_o 08_o bononia_n foot_n 01_o 02_o 04_o ell_n 02_o 01_o 07_o perch_n 12_o 00_o 05_o florence_n ell_n or_o brace_n 01_o 11_o 00_o naples_n palm_n 00_o 09_o 06_o brace_n 02_o 01_o 02_o can_v 06_o 10_o 05_o genoa_n palm_n 00_o 09_o 06_o mantova_n foot_n 01_o 06_o 08_o milan_n calamus_fw-la 06_o 06_o 05_o parma_n cubit_n 01_o 10_o 04_o venice_n foot_n 01_o 01_o 09_o dantzick_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 03_o ell_n 01_o 10_o 08_o copenhagen_n foot_n 00_o 11_o 06_o prague_n in_o bohemia_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 03_o riga_n foot_n 01_o 09_o 09_o china_n cubit_n 01_o 00_o 02_o turin_n foot_n 01_o 00_o 07_o cairo_n cubit_n 01_o 09_o 09_o persian_a arash_n 03_o 02_o 03_o constantinople_n great_a pike_n 02_o 02_o 04_o greek_a foot_n 01_o 00_o 01_o page_n 7._o col_fw-fr 2._o l._n 29._o in_o the_o transaction_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n ann_n 1674_o n._n 101_o it_o be_v mention_v that_o the_o grand_fw-fr tzaar_n send_v to_o discover_v nova_n zembla_n and_o find_v it_o a_o peninsula_n join_v to_o tartary_n as_o in_o the_o map_n which_o if_o true_a we_o can_v well_o imagine_v how_o barent_n shall_v winter_v upon_o it_o nor_o how_o divers_a other_o relation_n agree_v to_o it_o as_o concern_v waygatz_n and_o the_o like_a though_o the_o french_a surgeon_n seem_v to_o make_v it_o also_o continue_a to_o the_o main_a land_n in_o sum_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o very_o little_a of_o those_o part_n be_v discover_v they_o who_o sail_n thither_o not_o trace_v from_o port_n to_o port_n but_o because_o of_o the_o ill_a weather_n harbour_v where_o they_o first_o approach_v and_o depart_v as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v in_o the_o year_n 1676_o the_o industrious_a and_o ingenious_a seaman_n capt._n wood_n be_v again_o send_v out_o by_o his_o majesty_n king_n charles_n ii_o to_o make_v a_o more_o perfect_a discovery_n of_o that_o north-east_n passage_n persuade_v unto_o it_o by_o divers_a relation_n of_o our_o own_o and_o dutch_a mariner_n who_o report_v many_o thing_n concern_v it_o which_o capt._n wood_n upon_o his_o own_o experience_n conceive_v to_o be_v false_a as_o that_o they_o be_v either_o under_o or_o near_o the_o pole_n that_o it_o be_v there_o all_o thaw_a water_n and_o the_o weather_n as_o warm_v as_o at_o amsterdam_n etc._n etc._n he_o say_v further_a that_o himself_o can_v pass_v no_o further_o than_o 76_o deg_fw-la where_o he_o find_v the_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v discern_v entire_o freeze_v without_o intermission_n that_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o nova_n zembla_n and_o greenland_n be_v the_o same_o continent_n at_o least_o that_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n between_o they_o for_o that_o he_o find_v scarce_o any_o current_n and_o that_o little_a which_o be_v ran_o e._n s._n e._n along_o the_o ice_n and_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v a_o small_a tide_n rise_v not_o above_o eight_o foot_n that_o whilst_o he_o be_v in_o that_o degree_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o fog_n frost_n snow_n and_o all_o imaginable_a ill_a weather_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o heat_n seem_v to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o at_o any_o time_n in_o england_n that_o the_o land_n where_o not_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v so_o boggy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o walk_v upon_o it_o be_v grow_v over_o with_o a_o deep_a moss_n under_o which_o they_o dig_v in_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n to_o a_o firm_a body_n of_o ice_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v any_o cave_n for_o their_o winter-lodging_n have_v they_o be_v force_v to_o it_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o rill_n of_o very_a good_a water_n and_o some_o vein_n of_o black_a marble_n the_o point_n he_o land_v at_o he_o call_v speedill_n point_n in_o 76_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n the_o sea-water_n be_v extraordinary_a salt_n and_o so_o clear_a that_o he_o can_v see_v the_o shell_n at_o 80_o fathom_n deep_a the_o like_a opinion_n also_o capt._n james_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o north-west_n passage_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o pass_v that_o way_n to_o china_n japan_n etc._n etc._n because_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a tide_n ebb_n and_o flood_n set_v into_o hudsons_n strait_n the_o flood_n still_o come_v from_o the_o eastward_o which_o as_o it_o proceed_v correspondent_a to_o the_o distance_n it_o alter_v its_o time_n of_o full_a sea_n which_o also_o enter_v into_o bay_n and_o break_a ground_n become_v distract_v and_o reverse_v with_o half_a tide_n 2._o because_o he_o find_v
same_o person_n go_v again_o arrive_v there_o july_n 2_o they_o go_v on_o shore_n and_o july_n 6_o slay_v abundance_n of_o morss_n and_o not_o only_o with_o shot_n as_o they_o do_v the_o year_n before_o but_o with_o lance_n dextrous_o use_v direct_v they_o to_o certain_a place_n of_o their_o body_n they_o begin_v also_o to_o boil_v their_o blubber_v and_o make_v 11_o tun_n of_o oil_n 5_o of_o their_o belly_n will_v yield_v one_o hogshead_n and_o abundance_n of_o tooth_n here_o also_o they_o find_v a_o lead-mine_a under_o mount-misery_n and_o bring_v away_o about_o 30_o tun_n of_o the_o oar._n in_o 1606_o the_o same_o ship_n with_o the_o same_o person_n be_v send_v again_o and_o land_v july_n 3_o in_o 74_o deg_fw-la 55_o min._n where_o they_o stay_v till_o the_o ice_n be_v all_o clear_v for_o the_o morss_n will_v not_o come_v to_o shore_n till_o the_o ice_n be_v all_o vanish_v where_o at_o one_o time_n in_o six_o hour_n they_o slay_v betwixt_o 7_o and_o 800_o morss_n and_o 2_o great_a 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5_o toe_n with_o short_a sharp_a nail_n with_o which_o they_o climb_v the_o ice_n and_o as_o large_a as_o a_o great_a ox_n have_v a_o great_a semicircular_a tusk_n grow_v on_o each_o side_n of_o their_o upper_a jaw_n which_o be_v very_o much_o value_v especial_o by_o the_o northern_a people_n partly_o for_o their_o use_n in_o medicine_n as_o to_o make_v cramprings_a which_o they_o make_v also_o of_o the_o bristle_n upon_o his_o cheek_n to_o resist_v poison_n and_o other_o malignant_a disease_n wherein_o they_o be_v at_o least_o equal_a to_o that_o call_v the_o unicorns-horn_n but_o more_o for_o their_o beauty_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o if_o not_o surpass_v ivory_n the_o heaviness_n of_o it_o make_v it_o much_o seek_v after_o for_o handle_n of_o sword_n their_o skin_n be_v dress_v be_v thick_a than_o two_o ox-hides_a yet_o light_a and_o excellent_a to_o make_v target_n against_o dart_n and_o arrow_n of_o the_o savage_n they_o feed_v upon_o fish_n and_o herb_n and_o sleep_v if_o there_o 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frequent_o also_o they_o sleep_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o if_o they_o have_v convenience_n upon_o a_o high_a and_o steep_a place_n they_o always_o go_v in_o great_a company_n and_o set_v one_o to_o keep_v watch_n which_o if_o surprise_v a_o sleep_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o kill_v all_o the_o rest_n but_o if_o he_o give_v warning_n by_o grunt_v they_o clap_v their_o hinder_a foot_n under_o their_o two_o tusk_n and_o so_o roll_v into_o the_o sea_n but_o if_o they_o be_v catch_v on_o plain_a ground_n yet_o be_v they_o hardly_o slay_v be_v both_o strong_a and_o fierce_a and_o all_o haste_v one_o way_n to_o the_o water_n the_o dutch_a at_o first_o be_v very_o much_o trouble_v to_o kill_v they_o their_o shot_n the_o beast_n value_v not_o much_o their_o hatchet_n and_o half-pike_n will_v not_o pierce_v they_o nor_o do_v they_o think_v they_o can_v be_v kill_v except_o strike_v with_o great_a force_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o forehead_n the_o first_o time_n they_o set_v upon_o 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a_o long_a island_n lie_v much_o what_o as_o they_o say_v of_o mayens_n and_o have_v be_v visit_v by_o the_o whale-fisher_n but_o it_o be_v more_o north_n than_o they_o place_v their_o island_n the_o itch_n of_o ascribe_v discovery_n to_o themselves_o have_v bring_v as_o i_o fear_v confusion_n both_o in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n john_n mayens-island_n john_n mayens-island_n so_o call_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o discoverer_n as_o the_o dutch_a pretend_v seem_v by_o the_o english_a to_o be_v call_v hope-island_n or_o if_o not_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o english_a have_v be_v upon_o it_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a consequence_n all_o that_o be_v speak_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o extend_v in_o length_n from_o south-west_n to_o north-east_n the_o far_a it_o shoot_v out_o in_o length_n the_o more_o contract_v and_o narrow_a it_o grow_v in_o breadth_n so_o that_o in_o the_o middle_a the_o distance_n be_v very_o small_a 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of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v person_n send_v to_o instruct_v and_o govern_v they_o according_a to_o those_o excellent_a rule_n which_o themselves_o there_o see_v which_o thing_n be_v according_o grant_v and_o governor_n send_v and_o castle_n and_o town_n order_v to_o be_v build_v and_o the_o people_n to_o be_v instruct_v as_o they_o still_o continue_v to_o do_v moscoviae_n pars_fw-la australis_n isaaco_n massa_n the_o several_a province_n of_o russia_n the_o first_o province_n of_o russia_n towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v obdoria_n situate_v betwixt_o ob_fw-la and_o pechora_n or_o petzora_n rivers_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o large_a country_n but_o thin_o inhabit_v which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o map_n call_v samoiedia_n more_o frequent_o than_o obdoria_n as_o if_o it_o be_v only_o the_o country_n of_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr concern_v the_o great_a river_n ob_fw-la or_o oby_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o certainty_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o any_o of_o 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disembogue_n into_o the_o sea_n beyond_o the_o strait_n of_o waygat_n that_o the_o mouth_n be_v eighty_o verst_n or_o italian_a mile_n broad_a yet_o many_o shallows_o and_o flat_n in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o fish_n the_o samoieds_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o a_o english_a ship_n do_v many_o year_n ago_o arrive_v there_o but_o be_v there_o wrack_v the_o man_n be_v all_o kill_v by_o the_o samoieds_fw-fr betwixt_o oby_n and_o petzora_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o very_a large_a country_n like_o a_o promontory_n run_v very_o far_o into_o the_o north_n or_o freeze_a ocean_n in_o which_o as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o province_n of_o obdora_n and_o condora_n how_o separate_v we_o know_v not_o nor_o any_o thing_n else_o of_o they_o more_o than_o that_o they_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n in_o 1618._o and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n before_o ivan_n vasilowich_n from_o medemskoy_n zavorot_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pechora_n to_o 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mezen_n by_o land_n they_o live_v common_o upon_o fresh_a fish_n boil_v and_o dry_v hither_o use_v to_o come_v every_o year_n two_o thousand_o samoieds_n with_o their_o commodity_n the_o pechora_n run_v through_o great_a permia_n and_o the_o head_n of_o it_o be_v five_o week_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n divers_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o it_o as_o shapkina_n nougorotka_n habeaga_n and_o ouse_n of_o which_o beside_o the_o name_n we_o know_v nothing_o east_n of_o the_o pechora_n lie_v the_o promontory_n of_o borandey_n scarce_o mention_v in_o any_o author_n the_o chief_a town_n whereof_o be_v vetzora_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v original_o samoieds_n but_o somewhat_o civilise_v by_o the_o muscovite_n three_o day_n journey_n above_o pustozera_n lie_v upon_o the_o same_o river_n oustzilma_a a_o town_n of_o about_o threescore_o house_n in_o 66_o deg_fw-la and_o 30_o min._n where_o they_o have_v ry_z and_o barley_n grow_v very_o good_a and_o where_o be_v a_o very_a good_a trade_n for_o 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pass_v through_o the_o plain_n of_o tartary_n enter_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o country_n be_v then_o also_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o almost_o desert_a till_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o muscovite_n together_o with_o the_o other_o samoieds_fw-fr the_o country_n be_v so_o call_v from_o sibier_n or_o sibior_fw-la the_o first_o build_v city_n among_o they_o though_o tobolsca_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n to_o which_o the_o teseek_n boughars_n and_o tartar_n bring_v very_o rich_a commodity_n from_o persia_n of_o all_o sort_n papinougorod_n also_o be_v a_o good_a trade_n town_n so_o call_v from_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o papini_n among_o who_o it_o be_v build_v who_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o samoieds_n and_o have_v a_o peculiar_a language_n but_o siberia_n be_v now_o for_o nothing_o more_o famous_a then_o that_o it_o be_v the_o place_n of_o banishment_n for_o such_o either_o offender_n as_o
shoulder_n a_o tuft_n of_o hair_n much_o like_a unto_o feather_n with_o a_o broad_a tail_n with_o which_o they_o aid_v themselves_o so_o much_o in_o their_o leap_v that_o they_o seem_v to_o fly_v the_o fur_n of_o these_o be_v the_o great_a riches_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o great_a traffic_n since_o they_o sell_v to_o stranger_n beside_o what_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n for_o tribute_n for_o a_o million_o of_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n the_o chief_a be_v black_a fox_n sable_n beavor_n white_a bear_n ermine_n or_o gurnstal_v and_o squirrel_n wolverin_n also_o and_o white_a fox_n be_v much_o esteem_v as_o also_o that_o of_o a_o water-rat_n which_o smell_v like_o musk._n there_o be_v so_o great_a abundance_n of_o fowl_n and_o bird_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o catch_v the_o small_a sort_n as_o thrush_n fieldfare_n and_o the_o like_a bird_n of_o prey_n here_o be_v very_o excellent_a of_o divers_a sort_n gerfalcon_n be_v account_v the_o best_a and_o divers_a of_o they_o white_a which_o be_v for_o their_o rarity_n of_o great_a price_n and_o present_v for_o prince_n of_o their_o fish_n we_o shall_v speak_v when_o come_v to_o their_o lake_n the_o other_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v mine_n and_o of_o these_o we_o have_v but_o a_o very_a slender_a account_n it_o be_v report_v that_o not_o long_o ago_o there_o have_v be_v discover_v near_o tula_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o tartary_n a_o silver_n i_o which_o be_v wrought_v by_o german_a workman_n send_v thither_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o this_o mine_n in_o a_o delightful_a valley_n between_o two_o high_a mountain_n be_v a_o ironwork_n upon_o a_o small_a but_o convenient_a river_n this_o be_v and_o i_o believe_v still_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o commissary_n from_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o furnish_v into_o the_o grand_a duke_n arsenal_n yearly_a a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o bar_n of_o iron_n of_o canon_n and_o fifty_o thousand_o pood_n or_o twenty_o thousand_o quintal_n of_o ball_n by_o a_o contract_n make_v with_o the_o emperor_n peter_n marcelis_n the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o this_o work_n grow_v to_o be_v very_o considerable_a at_o the_o court_n and_o obtain_v the_o privilege_n to_o trade_v alone_o in_o iron_n corn_n and_o fish-oyl_n as_o also_o to_o make_v gold_n and_o silver-wire_n which_o be_v a_o very_a great_a profit_n consider_v the_o great_a use_n of_o embroidery_n in_o muscovy_n there_o be_v in_o several_a other_o place_n especial_o towards_o the_o north-west_n part_n iron-mine_n also_o but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o this_o last_o mention_v however_o in_o all_o of_o they_o the_o iron_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v brittle_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o serviceable_a for_o many_o use_n to_o which_o they_o understand_v very_o well_o how_o to_o apply_v it_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n which_o draw_v merchant_n thither_o be_v 1._o their_o fur_n 2._o wax_v whereof_o they_o have_v ship_v in_o one_o year_n heretofore_o fifty_o thousand_o pood_n every_o pood_n be_v forty_o pound_n but_o now_o not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o pood_n 3._o honey_n whereof_o they_o spend_v great_a quantity_n in_o their_o own_o country_n in_o their_o drink_n yet_o be_v much_o also_o transport_v 4._o tallow_n heretofore_o much_o more_o now_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o pood_n yearly_o send_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o it_o be_v because_o the_o great_a man_n general_o burn_v wax-light_n the_o ordinary_a people_n sliver_v of_o fir_n or_o birch_n dip_v in_o fish-oyl_n 5._o hide_v of_o losh_n lozzi_n and_o buff_n of_o which_o be_v buy_v by_o foreign_a merchant_n about_o thirty_o thousand_o per_fw-la ann_n beside_o goat_n and_o other_o skin_n 6._o train-oyl_n of_o seal_n 7._o caviar_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v make_v at_o astracan_a of_o the_o roe_n of_o sturgeon_n and_o belluga_n this_o be_v a_o large_a fish_n twelve_o or_o fifteen_o foot_n long_o without_o scale_n else_o not_o unlike_o a_o sturgeon_n of_o these_o fish_n they_o take_v great_a quantity_n for_o the_o roe_n which_o they_o salt_n and_o press_v and_o put_v up_o into_o cask_n that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o sturgeon_n be_v black_a small_a grain_v and_o waxy_n that_o of_o the_o belluga_n be_v darkish_a gray_a and_o the_o grain_n as_o large_a as_o a_o pepper-corn_n in_o one_o fish_n they_o find_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o or_o two_o hundred_o weight_n of_o spawn_n this_o fish_n be_v say_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n and_o to_o swallow_v many_o large_a pebble_n of_o a_o incredible_a weight_n to_o ballast_n he_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o river_n increase_v by_o the_o melt_a snow_n and_o when_o the_o water_n be_v assuage_v he_o disgorge_v himself_o this_o spawn_n they_o cleanse_v from_o its_o string_n salt_n it_o drain_v away_o the_o oily_a part_n by_o lay_v it_o on_o shelve_v board_n than_o put_v it_o into_o cask_n and_o press_v it_o till_o it_o become_v hard_a isinglass_n ichthyocolla_n be_v make_v of_o the_o sound_n of_o this_o fish_n this_o trade_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o 8._o hemp_n and_o flax_n which_o be_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o the_o french_a who_o carry_v thither_o brandy_n and_o bring_v back_o hemp_n and_o flax_n which_o they_o work_v up_o in_o normandy_n 9_o salt_n likewise_o be_v a_o great_a profit_n to_o they_o 10._o so_o be_v tar_n also_o many_o other_o commodity_n of_o lesser_a value_n and_o quantity_n be_v hence_o carry_v away_o as_o morsses-teeth_n into_o turkey_n and_o persia_n slude_v it_o be_v a_o soft_a rock_n in_o corellia_n which_o they_o cut_v out_o into_o lump_n and_o afterward_o tear_v it_o into_o small_a piece_n we_o call_v it_o muscovy-glass_n it_o be_v the_o lapis_fw-la specularis_fw-la and_o be_v use_v for_o lantern_n window_n etc._n etc._n salt-peter_n pot-ash_n corn_n isinglass_n and_o iron_n be_v likewise_o hence_o transport_v they_o have_v also_o divers_a manufacture_n as_o utensil_n of_o wood_n clothes_n saddle_n and_o harness_n for_o horse_n arm_n and_o the_o like_a which_o they_o vend_fw-mi to_o several_a neighbour_a country_n which_o want_v such_o conveniency_n to_o which_o the_o ignorance_n and_o unskilfulfulness_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o lazy_a slothfulness_n of_o the_o gentlemanlike_a polander_n give_v they_o no_o small_a opportunity_n of_o the_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o russes_z thus_o much_o of_o the_o soil_n their_o forest_n and_o their_o commodity_n concern_v their_o lake_n we_o shall_v discourse_v when_o we_o come_v to_o their_o river_n it_o follow_v we_o shall_v next_o treat_v of_o their_o government_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n which_o depend_v upon_o it_o the_o chief_a axiom_n in_o their_o politic_n be_v 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o above_o all_o thing_n they_o shall_v agree_v one_o with_o another_o and_o join_v together_o against_o all_o the_o world_n for_o the_o empire_n be_v very_o large_a and_o expose_v on_o three_o side_n to_o very_o dangerous_a enemy_n tartar_n turk_n polonian_n and_o swede_n their_o country_n also_o not_o be_v well_o people_v the_o fortify_v place_n at_o great_a distance_n they_o have_v no_o security_n but_o a_o strict_a union_n among_o themselves_o which_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o concentre_v in_o absolute_a monarchy_n as_o the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o interest_n or_o rather_o but_o one_o interest_n in_o the_o whole_a the_o prince_n therefore_o for_o his_o part_n comply_v with_o they_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v marry_v rare_o with_o any_o stranger_n suffer_v not_o stranger_n to_o advance_v to_o any_o considerable_a honour_n fill_v all_o the_o place_n of_o trust_n profit_n and_o honour_n with_o his_o russes_z the_o great_a preferment_n a_o foreigner_n can_v expect_v be_v to_o be_v colonel_n of_o a_o regiment_n or_o to_o command_v a_o fort_n or_o army_n and_o this_o but_o seldom_o and_o for_o one_o expedition_n only_o he_o labour_v to_o breed_v in_o his_o people_n a_o admiration_n of_o themselves_o and_o that_o their_o own_o custom_n law_n and_o manner_n be_v better_a and_o more_o rational_a then_o in_o any_o other_o country_n whatsoever_o wherefore_o he_o hinder_v his_o people_n from_o travel_v abroad_o though_o for_o merchandise_n from_o converse_v with_o stranger_n even_a ambassador_n and_o from_o entertain_v any_o foreigner_n except_o for_o trade_n neither_o will_v he_o suffer_v they_o to_o build_v any_o large_a ship_n to_o transport_v merchandise_n in_o quantity_n to_o other_o country_n but_o they_o want_v not_o small_a vessel_n for_o fish_v or_o carry_v good_n from_o one_o of_o their_o own_o port_n to_o another_o nor_o be_v he_o willing_a that_o any_o foreigner_n who_o have_v live_v long_o in_o russia_n shall_v leave_v they_o and_o return_v to_o his_o own_o nation_n nor_o
their_o river_n take_v their_o original_n from_o lake_n or_o else_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v perpetual_a 2._o that_o the_o river_n of_o muscovy_n be_v except_o where_o they_o be_v straighten_a by_o mountain_n which_o be_v not_o very_o frequent_a for_o the_o most_o part_n broad_a and_o shallow_a full_a of_o island_n flat_n and_o deep_a hole_n because_o all_o their_o river_n in_o a_o manner_n chief_o consist_v of_o melt_a snow_n and_o when_o the_o snow_n dissolve_v it_o cause_v great_a flood_n and_o violent_a deluge_n but_o withal_o carry_v so_o much_o sludge_v that_o it_o fill_v up_o stream_n which_o remain_v so_o till_o a_o new_a deluge_n cleanse_v that_o place_n and_o fill_v up_o another_o so_o that_o the_o channel_n be_v very_o uncertain_a and_o now_o be_v depth_n which_o be_v shallows_o before_o 3._o that_o they_o be_v not_o very_o full_a of_o fish_n and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o lake_n and_o deep_a hole_n which_o be_v not_o freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n there_o will_v be_v no_o freshwater_n fish_n at_o all_o for_o fish_n can_v live_v in_o ice_n therefore_o they_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o carp_n at_o all_o nor_o much_o other_o fish_n except_o what_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o spawn_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o river_n be_v thaw_v such_o be_v salmon_n belluga_n cod_n haddock_n omely_n and_o the_o like_a and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v great_a store_n because_o store_n of_o feed_v some_o lake_n also_o be_v well_o store_v because_o not_o freeze_v to_o the_o bottom_n 4._o that_o there_o be_v no_o map_n extant_a except_o of_o wolga_n dwina_n and_o dnieper_n because_o the_o course_n of_o the_o other_o be_v not_o so_o well_o discover_v one_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o this_o country_n be_v ivanosera_n i._n e._n johns-lake_n osera_n signify_v a_o lake_n in_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o epiphanow_n call_v also_o jepiphanoulies_n and_o okonitzkily_n in_o the_o province_n of_o resan_n eight_o league_n from_o tula_n this_o lake_n be_v near_o five_o hundred_o verst_n or_o italian_a mile_n long_o and_o in_o the_o say_a forest_n arise_v also_o the_o river_n schaet_fw-la and_o don_n or_o tanais_n the_o schaet_fw-la run_v eastward_o receive_v the_o river_n vppa_n or_o oppa_n and_o empti_v itself_o into_o the_o occa._n but_o tanais_n tana_n and_o don_n come_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n at_o the_o town_n donco_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o marsh_n of_o meotis_n or_o sea_n of_o zabaque_n from_o the_o spring_n to_o its_o end_n be_v direct_o about_o eighty_o league_n but_o by_o water_n it_o be_v twenty_o day_n journey_n donet_n sewersky_n fall_v into_o tanais_n three_o day_n journey_n above_o azoph_n bieleiosora_n sixteen_o league_n long_o twelve_o broad_a scarce_o of_o fish_n receive_v thirty-six_a small_a river_n and_o send_v out_o only_o the_o schotsma_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o volga_n four_o league_n below_o mologa_n ilmin_n ilmen_fw-mi ilmer_n limido_n be_v twelve_o league_n long_o and_o as_o many_o broad_a and_o end_n about_o two_o mile_n above_o weliki_n novogrod_n it_o receive_v the_o river_n of_o lowat_n arise_v in_o the_o forest_n of_o wolkowsky_n from_o a_o lake_n call_v fornow_n and_o scholona_n and_o pass_v away_o by_o the_o wolkowa_n which_o after_o run_v thirty-six_a league_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n or_o laduga_n ladoga_n about_o a_o hundred_o league_n long_o and_o sixty_o broad_a be_v full_a of_o isle_n and_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o neva_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n it_o be_v store_v with_o fish_n and_o have_v many_o town_n and_o village_n upon_o its_o bank_n from_o the_o same_o lake_n of_o fornow_n arise_v also_o the_o wolga_n of_o which_o by_o and_o by_o in_o the_o same_o forest_n also_o about_o ten_o league_n from_o fornow_n arise_v boristhenes_n near_o the_o town_n of_o dnieperche_n and_o therefore_o call_v dnieper_n and_o ten_o league_n from_o the_o dnieper_n also_o the_o dwina_n or_o duna_n by_o some_o imagine_v to_o be_v rubus_fw-la by_o other_o turuntus_n of_o ptolemy_n take_v its_o original_n from_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n it_o pass_v by_o vitepsko_n polotsko_fw-mi dunenburg_n etc._n etc._n to_o riga_n in_o livonia_n and_o end_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o baltic_a call_v the_o east-sea_n and_o by_o the_o russes_z waretzcoie-morie_a beside_o this_o there_o be_v another_o dwina_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o province_n of_o that_o name_n weza_n begin_v in_o a_o marsh_n between_o bieleiosora_n and_o the_o volga_n pass_v by_o suetzogorod_n and_o so_o into_o the_o dwina_n mosqui_n or_o mosqua_n spring_v near_o to_o it_o be_v thence_o six_o league_n below_o moscow_n it_o enter_v into_o occa_fw-la after_o it_o have_v receive_v the_o jagusa_n or_o jausa_fw-la weglin_n have_v its_o spring_n a_o little_a above_o moskow_n and_o join_v with_o occa._n vgra_fw-mi arise_v near_o drohobus_fw-la pass_v through_o a_o great_a desert_n between_o worotin_n and_o coluga_n thence_o fall_v into_o occa._n this_o be_v sometime_o the_o boundary_a betwixt_o russia_n and_o lithvania_n occa_fw-la come_v out_o of_o a_o great_a lake_n in_o the_o province_n of_o rezan_n pass_v by_o many_o great_a town_n near_o nisi-novogrod_a from_o the_o same_o lake_n flow_v sem_fw-mi and_o schosna_n both_o fall_n into_o the_o dnieper_n narva_n be_v navigable_a from_o the_o lake_n czutzho_n or_o czudin_n call_v in_o latin_a picis_fw-la or_o polas_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dutch_a peifve_n tractus_n borysthenis_n vulgo_fw-la dniepr_fw-la et_fw-la niepr_fw-la dicti_fw-la à _fw-la kiovia_n ad_fw-la urbum_fw-la oczakow_n ubi_fw-la in_o pontum_fw-la euxinum_n se_fw-la exonerat_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la wolgae_n fluminis_fw-la olim_fw-la rha_n dicti_fw-la delineatio_fw-la auctore_fw-la adamo_n oleario_n illustrissimo_fw-la domino_fw-la d._n no_o benedicto_n bag_n de_fw-fr berga_n sueco_n haec_fw-la geographica_n fluminis_fw-la wolgae_n descriptio_fw-la humillimè_fw-la offertur_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergias_a et_fw-la mosim_fw-la pitt_n ivan_n vasilowitz_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o begin_v his_o reign_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o casan_n which_o have_v batter_v in_o vain_a for_o two_o month_n together_o at_o last_o he_o begin_v to_o my_o the_o wall_n the_o mine_n take_v their_o effect_n blow_v up_o the_o work_n slay_v great_a number_n of_o tartar_n and_o give_v the_o opportunity_n of_o a_o assault_n which_o july_n 9_o 1552._o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o vigour_n that_o the_o castle_n be_v take_v and_o be_v well_o repair_v by_o the_o muscovite_n be_v still_o keep_v by_o they_o sixty_o verst_n below_o casan_n fall_v the_o great_a river_n cama_fw-la into_o the_o volga_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n by_o several_a mouth_n some_o thirty_o verst_n distant_a from_o other_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v blackish_a and_o rise_v out_o of_o permia_n upon_o this_o river_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v if_o it_o be_v at_o all_o the_o great_a forest_n step_n which_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o verst_n long_o wherein_o you_o may_v ride_v a_o day_n journey_n among_o cherry-tree_n yet_o not_o above_o two_o foot_n high_a be_v so_o frequent_o burn_v down_o by_o traveller_n who_o careless_a of_o their_o fire_n at_o night_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o dry_a grass_n and_o burn_v down_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o furlong_n at_o a_o time_n they_o say_v also_o that_o here_o grow_v spontaneous_o tulip_n rose_n asparagus_n onion_n marjoram_n and_o what_o not_o which_o i_o impose_v not_o upon_o any_o man_n faith_n because_o i_o find_v somewhat_o like_o this_o but_o more_o probable_o mention_v in_o the_o vkrain_n thirty_o verst_n lower_v zerdick_n another_o branch_n of_o cama_fw-la enter_v the_o volga_n over_o against_o which_o on_o the_o right-hand_a bank_n be_v the_o city_n of_o tetus_n a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o verst_n from_o casan_n twentyfive_a verst_n below_o tetus_n but_o on_o the_o left_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v the_o river_n vtka_n which_o rise_v near_o the_o city_n bulgara_n below_o that_o be_v the_o island_n staritza_n in_o 54_o deg_fw-la 31_o min._n where_o they_o find_v pyrite_n of_o several_a colour_n so_o round_o and_o oval_a that_o they_o very_o well_o serve_v for_o shot_n sixty-five_a verst_n below_o tetus_n be_v vneroskora_n a_o ruin_a city_n of_o the_o tartar_n hereabout_o be_v very_o good_a fish_n by_o a_o particular_a invention_n of_o the_o russes_z they_o bait_v a_o hook_n and_o fasten_v it_o to_o a_o strong_a line_n which_o they_o tie_v about_o a_o little_a board_n of_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n cover_v over_o with_o tin_n and_o drag_v it_o after_o the_o boat_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n continual_o turn_v up_o the_o bright_a tin_n towards_o the_o sun_n entice_v the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n who_o be_v thereby_o easy_o catch_v upon_o and_o near_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a city_n which_o the_o people_n say_v be_v destroy_v by_o tamerlain_n the_o name_n of_o some_o of_o
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
withal_o when_o her_o young_a one_o be_v fledge_v and_o go_v the_o inhabitant_n take_v away_o the_o down_o and_o cleanse_v it_o for_o use_n if_o the_o feather_n be_v pull_v off_o by_o man_n hand_n they_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o immediate_o rot_v away_o another_o notable_a sort_n of_o bird_n they_o have_v which_o they_o call_v a_o imbrim_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o beak_n the_o back_o grey_a and_o chequered_a with_o white_a spot_n with_o a_o white_a ring_n about_o the_o neck_n this_o bird_n have_v two_o hole_n under_o her_o wing_n each_o large_a enough_o to_o hold_v a_o egg_n here_o it_o be_v think_v she_o hatch_v two_o egg_n at_o once_o be_v never_o see_v with_o above_o two_o young_a one_o at_o a_o time_n nor_o know_v to_o come_v ashore_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o cod_n whiteing_n large_a flounder_n etc._n etc._n beside_o murt_n a_o kind_n of_o pilchard_n so_o plentiful_a in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o havens_n and_o creek_n be_v fill_v with_o they_o of_o these_o with_o the_o seal_n grind-whale_n and_o dogfish_n which_o be_v former_o catch_v in_o great_a number_n upon_o their_o coast_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o fero-island_n make_v ancient_o a_o vast_a advantage_n but_o of_o late_a year_n their_o fishing-trade_n be_v strange_o decay_v these_o island_n be_v first_o inhabit_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o harold_n surname_v the_o fair-haired_a king_n of_o norway_n in_o the_o year_n 868._o for_o that_o king_n have_v take_v a_o resolution_n to_o reduce_v all_o norway_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o one_o prince_n fall_v foul_a upon_o all_o the_o petit_fw-fr prince_n in_o that_o kingdom_n who_o subject_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n either_o undo_v by_o the_o war_n or_o dispossess_v of_o their_o inheritance_n resolve_v to_o seek_v out_o other_o habitation_n and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o grimar_n camban_n a_o pirate_n at_o last_o seat_v themselves_o in_o these_o island_n regni_fw-la norvegiae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la f._n lamb_n sculp_v to_o the_o worp_n will_v mark_n cottle_n esq_n registe_n r_o of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v episcopatus_fw-la bergensis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a et_fw-la mosis_fw-la pitt_n nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la tabula_fw-la episcopatwm_fw-la stavangriensis_n bergensis_fw-la et_fw-la asloiensis_fw-la vicinarumque_fw-la aliquot_fw-la territoriorum_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergii_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n their_o diet_n be_v moderate_a and_o frugal_a on_o milk_n fish_n gruel_n and_o flesh_n they_o dry_v both_o their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n in_o the_o wind_n without_o salt_n have_v windhouse_n build_v for_o this_o purpose_n after_o the_o flesh_n be_v dry_v they_o boil_v it_o in_o water_n and_o thicken_v the_o broth_n with_o barly-meal_n which_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o their_o great_a delicacy_n the_o man_n wear_v woollen_a shirt_n flannel_n trowce_n and_o waistcoat_n with_o short_a loose_a coat_n of_o the_o same_o the_o woman_n rich_a and_o poor_a go_v all_o alike_o in_o strait_a gown_n without_o skirt_n their_o stomacher_n be_v common_o large_a and_o adorn_v with_o thin_a guilt_n jingle_v plate_n of_o tin_n their_o shoe_n which_o have_v no_o sole_n but_o be_v make_v of_o piece_n of_o leather_n draw_v together_o at_o the_o heel_n and_o toe_n and_o fasten_v with_o a_o string_n or_o ribbon_n above_o the_o ankle_n be_v of_o sheepskin_n for_o the_o woman_n and_o tan_a neats-leather_n for_o the_o man_n they_o lie_v on_o bed_n of_o hay_n overspread_v with_o piece_n of_o flannel_n the_o norwegian_a tongue_n be_v heretofore_o general_o speak_v in_o the_o fero-island_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o danish_a dialect_n have_v much_o prevail_v however_o in_o the_o northern_a island_n their_o language_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n make_v up_o of_o norwegian_a word_n and_o phrase_n though_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n make_v use_v of_o a_o quite_o 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navigatio_fw-la est_fw-la however_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o latitude_n of_o schetland_n will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o exceed_v sixty_o degree_n and_o a_o few_o odd_a
be_v but_o small_a one_o and_o come_v far_o short_a of_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o danow_n the_o most_o terrible_a and_o dangerous_a one_o among_o the_o nine_o be_v a_o little_a below_o the_o city_n of_o schafhuysen_n in_o switzerland_n where_o the_o whole_a river_n fall_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o rock_n seventy-five_o foot_n high_a surius_n carthusianus_n say_v fifty_o cubit_n the_o other_o great_a cataract_n be_v near_o lauffenburg_n in_o switzerland_n which_o town_n have_v its_o name_n from_o lauffen_fw-ge in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o cataract_n or_o water-fall_a and_o burg_n a_o castle_n this_o be_v not_o so_o dangerous_a as_o that_o at_o schafhuysen_n for_o sometime_o the_o waterman_n venture_v their_o vessel_n to_o slide_v down_o this_o precipice_n by_o rope_n which_o be_v utter_o impossible_a at_o the_o former_a there_o be_v no_o small_a dispute_n among_o ancient_a and_o modern_a geographer_n about_o the_o several_a mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n former_o there_o be_v two_o know_v channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o every_o body_n can_v tell_v where_o each_o of_o they_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o great_a river_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o stream_n at_o schenckenschantz_n that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o rhine_n pass_v by_o arnhem_n rhine_n vtrecht_n and_o leyden_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o catwic_n whilst_o the_o other_o branch_n pass_v by_o nimeghen_fw-mi under_o the_o borrow_a name_n of_o the_o wahle_n join_v itself_o with_o the_o maes_n be_v in_o the_o same_o channel_n convey_v into_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 860_o or_o as_o some_o reckon_v 1170_o among_o many_o other_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o hollander_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a springtide_n the_o commodious_a haven_n at_o catwic_n be_v quite_o stop_v up_o with_o sand_n and_o the_o current_n of_o the_o rhine_n obstruct_v this_o river_n still_o run_v but_o with_o a_o very_a slow_a pace_n towards_o 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this_o river_n and_o the_o number_n of_o eleven_o now_o all_o geographer_n agree_v that_o the_o elb_n spring_v from_o eleven_o current_n but_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o the_o bohemian_o name_v this_o river_n labe_fw-la i_o be_o apt_a to_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o etymology_n though_o i_o can_v assign_v a_o better_a for_o to_o fetch_v the_o word_n ab_fw-la albis_fw-la rupibus_fw-la as_o some_o do_v be_v vain_a and_o impertinent_a tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o elb_n spring_v in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o hermunduri_n a_o schwabish_a people_n but_o the_o learned_a historian_n mistake_v his_o mark_n and_o shall_v have_v write_v aegra_fw-la instead_o of_o albis_n ptolemy_n blunder_n be_v as_o great_a as_o this_o when_o he_o name_v moldau_n which_o run_v through_o prague_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n wltawa_n the_o elb._n dubraw_n give_v the_o true_a account_n of_o the_o source_n of_o this_o river_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n near_o hirschberg_n in_o silesia_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o bohemia_n these_o mountain_n be_v by_o latin_a writer_n call_v riphaei_n gygantarii_n and_o niviferi_fw-la montes_fw-la and_o by_o the_o bohemian_o and_o german_n die_v risengeburge_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o strange_a and_o monstrous_a apparition_n which_o be_v see_v here_o by_o the_o rustic_n as_o themselves_o report_n the_o name_n of_o the_o eleven_o fountain_n out_o of_o which_o it_o spring_v or_o rather_o small_a stream_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compose_v be_v 1._o krumb-seyffen_a 2._o gross-seyffen_a 3._o nose_n 4._o granitz_n 5._o sperber-seyffen_a 6._o haubritz_n 7._o hinnerlein_fw-fr 8._o ganss_n 9_o new-wass_a 10._o heydelbach_n 11._o kalch-wass_a the_o first_o course_n it_o steer_v be_v southwards_o in_o which_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o city_n of_o dwur_n jaromitz_n and_o kralowy-hradetz_a or_o the_o queen_n be_v hradetz_n at_o which_o last_o place_n it_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o admission_n of_o warlitz_n and_o orlitz_n then_o large_a stream_n flow_v from_o the_o confine_n of_o bohemia_n and_o moravia_n into_o its_o channel_n at_o melnick_n it_o meet_v with_o the_o moldau_n and_o soon_o after_o with_o the_o aegra_fw-la afterward_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o city_n of_o dresden_n mizzen_n torgow_n wittenburg_n magdeburg_n and_o lawenburg_n and_o at_o hamburg_n bear_v merchant-ship_n of_o almost_o as_o large_a a_o bulk_n as_o any_o traffic_n on_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o the_o vast_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o navigable_a river_n in_o europe_n the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n be_v eighteen_o german_n or_o seventy-two_a english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o you_o shall_v ordinary_o meet_v with_o vessel_n of_o three_o hundred_o tun_n ride_v in_o this_o harbour_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o city_n it_o divide_v itself_o into_o a_o great_a many_o branch_n which_o encircle_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a island_n last_o a_o little_a below_o gluckstadt_n it_o branch_n into_o two_o arm_n whereof_o one_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o die_n zuyder_n elb_n the_o other_o die_v noorder_n elb_n which_o empty_a into_o the_o british_a ocean_n german_n river_n of_o less_o note_n be_v 1._o the_o other_o which_o spring_v in_o moravia_n and_o after_o a_o current_n of_o about_o 300_o english_a mile_n through_o some_o part_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o pomeren_n fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 2._o visurgis_n or_o the_o weser_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o thuringia_n run_v through_o hessen_n and_o westphalia_n down_o to_o bremen_n not_o far_o from_o which_o it_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o british_a ocean_n but_o these_o and_o some_o few_o more_o of_o the_o like_a bigness_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o description_n in_o this_o place_n but_o may_v well_o be_v reserve_v till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o particular_a province_n whither_o also_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o forest_n mountain_n mine_n bath_n mineral-water_n city_n university_n money_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n peculiar_a to_o any_o of_o the_o principality_n for_o germany_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o vast_a collection_n of_o several_a different_a nation_n and_o not_o as_o one_o petit_fw-la kingdom_n which_o may_v easy_o admit_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o general_a description_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o germany_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o different_a name_n of_o celts_n dutch_n german_n and_o almain_n albis_n fluvius_n germaniae_fw-la celebris_fw-la a_fw-la fontibus_fw-la ad_fw-la ostia_n cum_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la ab_fw-la utroque_fw-la latere_fw-la in_fw-la illum_fw-la fluentibus_fw-la descriptus_fw-la jo_n vanden_fw-mi avele_n inventor_n et_fw-la feecit_fw-la nobilis_fw-la fluvius_n albis_n maximà _fw-la curà _fw-la ex_fw-la variis_fw-la famosisque_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la collectus_fw-la et_fw-la in_o lucem_fw-la editus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a emporium_n hamburgum_n 1_o s._n gertraut_v 2._o s._n jacob_n 3_o der_fw-mi blaven_n toren_fw-mi 4._o det_fw-la tochthuys_n 5._o wenser_fw-fr toren_n 6._o s._n peter_n 7._o dome_n 8._o s._n johannis_n 9_o s._n catharina_n 10._o de_fw-fr borse_n 11._o it_o rathus_n 12._o maria_n magdalena_n 13._o s._n nicolai_n 14._o h._n geist_n 15._o melder_n dor_n 16._o den_n bollen_a stal_z 17._o s._n michael_n 18._o anschar_n kirche_n unt_fw-la weisen_n haus_fw-la that_o celta_n be_v a_o general_a name_n for_o any_o northern_a or_o western_a european_a among_o the_o aricient_a greek_a and_o latin_a writer_n celts_n celts_n be_v well_o know_v but_o whence_o the_o word_n spring_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v cluverius_n as_o be_v even_o now_o say_v report_v that_o ascenas_n call_v his_o follower_n first_o celts_n from_o one_o of_o his_o own_o surname_n but_o what_o that_o be_v neither_o he_o nor_o any_o other_o historian_n i_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o can_v inform_v i_o
of_o ocean_n near_o damgarten_n and_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a at_o dars_n 2._o the_o bar_n which_o spring_v near_o stralsund_v spread_v into_o the_o sea_n at_o bardt_n a_o city_n borrow_v its_o name_n from_o this_o river_n and_o soon_o after_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o baltic_a 3._o the_o famous_a other_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v pass_v gartz_n and_o grieffenhagen_n and_o be_v come_v into_o pomeren_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n or_o arm_n embrace_v therein_o many_o large_a and_o fair_a meadow_n whereof_o some_o be_v above_o two_o english_a mile_n in_o breadth_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v by_o stetin_n it_o dilate_v itself_o first_o into_o the_o dammish_a sea_n or_o lake_n then_o into_o the_o damantzke_n and_o pfaffenwasser_n as_o the_o native_n call_v it_o and_o at_o last_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o zegenorth_n and_o schwantevitz_n spread_v itself_o into_o a_o vast_a freshwater_n ocean_n know_v to_o the_o neighbourhood_n by_o the_o name_n of_o 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game_n as_o deer_n wild_a boar_n hare_n fox_n wolf_n wild_a horse_n bull_n and_o bevers_n beside_o the_o lake_n and_o forest_n furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o water_n and_o land-fowl_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o they_o pretend_v to_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o twentytwo_a different_a kind_n of_o wild_a duck_n beside_o the_o conveniency_n and_o pleasure_n already_o mention_v commodity_n commodity_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v provide_v for_o almost_o with_o all_o other_o necessary_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o their_o own_o territory_n that_o nature_n require_v and_o the_o ship_n of_o stetin_n stralsund_n and_o other_o town_n of_o trade_n bring_v in_o the_o delicacy_n of_o foreign_a nation_n to_o satisfy_v the_o demand_n of_o luxury_n no_o province_n in_o germany_n afford_v great_a quanties_n nor_o more_o different_a sort_n of_o fruit_n than_o pomeren_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n do_v not_o at_o all_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o plant_n of_o vineyard_n beer_n beer_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v their_o wine_n will_v prove_v but_o very_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a such_o as_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n afford_v of_o which_o hereafter_o however_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o supply_v by_o those_o vast_a number_n of_o merchant-ship_n which_o come_v hither_o lade_v with_o the_o wine_n of_o other_o country_n beside_o shall_v the_o inhabitant_n which_o can_v now_o hardly_o be_v hope_v for_o grow_v so_o temperate_a as_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o import_v the_o luxurious_a liquor_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o drink_v of_o their_o own_o land_n they_o will_v quick_o experience_n as_o many_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v do_v the_o delicacy_n of_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o beer_n in_o pomeren_n such_o be_v the_o bitter_a beer_n of_o stetin_n the_o mum_o of_o gripswald_n the_o buckhenger_n as_o they_o term_v it_o we_o may_v english_a it_o knock-down_a of_o wollin_n with_o many_o other_o which_o be_v by_o the_o mariner_n transport_v into_o other_o nation_n and_o therefore_o look_v upon_o as_o questionless_a they_o be_v preferable_a to_o most_o wine_n they_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o metal_n in_o any_o of_o their_o mountain_n mineral_n mineral_n except_o only_o some_o few_o mine_n of_o iron_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n in_o some_o place_n the_o sea_n cast_v up_o amber_n but_o not_o in_o such_o quantity_n as_o in_o prussia_n so_o that_o here_o any_o man_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o pick_v up_o and_o sell_v as_o much_o amber_n as_o he_o can_v find_v which_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n in_o preussen_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v nova_fw-la illustrissimi_fw-la ducatus_n pomeraniae_fw-la tabula_fw-la antea_fw-la à _fw-la viro_fw-la cl._n d._n d._n eilhardo_n lubino_n edita_fw-la nunc_fw-la iterum_fw-la correcta_fw-la per_fw-la frid._n palbitzke_n pomer_n l._n l._n studiosum_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la janssonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a bugislaus_n junior_a fourteen_o pomeraniae_fw-la dux_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la urbes_fw-la urbes_fw-la cum_fw-la arcibus_fw-la ducalibus_fw-la pagiâ—_n though_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n the_o rugii_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d reudigni_n longididuni_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v for_o many_o century_n govern_v by_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o yet_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a as_o to_o any_o satisfactory_a register_n of_o their_o name_n and_o action_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o pomeren_n who_o we_o meet_v with_o upon_o good_a record_n be_v barnimus_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a and_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o gryphones_n often_o mention_v in_o their_o annal_n and_o so_o call_v probable_o from_o the_o gryphin_n their_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v govern_v in_o the_o year_n 933._o his_o grandson_n suantiberus_n divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n bugislaus_fw-la and_o
brunsberg_n which_o draw_v together_o some_o considerable_a number_n of_o people_n oblige_v he_o soon_o after_o to_o wall_n the_o place_n round_o and_o turn_v it_o into_o a_o city_n 6._o ewanczitz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n iglaw_n and_o oslaw_n both_o which_o here_o lose_v their_o name_n and_o be_v afterward_o call_v schwartza_n this_o city_n be_v once_o notorious_a for_o harbour_v more_o different_a sect_n in_o religion_n then_o almost_o any_o other_o town_n in_o europe_n the_o parish_n church_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o two_o prevail_a party_n of_o hussites_n and_o lutheran_n both_o of_o which_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o inconsistent_a form_n of_o divine_a worship_n at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o of_o their_o street_n be_v whole_o inhabit_v by_o jew_n who_o have_v erect_v in_o it_o a_o synagogue_n and_o school_n for_o themselves_o and_o child_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n the_o calvinist_n have_v two_o 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distraction_n in_o religion_n come_v to_o this_o issue_n at_o last_o that_o now_o all_o those_o various_a party_n of_o people_n who_o all_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v true_a protestant_n be_v cashier_v and_o none_o permit_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o jew_n and_o papist_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v a_o great_a many_o more_o city_n if_o what_o caspar_n laudisman_n in_o his_o direction_n for_o the_o speedy_a understanding_n of_o foreign_a language_n affirm_v it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o marquisate_n 100_o city_n 410_o town_n 500_o castle_n and_o 30360_o village_n which_o prodigious_a number_n of_o building_n will_v go_v near_o to_o cover_v almost_o all_o the_o habitable_a part_n of_o this_o country_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o more_o than_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v they_o room_n for_o their_o name_n in_o the_o map_n bohemia_n notarum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la caritas_fw-la regius_fw-la libera_fw-la oppidum_n regis_fw-la bohemia_n oppida_fw-la â—â—â—inum_fw-la et_fw-la nobil_n …_o pagus_n arx_n castellum_n monasterium_fw-la oppidum_n cum_fw-la arce_n fodine_n auri_fw-la fodine_n argenti_fw-la fodine_n stanni_fw-la fodine_n ferri_fw-la therm_n officina_fw-la vitriaria_n nomina_fw-la quae_fw-la habent_fw-la tri_fw-la …_o in_o …_o nt_v bohemica_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o moravia_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o voitland_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o arch-dukedom_n of_o austria_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n whence_o the_o learned_a godalstus_n in_o that_o excellent_a treatise_n of_o his_o entitle_v commentarii_n de_fw-fr bohemiae_n regni_fw-la incorporatarumque_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la juribus_fw-la ac_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n well_o argue_v that_o this_o kingdom_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o aught_o still_o to_o be_v so_o account_v since_o all_o the_o people_n that_o encompass_v it_o speak_v the_o high_a dutch_a language_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v encompass_v round_o with_o mountain_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n riphaei_n or_o hill_n of_o giant_n which_o part_n this_o land_n from_o silesia_n out_o of_o these_o spring_n the_o great_a river_n elb_n issue_v out_o of_o two_o of_o they_o famous_a heretofore_o for_o the_o enchantment_n and_o apparition_n of_o evil_a spirit_n that_o use_v to_o haunt_v they_o one_o of_o these_o two_o be_v now_o adays_o name_v by_o the_o silesian_n germane_a that_o live_v near_o it_o schneekippe_v from_o the_o continual_a snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o knieholtz_n from_o the_o short_a shrub_n or_o brush_n wood_n that_o grow_v there_o the_o other_o river_n of_o note_n be_v the_o eager_a muldau_n satzawa_n orliecze_n lusinitz_n gyzera_n and_o mouse_n all_o which_o spring_n within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v at_o last_o empty_v into_o the_o elb_n at_o dietzin_n most_o of_o these_o run_v in_o a_o clear_a channel_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n in_o some_o of_o they_o the_o native_n find_v a_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n much_o like_o a_o horse-muscle_n with_o a_o pearl_n in_o it_o of_o good_a value_n such_o as_o those_o be_v which_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o lie_v gape_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n irt_v in_o cumberland_n in_o several_a part_n of_o bohemia_n especial_o at_o teplitz_n and_o wary_a both_o which_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o hot_a bath_n there_o find_v spring_v mineral_n and_o medicinal_a water_n which_o exceed_o refresh_v the_o body_n and_o cure_v many_o distemper_n the_o acid_a water_n at_o oegran_n and_o comorzan_n be_v account_v mighty_a sovereign_n against_o many_o disease_n and_o there_o be_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o fountain_n of_o as_o great_a credit_n at_o stechowicz_n near_o prague_n the_o like_a be_v still_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o benessow_n near_o caplicze_n which_o for_o the_o cure_v it_o have_v perform_v have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o dobra_n woda_n or_o good_a water_n there_o be_v no_o lake_n in_o the_o kingdom_n pond_n pond_n except_v only_o one_o or_o two_o near_o the_o town_n of_o mosta_n and_o tepla_fw-la of_o little_a or_o no_o moment_n but_o the_o fishpond_n in_o many_o place_n seem_v to_o equal_v the_o lake_n in_o foreign_a country_n witness_v those_o petty_a fresh_a water_n sea_n at_o pardubicz_n clumecz_n trzebon_n rozdialowicz_n and_o copydlan_n where_o the_o pond_n abound_v with_o perch_n jack_n carp_n and_o other_o fish_n bring_v their_o master_n in_o as_o large_a revenue_n as_o so_o many_o good_a lordship_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n be_v general_o fat_a and_o arable_a in_o few_o place_n barren_a or_o sandy_a commodity_n commodity_n you_o have_v here_o also_o fine_a wood_n and_o forest_n intermix_v but_o none_o so_o large_a as_o to_o render_v any_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n uninhabitable_a the_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v so_o well_o stock_v with_o fruit_n that_o yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o apple_n pear_n etc._n etc._n be_v hence_o export_v into_o misnia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v wine_n enough_o if_o the_o luxury_n of_o the_o present_a age_n do_v not_o want_v great_a supply_n than_o nature_n in_o their_o own_o vineyard_n which_o be_v reckon_v a_o better_a body_v liquor_n than_o moravian_n wine_n and_o equal_v the_o austrian_a in_o taste_n but_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v keep_v to_o so_o good_a a_o age_n the_o field_n and_o meadow_n be_v rich_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n especial_o horse_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a courage_n and_o bulk_n their_o hop-garden_n afford_v they_o a_o better_a and_o more_o plentiful_a crop_n than_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o country_n for_o which_o reason_n their_o beer_n whereof_o they_o have_v two_o sort_n white_a and_o brown_a be_v high_o value_v and_o export_v into_o the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o germany_n there_o have_v be_v some_o salt-pit_n discover_v in_o bohemia_n but_o so_o inconsiderable_a that_o they_o find_v the_o profit_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o cost_n of_o dig_v and_o therefore_o the_o bohemian_o have_v their_o salt_n out_o of_o misnia_n and_o other_o province_n of_o germany_n but_o this_o want_n be_v sufficient_o recompense_v by_o their_o rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n tin_n iron_n lead_v sulphur_n niter_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o by_o their_o glass_n and_o alum_n make_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n they_o pretend_v to_o have_v carbuncle_n ametheist_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n in_o their_o land_n which_o they_o say_v be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o among_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o hill_n country_n anselm_n boetius_fw-la boodt_n who_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v in_o the_o description_n of_o
the_o opinion_n of_o the_o foresay_a author_n be_v but_o the_o same_o nation_n different_o call_v the_o venedi_n we_o find_v mention_v by_o ptolemy_n as_o a_o great_a people_n long_o before_o seat_v in_o sarmatia_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sinus_n venedicus_n now_o baltic_a sea_n which_o from_o they_o probable_o take_v its_o name_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o venedic_n mountain_n situate_a in_o their_o territory_n and_o hartknoch_n suppose_v the_o bulanes_n gythones_n phinni_n etc._n etc._n place_v also_o by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o these_o venedi_n in_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v of_o their_o colony_n perhaps_o this_o people_n after_o they_o have_v make_v themselves_o considerable_a by_o their_o conquest_n take_v the_o name_n of_o slavi_n from_o slava_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v fame_n or_o glory_n which_o their_o descendants_n say_v cromerus_n still_o retain_v in_o their_o compound_a name_n as_o stanislaws_a wenceslaws_n etc._n etc._n though_o now_o write_v common_o stanislaus_n wenceslaus_n some_o writer_n will_v have_v the_o venedi_n to_o be_v original_o a_o german_a nation_n yet_o they_o be_v by_o cromerus_n and_o other_o sufficient_o prove_v to_o be_v of_o the_o old_a sarmatae_n or_o sauromatae_n which_o be_v of_o scythian_a extraction_n and_o probable_o bring_v forth_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n the_o fruitful_a womb_n of_o so_o many_o puissant_a nation_n the_o name_n of_o poland_n belong_v proper_o to_o two_o province_n alone_o situation_n situation_n the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a poland_n from_o which_o as_o the_o principal_a part_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v take_v its_o denomination_n it_o lie_v say_v starovolscius_fw-la between_o the_o 38th_o and_o 54th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n count_v from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n which_o amount_v to_o 250_o polish_v league_n every_o league_n contain_v about_o four_o english_a mile_n but_o the_o podolian_a and_o russian_a be_v somewhat_o long_o the_o high_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o most_o northern_a part_n of_o livonia_n subject_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v about_o 58_o deg_fw-la the_o low_a in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o poccuce_n in_o red_a russia_n 48_o deg_fw-la so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v situate_v between_o the_o seven_o and_o thirteen_o climate_n have_v to_o its_o long_a day_n from_o 16_o to_o near_o 18_o hour_n this_o kingdom_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o swedish_n livonia_n bound_n bound_n on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o muscovian_a russia_n and_o the_o desert_n of_o tartary_n on_o the_o south_n by_o moldavia_n transilvania_n and_o hungary_n from_o which_o the_o niester_n and_o the_o high_a and_o woody_a carpathian_n mountain_n divide_v it_o on_o the_o west_n by_o silesia_n the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o the_o further_a pomerane_n poland_n be_v a_o even_a champain_n country_n though_o the_o lesser_a poland_n the_o near_a it_o approach_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o hungary_n the_o more_o hilly_a and_o woody_a it_o be_v but_o the_o far_a it_o lie_v from_o thence_o the_o more_o open_a and_o level_a in_o the_o very_a middle_n also_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o palatinate_n of_o sandomir_n be_v mountainous_a and_o rocky_a former_o the_o country_n be_v all_o overgrow_v with_o wood_n but_o by_o the_o care_n of_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a and_o sigismond_n augustus_n his_o son_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o long_a peace_n they_o both_o enjoy_v husbandry_n be_v cherish_v and_o the_o province_n improve_v in_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o account_v the_o egypt_n of_o europe_n as_o have_v supply_v the_o want_n of_o most_o part_n thereof_o with_o corn_n whilst_o the_o vistula_n be_v navigable_a serve_v to_o convey_v all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n to_o dantzick_n yet_o this_o good_a husbandry_n do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o it_o be_v well_o store_v with_o tree_n as_o oak_n beech_n fir_n etc._n etc._n not_o only_o profitable_a for_o the_o common_a advantage_n of_o wood_n but_o also_o for_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o wax_n which_o they_o yearly_o afford_v the_o hollow_a tree_n supply_v hive_n and_o the_o leaf_n and_o wild_a flower_n nourishment_n to_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o bee_n the_o air_n be_v cold_a even_o to_o that_o extremity_n air._n air._n that_o tree_n be_v oftentimes_o parch_v to_o the_o very_a root_n and_o water_n pour_v down_o freeze_v ere_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v often_o freeze_v five_o or_o six_o month_n together_o and_o be_v passable_a by_o coach_n and_o cart_n lade_v at_o the_o end_n of_o march_n this_o vehement_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n we_o may_v rational_o impute_v to_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o opacousness_n of_o the_o overspreading_a wood_n yet_o notwithstanding_o orchard_n and_o garden_n be_v very_o frequent_a and_o plentiful_o store_v with_o fruit_n and_o flower_n as_o excellent_a in_o their_o kind_n as_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n this_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a mine_n mine_n abound_v not_o in_o mineral_n yet_o some_o mine_n there_o be_v as_o of_o lead_n and_o iron_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o quicksilver_n at_o tustan_n in_o red_a russia_n of_o vitriol_n near_o biecz_n in_o cracovia_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o be_v the_o salt-mine_n at_o bochnia_n and_o velisca_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n which_o be_v the_o great_a enrichment_n not_o only_o of_o the_o country_n but_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n also_o they_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n with_o long_a rope_n as_o we_o into_o our_o coal-pit_n and_o there_o dig_v out_o great_a mass_n of_o salt_n in_o street_n leave_v so_o much_o interstitium_fw-la as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v the_o earth_n it_o be_v general_o of_o a_o bluish_a colour_n yet_o some_o be_v white_a and_o transparent_a like_o crystal_n when_o it_o be_v new_o get_v it_o have_v a_o bitterish_a taste_n but_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n become_v sweet_a as_o also_o more_o heavy_a and_o brittle_a in_o these_o mine_n be_v small_a fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n which_o boil_v with_o piece_n of_o the_o rock_n yield_v great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a salt_n they_o have_v also_o some_o vein_n of_o sal_fw-la gemmae_fw-la and_o of_o another_o mineral_n resemble_v hard_a pitch_n call_v by_o they_o carbunculus_fw-la as_o cromerus_n say_v which_o take_v in_o powder_n purge_v in_o the_o deep_a cavern_n of_o the_o mine_n the_o workman_n be_v say_v sometime_o to_o hear_v voice_n like_o those_o of_o cock_n dog_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o they_o esteem_v a_o bad_a omen_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o poland_n be_v 1._o rivers_n rivers_n the_o weissel_n mention_v in_o author_n under_o the_o different_a name_n of_o vistula_n visula_n visla_n justilla_n istula_n and_o vandalus_n it_o rise_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o teschen_n in_o silesia_n out_o of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n now_o crapack_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o hungary_n whence_o run_v to_o cracow_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o there_o become_v navigable_a by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o stream_n it_o continue_v its_o course_n eastward_o to_o sandomiria_n and_o thence_o northward_o to_o warzaw_v in_o masovia_n afterward_o wind_v for_o some_o league_n westward_o to_o thorn_n in_o prussia_n it_o turn_v again_o to_o the_o north_n and_o at_o the_o island_n grosswerder_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o stream_n empty_v itself_o by_o the_o one_o into_o the_o bay_n frischhaff_a and_o by_o the_o other_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o head_n of_o this_o river_n lie_v in_o 49_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o latitude_n and_o its_o mouth_n in_o 54_o but_o both_o in_o 41_o deg_fw-la of_o longitude_n its_o course_n be_v above_o 100_o polish_v mile_n it_o divide_v ancient_o the_o european_a sarmatia_n from_o germany_n 2._o the_o warta_n rise_v near_o cromolow_v in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n under_o 40_o deg_fw-la 50_o min._n of_o longitude_n and_o 50_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v a_o wind_a course_n to_o the_o northwest_n wash_v the_o town_n of_o olstin_n warta_n posna_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o great_a poland_n and_o near_o costrin_n fall_v into_o the_o other_o 3._o notez_fw-fr which_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n goblo_fw-mi in_o the_o great_a poland_n and_o after_o a_o long_a course_n to_o the_o southwestward_o near_o dresen_fw-mi discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o warta_n 4._o the_o niester_n or_o tyras_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o take_v its_o rise_n out_o of_o the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n near_o the_o head_n of_o san_n run_v at_o first_o to_o the_o north_n then_o wind_v eastward_o and_o enlarge_v with_o many_o lesser_a river_n water_n the_o province_n of_o pocutia_n separate_v both_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a
podolia_n from_o moldavia_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o bessarabia_n empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n 5._o bug_n or_o bugus_n rise_v in_o red_a russia_n near_o the_o town_n olesco_n at_o stroczacz_n enter_v the_o narva_n nor_o be_v it_o long_o after_o that_o ere_o the_o narva_n itself_o roll_z into_o the_o weissel_n this_o narva_n be_v say_v to_o have_v this_o peculiar_a quality_n that_o no_o venomous_a creature_n will_v live_v in_o its_o stream_n insomuch_o that_o serpent_n stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o boat_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o bug_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o enter_v narva_n will_v give_v a_o hiss_n and_o scud_v away_o with_o all_o the_o speed_n they_o can_v 6._o san_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o weissel_n near_o sandomiria_n 7._o nieman_n call_v by_o the_o german_n memel_fw-la by_o the_o ancient_n chronos_n it_o rise_v in_o the_o duchy_n of_o sluczko_n in_o black_a russia_n run_v also_o through_o litvania_n and_o prussia_n at_o length_n flow_v into_o the_o lake_n kurisch-haff_a and_o so_o into_o the_o baltic_a call_v perhaps_o from_o hence_o the_o chronian_a sea_n 8._o the_o dzwina_n or_o dwina_n name_v of_o old_a rubon_n and_o since_o by_o the_o latin_n duna_n which_o spring_v in_o the_o muscovian_a russia_n and_o after_o a_o course_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o league_n through_o russia_n litvania_n and_o livonia_n throw_v itself_o into_o the_o same_o sea_n two_o league_n from_o riga_n the_o metropolis_n of_o livonia_n beside_o these_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o river_n bog_n or_o boh_o the_o hypanis_n of_o the_o greek_n which_o take_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o podolia_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o nieper_n the_o big_a poland_n cujavia_n laker_n laker_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o lublin_n have_v several_a great_a and_o remarkable_a lake_n abound_v with_o fresh_a fish_n of_o all_o sort_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o be_v goplo_n five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o briale_n or_o the_o white_a lake_n so_o call_v by_o a_o antiphrasis_n because_o that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o die_v the_o skin_n of_o those_o that_o wash_v in_o it_o of_o a_o swart_a colour_n the_o wood_n in_o poland_n be_v well_o store_v in_o most_o place_n with_o hare_n coney_n squirrel_n beast_n beast_n dear_a and_o fox_n and_o in_o many_o part_n with_o bear_n wolf_n and_o boar_n of_o amphibious_a beast_n they_o have_v castor_n otter_n and_o as_o some_o of_o that_o country_n affirm_v a_o sort_n of_o white_a bear_n which_o live_v very_o frequent_o in_o the_o water_n the_o masovian_a forest_n be_v store_v with_o elk_n wild_a ass_n vri_n which_o dr._n charleton_n interpret_v we_o and_o the_o bisontes_n jubati_n by_o some_o render_v buff_n these_o bisontes_n according_a to_o aldrovandus_n in_o their_o shape_n and_o horn_n resemble_v a_o ox_n but_o have_v mains_fw-fr like_o a_o horse_n beard_n on_o their_o low_a jaw_n tongue_n rough_a like_o a_o file_n and_o very_o hard_a a_o bunch_n upon_o their_o back_n and_o their_o hair_n smell_v like_o musk_n they_o be_v of_o incredible_a strength_n some_o affirm_v that_o they_o will_v toss_v a_o man_n and_o horse_n into_o the_o air_n the_o polish_v nobility_n hunt_v they_o and_o esteem_v their_o flesh_n powder_v a_o great_a dainty_a the_o vrus_n or_o hour_n call_v by_o the_o polander_v there_z be_v a_o kind_n of_o wild_a ox_n much_o big_a swift_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o tame_a have_v a_o short_a black_a beard_n a_o bush_n of_o hair_n upon_o his_o forehead_n and_o horn_n excessive_a large_a and_o wide_a of_o which_o pliny_n say_v the_o roman_n make_v lantern_n girdle_n of_o his_o skin_n be_v say_v to_o be_v helpful_a to_o woman_n in_o travail_n the_o elk_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n loss_n by_o the_o german_n ellend_n that_o be_v miserable_a because_o of_o the_o falling-sickness_n with_o which_o it_o be_v trouble_v be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o large_a horse_n body_v like_o a_o stag_n but_o broad_a its_o leg_n long_o foot_n large_a and_o cleave_a the_o hoof_n whereof_o be_v account_v a_o great_a medicine_n against_o the_o falling-sickness_n in_o the_o desert_n near_o boristhenes_n sig._n herberstein_n say_v there_o be_v a_o wild_a sheep_n call_v by_o the_o polander_v solhac_n shape_v like_o a_o goat_n but_o with_o short_a leg_n and_o horn_n grow_v straight_o up_o it_o be_v exceed_o swift_a and_o leap_v very_o high_a they_o have_v also_o a_o sort_n of_o wild_a horse_n in_o the_o vkrain_n call_v by_o they_o dzikie-konie_a which_o the_o noble_n eat_v for_o a_o great_a rarity_n in_o lithvania_n and_o muscovy_n be_v a_o voracious_a unserviceable_a beast_n not_o see_v in_o any_o other_o country_n as_o mat._n a_o michovia_n tell_v we_o call_v rossomaka_n which_o have_v the_o body_n and_o tail_n of_o a_o wolf_n the_o face_n of_o a_o cat_n and_o feed_v on_o dead_a carcase_n when_o it_o have_v find_v one_o it_o never_o leave_v eat_v till_o its_o belly_n be_v swell_v to_o the_o utmost_a stretch_n then_o seek_v out_o some_o narrow_a passage_n between_o two_o tree_n and_o by_o squeeze_v its_o body_n through_o force_v out_o the_o load_n of_o its_o stomach_n afterward_o return_v to_o its_o prey_n devour_v and_o disgorge_v successive_o till_o all_o be_v consume_v the_o hart-like-wolf_n or_o european_a lynx_n call_v by_o the_o latin_n lupus_n cervarius_n and_o by_o the_o native_n rise_v with_o spot_n on_o its_o belly_n and_o leg_n afford_v the_o best_a fur_n in_o poland_n though_o the_o country_n be_v well_o stock_v with_o martron_n they_o have_v neither_o camel_n tame_a ass_n nor_o mule_n which_o beast_n thrive_v not_o in_o cold_a country_n but_o be_v compensated_a with_o great_a plenty_n of_o excellent_a horse_n which_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o large_a pace_v almost_o natural_o and_o surpass_v the_o german_a horse_n in_o swiftness_n though_o they_o come_v short_a of_o the_o turkish_a those_o of_o lithvania_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o polish_v in_o bigness_n strength_n and_o beauty_n fowl_n both_o tame_a and_o wild_a be_v nowhere_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o reckon_v up_o their_o several_a kind_n since_o i_o find_v none_o peculiar_a to_o this_o nation_n save_v only_o the_o quail_n of_o podolia_n which_o have_v green_a leg_n who_o flesh_n be_v very_o unwholesome_a and_o if_o immoderate_o eat_v breed_v the_o cramp_n the_o polander_n be_v general_o of_o a_o good_a complexion_n flaxen-haired_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o tall_a of_o stature_n the_o man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n corpulent_a and_o personable_a the_o woman_n slender_a and_o beautiful_a disdain_v the_o help_n of_o art_n and_o fucus_n to_o set_v they_o off_o they_o be_v natural_o open-hearted_n and_o candid_a more_o apt_a to_o be_v deceive_v then_o to_o deceive_v not_o so_o easy_o provoke_v as_o appease_v neither_o arrogant_a nor_o obstinate_a but_o very_o tractable_a if_o they_o be_v gentle_o and_o prudent_o manage_v they_o be_v chief_o lead_v by_o example_n be_v dutiful_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n and_o very_o much_o incline_v to_o civility_n and_o hospitality_n especial_o to_o stranger_n who_o custom_n and_o manner_n they_o be_v forward_o to_o imitate_v the_o gentleman_n who_o be_v all_o noble_a take_v delight_n in_o keep_v great_a sore_n of_o horse_n and_o arms._n they_o entertain_v a_o multitude_n of_o servant_n many_o of_o which_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o follow_v they_o but_o disdain_v any_o mean_a office_n and_o sit_v with_o their_o master_n at_o table_n the_o principal_a senator_n march_v whether_o on_o foot_n or_o horseback_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o retinue_n put_v the_o best_a clad_v before_o they_o the_o daughter_n always_o walk_v before_o their_o mother_n as_o in_o italy_n and_o the_o unmarried_a sister_n before_o the_o marry_a the_o education_n of_o their_o youth_n be_v more_o loose_a and_o negligent_a then_o in_o other_o their_o neighbour_a country_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n good_a nature_n and_o virtuous_a inclination_n supply_v that_o defect_n though_o they_o hate_v the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v their_o child_n to_o learn_v it_o lest_o they_o shall_v imbibe_n also_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o greek_n yet_o they_o covet_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o have_v they_o well_o instruct_v in_o the_o latin_a so_o that_o in_o no_o part_n of_o italy_n not_o in_o rome_n itself_o shall_v a_o man_n meet_v with_o so_o many_o that_o be_v able_a to_o converse_v in_o latin_a as_o here_o even_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o wealthy_a citizen_n at_o home_o or_o in_o monastery_n be_v teach_v to_o write_v and_o read_v as_o well_o the_o latin_a as_o their_o native_a language_n when_o they_o grow_v to_o year_n of_o maturity_n and_o not_o before_o they_o be_v put_v to_o learn_v