know certainly That there would not happen any great Change in the Weather It is true that when there fell some small Drops of Rain it would fall a little but this was not considerable and rather confirms my Assertion than destroys it And in the last cloudy Weather which we have had I have not been Mistaken in my Judgment thereof upon this same Foundation 3. Another Time seeing that after a small Rain the Mercury rose very high I thought that we should have a Serenity that would last but on the contrary having remarked that it descended after it had rained I was in much Doubt whether we should have Cloudy and Rainy Weather 4. I believe that the Principal Reason for which we become more chilly and more weak when the Mercury appears at the lowest and the Air is the highest is because the Air serves to our Bodies for Nourishment even as Water serves for Aliment to Fish when we are deprived of the ordinary Quantity of this Nuurture it happens to us as it does with Fish when Water faileth them 5. That the lowest I ever saw the Mercury fall since the Time I remarkt it was the twenty eighth of October 1665. towards Evening for it appeared to me then fallen twenty seven Inches and an half as I find it in my Remarks with these Circumstances The twenty fifth of October in the Morning the Mercury was twenty eight Inches and an half great Storm and Rain The twenty sixth of October in the Morning the Mercury was twenty eight Inches Wind without Noise with gloomy and very thick Clouds The twenty sixth of October at Evening the Mercury was twenty seven Inches and an half that Day and the following ones an unconstant Time and frequent Rains The Mercury was lower than it used to be 6. To be still more exact I laid over the Place where my Baroscope was a Weather-cock disposed so that one may easily take each of the thirty two Points of the Wind from the half Points and quarter Points pretty far off otherwise all our Conjectures would be found false as Experience informed us By this means when some Cloud draweth nigh or some other Meteor gets higher or lower or when there riseth some Storm or Fresh Wind be it Night or Day a Servant may bring certain News of the Weight of the Air as easily and surely as he might the precise Hours after having consulted a Sun-Dial The Baroscope or Barometer whereof we have spoken is nothing else but a long Pipe of Glass having about four Feet in length and a large Cavity of about the fourth part of an Inch. This Pipe is hermetically stopped at one of the Ends and the other is filled with Quick-Silver Afterwards it is prepared turning down the End which is not stopped and sinks into other Mercury exposed to the Air and contained in a larger Vessel which is under it By this means the Quick-Silver which is in this Pipe striving to escape as much as it can and to run into the Mercury in which as we have said the Stoppage of this Pipe is thrust it follows of necessity as all those know who have seen this Experiment that what remains of the Quick-Silver stayeth suspended in this Pipe at the height of about twenty eight or thirty Inches more or less according as the Air to which this Mercury is exposed is more Light or Heavy leaving the Superior Part of this Pipe empty That which the Iournal of England calls Baroscope or Barometer is no new thing in France where it is almost as Ancient as the Suspension of Mercury for the Experience of the Tute which having been invented in Italy by Galileus of Toricelli was first used in France in 1646. by Monsieur Petit Intendent of the Fortifications as appears by the Discourses which he printed thereupon at Seb. Cramoâ—sy 's in 1647. Afterwards it was augmented by Mr. Pascal and several others who left the Mercury suspended in the Pipe for continual Experience as they called it to see the Change which would happen as to the heighth of the Mercury according to the Diversity of Time and Seasons It is more than nineteen Years since Mr. Merseune had one according to the Relation of Mr. Pascal in his Treatise of the Equi-librium of Liquors We see that in 1649. the same Experiment was made in several Places which hath been continued here in divers Times and is so yet by Mr. Aâ—zout and Tycho but finding hitherto no certain Rule of the Difference which happeneth to the Heighth of the Quick-Silver according to the Change of the Air they had not thought fit to publish any thing on 't An Extract of an English Iournal concerning a new Method how to sound the Depth of the Sea without a Cord and to discover the Nature of the Water at bottom of the Sea MR. Hook is the Author of these two new Inventions from whence Advantages may be drawn for Physicks as well as Navigation 1. To found the depth of the Sea without a Cord one must have a Globe or Bowl of Fir Maple or some other light Wood it must be rubd over with Varnish of Pitch or some such like Matter to preserve it from the Water then take a piece of Lead or Stone the weight whereof must be sufficient to sink the said Globe which must have a Staple made of Wire-Thread and a Spring also of the same Wire whose end must be crooked or bent into this Staple must be drawn the Wire-Spring which presses the crooked or bended end to which a Weight must be hang'd by its Ring to let the Globe and all the rest fall into the bottom of the Water where the Weight touching the Globe also stays there whence it follows that the Globe of Wood which is dragg'd to the bottom only by the violence of the Motion which it acquir'd in descending must also unbend the Spring and set it self at liberty to ascend again to the top of the Water so that if it be observed how long this Bowl tarries under Water 't is easy to discover the depth of the Sea by means of some Tackle that may may be made for that end He says we must take great care that the Heaviness and Figure of the Leaden Weight be proportionable to the Bigness Weight and Figure of the Wooden Globe in such manner as Experience shall discover what is most covenient In some Essays which have been already made of this Instrument the Globe which was of Maple and well covered with Pitch was 5 13 16 Inches Diameter and weighed 2 ½ Pounds The Lead weighed 4 ½ and was Pyramidal and 11 Inches in length the Point turn'd downwards The Basis was 1 2 16 Inches Diameter and the Point was 1 16 In the Thames where these Experiments were made where it was 19 Foot deep there was only six Seconds of an Hour betwixt the Immersion and Emersion of the Globe And in another place where the Water was but 10 Foot deep 't
the Ground they needed not great Eyes which would be in danger of receiving Injury It is known that the Camelion among several remarkable Things which it hath in its Eyes can move them independently the one from the other so that he can look with the one on what is before him and with the other on what is behind to see with one what is above and with the other what is below c. Therefore he is a sloathful Animal which lives upon Trees or Shrubs where Flies are nourished which he can see coming what side soever they are Fishes have a Crystalline Humour almost Spherical because the Water in which they live causing in the Sun-beams a Refraction much greater than the Air they would see nothing in the Water if the Convexity of the Crystalline Humour caused not a Refraction in the Light great enough to reunite these Beams in the bottom of the Eye Mr. Boyle is persuaded that those who might have Time and Means to examine after the same manner the Eyes of a greater number of Animals would without difficulty observe that they have them so disposed as that the Places wherein they keep and their manner of Living require it Besides this he makes a Remark upon the form of the Eye-ball of some Animals which serves to confirm his Thought which is That altho' Horses Oxen and divers other Creatures have a long Ball as well as Cats yet in the first it is placed transversely and extends from the right to the left Whereas in Cats it is situate perpendicularly A Friend of Mr. Boyles well skil'd in Opticks conjectured upon this Observation that the reason of this is That Horses and Oxen seeking their Food upon the Ground can thus receive more easily the Images of the Forage which presents it self to them from divers Parts in their transversal Ball As Cats living upon Mice and Rats which run along the Walls can more easily observe them by the perpendicular situation of their Balls than if it was otherwise disposed Thus this variety of Dispositions in the Eyes of Animals is far from giving us any disadvantageous Idea of him that hath produced them we cannot but admire his Power and Wisdom For it cannot be doubted but that a Mechanist who makes a great number of Machines is of a greater Capacity than another who could make but one sort There is even much likelihood according to Mr. Boyle considering Things but as a simple Philosopher that the Author of the Universe hath produced so great a variety of Animals but to let intelligent Creatures see his Power and his Wisdom Therefore doth Revelation teach us that this was one of the Designs of God in the Creation of the World as Mr. Boyle shews from p. 78. unto the end of the Section But before that he makes some Remarks upon that which is called Chance which deserves our Observation As to the corporeal World it 's easily believed that nothing falls out in it by Chance but all by the Rules of Motion when any free Intelligence comes in for a share But because we consider certain parts of the World as being particularly govern'd by the Divinity or at least by what others call Nature and as being destined to certain ends if it happens that by the Intervention of some other Causes which we foresee not the things in Question produce a contrary Effect to that which we believe they were destin'd we are accustom'd to say That this Effect is produced by Chance Thus Chance is nothing else but an Idea of our making and which only subsisteth in our Brains There is therefore no Reason to wonder why the Philosophers which lived before Aristotle have not put Chance among Natural Causes as we learn of Aristotle himself who justly reprehends them because of this pretended Omission Those who favour Epicurus are used to bring for Examples Things that are formed by Chance of certain Stones whose Structure is admirable as the Astroites But besides what we have said of Chance it s answered that Learned Men have of late maintain'd with likelihood enough That curious Stones of this Nature are really Animals petrify'd by some Moisture in which they have lain But by supposing that these sorts of Stones are formed in the Ground it might be said without advancing any Absurdity That there are Seminal Principles in some of the Fossils whose disposition is most composed not to mention that there is no Comparison betwixt this Disposition and that of Animals We ought in it not only to consider the solid parts but also the Liquors the Spirits the Digestions the Secretions the Regulations and Motions of the whole Body and tho' it were allowed that the Stones which we speak of are formed by Chance it could not be infer'd that Animals are thus formed for if a Smith shall give a certain Shape to a piece of Iron without thinking of it yet it cannot be concluded that this Smith can without thinking make a Clock III. The third Question is If it may be said that a Being destitute of Intelligence acteth for some end and in what Sense it may be said It 's said that a Being tends to certain ends in two Senses The one is when the Agent knoweth a certain end and that he acts purposely to arrive at it The other when the action of the near cause is directed to this end yet by an Intelligent Cause more distant It 's evident that we cannot say in the first of these Senses that any Cause destitute of Intelligence acteth in order to some end therefore it must be the second To which the Sentiment of Mr. Boyle has Relation which is That God having proposed to himself certain ends hath produced a World proper for the producing such ends For Example an able Mechanist who proposeth to himself to make a Mill to turn round and to raise Hammers to forge Iron by the means of Water he forms thereof an Idea which he afterwards executes and whose Execution produces the Effect he had proposed to himself Even so God having proposed to himself certain ends hath created the World so that he inevitably comes at it that way Mr. Boyle admonishes here That if he hath said any Thing by the bye against the common Opinion That all the Material World was made for Man he thinks only that this Question ought not to be decided after a too Dogmatick or Exclusive Manner Altho' the Reasons which are brought to shew that all the World and particularly the vast Extent in which the fixed Stars are placed was not made for Man alone yet it appeared to him more probable than those which favour the contrary Opinion notwithstanding he willingly granteth that among the ends which the Author of Nature proposed to himself in divers of his Works as Plants Animals Metals c. he had a Design to produce them for the use of Man and that this perhaps was his principal Design He hath even an inclination to believe
the Earth it must fall not being able to keep up being pointed at the end like a Sugar-loaf and the wooden Bowl being rais'd up by the Water will make its Ring to disengage from the small Iron Spike and then it will ascend with such proportion of swiftness as I believe to be unknown Thus without other Artifice one may it seems do the same thing supposing the bottom was firm and that there should be no Vessel As for the other Invention of drawing Water from the bottom of the Sea it is so darkly expounded that it can scarcely be understood one must guess that there were Pails at the two Handles that they were moveable and made like a Spring But without all this ado I have done the same thing before now with a Brasen Pump of about a foot long which I let fall into the Sea with a Cord and which had the same effect as your Pail with its Lead and all its Apparel for the lower Pipes opened themselves in descending and shut themselves in ascending and brought up Water from the bottom of the Sea But I have always found this Water Salt for five or six Fathom deep having made no Experiment lower And certainly if Experience and good Physicks were consulted the Sea should be more Salt in the bottom than at the Surface seeing the Salt being more heavy than the Water it wou'd stay at the bottom and the lightest and sweetest wou'd always rise uppermost as we see by the Rain by Lembicks and by all sorts of Evaporations and I do not believe that one can doubt of this For the Authority of Iohn Hugh van Linschoten a Hollander which says in Chap. 6. of his Voyages that writ in his own Tongue not in English That in the Isle of Baharem which is in the Persian Gulph there is fresh Water found four or five Fathom below the Salt We shou'd doubt this to be Matter of Fact had it not been related by this Author For he knows it not by Experience and relates it by Hear-say as he doth many other false Things were it nothing but what he saith of the Tomb of Mahomet whom he pretends to be in a Coffin of Iron suspended in the Air by a Vault of Stones made of Loadstone which all the World knows to be false But tho' fresh Water shou'd be found at the bottom of the Sea near the Isle of Baharem four or five Fathom under the Salt Water it follows not that one should find it elsewhere For the cause related by Texeira in his Relation De los Reyes de Harmuz where he saith That the Isle of Baharem hath much Water whereof the best is that of certain Wells very deep in the midst of the Isle and that there are great Veins of pure and fresh Water which spring in the next Sea where the Divers go for it above three Fathoms or thereabouts and that they are of Opinion these Fountains were in times past in fiâ—m Ground pretty far from the Sea which hath since covered them So you see that it is a Fact altogether particular from which we ought to not conclude That under 4 or 5 Fathoms of salt-Salt-Water there is commonly sweet Water found but only by such Causes or by the Springing up of some Rivers which are lost under Ground and come out into the Sea by Subterranean Chanels which are sometimes to be found An Extract of an English Iournal Communicated by Mr. Hook how to cause a Plano-convex Glass of a small Sphere to retort the Rays of the Sun upon a Focus of a greater distance than its Convexity requires TAKE two Glasses whereof the one is perfectly flat on both sides the other of one side only and Convex of the other of what Sphere soever so that the flat Glass may be a little larger than the other Afterwards take a Ring of Brass made very round in which you must cement these two so that their Superficies may be exactly parallel and the Convex side of the Planeconvex Glass may be turned inward yet without its touching the flat Superficies of the other Glass Being thus well cemented in the Ring all round pour into a little hole that must be at the brim of the Brass-ring some Oyl of Turpentine Spirit of Wine Salt and acid Liquors c. and having filled the empty Space which is betwixt the two Glasses stop this hole with a Vice and according to the different refraction of the Liquors put betwixt the two Glasses the Focus of this Prospective shall become either longer or shorter Mr. Hook adds That he wish'd he had examined a Tryal among several which may be made upon the possibility of making a Glass wrought in a little Sphere to serve a Prospective of a very great length tho' for fear of promising too much he ought to add That among the Spherick Objects those which are greatest and whose Matter hath a greater Refraction are the best It 's long since that Mr. Hook proposed to Mr. Azout this Problem to lengthen the Focus of Prospectives Mr. Azout gave them a general Solution of it for every length given by the disposition of a second Glass whose Figure he determined as may be seen in his Letters printed by I. Cusson and whereof mention was formerly made in the French Journals But Mr. Hook having inform'd him that the Invention which he had found was very different from what was before thought upon Mr. Picard very understanding in these sorts of Matters proposed about five Months ago the means of lengthning the Focus of Prospectives by Liquors after the same manner as hath been seen in the Journal of England Notwithstanding the Glory of this Invention is always due unto Mr. Hook who hath had the first Thought thereof It 's true there will not be much use drawn from it yet it is very Fine and Curious An Extract of a Letter written from Oxford May 12. 1666. by Mr. Wallis and inserted in the Iournal of England about a Visit to a dead Body struck with Thunder THERE was here a frightful Thunder the 10 of May wherewith two Scholars who were alone in a Boat without a Water-man were unhapily struck and cast out of the Boat into the Water One of them was killed out-right and tho' he was taken out of the Water where he scarcely stayed one Moment yet there appear'd no mark of Life Sense or Motion in him The other was very well yet fallen down in the Boat without being able any way to help himself and as immoveable as a Stake but there appeared no Wound in his Body and all the harm he had was that he remained so troubled in himself that he could not remember how he fell into the Water and whether it was the Thunder or some Lightning which was the cause He remained in this State the Night following and I know not what became of him since As for him who dyed as soon as he was drawn up we endeavoured to bring him to
it the best I could in the Night to my great Microscope and then to another that was less but I could not find any Light by the means of these Instruments neither in this Bit nor in any of the Drops of Water which shined before and which I had put into Glasses The tenth of May I examined a little Bit of this Fish with my great Telescope at the brightest Beams of the Sun which shined most of the preceeding Night but we remarked nothing considerable It s Surface seemed whitish and dry with deep Inequalities and the rest as well as I thought they saw a Vapor rather obscure than luminous which raised from this Fish after the manner of small Dust and small Sparkles which were almost imperceptible notwithstanding we are very certain of having seen them for we reckoned them and we all agreed in their Number their Order and their Place yet I am not so assured of this Vapour whereof I have spoken but that I am afraid the Light of the Sun deceived us and that this Vapour was the Dust of the Air. Having made Trial in the Day with a great Microscope upon this Bit we examined it at Night but it gave no more Light whether it was looked upon with Glasses or otherwise Seeing it was dry I thought that by wetting it with Spittle and handling it I could make it shine a little which also happened but this Lustre lasted not long and besides there were seen some small Sparkles which disappeared immediately We perceived them with our Eyes without making Use of Spectacles The Fishes as yet had no ill Smell and had not lost their Savour according to the Judgment even of the most delicate Palates therefore I caused two to be kept to make other Experiments two or three Days afterwards when they should begin to be corrupted hoping to find more Light therein but I found nothing of what I expected neither in stirring the Water nor in drawing out the Fishes An Extract of an English Iournal containing divers Experiments about Petrification THough there hath been already much written of the manner how Stones are formed notwithstanding we have not as yet a perfect History therefore the Curious ought to apply themselves to this matter to perfect it and to discover the Cause of this Transmutation for besides other Advantages which might be drawn from this Knowledg it would be of great Use to hinder a Stone from generating in Human Body or to dissolve it when it is formed To this End there has already been given in divers Places of the English Journal several Relations touching this Matter as the History of a Monstrous Calf which was found in the Belly of its Dam laid upon a great Stone which weighed more than twenty Pounds As also that a certain sandy Earth in England converts into a Stone such Wood as is put therein although there is no petrifying Spring in it There is also mention made of two Stones which were found in the left Ventricle of the Earl of Belcarras one of which was of the bigness of an Almond and the other was one Inch broad and two in length Mr. Boyle relates in his Essay of Firmness several such Histories upon which he makes very curious Reflections There are also several other Examples in the Micrography of Mr. Hook and in the Book of Helmont entituled De Lithiasi where among other things he relates what Pareus saith of a Child petrified that was to be seen formerly at Paris and which served for a Whetting Stone to him that kept it There might several other Histories be added still more surprizing if they were suspected as that of an entire Company of Men and of a Company of Beasts which according to the Relation of Aventius and Purchas were converted into a Stone and what Acosta speaks of a Company of Spanish Cavaliers to whom a like Accident happened Dr. Beale tells us upon this Subject That there was an Inspection about the Time of Easter into the Matrix of a Woman whence a Stone was drawn which she carried for eight or nine Years with unsufferable Torments of which she was since entirely well cured He assures That he hath seen the Stone and that having then weighed it in excellent Ballances he found it weighed near four Ounces but that its Weight is since a great deal diminished and is become very Light for a Stone of the Bigness He adds That it is of a whitish Colour a little clearer than that of Ashes He believes it is not much different from that which Scaliger speaketh of and after him Mr. Boyle in his Essay of Firmness which being exposed to the Air became like Plaister as much in Consistence as Colour It hath no considerable unevennesses and its Figure is almost Oval but one of the Ends is not so much like a Hen's Egg as the other which is bigger and more obtuse than that of a Goose-Egg This Stone is now given to the Royal Society with the Certificate of the Chirurgeon who made the Operation and of several credible Persons who were present thereat Micrographia or some Philosophical Descriptions of minute Bodies made by Magnifying Glasses with Observations and Enquiries thereupon by R. Hook Fellow of the Royal Society in Fol. Lond. ONE of the greatest Obstacles which is in the Progress of Natural Science is that the Ancients being entirely taken up to perfect Reason have neglected the Knowledg of the Senses having rather chosen to guess the most part of things than to see them Notwithstanding as the Soul knoweth nothing but by the Interposition of the Organs of the Body the Operations of the Senses serve not less to acquire a perfect Knowledg of Nature than those of the Mind and they are even more necessary that the Wisdom of God being infinitly above the Reach of our Imagination it is more easie to know what it hath done than to imagine what he hath been willing to make To remedy this Defect the Moderns having endeavoured to perfect the Operation of the Senses particularly that of Sight which is the most necessary of all as it is the noblest have invented two kinds of Glasses the Telescope to draw near the Objects which are invisible because of their Distance and the Microscope to magnifie those which are imperceptible because of their Smalness And with these two Instruments they have discovered more things in a few Years than the Ancients had done with all their Reasons for the Course of many Ages By this means all Nature has appeared New unto us For the Telescope hath shewed us in the Firmament new Motions new Stars and new Meteors And the Microscope hath discovered unto us upon the Earth a little World altogether new and hath made us perceive in each thing an infinity of small Creatures which are not less admirable than all those which have been known hitherto The Ingenious Mr. Hook having made several curious Observations with both the one and the other of these
'T was thus I took a Vessel full of Water the depth of four Inches the Diameter whereof was seven inches 2 10 in which I placed a Thermometer Afterwards by the means of a Chaâ—ing-Dish full of hot Coals I brought the Water to the same degree of Heat as we feel in the hottest Summer as appeared by the Thermometer That being done I ty'd this Vessel without taking any thing out of it to one end of the Beam of a Ballance and put on the other side Weights exactly of the same heaviness It was easy to preserve the same Degree of Heat in the Water by the Chafing Dish of Coals either drawing it nearer or putting it at a farther distance I soon observed that the Weight of the Water sensibly diminished and in about 2 Hours space 233 Grains of Water was evaporated altho' no Fume was observ'd to ascend and the Water appear'd not hot to the touch This quantity of Water evaporating in so small a time seems very considerable for it follows from thence that in 24 Hours it wou'd evaporate six Ounces of Water from so small a Surface which was a Circle of 8 Inches Diameter To draw an exact Computation from this Experiment and to determine the greatness of the quantity of the Water that is thus evaporated I made use of the Experiment that Doctor Bernard affirmed to have been made at Oxford It is That the quantity of Water of the bigness of a Cubic Foot weighs 76 Pounds of Troy weight This number being divided by 1728. which is the Number of the Cubic Inches contain'd in this Foot gives 253 Grains and â…“ or one ½ Ounce 13 Grains â…“ for the weight of a Cubic Inch of Water The weight then of 233 Grains is 233 253 or 35 parts of a Cubic Inch divided into 38. Now the Area of a Circle the Diameter whereof is 7 Inches 2 10 contains 49 Inches square by which dividing the quantity of the evaporated Water viz. 35 38 of an Inch the Quotient is 38 1862 or 1 5.3 from whence it appears the quantity of this Water is the 53 part of an Inch but for the facility of the Calculation we will suppose it is but the 60 part If then the Water as hot as the Air is in Summer exhales the 60 part of an Inch in two Hours from the Surface described in twelve Hours it will exhale the 10 part a sufficient quantity to furnish all Rains Fountains and Dews This Calculation may even suppose the Sea without its diminishing or overflowing like the Caspian Sea which is always of an equal height and supposing also the Current which they say is always in the Streights of Gibralter altho' the Mediterranean Sea receives a great number of considerable Rivers To make an estimation of the quantity of Water which is exhaled by Vapours from the Sea I believe one need only consider it during the time the Sun is up for as for the Night as much Water falls in Dews or even more than it draws up in Vapours during that time It is true that the Summer days are above 12 Hours but this length of the day is counter-ballanced by the weakness of the action of the Sun when it is up and before the Water is hot Thus if I suppose that if it raises every day in Vapours 1 10 of an Inch the Extent already observed from the Sea this Supposition cannot be rejected According to this Hypothesis 10 Inches square from the Surface of the Water will furnish every day in Vapours a Cubic Inch of Water each Foot the square whereof produces half a Pint 4 Feet square Gallon a Mile square 6914 Tuns and a Degree square supposing it to be 60 English Miles will exhale in Vapours 33 Millions of Tuns If we give to the Mediterranean 40 Degrees in length and 4 Degrees in breadth in respect to those Places that are broader and those that are narrower the least without doubt that can be given will be a 160 Degrees square and by consequence all the Mediterranean Sea in a Summers day will emit in Vapours 5280 Millions of Tuns This quantity of Vapours altho' very great is however the least that can be supposed according to the Experiment that I have related It is true there is another thing that one cannot reduce to certain Rules it is the Winds which from the Surface of the Water take more Particles than the Heat of the Sun evaporates as may be easily conceived if we do but reflect on the Winds which sometimes blow It is very difficult to make a true estimation of the quantity of Water that the Mediterranean Sea receives from the Rivers that fall into it unless one had some way to measure the Mouths of the Rivers and their Rapidity All that can be done in this Affair is rather to give 'em a greater quantity of Water than indeed they have than to take from them that is to suppose 'em greater than they are according to all appearance and afterwards to compare the quantity of Water that the Thames carries into the Sea with that of those Rivers which we shall calculate The Mediterranean Sea receives these nine considerable Rivers the Eber the Rhone Tyber the Po the Danube the Nester the Boristhenus the Tanais and the Nile others being neither so celebrated nor so large Wee 'l suppose that each of these nine Rivers have ten times as much Water as the Thames not that there are any that have really ten times as much but to comprehend in our Calculation other Rivers that are less which discharge themselves into the Mediterranean the bigness of which we can no otherwise make any estimation of To measure the Water of the Thames I take it at Kingston Bridg where the Reflux never happens and where the Water always runs downwards The breadth of it is 100 Yards and its depth 3 supposing it every where equal in which computation I am certain I give it rather more Extent than it really has The Water is then in this place 300 Yards square that multiplied by 48 thousand is I believe the quantity of Water that is drawn up admitting 2000 each Hour or 84480 Yards give 25344000 Yards of Water which will be drain'd in a day that is 2030000 Tuns each day I am persuaded that by what I have added more to the Channel of this River than it really hath I have sufficiently compensated by comprehending therein the Rivers of Brent Lea Wandal and of Darwent which are of some Consideration and which discharge themselves into the Thames below Kingston Bridg. Now if every one of these nine Rivers had ten times more Water than the Thames it wou'd it follow that from each River wou'd every day run into the Sea 203 Millions of Tuns and that the whole will be but 1827 Millions of Tuns which is but a little more than the third part of what I have shewn is evaporated out of the Mediterranean Sea in 12 Hours time The
help in the Cure of Dyssenteries Some object against this Opinion of Mr. Boyle that simple Remedies cannot prevail against Distempers that proceed from the concourse of divers Causes which produce many and differing Symptoms But it is answered first to this That it is not designed to throw away all manner of compound Medicaments And secondly That simple Remedies do not fail in the Cure of Diseases that proceed from different Causes as is seen by the Kinkina which cures tertian and quartan Agues and that the cause of the Distemper being taken away the different Symptoms cease as the different Symptoms of the Rickets cease the cause being taken away by a Remedy drawn from Vitriol which Mr. Boyle calls Eâ—s Veneris 3. That Nature it self has formed the Bodies which we call Simple of divers parts endowed with different Qualities whereof some are Refreshing others Hot some Sweet others Sour as in Rhuharb there are parts that purge and others that bind In the same Marcarito or Excrement of Metal are found an acid Salt two sorts of Sulphurous Earth some Brass and some Iron which are all composed of different parts 4. The Dissolutions of Chimistry shew that the Bodies that seem to the Eye the most Homogenial and all of the same nature are extreamly composed and this is what may be proved with an Infinite number of Experiences And it s perhaps for this Reason that Remedies thought by some to be the most simple are often proper for several Distempers Mr. Boyl brings for example Mineral Waters Bolearmeniack c. By this extract may be seen that Mr. Boyle's two Treatises concerning Specifick and simple Remedies may be very useful to all sorts of People But it would have been received better beyond Seas If the Latin Interpreter had taken more pains to express the Original better for there are not only Babarisms in the Translation but also Words taken in a Sense far from their own signification The Author says that Limon-Iuyce hinders the cutting of a Knife but the Translator tells us that a File is very contrary or injurious to the Edge of a Knife Lima cultri aciei contraria est p. 14. Elkium is according to him what others call Alce a kind of little Coal p. 95. Morbus comitialis and Morbus regius the Falling-sickness and the Yellow-Jandies are but one and the same thing in his Dictionary 121. and p. 101. he calls Cornelian Lapis Cornelianus Reflections upon Antient and Modern Philosophy and the use that may be made thereof Translated out of French To be Sold at the New Exchange London THe Inclination Princes had to make great Collections of Books made them without Distinction give great reward to all who brought them in the Books of Aristotle as Galen tells us On that account such was the Industry of Book-sellers that Quarto Volumes of Analyticks bearing the name of Aristotle were Collected though he never Composed but 4. which confusion was the Cause the Interpreters of that Philosopher were so puzled about the true Distinction of his Books The antient Philosophy is more founded on Authority and the modern on Experience the antient is simple and natural the modern artificial and elaborate the former is more modest and grave the latter more imperious and pedantic The antient is peaceable and calm for it was so far from Disputing that it would have the Minds of Youth prepared by the Mathematics that they might be accustomed to submit to Demonstration without Hesitation the modern is of a strain of Disputing every thing of training up Youth to noise and the tumult of the Schools The antient enquires into Truth only out of a sincere desire to find it the modern takes pleasure to dispute it even when it is discovered The one advances more securely in its Method because it hath always the Metaphysics for a Guide the other is unsure in its Steps when 't is once deprived of that Conduct Constancy Fidelity sound Iudgment and Stedfastness were that which Men called Philosophy in the Days of Plato and the dislike of Business Peevishness and the renouncing of Pleasures when the use of them is lost through the Conquest of the Passions I know not what Authority that is which is derived from the Gray Beard counterfeit Audacity flegmatic Sullenness moderation and all that Wisdom which springs from the weakness of Age and Constitution which is the Philosophy of a great many now-a-days The antient is universally more learned it aims at all Tho the modern confines it self to the sole consideration of Nature resting satisfied to be a mear Naturalist In fine the antient is more addicted to Study more laborious and indefatigable in what it undertakes for the primitive Philosophers spent their lives in Study The modern is less constant in its Application more superficial in its Pains and more precipitate in its Studies and the Precipitation accustoms it self by little and little to ground too easily Reasonings not very exact upon uncertain Rumours Testimonies of little credit and Experiments not well agreed upon It pronounces boldly upon Doubts and uncertainties to satisfy in some manner the eagerness that it sometimes hath to vent its imaginations and to give Vogue to Novelties So that to make a decision between both I am of the Opinion of an intelligent Philosopher of these last Ages who all things being well considered was resolved to stick to the Antients and leave the Moderns to themselves For the plain common Sense of the Primitive Philosophers is preferable to all the Art and Quaintness of the New Tho from what part soever Truth comes it ought to be esteemed Then let us not distinguish Antient Reason from New for on what side so'ere we find it and what colour soe're we give it 't is still the same For in thinking nothing Truth but what is Truth and nothing probable but what is so saith Epicurus in Cicero consists all the prudence of the wise Man Through their various Opinions Disputation became the fruits of Philosophy and 't was more made use of to try the Wit than to Cure the Mind It is greatness of Soul to speak as one thinks and think as one speaks Logic may be said to be the first Ray of evidence and the first Draught of Method that is displayed on Sciences Because its business is to form the Judgment which is the usual Instrument the Mind employs in Reasoning truly and in discerning Truth and Falshood exactly by distinguishing what is simple from what is compound and what is contingent from what is necessary And since this Art is the Source from whence flows Certainty there is little security in all the Reasonings of Men without its assistance Alcuinus who explains exactly enough the Dialectick of Plato says that that Philosopher made use of Division Definition and Induction to come back to the Fountain-head of first Truth from whence he drew his Principles to the end he might think and speak wisely of every thing and that
that they have without Difficulty granted me my Request and willed that I should cause one of these Clocks to be carried into their Assembly to expound the Invention thereof unto them and then the Application to Longitudes Which I did with great Approbation I have published this Week That the same Clocks will be exposed to Sale with necessary Instruction to use them at Sea and thus I have opened the way The Objection was made me here which had also been made by you against the Exactness of the Pendulums to wit though they agreed together they might both fail because the Air at one Time would be more thick than at another But I answered That this Difference if there be any is not at all felt by the Pendulums seeing the Observations made from Day to Day and continually from Winter to Summer always shewed that they agreed with the Sun As to the printing the Figure of my Clock I shall defer it as yet for some Time yet it shall appear nevertheless with all its Demonstrations and a Treatise of Pendulums which I have written some Days past and which is of a very subtle Speculation The Publick is obliged for the Communication of these two Letters to the unparallel'd Mr. Chaplain who adding to his other fine Knowledges that of the most Curious Philosophy kept a Correspondence in all Europe to be advertised of the New Discoveries which are made therein An Extract of an English Iournal MR. Boyle has communicated a Letter to the Royal Society by which he is advertised of a Monster born at Limmington in Hampshire A Butcher having killed a Cow found she was big with a Calf which began to be Hairy Its Hind-Legs had no Joynts and its Feet were divided like the Claws of a Dog His Tongue was triple and after the manner that Cerberus's is described one in the middle of its Mouth and two others on the Sides Between the Fore and Hind Feet there was a great Stone upon which it was laid This Stone weighed twenty Pounds and an half its Colour was greyish like to a Cut Stone which is commonly called the Grison the Superficies thereof was unequal and full of little Cavities when it was broken they perceived small Grains of Stone of an oval Figure and its Colour was mixed with Yellow and Black Veins which were all over it Dr. Haughtein of Salisbury keeps very carefully this Stone of which he hath sent a Part to Mr. Boyle who hath shewen it to the Royal Society An Extract of an English Iournal MR. Moray hath told the Royal Society That Brimstone and Vitriol are taken from the same Minerals and that it hath some resemblance of the Lead-mine which often separate by rubbing when they meet together Sometimes the Mine is digged fifteen or twenty Fathoms or more according as the Vein leads the Work-men or the Subterranean Waters permit them When Men are minded to make Brimstone it is broken by little bits which are put into little Pots of Earth five Foot long of a Pyramidal Figure the two parts whereof must be disposed after a leaning manner and are plac'd one upon another There are eight underneath and seven above ordered so that there is an emptiness betwixt thro' which the Fire passeth which by this means toucheth them all The Brimstone which is melted thro' the violence of the Fire droppeth and coming out by the lesser end of the Pot falls into a Trough of Lead which is common to all of them and thro' which there continually runs a little Brook of cold Water carried thither by Pipes to congeal the liquefied Brimstone which is commonly four Hours melting When that is done the Ashes are drawn out with an Hook of Iron they are carried in an Iron Wheel Barrow without the Place and are broken to bits and covered with other Lye-Ashes which are dry to keep them the warmer which is done so long as they yield Brimstone When Persons are minded to make Copperas or Vitriol they take a quantity of these Ashes which are put into a square Hole made in the Ground about four Foot deep and eight Foot in bigness which is every where covered with Boards of Wood well joyned together After that they throw Water upon it till it swims and so it 's commonly lest twenty four Hours or else until an Egg swims on the top of it which is a mark that the Water is strong enough So when they are minded to boyl it they make it run thro' Pipes into Kettles and add thereto one half of the Mother Water as they call it which is that which remains when the Vitriol is made These Kettles are of Lead and are four Foot and an half high six Foot in length and three Foot broad and they lay 'em on Iron Grates and boyl this Liquor in the Kettles with a great Cole Fire for twenty four Hours or more according as the Grounds are stronger or weaker When the Water is well consumed the Fire is taken from under it they let it cool a little and draw it from the Kettles by holes which are on the sides and by wooden Pipes whereby they make it pass into Recipients which are three Foot deep and four long where they leave it fourteen or fifteen days and longer if it may be necessary until the Vitriol is separated from the Water becoming clear and hard The Water which remaineth when the Vitriol is drawn off is that which is called the Mother Water and the Lye-Ashes which remained at the bottom of this boared Hole are the Faeces which the Water leaves when the Vitriol is made An Extract of an English Iournal 'T Was attempted a long while ago to take the Whales which are in the American Sea near to Bermudas but the Attempt was altogether given over as Fruitless because of the Fury and extraordinary Swiftness of these Fishes But it was begun again sometime since with more Success as a very able Mariner told us who was present at the taking of some of 'em The last time he was at Sea two old Females were taken and three young Males One of these old Whales was eighty eight Foot in length from the Head to the Tail it 's Tail was twenty three Foot in bigness the Fins twenty six Foot in length and it's Gills three Foot it had great Beards hanging under the Nose unto the Navel and towards the end of the back Parts a Crest upon its Back within it was full of Fat like the leaf of an Hog The other was about sixty Foot in length one of the young Ones was thirty three Foot and each of the two others about twenty five and twenty seven Foot in length The Fish is of a very sharp Figure behind much like the ridge of an House near the side of it's Head are several little Lumps its Back is extreamly black and its Belly white He saith that the Swiftness of these Fishes is incredible And that having hooked one it dragged the
was but about two Seconds and an half When there shall be more Experiments of this Nature made without doubt 't will not be very difficult to find out a Method for the Computation of the depth of Water according to the length of time which these Globes stay under Water It 's also Remark'd that in making new Experiments in the Thames this Globe being cast into a place where the Water was deepest it was not longer in ascending to the top than in passing the length of two Boats from the place where it was cast in being carryed so far by the Stream The other Instrument which was to draw in the Water that was at the bottom of the Sea was a Pail of Square Wood whose top and bottom were made after such a manner that a Weight coming to sink the Iron to which the Pail is fastned by two Ears ' having at both ends moveable Bottoms in the form of two folding Doors and by this means drawing in the Water at the bottom the resistance of the Water taking hold of the Pail in such a Posture so that the Water might easily pass over it whilst it descended But so soon as the Pail is drawn up again by a Cord the resistance which the Water makes to this Motion carries the Pail to the bottom and keeps it in a close Posture so that Water that is without cannot get in nor that which is shut up within cannot get out By means of this Instrument it may easily be perceiv'd whether the Water at the bottom of the Sea is salter than that on the Surface as also whether the Water is fresh in any place of the bottom of the Sea as the Industrious Iohn Hugh van Linschoten assures us who in his Relation of the Voyage into the East-Indies tells us That near the Isle of Barem in the Persian Gulf with certain Instruments of which however he gives us no Description they drew out of the Sea from under the Salt Water four or five Fathom deep some Water that was as fresh as that of a Fountain An Extract of a Letter written by Mr. Peti Intendant of the Fortifications to Mr. Galloys P. concerning the Depth of the Sea the Nature of the Water which is at the Bottom of the Sea and some other Curiosities IT will be hard to judge right of the Depth of the Sea by the Machine mentioned in the English Iournal and which was related in a Journal of the third of May For neither the Figure nor the Discourse explain intelligibly the turning and situation of the Spring which ought to be unbent when the Lead toucheth the bottom and how the wooden Bowl is disingaged from that of the Lead But suppose that the Lead remaining at the Bottom of the Water the light Body should Ascend and that the Time of the Descent and Ascent of these two Bowls together was well observed as it is easie to do besides that one ought to know many things which are yet unknown to be able to judge of the Depth of the Water 1. How much Time a Heavy Body requires to descend into the Water according to such a certain Depth 2. If it descends with the same Proportion of Swiftness as it would do in the Air I do not say Swiftness but only in the same Proportion of Swiftness for Experience shews us That when a heavy Body falls in the Air it falls unequal Spaces in the same Distance of Time as for instance suppose it falls twelve Foot for the first Second of Time in the next Second it will fall thirty six Foot in the third Second it will fall sixty Foot and so on By this means one may know the Highth of a Tower or the Depth of a Well in letting a Stone fall from the Top or another heavy Body and measuring the time of its fall with a Pendulum of a String of nine Inches and a quarter long which shall mark the half Seconds as a String of 37 Inches marks the Seconds 60 whereof makes a Minute This is very near the proportion of the fall of heavy Bodies in the Air according to the Observations which I have made thereof in times past But to know whether the same Bodies falling into the Water and in the Water of the Sea and if they keep the same proportion is the difficulty and this difficulty is encreased when a heavier Body than the VVater is joyned to the lighter We should besides this know when a light Body ascends from the bottom of the Water unto the top in what proportion of Time and Swiftness it mounts For to assert that 't is the same as that by which it descends in the Air which I have now expounded is what will never be determined And tho' for my own Curiosity and that of Father Mersenne I have in times past made several Experiments to know if a Dart perpendicularly shot by a Bow would descend in the same equality or proportion of Time and Swiftness in which it mounted and if a Bomb or an Iron Ball as big as one's Fist cast by a small Mortar would take more or less time to fall in than it wou'd to mount by the violence of the Powder I can determine nothing on 't if I did not again make the same Experiments several times tho' I remember there was but little difference betwixt the one and the other and that the time of the natural Descent of Arrows was to their Assent as 7 is to 5 But for the Bullet of a Canon or Mortar we judged that it descended almost with the same Impetuosity as it mounted and to inform our selves the better we overturned the Mortar and put it's Britch upwards shooting into the Ground and we found that the Bullet sunk but a little deeper by the violence of the Powder than it did by its natural force when it fell on the Ground This proportion of swiftness of a Body mounting and descending being not yet given by Mr. Hook nor known by the Experience which is related thereof which marks but the time of the Motion of these two Bodies together to wit the Descent of the heavy joyned with the light and the mounting of the light alone there remain still many Things to be known before any use can be drawn from this Invention Besides it is not a new Invention For several have written that for to â—ound the depth of the Sea one needed only to take a Lead of eight or nine Inches long made into a Cone or a figure like a Horn at the top of which there must be tyed a Spike of Iron about the length and thickness of a Finger a little inclined upon the Lead So that this Machine may represent a Figure of Seven whose long Leg is a weight of Lead and the Spike of Iron the Head If in this Spike there is a Ring well fastned to a wooden Bowl and this Machine is cast into the Water as soon as the Lead comes to touch
Life by all manner of Remedies but all was in vain Therefore he was brought the next Day Morning into the City to be Buried Dr. Willis Dr. Mellington Dr. Lower and I had the Curiosity to visit this dead Body to remark the Particularities thereof We found no considerable Wound in all the Skin His Face and Neck were black and livid on the right side of his Neck there was a small blackish Spot an Inch long and a quarter of an Inch large at most like unto a mark made as if it had been with a hot Iron an Inch long and a quarter of an Inch broad there was another a little bigger I think on the other side of his Neck under the left Ear and below on the left side of his Breast there was a place which was about nine Inches long and two Inches broad in some places more in others less which appeared burnt dry and like the Skin of a roasted Hog On the fore-part of the left Shoulder there was such another Spot almost of the breadth of a Six-pence yet it was not so black nor so much marked as that of the Neck from the top of the left Shoulder downwards towards this part of the Breast there was a little place of the Skin which was as it were broiled as if by that something entred into the Neck which went down towards the Breast and which afterwards extended further The most part of his Buttons were carried away the Neck of his Doublet was broken in two just before the left Shoulder and in some places the Stuff of his Doublet appeared as if it were cut off or taken away by a blunt Instrument but the Fashion with which it was lined did not appear to be broken His Hat was strangely torn round about the edges there was among other things on the Side a Hole big enough to put ones Fist through There were in other places deep Cuts to be seen which appear'd to be made by an obtuse Instrument As for the rest of the Cloaths we perceived nothing more and they had no smell of Brimstone The following Night we open'd the Head where we found no sign of Contusion The Brains were intire and in a good State the Nerves whole and without any hurt the Veins and Arteries sufficiently full of Blood so that none of the Company could say any thing against it It is true that this was done by a Candle and that each part could not be examined with all the exactness which could be wished for partly because of the Concourse of People partly because the Body was to be buried a little Time after Notwithstanding I believe if there had been a considerable Defect among so many Spectators some one would have discovered it There were some who imagined to see a little Cleft on the Scull and those who held him whilst it was sawed said That then they had felt some cracking but it was such a small Business that nothing certain could be known of it by the Candle On the right-Temple were seen some Hairs manifestly burned and the lower part of the Ear was a little blacker than that which was round about the upper part of the left Shoulder and the left Side of the Neck was yet Blacker than the rest of the Body yet without driness as if this Colour had not been caused but by the sediment of Blood After having thus examined the Head the Breast was opened and it was found that the Burning traversed almost the whole Skin which was scorch'd in these Places hard and like a Horn Yet there appeared nothing else under the Skin The Muscles were in their natural situation and had lost nothing of their ordinary Colour The Lungs and the Heart which we afterwards drew out of the Breast had their ordinary Colour and seemed nothing altered This is what was chiefly remarked To which I shall add That in the Night the Body swelled much more than it did in the Morning and that it had a strong and stinking Smell which notwithstanding might come from the Heat of the Weather and the multitude of People which was continually in the Chamber We have carefully related all the Particulars of the Visit of this Body because it being made by several most Learned and Experienced Physicians it may serve for a certain Ground to reason upon the Nature and the Qualities of Thunder An Extract of an English Iournal An Experiment to examine what Figure and Swiftness of Motion Produces or Augments Light and Flame THis Experiment was communicated by Doctor Beale as follows The fifth of May 1665. fresh Mackarels were boyled in Water with Salt and fine Herbs and when the Water was cooled very well the Mackarels the next Day were left in the Water to be seasoned On the sixth other Mackarels were boyled which were fresher in a like Water and on the seventh both the Water and Mackarels were put with the first Water and with the first Mackarels I relate particularly all these Circumstances because whether it be the Mixture of the Pickle made after one another or something else that was necessary was wanting the Experiment succeeded not another Time with the same Trial. On Monday the eighth towards the Evening the Cook moving the Water to take some of the Mackarels out observed That at the first Motion it became very luminous and the Fishes shining through the Water much encreased the Light although this Water by reason of the Salt and Herbs which they had boyled in it was rather Thick and Black than of a Clear and Transparent Colour notwithstanding being moved it was Luminous and the Fishes appeared through it altogether whole and very shining Where-ever Drops of this Water fell they shone after they had been moved and the Children took Drops in their Hands as large as a Penny and carried them up and down the House and the lustre of this Light made each Drop shew far and near as large as a six Penny-piece That Side of the Fish that was downwards was turned upwards but there came no Light from it and after the Water had rested long enough it shined no more Tuesday Night we began the same Experiment again and we saw the same things The Water shewed no Brightness before it was stirred and it appeared even obscure and thick in the Day as well as by Candle But so soon as a Hand was put into it it begun to shew Bright When it was strongly stirred it shined so that those who looked upon it at some Distance from thence even as far as the other End of the Chamber thought it was the Light of the Moon which came in at the Window upon a Vessel full of Milk And when it was stirred round more swiftly it seemed to be a Flame and there was a great Brightness both within and without these Fishes but chiefly about the Throat and some other Places which seemed to be broken in Boyling I took a bit thereof which shined most and adjusted
4. What he hath remarked upon the sea-Sea-Water which is on the side of berkelse-Berkelse-Sea is also very Curious The bottom of the Sea is very marshy in that place In Winter it appears very clear in the middle of Summer it begins to whiten and in the midst are seen as it were small green Clouds Mr. Lewenhook having filled a Glass with this Cloudy Water and stirred it after having let it settle a whole day hath remarked in it as it were Strings of a Spiral Figure and thick as Hairs composed of small green Gâ—obules where were also an Infinity of small Animals round or oval figur'd which were of different Colour and moved on all sides but very slowly and which appeared a thousand times less than the least of those which are seen in Cheese Fruits or in Moldiness 5. Finally having exhal'd the Solution of Salt he found that the Saline Particles were either Round Pyramidal or Quadrangular and very polished An Extract of an English Iournal containing some Observations made upon the Salts and Oyls of mix'd Bodies MR. Coxes who made these Observations finds much probability in the Opinion of Vanhelmont who saith That the variety of Brimstone commonly makes the diversity of Species in the Mixt and that the most considerable Changes are made by the Separation of a Sulphurous Nature and by the Introduction of a new one This Brimstone is not a simple Body but inflamable and in form of Oyl This Oyl which is drawn commonly with the Water includes the principal Qualities of the mix'd But the Salts as well fix'd as volatile restore the Earth and Water to their elementary Simplicity if they retain not something of this Specifick Oyl So the fix'd or volatile Salts are different among themselves but proportionably as they yet retain some mixture of these Oyls Let one take some volatile Salt whatever let it be sublimated in a Vessel of Glass high enough for a gentle Heat let this Operation be reiterated several times it shall be found that there still remaineth some Oyl at the bottom of the Vessel and the Salts being deprived of this Oyl shall become very homogenious But because it is hard to rule the Fire so justly that no Oyl shall be mixed with Salts they may all be reduced to a certain Simplicity by a more easie way Spirit of Salt well rectified must be poured upon a certain quantity of volatile Salt a little purified When there shall be no more Ebullition and that the Salt shall be enough the Phlegm must be separated from it which is done with a mild Heat This Phlegm will carry with it some portion of the volatile Salt Sublimate what remains and you shall have good Armoniack Salt Mix it with an equal quantity of good Alcali Salt well calcin'd or pour upon it good and strong Grounds of an Alcali because the volatile Salts do not so well mix with the fixed as the Acids do the least degree of Heat shall sublimate the volatile Salt deprived of all its Oyl and by this means all the volatile Salts are reduced to certain common Proprieties What all these Artificial Operations do is yet more easily effected in the Air which is full of volatile Salts which are sublimated from Subterranean Places from Plants from Animals The Air depriveth these Salts of their Oyl but being dissolved in the Rain or in the Dew and carried in Vegetables they are specified by the other Principles tho' they may be easily reduc'd by Nature or Art to their first Simplicity The same Uniformity is the Spirits that have the taste of Wine which are nothing but the most subtle Oyl of Vegetables which are as it were pounded by Fermentation into lesser Branches than the Oyl For before the Fermentation there is Oyl drawn from it but not Winy Spirits after the Fermentation there remaineth a little Oyl and even after the Fermentation of a Plant when you draw the Oyl from it you 'll scarcely have any thing of the Winy Spirit When this Spirit takes with it some part of this Oyl whose Branches remain whole it puts difference among the Spirits but when after several Digestions or reiterated Distillations these oleagenous parts are cut into lesser Branches or that the degree of Heat which raiseth the Winy Spirits cannot raise those grosser Oyls what difference soever there was in the whole Bodies these Spirits became very homogenious and this is seen in changing the Oyls of Vegetables into a Winy Spirit which is done in several manners Put upon an Ounce of the essential Oyl of a Vegetable two or three Pounds of the Spirit of Wine well dephlegmed the Spirit immediately by a simple Agitation devoureth this Oyl and changeth it in its Nature New Experiments drawn from the English Iournal ONE of the principal Vertues of Salts which are drawn from Plants is to make the Image of these Plants to revive and appear in all its Beauty It hath been doubted a long time whether the Thing can be done Some do even as yet doubt thereof But the Experiments which have been made in France Italy Denmark and elsewhere suffer us no more to doubt on 't Mr. Coxes hath lately made some in England upon this Subject and he writeth that having drawn a great deal of Salt of Fern and dissolved a part thereof by the damp Air after having dryed it the rest of the Grounds being filtred became as red as pure Blood This colour denoted that there remained many Sulphurous Parts He put this Solution into a great Vessel or Bottle of Glass where after it had rested five or six Weeks a great part of the Salt fell to the bottom and became browner whereas the upper remained white And then it was that upon the Surface of this Salt there was seen to rise up a Fern in great quantity When the Fern was burned it was as yet betwixt dry and green So the Salt was as it were Tartarous and Essential being dryed by a great Fire it diminished much in Weight and became whiter because there had been before some Oyl and some Acid. Having mixed equal Parts of these Ashes which came from the North and which are called in English Pot-Ashes with Armoniack Salt there arose immediately a volatile Salt and some time after he saw appear a Forest of Pines Deals and of another kind of Trees which he knew not An Extract of a Letter of Mr. Hugens of the Royal Academy of Sciences to the Author of the Iournal of the Learned concerning the Catoptrick Glass of Mr. Newton I Send you the Figure and Description of Mr. Newton's Telescope As to my Opinion which you desire to know touching this new Invention though I have not as yet seen its effect I think I may say it is Fine and Ingenious and that it will succeed provided there be Matter found for the Concave Looking-Glasses which may be capable of a lively and even polishing as that of Glass which I do not despair of The Advantages of
appears to be the lightest a little Wax to render the Needle in Aequilibrio and for the augmenting or diminishing the weight of the Wax as they are nearer or more distant from the Line where the Needle hath no need of Wax to keep it in Aequilibrio The Author gives some Methods to find out how many degrees the Needle is inclined and observes that in Countries that are 49 or 50 degrees of Elevation the Needle is enclin'd to the Horison about 70 Degrees 11. The Power of the Loadstone may be augmented or diminished by divers means which the Author observes but if it is entirely lost it cannot be re-established 12. In fine altho' the Needle always turns one of its ends towards the North 't is observed that they often decline in some degrees towards the East or the West 'T was above a hundred years that it declined six degrees towards the East sixty years after its Declination was hardly one degree of the same side Mr. De la Hire of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Royal Professor in the Mathematicks observed at Paris towards the end of the year 1684. that it declined four Degrees ten Minutes North-West Now it declines there but a little more than one Degree 2. These are the Experiments which he relates concerning the Loadstone here follow the chief Generals by which he explains all these Effects 1. That the Earth is made after such a manner that out of its Poles continually issues a very subtle Matter both impalpable and invisible which circulates within and about it self till it re-enters by the opposite Pole to that which it went out of and passes by parallel Pores ito its Axis 2. That the Pores by which this Matter passes are furnished with certain Particles like small Hairs which are so disposed as easily permits this Matter to pass over after a certain manner but which stands upright and stops the Pores if the Matter presents it self to pass over after a contrary manner 3. That each Loadstone hath two Poles like the Earth and is disposed after the same manner as it is Those who have any knowledg of the manner whereby the Cartesians apply their Supposition of an effluvious Matter to the effects of the Loadstone may without any trouble apply the Principle of the Author to the Phoenomena's that have any relation thereto and those who are not sufficiently acquainted with this Matter to be able of ' emselves to make an Application of this Principle may in less than two hours time read all that the Author hath said of it As the Chapters of the second part answer to that of the first so Things are there more at large explain'd than in the first with an addition of divers new Experiments concerning the same things For Example there is in the XIII Chapter the particular manner of arming the Loadstone that is the furnishing each of its Poles with a little plate of Iron to augment the force thereof From this place also may be learnt something of the Configuration of the insensible parts of Iron and Steel The Author observes that when the Iron is forged the little parts whereof it is composed dispose themselves at length and range themselves like little Needles all of the same manner the length of the Iron and that they must take the Armour of the Loadstone in such a manner that the length of its little parts answer to the extremity of the Armour which must lift up the other Iron that they shall present unto it The Author having made one after this manner and taken an other and applyed it directly contrary that is in which the little parts were travers'd found that the first rais'd up a fourth part heavier than the other He also observed that a Blade of Iron which is not soak'd in Water breaks very difficultly and when it is broken the place where it breaks look'd upon with a Microscope appears like the small points of Needles which pierce the Hand with the least touch The other on the contrary adds the Author is easily broke and the broken place resembles little Balls or Cubes and is not sharp at all He afterwards gives Philosophical Reasons thereof which is best read in the Original As the declination and varation of the Loadstone can only be perceived by the means of a Meridional Line so the Author hath in the XV Chapter given six different manners of tracing it The first is to cut a Body of a Tree that has been much exposed to the Wind and the Sun horizontally and to observe in what place the Excentrick Circles are closest and the place where they are the most distant one from the other The last notes the South and the first the North. But as one cannot always rely upon this Experiment so he only relates it by the by and says also that those who concern themselves with Agriculture ought to observe it and that when they transplant a Tree care must be taken to place it in the same Situation as it was in before in respect to the North and South The three following ways of finding out the Meridional Line are done by the Points of the Shadow The fifth manner is practised by two Shadows of a Threed raised perpendiculy and taken with two equal Lights from the Sun And in fine he shews how the Meridional Line may be found by two equal Heights of two Stars He finishes this Work by the Description of some Curious Machines made with the Loadstone and those who desire to know more thereof he sends them to Bettinus Kirker Schotus and some others that have treated of this Matter I shall say no more of this Book only that the Author endeavoured to proportion it to the Capacity of all sorts of Persons He has not taken it for granted that every one that reads his Book should be a Physician or Geometer on the contrary he has endeavoured to render himself Intelligible to those even that are Ignorant both of Physick and Geometry 100. An Extract of an English Iournal containing an Estimation of the quantity of Vapours that the Heat of the Sun exhales from the Sea By Edmond Halley THE quantity of Vapours that the Earth is charged with is very considerable since the Rains and Snows fall sometimes in so great an abundance that 't is observed that this Water descending from the Intervals which the Particles of the Air leave among themselves make a very sensible part of the Weight of the Atmosphere But no Person that I know of has examined to the purpose the proportion that is between the Sea and these Vapours which are the original not only of Rains but also of Fountains This Search is nevertheless one of the most necessary of that part of Philosophy that treats of Meteors and deserves to be examined by the Royal Society I believe none will be sorry to know the manner how I essay'd to determine the quantity of Vapours which are exhaled by Heat
Knowledg is still wanting what becomes of these Vapours when they are rais'd in the Air and from whence comes that Current which always appears at the entrance of the Straits of Gibralter but Mr. Halley sends us back once more to examine it only advertises the Reader that to make the Experiment which he hath spoken of he must make use of Water which hath been Salted to the same Degree that the common Sea Water is dissolving therein one fortieth part of Salt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 SEU De Punctorum Origine Antiquitate Authoritate OR A DISCOURSE Concerning the ANTIQUITY DIVINE ORIGINAL AND AUTHORITY OF THE Points Uowels and Accents That are placed to the HEBREW BIBLE In TWO PARTS By a Member of the ATHENIAN SOCIETY Quod superest de Vocalium Accentuum Antiquitate eorum sententiae subscribo qui Linguam Hebraeam tamquam c. i. e. As for the Antiquity of the Vowels and Accents I am of their Opinion who maintain the Hebrew Language as the exact Pattern of all others to have been plainly written with them from the Beginning seeing that they who are otherwise minded do not only make Doubtful the Authority of the Scriptures but in my Iudgment wholly pluck it up by the Roots for without the Vowels and Notes of Distinction it hath nothing firm and certain Anton. Rodulph Cevallerius Rudimenta Hebraicae Linguae cap. 4. pag. 16. LONDON Printed for Iohn Dunton at the Raven in the Poultrey MDCXCII 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 OR A Discourse concerning the Antiquity and Original of the Points Vowels and Accents that are placed to the Hebrew Bible In Two Parts The FIRST PART WHEREIN The Opinions of Elias Levita Ludivicus Capellus Dr. Walton and Others for the Novelty of the Points are considered their Evidences for the same examined and the Improbability of their Conceit that the Masorites of Tiberias Pointed the Text is at large discovered from the Silence of the Iews about it their Testimonies against it the Unfitness of the Time Place and Persons of late assigned for the Invention of the Points from the Nature of the Masora and of the Masoretick Notes on the Verses Words Letters Points Vowels and Accents of the Old Testament Their Observations on all the Kinds of the Keri U Ketib the Words written Full or Defective the Ittur Sopherim the Tikkun Sopherim and the rest of the Parts of the Masora and from other Considerations The SECOND PART Containing the Principal Testimonies and Arguments of Iews and Christians for the Proof of the Antiquity Divine Original and Authority of the Points Vowels and Accents Wherein the chiefest Objections of Elias Capellus and Others are either Obviated or briefly Answered The Cause Occasion and Method of the ensuing Discourse is declared in the Prooemium or Introduction AMongst our Abstracts of Books that have a more particular Relation to Ecclesiasticks such as the various Editions of the Bible Iurieu's System of the Church c. we have thought fit to insert this our own following Collection which perhaps may more particularly treat of the Parts of the Masora than any Piece yet extant It will be of great Use to all Scholars that are design'd for the Study of the Original Tongues and will help to make good our Title-page The Young Students Library We have herein endeavoured to remove some Prejudices and reconcile the Differences of the Learned on this great and weighty Subject which is of no less Consequence than the receiving or rejecting the Bible it self We must not enlarge in Prefacing to any Work where the Works themselves are to be Absteacts but referr you to the Subject it self Advice to the Young Students of Divinity Recommending the Study of the Scriptures in their Original Languages together with the Writings and Commentaries of the Rabbins thereupon with Directions for the Knowledge thereof Men and Brethren YOur Work is the greatest as St. Paul saith Who is sufficient for these things Consider what Knowledge the Work you must account for at the last Tribunal doth most require and attend it Hoc age You are to have the Care of Souls and to your Trust are committed the Oracles of God Your great Concern therefore is to know the Mind of God as it is revealed in his Word that you may teach it others and defend it against all Opposers This is all you are entrusted with and shall be judged by to wit the Bible This Word or Mind of God is contained perfectly in the Hebrew Bible and Greek Testament only Translations are no further God's Word than they do express the sense thereof which in all places they cannot perfectly do without more words than are allowed to to be in a Translation These Sacred Originals are the Standard and Rule of our Life Worship and Doctrine and the Fate of all Translations depends on their Preservation If therefore the Teachers need not know nor be able to defend the Original none else need Then were the Translation of it needless and so the Scripture it self and thereby all Religion and Ministery to boot if any of these things are needful they are all so for they stand or fall together Now that we may know the Mind of God in his Word we must first know what the words themselves do signifie and properly and literally mean This we cannot do in many places without the help of the Rabbins or of those who have been taught by them which is much the same and that on several Accounts which renders their Work needful as Leusden in Philologus Hebraeo-mixtus pag. 115 c. and others do manifest As 1 st Because many words as to the Grammar and sense of them could not be known without the help of those Masters of the Hebrew Tongue as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ioel 2.5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ioel 2.8 c. 2. There are many words but once used in Scripture especially in such a sence and are called the Apax legomena or ein lo chober bemikr◠which we cannot know the meaning of without their help and herein they are singular though they lament the loss they have been put to about them vid. Kimchi in his Preface on Miklol Also Kimchi in his Preface on Sepher Sherashim tells a Story how they knew not the meaning of that word a Besom in the Prophet's sweeping with the Beesom of Destruction till in Arabia a Rabbin heard a Woman say to her Daughter Take the Besom and sweep the House So Ioel 2.8 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Sword To conclude There are very many such words but once used which as they cannot be known by the Bible alone so neither can the sence of the place be known wherein they are till they are first known and this is in many places 3. Many Phrases and divers ways of Speech are very dubious in the Old and New Testament which are well illustrated and explained by the Rabbins as Ioel 1.20 Ionah 1.5 Iudg. 12.7 Gen. 2.2 c. And
5. n. 17. q. 5 ‖ ELliot of New-England his Life and Death 3 Suppl p. 32 Europeans from which of Noah's Sons did they proceed 5 Suppl q. 1. p. 7 †ESsay upon Criticks wherein is shewn in what the Poetry of the Hebrews consists p. 294 Examination of the Infallibility of the Roman Church p. 99 Enquiry into the Constitution of the Primitive Church p. 382 Education of Daughters by Mr. Treveton p. 398 Extract of a Letter concerning some Manuscripts of China p. 424 Essay upon all sorts of Learning by the Athenian Society contained in the four sheets that are prefixt to the Young Students Library F. * FIshes whether they breathe or no v. 1. n. 2. q. 13 Fish in salt-salt-water why fresh v. 1. n. 3. q. 7 Fire extinguish'd where goes it v. 1. n. 7. q. 3 Friendship if there be any such thing what is it v. 1. n. 7. q. 4 Friendship between persons of different Sexes v. 1. n. 11. q. 1. Females if went a Courting more Marriages than now v. 1. n 13. q. 9 Friendship contracted before Marriage v. 1. n. 15. q. 1 Friendship its grounds being placed c. v. 1 n. 15. q. 8 Friends engaging to meet after death whether Lawful v. 1. n. 16. q. 1 Fleas whether they have Stings v. 1. n. 17. q. 1 Feme Covert whether oblig'd to appear v. 1. n. 18. q. 12 Fire emitted Tobacco-pipe Cane v. 1. n. 20. q. 12 French King's Father v. ◠n. 22. q. 6 Flowers their different colours v. 1. n. 23. q. 11 Females how Circumcis'd v. 2. n. 1. q. 9 Fools why ask they more questions v. 2. n. 1. q. 20 Flashes of Fire what natural cause v. 2. n. 5. q. 6 Fire whether visible v. 2. n. 5. q. 13 Fishes living longer with or without Scales v. 2. n. 5. q. 15 France a Descent on it by Sea or by Savoy v. 2. n. 6. q. ◠Fishes what instances may we expect v. 2. n. 6. q. 8 Figures how to make 20 out c. v. 2. n. 9. q. 10 Frenchman why Incensed with the Lie v. 2. n. 15. q. 8 France's King what is he doing now v. 2. n. 17. q. 1 Friendship when contracted whether best to Marry v. 2. n. 18. q. 1 Flie or the Late King which the greatest Heart v. 2. n. 18. q. 5. Faces why not two alike v. 2. n. 18. q. 10 Friendship contracted the one Rich the other Poor c. v. 2. n. 19. q. 7 Friend when in drink v. 2. n. 23. q. 14 France whether Psalms were sung in the Air there v. 2. n. 30. q. 10 Flood what was the greatest sin before it v. 2. n 30. q. 11 Fogs why some stink more than others v. 3. n. 2. q. 6 Fornication what sin v. 3. n. 4. q 3. Fondness or Coyness which most desirable v. 3. n. 4. q. 19 Fair the keeping it 3 Questions Ans. in one v. 3. n. 8. q. 7 Fly-blows their cause v. 3 n. 8. q. 10 French why love the English c. v. 3. n. 9. q. 2. Forms of Prayer whether Lawful v. 3. n. 9. q. 3 Fairies and Goblins their Circles and Customs v. 3. n. 10. q. 5 Figures how pattern'd out by one act v. 3. n. 12. q. 6. Friends falling in Love with the same Lady v. 3. n. 13. q 3 Friendship or Love which the Strongest v. 3. n. 13 q 7. Falshood in Love is it a Folly or Knavery v. 3. n 13. q. 10 Friends how far oblig'd to one another v. 3. n. 15. q. 4 Fornication or to eat Puddings which is the greatest Sin v. 3. n. 22. q. 9 Fornication whether it does not dissolve a Solemn Contract v. 3. n. 24. q. 3 Fear what is the best antidote against it v. 3. n. 24. q. 7 Fondness after Marriage worse in Man or Woman v. 3. n. 13. q. 6 Flux and reflux of the Sea v 5. n 6. q. 2 French here exempted from all Taxes Liberty to Trade v. 5. n. 10 q. 5 French if Naturaliz'd wou'd it not ease the Nation v. 5. n. 10. q 6 Fingers cut off and heal'd and now useful as before v. 5. n. 16 q. 3 Fame the meaning of the word and what it is v. 5. n. 18. q 2 Faith of the Parent will it serve the Child v. 5. n. 27. q. 3 ‖ FVneral Oration of the Dauphiness 1 Suppl p. 4 Fleetwood's Collection of Antient Inscriptions 2 Suppl p. 25 †FAsciculus Rerum Expetendarum or a Collection of things to be sought after and things to be avoided p 404 G. * GVardian Angel v. 1. n. 1. q. 3 Government what sort is best v. 1. n. 4 q. 11 Glass broke flying into dust v. 1. n 5. q 8 Gog and Magog whether yet destroyed v. 1. n. 8. q. 2 Goodness objective consists in the Agreement c. v. 1. n. 12. q. 7 Glass painting is it different from what was v 1. n. 14. q. 6 Gunpowder or Printing which done most mischief v. 1. n. 14 q. 7 Gout its original cause v. 1. n. 15. q. 5 Genus and Species their difference v. 1. n 16. q. 7 Game 's its production v. 1. n. 17. q. 7 Globe of the Earth a Mill-stone fall c. v. 1. n. 17. q. 10 Gentlewoman left to her own management v. 1. n. 18. q. 3 God's Prescience and Man's Agency v. 1. n. 28. q. 5 Glass its different representations v. 2. n. 1. q. 1 God when he reveals himself in a Dream v. 2. n. 17. q. 10 Golden age v. 2. n. 18. q. 12 God's Spirit how moved on the waters v. 3. n. 9. q 5 Good Conduct in a General v. 3. n. 15. q. 1 Girl of Seven years old whether capable of love v. 3. n. 15. q. 5 Gen. First v. First c. Confutation of Atheists v. 3. n. 26 q. 4 Gentleman Marrying a Lady may they separate for a time v. 4. n. 8. q. 3 God's Name not once mentioned in Esther v. 4. n. 9. q. 13 Government whether we are oblig'd to serve it v. 4. n. 19. q. 8 Gunpowder-Treason how a Plot v. 4. n. 25. q. 1 Grotius Buchanan or Barklay the best Latin Poets v. 5. n. 14 q. 5 ‖ 2. GEneral of an Army whether he should fight as others 1 Suppl p. 28 3. Gurtler's History of the Templars 2 Sup. p. 9 1. Gallant Discourses containing Questions and Answers Translated out of French 1 Sup. p. 22 Gallant Discourse being a Continuation of Questions and Answers 2 Suppl p. 27 Genealogical History of the Kings and Peers of Great Britain 3 Suppl p. 25 Generation in the Act is not Soul united to Matter 5 Suppl p. 15. q. 13 †GRotius Letters the Subject Criticks and Divinity p. 48 His Letters Part 2. Treating upon Law History and Politicks p. 55 Gregory Nazianzen his Works and Life p. 331 Grand Seignior's Spy and his Secret Relations sent to the Divan p. 414 Goa Inquisition a Relation of it p. 462 Gronovius's Exercitations upon the Death of Judas the Traitor
doth it dance on Easter-day v. 1. n. 16. q. 2. Superstition the meaning of the Word v. 1. n. 16. q. 8. Sound no Substance v. 1. n. 20. q. 15. Straight Stick in Water appears crooked v. 1. n. 20. q. 19. Storks never found but in Common-wealths v. 1. n. 21. q. 2. Small-pox why so many marked with 'em v. 1. n. 21. q. 3. Solomons Temple why not reckon'd among the wonders of the World v. 1. n. 21. q. 5. Satyrs or Sermons most successful v. 1. n. 22. q. 12. Sexes whether ever chang'd v. 1. n. 23. q. 2. Sherlock whether Dean of St. Pauls v. 1. n. 24. q. 2. Saints Bodies which arose with our Saviour v. 1. n. 25. q. 4. Salvation of Cain Eli and Sampson v. 1. n. 25. q. 5. Sin of felo de se it 's Nature v. 1. n. 25. q. 6. Snail the cause of it's Shell v. 1. n. 25. q. 9. Salamander whether it lives in the Fire v. 1. n. 26. q. 1. Soul whether knows all things v. 1. n. 26. q. 11. Samuel whether he or the Devil c. v. 1. n. 27. q. 1. Sabbath how chang'd v. 1. n. 27. q. 2. Souls of good Men where immediately after death v. 1. n. 28. q. 3. Souls when separate can they assume a Body v. 1. n. 28. q. 4. Shuterkin whence it proceeds v. 1. n. 29. q. 2. Scriptures how know we'em to be the Word of God v. 1. n. 30. q. 7. Sence of the Words when we differ v. 1. n. 30. q. 8. Serpents whether they were real c. v. 2. n. 1. q. 9. Soul in what part of the Body it is v. 2. n. 1. q. 13. Sight from whence proceeds v. 2. n. 1. q. 17. Sun how it comes to shine on the Wall v. 2. n. 2. q. 5. Substance Corporeal and spiritual how act v. 2. n. 2. q. 9. Spirits by what means do they speak v. 2. n. 2. q. 9. Saul went into the Cave c. the meaning v. 2. n. 5. q. 7. Scripture why it forbids Linsy Woolsey v. 2. n. 5. q. 12. Senses which of 'em can we best spare v. 2. n. 5. q. 16. Soul immortal whether breath'd into Adam c. v. 2. n. 5. q. 17. Small Pox the Cause of ' em v. 2. n. 5. q. 18. Spell what is it and whether Lawful v. 2 n. 6. q. 2. Sleep how to make one Wakeful v. 2. n. 6. q. 4. Soul how is it in the Body v. 2. n. 7 q. 2. Souls going out of our Bodies whether c. v. 2. n. 7. q. 3. Soul seeing 't is immaterial whether c. v. 2. n. 7. q. 4. Souls when separation do they knows the affairs of earth v. 2. n. 7. q. 5. Souls separate how do they know one another v. 2. n. 7. q. 6. Souls departed have they present Ioy or Torment v. 2. n. 7. q. 7. Souls departed where go they v. 2. n. 7. q. 8. Souls has a man three viz. the Supream c. v. 2. n. 7. q. 9. Souls where remain till the last day v. 2. n. 7. q. 10. Souls what have the Philosophers said of ' em v. 2. n. 7. q 11. Soul how it's Vnion with the Body v. 2. n. 7. q. 12. Stone in a Toads-head Swan sings at Death v. 2. n. 7. q. 13. Snow whether white or black v. 2. n. 8. q. 3. Sun why looking on it causes sneezing v. 2. n. 8. q. 6. Skeleton a strange Relation of it v. 2. n. 9. q. 1. Sin whether it might be ordain'd v. 2. n. 10. q. 1. Sin whether not ordain'd v. 2. n. 10. q 2. Saviour how did he eat the Passover v. 2. n 11. q. 3. Spirits Astral what is it v. 2. n. 12. q. 3. Sensitive Plants why emit their Operations v. 2. n. 15. q. 5. Salamander whether any such Creature v. 2. n. 15. q. 9. Soul of Man whether by Tradâ—ction or Infusion v. 2. n. 16. q. 5. Smoke what becomes of it v. 2. n. 17. q. 6. Sounds why ascend v. 2. n. 17. q. 8. Sun what matter is it made of v. 2. n. 18. q. 3. Speech and Voice from whence proceeds v. 2. n. 18. q 10. Saturn whether he be Noah v. 2. n. 18. q. 12. Step if Persons can walk far in it v. 2. n. 20. q. 2. Sure to one three years and now sure to v. 2. n. 20. q. 9. Several Questions about the Soul all answer'd in one v. 2. n. 22. q. 1. Sciences whether the Practick or Theory preferable v. 2. n. 22. q. 3. Smoke and Fire a Wager Lâ—id about it v. 2. n. 23. q. 1. Solomons Bounty to the Queen of Sheba v. 2. n. 23. q. 12. Stone cast into the Waters its figures why such v. 2. n. 24. q. 8. Scripture whether retrieved by Esdras v. 2 n. 25. q. 2. Synod of Dort had they Truth on their side v. 2. n. 26. q. 2. Sermon any reason for the clamour against it v. 2. n. 26. q. 6. Soul when it leaves the Body where goes it v. 2. n. 26. q. 7. Saviour and the Thief on the Cross v. 2. n. 27. q. 5. Sodom's overthrow v. 2. n. 27. q. 6. Saviour his Humane and Divine Nature v. 2. n. 27. q. 9. Snake when cut into Pieces v. 2. n. 27. q. 16. State of the Sun Moon c. at the last day v. 2. n. 28. q. 1. Sea how comes it not to overflow the World v. 2. n. 28. q. 6. Silk-worm how it lives v. 2. n. 28. q. 7. Spiritual Substance whether distinct parts v. 2. n. 29. q. 4. Soul it 's seat v. 2. n 29. q. 5. Souldiers who has most v. 2. n. 29. q. 12. Serpent how could he speak with mans Voice v. 2. n. 29. q. 15. Scripture and prophane History why they differ v. 2. n. 30. q. 7. Superstition of abstaining from Flesh v. 2. n. 30. q. 12. Sun where does it set v. 3. n. 1. q. 4. Spider how does it Poison a fly v. 3. n. 1. q. 5. Singing Psalms why not used v. 3. n. 6. q. 4. Sea Water why Salt v. 3. n. 6. q. 7. Souls whether all equally happy v. 3. n. 8. q. 5. Soul of a Child quick in the Womb v. 3 n. 8. q. 6. Shooting at Sea why heard at a distance v. 3. n. 9. q. 6. Soul after what manner it enters into the Body v. 3. n. 9. q. 7. Shell fish why the shell apply'd to the Ear v. 3. n. 9. q. 11. Sermon of one hour why seems longer than two v. 3. n. 11. q. 8. Shoot right why they wink with one Eye v. 3. n. 12. q. 5. Self-dislike whether Wisdom v. 3. n. 12. q. 7. Sences which can we best spare v. 3. n. 14. q. 1. Self-Murther for a Mistress whether Lawful v. 3. n. 16. q. 2. Socinian Heresie when broach't v. 3. n. 18. q. 4. Spring how visible v. 3. n. 19. q 5. Stones on Salisbury Plain v. 3. n. 19. q. 6. Sky is it of any Colour v. 3. n. 22. q. 5. Sacrament