LICENSED BY Roger L'estrange Novemb. the 28. 1673. AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO NEW-ENGLAND Wherein you have the setting out of a Ship with the charges The prices of all necessaries for furnishing a Planter and his Family at his first coming A Description of the Countrey Natives and Creatures with their Merchantil and Physical use The Government of the Countrey as it is now possessed by the English c. A large Chronological Table of the most remarkable passages from the first discovering of the Continent of America to the year 1673. By John Josselyn Gent. Memner distich rendred English by Dr. Heylin Heart take thine ease Men hard to please Thou haply might'st offend Though one speak ill Of thee some will Say better there 's an end London Printed for Giles Widdows at the Green-Dragon in St. Paul's-Church-yard 1674. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE AND MOST ILLUSTRIOUS THE President Fellows OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY The following Account of Two VOYAGES TO New-England Is Most Humbly presented By the Authour John Josselyn To the Reader YOV are desired by the Authour to correct some literal faulis which by reason of the raggedness of the Copy have been committed G. Widdows ERRATA PAge 4. line 10. for So tler read Soâ—â—ler p. 8. l. 9. fâ—r fu'd r. iâ—'d p. 12. l. 28. for pound r. pint p. 15. l. 11. for Two pound r. Two shillings p. 16 l. 27. for hâ—ads r. steels p. 88. l. 3. to the 18 is misplaced it shou'd come in the next page in the beginning of the 10 l. aâ—ter contricute your belief p. 89. l. 14. for horns r. horn p. 89. l. 17. for lo r. law p. 97. l. 9 for this r. his p. 98. l. 13. for then r. still p. 110. for point r. joynt p. 114. l. 9. for it will r. that will p. 115. l. 2. for conveniam r. conveniant p. 132. l 7. for with r. in p. 153. for Auravia r. A raâ—ia p. 154. l. 11. for Longlace r. Lovelace p. 180. l. 9. r. true Religion p. 181. l. 16. for main travelling Women r. many strange Women some stops and points to are not right as p. 181. l. 4. the stop should be at onely so p. 181. l. 30. the stop should be after evil eye p. 201. l. 2. it must be at low water p. 191. l. 1. r. 1624. p. 197. l. 13. r. Tâ—aâ—â—oes p. 202. l. 17. r. Aconenticus p. 229. l. 21. for and r. who p. 252. l. 10. r. Thomas Dudâ—y Isaâ—â— Johnson Esquires p. 274. l. 13. and 14.1 Buccanâ—rs A RELATION OF TWO VOYAGES TO New-England The first Voyage ANNO Dom. 1638. April the 26th being Thursday I came to Gravesend and went aboard the New Supply alias the Nicholas of London a Ship of good force of 300 Tuns burden carrying 20 Sacre and Minion man'd with 48 Sailers the Master Robert Taylor the Merchant or undertaker Mr. Edward Tinge with 164 Passengers men women and children At Gravesend I began my Journal from whence we departed on the 26. of April about Six of the clock at night and went down into the Hope The 27. being Fryday we set sail out of the Hope and about Nine of the clock at night we came to an Anchor in Maâ—garet-Road in three fathom and a half water by the way we past a States man of war of 500 Tun cast away a month before upon the Goodwin nothing remaining visible above water but her main mast top 16 oâ— her men were drowned the rest saved by Fishermen The 28. we twined into the Downs where Captain Clark one of His Majesties Captains in the Navy came aboard of us in the afternoon and prest two of our Trumpeters Here we had good store of Flounders from the Fishermen new taken out of the Sea and living which being readily gutted were fry'd while they were warm me thoughts I never tasted of a delicater Fish in all my life before The Third of May being Ascension day in the afternoon we weighed out of the Downs the wind at E. and ran down into Dover Road and lay by the lee whilst they sent the Skiffe ashore for one of the Masters mates by the way we past Sandwich in the Hope Sandown-Castle Deal So we steered away for Doniesse from thence we steered S. W. ½ S. for the Beachie about one of the clock at night the wind took us a stayes with a gust rain thunder and lightning and now a Servant of one of the passengers sickned of the small pox The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored the Isle of Wight W.N.W. 10 leagues off Beachie E. N. E. 8 leagues off rode in 32 fathom-water at low water at 8 of the clock at night the land over the Needles bore N. W. 4 leagues off we steered W. afore the Start at noon the Boult was N. W. by W. about 3½ leagues off we were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the morning till 12 of the clock at noon where we took good store of Whitings and half a score Gurnets this afternoon an infinite number of Porpisces shewed themselves above water round about the Ship as far as we could kenn the night proved tempestuous with much lightning and thunder The Sixth day being Sunday at five of the clock at night the Lizard was N. W. by W. 6 leagues off and the Blackhead which â—s to the westward of Falmouth was N. W. about 5 leagues off The Seventh day the uttermost part of Silly was N. E. 12 leagues off and now we â—egan to sail by the logg The Eighth day one Boremans man a passenger was duck'd at the main yards arm for being drunk with his Masters strong waters which he stole thrice and fire given to two whole Sacree at that instant Two mighty Whales we now saw the one spouted water through two great holes in her head into the Air a great height and making a great noise with pussing and blowing the Seamen called her a Soutler the other was further off about a league from the Ship fighting with the Sword-fish and the flail-Flail-fish whose stroakes with a fin that growes upon her back like a flail upon the back of the Whale we heard with amazement when presently some more than half as far again we spied a spout from above it came pouring down like a River of water So that if they should light in any Ship she were in danger to be presently sunk down into the Sea and falleth with such an extream violence all whole together as one drop or as water out of a Vessel and dured a quarter of an hour making the Sea to boyle like a pot and if any Vessel be near it sucks it in I saw many of these spouts afterwards at nearer distance In the afternoon the Mariners struck a Porpisce called also a Marsovius or Sea-hogg with anâ— harping Iron and hoisted her aboard they cut some of it into thin pieces and fryed it tasts like rusty Bacon or hung Beef if not worse but the Liver
boiled and soused sometime in Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat About 8 of the clock at night a flame settled upon the main mast it was about the bigness of a great Candle and is called by our Seamen St. Elmes fire it comes before a storm and is commonly thought to be a Spirit if two appear they prognosticate safety These are known to the learned by the names of Castor and Pollux to the Italians by St. Nicholas and St. Hermes by the Spaniards called Corpos Santes The Ninth day about two of the clock in the afternoon we found the head of our main mast close to the cap twisted and shivered and we presently after found the fore-top-mast crackt a little above the cap So they wolled them both and about two of the clock in the morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Star-board quarter with a horrid crack The Eleventh day they observed and made the Ship to be in latitude 48 degrees 46 minuts having a great Sea all night about 6 of the clock in the morning we spake with Mr. Rupe in a Ship of Dartmouth which came from Marcelloes and now is Silly N. E. by E. 34 leagues off about 9 of the clock at night we sounded and had 85 fathom water small brownish pepperie sand with a small piece of Hakes Tooth and now we are 45 leagues off the Lizard great Seas all night and now we see to the S. W. six tall Ships the wind being S. W. The Twelfth day being Whitsunday at prayer-time we found the Ships trine a foot by the stern and also the partie that was sick of the small pox now dyed whom we buried in the Sea tying a bullet as the manner is to his neck and another to his leggs turned him out at a Port-hole giving fire to a great Gun In the afternoon one Martin Jvy a stripling servant to Captain Thomas Cammock was whipt naked at the Cap-stern with a Cat with Nine tails for filching 9 great Lemmons out of the Chirurgeons Cabbin which he eat rinds and all in less than an hours time The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke a great one and hoisted him aboard with his two Companions for there is never a Sharke but hath a mate or two that is the Pilot fish or Pilgrim which lay upon his back close to a long finn the other fish some what bigger than the Pilot about two foot long called a Remora it hath no scales and sticks close for the Shâ—â—kes belly So the Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon a small fish for his mate marching before him and guiding him which I have seen likewise The Seamen divided the Sharke into quarters and made more quarter about it than the Purser when he makes five quarters of an Oxe and after they had cooked him he proved very rough Grain'd not worthy of wholesome preferment but in the afternoon we took store of Bonitoes or Spanish Dolphins a fish about the size of a large Mackarel beautified with admirable varietie of glittering colours in the water and was excellent food The Fourteenth day we spake with a Plimouth man about dinner time bound for New-found-land who having gone up west-ward sprang a leak and now bore back for Plimouth Now was Silly 50 leagues off and now many of the passengers fall sick of the small Pox and Calenture The Sixteenth Mr. Clarke who came out of the Downs with us and was bound for the Isle of Providence one of the summer Islands the Spaniards having taken it a little before though unknown to Clarke and to Captain Nathaniel Butler going Governour they now departed from us the Wind N. W. great Seas and stormie winds all night The Seventeenth day the wind at N. W. about 8 of the clock we saw 5 great Ships bound for the Channel which was to the Westward of us about two leagues off we thought them to be Flemmings here we expected to have met with Pirates but were happily deceived The One and twentieth day the wind S. by W. great Seas and Wind fu'd our courses and tryed from 5 of the clock afternoon till 4 in the morning the night being very stormie and dark we lost Mr. Gâ—odlad and his Ship who came out with us and bound for Boston in New-England The Eight and twentieth day all this while a very great grown Sea and mighty winds June the first day in the afternoon very thick foggie weather we sailed by an inchanted Island saw a great deal of filth and rubbish floating by the Ship heard Cawdimawdies Sea-gulls and Crowes Birds that alwayes frequent the shoar but could see nothing by reason of the mist towards Sun-set when we were past the Island it cleared up The Fourteenth day of June very foggie weather we sailed by an Island of Ice which lay on the Star-board side three leagues in length mountain high in form of land with Bayes and Capes like high clift land and a River pouring off it into the Sea We saw likewise two or three Foxes or Devils skipping upon it These Islands of Ice are congealed in the North and brought down in the spring-time with the Current to the banks on this side New-found-land and there stopt where they dissolve at last to water by that time we had sailed half way by it we met with a French Pickeroon Here it was as cold as in the middle of January in England and so continued till we were some leagues beyond it The Sixteenth day we sounded and found 35 fathom water upon the bank of New-found-land we cast our our hooks for Cod-fish thick foggie weather the Codd being taken on a Sanday morning the Sectaries aboard threw those their servants took into the Sea again although they wanted fresh victuals but the Sailers were not so nice amongst many that were taken we had some that were wasted Fish it is observable and very strange that fishes bodies do grow slender with age their Tails and Heads retaining their former bigness Fish of all Creatures have generally the biggest heads and the first part that begins to taint in a fish is the head The Nineteenth day Captain Thomas Cammock a near kinsman of the Earl of Warwicks now had another lad Thomas Jones that dyed of the small pox at eight of the clock at night The Twentieth day we saw a great number of Sea-bats or Owles called also flying fish they are about the bigness of a Whiting with sour tinsel wings with which they fly as long as they are wet when pursued by other fishes Here likewise we saw many Grandpisces or Herring-hogs hunting the scholes of Herrings in the afternoon we saw a great fish called the vehuella or Sword fish having a long strong and sharp finn like a Sword-blade on the top of his head with which he pierced our Ship and broke it off with striving to get loose one of our Sailers dived and brought it aboard The One and twentieth day we met with two Bristow men bound for
fley'd they take them prettily they roost in the night upon some Rock that lyes out in the Sea thither the Indian goes in his Birch Canow when the Moon shines clear and when he is come almost to it he lets his Canow drive on of it self when he is come under the Rock he shoves his Boat along till he come just under the Cormorants watchman the rest being asleep and so soundly do sleep that they will snore like so many Piggs the Indian thrusts up his hand of a sudden grasping the watchman so hard round about his neck that he cannot cry out as soon as he hath him in his Canow he wrings off his head and making his Canow fast he clambreth to the top of the Rock where walking softly he takes them up as he pleaseth still wringing off their heads when he hath shin as many as his Canow can carry he gives a shout which awakens the surviving Cormorants who are gone in an instant The next Creatures that you are to take notice of are they that live in the Element of water Pliny reckons them to be of 177 kinds but certainly if it be true that there is no Beast upon Earth which hath not his like in the Sea and which perhaps is not in some part parallel'd in the plants of the Earth we may by a diligent search find out many more of the same opinion is the Poet who saith that it is Affirm'd by some that what on Earth we find The Sea can parallell in shape and kind Divine Dubertus goes further You Divine wits of elder dayes from whom The deep invention of rare works hath comâ— Took you not pattern of our chiefest Tooles Out of the lap of Thetis Lakes and Pools Which partly in the Waves part on the edges Of craggy Rocks among their ragged sedges Bring forth abundance of Pins Spincers spokes Pikes piercers needles mallets pipes yoakâ— Oars sails swords saws wedges razors rammers Plumes cornets knives wheels vices horns and hammers Psalm 104.25 26. In ipso mari magno spatioso illic reptilia sunt atque innumera animantia parva cum magnis Illic navea ambulant balaena quam formasti ludendo in eo And as the females amongst Beasts and Birds of prey for form and beautie surpass the males so do they especially amongst fishes and those I intend to treat of I shall divide into salt-salt-water fish and fresh-water fish The Sea that Piscina mirabilis affords us the greatest number of which I shall begin first with the Whale a regal fish as all fishes of extraordinary size are accounted of these there are as I have said in another place seven kinds the Ambergreese Whale the chieâ—est Anno Dom. 1668 the 17 of July there was one of them thrown up on the shore between Winter-harbour and Cape-porpus about eight mile from the place where I lived that was five and fifty foot long They are Creatures of a vast magnitude and strength The Royal Psalmist in the 148 psalm and the 7 verse makes mention of them Laudate Jebovam terrestria Cete Dracones as sâ—me traâ—slate it omnes abyssi And Moses in his history of Job Job 41.1 An extrahas balaenam hamâ— c. Whereby the subtlety of the Devil is shewed as also the greatness and brutishness of the Devil by the Elephant in the 10 verse of the foregoing Chapter In the book of Jonas prophecies we read of a great fish Jonah 1.17 Pararat autem Jehova piscem magnum â—ui obsorberet Jonam But whether this were a Whale or not is questioned by some In the head saith Mr. Parkinson the Herbalist of one only sort of Whale-fish is found that which is called sperma Caeti it lyes in a hole therein as it were a Well taken out and prest that the oyl may come out the substance is that we use for sperma Caeti and hath little or no smell the oyl smells strong See the rarities of New-England The Sea-hare is as big as Grampus or Herrin-hog and as white as a sheet There hath been of them in Black point-Harbour some way up the river but we could never take any of them several have shot sluggs at them but lost their labour The Sturgeon is a Regal fish too I have seen of them that have been sixteen foot in length of their sounds they make Isirglass which melted in the mouth is excellent to seal letters Sharkes there are infinite store who tear the Fishermens nets to their great loss and hinderance they are of two sorts one flat headed the other long snouted the pretious stone in their heads soveraign for the stone in a man so much coveted by the travelling Chirurgeon is nought else but the brains of the flat-headed Sharke With these we may joyn the Dog-fish or Thorn-hound who hath two long sharp prickles on his back The Sea-horse or Morse is a kind of monster-fish numerous about the Isle of Sables i. e. The sandy Isle An Amphibious Creature kill'd for their Teeth and Oyl never brings forth more than two at a birth as also doth the Soil and Manate or Cow-fish which is supposed to be the Sea-monster spoken of by Jeremy Lament 4.3 Etiam phocae praebent mammam lactant catulos suos So the Latins render it phoca a Sea-Calf or Soil The small Sword-fish is very good meat the Sea-bat or Sea-owl a kind of flying fish Negroes or Sea-Devils a very ugly fish having a black scale there are three sorts of them one a hideous fish another about two foot long of these I have seen store in Black-point Harbour in the water but never attempted to take any of them Squids a soft fish somewhat like a cudgel their horns like a Snails which sometimes are found to be of an incredible length this fish is much used for bait to catch a Cod Hacke Polluâ—k and the like Sea-fish The Dolphin Bonito or Dozado the ashes of their teeth mixed with honey is good to asswage the pain of breeding teeth in Children The Sea-bream Dorado or Amber-fish they follow ships as doth the Dolphin and are good meat The Mackarel of which there is choicefull plenty all summer long in the spring they are ordinarily 18 inches long afterwards there is none taken but what are smaller The liver-Liver-fish like a Whiting The Herrin which are numerous they take of them all summer long In Anno Dom. 1670. they were driven into Black-point Harbour by other great fish that prey upon them so near the shore that they threw themselves it being high water upon dry land in such infinite numbers that we might have gone up half way the leg amongst them for near a quarter of a mile We used to qualifie a pickled Herrin by boiling of him in milk The Alewife is like a herrin but has a bigger bellie therefore called an Alewife they come in the end of April into fresh Rivers and Ponds there hath been taken in two hours time by two men without any
Weyre at all saving a few stones to stop the passage of the River above ten thousand The Italian hath a proverb that he that hath seen one miracle will easily believe another but this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet instead of a belief with an Adulterate construction from those that are somewhat akin to St. Peters mockers such as deny the last judgement I have known in England 9 score and 16 Pikes and Pickarel taken with three Angles between the hours of three and ten in the morning in the River Owse in the Isle of Ely three quarters of a yard long above half of them they make red Alewives after the same manner as they do herrins and are as good The Basse is a salt water fish too but most an end taken in Rivers where they spawn there hath been 3000 Basse taken at a set one writes that the fat in the bone of a Basses head is his braines which is a lye The Salmon likewise is a Sea-fish but as the Basse comes into Râ—vers to spawn a Salmon the first year is a Salmon-smâ—lt The second a Mort The third a Spâ—â—il The fourth a Soar The fiâ—th a Sâ—râ—el The sixth a forket tail and the seventh year a Salmon There are another sort of Salmon frequent in those parts called white Salmons Capeling is a small fish like a smelt The Turtle or Tortoise is of two sorts Sea Turtles and land Turtles of Sea Turtles there are five sorts of land Turtles three sorts one of which is a right land Turtles that seldom or never goes into the water the other two being the River Turtle and the pond Turtle there are many of these in the brooke Chyson in the Holy land The ashes of a Sea Turtle mixt with oyl or Bears-grease causeth hair to grow the shell of a land Turtle burnt and the ashes dissolved in wine and oyl to an unguent healeth chaps and sores of the feet the flesh burnt and the ashes mixt with wine and oyl healeth sore legs the ashes of the burnt shell and the whites of eggs compounded together healeth chaps in womens nipples and the head pulverized with it prevents the falling of the hair and will heal the Hemorrhoids first washing of them with white-wine and then strewing on the powder Lobster which some say is at first a whelk I have seen a Lobster that weighed twenty pound they cast their shell-coats in the spring and so do Crabs having underneath a thin red skin which growes thicker and hard in short time The Indians feed much upon this fish some they rost and some they dry as they do Lampres and Oysters which are delicate breakfast meat so ordered the Oysters are long shell'd I have had of them nine inches long from the point to the toe containing an Oyster like those the Latines called Tridacuan that were to be cut into three pieces before they could get them into their mouths very fat and sweet The Muscle is of two sorts Sea muscles in which they find Pearl and river muscles Sea muscles dryed and pulverized and laid upon the sores of the Piles and hemorrhoids with oyl will perfectly cure them The Whore is a shell-fish the shells are called whores-eggs being fine round white shells in shape like a Mexico pompion but no bigger than a good large Hens-egg they are wrought down the sides with little knobs and holes very prettily but are but thin and brittle The Perriwig is a shell-fish that â—â—â—â—h in the Sands flat and round as a shovel-board piece and very little thicker these at a little hole in the middle of the shell thrust out a cap of hair but upon the least motion of any danger it drawes it in again Trouts there be good store in every brook ordinarily two and twenty inches long their grease is good for the Piles and clifts The Eal is of two sorts salt-water Eals and fresh-water Eals these again are distinguished into yellow bellied Eals and silver bellied Eals I never eat better Eals in no part of the world that I have been in than are here They that have no mind or leasure to take them may buy of an Indian half a dozen silver bellied Eals as big as those we usually give 8 pence or 12 pence a piece for at London for three pence or a groat There is several wayes of cooking them some love them roasted others baked and many will have them fryed but they please my palate best when they are boiled a common way it is to boil them in half water half wine with the bottom of a manchet a fagot of Parsley and a little winter savory when they are boiled they take them out and break the bread in the broth and put to it three or four spoonfuls of yest and a piece of sweet butter this they pour to their Eals laid upon sippets and so serve it up I fancie my way better which is this after the Eals are fley'd and washt I fill their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a little bruised and sow them up with a needle and thred then I stick a Clove here and there in their sides about an inch asunder making holes for them with a bodkin this done I wind them up in a wreath and put them into a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar so much as will rise four fingers above the Eals in midst of the Eals I put the bottom of a penny white loaf and a fagot of these herbs following Parsley one handful a little sweet Marjoram Peniroyal and Savory a branch of Rosemary bind them up with a thred and when they are boiled enough take out the Eals and pull out the threds that their bellies were sowed up with turn out the Nutmeg and Cloves put the Eals in a dish with butter and vinegar upon a chafing-dish with coals to keep warm then put into the broth three or four spoonfuls of good Ale-yeast with the juice of half a Lemmon but before you put in your yeast beat it in a porringer with some of the broth then break the crust of bread very small and mingle it well together with the broth pour it into a deep dish and garnish it with the other half of the Lemmon and so serve them up to the Table in two dishes The Frost fish is little bigger than a Gudgeon and are taken in fresh brooks when the waters are frozen they make a hole in the Ice about half a yard or yard wide to which the fish repair in great numbers where with small nets bound to a hoop about the bigness of a fiskin-hoop with a staff fastned to it they lade them out of the hole I have not done with the fish yet being willing to let you know all of them that are to be seen and catch'd in the Sea and fresh waters in New-England and because I will not tire your patience overmuch having no occasion to enlarge my discourse I shall only name them and
17 0 One long piece five foot or five and a half near Musket bore 1 2 0 One Sword 0 5 0 One Bandaleer 0 1 6 One Belt 0 1 0 Twenty pound of powder 0 18 0 Sixty pound of shot or lead pistol and Goose shot 0 5 0 Tools for a Family of Six persons and so after the rate for more Five broad howe 's at two shillings a piece 0 10 0 Five narrow howe 's at 16 pence a piece 0 6 8  l. s. d. Five felling Axes at 18 pence a piece 0 7 6 Two steel hand sawes at 16 pence the piece 0 2 8 Two hand-sawes at 5 shillings a piece 0 10 0 One whip saw set and filed with box 0 10 0 A file and wrest 0 0 10 Two Hammers 12 pence a piece 0 2 0 Three shovels 18 pence a piece shod 0 4 6 Two spades 18 pence a piece 0 3 0 Two Augars 0 1 0 Two broad Axes at 3 shillings 8 pence a piece 0 7 4 Six Chissâ—ls 0 3 0 Three Gimblets 0 0 6 Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece 0 3 6 Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece 0 3 0 Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece 0 3 4 Nails of all sorts to be valued 2 0 0 Two pick-Axes 0 3 0 Three Locks and 3 pair of Fetters 0 5 10 Two Currie Combs 0 0 11 For a Brand to brand Beasts with 0 0 6 For a Chain and lock for a Boat 0 2 2 For a Coulter weighing 10 pound 0 3 4 For a Hand-vise 0 2 6  l. s. d. For a Pitch-fork 0 1 4 For one hundred weight of Spikes 2 5 0 Nails and pins 120 to the hundred    For a share 0 2 11 Houshould Implements for a Family of six persons and so for more or less after the rate One Iron Pot 0 7 0 For one great Copper Kettle 2 0 0 For a small Kettle 0 10 0 For a lesser Kettle 0 6 0 For one large Frying-pan 0 2 6 For a small Frying-pan 0 1 8 For a brass Morter 0 3 0 For a Spit 0 2 0 For one Grid-Iron 0 1 0 For two Skillets 0 5 0 Platters dishes spoons of wood 0 4 0 For Sugar Spice and fruits at Sea for six men 0 12 10 The fraught will be for one man half a Tun. Having refreshed my self for a day or â—wo upon Noddles-Island I crossed the Bay â—in a small Boat to Boston which then was â—ather a Village than a Town there being not above Twenty or thirty houses and presenting my respects to Mr. Winthorpe the Governour and to Mr. Cotton the Teacher of Boston Church to whom I delivered from Mr. Francis Quarles the poet the Translation of the 16 25 51 88 113 and 137. Psalms into English Meeter for his approbation being civilly treated by all I had occasion to converse with I returned in the Evening to my lodging The Twelfth day of July after I had taken my leave of Mr. Maverick and some other Gentlemen I took Boat for the Eastern parts of the Countrie and arrived at Black point in the Province of Main which is 150 miles from Boston the Fourteenth day which makes my voyage 11 weeks and odd dayes The Countrey all along as I sailed being no other than a meer Wilderness here and there by the Sea-side a few scattered plantations with as few houses About the Tenth of August I hapned to walk into the Woods not far from the Sea-side and falling upon a piece of ground over-grown with bushes called there black Currence but distring from our Garden Currence they being ripe and hanging in lovâ—â—y bunches I set up my piece against a â—â—â—â—ly Oake with a resolution to fill my belly being near half a mile from the house of a sudden I heard a hollow thumping noise upon the Rocks approaching towards me which made me presently to recover my piece which I had no sooner cock'd than a great and grim over-grown she-Wolf appears at whom I shot and finding her Gor-belly stuft with flesh newly taken in I began presently to suspect that she had fallen foul upon our Goats which were then valued our she Goats at Five pound a Goat Therefore to make further discovery I descended it being low water upon the Sea sands with an intent to walk round about a neck of land where the Goats usually kept I had not gone far before I found the footing of two Wolves and one Goat betwixt them whom they had driven into a hollow betwixt two Rocks hither I followed their footing and perceiving by the Crowes that there was the place of slaughter I hung my piece upon my back and upon all four clambered up to the top of the Rock where I made ready my piece and shot at the dog Wolf who was feeding upon the remainder of the Goat which was only the fore shoulders head and horns the rest being devoured by the she-Wolf even to the very hair of the Goat and it is very observable that when the Wolves have kill'd a Beast or a Hog not a Dog-Wolf amongst them offers to eat any of it till the she-Wolves have fill'd their paunches The Twenty fourth of September being Munday about 4 of the clock in the afternoon a fearful storm of wind began to rage called a Hurricane It is an impetuous wind that goes commonly about the Compass in the space of 24 hours it began from the W. N. W. and continued till next morning the greatest mischief it did us was the wracking of our Shallop and the blowing down of many tall Trees in some places a mile together December the Tenth happened an Eclipse of the Moon at 8 of the clock at night it continued till after 11 as near as we could guess in old England it began after midnight and continued till 4 of The clock in the morning if Seamen would make observation of the time either of the beginning or ending of the Eclipse or total darkness of Sun and Moon in all places where they shall happen to be and confer their observations to some Artist hereby the longitude of all places might be certainly known which are now very uncertainly reported to us 1639. May which fell out to be extream hot and foggie about the middle of May I kill'd within a stones throw of our house above four score Snakes some of them as big as the small of my leg black of colour and three yards long with a sharp horn on the tip of their tail two inches in length June the Six and twentieth day very stormie Lightning and Thunder I heard now two of the greatest and fearfullest thunder-claps that ever were heard I am confident At this time we had some neighbouring Gentlemen in our house who came to welcome me into the Countrey where amongst variety of discourse they told me of a young Lyon not long before kill'd at Piscataway by an Indian af a Sea Serpeut or Snake that lay quoiled up like a Cable
of America which together with Virginia Mary land and Nova-scotia were by the Indians called by one name Wingadacoa after the discovery by Sir Walter Rawleigh they were named Virginia and so remained untiil King James divided the Countrey into Provinces New-England then is all that tract of land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and 46 that is from De-la-ware-Bay to New-found-land some will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King Jame's Letters Patents to the Council of Plimouth in Devonshire from 40 to 48 of the same latitude it is judged to be an Island surrounded on the North with the spacious River of Canada on the South with Mahegan or Hudsons River having their rise as it is thought from two great lakes not far off one another the Sea lyes East and South from the land and is very deep some say that the depth of the Sea being measured with line and plummet seldom exceeds two or three miles excâ—pt in some places near the Swevian-shores and about Pontus observed by Pliny Sir Francis Drake threw out 7 Hogsheads of line near Porto-bello and sound no bottom but whether this be true or no or that they were deceived by the Currants carrying away their lead and line this is certainly true that there is more Sea in the Western than the Eastern Hemisphere on the shore in more places than one at spring-tides that is at the full or new of the moon the Sea riseth 18 foot perpendicular the reaâ—on of this great flow of waters I refer to the â—earned onely by the way I shall acquaint you â—ith two reasons for the ebbing and flowâ—ng of the Sea the one delivered in Common conference the other in a Sermon at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay by an eminent man The first was that God and his spirit â—oving upon the waters caused the motion â—he other that the spirit of the waters gathered â—he waters together as the spirit of Christ gathered Souls The shore is Rockie with high cliffs â—aving a multitude of considerable Harâ—ours many of which are capacious â—nough for a Navy of 500 sail one of a â—housand the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious full of tall wood onâ— stately mountain there is surmounting the 〈◊〉 about four score mile from the Sea The description of it you have in my rarities of New-England between the mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as â—ver eye beheld besâ—t on each side with variety of goodly Trees the grass man-high unmowed uneaten and uselâ—sly withering within these valleys are spacious lakes or ponds well stored with Fish and Beavers the original of all the great Rivers in the Countrie of which there are many with lesser streams wherein are an infinite of fish manifesting the goodness of the soil which is black red-clay gravel sand loom and very deep in some places as in the valleys and swamps which are low grounds and bottoms infinitely thick set with Trees and Bushes of all sorts for the most part others having no other shrub or Tree growing but spruse under the shades whereof you may freely walk two or three mile together being goodly large Trees and convenient for masts and sail-yards The whole Countrie produceth springs in abundance replenished with excellent waters having all the properties ascribed to the best in the world Swift is' t in pace light poiz'd to look in clear And quick in bâ—iling which esteemed were Such qualities as rightly understood Withouten these no water could be good One Spring there is at Black-point in the Province of Main coming out of muddy-clay that will colour a spade as if hatcht with silver it is purgative and cures scabs and Itch c. The Mountains and Rocky Hills are richly surnished with mines of Lead Sâ—lver Copper Tin and divers sorts of minerals â—ranching out even to their summits where â—n small Crannies you may meet with threds of perfect silver yet have the English no â—naw to open any of them whether out of â—gnorance or fear of bringing a forraign Enemy upon them or like the dog in the manger to keep their Soveraign from parâ—aking of the benefits who certainly may claim an interest in them as his due being eminently a gift proceeding from divine bounty to him PLACE = marg Isa 45.3 no person can pretend interest in Gold Silver or Copper by the law of Nations but the Soveraign Prince but the subjects of our King have a right to mines discovered in their own Lands and inheritances So as that every tenth Tun of such Oar is to be paid to the proprieters of such lands and not to the state if it be not a mine-Royal if it prove to be a mine-Royal every fifth Tun of all such Oar as shall hold Gold or Silver worth refining is to be rendered to the King The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long since concluded that alihough the Gold or Silver conteined in the base mettals of a mine in the land of a Subjâ—ct be of less value than the baser mettal yet if the Gold or Silver do countervail the charge of refining it or be more worth than the base mettal spent in refining it that then it is a mine-Royal and as well the base mettal as the Gold anâ— Silver in it belongs by prerogative to thâ— Crown The stones in the Countrey are for thâ— most mettle-stone free-stone pebble slate none that will run to lime of which they have great want of the slate you may make Tables easie to be split to the thickness of an inch or thicker if you please and long enough for a dozen men to sit at Pretious stones there are too but if you desire to know further of them see the Rarities of New-England onely let me add this observation by the way that Crystal set in the Sun taketh fire and setteth dry Tow or brown Paper on fire held to it There is likewise a sort of glittering sand which is altogether as good as the glassie powder brought from the Indies to dry up Ink on paper newly written The climate is reasonably temperate hotter in Summer and colder in Winter than with us agrees with our Constitutions better than hotter Climates these are limbecks to our bodies forraign heat will extract the inward and adventitions beat consume the natural so much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat of the Sun so much more wants he the same inwardly which is one reason why they are able to receive more and larger draughts of Brandy the like strong spirits than in England without offence Cold is less tolerable than heat this a friend to nature that an enemy Many are of opinion that the greatest enemies of life consisting of heat and moisture is cold and dryness the extremity of cold is more easie to be endured than extremity of heat the violent sharpness of winter than the fiery raging of Summer To conclude they are both bad too much heat brings a hot
fancie therefore of no necessary consequence and would produce only opinion A friend of mine shewed me a small Treatise written and printed in the Massachusets-Bay by B. D. Intituled An Astronomical description of the late Comet or Blazing-Star as it appeared in New England in the Niâ—th Tâ—nth Eleventh and the beginning oâ— the Twelfth moneth 1664. printed at Cambridge by Samuel Green 1665. An ingenious piâ—ce but because I could not perswadâ— my friend to part with it I took out some short notes being straitned in time which are as followes Comets are distinguished in respect of their figure according to the divers aspects of the Sun into Barbate Caudate and Crinite 1. When the stream like a beard goes before the body 2. When the stream followes the body 3. When the stream goes right up into the Heavens A Comet is said to be Vertical to any people when the body of the Comet passeth over their heads The light of the Comet alters and varies according to the diverse Aspects of the Sun enlightning it Some took notice of it in the beginning of November In Anno Dom. 1668. July the Fifteenth happened an Eclipse of the moon from 9 of the clock at night till after 11 digits 9 and 35 minutes In November following appeared a Star between the horns of the Moon in the midst In Anno Dom. 1669. about the middle of June at 4 of the clock in the afternoon appeared a Rain-bow reverst and at night about 10 of the clock we had a Lunar Rain-bow The Indians so far as I could perceive have but little knowledge of the Stars and Planets observing the Sun and Moon only the dividers of time into dayes and years they being nearer to the Equinoctial-line by 10 degrees have their dayes and nights more equally divided being in Summer two hours shorter in Winter two hours longer than they are in England The 11 of June the Sun riseth at 4 and 26 minuâ—es and setteth at 7 34 minutes in December the 13 the shortest day the Sun riseth at 7 and 35 minutes and setteth at 4 and 27 minutes Mid March their Spring begins in April they have Rain aâ—d Thunder So again at Michaelmas about which season they have either before Michaelmas or after outrageous storms of Wind and Rain It 's observable that there is no part of the World which hath not some certain times of our-rageous storms We have upon our Coast in England a Michaelmas flaw that seldom fails in the West-Indies in August and September the forcible North-wind which though some call Tuffins or Hurricanes we must distinguish for a right Hurricane is as I have said before an impetuous wind that goes about the Compass in the space of 24 hours in such a storm the Lord Willoughby of Parham Governour of the Barbadoes was cast away going with a Fleet to recover St. Christophers from the French Anno Dom. 1666. July Cold weather begins with the middle of November the winter's perpetually freezing insomuch that their Rivers and salt-Bayes are frozen over and passable for Men Horse Oxen and Carts Aequore cum gelido zephyrus ferâ— xenia Cymbo The North-west wind is the sharpest wind in the Countrie In England most of the cold winds and weathers come from the Sea and those seats that are nearest the Sea-coasts in England are accounted unwholsome but not so in New England for in the extremity of winter the North-East and South-wind coming from the Sea produceth warm weather only the North-West-wind coming over land from the white mountains which are alwayes except in August covered with snow is the cause of extream cold weather alwayes accompanied with deep snowes and bitter frosts the snow for the most part four and six foot deep which melting on the superficies with the heat of the Sun for the most part shining out clearly every day and freezing again in the night makes a crust upon the snow sufficient to bear a man walking with snow-shoos upon it And at this season the Indians go forth on hunting of Dear and Moose twenty thirty forty miles up into the Countrie Their Summer is hot and dry proper for their Indian Wheat which thrives best in a hot and dry season the skie for the most part Summer and Winter very clear and serene if they see a little black cloud in the North-West no bigger than a man may cover with his Hat they expect a following storm the cloud in short time spreading round about the Horizon accompanied with violent gusts of wind rain and many times lightning and terrible thunder In all Countries they have observations how the weather will fall out and these rules following are observable in New-England If the Moon look bright and fair look for fair weather also the appearing of one Rainbow after a storm is a known sign of fair weather if mists come down from the Hills or descend from the Heavens and settle in the valleys they promise fair hot weather mists in the Evening shew a fair hot day on the morrow the like when mists rise from waters in the Evening The obscuting of the smaller Stars is a certain sign of Tempests approaching the oft changing of the wind is also a fore-runner of a storm the resounding of the Sea from the shore and murmuring of the winds in the woods without apparent wind sheweth wind to follow shooting of the Stars as they call it is an usual sign of wind from that quarter the Star came from So look whether the resounding of the Sea upon the shore be on the East or West side of the dwelling out of that quarter will the wind proceed the next day The redness of the sky in the morning is a token of winds or rain or both if the Circles that appear about the Sun be red and broken they portend wind if thick and dark wind snow and rain the like may be said of the Circles about the moon If two rainbowâ—s appear they are a sign of rain If the Sun or Moon look pale look for rain if a dark cloud be at Sun rising in which the Sun soon after is hid it will dissolve it and rain will follow nebula ascendens indicat imbres nebula descendens serenitatem If the Sun seem greater in the East than in the West about Sun-setting and that there appears a black cloud you may expect rain that night or the day following Serò rubens Coelum cras indicat esse serenum Sed si mane rubet venturos indicat Imbres To conclude if the white hills look clear and conspicuous it is a sign of fair weather if black and cloudy of rain if yellow it is a certain sign of snow shortly to ensue In Anno Dom. 1667. March appeared a sign in the Heavens in the form of a Sphear pointing directly to the West and in the year following on the third day of April being Friday there was a terrible Earthquake before that a very great one in 1638. and another in
wine or water Herba-paris one berry herb true love or four-leaved night-shade the leaves are good to be laid upon hot tumours Vmbiticus veneris or New-England daisie it is good for hot humours Erisipelas St. Anthonie's fire all inflammations Glass-wort a little quantity of this plant you may take for the Dropsie but be very careful that you take not too much for it worketh impetuously Water-plantane called in New-England water Suck-leaves and Scurvie-leaves you must lay them whole to the leggs to draw out water between the skin and the flesh Rosa-solis Sun-dew moor-grass this plant I have seen more of than ever I saw in my whole life before in England a man may gather upon some marish-grounds an incrâ—dible quantity in a short time towards the middle of June it is in its season for then its spear is shot out to its length of which they take hold and pull the whole plant up by the roots from the moss with case Amber-greese I take to be a Mushroom see the rarities of New-England Monardus writeth that Amber greese riseth out of a certain clammy and bituminous earth under the Seas and by the Sea-side the billows casting up part of it a land and fish devour the rest Some say it is the seed of a Whale others that it springeth from fountains as pitch doth which fishes swallow down the air congealeth it And sometimes it is found in the crevises and corners of Rocks Fuss-balls Mullipuffes called by the Fishermen Wolves-farts are to be found plentifully and those bigger by much than any I have seen in England Coraline there is infinite store of it cast upon the shore and another plant that is more spinie of a Red colour and as hard as Corral Coraline laid to the gout easeth the pain Sea-Oake or wreach or Sea-weed the black pouches of Oâ—r-weed dryed and pulverized and drunk with White-wine is an excellent remedy for the stone I will finish this part of my relation concerning plants with an admirable plant for the curing and taking away of Corns which many times sore troubleth the Traveller it is not above a handful high the little branches are woodie the leaves like the leaves of Box but broader and much thicker hard and of a deep grass-green colour this bruised or champt in the mouth and laid upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night And observe all Indian Trees and plants their Roots are but of small depth and so they must be set Of Beasts of the earth there be scarce 120 several kinds and not much more of the Fowls of the Air is the opinion of some Naturalists there are not many kinds of Beasts in New-England they may be divided into Beasts of the Chase of the stinking foot as Roes Foxes Jaccals Wolves Wild-cats Racoons Porcupines Squncks Musquashes Squirrels Sables and Mattrises and Beasts of the Chase of the sweet foot Buck Red Dear Rain Dear Elke Marouse Maccarib Bear Beaver Otter Marten Hare The Roe a kind of Deer and the fleetest Beast upon earth is here to be found and is good venison but not over fat The Fox the male is called a dog-fox the female a bitch-fox they go a clicketing the beginning of the spring and bring forth their Cubs in May and June There are two or three kinds of them one a great yellow Fox another grey who will climb up into Trees the black Fox is of much esteem Foxes and Wolves are usually hunted in England from Holy-Rood day till the Annunciation In New-England they make best sport in the depth of winter they lay a sledg-load of Cods-heads on the other side of a paled fence when the moon shines and about nine or ten of the clock the Foxes come to it sometimes two or three or half a dozen and more these they shoot and by that time they have cased them there will be as many So they continue shooting and killing of Foxes as long as the moon shineth I have known half a score kill'd in one night Their pisles are bonie like a doggs their fat liquified and put into the ears easeth the pain their tails or bushes are very fair ones and of good use but their skins are so thin yet thick set with deep â—urr that they will hardly hold the dressing Jaccals there be abundance which is a Creature much like a Fox but smaller they â—re very frequent in Palaestina or the Holy-â—and The Wolf seeketh his mate and goes a â—licketing at the same season with Foxes and bring forth their whelps as they do but â—heir kennels are under thick bushes by great Trees in remote places by the swamps he is to be hunted as the Fox from Holyâ—ood day till the Annunciation But there they have a quicker way to destroy them See New-England rarities They commonly go in routs a rout of Wolves is 12 or more sometimes by couples In 1664. we sound a Wolf asleep in a small dry swamp under an Oake a great mastiff which we had with us seized upon him and held him till we had put a rope about his neck by which we brought him home and tying of him to a stake we bated him with smaller Doggs and had excellent sport but his hinder legg being broken they knockt out his brains Sometime before this we had an excellent course after a single Wolf upon the hard sands by the Sea-side at low water for a mile or two at last we lost our doggs it being as the Lancashire people phrase it twi-lâ—ght that is almost dark and went beyond them for a mastiff-bitch had seized upon the Wolf being gotten into the Sea and there held him till one went in and led him out the bitch keeping her hold till they had tyed his leggs and so carried him home like a Calf upon a staff between two men being brought into the house they unbound him and set him upon his leggs hâ— not offering in the least to bite or so much as to shew his teeth but clapping his stern betwixt his leggs and leering towards the door would willingly have had his liberty but they served him as they did the other knockt his brains out for our doggs were not then in a condition to bate him their eyes shine by night as a Lanthorn the Fangs of a Wolf hung about childrens necks keep them from frighting and are very good to rub their gums with when they are breeding of Teeth the gall of a Wolf is Soveraign for swelling of the sinews the fiants or dung of a Wolf drunk with white-wine helpeth the Collick The Wild-cat Lusern or luceret or Ounce as some call it is not inferiour to Lamb their grease is very soveraign for lameness upon taking cold The Racoon or Rattoon is of two sorts gray Rattoons and black Rattoons their grease is soveraign for wounds with bruises aches streins bruises and to anoint after broken bones and dislocations The Squnck is almost as big as a Racoon perfect black and white or pye-bald with a
so conclude Alepore Albicore Barracha Barracontha Blew-fish Bull-head Bur-fish Cat-fish Cony-fish Cusk Clam Rock-Cod Sea-Cod divers kinds of Crabs Sea-Cucumber Cunner Sea-Darts or Javelins Flail-fish Flounder or Flowke Flying-fish several kinds Sea-Flea Grandpisse Hake Haddock Horse-foot Hallibut Hen-fish Lampre Limpin Lumpe Maid Monk-fish Sea-mullet Nun-fish Perch Polluck Periwinele Pike Pilas-fish Plaice Porpisse Prawne Purple-fish Porgee Remora Sea-Raven Sail-fish Scallop Scare Stingray Sculpin Shadd Spurlin Sheath-fish Smelt Shrimps Sprates Star-fish Sword-fish Thornback Turbet The Vlatife or saw-fish Sea-Vrchin Sea-Vnichorn The fish are swum by and the Serpents are creeping on terrible creatures carrying stings in their tails It will smart worse than a Satyrs whip though it were as big as Mr. Shepperds the mad Gentleman at Milton-Mowhrayes Constantinus Lasculus The chief or Captain of these is the Rattle-snake described already in my Journal in some places of the Countrey there are none as at Plimouth New-town Nahant and some other places they will live on one side of the River and but swimming over and coming into the woods dye immediately The fat of a Rattle-snake is very Soveraign for frozen limbs bruises lameness by falls Aches Sprains The heart of a Rattle-snake dried and pulverized and drunk with wine or beer is an approved remedy against the biting and venome of a Rattle-snake Some body will give me thanks for discovering these secrets and the rest Non omnibus omnia conveniunt The Snake of which there are infinite numbers of various colours some black others painted with red yellow and white some again of a grass-green colour powdered all over as it were with silver dust or Muscovie-glass But there is one sort that exceeds all the rest and that is the Check-quered snake having as many colours within the checkquers shaddowing one another as there are in a Rainbow There are two sorts of snakes the land-snake and the water-snake the water-snake will be as big about the belly as the Calf of a mans leg I never heard of any mischief that snakes did they kill them sometimes for their skins and bones to make hatbands off their skins likewise worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie against the cramp I have found of the skins that they cast in woods in some quantity they cast not their very skins but only the superfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin for the very skin is basted to the flesh so Lobsters and Crabs The Earth-worm these are very rare and as small as a horse hair but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and eateth the seed that is somewhat like a Maggot of a white colour with a red head and is about the bigness of ones finger and an inch or an inch and half long There is also a dark dunnish Worm or Bug of the bigness of an Oaten-straw and an inch long that in the spring lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day and in the night creep out and devour them these in some years destroy abundance of Indian Corn and Garden plants and they have but one way to be rid of them which the English have learnt of the Indians And because it is somewhat strange I shall tell you how it is they go out into a field or garden with a Birchen-dish and spudling the earth about the roots for they lye not deep they gather their dish full which may contain about a quart or three pints then they carrie the dish to the Sea-side when it is ebbing-ebbing-water and set it a swimming the water carrieth the dish into the Sea and within a day or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes out sooner than find any of them Sow-bugs or Millipedes there be good store but none of that sort that are blew and turn round as a pea when they are touched neither are there any Beetles nor Maple-bugs but a stinking black and red Bug called a Cacarooch or Cockroach and a little black Bug like a Lady-cow that breeds in skins and furrs and will eat them to their utter spoil Likewise there be infinite numbers of Tikes hanging upon the bushes in summer time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into his Breeches eating themselves in a short time into the very flesh of a man I have seen the stockins of those that have gone through the woods covered with them Besides these there is a Bug but whether it be a Native to the Countrie or a stranger I cannot say Some are of opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant with Spanish goods they infest our beds most all day they hide themselves but when night comes they will creep to the sleeping wretch and bite him worse than a flea which raiseth a swelling knub that will itch intolerably if you scratch it waxeth bigger and growes to a scab and if you chance to break one of the Bugs it will stink odiously they call them Chinches or Wood-lice they are fat red and in shape like a Tike and no bigger There are also Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller these some years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as naked almost as in winter they do much harm in the English Orchards Of Snails there are but few and those very little ones they lye at the Roots of long grass in moist places and are no where else to be found Spiders and Spinners there be many the last very big and of several colours The Pismire or Ant must not be forgotten accounted the least Creature and by Salomon commended for its wisdom Prov. 30.24.25 Qâ—atuor ista parva sunt humilia tamen sunt sapâ—entia apprime sapientia formiâ—a populus infirmus quae comparant eastate cibumsuum c. There are two sorts red Ants and black Ants both of them are many times sound winged not long since they were poured upon the Sands out of the clouds in a storm betwixt Black-point and Saco where the passenger might have walkt up to the Ankles in them The Grashopper is innumâ—rable and bigger by much than ours in England having Tinsel-wings with help whereof they will flye and skip a great way Next to these in number are your Crickets a man can walk no where in the summer but he shall tread upon them The Italian who hath them cryed up and down the streets Grille che cantelo and buyeth them to put into his Gardens if he were in New-England would gladly be rid of them they make such a dinn in an Evening I could never discover the Organ of their voice they have a little clift in their Crown which opens and at the same instant they shake their wings The Est or Swift in New-England is a most beautiful Creature to look upon being larger than ours and painted with glorious colours but I lik'd him never the better for it Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land they chirp like Birds in the spring and latter end of summer
whole doth Constare ex pedibus Musical too they be having many pretty odd barbarous tunes which they make use of vocally at marriages and feastings but Instruments they had none before the English came amongst them since they have imitated them and will make out Kitts and string them as neatly and as Artificially as the best Fiddle-maker amongst us and will play our plain lessons very exactly the only Fidler that was in the Province of Meyn when I was there was an Indian called Scezway whom the Fishermen and planters when they had a mind to be merry made use of Arithmetick they skill not reckoning to ten upon their singers and if more doubling of it by holding their fingers up their age they reckon by Moons and their actions by sleeps as if they go a journie or are to do any other business they will say three sleeps me walk or two or three sleeps me do such a thing that is in two or three days Astronomie too they have no knowledge of seldom or never taking observation of the Stars Eclipses or Comets that I could perceive but they will Prognosticate shrewdly what weather will fall out They are generally excellent Zenagegues or guides through their Countrie Their exercises are hunting and fishing in both they will take abundance of pains When the snow will bear them the young and lustie Indians leaving their papouses and old people at home go forth to hunt Moâ—se Deere Bear and Beaver Thirty or forty miles up into the Countrey when they light upon a Moâ—se they run him down which is sometimes in half a day sometimes a whole day but never give him over till they have tyred him the snow being usually four foot deep and the Beast very heavie he sinks every step and as he runs sometimes bears down Arms of Trees that hang in his way with his horns as big as a mans thigh other whiles if any of their dogs which are but small come near yerking out his heels for he strikes like a horse if a small Tree be in the way he breaks it quite asunder with one stroak at last they get up to him on each side and transpierce him with their Lances which formerly were no other but a staff of a yard and half pointed with a Fishes bone made sharp at the end but since they put on pieces of sword-blades which they purchase of the French and having a strap of leather fastned to the but end of the staff which they bring down to the midst of it they dart it into his sides haeret latere lethalis aruâ—dâ— the poor Creature groans and walks on heavily for a space then sinks and falls down like a ruined building making the Earth to quake then presently in come the Victors who having cut the throat of the slain take off his skin their young webbs by this time are walking towards them with heavie bags and kettles at their backs who laying down their burdens fall to work upon the Carkass take out the heart and from that the bone cut off the left soot behind draw out the sinews and cut out his tongue c. and as much of the Venison as will serve to satiate the hungry mawes of the Company mean while the men pitch upon a place near some spring and with their snow shoos shovel the snow away to the bare Earth in a circle making round about a wall of snow in the midst they make their Vulcan or fire near to a great Tree upon the snags whereof they hang their keâ—lâ—s fil'd with the Venison whilst that bods the men after they have refresht themselves with a pipe of Tobacco dispose themselves to sleep The women tend the Cookerie some of them scrape the slime and fat from the skin cleanse the sinews and stretch them and the like when the venison is boiled the men awake and opening of their bags take out as much Indian meal as will serve their turns for the present they eat their broth with spoons and their flâ—sh they divide into gobbets eating now and then with it as much meal as they can hold betwixt three fingers their drink they fetch from the spring and were not acquainted with other untill the French and English traded with that cursed liquor called Rum Rum-bullion or kill-Devil which is stronger than spirit of Wine and is drawn from the dross of Sugar and Sugar Canes this they love dearly and will part with all they have to their bare skins for it being perpetually drunk with it as long as it is to be had it hath killed many of them especially old women who have dyed when dead drunk This instead of bringing of them to the knowledge of Christianitie we have taught them to commit the beastly and crying sins of our Nation for a little profiâ— When the Indians have stuft their paunches if it be fair weather and about midday they venture forth again but if it be foul and far spent they betake themselves to their field-bed at the sign of the Star expecting the opening of the Eastern window which if it promise serenity they truss up their fardles and away for another Moose this course they continue for six weeks or two moneths making their Webbs their Mules to carry their luggage they do not trouble themselves with the horns of Moose or other Deer unless it be near an English plantation because they are weighty cumbersome If the English could procure them to bring them in they would be worth the pains and charge being sold in England after the rate of forty or fifty pounds a Tun the red heads of Deer are the fairest and fullest of marrow and lightest the black heads are heavie and have less marrow the white are the worst and the worst nourished When the Indians are gone there gathers to the Carkass of the Moose thousands of Mattrises of which there are but few or none near the Sea-coasts to be seen these devour the remainder in a quarter of the time that they were hunting of it Their fishing followes in the spring summer and fall of the leaf First for Lobsters Clams Flouke Lumps or Pâ—dles and Ale-wives afterwards for Bass Cod Rock Blew-fish Salmon and Lampres c. The Lobsters they take in large Bayes when it is low water the wind still going out in their Birchen-Canows with a staff two or three yards long made small and sharpen'd at one end and nick'd with deep nicks to take hold When they spye the Lobster crawling upon the Sand in two fathom water more or less they stick him towards the head and bring him up I have known thirty Lobsters taken by an Indian lad in an hour and a half thus they take Flouke and Lumps Clams they dig out of the Clam-banks upon the flats and in creeks when it is low water where they are bedded sometimes a yard deep one upon another the beds a quarter of a mile in length and less the Alewives they take with Nets
like a pursenet put upon a round hoop'd stick with a handle in fresh ponds where they come to spawn The Bass and Blew-fish they take in harbours and at the mouth of barr'd Rivers being in their Canows striking them with a fisgig a kind of dart or staff to the lower end whereof they fasten a sharp jagged bone since they make them of Iron with a string fastened to it as soon as the fish is struck they pull away the staff leaving the bony head in the fishes body and fasten the other end of the string to the Canow Thus they will hale after them to shore half a dozen or half a score great fishes this way they take Sturgeon and in dark evenings when they are upon the fishing ground near a Bar of Sand where the Sturgeon feeds upon small fishes like Eals that are called Lances sucking them out of the Sands where they lye hid with their hollow Trunks for other mouth they have none the Indian lights a piece of dry Birch-Bark which breaks out into a flame holds it over the side of his Canow the Sturgeon seeing this glaring light mounts to the Surface of the water where he is slain and taken with a fisgig Salmons and Lampres are catch'd at the falls of Rivers All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have two or three desperate falls distant one from another for some miles for it being rising ground from the Sea and mountainous within land the Rivers having their Originals from great lakes and hastning to the Sea in their passage meeting with Rocks that are not so easily worn away as the loose earthie mould beneath the Rock makes a fall of the water in some Rivers as high as a house you would think it strange to see yea admire if you saw the bold Barbarians in their light Canows rush down the swift and headlong stream with desperate speed but with excellent dexterity guiding his Canow that seldom or never it shoots under water or overturns if it do they can swim naturally striking their pawes under their throat like a dog and not spreading their Arms as we do they turn their Canow again and go into it in the water Their Merchandize are their beads which are their money of these there are two sorts blew Beads and white Beads the first is their Gold the last their Silver these they work out of certain shells so cunningly that neither Jew nor Devil can counterfeit they dril them and string them and make many curious works with them to adorn the persons of their Sagamours and principal men and young women as Belts Girdles Tablets Borders for their womens hair Bracelets Necklaces and links to hang in their ears Prince Phillip a little before I came for England coming to Boston had a Coat on and Buskins set thick with these Beads in pleasant wild works and a broad Belt of the same his Accountrements were valued at Twenty pounds The English Merchant giveth them ten shillings a fathom for their white and as much more or near upon for their blew Beads Delicate sweet dishes too they make of Birch-Bark sowed with threads drawn from Spruse or white Cedar-Roots and garnished on the out-side with flourish works and on the brims with glistering quills taken from the Porcupine and dyed some black others red the white are natural these they make of all sizes from a dram cup to a dish containing a pottle likewise Buckets to carry water or the like large Boxes too of the same materials dishes spoons and trayes wrought very smooth and neatly out of the knots of wood baskets bags and matts woven with Sparke bark of the Line-Tree and Rushes of several kinds dyed as before some black blew red yellow bags of Porcupine quills woven and dyed also Coats woven of Turkie-feathers for their Children Tobacco pipes of stone with Imagerie upon them Kettles of Birchen-bark which they used before they traded with the French for Copper Kettles by all which you may apparently see that necessity was at first the mother of all inventions The women are the workers of most of these and are now here and there one excellent needle woman and will milk a Cow neatly their richest trade are Furs of divers sorts Black Fox Beaver Otter Bear Sables Mattrices Fox Wild-Cat Rattoons Martins Musquash Moose-skins Ships they have none but do prettily imitate ours in their Birchen-pinnaces their Canows are made of Birch they shape them with flat Ribbs of white Cedar and cover them with large sheets of Birch-bark sowing them through with strong threds of Spruse-Roots or white Cedar and pitch them with a mixture of Turpentine and the hard rosen that is dryed with the Air on the outside of the Bark of Firr-Trees These will carry half a dozen or three or four men and a considerable fraight in these they swim to Sea twenty nay forty miles keeping from the shore a league or two sometimes to shorten their voyage when they are to double a Cape they will put to shore and two of them taking up the Canow carry it cross the Cape or neck of land to the other side and to Sea again they will indure an incredible great Sea mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of Corke but they require skilful hands to guide them in rough weather none but the Indians scarce dare to undertake it such like Vessels the Ancient Brittains used as Lucan relates Primum cana salix madefacto vimine parvam Texitur in puppim caesoque induta juvenco Vectoris patiens tumidum super emicat amnem Sic Venetus stagnante Pado fusoque Britanus Navigat oceano When Sicoris to his own banks restor'd Had left the field of twigs and willow boord They made small Boats cover'd with Bullocks bide In which they reacht the Rivers further side So sail the Veneti if Padus flow The Brittains sail on their calm ocean so So the Aegyptians sail with woven Boats Of paper rushes in their Nilus Floats Their Government is monarchical the Patrueius or they that descend from the eldest proceeding from his loyns is the Roytelet of the Tribe and if he have Daughters his Son dying without a Son the Government descends to his Daughters Son after the same manner their lands descend Cheetadaback was the chief Sachem or Roytelet of the Massachusets when the English first set down there Massasoit the great Sachem of the Plimouth Indians his dwelling was at a place called Sowans about four miles distant from New-Plimouth Sasasacus was the chief Sachem of the Pequets and Mientoniack of the Narragansets The chief Roytelet amongst the Mohawks now living is a Dutchmans Bastard and the Roytelet now of the Pocanakets that is the Plimouth-Indians is Prince Philip alias Metacon the Grandson of Massasoit Amongst the Eastern Indians Summersant formerly was a famous Sachem The now living Sachems of note are Sabaccaman Terrumkin and Robinhood Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes but the Mowhawks are enemies to all the
thereof is situated Newherrie the houses are scattering well stored with meadow upland and â—rable and about four hundred head of Cattle Over against Newberrie lyes the Town of Salisbury where a constant Ferry is kept the River being here half a mile broad the Town scatteringly built Hâ—rd upon the River of Shashin where Merrimach receives this and the other branch into its body is seated Andover stored with land and Cattle Beyond this Town by the branch of Merrimach-River called Shashin lyeth Haverhill a Town of large extent about ten miles in length the inhabitants Husbandmen this Town is not far from Salisbury Over against Haverhill lyeth the Town of Malden which I have already mentioned In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of Merrimach is seated Concord the first inland Town in Massachusets patent well stored with fish Salmon Dace Alewive Shade c. abundance of fresh maish and Cattle this place is subject to bitter â—â—orms The next Town is Sudbury built upon the same River where Concord is but further up to this Town likewise belongs great store of fresh marshes and Arable land and they have many Cattle it lyeth low by reason whereof it is much indammaged with flouds In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side and not far from Woeburn is situated Reading it hath two mills a saw-mill and a Corn-mill and is well stockt with Cattle The Colony is divided into four Counties the first is Suffolk to which belongs Dorchester Roxbury Waymouth Hingham Dedham Braintre Sittuate Hull Nantascot Wisagusset The second County is Middlesex to this belongs Charles-town Watertown Cambridge Concord Sudbury Woeburn Reading Malden Mistick Medford Winnisimet and Marble-head To the third County which is Essex belongs New-Salem Linn Ipswich New-Berry Rowley Glocester Wenham and Andover The fourth County is Northfolk to this belongs Salisbury Hampton and Haverhill In the year of our Lord 1628 Mr. John Endicot with a number of English people set down by Capt-Aun at that place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding-place was at Salem where they built a Town in 1639. and there they gathered their first Church consisting but of Seventy persons but afterwards increased to forty three Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in those Churches were about Seven thousand seven hundred and fifty Souls Mr. Endicot was chosen their first Governour The Twelfth of July Anno Dom. 1630. John Wenthorp Esq and the assistants arrived with the Patent for the Massachusets the passage of the people that came along with him in ten Vessels came to 95000 pound the Swine Goats Sheep Neat Horses cost to transport 12000 pound bâ—sides the price they cost them getting food for the people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted to 45000 pound Nails Glass and other Iron work for their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound Arms Powder Bullet and March together with their Artillery 22000 pound the whole sum amounts unto One hundred ninety two thousand pounds They set down first upon Nâ—ddle-Island afterwards they began to build upon the main In 1637. there were not many houses in the Town of Boston amongst which were two houses of entertainment called Ordinaries into which if a stranger went he was presently followed by one appointed to that Office who would thrust himself into his company uninvited and if he called for more drink than the Officer thought in his judgment he could soberly bear away he would presently countermand it and appoint the proportion beyond which he could not get one drop The Patent was granted to Sir Henry Rosewell Sir John Young Knight Thomas Southcoat John Humphrey John Endicot and Simon Whitecomb and to their Heirs Assigns and Associats for ever These took to them other Associats as Sir Richard Saltonstall Isaac Johnson Samuel Aldersey Jo. Ven Matth Craddock George Harwood Increase Nowell Rich. Perry Rich. Bellingham Nathaniel Wright Samuel Vasell Theophilus Eaton Thomas Goffe Thomas Adams Jo. Brown Samuel Brown Thomas Hutchins Will Vasell Will. Pinchon and George Foxcroft Matth. Craddock was ordained and constituted Governour by Patent and Thomas Goffe Deputy Governour of the said Company the rest Assistants That part of New-England granted to these fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between a great River called Monumach alias Merrimach and the often frequented Charles-River being in the bottom of a Bay called Massachusets alias Mattachusets alias Massatusets-bay and also those lands within the space of three English miles on the South part of the said Charles-River or any or every part and all the lands within three miles to the South-ward part of the Massachusets-bay and all those lands which lye within the space of three English miles to the North-ward of the River Merrimach or to the North-ward of any and every part thereof and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid North and South in latitude and in breadth and length and longitude of and within all the main land there from the Atlantick and Western-Sea and Ocean on the East-part to the South-Sea on the West-part and all lands and grounds place and places soils woods and wood-groves Havens Ports Rivers Waters fishings and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands and limits and every part and parcel thereof and also all Islands lying in America aforesaid in the said Seas or either of them on the Western or Eastern Coasts or parts of the said tracts of lands Also all mines and minerals as well Royal of Gold Silver as others c. With power to rule and govern both Sea and land holden of the East manner of Greenwich in Com. Kent in free and common soccage yielding and paying to the King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which shall be found at any time This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact by the name of the Governour and Company of the Mattachusets-bay in New-England That there shall be one Governour and Deputy-Governour and Eighteen Assistants of the same Company from time to time That the Governour and Deputy-Governour Assistants and all other Officers to be chosen from amongst the freemen the last Wednesday in Easter-term yearly in the general Court The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true and faithful to the Government and to give the same Oath to the other Officers To hold a Court once a month and any seven to be a sufficient Court And that there shall be four general Courts kept in Term time and one great general and solemn Assembly to make Laws and Ordinances So they be not contrary and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of England Their form of Government and what their Laws concern you may see in the ensuing Table Their Laws Concern 1 their-person 1 Magistrates Governour Assistants 1 Counfellers 2 Judges 1 of the whole Countrey 2 of each Town 2 People 1 of the whole Countrey 1 for their prorection 2 for their provision 2 of each Town concerning
lying just in the middle betwixt the two poles being in compass from West to East 360 degrees every degree thereof on the terrestrial Globe valuing 20 English miles or 60 miles Into the Bay of St. Lawrence the River of St. Lawrence or Canada disimbogues it self a River far exceeding any River in the elder world thirty or forty mile over at the mouth and in the Channel one hundred fathom deep it runs on the back-side of New England and Virginia the French it is said have gone up six weeks voyage in it and have not yet discovered the spring-head the longitude is 334 degrees 11 seconds in 50 degrees 21 minutes of North latitude This may satisfie a modest Reader and I hope yield no offence to any I shall onely speak a word or two of the people in the province of Main and the Dukes province and so conclude The people in the province of Main may be divided into Magistrates Husbandmen or Planters and fishermen of the Magistrates some be Royalists the rest perverse Spirits the like are the planters and fishers of which some be planters and fishers both others meer fishers Handicrafts-men there are but few the Tumelor or Cooper Smiths and Carpenters are best welcome amongst them shop-keepers there are none being supplied by the Massachusets Merchants with all things they stand in need of keeping here and there fair Magazines stored with English goods but they set excessive prices on them if they do not gain Cent per Cent they cry out that they are losers hence English shooes are sold for Eight and Nine shillings a pair worsted stockins of Three shillings six pence a pair for Seven and Eight shillings a pair Douglass that is sold in England for one or two and twenty pence an ell for four shillings a yard Serges of two shillings or three shillings a yard for Six and Seven shillings a yard and so all sorts of Commodities both for planters and fishermen as Cables Cordage Anchors Lines Hooks Nets Canvas for Sails c. Bisket twenty five shillings a hundred Salt at an excessive rate pickled-herrin for winter bait Four and five pound a barrel with which they speed not so well as the waggish lad at Cape-porpus who baited his hooks with the drown'd Negro's buttocks so for Pork and Beef The planters are or should be restless pains takers providing for their Cattle planting and sowing of Corn fencing their grounds cutting and bringing home fuel cleaving of claw-board and pipe-staves fishing for fresh water fish and fowling takes up most of their time if not all the diligent hand maketh rich but if they be of a droanish disposition as some are they become wretchedly poor and miserable scarce able to free themselves and family from importunate famine especially in the winter for want of bread They have a custom of taking Tobacco sleeping at noon sitting long at meals sometimes four times in a day and now and then drinking a dram of the bottle extraodinarily the smoaking of Tobacco if moderately used refresheth the weary much and so doth sleep A Traveller five hours doth crave To sleep a Student seven will have And nine sleeps every Idle knave The Physician allowes but three draughâ—s at a meal the first for need the second for pleasure and the third for sleep but little observed by them unless they have no other liquor to drink but water In some places where the springs are frozen up or at least the way to their springs made unpassable by reason of the snow and the like they dress their meat in Aqua Caelestis i. e. melted snow at other times it is very well cookt and they feed upon generally as good flesh Beef Pork Mutton Fowl and fish as any is in the whole world besides Their Servants which are for the most part English when they are out of their time will not work under half a Crown day although it be for to make hay and for less I do not see how they can by reason of the dearness of clothing If they hire them by the year they pay them Fourteen or Fifteen pound yea Twenty pound at the years end in Corn Cattle and fish some of these prove excellent fowlers bringing in as many as will maintain their masters house besides the profit that accrews by their feathers They use when it is to be had a great round shot called Barstable shot which is best for fowl made of a lead blacker than our common lead to six pound of shot they allow one pound of powder Cannon powder is esteemed best The fishermen take yearly upon the coasts many hundred kentals of Cod hake haddock polluck c. which they split salt and dry at their stages making three voyages in a year When they share their fish which is at the end of every voyage they separate the best from the worst the first they call Mâ—rchantable fish being sound full grown fish and well made up which is known when it is clear like a Lanthorn horn and without spots the second sort they call refuse fish that is such as is salt burnt spotted rotten and carelesly ordered these they put off to the Massachusets Merchants the merchantable for thirty and two and thirty ryals a kental a kental is an hundred and twelve pound weight the refuse for Nine shillings and Ten shillings a kental the Merchant sends the merchantable fish to Lisbanne Bilbo Burdeaux Marsiles Talloâ—n Rochel â—â—an and other Cities of France to the Canaries with claâ—-board and pipe-staves which is there and at the Charibs a prime Commodity the refuse fish they put off at the Charib-Islands Barbadoes Jamaica c. who seed their Negroes with it To every Shallop belong four fishermen a Master or Steersman a Midship-man and a Foremast-man and a shore man who washes it out of the salt and dries it upon hurdles pitcht upon stakes breast high and tends their Cookery these often get in one voyage Eight or Nine pound a man for their shares but it doth some of them little good for the Merchant to increase his gains by putting off his Commodity in the midst of their voyages and at the end thereof comes in with a walking Tavern a Bark laden with the Legitimate bloud of the rich grape which they bring from Phial Madera Canaries with Brandy Rhum the Barbadoes strong-strong-water and Tobacco coming ashore he gives them a Taster or two which so charms them that for no perswasions that their imployers can use will they go out to Sea although fair and seasonable weather for two or three days nay sometimes a whole week till they are wearied with drinking taking ashore two or three Hogsheads of Wine and Rhum to drink off when the Merchant is gone If a man of quality chance to come where they are roystering and gulling in Wine with a dear selicity he must be sociable and Roly-poly with them taking off their liberal cups as freely or else be gone which is best for him for
when Wine in their guts is at full Tide they quarrel fight and do one another mischief which is the conclusion of their drunken compotations When the day of payment comes they may justly complain of their costly sin of drunkenness for their shares will do no more than pay the reckoning if they save a Kental or two to buy shooâ—s and stockins shirts and wastcoats wâ—th 't is well otherwayes they must enter into the Merchants books for such things as they stand in need off becoming thereby the Merchants slaves when it riseth to a big sum are constrained to mortgage their plantation if they have any the Merchant when the time is expired is sure to seize upon their plantation and stock of Cartle turning them out of house and home poor Creatures â—o look out for a new habitation in some remote place where they begin the world again The lavish planters have the same fate partaking with them in the like bad husbandry of these the Merchant buys Beef Pork Pease Wheat and Indian Corn and sâ—lls it again many times to the fishermen Of the same nature are the people in the Dekes province who not long before I left the Countrey petitioned the Governour and Magistrates in the Massachusets to take them into their Government Birds of a feather will ralley together Anno Dom. 1671. The year being now well spent and the Government of the province turned topsiâ—â—vy being heartily weary and expecting the approach of winter I took my leave of my friends at Black-paint And on the 28 of August being Monday I shipt my self and my goods aboard of a shallâ—p bound for Boston towards Sun set â—â—e wind being contrary we put into Gibbâ—ns his Island a small Island in Winner harbour â—bout two leagues from black-point West-ward here we stayed till the 30. day being Wednesday about nine of the clock we set sail and towards Sun-set came up with Gorgiana the 31 day being Thursday we put into Cape-Ann-harbour about Suâ—â—â—t September the 1 being Saturday in the morning before day we seâ— sail and came to Boston about three of the clock in the afternoon where I â—ound the Inhabitants exceedingly â—fflâ—cted with griping of the guts and Heaver and Ague and bloudy Flux The Eight day of October being Wednesday I boarded the new-Supply of Boston 1â—0 Tun a Ship of better saâ—l than defence her Guns being small and for salutation only the Master Capt. Fairweather her sailers 16. and as many passengers Towards night I returned to Boston again the next day being Thanksgiving day on Fryday the Tenth day we weighed Anchor and fell down to Hull The 12 and 13 day about 20 leagues from Cape-Sable a bitter storm took us beginning at seven of the clock at night which put us in terrible fear of being driven upon the Cape or the Island of Sables where many a tall ship hath been wrackt November the One and twenty about two of the clock afternoon we saw within kenning before us thick clouds which put us in hope of land the Boson brings out his purse into which the passengers put their good will then presently he nails it to the main-mast up go the boyes to the mainmast-top sitting there like so many Crowes when after a while one of them cryes out land which was glad tidings to the wearied passengers the boyes descend and the purse being taken from the mast was distributed amongst them the lad that first descryed land having a double share about three of the clock Scilly was three leagues off The Four and twentieth day we came to Deal from thence the 25. to Lee the 26. being Sunday we steemed the Tide to Gravesend about two of the clock afternoon The 27 we came up with Wollich where I landed and refresht my self for that night next day I footed it four or five miles to Bexley in Kent to visit a near kinsman the next day proved rainie the 30 day being Fryday my kinsman accommodated me with a Horse and his man to Greenwich where I took a pair of Oars and went aboard our Ship then lying before Radeliff here I lay that night Next day being Saturday and the first of December I cleared my goods shot the bridge and landed at the Temple about seven of the clock at night which makes my voyage homeward 7 weeks and four days and from my first setting out from London to my returning to London again Eight years Six moneths and odd days Now by the merciful providence of the Almighty having perform'd Two voyages to the North-east parts of the Western-world I am safely arrived in my Native Countrey having in part made good the French proverb Travail where thou canst but dye where thou oughtest that is in thine own Countrey FINIS Chronological OBSERVATIONS OF AMERICA From the year of the World to the year of Christ 1673. LONDON Printed for Giles Widdowes at the Green 〈◊〉 〈…〉 Paul's-Church-yard 1674. The Preface THE Terrestrial World is by our learned Geographers divided into four parts Europe Asia Africa and America so named from Americus Vespucius the Florentine Seven years after Columbus although Columbus and Cabota deserved rather the honour of being Godfathers to it notwithstanding by this name it is now known to us but was utterly unknown to the Ancient Europeans before their times I will not say to the Africans and Asians for Plato in his Timeus relateth of a great Island called Atlantis and Philo the Jew in his book De mundo that it was over-flowen with water by reason of a mighty Earthquake The like happened to it 600 years before Plato thus was the Atlantick Ocean caused to be a Sea if you will believe the same Philosopher who flourished 366 years before the Birth of our Saviour America is bounded on the South with the streight of Magellan where there are many Islands distinguished by an interflowing Bay the West with the pacifique Sea or mare-del-zur which Sea runs towards the North separateing it from the East parts of Asia on the East with the Atlantick or our western Ocean called mare-del-Nort and on the North with the Sea that separateth it from Groveland thorow which Seas the supposed passage to China lyeth these North parts as yet are but barely discovered by our voyagers The length of this new World between the streights of Anian and Magellan is 2400 German miles in breadth between Cabo de fortuna near the Anian streights is 1300 German nâ—tles About 18 leagues from Nombre de dios on the South-Sea lyeth Panama a City having three fair Menasteriâ—s in it where the narrowest part of the Countrey is it is much less than Asia and far bigger than Europe and as the rest of the world divided into Islands and Continent the Continent supposed to contain about 1152400000 Acres The Native people I have spoken of already The discoverers and Planters of Colonies especially in the Northeast parts together with a continuation of the proceedings of the English in
Domini 1668 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Leveret major General Mr. Samuel Shepherd Pastor of Rowley Church dyed April the 27 Mr. Henry Flint Teacher at Braintry dyed July the Ninth Mr. Jonathan Mitchel Pastor of the Church at Cambridge dyed he was born at Halifax in Yorkeshire in England and was brought up in Harvard-Colledge at Cambridge in New-England July the Fifteenth nine of the clock at night an Eclipse of the moon till after Eleven darkned nine digits and thirty five minutes July the Seventeenth aâ—g at Sperma Caeti Whale Fifty five foot long thrown up aâ— Winter-harbour by Casco in the Province of Main April the Third Fryday an Earthquake in New-England Anno Domini 1669 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret major General Mr. Oxenbridge chosen Pastor of the Independent Church at Boston The wonderful burning of the mountain Aetna or Gibella in Cicilia March Anno Domini 1670 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret major General Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour now dyed At a place called Kenebunch which is in the Province of Main not far from the River-side a piece of clay ground was thrown up by a mineral vapour as was supposed over the tops of high oaks that grew between it and the River into the River stopping the course thereof and leaving a hole Forty yards square wherein were Thousands of clay bullets as big as musquet bullets and pieces of clay in shape like the barrel of a musquet The like accident fell out at Casco One and twenty miles from it to the Eastward much about the same time And fish in some ponds in the Countrey thrown up dead upon the banks supposed likewise to be kill'd with mineral vapours A wonderful number of Herrins cast up on shore at high water in Black-point-Harbour in the province of Main so that they might have gone half way the leg in them for a mile together Mr. Thatcher chosen Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Boston Anno Domini 1671 Mr. Thomas Prince Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Leveret Dâ—puty and major General Elder Pen now dyed at Boston the English troubled much with griping of the guts and bloudy Flux of which several dyed October the Two and twentieth a Ship called the flying Falcon of Amsterdam arrived at Dover having been out since the first of January 1669 and been in the South-Seas in the latitude of 50 degrees having sailed 12900 Dutch leagues the master told us he made main land and discovered two Islands never before discovered where were men all hairy Eleven foot in height Anno Domini 1672 Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Leveret Deputy and major General Anno Domini 1673 Mr. Richard Bellingham Governour of the Massachusets colony now deceased Anno Domini 1674 Thomas Leveret chosen Governour Mr. Simons Deputy Governour FINIS Books Printed for Giles Widdows at the Green-Dragon in St Pauls-Church-yard In Folio DR Homes his Miscellanea consisting of three Treatises 1. Exercitations touching the glorious Kingdom of Christ on earth yet to come 2. A review of or a fresh enquiry after Gog and Magog where to find them 3. Some glimpse of Israels call approaching from Scripture in a brief Chronologie of 15 years last past of the disputes of 300 Jewish Rabbies Mr. Davises three books belonging to an Unâ—formity in Churches in which the chief things of the laws of Nature and Nations and of the Divine law concerning the consistency of the Ecclesiastical Estate with the civil are unfolded A Book of the five senses in copper cuts In Quarto Dr. Sibbs Light from Heaven in 4 Treatises Mr. Bartons Remedy for Londons languishing Trade The younger Brothers Apologie for the Fathers free power in disposing of his Land to his Son Sons or any of them Octavo Mr. Stucleys Gospel-glass Representing the miscarriages of English Professors Mr. Gales Anatomy of Infidelity Mr. Prestons Directions for true spelling with Copies of Letters Bills of Parcels Bills of Exchange Bills of Debt Receipts with Rules and helps thereunto M. Val. Martialis Spectaculorum Liber Paraphrased The true English Interest or an account of the chief national Improvement in some political observations demonstrating an Infallible Advance of this Nation to infinite wealth and greatness Trade and Populacy with Imployment and Preferment for all persons by Carew Reynel Esq New-Englands Rarities discovered in Birds Beasts Fishes Serpents and plants of that Countrey Together with the Physical and Chirurgical Remedies wherewith the Natives constantly use to cure their distempers wounds and sores Also a description of an Indian Squa in all her Bravery with a Poem not improperly confer'd upon her Illustrated with cuts by J. Jâ—sselin Gent. In 12. and 24. c. Dr. Collets Devotions or the Christians morning and evening Sacrifice digested into prayers and meditations with some short directions for a godly life How to revive the Golden Age with the true causes of the want of money and good Trading in these Kingdoms and how yet to Remedy them and to make these Kingdoms exceed all others in Riches and power Humbly presented to the Parliament Advertisement Dr. Buckworths Lozenges famous for the cure of Consumptions Coughs Catarihs Asshmas Phthisicks and all other diseases incident to the Lungs colds new and old Hoarsness shortness of breath and stoppages of the Stomach Also a Soveraign Antidote against the Plague His Homogenâ—al Pill Dr. Leckers Universal Pill Constant Rhodocanaces Spirit of Salt Spanish cases for Bibles and Common-Prayer of all sorts sold by Giles Widdows Book-seller at the Green-Dragon in St. Pauls Church-yard