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water_n	fish_n	great_a	sea_n	3,519	5	6.8793	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61053	A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed.	Speed, John, 1552?-1629.; Goos, Abraham,; Gryp, Dirck,; Speed, John, 1552?-1629. Theatre of the empire of Great Britaine.	1646 (1646)	Wing S4882A; ESTC R218797	522,101	219

But then perceiving that they availed nothing the water in this space rather increasing then any whit abating Now hopelesse of safety tyred and out-worne with labour watching and discomfort and desirous to refresh their enfeebled spirits with some little rest before their death they resolved to cease their labour and so by consequence permit their ship to sinke Sir George Sommers sitting day and night all this while upon the Poope to direct the Shippe as evenly as might be lest she should be over-turned or swallowed of the waves espied land and thereupon called the Company together and encouraged them again to pumping and casting out water by which meanes they kept her up from sinking and by Gods providence escaped the rocks till they gat within halfe a mile of the shoare where she stuck fast betweene two rocks The extremitie of the storme being then well qualified they had time to land all their men most part of their provision and to save much of their ships tacking and iron-worke before she sanke And thus it pleased God by this evill to bring to light a farre greater good agreeable to that saying Quae latet inque boniscess at non cognita rebus Apparet virtus arguiturque malis Having thus escaped the eminent danger of present death and all safely arrived We may well conceive their joy to have beene great especially when they found there in great abundance Fish Fowle Hogs and other things for the sustenance of man and which they most of all feared water but no people nor any kinde of cattell except those Hogs and a few wilde Cats which in likelihood had swoom a-shore out of some Ship cast away upon the coast and there encreased They abode there nine moneths during which time with help of such things as they saved of the Sea venture and of such as they found in the Countrey they built of Cedar and rigged fit for the Sea two Vessels a Ship and a Pinnace and upon the tenth of May 1610. departed toward Virginia leaving onely two men behind them and carrying with them store of provision for the reliefe of the people there Vpon the 24. of May they arrived safely there and shortly after some of them returned to the Sommer Ilands againe for a further supply in the same Ship which they had formerly built there where Sir George Sommers dying his men did not according to his last charge given unto them returne to Virginia but framed their course for England leaving behind them three men that stayed voluntarily who shortly after found in Somerset Iland which is part of Sandys Tribe a very great treasure in Amber-greece to the value of nine or ten thousand pound sterling there hath also beene found since divers times of the best sort This new discovery of the Sommer Ilands being thus made knowne in England to the Virginian Company by these men which returned they sold to some hundred and twenty persons of the same Company who obtained a Charter from his Majesty and so hold it And toward the latter end of Aprill 1612. sent thither a ship called the Plough with some sixty persons to inhabite appointing Governour one Master Richard Moore a man ingenious and carefull who since died in Sir Walter Rawleyes last voyage to Guiana a place as appeareth by our moderne Geographers very rich and spatious But as I say he arrived there about the beginning of Iuly and found the foresaid three men that stayed voluntarily very well Master Moore spent three yeares of his government for the most part in fortifying the Country and trayning the people in martial exercises which custome hath beene continued by his successours he built some nine or tenne Forts placing Ordinance and Munition in them In his time the Lord sent upon the Countrey a very grievous scourge and punishment threatning the utter ruine and desolation of it That it came from God I need not strive to prove especially considering it was generally so acknowledged by us at that time The causes and occasions of it I need not name being very well knowne to us all that then lived there which were about 600. persons though shortly after much diminished I will onely shew the thing it selfe which was a wonderfull annoyance by silly Rats These Rats comming at the first out of a Ship few in number increased in the space of two year or lesse so exceedingly that they filled not onely those places where they were first landed But swimming from place to place spread themselves into all parts of the Countrey In so much that there was no Iland though severed by the Sea from all other Lands and many miles distant from the Iles where the Rats had their originall but was pestered with them They had their nests almost in every tree and in all places their Burrowes in the ground like Conies to harbour in They spared not the fruits of Plants or Trees neither the Plants themselves but eat them up When we had set our Corne they would commonly come by troupes the night following or so soone as it began to grow and digge it up againe If by diligent watching any of it were preserved till it came to caring it should then very hardly scape them Yea it was a difficult matter after we had it in our houses to save it from them for they became noysome even to the persons of men We used all diligence for the destroying of them nourishing many Cats wilde and tame for that purpose we used Rats-bane and many times set fire on the Woods so as the fire might runne halfe a mile or more before it were extinct Every man in the Countrey was enjoyned to set twelve Traps and some of their owne accord set neere a hundred which they visited twice or thrice in a night We trayned up our Dogs to hunt them wherein they grew so expert that a good Dog in two or three houres space would kill fortie or fiftie Rattes and other meanes we used to destroy them but could not prevaile finding them still to encrease against us Mappa AESTIVARUM Insularum alias Bermudas dictarum ad ostia Mexicani aestuarij iacentium in Latitudine Graduum 32 minutorum 25. Ab Anglia Londino Scilicet versus I●● notum 3300 Miliaribus Anglicanis et a Roanoack qui locus est in Virginia versus Euro notum 500 Mil. accu 〈…〉 A Mapp of the SOMMER 〈…〉 nds once called the ●●rmudas Lying at the mouth 〈◊〉 the bay of Mexico in the ●titude of 32. degr 25. mi ●●●tant from England viz from ●●●don toward the west south●●st 3300. miles And from ●●anoack in Virginia to●●rd the east south east ●●0 miles exactlie Surveyed About this time or immediately before came thither a company of Ravens which continued with us all the time of this mortalitie and then departed There were not before that time nor since so farre as I heare any more of them seene there And this with some other reasons of more moment moved many

scattered by unfortunate chance of fire which catch among 800. Barrells of Gunpowder In this stands a Monastery which at sometimes hath in it 1600 Nunnes and within these limits is the power of the Arch-Duke confined And surely by reason of his infinite charge to maintaine warre and the ticklish termes he stands upon for feare of displeasing his Subjects who as he suspects may be apt enough to revolt he can reape but little cleare profit and dares use as little Authority 16 To the States there hold first the Dukedome of Geldria which some will have to take her name from Gelduba once her chiefe Citie whether or not there appeares not now any monument of such a Towne The Province stands on the East of Brabant and North of Limburg It is a very fertile soile especially if it be well tilled it returneth the husbandman a liberall reward for his labour Her pastures are excellent in so much that they feed up their Cattle to an incredible bignesse and weight A report passeth of one Bull which weighed 3200. pound It was killed at Antwerpe 1570. It hath in it 22. walled Townes and about 300 Villages The principall of account are Neomagus or Nummegen an Imperial city stands at the mouth of Rhene which is called the Vahall It was honoured with the title of a vice-County had authority to coyn money and was bound to acknowledge subjection to the Emperour only by a small tribute A glove of Gunpowder which they were to tender at Aken once a year Others of note are Ruermund Arnem and Zutph●n 17 The Earledomes are 1 Zutphen a Town only in Gelderland at the north of the river Barikell where that valiant souldier and incomparable Poet Sir Philip Sidney received his last wound It was joyned into the States strength 1590. 2 Zeland it stands in the North tract upon the Seas from whence it hath the name as it were of Zeland And indeed it oft times so fals out that they can hardly say whether they live in Sea or upon the Land Eight Ilands have bin utterly lost what remaines of this Province is by the water divided into seven Ilands Walcheria in which stands Middle-borough and Flushin South Beveland North Develand Wolfors-dicke These are the Westerne The Easterne are Schoven Tolen and Develand They are most of them a fierce people craftie in merchandize good Sea men and great Fishers 3 Holland or Holtland a woody Countrey It is but a small Region such as be a man where he will within her compasse he may travell it out in three houres And yet is it of great fame and better knowne to the common sort of people then any of these parts The Inhabitants heretofore the Batavi on the West it hath the Sea and Iles of Zeland on the North the maine Ocean It comprehends about 400. Villages and 29. walled Towns The chiefe are Dordret or Dort memorable for a Synode held against the Arminians 1618. Harlem a Town which first sent forth a printed Booke into the other parts of Europe Delft Amsterdam a great place of traffique Roterdam Lugdunum Batavorum Leyden an Vniversitie Among the rest the Hage may claime a roome here though but a village yet the fairest in Christendome and seat of the States Councell The report lyeth upon this Province of Margaret sister to the Earle of Floris that she brought at one birth 365. children all living till they were christened 18 Baronies are 1 Vltrasectense utrecht on the East of Gelderland and in part West North and South of Holland It hath the name from her mother Citie Traiectum and she hers as is supposed from a common Ferry which is there For before it was called Antonina It hath foure other good Townes and seventy villages 2 Ov●rissall or Transisulana on the North of Gelderland It hath above 100. Villages and 11. Townes of note The chief Deventer wonne by our Robert Dudley Earle of Leicester from the Spaniards to the States It was once under government of the Bishop of Vtrech And the first was Wilbr●d an Englishman 3 Frizia West Friezeland on the North of Overissall It hath 345. Villages and 5. Townes The chiefe Lewarden Harlingham a Sea-town Francker a late Vniversitie 4 Groyning a Town only of West Friezland but hath Command over 145. villages hath her proper laws jurisdiction of a Province 19 These last eight joyn together in an Aristarchicall Government weilded by the LL. the States of the Low Countries and their assistants Each Province hath one and his Common Councell is elected out of her owne principall Towns But the residency of the generall Councell of the States is at the Hage in Holland And to this are admitted with equall priviledge of suffrage their Generall of their Forces and our English Embassador ¶ The Description of SPAINE IN our Division of Europe we placed her Regions as they lay from the first Meridian of Longitude in the Azores and so on towards Asia Eastward We will not here vary the course which was there proposed and that gave Spaine the precedency as lying most Westward into the Atlanticke Ocean And indeed she puts forward as well upon her tearmes of Antiquitie as order of place For if her plea may be heard she derives her being from Tubal the grandchild of Noah and would be one of the first Nations of the second world Likely enough those parts might be inhabited by his Progenie but I doubt whether so soone after the Flood as himselfe lived and as some would have it who suppose that he then kept Cattell and named the Province Taraconensis from the Hebrew Taraco a possession of Heards This and other the like improbable Relations passe of her originall Which as we may not accept for truths so we have no roome here to confute them for lies We must be content rather to omit those former ages which give us no light but by fables and begin with the affaires of Spaine which come within the compasse of our known and approved Stories As for the exploits of Hercules of Gerion and Cacus and the rest questionlesse they had some ground from truth it selfe if we knew how to search it forth and here was their residence men twelve hundred yeares by compute before the Romans or Carthaginians enjoyed it But by reason that the passage of those times was delivered onely in vaine fictions we can warrant nothing for certaine till the Syrians there planted themselves in the I le of Gades and of them little till the Carthaginians were called in to aid them against the disturbance of ill neighbours when once they were mingled with so flourishing a Nation they wanted not Writers to record their actions and sundry turnes of Fortune 2 The next Inhabitants there of Spaine after the Syrians and indeed the first which afford us any Story worth observing were the Carthaginians and the first cause of their entrance was to defend the Ilanders of Cales but when they had once got firme footing and

VVytheridge With. VVithycombe stan VVithycombe hey Withycombe rawlew East Withycombe Chappell East VVognell East Hey VVognell West Hey Wolfradisworth Ha. VVholley sheb Wolesworthy With. VVood stan VVood Hay VVoodbury East b. VVoodland hey VVoodland a●m VVoodley stan VVorington Black VVorlington East With. VVorlington West With. VVorthiham lift VVortley southm Y Yalme moth Arm. Yalme Flu. Yaneton Bran. Yaneton Court Bran. Yarckcombe Axm. Yealmpton plym. Yarnescombe Hart. Youlston sher Z Zaelmonaco Northt CORNVVALL as Matthew of Westminster affirmeth is so named partly from the forme and partly from her people for shooting it selfe into the Sea like a Horne which the Britaines call Kerne and inhabited by them whom the Saxons named Wallia of these two compounded words it became Cornwallia Not to trouble the Reader with the Fable of Corineus cousin to King Brute who in free gift received this Countie in reward of his prowesse for wrastling with the Giant Gogmagog and breaking his necke from the Cliffe of Dover as he of Monmouth hath fabuled 2 Touching the temperature of this Countie the aire thereof is cleansed as with Bellows by the Billows that ever worke from off her environing Seas where-thorow it becometh pure and subtill and is made thereby very healthfull but withall so piercing and sharpe that it is apter to preserve then to recover health The spring is not so early as in the more Easterne parts yet the Summer with a temperate heat recompenceth his slow fostering of the fruits with their most kindly ripening The Autumne bringeth a some what late harvest and the Winter by reason of the Seas warme breath maketh the cold milder then elsewhere Notwithstanding that Countrey is much subject to stormie blasts whose violence hath freedome from the open waves to beat upon the dwellers at Land leaving many times their houses uncovered 3 The soile for the most part is lifted up into many hilles parted asunder with narrow and short vallies and a shallow earth doth cover their out-side which by a Sea-weed called Ovewood and a certaine kinde of fruitfull Sea-sand they make so ranke and batten as is uncredible But more are the riches that out of those hills are gotten from the Mines of Copper and Tinne which Countrey was the first and continueth the best stored in that Merchandize of any in the world Timaeus the Historian in Pliny reporteth that the Britaine 's fetched their Tinne in wicker boats stitched about with Lather And Diodorus Siculus of Augustus Caesars time writeth that the Britaine 's in this part di●ged Tinne out of stony ground which by Merchants was carried into Gallia and thence to Narbone as it were to a Mart. Which howsoever the English-Saxons neglected yet the Normans made great benefit thereof especially Richard brother to King Henry the third who was ●arl● of Cornwall and by those Tinne-workes became exceedingly rich for the incursions of the Moores having stopped up the Tinne-Mines in Spaine and them in Germanie not discovered before the yeare of Christ 1240. th●se in Cornwall supplyed the want in all parts of the world This Earle made certaine Tinne-Lawes which with liberties and priviledges were confirmed by Earle Edmund his sonne And in the dayes of King Edward the third the Common-weale of Tinne-workes from one body was divided into foure and a LordWarden of the Stanniers appointed their Iudge 4 The Borders of this Shire on all parts but the East is bound in with the Sea and had Tamer drawn his course but foure miles further to the North betwixt this Countie and Devon shire it might have been rather accounted an Iland then stood with the Mayne Her length is from Launston to the Land-end containing by measure sixtie miles and the broadest part stretching along by the Tamer is fully fortie lessening thence still lesser like a horne 5 The ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romans were the Danmonii that spread themselves further into Devon-Shire also by the report of Diodorus Siculus a most courteous and civill people and by Michael their Poet extolled for valour and strength of limmes nor therein doth he take the libertie that Poets are allowed to adde to the subject whereof they write but truely reporteth what we see by them performed who in activitie surmount many other people When the Heathen Saxons had seated themselves in the best of this Land and forced the Christian Britaines into these rockie parts then did Cornwall abound in Saints unto whose honour most of the Churches were erected by whose names they are yet knowne and called To speake nothing of Vrsula that Counties Dukes daughter with her companie of canonized Virgin-Saints that are now reputed but to trouble the Calendar These Britaine 's in Cornwall to fenced the Countrey and defended themselves that to the raigne of King Athelstane they held out against the Saxons who subduing those Westerne parts made Tamer the Bounder betwixt them and his English whose last Earle of the British Bloud was called Candorus 6 But William the Bastard created Robert his halfe-brother by Herlotta their mother the first Earle of the Normans race and Edward the Blacke Prince the ninth from him was by his Father King Edward the third invested the first Duke of Cornwall which Title ever since hath continued in the Crowne 7 The commodities of this Shire ministred both by Sea and Soyle are many and great for besides the abundance of Fish that doe suffice the Inhabitants the Pilchard is taken who in great skuls swarme about the coast whence being transported to France Spaine and Italie yeeld a yearly revenew of gaine unto Cornwall wherein also Copper and Tinne so plentifully grow in the utmost part of this Promontory that at a low water the veines thereof lie bare and are seene and what gaine that commoditie begets 1s vulgarly known Neither are these Rockes destitute of Gold nor Silver yea and Diamonds shaped and pointed Angle-wise and smoothed by Nature her selfe whereof some are as bigge as Walnuts inferiour to the Orient onely in blacknesse and hardnesse Many are the Ports Bayes and Havens that open into this Shire both safe for arrivage and commodious for transport whereof Falmouth is so copious that an hundred Ships may therein ride at anchor apart by themselves so that from the tops of their highest Masts they shall not see each other and lie most safely under the windes 8 This Countie is fruitfull in Corne Cattle Sea fish and Fowle all which with other provisions for pleasures and life are traded thorow twenty-two Market-Townes in this Shire whereof Launston and Bodman are the best from which last being the middle of the Shire the Pole is elevated to the degree of Latitude 50.35 minutes and for Longitude from the first West point 15.13 minutes as Mercator hath measured them 9 Memorable matters both for antiquitie and strangenesse of fight are these At Boskenna upon the South-west of her Promontory is a Trophy

the Disciple of Elvodugus doth tell and their own Histories of Nemethus and Delas besides Cisnerus and others doe shew who were first knowne by the name of Scots as is gathered out of Porphyry alledged by S. Ierome in the Raigne of Aurelianus the Emperour Gildas calleth them the Irish Spoilers Giraldus A Scotish Nation d●scended from Ireland which in regard of them by Eginhardus is termed The Ile of Scots by Beda The I le inh●bited by the Scots and by other Historians Scotland the great as their seat in Britaine was called Scotland the lesse 8 These when the Romane Empire was farre in the wane burst into Britaine under Reuda their Captaine who entring amitie with the Picts possessed the North part of the Iland and assisted them against the Britaines then ready to fall when the Romanes were gone But these afterward entertaining dissensions amongst themselves put the hazard of their estates on the tryall and chance of one dayes battell fought betwixt them in the yeere of Salvation 740. wherein the Picts not onely lost their lives but soone after even their very name also and Fortune crowning the Scots with victory advanced their Kingdome unto such fame and strength that the same hath long continued without any absolute Conquest or surprise against the assaults of whatsoever enemies 9 Scotlands South part in Galloway washed with the water of Solway Bay toucheth the degree 56. of Latitude and thence inbosoming many Loughes and In-lets upon the East and West extendeth it selfe unto the degree 60. and 30. minutes whose Longitude is likewise laid betwixt the degree 13. and 19. and the same growne very narrow being so neere the North-Pole as lying directly under the hindermost Stars of the Greater Beare 10 The whole Kingdome is divided into two parts by the great River Tay the South whereof is the more populous and more beautified in manners riches and civiliti●● the North more rude retaining the customes of the Wild-Irish the ancient Scot in whose severall Territories these Counties ensuing are contained   South   North. Teifidale Galloway Stirling Loqunbreo Buquhan Merch. Carricke Fife Braidalbin Murrey Laudien Kyle Strathern Perth Rosse Liddesdale Cunningham Menteith Athol Sutherland Eskedale Arran Argile Aug●is Cathanes Annandale Cluidesdale Cantire Merns Strathnavern Niddesdale Lennox Lorne Mar.   THE KINGDOME OF SCOTLAND Amongst the things worthy of note of Antiquitie in this Kingdome most memorable was that Fortification drawn from Abercorne upon the Frith of Edenborough unto Alcluyd now Dunbritton opening upon the West Sea where Iulius Agricola set the limit of the Romane Empire past which saith Tacitus there was not other bounds of Britaine to be sought for and that here the second Legion Augusta and the twentieth Legion Victrix built a part of the Wall certaine Inscriptions there digged up and reserved at Dunloyr and Cader doe witnesse as also an ancient coped Monument of an high and round compasse which as some thinke was a Temple consecrated unto the god Terminus others a Trophey raised by Carausius who fortified this Wall with seven Castles as Ninius doth declare 12 At this place began the great and darke Wood Caledonia famous for the wilde white Buls that therein were bred whose Manes were Lion-like thicke and curled of nature fierce and cruell and so hatefull to mankinde that they abhorred whatsoever was by them handled or breathed upon these Woods stretched farre and wide with many turnings darke shades and dreadfull dens and so famous in the Romane Writers that they often used that name for all Britaine whose inhabitants were the last in this Iland that yeelded their necks to the yoake of subjection as shall appeare in our following Story 13 Ninius a Britaine is recorded to have converted the South-Picts unto the Faith of Christ in the Raigne of Theodosius the younger and the Church in Galloway bearing his name doth witnesse it so likewise in the same age Palladius sent from Pope Coelestine becam● an Apostle unto the Scots whose reliques lay enshrined at Fordon in Mernis as was verily supposed but that Christianitie had been formerly planted in this uttermost Province is testified by Tertullian in saying the Britaines had embraced the faith further then the Romans had power to ●ollow or persecute them whereupon Peter Monke of Clun in Spaine concludeth their conversion to be more ancient then the Southern Britaines 14 But touching things observable for the present surely admirable is the report of the plentie of Cattle Fish and Fowle there abiding their Neat but little yet many in number Fish so plentifull that men in some places for delight on horse-backe hunt Salmons with Speares and a certaine Fowle which some call Soland Geese spreading so thicke in the Aire that they even darken the Sunnes light of whose flesh feathers and oyle the Inhabitants in some parts make great use and gaine yea and even of Fishes brought by them abundant provision for dyet as also of the sticks brought to make their nests plentifull provision for fewell 15 With these as of wonders I might speake of the natures of those two famous Loughes Lomund and Nessa the latter whereof never freezeth in Winter though never so extreame and the waters of the other most raging in the fairest and calmest weather wherein also floateth an Iland that removeth from place to place as the winde forceth her spongeous and unfastened body In Buquhan upon the banks of Ratra is a Well whose trickling drops turne in Pyramidy-wise into hard stone and another neere Edenborough that floateth with Bitumen In Dee and Done besides the admired plentie of Salmons is found a Shell-fish called the Horse-muskell wherein Pearles are engendred most precious for Physicke and some of them so Orient that they give not place to the choisest 16 No lesse strange then any the fore-mentioned waters but more lamentable is the remembrance of the great inundation hapning by the sudden rising of Tay which bare away the Walles and Towne of Berth and with it the Cradle and young son of King William into the Sea wherein the Royall Infant with many others perished the King and his Courtiers hardly escaping the danger with life The ●uine of this Towne raised another more famous and more commodiously seated even Perth since called Saint Iohns-Towne 17 Ilands and Inlets yeelding both beautie and subjection to this Scottish Kingdome are the Westerne the Orknayes and the Shetlands reckoned to be above three hundred in number their Inhabitants for the most part using the frugalitie of the ancient Scot. 18 The Westerne lying scattered in the Deucalidonian Sea were anciently ruled by a king of their owne whose maintenance was out of their common Coffers and the Regall authoritie never continued in Lineall succession for to prevent that their Kings were not permitted to have wives of their owne but might by their Lawes accompany with other mens as the like Law was in the other parts of Scotland that the Virginitie of all new wives should be

A PROSPECT OF THE MOST FAMOUS Parts of the World VIZ. ASIA 3 AFFRICA 5 EVROPE 7 AMERICA 9 WITH These Kingdomes therein contained Grecia 11 Roman Empire 13 Germanie 15 Bohemia 17 France 19 Belgia 21 Spaine 23 Italie 25 Hungarie 27 Denmarke 29 Poland 31 Persia 33 Turkish Empire 35 Kingdome of China 37 Tartaria 39 Sommer Ilands 41 Civill Warres in England Wales and Ireland You shall find placed in the beginning of the second Book marked with these *** and 5 TOGETHER VVith all the Provinces Counties and Shires contained in that large THEATOR of Great BRITTAINES Empire Performed BY JOHN SPEED LONDON Printed by Iohn Legatt for William Humble and are to be sold at his Shop in Popes-head Pallace 1646. ¶ The generall Description of the World HEaven was too long a reach for man to recover at one steppe And therefore God first placed him upon the earth that he might for a time contemplate upon his inferiour workes magnifie in them his Creator and receive here a hope of a fuller blisse which by degrees he should at last enjoy in his place of rest For this end was the lower world created in the beginning out of a rude masse which before had no forme And that it might be made habitable the Lord separated the dry land from the waters upon the third day Yet so as still they make but one Globe whose Center is the same with the middle world and is the point and rest as it were of all heavie bodies which naturally apply themselves to it and there are supported by their owne weight and equall poyze 2 It hath seemed incredible to such as measure the wonders of God by mans wisdome that this massie part of the world should subsist by it selfe not borne up by any outward prop incompast onely with subtile and fleeting ayre such as can neither helpe to sustaine nor resist the fall could the earth be moved from her due place But the wonder will cease if we remember that the Lord sitteth upon the circle of the earth Isa. 40. He set it upon her foundations so that it shall never move He covered it with the deepe as with a Garment The waters would stand above the mountains but at his rebuke they fled Yet he set them a bound which they should not passe Psal. 104. 3 Thus ordered by divine providence the Earth and Sea compose themselves into a Sphericall figure as is here described And is caused by the proper inclination of each part which being heavie fals from every point of the circumference and claps about the center there settles as neer as it may towards his place of rest We may illustrate both the figure and situation by a familiar similitude to an ingenious apprehension Suppose we a knot to be knit in the midst of a cord that hath many ends and those to be delivered to sundry men of equall strength to be drawne severall waies round from every part above and below and on each side questionlesse whilest every man drawes in the boes of the knots it must needs become round and whilst they continue to pluck with equall strength it must rest immoveable in the middle betwixt them since every strength that would destroy hath a strength equall to resist it So it is in the bosome of the earth where every part meets upon equall priviledges of nature nor can any passe farther then the center to destroy this compacted figure for it must meet there with a body that will oppose it Or if not yet could it not passe since every motion from the middle were to ascend which Nature will not permit in a body of weight as the earth is 4 Now though in a Sphere every crosse line which way soever drawne if it runne through the middle must needs be of equall quantity and therefore admits no difference of length or b●edth yet the Geographers for their purpose have conceived and but conceived a Longitude and Latitude upon the earth The Longitude they reckon from the first Meridian in the Azores and so Eastward round number the degrees upon the Aequator The Latitude from the Aequator to each Pole and number the degrees upon the outward Meridionall circle This inkling may suffice to instruct the ignorant in the search of any place that shall be hereafter mentioned in my Discourse 5 The compasse of the whole is cast by our latest and most learned to be 216000. English miles which though none ever yet so paced as to measure them by the foote yet let not the ignorant reject this account since the rule by which they are led cannot faile For we see by continuall experience that the Sunne for every degree in the Heavens gaines sixtie miles upon earth towards his circuit round and after 360. degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us as before it was Repeat the number of sixtie so oft and you will finde the account just And so by proportion of the Circumference to the Diameter which is triplu sesqui septima the same which 22. hath to 7. we may judge like wise of the earths thicknesse to the Center The whole Diameter must by rule be somewhat lesser then a third part of the circle that in proportion to 216000. will be 6872. halfe the number will reach the middle of the world and that is 3436. In this report both of the quantitie and forme of the earth we must not require such exactnesse as cannot vary a hairs bredth for we see that the mountains of the earth and often times the waves of the Sea make the superficies unequall It will be sufficient if there be no difference sensible to be reckoned in so great a balke For let us rudely hew a ball out of a rough stone still it is a ball though not so smooth as one of Crystall Or suffer a mote to fall upon a Sphaere of glasse it changeth not its figure farre lesse are the mountaines which we see in respect of the whole lumpe For other rules or termes Geographicall I referre thee to a peculiar tract that will afford me more roome and time 6 When the earth and sea were thus prepared with a due figure a just quantitie and convenient seate both in respect of the heavens and themselves Nature began at command of the most High to use her art and to make it a fit dwelling place for the image of God for so was man created and so indeed was the earth no other then the picture of heaven The ground brought forth her plants and fruits the skies were filled with the fowle of the ayre the waters yeelded their fish and the field their cattle No sooner his house was thus furnisht but man enters upon his possessions the sixth day And that shall be our tract to find out the worlds first Inhabitants where it was peopled in the beginning and how it was over-spread with Countries and Nations as now it is 7 In the first age there was little need of

compasse eight miles and the houses for two stories high are built with Marble The people noble minded and forward to any honourabale action be it in the warres by Land or hazzard by Sea One Christopher Columbus is sufficiēt to make good this Elogy for whose birth she deserves to be honoured to the worlds end The women of Genoa are the most happy of any in Italy for they may see a man and speak and be courted if not too boldly without suspition of their friends or jealousie of their husbands 27 The State of Luca is in Tuscanie and comprehends the Territories and Citie Luca built by Lucumo King of Italy upon the River Serchius It was once the randevouse of Pompey Caesar and Crassus Here they joyned their forces in their great attempt This hath beene the Emperours the Genoa's the Venetians the Millanoy's and the Florentines in their severall turnes They now rest under the protection of the King of Spaine The Description of the Kingdom of Hungary IT is not without example of good authoritie if I take into this Description not onely that part which is now more peculiarly knowne by the name of Hungarie but the whole Countrey likewise of Daria which was once one with it though time and fortune have at last severed them so that each hath now its owne Princes Laws Customes Language and Religion different from other I the rather take to my selfe this leave to avoyd both the charge and trouble of ordering for every one a severall Table 2 First then the Kingdome of Hungarie is on the Southeast of Germanie and joynes upon the Dukedome of Austria They heretofore divided betwixt them the Countrey of Pannonia Austria was the superior and this the inferior Pannonia Their government and titles are now dis-joyned and Austria hath got the start in power for she is the mother of many German Princes and hath drawne the Crowne Imperiall almost into a succession 3 Yet is Hungarie still an absolute Kingdome and if not so rich and populous as heretofore it must not take from her honour since her fortunes sunke not through want of valour and fault of her former Inhabitants but have beene for a long time exposed to hazzard in the defence of Christendome against the mis-beleeving Turke and for that it hath beene by some styled the Cockpit of the world where once in a yeare at least a prize is played and some ground either won or lost by either partie 4 The first Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Pannones those were expulsed by the Gothes And when the Gothes went into Italy it was left to the possession of the Hunni a Scythian people which lived before neere the Palus Maeotis and when they saw their time changed their seat and about the yeare three hundred seventie three brake by great multitudes into these parts of Europe which they held till they were displaced by the Lombards These last were the Winnili which lived in Scandia or Scandinaria a Northerne Peninsula betwixt the Germane and Hyperborean Seas Their seat it seemes was too barren for their number and meere want of victualls forced them to seeke better sustenance in some other quarter They over-ran many Countries ere they could find any one to their content Among the rest the Pannonia had her course and here they continued till they marched into Italy under the command of Alboinnus where after 200. yeares their Kingdome was ruinated by Charlemain 5 When it was thus left by Lombards the Hunnes returned to their former seat and after some time of rest grew up to a potent Nation able to encounter the Romane Macrinus to breake his Forces and returne victors from the battaile About the yeare 439. they chose for their King Attyla whose inscription was Attyla Mundizi filius Magni Nim nepos Engadiae natus divinâ benignitate Hunnorum Medorū Gothorum ac Danorū metus orbis Deique flagellum An insolent title but indeed he was victorious over most parts of the then known world and bethought himselfe of enlarging his Territories in Asia and Africa But that designe was drowned in wine and lust which at length brought him to a most miserable destruction For in the night time when he had filled himselfe with both as he lay by his Concubine with his face upward in a dead sleep his nose gusht a bleeding and choked him being not able to recover himselfe from his back to give it passage 6 Since this settling they were once more disturbed by the Lombards and after by Charles the Great so that they were not well fastened in their possession of this Countrey till the time of the Emperour Arnulphus about the yeare 900. And in deed at this day hardly enjoy it by reason of the incredible spoyls and massacres which the Tartars commit amongst them This last name of Hungaria without doubt had the Originall from their present Inhabitants and their Predecessors which at times have peopled this Countrey above 1200. yeares 7 This Hungaria propria is bound on the West with Austria on the East with the River Tibiscus on the North with Poland and Russia and on the South with the River Savus 8 The land thus limited it is hard to beleeve what most Geographers report of her fertility That she yeelds Corne thrice in one yeare almost without any tillage or care of the husbandman Fruit of all kinds in great abundance and grapes which make an excellent wholesome and rich wine It breeds Cattle in such plenty that this one Countrey besides stores for her owne Inhabitants sends Sheepe and Oxen into forraigne Nations which lye about her and might say they suffice to feed all Europe with flesh Venison is not here any dainties Does Haires Harts Goates Boares c. are every mans meate and the game common as well to the Boores as Gentry And so for Phesant Partridge Black-birds Pigeons most fowle wild and tame 9 The earth is inricht with variety of Mines which yeelds her plenty of Iron Steele Copper Silver and Gold Lead she hath not and scarce at all any Tinne Her Rivers are equally commodious as well for their owne wealth as fit conveyance of forraigne Merchandize by shipping into their quarters The chiefe and onely one indeed which belongs properly to this Region is Tibiscus or Teissa and this imparts not her streames to any other Countrey but fully and freely payes her tribute to the Hungarian more Fish then can be spent yearly within their owne limits It passeth proverbially upon this River that two parts of it are water and a third fish The rest which are common to this with other Countries are Danubius here Ister and Savus and Darvus all of them well stored with water provision and in some places cast up a sand mixt with very good Gold Here are besides many waters of excellent vertues whereof some turne Wood into Iron others Iron into Brasse Some very medicinall for sundry diseases others againe so pestiferous that they kill the

with some five hundred persons there being at that time in the Countrey onely five hundred more for by the space of foure yeares to wit during the later part of Master Moores government and all the time of Captaine Tuckers they had sent few thither being almost hopelesse of the place by reason of the Rats But since there have beene sent many Companies more then have come to my knowledge In so much that I understand the Countrey is now almost fully Planted and Inhabited Thus I have briefly related so farre foorth as hath come to my knowledge and remembrance every thing of most note and importance that hath befallen in the first discovery and planting of these Ilands till this present I have laboured to contract my selfe yet have exceeded my extended limits Now I must speake something of the Countrey it selfe which consisteth of a company of small Ilands scituate and formed as above appeareth It lyeth in the Westerne Ocean in that part of the world lately discovered and called AMERICA or the NEVV WORLD vulgarly the WEST INDIES It hath Latitude or elevation as is above-said 32. Degrees 25. minutes which is almost the same with the Maderaes or rather more Southward Now the better to manifest the scituation of it I have reduced the whole into a narrow roome placing it as above appeareth at the Center or middle of the Flye or Compasse and withall have made an appearance of the Sea-coast of VIRGINIA as also of sundry other places of Note adjacent according to their true position and distance from it as neere as I could gather so that the Compasse sheweth how any of those places bear from the SOMMER ILANDS and if you measure by the parts of the graduated Meridian from the middle of the Compasse to any of those places you have their distance For every Degree is twenty Leagues or sixtie Miles The Countrey is round about environed with Rocks which to the North-ward West-ward South-West-ward extend farther then hath beene yet discovered By reason of these Rockes the Countrey is very strong For there is onely two places and scarce two except to such as know them well where shipping may safely come in those places are very wel fortified but within its roome to entertaine a Royall Fleet. The Rockes in most places appeare at a low water neither are they much covered at a high water For it ebbs and flowes there not above five foot The shore it selfe for the most part is a Rock so hardned by the Sunne Winde and Sea that it is not apt to be worne by the waves whose violence is also broken by the Rocks before they come at the shoare The Mould is of divers colours neither Clay nor Sand but a meane betweene The Red which resembleth Clay is worst the whitish resembling Sand and the blackish Clay is good the Brown between them both which they call white because there is mingled with it as it were a white Marle is best Vnder the mould two or three foot deepe and sometimes lesse is a kinde of white hard substance which they call the Rock the Trees usually fasten their rootes in it and draw their nourishment from it Neither is it indeed Rocke or Stone nor so hard though for the most part harder then Chalke nor so white but Pumice-like and spungie easily receiving and containing much water I have seen in some places Clay found under it It seemes to be engendered of the Rain-water draying through the earth and drawing with it of his substance unto a certaine depth where it congeales The hardest kind of it which is commonly under the red ground is not so spungie nor re●●ins much water but lveth in the ground in Quarries as it were thick Slates one upon another there is some chinks or crevices betwixt one lare and another through which the water hath passage so that in such places there is scarce found any fresh water For all or the most part of their fresh water whereof they have good store cometh out of the Sea drayning through the sand or through the fore said substance which they call the Rocke and leaving his salt behinde it becomes fresh Sometimes we digged wels of fresh water within foure or five pases of the Sea-side sometimes further off The most part of them would ebbe and flow as the Sea did and be levell or little higher then the superficies of the Sea The aire is most commonly clear very temperate moist with a moderate heat very healthfull and apt for generation and nourishing of all things so that there is scarce any thing transported from hence thither but it yeelds a far greater encrease if it be any living thing becomes fatter and better-liking then here By this means the Countrey was so replenished with Hens and Turkies within the space of three or foure years that being neglected many of them forsooke the houses and became wilde and so lived in great abundance The like encrease there is of Hogs and other Cattle according to their kinds There seems to be a continuall Spring which is the cause that some few things come not to that maturity and perfection as were requisite And though the Trees doe shed their leaves yet they are alwayes full of greene The Corne is the same which they use almost in all parts of the West Indies to wit Maiz which to such as are used to it is more hearty and nourishing then our English Wheat and yeelds a farre greater encrease as a pound sometimes of one or two graines Of this Corne and divers other things without either plowing or digging the ground they have two harvests every yeare for they set about March which they gather in Iuly and again in August which is ripe in December And little slips of Fig-trees and Vines doe usually beare fruit in lesse then a yeare after they be planted sometimes in halfe a yeare The like fertility it hath in other things There is scarce at any time to be perceived either frost or snow nor any extream heat for there is almost alwaies some wind stirring which cleareth and cooleth the ayre Their Summers and Winters observe the same times with ours but their longest dayes nights are shorter then ours in England by two houres and almost a halfe as also their shortest dayes and nights are as much longer then ours for their longest dayes and nights are about fourteen houres and their shortest ten When it is Noone with us it is Morning with them and when it is about five of the clock in the Evening with us it is high noone with them so that whilst the Sunne declines with us it riseth with them as also it doth in Virginia It is apt to thunder and lightning all the yeare oft-times more terrible then in England but no man or other living creature have I knowne hurt by it There is no venomous creature in the Countrey the yellow Spider which is there making her web as it were of silke

and bringing forth her young as the Alchimists their stone of Egges like little balls of quick-silver is not perceived to be any whit venomous Yet there is a Plant that clymeth trees like Ivie the leafe also of the same colour but in shape like the Vine that is some-what venomous but of no great force There is great store and variety of Fish and so good that these parts of the World afford not the like which being for the most part unknowne to us each man gave them names as they best liked As one kind they called Rock-fish another Groopers others Progy-fish Hog-fish Angel-fish Cavallyes Yellow-tayles Spanish Makarell Mullets Breame Conny-fish Morrayes Sting-tayles Flying fish c. The like they did by the Fowle as Cohooes Sand Birds Herons Duck and Teale Pemlicoes Castle-boobies Hawkes c. The Countrey when we first began the Plantation was all over-growne with woods and Plants of severall kinds and to such kinds as were unknowne to us which were the most part we also gave names such as were known retaining their old names as Cedars Palme-toes Black-wood White-wood Yellow-wood Mulbery-trees Stopper-trees Laurell and Olive-trees Mangrowes Pepper-trees Yellow-berry-weed Red-weed These and many others we have naturally growing in the Countrey But since it hath beene inhabited there hath beene brought thither as well from the Indies as from other parts of the World sundry other Plants as Vines of severall kinds Sugar-canes Fig-trees Apple-trees Oranges Lymons Pomegranets Plantaines Pines Parsnips Raddishes Artichokes Potatoes Cassado Indico and many other In so much that it is now become as it were some specious Garden or Nurcery of many pleasant and profitable things Now if I should proceed to a more speciall Narration and speake of all these Plants Birds Fishes and other remarkable things particularly I could not but be much larger then were any waies expedient in this place Besides I have long since understood that Captaine Butler the Governour there resident hath undertaken to write of these and the like things a peculiar Treatise This therefore that is spoken touching the nature of the Countrey in generall shall suffice Only to give the Reader some taste and satisfaction in that kinde I will make choyse of two particulars whereof I will speake not so largely as the thing requires but so farre forth as will be meete and convenient in this place The first shall be the Tortoys which they call a Turckle which having some affinity and resemblance with Fishes Beasts and Fowles shall serve in stead of an History of them all The other shall be that which they call the prickled Peare-tree which participating in nature and resembling in some things Hearbes and in other Trees shall likewise serve in stead of the naturall History of them both And first of the Turckle not regarding for brevities sake the large discourses of others I will onely write what I have seen and known my selfe They are in the shape of their body like a Crab-fish and have foure ●innes they are as great as three or foure men can carry the upper part of them is covered with a great shell which we call a galley-patch weighing as I take it halfe a hundred weight that flesh that cleaveth to the inside of this being rosted against the fire is excellent meat almost like the marrow of Beefe but the shell it selfe harder then horne she hath also a shell on her belly not so hard but being boyled it becometh soft like the sinews or gristle of Beefe and good meat These live in the Sea spending the Spring-time and part of Summer about these Ilands but the residue of the yeare we know not where They are like to Fowle in respect of smalnesse and fashion of their heads and necks which are wrinckled like a Turkies but white and not so sharpe billed They also breed their young of Egges which they lay They resemble Beasts in that their flesh is like Veale but more hard and solid and they feed alwaies upon grasse growing at the bottome of the water neither can they abide any longer under water thē they hold their breath which the old ones will doe long but the young ones being chased to and fro cannot continue two minutes without coming up to breathe Shortly after their first coming in the Male and Female couple which we call cooting this they continue some three dayes together during which time they will scarce separate though a Boat come to them nor hardly when they are smitten Not long after the she-Turckle comes up by night upon some sandy bay and further up then the water useth to flow she digges a hole with her finne in the sand some two foot deepe and there coming up severall nights layes her egges some halfe a bushell which are about the bignesse of a Hens egge and round as a ball and each time covers them with sand very curiously so that a man shall hardly find the place These egges as it seemes are afterwards hatched by heat of the Sun and then by the providence of God the means as yet unknown to us are brought out of the earth for we could never perceive that she returnes any more to them and yet in likely-hood they remain not long in the earth after they are hatched because as I have before said they cannot live without breathing We sometimes see of the young ones no bigger then a mans hand which some fish will devoure They grow slowly and seeme to have a very long life they 'le sleepe on the top of the water and were wont to sleepe often on the land till the Countrey was peopled they will also live out of the water some three weeks and that without meat but mourne and pine a way they are wery witty Being on the land turned upon their backs they can no more without some helpe or advantage recover themselves by which means when they come on shore to lay their egges they are easily taken as also they are when they are cooting But otherwise we take them for the most part by night making a great light in a Boat to which they will sometimes swim and seldome shun so that a man standing ready with a staffe in his hand which hath at one end a socket wherein is an Iron lesse then a mans finger foure-square and sharpe with a l●ne fastned to it he striketh this Iron into the upper shell of the Turckle it sticks so fast that after she hath a little tyred her selfe by swimming to and fro she is taken by it They will live the head being cut off foure and twenty houres so that if you cut the flesh with a knife or touch it it will tremble and shrinke away There is no meat will keepe longer either fresh or salt But leaving these we will now come to speak of the prickled pears which are a fruit growing in these Ilands in such places as are scarce fit for any thing else namely upon rocks and cliffes and commonly by the Sea-side

Chinner Lewk CHIPPING NORTON Cha. Chisleyhampton Dor. Church Cowley Bulling Churchhill Chad. Chymney Bamp Clanfield Bamp Clare Pirt. Clatercott Banb. Cleydon Banb. Clifton Dor. Clifton Wot Cogges VVot Cokethorpe Bamp Coddington Plough Longe Combe VVot Coome Bulling Cote Bamp Cottesford Plough Cotten Banb. Temple Cowley Bulling Cowthorpe Banb. Crawley Bamp Cromish Battley Ewelm Cromish Gifford Lang. Cornewell Chad. Cropredie Banb. Crowell Lewk Cuckham Ewel Cuddesdon Bulling Cullam Dor. D Deane Chad. Deddington VVot Denton Bulling Dickley VVot Dorchester Dor. Dracot Ewel Drayton Blox Drayton Dor. Ducklington Bamp Dunse Tive VVot Dunsden Bin. E Elsfeild Bulling Emington Lewk Enesham VVot Enston Chad. Epwell Blox Esington Ewel Evenclods Flu. Ewelme Ewelm Eye Binf. F Faringdon little Bamp Fauler Banb. Fencott Bulling Fifeild Dor. Fifeild Chad. Finmore Plough Finscot Banb. Foresthill Bulling Fringford Plough Fritwell Plough Fullbrooke Chad. Fulwell Plough Fylkins Bamp G Garsington Bulling Gatehampton Lang. Glimpton VVot Godington Plough Godstow VVot Goldar Pirt. Goring Lang. Gossard VVot Grafton Bamp Grayes-Court Binf. Grayes Binf. Greenfeild Pirt. H Hampton Short Chad. Hampton Poyle Plough Hampton Gaye Plough Hanboro Long VVot Hanwell Blox Hardwick Plough Harecourt VVot Harwicke Bamp Haseley great Ewel Haseley little Ewel Haulton Bulling Hayley Bamp Heath Plough Heathorpe Chad. Heddington Bulling Hempton VVot HENLEY Hensington VVot Heyford Nether Plough Heyford warren Ploug. Hinton Lewk Holcombe Ewel Hollwell Bamp HOOKE NORTON Cha. Hordly VVot Horley Chad. Horton Chad. Horspath Bulling Horspenden alias Harding Binf. Horton Bulling Huddon Bamp I Ibsden Lang. Idbury Chad. Isley Bulling Ingeston Lewk Ipwell Dor. Isis Flu. Islipp Plough K Kellmiscott Bramp Kencott Bramp Kiddington Nether VVot Kidington Chad. Kidlington VVot Kingham Chad. Kirtlington Plough L Langley Chad. Lashbrooke Binf. Latchford Ewel Lawnton Plough Ledwell VVot Lefeild Chad. Lewe Bamp Lewkenor Lewk Lillingston lovell Plough Littlemore Bulling The Lye Banb. Lye South VVot Lye North. VVot Lyneham Chad. M Mangwell Lang. Mappleduram Gourney Binf. Mappleduram Chawes Lang. Marston Bulling Merton Bulling Middle Barton Wot Middle Aston Wot Middleton Stony Plou Milcombe Blox Milton Blox Milton Chad. Minster Lovell Chad. Mixbury Plough Moccott Bulling Mollington Blox More North Chad. Morecott Plough Morton Tame Mylton little Tame Mylton great Tame N Neithorpe Banb. Nettlebed Ewl. Newbridge VVot Newinton Ewel Newnham Murrin Lang. Newnham Courtney Bulling Newton Blox South Newton VVot Newton Pursell Plough Noke Plough Norton-brimer Bamp Norton-Over Chad. Nusfeild Ewel O Odington Plough Otmore Bulling Ouy Chapell Chad. OXFORD Wotton P Piddington Bulling Priton Pirt. Pisse hill Pirt. Poscombe Lewk Prestend Tame Priorate Brampt Pudicott Chad. R Ramsden Chad. Ricott Tame Rodcott-bridge Bramp Rotherfeild Grayes Binf. Rotherfeild Popper Binf. Rousham VVot Roll-rich-stones Wot Rowlwright great Chad. Rowlwright little Chad. S Sallford Chad. Sandford Bulling Sandford Heath Chad. Saresdine Chad. Scadham Tame Sewcott Plough Shelswell Plough Shirborne Pirt. Shilton Bamp Shifford Bamp Shiplake Binf. Shipton upon Charwell Wot Shipton Vnderwood Cha. Shotover Wood Bull. Shutford Banb. Sidenham Lewk Sommerton Plough Souldren Plough Southorpe Chad. Spilesbury Chad. Stanford VVot Stanlake Bamp Stanton S. Iohns Bulling Staunton Harecourt Wot Steple Aston VVot Stodham Dor. Stoke Line Plough Stoke Rue Lang. Stoke Stolemag Pirt. Stoke North Lang. Stoke South Dor. Stoken Church Lewk Stonesfeild VVot Stratton Audley Plough Swaclive Banb. Swerford Chad. Swinbrooke Chad. Swincombe Ewel Sybberds gore Blox Sybberds Ferries Blox Synett Bamp T Tackley Wot Tadmerton little Blox Tadmerton great Blox Tadlisthorpe Chad. Tamerton great Blox Tangley Chad. Tetsworth Tame Teynton Chad. THAME NEW Tame Thame old Tame Thame Parke Tame Thorpe VVot Thorpe Lang. Thoulkford Lewk Tiddington Bulling Tive little Wot Tive great Wot Tusmore Plough Tythorpe Lewk V Vpton Bamp W Walcott Chad. Warborro Ewel Wardenton Banb. Warrant Plough Warton Wot WATLINGTON Pir. Water Eaton Wot Waterpery Bulling Waterstocke Tame Weald Bamp Wendlebury Plough Westall hill Chad. Westcott Barton Wot Weston South Tame Weston North Tame Weston on the Greene Ploug. Westwell Bamp Whatley Bulling Whichwood Forrest Chad. Whitfeild Pirt. Whitchurch Lang. Wickam Banb. Wigginton Blox Wightill Wot Willcott Wot Williamscott Banb. WITTNEY Bamp Witch Chad. Wiveold Ewel Woodcott Lang. Woodeaton Bulling WOODSTOCKE W. Worton over Wot Worton nether Wot Wotton Wot Wroxstone Blox Wulvercott Wot Y Yarnton Wot Yellford Bamp GLOCESTER-SHIRE in the Saxons Tongue Gleaucesderschyre lyeth bordered upon the North with Worcester and Warwick-shires upon the East with Oxford and Wilt-shire upon the South altogether with Sommerset-shire and upon the West with the River Wye and Hereford-shire 2 The length thereof extended from Bristow upon the River Avon in her South unto Clifford upon another Avon in her North are about forty eight miles and her broadest part from East to West is from Lechlad unto Preston containing twenty eight the whole circumference about one hundred thirty eight miles 3 The forme whereof is somewhat long and narrow the Ayre thereof is pleasant sweet and delectable and for fruitfulnesse of soyle heare Malmesbury and not mee The ground of this Shire throughout saith he yeeldeth plenty of corn and bringeth forth abundance of fruits the one through the naturall goodnesse only of the ground the other through the diligent manuring and tillage in such wise that it would provoke the laziest person to take paines Here you may see the High-wayes and common La●es clad with Apple-trees and Peare-trees not engrafted by the industry of mans hand but growing naturally of their owne accord the ground of it self is so inclined to beare fruits and those both in taste and beauty far exceeding others and will endure untill a new supply come There is not any Country in England so thicke set with Vine yards as this Province is so plentifull of increase and so pleasant in taste The very wines made thereof carry no unpleasant tartnesse as being little inferior in sweet verdure to the French Wines the houses are innumerable the Churches passing faire and the Towns standing very thick But that which addeth unto all good gifts a speciall glory is the River Severne then which there is not any in all the Land for Chanell broader for Streame swifter or for Fish better stored There is in it a daily rage and fury of waters which I know not whether I may call a Gulfe or Whirle-poole of waves raising up the sands from the bottome winding and driving them upon heapes sometimes overflowing her bankes roveth a great way upon the face of her bordering grounds and againe retireth as a Conqueror into the usuall Chanell Vnhappy is the Vessell which it taketh full upon the side but the Water-men well ware thereof when they see that Hydra comming turne the Vessell upon it and cut thorow the midst of it whereby they checke and avoid her violence and danger 4 The ancient people that possessed this Province were the DOBUNI who spread themselves further into Oxford-shire But betwixt the Severne and Wye were seated part of SILURES or Inhabitants of South

good Peatling great good Peckleton spar Pickering grange spar Pickwell gart Plungar fram Prestwold east Q Quarendon west Quenby east Quenyborowe east R Ragdale east Ratbye spar Ratcliffe culie spar Ratcliffe upon Wreake east Raunston in Darbysh west Rearsbie east Redmore spar Redmyle fram King Richards feild spar Rodeley west Rotherby east Rowlston gart S Saddington gart Saltbie fram Sapcote spar Saxbie fram Saxulbie east Scallford fram Scechesley spar Scraptoste gart Segrave east Sence flu Sewsterne fram Seyston east Shakerston spar Shankton gart Sharnford spar Shawell good Shaxton spar Sheepie little spar Sheepie great spar Shenton spar Sheepes head west Sheresbye good Shilton spar Shouldby east Sibston spar Skeffington east Slawston gart Smeeto gart Snarston spar Snibston west Snyte flu Sproxton fram Stanton spar Stanton harold west Stanton wyvell gart Stanton under Barton spar Stapleford fram Stapleton spar Stathorne fram Stoke golding spar Stokerston gart Stonesbie fram Stony Stanton spar Stoure flu Stowghton gart Stretton great gart Stretton little gart Sumerbee fram Sutton good Sutton chenney spar Swannington west Swebston west Swift flu Swinford good Swithland west Sylebye east Sysesore east Sysonbee fram T Temple spar Theddingworth gart Thornton spar Thorpacre west Thorpe good Thorpe Arnold fram Thorpe sachfeld east Thrinkston west Thurcaston west Thurlston spar Thurmaston east Thurnby gart Thussington east Tilton east Toly Parke spar Tonge west Trent flu Tugby east Thurlancton gart Twicrosse spar Twyford east V Vlvescrosse Abbey west Vllesthorne good Vlveston gart Vpton spar W Walcot good WALTHAM on the wowld fram Walton good Walton on the wowld east Wanlipp west Wartnabie east Welbie fram Welham gart Welland flu Welsborow spar Westerby gart Wetherlye spar Whalton long west Wheston good Whittington grange spar Whitwike west Wigston little good VVigston great good VVikeham fram VVikin spar VVilloughbye waterlesse good VVilston west VViston gart VVithcorke fram VViverby fram VVoodhouse west VVorthington west VVreake flu VVykin east VVymondham fram VVynaswold east Y Ybstocke spar LINCOLN-SHIRE CHAPTER XXXII THe County of Lincolne by the English-Saxons called Lincoll-scyre and by the Normans Nicolshire is confined on the North with Humber on the East with the Germane Ocean upon the South is parted from Cambridge and Northamptonshire by the River Nine and on the West from Nottingham and Yorke-shires by Dun and Trent 2 The length of this Province extended from Barton upon Humber in the North unto Stanford upon the River Nine in the South are miles by our English measure fifty-five and the bredth thereof from Newton in the VVest stretched unto Winthorp upon her East Sea containeth thirty five The whole in circumference about one hundred and eighty miles 3 The Ayre upon the East and South part is both thicke and foggy by reason of the Fennes and unsolute grounds but therewithall very moderate and pleasing Her graduation being removed from the Equator to the degree of 53. and the windes that are sent of her still working Seas doe disperse those vapours from all power of hurt 4 The forme of this Countie doth somewhat resemble the body of a Lute whose East coasts lye bowe-like into the Germane Ocean all along pestered with in-lets of salt waters and sands which are neither firme nor safe for travellers as those in the South proved unto K. Iohn who marching Northward from Northfolke against his disloyall Barons upon those washes lost all his furniture and carriage by the sudden returne of the Sea and softnesse of the Sands 5 Her Soile upon the West and North is abundantly fertile pleasant and rich stored with pasturage areable and meadowing grounds the East and South Fenny and blackish and for Corne barren but for Fowle and Fish exceeding any other in the Realme wherein at some times and seasons of the yeere hath beene taken in nets in August at one draught above three thousand Mallards and other Fowles of the like kinde 6 The Shires commodities consist chiefly in Corne Cattle Fish Fowle Flax and Alablaster as also in a Plaister much esteemed of by the Romans for their works of Imagerie and whereof Pliny in his naturall History maketh mention And the Astroites a precious stone Star-like pointed with five beames or rayes anciently esteemed for their vertue in victories upon the South-west of this County neere Bever are found not far thence in our Fathers memory at Harlaxton was ploughed up a brasen vessel wherein was inclosed a golden Helmet of an ancient fashion set with precious stones which was presented to Katharin of Spain Wife and Dowager to King Henry the Eight 7 This Shire triumpheth in the births of Beaucleark King Henry the First whom Selby brought forth and of King Henry the Fourth at Bullingbrooke born but may as justly lament for the death of King Iohn herein poysoned by Simon a Monk of Swynsted Abby and of Queene Eleanor wife to King Edward the First the mirrour of wedlocke and love to the Commons who at Hardby neere Bullingbrooke his birth-place ended her life 8 Trade and commerce for provision of life is vented thorow thirtie one Market-Townes in this Shire wherof Lincolne the Counties namer is chiefe by Ptolemie and Antonine called Lindum by Beda Linde-collina by the Saxons Linoo collyne and by the Normans Nichol. Very ancient it is and hath beene more magnificall as by her many over-turned ruines doth appeare and farre more populous as by Domesdayes book is seene where it is recorded that this Citie contained a thousand and seven Mansions and nine hundred Burgesses with twelve Lage-men having Sac and Soc. And in the Normans time saith Malmesburie it was one of the best peopled Cities of England being a place for trafficke of Merchandise for all commers by Land or Sea Herein King Edward the Third ordained his Staple for the Mart of Wools Leather and Lead and no lesse then fiftie Parish-Churches did beautifie the same but now containeth onely fifteen besides the Cathedrall Some ruines yet remaine both of Frieries and Nunneries who lye now buried in their owne ashes and the Citie conquered not by warre but by time and very age and yet hath she not escaped the calamitie of sword as in the time of the Saxons whence Arthur enforced their Ho●t the like also did Edmund to the destroying Danes by the Normans it suffered some dammage where King Stephen was vanquished and taken prisoner and againe by the Third Henry who assaulted and wan it from his rebellious Barons By fire likewise it was sore defaced wherein not onely the buildings were consumed but withall many men and women in the violence thereof perished as also by an Earthquake her foundation was much weakened and shaken wherein the faire Cathedral Church dedicated to the Virgin of Virgins was rent in pieces The government of this Citie is committed yeerely to a Maior two Sheriffes twelve Aldermen in Scarlet a Sword a Hat of estate a Recorder Sword-bearer and foure Sergeants with Maces

4 The Soyle for the generalitie is not very fruitfull yet it produceth such numbers of Cattle of such large proportion and such goodly heads and hornes as the whole Kingdome of Spaine doth scarce the like It is a Countrey replenished with all necessaries for the use of man yeelding without any great labour the Commoditie of Corne Flaxe Grasse Coales and such like The Sea also adding her blessing to the Land that the people of that Province want nothing that serves either for the sustenance of nature or the satietie of appetite They are plentifully furnished with all sorts of Fish Flesh and Fowles Their principall fuell is Coale and Turfe which they have in great abundance the Gentlemen reserving their woods very carefully as a beautie and principall ornament to their Mannors and houses And though it be farre from London the capitall Citie of this Kingdome yet doth it every yeare furnish her and many other parts of the Land besides with many thousands of Cattle bred in this Countrey giving thereby and otherwise a firme testimony to the world of the blessed abundance that it hath pleased God to enrich this noble Dukedome withall 5 This Counties ancient Inhabitants were the Brigantes of whom there is more mention in the description of Yorke-shire who by Claudius the Emperor were brought under the Romane subjection that so held and made it their Seat secured by their Garrisons as hath beene gathered as well by many Inscriptions found in walles and ancient monuments fixed in stones as by certain Altars erected in favour of their Emperours After the Romanes the Saxons brought it under their protection and held it for a part of their Northumbrian Kingdome till it was first made subjugate to the invasion of the Danes and then conquered by the victorious Normans whose posterities from thence are branched further into England 6 Places of Antiquitie or memorable note are these the Towne of Manchester so famous as well for the Market-place Church and Colledge as for the resort unto it for clothing was called Mancunium by Antonine the Emperour and was made a Fort and Station of the Romanes Riblechester which taketh the name from Rhibell a little River neere lithero though it be a small Towne yet by tradition hath beene called the richest Towne in Christendome and reported to have beene the Seat of the Romanes which the many Monuments of their Antiquities Statues peeces of Coyne and other severall Inscriptions digged up from time to time by the Inhabitants may give us sufficient perswasion to beleeve But the Shire-town is Lancaster more pleasant in situation then rich of Inhabitants built on the South of the River Lon and is the same Longovicum where as we find in the Notice Provinces a company of the Longovicarians under the Lieutenant Generall of Britaine lay The beautie of this Towne is in the Church Castle and Bridge her streets many and stretched farre in length Vnto this Towne King Edward the third granted a Maior and two Bailiffes which to this day are elected out of twelve Brethren assisted by twenty-foure Burgesses by whom it is yearely governed with the supply of two Chamberlaines a Recorder Town-Clerke and two Sergeants at Mace The elevation of whose Pole is in the degree of Latitude 54. and 58. scruples and her Longitude removed from the first West point unto the degree 17. and 40. scruples 7 This Countrey in divers places suffereth the force of many flowing tydes of the Sea by which after a sort it doth violently rent asunder one part of the Shire from the other as in Fourenesse where the Ocean being displeased that the shore should from thence shoot a maine way into the West hath not obstinately ceased from time to time to flash and mangle it and with his fell irruptions and boysterous tydes to devoure it Another thing there is not unworthy to be recommended to memory that in this Shire not farre from Fourenesse Fels the greatest standing water in all England called Winander-Mere lieth stretched out for the space of ten miles of wonderfull depth and all paved with stone in the bottome and along the Sea-side in many places may be seene heapes of sand upon which the people powre water untill it recover a saltish humour which they afterwards boyle with Turfes till it become white Salt 8 This Countrey as it is thus on the one side freed by the naturall resistance of the Sea from the force of Invasions so is it strengthned on the other by many Castles and fortified places that take away the opportunitie of making Roades and Incursions in the Countrey And as it was with the first that felt the furie of the Saxon crueltie so was it the last and longest that was subdued under the West-Saxon Monarchie 9 In this Province our noble Arthur who died laden with many trophies of honour is reported by Ninius to have put the Saxons to flight in a memorable battle neere Douglasse a little Brooke not farre from the Town of Wiggin But the attempts of warre as they are severall so they are uncertaine for they made not Duke Wade happy in this successe but returned him an unfortunate enterpriser in the Battle which he gave to Ardulph King of Northumberland at Billangho in the yeare 798. So were the events uncertaine in the Civill Wars of Yorke and Lancaster for by them was bred and brought forth that bloudy division and fatall strife of the Noble Houses that with variable successe to both parties for many yeares together molested the peace and quiet of the Land and defiled the earth with bloud in such violent manner that it exceeded the horrour of those Civill Warres in Rome that were betwixt Marius aud Sylla Pompey and Caesar Octavius and Antony or that of the two renowned Houses Valoys and Burbon that a long time troubled the State of France for in the division of these two Princely Families there were thirteene fields fought and three Kings of England one Prince of Wales twelve Dukes one Marques eighteene Earles one Vicount and three and twentie Barons besides Knights and Gentlemen lost their lives in the same Yet at last by the happy marriage of Henry the seventh King of England next heire to the House of Lancaster with Elizabeth daughter and heire to Edward the fourth of the House of Yorke the white and red Roses were conjoyned in the happy uniting of those two divided Families from whence our thrice renowned Soveraigne Lord King Iames by faire sequence and succession doth worthily enjoy the Diademe by the benefit of whose happy government this Countie Palatine of Lancaster is prosperous in her Name and Greatnesse 10 I find the remembrance of foure Religious houses that have beene founded within this County and since suppressed both faire for structure and building and rich for seat and situation namely Burstogh Whalleia Holland and Penwortham It is

howd. Thorpe huns Thorpe Gillingw Thorpe Dic. Thorpe hangw Thorpe basset buc Thorpe row Aller Thoroby hangw Thorpp●●om hange Thaprow hangeast Throstenby Pick. THRVSK burdf. Thur●bie hangwest Thwate Hangwest Thywynge Dick. To●●●te● Lan. Tole●bie Lan. Tollerton bul Topclisse burd Toppy hill Lan. Toul●ho●pe buc The Towre Dic. Tranbie huns Tunstall hold Tunstell hangeast Turnton bridge Hal. V V●kerby Gillingeast Verby Lan. Vggelbarnby Whit. Vgthorpe Lan. V●●on Howd Vlston Burdf Vpsall burd Vplethun Lan. Vpstane halli Vpton hold W Wabu●●h●ll Hangw Waghe● hold Walwith hangw Walborne hangw Waldby huns Walden hangw Walgrave Pick. Wolkenton Provost Huns. Walkinton howd. Walton Baynt. Wanlas hangwest Wanford Dic. Wapley Lan. Waplinton Wilton Watlobie Gillinge Warthell bul Warter baynt Warton Wilton Wasland hold Wath halli Watlas hangeast Watles hangeast Waxham hold Weaverthorpe hold Weickliffe Gillingw Well hangeast Welborne Ryd Welborne bulm. Welburne burd Welham buc Welton Howd Welton hold Welton huns Welwicke hold Wensedale hangwest Wenslay hangw Westerdale Lan. We●●ow buc Westwarige buc Wherleton Castle Lan. Wharram in the street Buc. Whayston Gillingw Wheldrake Derw Whenby bul Whiteside hangw WHIT●Y Whit. Whitwel Gillingeast Whitwel bul Whereleton Lan. Wickham Ryd Wickham Pick. Wickham Abbey pic Wigginthorpe bul Wigginton bul WIGHTON Holm Wilbefosse Wilton Willerby Dick. Willerby huns Willitost holm Willowbe●ke flu Wilsted hold Wilsted hall hold Wilsthorpe dic Wilton Pick. Wilton Lan. Wilton Castle Lan. Wilton Bishops W●l Wintering hangw Winton Aller Wintringham buc Witton east hangw Witton west hangw Wiske flu VVoldnewton Dic. VVoodal hangw VVoodhal Derw VVoodhal park hanw VVomental Rydal VVansforth baynt VVasall Aller VVasall Lan. VVrelton Pic. VVressall holm VVulferton huns VVynestead hold VVythernwick hold VVythernsey hold VVyton hold Y Yafford Gillingw Yapham Wilton YARVM Lan. Ye●eley Pic. Yeareslay burd Yeastorpe Rydal Yeddingham buc Yeneiudale Wilton Yonckslee●e howd. YORKE bul Yorkes wade Wilton Youlthorph Wilt. Youre flu Yowton bul Yrton Pick. The Bishopricke of DVRHAM THe Bishoprick of Durham containeth those parts and Town ships that lye betwixt the River Tees and Derwent and all along the Germane-Seas It is neighboured on the North with Northumberland and their Jurisdictions parted by the River Derwent her West is touched by Cumberland Westmorland and from Staine-more divided by the River Tees and by the same water on her South from Yorkshire even unto the Sea and the East is altogether coasted by the Germane-Seas 2 The forme thereof is triangle and sides not much differing for from her South-East unto the West-point are about thirty miles from thence to her North-East and Tyne-mouth are likewise as many and her base along the Sea shore are twenty three the whole in circumference about one hundred and three miles 3 The Ayre is sharpe and very piercing and would be more were it not that the vapours from the German-Seas did helpe much to dissolve her ice and snow and the store of Coales therein growing and gotten doe warme the body and keepe backe the cold which fuell besides their owne use doth yeeld great commodities unto this Province by trade thereof into other parts 4 For soile it consisteth much alike of pastures arable and barren grounds the East is the richest and most champion the South more moorish but well inhabited her West all rockie without either grasse or graine notwithstanding recompenceth her possessors with as great gaine both in rearing up cattle and bringing forth coale whereof all this Country is plentifully stored and groweth so neere to the upper face of the earth that in the trod wayes the cart-wheeles do turne up the same Some hold their substance to bee a clammy kinde of clay hardned with heat abounding in the earth and so becoming concocted is nothing else but Bitumen for proofe wherof these Coales have both the like smell and operation of Bitumen for being sprinckled with water they burne more vehemently but with Oyle are quite extinguished and put out 5 The ancient Inhabitants knowne unto Ptolemie were the Brigantes of whom we have spoken in the Generall of Yorkshire they being subdued by the Romans after whom the Saxons made it a part of their Northumberlands Kingdome at first a Province belonging to the Deirians and enjoyed by Ella their first King afterwards invaded by the Danes and lastly possessed by the Normans whose site being so neer unto Scotland hath many times felt their fury and hath bin as buckler betwixt them and the English for which cause the Inhabitants have certaine freedomes and are not charged with service as other Counties are so that this with Westmorland Cumberland and Northumberland are not divided into Hundreds in those Parliament Rolles whence I had the rest which want I must leave for others to supply 6 Over this County the Bishops thereof have had the Royalties of Princes and the Inhabitants have pleaded priviledge not to passe in service of warre over the River of Tees or Tyne whose charge as they have alledged was to keepe and defend the corps of S. Cuthbert their great adored Saint and therefore they termed themselves The holy-worke-folkes And the repute of this Cuthbert and his supposed defence against the Scots was such that our English Kings in great devotion have gone in pilgrimage to visite his Tombe and have given many large possessions to his Church such were King Egfrid Aelfred and Guthrun the Danc Edward and Athelstan Monarch of England and zealous Canute the greatest of all who came thither bare footed and at Cuthberts Tombe both augmented and confirmed their Liberties This Saint then of nothing made Durham become great and William the Conquerour of a Bishoprick made it a County Palatine at that time William Careleph Bishop of the Diocesse pulled down the old Church which Aldwin had built and with sumptuous cost laid the foundations of a new wherein S. Cuthberts Shrine in the vacancie of the Bishops was the keeper of the Castle-keyes In the West of this Church and place called Gallile the Marble Tombe of venerable Beda remaineth who was borne at Iarro in this County and became a Monk at Weremouth whose painfull industries and light of learning in those times of darkenesse are wonderfull as the Volumes which he wrote do well declare And had the idle Monkes of England imployed their times after his example their founders expectations had not been frustrate nor those foundations so easily overturned But the revenge of sin ever following the actions of sinnes dissolved first the largenesses of this Counties liberties under the raigne of King Edward the first and since hath shaken to pieces those places herein erected under the raigne of King Henry the eight such were Durham Sherborne Stayndrop Iarro Weremouth and Egleton all which felt the reward of their idlenesse and wrath of him that is jealous of his owne honour 7 Things of rare note observed in this Shire are three Pits of a wonderfull depth commonly

high and very many which from the North notwithstanding are lessened as it were by degrees and towards the Sea-coasts the Countrey becommeth somewhat plaine which part is the best both for plentie of Graine and populous of Inhabitants The rest all mountaine is replenished with Cattle which is the best meanes unto wealth that this Shire doth affoord upon whose Hils you may behold whole Herds of them feeding and from whose Rocks most cleere springing waters thorow the vallies trickling which sportingly doe passe with a most pleasant sound and did not a little revive my wearied spirits among those vast mountaines imployed in their search whose infancy at first admitted an easie step over but grown unto strength more boldly forbad me such passage and with a more sterne countenance held on their journey unto the British Seas and Tave among these is accounted for a chiefe 4 Upon whose fall and East-banke the fairest Towne of all South-Wales is seated the Britains Caerdid the English Caerdiffe which Fitz-Haimon fortified with a Wall and Castle in the Raigne of King Rufus when he and his Norman Knights had overcome Rhese the Prince of these parts and thrust our Iestine from his lawfull possession This Towne he made his own Seat and Court of Justice enjoyning his Consorts to give aide to this honour and to hold their portions in vassallage of him Strong was the Castle as by the trust therein reposed may well appeare where the youngest brother Beauclark kept captive the eldest Curthose both of them sonnes to the Conquerour the space of twentie-sixe yeeres This Castle is large and in good repaire whence the Towne-wall went both South and East to the Rivers side thorow which foure Gates enter into the foure windes and contain in compasse nine hundred and twenty pases and along the River a sure defence upon her West side three hundred more so that the Towne containeth in circuit twelve hundred and fourescore pases But as the Tave is a friend to the Towne in making a Key for arrivage of shipping so is she a foe to S. Maries Church in the South with undermining her foundations and threatning her fall The Towne is governed by a Major yeerely elected out of twelve Aldermen assisted with other twelve Burgesses a Town-Clerke foure Constables and two Sergeants with Mace whose site is observed from the North-Starre to lie in the degree of Latitude 51. and 49. scruples and from the first point in the West 16. and 52. scruples 5 In the same graduation almost is sited the Citie Landaf wherein is a Castle and Cathedrall Church dedicated to S. Telean Bishop of the same without any other memorable matter worthy the speaking of 6 But things of strange note are these by the report of Giraldus who affirmeth that In a Rocke or Cliffe upon the Sea-side and Iland Barry lying neere the South-East point of this County is heard out of a little Chinke let him take heed what he saith the noise as it were of Smiths at their worke one whiles the blowing of Bellowes to increase the heat then the stroakes of the Hammer and sound of the Anvile sometimes the noise of the Grind-stone in grinding of Iron tooles then the hissing sparks of Steele-gads as they flie from their beating with the puffing noise of flames in a Furnace And whether this is the place whereof Clemens Alexandrinus speaketh I determine not where in his writings he hath these words They that have recorded Histories saith he doe say that in the I le of Britaine there is a certaine Hole or Cave under the bottome of an hill and on the top thereof a gaping Chinke into the which when the wind is gathered and tossed to and fro in the wombe or concavitie thereof there is heard above a sound of Cymbals for the winde being driven backe from his hole is forced to make a loud sound at her vent 7 More Westward from hence upon the River Ogmore and neere unto Newton in a sandy plaine about an hundred pases from Severne there springeth a Well though not of the clearest water where at the flowing and fulnesse of the Sea can hardly any water be gotten but at the ebbe and fall of tyde it walloweth up amaine The cause may be as Polybius reports of the like at Cadys wherein the windie aire when it is deprived of his wonted issues forcibly returneth shutting and stopping up the passages and veines of the Spring whereby the waters are kept in But contrariwise when the surface thereof is voyd and emptie of water the veines of the Source or Spring are unstopped and set free which then boyleth up in great abundance 8 And upon the same shoare more North and by West on the top of a hill called Minyd-Margan is erected a Monument inscribed with a strange Character and as strange a conceit held thereof by the by-dwellers whose opinions are possessed that if any man reade the same he shall shortly after die This Shire as it is the furthest Coast of South-wales and lay open to sorraine invasion so was it fortified with twenty five stronger Castles whereof times and stormes have devoured the most such were Barry Saint Doneits Denispowes Morlashe Meneshe Loghor Llāddeny Llāquian Oxwich Oystermouth Ogmor Pise Porkery Pennarth Winston Newcastle Caerfly Coche Peullyn Kethligarne Kenfeage Tallavan Treer and Cothy Neither was the County so ill seated for sufficiencie of life or barren of graine but that therein were planted places for divine pietie such were Neeth Margan and Caerdif besides the Episcopall See of Landaf which last still remaineth the other three suppressed among the fall of their like under King Henry the eight This Shire is divided into ten Hundreds wherein are seated sixe Market-Townes and one hundred and eighteene Parish-Churches as in the Card and Table annexed more at large appeareth GLAMORGAN SHYRE With the sittuations of the cheife towne CARDYFF and ancient LANDAFFE described ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Glamorgan-shire HUNDREDS in Glamorgan-shire 1. SWanzey 2. Llangevelach 3. Neath 4. Newcastle 5. Llantrissent 6. Caerfily 7. Ogmor 8. Cowbridge 9. Denispowys 10. Cardif A ABERAVON New Aberdare Llant. Aberpirgum Neath Aberthawe east Denis Aberthowe west Cow S. Androwes Denis Arthurs Buts hill Llant. Saint Athon Cow Avon Flu. B Bachhannis Island Swan Backinston Swan Baglane Neath Barry Denis Barry Island Denis Bettus Chappell New Beveerton Cow Bewpeere Cow Bishopston Swan Boulston Denis Capell Brathteare Caerf. Bredruckun Denis Parke Brewis Swan Saint Brides the great Ogmor Saint Brides the lesse Ogmor BRIDGEND New Saint Brides upon Hay Denis Brytton ferry Neath Burra Flu. C Cadoxton Denis Cadoxton Neath Caerfilly Castle Caerf. Canton Cardif Capell Krenant Neath CARDIFE Cardif Carnllayd Denis Cayreh Cardif Cheryton swan Clase Llant. Clementson Ogmor Cledaugh Flu. Cledaugh Flu. Coche Castle Caerf. Coidfranke Forest Lla Coidemerchan Parke Deni Cog Denis

Cogan Denis Coganpill Denis Coston Denis Cowlston Ogmor COWBRIDGE Cow Coytie Castle Newcast Coytchurch Newcast Cunnon Flu. D Denispowis Castle De. S. Donetts Welsh Cow Saint Donetts Ogmor Dredruckan Denis Dreergusse Denis Dulishe Flu. Dunraven Ogmor E Eghhelolid Denis Egloisbrywis Cow Egloissilan Caerf. Elay Flu. Elay Denis Ewenny Flu. F Saint Fagans Denis Faldray Caerf. Flimston Cow The Friers Cardif Funtgar Denis Funnum Denis G Saint Georges Denis Gilston Cow Capell Glodis Caerf. Glyncorruge Neath Gwennowe Denis H Hawood aport Chappell New Saint Hillary Cow The Holme swan I Illston Swan S. Iohns Swan Istradovodock Llant. Istradowen Cow K Kanfigg Castle Newcast Kelligate Caerf. S. Kennets Chappell Swan Kethligarne Castle Og. Kevenmable Cardif Kilibebyth Neath Kilvay Swan Knellston Swan Capell Krenant Neath L Laleston Newcast Lamadoke Swan Llanbeder ynro Denis Llanbethery Denis Llanblethran Cow Lancarvan Denis Lancod Denis Landaph Cardif Llandilotalibout Llang Llandewy Castle Swan Llandogh Cow Llandough Denis Landow Ogmor Landevodock Ogmor Llandydock Newcast Lanedeme Cardif Langan Ogmor Llangenyth Swan Llangevelach Llang Llanginor Ogmor Llangoned Newcast Llangug Llang Langwick Llan Llangibach Llang Llangyneware Newc. Lanhary Cow Lanharan Cow Llanihangell Covv Llanihangle Denis Lanissen Cardif Llanmadok Svvan Lannaes Covv Llannyenwere Svvan Llanquian Castle Covv Llanriden Llan Llanrydien Svvan Lansamlett Llan Lansannor Covv Llantrissent Llant. Lantrithed Denis Lantroitt Vairdrey Llant. Lantwit Covv Lantwyt Neath Lanvabon Caerf. Lanvedowe Caerf. Llanverock point Denis Lanwuo Llant. Llanyhangell Denis Llanyhylotalibout Svv. Llanyltiduandray Llan Llanylted Neath Lanylyd Covv Leckwith Denis Lisuaure Cardif S. Lithams Denis Louchor Castle Svvan Louchor Svvan Lloynigrat Cardif Lyswerney Covv Llystalabout Cardif M Marcroes Ogmor S. Mary Church Covv S. Maries hill Ogmor Margaiu Newcast Michalaston Svvan S. Michael Denis Michellston upon Avon Neat. Michellston in the pit Deni Michelston upon Elay Denis Mychellston Covv Meneche Castle Denis Merther Mawre Org. Mertherdevan Denis Merthir Caerf. Morgan Newcast Morlashe Castle Caer. Moulton Denis Mumbles poynt Svvan N Nashe little Covv Nashe great Covv Nashe poynt Covv NEATH Neath Neath vauchan Flu. Neath Abbey Llang Newcastle Newcast Newton Welsh Covv Newton Nottage New S. Nicholas Denis S. Nicholas Town Svv. Nolton Newcast O Ogmore Flu. Ogmore Castle Svvan Oystermouth Castle Svvan Oystermouth Svvan Oxwiche Svvan Oxwiche Castle Svva Oxwiche poynt Svva P Pendoyloni Covv Pengwerne Svvan Penmaen Svvan Penmarke Denis Pennarth Castle Svva Pennarth poynt Denis Pennarth poynt Svvan Pennarth Denis Pennarth Baye Denis Pennarth Svvan Penrees Svvan Penthery Llang Pentrich Llant. Peterston on the Mount Ogmor Peullyn Ogmor Pile Nevvcast Porteynon Svvan Portkirig Denis Peterston upon Elay Denis R Radyre Llant. Remgedro glytach Llang Resowlay Neath Reynalston Svvan Rompney Flu. Rosylly Svvan Roth Cardif Rowse Denis Ruddrye Caerf. S The Spittle Cardif Sully Denis SWANZEY Svvan Swanzey poche Svvan Syly Denis Sylye Island Denis T Tallavant Castle Covv Talygarn Llant. Tave Flu. Thevan Caerf. Thule Flu. Tilcot Cardif Tithegstowne Nevv Towye Flu. Treer Castle Covv W Walterstown Denis Webley Svvan Wenny Ogmor Wenuor Denis West-Gower Svvan Whitford poynt Svvan Whitchurch Caerf. Whitchurch Cardif Wicke Ogmor Winston Castle Denis Worleton Denis Wormeshead poynt Svvan Y Ycheloley Denis Ystradowen Covv MONMOVTH-SHIRE CHAPTER VI. MONMOUTH-SHIRE from Monmouth Town and that from monnowe-Monnowe-water bearing name is altogether inclosed on the North and is separated from Hereford-shire with the same River upon the East both it and Wye divides this Countie from Gloucester-shire The South-side wholly is washed by the Severne Sea and some of her West part by Rempney is parted from Glamorgan and the rest lyeth bordered upon by Breknock-shire 2 The forme thereof is Scallop-wise both long and broad shooting her North point to Llantony and her South to the fall of Rempney betwixt which two are twenty-foure English miles and from Chepstowe East to Blanagwent West are not altogether nineteene the whole in circuit draweth some what neer to seventy-seven miles 3 The Ayre is temperate healthfull and clear the soyle is hilly wooddy and rich all places fruitfull but no place barren The Hils are grazed upon by Cattle and Sheepe the Vallies are laden with Corne and Grasse never ungratefull of the Husbandmans paines nor makes frustrate his hope of expected increase whose springs abundantly rising in this County with many streames doe fatten the soyle even from side to side 4 Anciently the Silures inhabited this Shire whose chiefe Citie by the Emperour Antonine is named Venta Silurum by the Welsh Caer-went and was by Tathie the British Saint made an Academie and a divine place for worship So likewise Caer-lion now once Isca was where the second Roman Legion called Augusta lay as by their Coines Altars Tables and Inscriptions there found and daily therein digged up doth evidently appeare By the report of Giraldus in this Citie was the Court of great Arthur whither the Romane Embassadours resorted unto him and as Alexander Elsebiensis writeth therein was a Schoole of two hundred Philosophers skilfull in Astronomie and other Arts. Which is the more credible for that Amphibalus St. Albans instructer was therein born and Iulius and Aaron two noble Prot●-Martyrs of great Britaine in this Citie received the crowne of Martyrdome where their bodies were also interred But as all things finde their fatall period so this Citie for beautie circuit and magnificall respect is laid in the ruines of her own decay neither may any more lament the losse of glory then Monmouths Castle which captive-like doth yeeld to conquering time Her down-cast stones from those loftie turrets do shew what beautie once it bare standing mounted round in compasse and within her wals another mount whereon a towre of great height strength is built which was the birth-place of our Conquering Henry the great Triumpher over France but now decayed and from a Princely Castle is become no better then a regardlesse Cottage In this Town a beautifull Church built with three Iles is remaining and at the East end a most curious built but now decayed Church stands called the Monks Church In the Monastery whereof our great Antiquary Geffrey surnamed Manmouth and Ap Arthur wrote his History of Great Britaine whose pains as they were both learned and great so have they bred great pains among the learned both to defend and to disprove The Townes situation is pleasant and good seated betwixt the Rivers Monnowe and Wye three Gates yet stand besides that Tower or Lock of the Bridge and a Trench or tract of Wall running betwixt them on each side down to the River containing in circuit about eight hundred paces The Towne is in good repayre and well frequented governed by a Maior two Bailiffes fifteene Common Counsellers a Towne-Clerke and two Sergeants for their attendants It is in Latitude removed from the Equator 52. degrees and 8. minutes and from the West-point of Longitude is set in the degree 17.36 minutes Religious Houses erected and suppressed in this Shire

against but withall the unaccessible Mountaines wherewith this Shire is so over-pressed and burdened that many times I feared to looke downe from the hanging Rockes whereunder I passed into those deepe and darke dales seeming to me an entrance into Limbo Among these as say our Historians that hatefull Prince to God and Man Vortiger his Countries scourge and last Monarch of the British Bloud by fire from Heaven was consumed with his incestuous Wife for whom Ninius nameth the Countrey where in his Castle stood Guartiger-Maur of whose rubbish the Castle Guthremion was raised as some are of opinion Yet they of North-Wales will have his destruction and Castle to stand in their parts neere unto Beth-Kelleck whereof wee will further speake in the relation of his life Fatall was this place also to Llewellin the last Prince of the British race who being betrayed by the men of Buelth fled into those vast Mountaines of Radnor where by Adam Francton he was slaine and his head crowned with Ivy set upon the Tower of London 6 Places most worthy of note in this Shire are as ensueth The first is Radnor from whom the Countie receiveth her Name anciently Magi where the Commander of the Pascensian Regiment lay and thought to be the Magnos in Atonine the Emperors Survey This Towne is pleasantly seated under an Hill whereon standeth mounted a large and strong Castle from whose Bulwarke a Trench is drawn along the West of the Towne whereon a wall of stone was once raised as by the remaines in many places appeareth This Trench doth likewise inverge her West side so farre as the River but after is no more seene whose Graduation is observed to have the Pole elevated for Latitude 52. degrees and 45. minutes and for Longitude from the first point of the West set by Mercator 17. degrees and one minute Prestayn for beauteous building is the best in this Shire a Towne of Commerce wonderfully frequented and that very lately Next is Knighton a Market Towne likewise under which is seene the Clawdh-Offa or Offaes Ditch whose tract for a space I followed along the edge of the Mountaine which was a bound set to separate the Welsh from the English by the Mercian King Offa and by Egbert the Monarch a Law made by the instigation of his Wife that it should bee present death for the Welsh to passe over the same as Iohn Bever the Monke of Westminster reporteth and the like under Harald as Iohn of Salisbury writeth wherein it was ordained that what Welsh-man soever should bee found with any weapon on this side of that Limit which was Offaes Ditch should have his right hand cut off by the Kings Officers The fourth place for account is Raihadar Gowy who besides the great fall of Wye with a continuall noise hath her Markets there kept upon the Sabbath which I there observed and here note for an offence 7 Many Rivers arise and run thorow this Shire which were it not that the Hils so cluster together might make the soyle both fertill and fat Such are Teme Lug Ithon Clowdok Dulas Comarton Somegill Guithel Arro Machaway Edway Hawye Eland Clarwen and Wye besides other Loughs that stand betwixt the hills This Shire is divided into sixe Hundreds wherein are seated three Forrests foure Market-Townes sixe Castles and fifty two Parish-Churches as in the Table in the last Page of this Chapter Alphabetically are set and inserted THE COUNTIE OF RADNOR DESCRIBED AND THE SHYRETOWNES SITTUATIONE Anno 16●8 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Radnor-shire HVNDREDS in RADNOR-SHIRE 1 RAyader-Gowy 2 Knighton 3 Kevenllice 4 Radnor 5 Collowine 6 Painescastell A Aberdow Coll. Arro Flu. Augop Rad. B Banghwid Paines Bettas disserth Coll. Bigildi Knight BLETHVACH Keven Blethuach Forrest Keven Brongwine Paines Buttus Paines C Cascop Keven Castle Dynbod Knight Clarwen Flu. Clirow Paines Clowedoke Flu. Colwin Castle Coll. Colva Rad. Combehire Rayad. Comaron Flu. D Darnall Flu. Discodde Rad. Disserth Coll. Dullas Flu. E Ednall Rad. Edway Flu. Eland Flu. F Fuldibrok Rad. G Garthuagh Rayad. Glasbury Paines Glascomb Coll. Glastray alias Glawdiscre Rad. Glyngwin Rayad. Gwythell Flu. H Harton Rad. Hawye Flu. Hiop Knight I Ithon Flu. K Kevelles Castle Keven Kregrena Coll. Kinerton Rad. KNIGHTON Knight Knukles Forrest Knight Knukles Knight L Llanamro Knight Llanbaderney gareg Coll. Llanbaderne Keven Lanbadarne vynith Knight Llanbeder Paines Llanbester Knight Llandegley Keven Llandewy Knight Llandewy vach Paines Llandilo Paines Landrindod Keven Llanelweth Coll. Llangiallo Keven Llanihangell Keven Llanihangell yerholegan Rayad. Llanihangell Arro Paines Llanihangell Kevenllice Keven Llanihangell Nantmelan Rad. Llansanffred Coll. Llansanffred in Comotoieth Rayad. Llanstephan Paines Llanuereth Coll. Llanyere Rayad. Llowes Paines Lug Flu. Llynhoghlen Paines M Machway Keven Michaels Church Paines Monaghree Keven N Nantmell Rayad. Newcastle Rad. Newchurch Paines Norton Rad. P Painescastle Paines Pilim Keven PRESTEIGNE Rad. R Radnor old Rad. RADNOR new Rad. Radnor Forrest Rad. RAYADER-gowy Rayad. Rulen Coll. S S. Harmon alias Phistharmon Rayad. Standish Rad. Samegill Flu. T Teme Flu. W Whitten Keven Whitehall Knight Weston hall Keven Wye Flu. Y Ython Flu. CARDIGANS-SHIRE CHAPTER IX CARDIGAN-SHIRE in the Welsh called Sire Aber-Tivi is parted on the North from Merioneth-shire with the River Doui by the Plinillimon hils from Montgomery-shire in part of her East and the rest from Breknock-shire with the water Towy and with Tyvy altogether on the South from Caermarden-shire the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea 2 The forme thereof is horne-like bowing compasse long and narrow and growing wider still towards the North so that from Cardigan the Shire-Towne and uttermost point in the South unto the River Doui her farthest North bounder are thirtie two miles and from the head of Clarwen in the East to Aberysthwyth on her West the broadest part in the Shire are onely fifteene the whole in circumference is one hundred and three miles 3 The Aire is open and somewhat piercing the soile is hilly and Wales-like uneven yet more plaine and champion toward the Sea then in the East or North of the Land For besides that great and high hill called Plinillimon a continuall range of lesser doth shoote along yeelding in their vallies both goodly rich Pastures and very large Pooles which being assisted with Springs from the Rocks doe branch themselves as veines in the body and make fruitfull their passages unto the Sea In Tyvy one of these as Giraldus hath written the Beaver hath been found a creature living both by land and water whose stones the Physitians hold in great price His fore-feet are like unto a dog but the hinder whole skinned as is the goose the dog-like serve him on shore for tto runne and the goose-like as Oares give him swift motion in swimming his taile broad and gristly he useth as a sterne wherewith on the sudden he can