of_o air_n in_o the_o earth_n nay_o there_o be_v such_o a_o plenty_n of_o it_o there_o that_o many_o learned_a philosopher_n be_v nay_o aristotle_n himself_o of_o opinion_n that_o all_o spring_n be_v generate_v of_o subterraneal_a air_n 2._o air_n be_v not_o the_o aliment_n of_o fire_n for_o say_v the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-la vita_fw-la et_fw-la morte_fw-la flamma_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la accensus_fw-la flame_n be_v not_o kindle_v air_n nay_o but_o unctuous_a vapour_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v burn_v so_o that_o whereas_o without_o air_n fire_n go_v out_o and_o be_v extinguish_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o fuliginous_a vapour_n want_v evaporation_n do_v recoil_v upon_o the_o fire_n and_o choke_v it_o now_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v not_o be_v of_o a_o sulphureous_a nature_n very_o fuliginous_a and_o beside_o what_o smoke_n or_o fume_n or_o vapour_n there_o come_v from_o it_o be_v subtle_a and_o penetrate_v and_o either_o evaporate_v through_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n insensible_o or_o incorporate_v themselves_o with_o some_o suitable_a subject_n that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v of_o themselves_o condense_v into_o some_o unctuous_a matter_n adhere_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cavern_n into_o which_o they_o be_v elevate_v so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o fuliginousness_n of_o vapour_n more_o or_o less_o recoil_v the_o fire_n be_v more_o or_o less_o choke_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v historian_n there_o have_v be_v burn_a lamp_n close_o shut_v up_o in_o glass_n for_o fiftheen_n hundred_o year_n together_o in_o old_a sepulchre_n now_o they_o burn_v without_o air_n and_o be_v not_o extinguish_v by_o reason_n the_o aliment_n of_o it_o be_v a_o naphtha_n or_o bituminous_a matter_n which_o be_v so_o pure_a that_o it_o breed_v no_o fuliginous_a vapour_n to_o choke_v the_o fire_n thereof_o 3._o where_o this_o fire_n be_v very_o great_a there_o be_v a_o great_a vent_n and_o exhalation_n but_o where_o but_o little_a little_a be_v the_o vent_n and_o insensible_a and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o fire_n be_v not_o great_a extensive_o but_o intensive_o because_o it_o be_v keep_v within_o a_o narrow_a compass_n as_o in_o small_a cavern_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n q_o how_o come_v this_o bitumen_n to_o be_v kindle_v in_o the_o earth_n sol._n it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o bitumen_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n that_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o not_o find_v any_o place_n to_o break_v forth_o be_v agitate_a attenuate_v rarify_v and_o so_o inflame_v and_o be_v inflame_v kindle_v the_o bitumen_n now_o last_o let_v no_o man_n wonder_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o great_a a_o force_n of_o fire_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o generation_n of_o so_o many_o spring_n that_o flow_v from_o thence_o daily_a see_v pliny_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n wonder_v so_o much_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o they_o consider_v of_o the_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o exclamation_n say_v it_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o miracle_n that_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o every_o day_n burn_v up_o and_o can_v the_o burn_n of_o the_o aetnean_a visuvian_n nymphean_a mountain_n convince_v we_o a_o little_a of_o this_o but_o for_o the_o further_a confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n let_v we_o a_o little_a consider_v whence_o the_o wind_n proceed_v and_o what_o they_o be_v and_o be_v they_o not_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a exhalation_n now_o that_o this_o proceed_v from_o and_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n most_o agree_v and_o that_o it_o enter_v not_o first_o into_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o probable_a for_o how_o can_v a_o hot_a dry_a light_a exhalation_n who_o nature_n and_o property_n be_v to_o ascend_v descend_v into_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o to_o cause_v such_o great_a and_o last_a wind_n as_o many_o time_n happen_v it_o must_v therefore_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n original_o and_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o some_o great_a heat_n in_o the_o same_o and_o what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o endeavour_v to_o break_v forth_o through_o obstruct_a passage_n cause_v great_a earthquake_n whereby_o city_n town_n and_o country_n have_v be_v overthrow_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o dreadful_a noise_n sometime_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o i_o say_v these_o great_a exhalation_n i_o say_v great_a because_o i_o confess_v that_o some_o little_a quantity_n of_o they_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o certain_a fermentation_n in_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v raise_v if_o not_o from_o some_o great_a heat_n of_o fire_n within_o the_o earth_n never_o any_o one_o yet_o can_v rational_o determine_v and_o caesius_n affirm_v that_o at_o a_o certain_a village_n call_v tripergulus_n about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n since_o after_o fiftteen_a day_n earthquake_n the_o earth_n open_v and_o wind_n smoke_n and_o very_o great_a fire_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o same_o also_o pumice-stone_n and_o abundance_n of_o ash_n in_o so_o much_o as_o they_o make_v a_o mountain_n and_o about_o that_o place_n be_v many_o hot_a spring_n also_o in_o apulia_n be_v a_o hot_a bath_n call_v tribulus_fw-la where_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o ash_n and_o calcine_v stone_n and_o about_o the_o lake_n lucrinus_n and_o avernus_n be_v the_o same_o but_o if_o any_o shall_v yet_o doubt_v that_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o from_o the_o occult_a fire_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o yet_o further_o to_o appear_v by_o propound_v to_o their_o consideration_n some_o observation_n concerning_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o wind_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n after_o a_o more_o apparent_a and_o violent_a manner_n than_o from_o the_o land_n and_o that_o more_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a wind_n be_v take_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o land_n for_o when_o a_o calm_a sea_n make_v a_o murmur_a noise_n within_o itself_o it_o signify_v that_o then_o the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v rise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o the_o fish_n perceive_v and_o be_v afraid_a of_o it_o especial_o dolphin_n play_v above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o sea-urchin_n fasten_v themselves_o to_o rock_n the_o sea_n a_o little_a swell_n show_v that_o the_o exhalation_n be_v endeavour_v a_o vent_n then_o boil_v show_v that_o it_o have_v penetrate_v to_o the_o superficies_n but_o as_o yet_o in_o a_o little_a quantity_n but_o then_o the_o eruptious_a of_o the_o exhalation_n follow_v upon_o the_o water_n mount_v up_o aloft_o make_v wind_n and_o a_o tempest_n such_o as_o mariner_n have_v often_o experience_n of_o when_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o no_o other_o place_n but_o arise_v at_o themselves_o now_o why_o wave_n or_o billow_n shall_v precede_v wind_n let_v any_o man_n if_o he_o can_v give_v any_o other_o reason_n also_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o some_o mariner_n that_o a_o little_a before_o a_o great_a tempest_n there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o a_o unctuous_a shine_v matter_n float_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o infallible_a sign_n of_o a_o ensue_a storm_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n force_v up_o with_o itself_o that_o bituminous_a matter_n from_o the_o place_n where_o itself_o be_v generate_v but_o now_o why_o wind_n shall_v arise_v from_o the_o sea_n more_o apparent_o than_o from_o the_o land_n be_v because_o there_o be_v more_o plenty_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o there_o it_o have_v more_o aliment_n or_o fuel_n viz._n water_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o that_o bituminous_a fire_n and_o whence_o be_v those_o great_a mountain_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n and_o those_o island_n which_o do_v sometime_o arise_v up_o anew_o from_o the_o sea_n but_o from_o a_o subterraneal_a fire_n which_o force_v they_o up_o from_o thence_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o learned_a sendivogius_n and_o experience_a erker_n and_o those_o chasm_n and_o gape_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o may_v be_v allege_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n and_o metal_n and_o many_o such_o like_a subterraneal_a operation_n which_o can_v not_o rational_o be_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o fire_n within_o the_o earth_n but_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v serious_o
the_o evening_n the_o stomach_n be_v less_o laxate_v and_o languid_a than_o at_o noon_n and_o can_v therefore_o concoct_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o meat_n yet_o the_o supper_n must_v not_o be_v very_o large_a neither_o great_a than_o what_o the_o stomach_n can_v be_v well_o able_a perfect_o to_o concoct_v before_o the_o next_o morning_n let_v it_o be_v ready_a at_o six_o at_o least_o if_o not_o seven_o hour_n after_o dinner_n i_o advise_v that_o all_o whether_o it_o be_v at_o dinner_n or_o supper_n that_o they_o lerve_v with_o a_o appetite_n and_o eat_v not_o half_o so_o much_o as_o the_o spa_n drinker_n usual_o do_v indulge_v their_o palate_n and_o gratify_v their_o stomach_n according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o appetite_n which_o many_o time_n be_v rather_o adventious_a or_o preternatural_a then_o natural_a i_o utter_o disapprove_v of_o mix_v of_o the_o spa_n water_n with_o either_o wine_n or_o beer_n but_o yet_o i_o allow_v of_o the_o drink_n of_o a_o glass_n of_o itself_o at_o bed_n time_n for_o the_o corroborate_n and_o close_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o suppress_v of_o vapour_n which_o will_v otherwise_o disturb_v the_o brain_n from_o quiet_a sleep_n chap._n xiv_o of_o the_o sulphur-well_n this_o be_v call_v the_o sulphur-well_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o sulphurous_a odour_n although_o beside_o this_o it_o have_v two_o other_o quality_n viz._n saltness_n and_o bitterness_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v whence_o it_o contract_v its_o saltness_n and_o thereby_o i_o shall_v the_o better_o make_v to_o appear_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o staunch_a and_o bitterness_n now_o because_o the_o salt_n which_o this_o water_n yield_v upon_o evaporation_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o and_o can_v be_v distinguish_v either_o in_o odour_n or_o taste_v the_o staunch_a be_v lose_v in_o the_o evaporation_n from_o common_a black_a sea-salt_n i_o shall_v first_o declare_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o this_o water_n and_o first_o i_o shall_v show_v what_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o thereby_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o many_o ancient_a philosopher_n and_o their_o follower_n 1._o the_o saleness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o sun_n exhale_v the_o sweet_a part_n out_o of_o it_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n for_o this_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n before_o but_o be_v not_o but_o upon_o this_o account_n manifest_v but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v for_o then_o why_o be_v not_o other_o water_n as_o river_n pond_n lake_n etc._n etc._n make_v saltish_a also_o by_o the_o sun_n exhale_v their_o sweet_a vapour_n 2._o the_o sun_n do_v not_o boil_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o its_o heat_n that_o saline_a taste_n according_a to_o pliny_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a opinion_n for_o then_o why_o do_v not_o the_o sun_n work_v the_o same_o effect_n upon_o a_o pond_n or_o vessel_n of_o water_n on_o which_o it_o may_v work_v more_o vigorous_o by_o heat_a more_o vehement_o viz._n because_o it_o be_v less_o resist_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o they_o than_o on_o the_o ocean_n 3._o this_o saltness_n be_v not_o cause_v as_o scaliger_n will_v have_v it_o by_o rain_n mix_v with_o hot_a dry_a and_o terrene_a exhalation_n for_o the_o rain_n itself_o will_v also_o then_o be_v saltish_a which_o indeed_o be_v most_o sweet_a and_o if_o it_o be_v saltish_a then_o why_o be_v not_o pit_n river_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v many_o time_n fill_v with_o rain-water_n saltish_a also_o now_o the_o weakness_n of_o these_o opinion_n viz._n the_o chief_a that_o have_v usual_o be_v embrace_v be_v detect_v i_o shall_v show_v from_o whence_o very_o probable_o this_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v proceed_v we_o must_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o simple_o saltish_a but_o saltish_a and_o bitter_a together_o that_o be_v it_o have_v a_o taste_n make_v up_o of_o bitterness_n and_o saltness_n for_o which_o cause_n as_o say_v our_o learned_a countryman_n mr._n lydyat_n in_o his_o disquisitio_fw-la physiologica_fw-la de_fw-la origine_fw-la fontiam_fw-la chap._n 9_o de_fw-la salsedine_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o latin_n give_v these_o two_o name_n to_o it_o viz._n mare_n quasi_fw-la amarum_fw-la and_o salum_n quasi_fw-la salsum_fw-la and_o this_o aristotle_n himself_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o those_o two_o taste_n in_o general_a and_o of_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n in_o particular_a where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o kind_n of_o taste_n arise_v from_o a_o kind_n of_o terreness_n more_o or_o less_o adust_a but_o bitterness_n from_o a_o terreness_n very_o much_o elaborate_v by_o a_o fiery_a heat_n in_o the_o burn_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o saltness_n where_o that_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o remit_v if_o so_o then_o let_v we_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o abundance_n of_o terrene_a adustness_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o a_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v always_o burn_a be_v feed_v by_o water_n as_o i_o declare_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o 2._o chap._n viz._n of_o the_o original_n of_o spring_n in_o general_a and_o that_o whether_o we_o may_v not_o probable_o conclude_v and_o especial_o because_o bitumen_n be_v bitter_a and_o very_o full_a of_o salt_n that_o the_o burn_n of_o the_o bitumen_n together_o with_o the_o terreness_n therewith_o mix_v in_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n thereof_o moreover_o that_o bitumen_n have_v a_o great_a power_n to_o communicate_v to_o and_o beget_v a_o bitter_a and_o saltish_a taste_n in_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o that_o which_o geographer_n write_v concerning_o the_o lake_n of_o palestina_n which_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o i_o e._n bituminous_a for_o say_v they_o the_o lake_n be_v so_o bitter_a and_o saltish_a that_o no_o fish_n can_v live_v therein_o and_o it_o be_v call_v in_o sacred_a write_v the_o salt_n fea_z {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o and_o historian_n say_v of_o it_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n he_o can_v be_v drown_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v the_o saltness_n thereof_o for_o we_o see_v that_o water_n bear_v the_o great_a burden_n by_o how_o much_o the_o salter_n they_o be_v witness_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o fresh_a river_n and_o our_o boil_n of_o brine_n till_o a_o egg_n swim_v thereon_o and_o will_v not_o sink_v this_o be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o conclude_v from_o whence_o the_o saltness_n and_o bitterness_n of_o the_o sulphur-well_n proceed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o stink_a odour_n thereof_o that_o i_o suppose_v be_v cause_v from_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o burn_a bitumen_n and_o adust_a terreness_n mix_v therewith_o which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o very_a head_n of_o the_o well_o ob._n if_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o this_o spring_n as_o there_o be_v of_o the_o sea_n then_o why_o be_v there_o not_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o sulphurous_a odour_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o this_o and_o why_o do_v not_o the_o sea_n receive_v and_o retain_v the_o same_o odour_n as_o this_o do_v sol._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o same_o odour_n may_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o this_o water_n together_o with_o the_o saltness_n thereof_o but_o because_o the_o saltness_n thereof_o be_v communicate_v to_o it_o by_o degree_n viz._n from_o some_o certain_a gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o also_o this_o odour_n for_o it_o can_v be_v rational_o conceive_v that_o the_o whole_a sea_n receive_v all_o its_o salt_n into_o itself_o at_o one_o time_n after_o a_o natural_a way_n and_o therefore_o be_v such_o a_o great_a body_n must_v become_v saltish_a by_o little_a and_o little_a even_o insensible_o and_o according_o the_o sulphurous_a odour_n also_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o insensible_o and_o although_o the_o saltness_n may_v continue_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o salt_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o fix_a substance_n yet_o the_o odour_n be_v of_o a_o subtle_a volatile_a nature_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o lose_v but_o now_o the_o case_n be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sulphur-well_n for_o this_o be_v at_o once_o full_o impregnate_v with_o the_o say_a saltness_n and_o sulphurous_a odour_n and_o immediate_o pass_v away_o through_o narrow_a channelsâ—_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o vanish_n of_o the_o odour_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o otherwise_o which_o it_o contract_v from_o the_o
unless_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o which_o all_o philosopher_n deny_v viz._n that_o a_o privatione_fw-la ad_fw-la habitum_fw-la datur_fw-la regressuc_fw-la last_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o his_o opinion_n he_o bring_v in_o a_o experiment_n viz._n air_n shut_v up_o in_o a_o iron_n pipe_n of_o a_o ell_n long_o may_v be_v compress_v by_o force_n that_o it_o will_v be_v contain_v within_o the_o space_n of_o five_o finger_n which_o when_o it_o expand_v itself_o drive_v out_o the_o pellet_n with_o which_o it_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o one_o end_n with_o a_o sound_n like_o to_o that_o of_o a_o gun_n which_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o air_n thus_o compress_v can_v have_v be_v turn_v into_o water_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o iron_n argument_n confirm_v the_o three_o opinion_n and_o objection_n make_v against_o it_o answer_v the_o three_o opinion_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o and_o be_v hold_v by_o plato_n and_o thales_n himself_o one_o of_o the_o first_o philosopher_n in_o greece_n and_o not_o so_o only_o but_o be_v also_o assert_v in_o sacred_a writ_n viz._n eclesiastes_n chap._n i._n vers._n 7._o where_o the_o wise_a of_o man_n affirm_v that_o all_o the_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a unto_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o river_n come_v thither_o they_o return_v again_o the_o reason_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v many_o but_o the_o chief_a be_v these_o two_o first_o because_o there_o be_v not_o anybody_o beside_o the_o vast_a ocean_n that_o can_v afford_v near_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o spring_v from_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o increase_v by_o that_o multitude_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v daily_o into_o it_o as_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unless_o they_o do_v by_o occult_a cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o their_o fountain_n as_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o fore_o cite_v place_n by_o the_o wise_a of_o philosopher_n neither_o be_v aristotle_n impute_v the_o waste_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o wind_n of_o any_o force_n to_o persuade_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o although_o this_o kind_n of_o waste_v may_v be_v grant_v in_o part_n yet_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o his_o judgement_n his_o whole_a element_n of_o water_n have_v be_v long_o since_o consume_v obj._n see_v the_o sea_n according_a to_o its_o situation_n be_v low_a than_o spring_n for_o the_o course_n of_o water_n be_v downward_o how_o then_o do_v the_o water_n thereof_o ascend_v so_o high_a as_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n especial_o those_o in_o high_a mountain_n and_o hill_n sol._n i_o shall_v first_o show_v after_o what_o manner_n it_o do_v not_o ascend_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o for_o there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n concerning_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o ascent_n 1._o it_o be_v not_o force_v upward_o by_o a_o spirit_n or_o breath_n that_o be_v in_o the_o water_n itself_o as_o pliny_n and_o vallesius_n suppose_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o intrinsical_a impulsive_a spirit_n or_o breath_n in_o water_n as_o it_o can_v not_o rational_o be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v any_o other_o way_n but_o by_o tempest_n sometime_o and_o the_o moon_n by_o way_n of_o tide_n yet_o that_o can_v not_o though_o assist_v extrinsecal_o by_o strong_a wind_n blow_v contrary_o and_o that_o in_o a_o open_a sea_n force_v they_o to_o the_o height_n of_o spring_n much_o less_o can_v it_o alone_o in_o subterraneal_a crooked_a channel_n 2._o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n force_v it_o up_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o bodinus_fw-la and_o thales_n for_o the_o earth_n see_v it_o be_v a_o solid_a and_o firm_a body_n do_v not_o lie_v upon_o and_o press_v the_o water_n but_o contrary_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n neither_o be_v the_o earth_n hold_v up_o by_o the_o water_n but_o the_o water_n by_o the_o earth_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o all_o river_n lake_n pit_n and_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o it_o be_v in_o channel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v quite_o full_a as_o it_o sometime_o happen_v the_o upper_a part_n alone_o prove_v empty_a which_o will_v not_o be_v if_o the_o water_n be_v press_v by_o the_o earth_n but_o contrary_o 3._o neither_o do_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v itself_o up_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n viz._n above_o its_o place_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n and_o so_o above_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n towards_o which_o it_o force_v itself_o by_o its_o natural_a descent_n and_o so_o rise_v up_o again_o as_o high_a as_o the_o level_n of_o the_o water_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v but_o he_o prove_v it_o not_o only_o he_o assert_v it_o but_o doctor_n jorden_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o bath_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o touch_v the_o sea_n be_v high_o than_o the_o earth_n though_o he_o hold_v that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o the_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o give_v some_o plausible_a account_n of_o it_o for_o say_v he_o although_o near_o the_o coast_n it_o be_v depress_v and_o low_a than_o the_o shore_n yet_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o that_o because_o it_o be_v terminate_v by_o the_o dry_a and_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o see_v in_o a_o cup_n or_o bowl_n of_o water_n fill_v to_o the_o top_n we_o may_v put_v in_o a_o great_a bulk_n of_o silver_n in_o piece_n and_o yet_o the_o water_n will_v not_o run_v over_o but_o be_v heighten_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o bowl_n the_o like_a say_v he_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n put_v upon_o a_o table_n where_o the_o edge_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o water_n be_v terminate_v by_o the_o dry_a substance_n of_o the_o table_n be_v depress_v and_o low_a than_o the_o middle_a like_o a_o half_a globe_n but_o take_v away_o the_o termination_n by_o moisten_v the_o table_n and_o the_o drop_n sink_v even_o to_o a_o evenness_n and_o whereas_o we_o see_v say_v he_o that_o river_n run_v downward_o towards_o the_o sea_n per_fw-la declive_a it_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v low_a than_o the_o land_n but_o only_o near_o the_o shore_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o terminate_v and_o in_o lieu_n of_o this_o it_o have_v scope_n enough_o assign_v it_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o globe_n and_o so_o to_o be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o land_n if_o not_o high_a now_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a in_o the_o middle_a than_o the_o high_a place_n of_o the_o land_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o it_o shall_v force_v itself_o to_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n soon_o than_o into_o river_n which_o be_v far_o low_o than_o the_o head_n of_o spring_n and_o more_o open_a than_o the_o narrow_a channel_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o it_o must_v pass_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o for_o that_o similitude_n of_o his_o concerning_o the_o termination_n of_o water_n by_o dryness_n it_o will_v not_o hold_v water_n nay_o it_o rather_o make_v against_o he_o than_o for_o he_o for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o termination_n be_v take_v away_o by_o moisture_n now_o let_v i_o demand_v of_o he_o or_o of_o those_o of_o his_o judgement_n whether_o or_o no_o many_o great_a river_n terminate_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a moisture_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o water_n make_v by_o the_o dryness_n of_o earth_n and_o so_o to_o make_v the_o globous_a sea_n to_o sink_v to_o a_o evenness_n 4._o and_o as_o the_o water_n be_v not_o elevate_v by_o any_o of_o the_o three_o foregoing_a way_n of_o impulse_n or_o force_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o any_o of_o these_o two_o way_n of_o attraction_n viz._n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o planet_n or_o by_o the_o earth_n suck_v it_o in_o as_o a_o sponge_n do_v water_n from_o beneath_o and_o send_v it_o to_o high_a place_n for_o the_o first_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o attractive_a virtue_n demonstrate_v and_o if_o there_o be_v it_o will_v as_o well_o and_o promiscous_o extend_v a_o like_a to_o valley_n and_o low_a country_n where_o we_o see_v few_o fountain_n as_o well_o as_o to_o high_a mountain_n and_o hill_n from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o great_a spring_n as_o to_o the_o second_o a_o attractive_a virtue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o here_o attract_v to_o this_o end_n that_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v may_v consume_v retain_v or_o
to_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o they_o to_o premise_v something_o concerning_o the_o original_a of_o they_o in_o general_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o there_o have_v be_v great_a controversy_n betwixt_o the_o stoic_n and_o peripatetic_n about_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o now_o the_o several_a opinion_n concerning_o the_o original_a of_o last_a spring_n which_o be_v call_v fontes_n perennes_fw-la may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o head_n for_o either_o they_o proceed_v from_o rain-water_n or_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneal_a channel_n if_o any_o shall_v object_v as_o some_o have_v do_v and_o say_v they_o may_v come_v from_o subterraneal_a lake_n let_v i_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o those_o sake_n proceed_v not_o from_o some_o of_o the_o three_o former_a and_o whether_o they_o will_v not_o in_o time_n be_v exhaust_v if_o otherwise_o argument_n for_o the_o first_o opinion_n alleadgedand_v answer_v arg._n they_o that_o contend_v for_o the_o first_o opinion_n such_o as_o be_v albertus_n magnus_fw-la georgius_n agricola_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o in_o those_o country_n where_o there_o fall_v but_o little_a rain_n the_o spring_n be_v few_o and_o small_a and_o that_o in_o winter_n time_n all_o spring_n flow_v more_o plentiful_o than_o in_o summer_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o wetnes_n of_o the_o season_n and_o what_o become_v say_v they_o of_o all_o the_o rain_n if_o it_o sink_v not_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o maintain_v spring_n sol_fw-la 1._o the_o assertion_n concerning_o the_o increase_n of_o spring_n in_o winter_n be_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o st._n mugnus_fw-la well_o in_o yorkshire_n as_o i_o be_v most_o credible_o inform_v by_o the_o woman_n that_o have_v look_v to_o it_o and_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o it_o for_o these_o many_o year_n last_o past_a begin_v to_o rise_v high_a about_o may_n and_o to_o fall_v low_a about_o october_n beside_o divers_a more_o spring_n which_o in_o several_a county_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v dry_v up_o all_o the_o winter_n and_o flow_v a_o new_a towards_o the_o summer_n and_o pliny_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o certain_a spring_n in_o cydonia_n before_o lesbon_n that_o flow_v only_o at_o the_o spring_n many_o more_o of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v produce_v if_o there_o be_v occasion_n 2._o if_o that_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a which_o they_o say_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o rain_n be_v the_o material_a cause_n of_o spring_n although_o at_o that_o time_n they_o break_v forth_o which_o be_v before_o dry_v up_o for_o their_o dry_n up_o be_v not_o occasion_v for_o want_v of_o rain_n to_o supply_v they_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o its_o superficies_n which_o attract_v to_o itself_o and_o drink_v in_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o its_o drought_n the_o water_n of_o the_o spring_n which_o it_o do_v again_o let_v go_v when_o it_o have_v drink_v plentiful_o of_o the_o shower_n from_o heaven_n now_o that_o the_o dry_a earth_n will_v drink_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o dry_n up_o of_o river_n in_o a_o long_a drought_n by_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o the_o fountain_n which_o be_v the_o head_n of_o those_o river_n flow_v plentiful_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o some_o do_v although_o other_o some_o be_v dry_v up_o and_o as_o for_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v forth_o only_o after_o great_a rain_n they_o be_v cause_v from_o the_o rain_n which_o be_v drink_v up_o by_o some_o boggy_a spongious_a earth_n and_o be_v drain_v from_o thence_o or_o which_o be_v sink_v into_o some_o cavern_n or_o hollow_a place_n near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o some_o secret_a passage_n thither_o and_o there_o be_v collect_v in_o some_o considerable_a quantity_n imitate_v a_o spring_n as_o long_o as_o it_o last_v 3._o the_o grate_a part_n of_o shower_n of_o rain_n fall_v upon_o high_a place_n run_v down_o from_o thence_o into_o plain_n and_o from_o plain_n through_o small_a channel_n or_o trench_n into_o river_n and_o that_o rain_n which_o fall_v upon_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o can_v in_o some_o such_o manner_n be_v convey_v away_o remain_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o it_o be_v exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o we_o see_v in_o divers_a place_n beside_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o rain_n sink_v so_o far_o into_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o supply_v spring_n and_o that_o because_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v by_o all_o that_o dig_v in_o the_o earth_n that_o rain_n wett_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o reason_n hereof_o seneca_n the_o philosopher_n give_v in_o his_o three_o book_n naturalium_fw-la quaestionum_fw-la chap._n 7._o where_o he_o say_v that_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v satiate_v with_o shower_n it_o then_o receive_v in_o no_o more_o and_o this_o we_o see_v by_o daily_a experience_n beside_o when_o we_o dig_v a_o well_n although_o it_o be_v in_o a_o soft_a place_n we_o dig_v sometime_o one_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a before_o we_o come_v at_o quick_a spring_n and_o that_o the_o rain_n shall_v sink_v so_o deep_a it_o be_v no_o way_n probable_a nay_o although_o there_o be_v hallow_v vein_n and_o chink_n in_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o many_o will_v have_v it_o pass_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n for_o who_o can_v easy_o conceive_v that_o those_o vein_n and_o cranny_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o be_v in_o every_o place_n where_o there_o be_v spring_n be_v easy_o stop_v with_o dust_n or_o dirt_n which_o the_o rain_n carry_v with_o it_o when_o it_o be_v fall_v on_o the_o earth_n or_o swell_v up_o and_o contract_v as_o we_o see_v they_o be_v in_o summer_n time_n with_o rain_n after_o a_o long_a drought_n argument_n for_o the_o second_o opinion_n allege_v and_o answer_v arg._n they_o that_o contend_v for_o the_o second_o opinion_n such_o as_o seneca_n etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o spring_n be_v generate_v chief_o of_o earth_n change_v into_o water_n and_o that_o because_o all_o element_n be_v mutual_o transmutable_a into_o one_o the_o other_o and_o some_o as_o aristotle_n and_o h._n ab_fw-la here_o be_v that_o spring_n be_v generate_v of_o the_o air_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o the_o coldness_n thereof_o condense_v into_o water_n sol_fw-la 1._o it_o be_v more_o probable_a according_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o density_n of_o the_o earth_n water_n shall_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o earth_n than_o the_o earth_n into_o water_n 2._o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o see_v that_o ten_o part_n of_o air_n if_o not_o many_o more_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o one_o part_n of_o water_n conteinable_a in_o the_o same_o space_n there_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o contain_n of_o so_o much_o air_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o spring_v daily_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n beside_o so_o much_o air_n be_v spend_v there_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v a_o vacuum_n for_o where_o shall_v there_o be_v so_o many_o and_o great_a cranny_n or_o hole_n to_o let_v the_o air_n into_o the_o earth_n fast_o enough_o but_o if_o there_o be_v yet_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o so_o much_o air_n can_v be_v corrupt_v in_o such_o a_o moment_n the_o whole_a elementary_a air_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n most_o subtle_a and_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v such_o abundance_n of_o water_n as_o all_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v amount_v to_o now_o although_o this_o answer_n be_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o common_a philosopher_n and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o this_o objection_n yet_o helmont_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o such_o supposition_n viz._n that_o air_n and_o water_n can_v at_o all_o be_v mutual_o transmute_v into_o one_o the_o other_o it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o that_o water_n can_v easy_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o vapour_n and_o the_o say_a vapour_n into_o water_n again_o but_o this_o vapour_n be_v nothing_o else_o material_o and_o formal_o but_o a_o congery_n of_o atom_n of_o water_n sublime_v and_o air_n will_v not_o in_o cold_a or_o heat_n yield_v water_v any_o more_o than_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o vapour_n viz._n of_o rarefy_a water_n for_o say_v he_o if_o those_o two_o element_n be_v so_o mutual_o convertible_a one_o species_n must_v be_v transmute_v into_o another_o and_o the_o air_n that_o be_v make_v out_o of_o water_n may_v be_v again_o reduce_v into_o the_o same_o numerical_a waterwhich_v it_o be_v before_o its_o rarefaction_n but_o this_o can_v be_v
enjoy_v what_o be_v attract_v and_o over_o and_o above_o that_o none_o or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o much_o as_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o make_n of_o spring_n 5._o neither_o be_v there_o such_o vein_n in_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o water_n shall_v pass_v as_o clothe_v wine_n through_o crooked_a pipe_n or_o crane_n wt al_a wine-cooper_n and_o vintner_n use_n for_o the_o draw_n of_o wine_n out_o of_o one_o vessel_n into_o a_o other_o through_o which_o the_o wine_n be_v once_o suck_v run_v continual_o till_o all_o be_v run_v forth_o for_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o whole_o and_o throughout_o full_a as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v be_v before_o water_n will_v ascend_v through_o they_o for_o preservation_n of_o its_o continuity_n and_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o vacuum_n 6._o neither_o be_v the_o water_n raise_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o helmont_n sabulum_fw-la or_o virgin-earth_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o certain_a 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intus_fw-la alit_fw-la vasti_fw-la quoque_fw-la marmoris_fw-la aequor_fw-la mens_fw-la agitat_fw-la molem_fw-la totam_fw-la diffusa_fw-la per_fw-la artus_fw-la and_o he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o sea_n have_v in_o it_o a_o kind_n of_o life_n because_o though_o the_o wind_n cease_v yet_o it_o have_v its_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o observe_v its_o tide_n according_a to_o certain_a observation_n that_o it_o have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o if_o it_o will_v rise_v to_o meet_v she_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o weight_n of_o helmont_n argument_n and_o that_o indeed_o be_v little_a or_o none_o as_o i_o conceive_v for_o first_o he_o do_v not_o any_o way_n demonstrate_v that_o continuation_n of_o his_o virgin-earth_n from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n much_o less_o the_o vitality_n thereof_o second_o for_o the_o vitality_n of_o water_n he_o only_o quote_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n and_o three_o for_o the_o spontaneous_a flow_n of_o 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frosty_a weather_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o three_o because_o the_o water_n of_o that_o weatherglass_n if_o it_o be_v open_a at_o the_o top_n as_o the_o vein_n of_o fountain_n be_v will_v not_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o season_n so_o as_o to_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_o for_o that_o in_o a_o close_a glass_n it_o arise_v only_o ad_fw-la evitandum_fw-la vacuum_fw-la and_o now_o rather_o than_o nature_n shall_v suffer_v a_o vacuum_n by_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v vapour_n and_o fume_n will_v proceed_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n nay_o the_o next_o adjacent_a warm_a air_n will_v come_v in_o as_o a_o supply_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n soon_o than_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v rarify_v which_o will_v not_o in_o a_o open_a glass_n be_v raise_v at_o all_o though_o the_o weather_n be_v never_o so_o cold_a by_o these_o seven_o negative_n it_o appear_v how_o the_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o ascend_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o 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that_o condense_v vapour_n into_o water_n but_o now_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o these_o vapour_n pass_v be_v warm_a as_o be_v agree_v by_o most_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o there_o must_v be_v cold_a for_o the_o condense_n of_o vapour_n into_o water_n it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o there_o be_v a_o more_o remiss_a degree_n of_o heat_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o alembic_n and_o the_o cover_n of_o a_o seethe_a pot_n the_o interior_a superficies_n thereof_o be_v full_a of_o drop_n while_o they_o themselves_o be_v warm_a now_o for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o vapour_n of_o any_o liquid_a matter_n heat_n be_v altogether_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o and_o for_o much_o vapour_n there_o be_v much_o heat_n and_o a_o considerable_a proportion_n of_o humour_n require_v but_o see_v abundance_n of_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o subterraneal_a heat_n which_o must_v be_v in_o like_o proportion_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o spring_n be_v next_o and_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v into_o now_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v hot_a it_o be_v know_v by_o daily_a experience_n and_o lucilius_n baldus_n say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v new_o dig_v be_v hot_a and_o smoke_v and_o that_o out_o of_o deep_a well_n be_v draw_v warm_a water_n and_o especial_o in_o winter_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a bind_v the_o earth_n and_o keep_v in_o the_o heat_n but_o how_o this_o heat_n come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n he_o speak_v like_o a_o stoic_a and_o say_v it_o be_v in_o it_o as_o natural_o as_o vital_a heat_n be_v in_o animal_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o probable_a as_o that_o of_o the_o peripatetic_n who_o say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o
burn_v in_o the_o very_a cavity_n and_o cavern_n of_o they_o the_o cavity_n themselves_o consist_v of_o a_o bituminous_a matter_n for_o bitumen_n and_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v of_o it_o be_v kindle_v burn_v in_o water_n by_o which_o also_o the_o say_a fire_n be_v cherish_v this_o you_o may_v see_v in_o naphtha_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bitumen_n for_o if_o you_o put_v but_o a_o drop_n thereof_o into_o water_n and_o put_v fire_n to_o it_o you_o will_v see_v it_o burn_v and_o continue_v burn_v so_o long_o that_o you_o will_v wonder_v at_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v feed_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o do_v attract_v and_o transmute_v into_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o like_o you_o may_v see_v in_o champhir_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o bitumen_n pliny_n also_o affirm_v that_o these_o be_v some_o certain_a burn_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o sometime_o cast_v out_o bitumen_n and_o be_v increase_v by_o rain_n and_o fallopius_n say_v that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o mutina_n be_v a_o short_a plat_n of_o ground_n out_o of_o which_o come_v fire_n and_o smoke_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v all_o like_o dust_n which_o if_o you_o kindle_v you_o can_v quench_v again_o with_o water_n so_o that_o these_o kind_n of_o fire_n be_v perpetual_a and_o very_o long_o last_v in_o water_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o fiery_a bituminous_a matter_n do_v sometime_o flow_v out_o of_o hot_a spring_n pliny_n make_v mention_v that_o in_o the_o city_n somosata_n of_o comaganes_n a_o certain_a lake_n send_v forth_o burn_a mud_n and_o plato_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o like_a concerning_o a_o spring_n in_o sicilia_n and_o agricola_n report_v another_o upon_o his_o credit_n fallopius_n also_o say_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v deep_a there_o be_v ash_n and_o calcine_v stone_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o modena_n bolonia_n florence_n and_o other_o place_n as_o in_o italy_n etc._o etc._o there_o be_v find_v spring_n and_o several_a place_n cast_v out_o fire_n but_o as_o to_o spring_n this_o happen_v only_o where_o the_o bituminous_a matter_n be_v very_o near_o the_o spring_n head_n and_o as_o high_a and_o where_o the_o vein_n be_v more_o open_a now_o than_o the_o manner_n of_o spring_n be_v cause_v by_o this_o bituminous_a fire_n be_v this_o viz._n see_v art_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n imitate_v nature_n the_o thing_n be_v even_o the_o same_o in_o a_o hot_a spring_n as_o in_o a_o distil_a vessel_n or_o a_o seethe_a pot_n cover_v with_o a_o lid_n only_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n that_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v on_o the_o out_o side_n but_o here_o the_o fire_n be_v within_o the_o cavern_n itself_o through_o which_o the_o water_n pass_v and_o that_o either_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o stick_v to_o the_o side_n thereof_o as_o therefore_o in_o these_o artificial_a vessel_n the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n resolve_v into_o a_o vapour_n be_v force_v upward_o to_o the_o cover_n or_o head_n thereof_o where_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o less_o degree_n of_o heat_n it_o be_v condense_v into_o drop_n and_o return_v to_o its_o self_n and_o into_o its_o own_o nature_n again_o so_o even_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n water_n in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v heat_v by_o the_o bituminous_a fire_n with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v be_v by_o the_o heat_n thereof_o force_v into_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n which_o ascend_v through_o the_o cranine_n vein_n and_o fibre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v there_o for_o the_o great_a part_n turn_v into_o water_n do_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o vapour_n yet_o very_o hot_a break_v forth_o in_o fountain_n viz._n very_o hot_a and_o very_o full_a of_o spirit_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o boil_v if_o the_o fountain_n be_v near_o to_o the_o cavern_n or_o only_o warm_a if_o more_o remote_a and_o as_o these_o 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and_o be_v like_a to_o continue_v for_o ever_o and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v that_o element_n for_o ever_o which_o must_v preserve_v that_o fire_n sol._n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o must_v at_o present_a be_v so_o much_o bitumen_n as_o will_v maintain_v the_o fire_n so_o long_o for_o it_o be_v perpetual_o generate_v and_o as_o long_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v sic_fw-la city_n and_o humidity_n in_o the_o earth_n there_o will_v be_v bitumen_n generate_v and_o do_v not_o we_o see_v that_o metal_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a in_o the_o same_o place_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v former_o be_v dig_v witness_v the_o profit_n which_o fallopius_n say_v the_o duke_n of_o florence_n have_v by_o it_o and_o the_o testimony_n of_o learned_a sendivogius_n who_o say_v that_o there_o have_v be_v metal_n find_v in_o mountain_n where_o former_o there_o have_v be_v none_o if_o so_o then_o much_o more_o may_v sulphur_n and_o bitumen_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a ob._n if_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o bitumen_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a yet_o if_o that_o be_v the_o aliment_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o fire_n will_v change_v its_o place_n because_o the_o bitumen_n be_v consume_v one_o part_n after_o another_o and_o so_o by_o consequence_n the_o bath_n will_v not_o be_v so_o equal_o hot_a as_o before_o the_o fire_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o fountain_n sol._n the_o flame_n be_v feed_v two_o way_n either_o when_o the_o flame_n follow_v the_o matter_n as_o when_o the_o fire_n burn_v wood_n or_o when_o the_o matter_n follow_v the_o flame_n as_o in_o a_o lamp_n in_o which_o the_o oil_n follow_v the_o flame_n not_o the_o flame_n the_o oil_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o fire_n be_v always_o in_o one_o place_n neither_o do_v that_o withstand_v it_o which_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o sulphur_n which_o be_v burn_v part_n after_o part_n the_o fire_n follow_v of_o it_o for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o in_o the_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a heat_n the_o bitumen_n and_o sulphur_n be_v melt_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n follow_v the_o flame_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o oil._n ob._n if_o bitumen_n feed_v the_o fire_n of_o these_o bath_n than_o the_o water_n thereof_o will_v have_v the_o odour_n taste_n and_o colour_n of_o bitumen_n but_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v not_o sol._n though_o all_o bath_n be_v heat_v by_o bitumen_n yet_o some_o immediate_o as_o those_o which_o do_v pass_v through_o the_o place_n where_o it_o burn_v and_o these_o only_o have_v the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o same_o and_o some_o mediate_o as_o those_o that_o pass_v through_o place_n as_o rock_n etc._n etc._n heat_v by_o bitumen_n burn_v under_o they_o as_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o empedocles_n and_o vitruvius_n neither_o do_v i_o by_o this_o distinction_n contradict_v what_o i_o say_v before_o concerning_o the_o water_n be_v distil_v up_o by_o that_o fire_n only_o which_o burn_v in_o the_o cavern_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v for_o in_o this_o place_n i_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o water_n be_v heat_v this_o mediate_a heat_n not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o distil_v they_o to_o any_o considerable_a height_n ob._n it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o any_o subterraneal_a fire_n can_v burn_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o cup_a glass_n where_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v apply_v the_o fire_n go_v out_o beside_o the_o fuliginous_a vapour_n will_v recoil_v and_o choke_v the_o fire_n for_o there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o vent_n and_o exhalation_n see_v sol._n there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o great_a want_n
substance_n maginus_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o a_o lake_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o bottone_n whereof_o if_o you_o put_v a_o staff_n it_o will_v be_v pull_v out_o some_o month_n after_o be_v turn_v into_o iron_n viz._n that_o part_n which_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n and_o that_o part_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n into_o a_o whetstone_n aristotle_n mention_v a_o certain_a fountain_n in_o sicilia_n into_o which_o if_o live_a creature_n be_v before_o kill_v be_v put_v they_o will_v become_v alive_a again_o athenaeus_n say_v that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o river_n clitoris_fw-la have_v a_o certain_a voice_n solinus_n speak_v of_o a_o fountain_n that_o be_v in_o boeotia_n which_o help_v the_o memory_n isidorus_n say_v the_o like_a of_o the_o river_n lethe_n which_o cause_v forgetfulness_n scaliger_n say_v that_o the_o river_n of_o juverna_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o the_o leaf_n of_o a_o certain_a tree_n hang_v over_o fall_v into_o it_o become_v live_a fish_n pliny_n report_v that_o in_o agro_n carrinensi_fw-la in_o spain_n be_v a_o certain_a fountain_n which_o make_v all_o the_o fish_n that_o live_v in_o the_o water_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o golden_a colour_n agricola_n affirm_v that_o fish_n live_v in_o the_o hot_a sulphur-water_n of_o the_o low_a pannonia_n near_o buda_n varro_n and_o solinus_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o arabia_n which_o if_o the_o sheep_n drink_v thereof_o change_v the_o colour_n of_o their_o fleece_n and_o make_v the_o white_a to_o become_v black_a pliny_n report_v that_o the_o water_n in_fw-la falisco_fw-la make_v the_o cattle_n that_o drink_v thereof_o to_o become_v white_a he_o also_o say_v that_o in_o pontus_n the_o river_n astaces_n water_v the_o field_n make_v the_o mare_n that_o feed_v therein_o to_o yield_v a_o black_a milk_n which_o feed_v the_o country_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o ulcester_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o he_o that_o wash_v himself_o shall_v never_o become_v grey_a i_o can_v reckon_v up_o many_o more_o water_n of_o very_o strange_a nature_n but_o whether_o they_o or_o these_o already_o mention_v be_v all_o certain_o true_a i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o affirm_v only_o thus_o much_o i_o will_v say_v that_o some_o of_o they_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v other_o some_o i_o be_o assure_v of_o from_o those_o who_o unquestionable_a worth_n may_v just_o command_v i_o and_o other_o man_n faith_n to_o their_o indeniable_a testimony_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n we_o may_v believe_v they_o according_a to_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o historian_n these_o here_o i_o mention_v that_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o how_o capable_a water_n be_v of_o receive_v diversity_n of_o qualification_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o although_o some_o of_o they_o may_v seem_v magical_a and_o supernatural_a yet_o may_v they_o upon_o a_o profound_a enquiry_n be_v make_v to_o appear_v true_o natural_a chap._n iv._o of_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o simple_a water_n i_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o better_a conceive_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o particular_a to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o water_n in_o general_a or_o of_o simple_a water_n which_o be_v a_o element_n as_o say_v sendivogius_n most_o heavy_a full_a of_o unctuous_a phlegm_n and_o be_v more_o worthy_a in_o its_o kind_n than_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v without_o volatile_a but_o within_o fix_a cold_a and_o moist_a attemper_v by_o air_n it_o be_v the_o sperm_n of_o the_o world_n in_o which_o the_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v preserve_v and_o it_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o every_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o ancient_n {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o {non-roman}_o thales_n as_o say_v aristotle_n call_v one_o and_o the_o same_o water_n the_o beginning_n of_o all_o thing_n empedocles_n also_o believe_v that_o of_o water_n be_v all_o thing_n make_v hippon_n also_o say_v aristotle_n call_v it_o the_o soul_n of_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o which_o make_v hypocrates_n say_v that_o water_n and_o fire_n be_v the_o principle_n of_o life_n and_o especial_o water_n for_o say_v he_o many_o animal_n may_v want_v fire_n but_o none_o can_v well_o live_v without_o water_n theophrastus_n affirm_v that_o water_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o indeed_o if_o water_n be_v accurate_o anotamize_v you_o shall_v clear_o see_v that_o both_o vegetable_n mineral_n and_o animal_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v treat_v more_o large_o else_o where_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o stand_v to_o repeat_v especial_o since_o my_o purpose_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o medicinal_a virtue_n of_o water_n now_o we_o must_v know_v that_o water_n be_v twofold_a for_o either_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o mineral_n which_o we_o more_o usual_o call_v medicinal_a water_n be_v call_v simple_a not_o according_a to_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o to_o our_o sense_n or_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o which_o be_v mineral_n and_o of_o this_o there_o be_v five_o kind_n viz._n rain_n fountain_n pit_n river_n and_o stand_v water_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stand_v to_o prove_v whether_o or_o no_o water_n be_v nutritive_a or_o be_v only_o a_o vehiculum_fw-la of_o aliment_n as_o galen_n will_v have_v it_o because_o in_o another_o treatise_n i_o have_v clear_o show_v how_o vegetable_n animal_n and_o mineral_n be_v generate_v of_o and_o increase_v by_o water_n which_o have_v such_o strange_a dissimilary_n or_o heterogeneal_a part_n as_o can_v scarce_o be_v believe_v by_o those_o who_o never_o see_v the_o spagyrical_a anatomy_n thereof_o or_o curious_o examine_v the_o production_n of_o all_o natural_a thing_n i_o shall_v insist_v only_o upon_o the_o medicinal_a use_n thereof_o as_o be_v administer_v either_o to_o prevent_v or_o cure_v the_o distemper_n of_o the_o body_n simple_a water_n which_o cool_v and_o moisten_v be_v either_o take_v inward_o or_o use_v outward_o it_o be_v take_v inward_o either_o warm_a or_o cold_a the_o virtue_n of_o warm-water_n take_v inward_o be_v these_o which_o follow_v viz._n 1._o it_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o warmth_n cause_n nauseouseness_n and_o it_o be_v drink_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n to_o cause_v vomit_v in_o headache_n proceed_v from_o drunkenness_n and_o in_o any_o other_o illness_n of_o stomach_n but_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o they_o that_o have_v very_o cold_a weak_a and_o laxated_a stomach_n must_v abstain_v from_o this_o kind_n of_o vomit_n because_o warm_a water_n do_v moisten_v very_o much_o and_o so_o by_o consequence_n will_v laxate_v that_o stomach_n more_o than_o it_o be_v before_o also_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v administer_v to_o those_o that_o be_v accustom_v to_o drink_v of_o water_n for_o they_o it_o will_v not_o move_v to_o vomit_v but_o remain_v in_o the_o body_n and_o weaken_v the_o vessel_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a account_n of_o its_o extreme_a moisten_v 2._o it_o allay_v sharp_a acid_a and_o gnaw_a humour_n and_o cure_v such_o symptom_n as_o proceed_v from_o thence_o as_o say_v galen_n also_o it_o repress_v the_o ebullition_n of_o choler_n and_o help_v the_o inflammation_n of_o the_o throat_n and_o mouth_n cause_v thereby_o as_o say_v aetius_n 3._o it_o cure_v the_o inflammation_n of_o the_o reins_o by_o alter_v of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v take_v before_o meal_n note_v that_o if_o warm_a water_n be_v give_v to_o cause_v vomit_v it_o must_v be_v administer_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o pint_n or_o two_o or_o of_o as_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a thereunto_o but_o if_o it_o be_v use_v for_o qualification_n it_o must_v be_v take_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o cup_n only_o which_o may_v not_o cause_v nauseousness_n the_o use_n and_o virtue_n of_o cold_a water_n be_v these_o viz._n 1._o it_o conduce_v to_o long_a life_n in_o regard_n it_o condense_v the_o spirit_n say_v the_o lord_n virulam_n and_o indeed_o water_n be_v the_o usual_a drink_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o live_v long_o 2._o it_o repel_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o coldness_n and_o be_v therefore_o effectual_a against_o divers_a distemper_n it_o force_v crudity_n out_o of_o the_o stomach_n and_o as_o say_v aetius_n promote_v the_o operation_n of_o any_o medicine_n that_o be_v take_v and_o work_v not_o beside_o it_o suppress_v the_o fume_n of_o vapour_n to_o the_o head_n as_o say_v dioscorides_n and_o mesue_v and_o be_v drink_v at_o bedtime_n cause_v quiet_a rest_n as_o say_v the_o lord_n virulam_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr vita_fw-la et_fw-la morte_fw-la by_o suppress_v the_o ascent_n of_o vapour_n to_o the_o head_n 3._o it_o allay_v extreme_a hot_a distemper_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o any_o particular_a part_n as_o in_o the_o stomach_n liver_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o the_o