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A33136 Divi Britannici being a remark upon the lives of all the kings of this isle from the year of the world 2855, unto the year of grace 1660 / by Sir Winston Churchill, Kt. Churchill, Winston, Sir, 1620?-1688. 1675 (1675) Wing C4275; ESTC R3774 324,755 351

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Indos The first possession we had of New-England being principally ascribed to that of his here in Old England both that Virginia and Bermudas three of our most famous Plantations however discover'd before his time having in no measure recover'd so much strength as to make good the Ground they laid Title to till influenced by his Wisdom The chief Town therefore of Virginia the chief Plantation being in honour of his Memory call'd James town by which remote Land-mark if we take the Dimensions of his Greatness considering the Ocean he commanded betwixt this and that other World which was no less properly his Dominion then the Terra Firma beyond it We need not wonder at the Learned Grotius his making him a Rival with Neptune since his Trident was nothing so glorious as t'others three Scepters tria Sceptra Profundi Grot. Silvar lib. 2. In magnum Coiêre Ducem Licet omnia Casus Magna suos metuunt Jacobo Promissa Potestas Cum Terris Pelagoque manet HONI · SOIT · QVI · MAL · Y · PENSE DIEV ET MON DROIT Neither was it the least cause of his Misfortunes that he had a War devolv'd upon him by his peaceable Father without any means to carry it on so that to save a Sister he in some sort hazarded the loosing himself the ill beginning of the Recovery of the Palatinate being the first if not the principal Cause of loosing as after he did his own Dominions beyond all Recovery For as it was evident that his Parliaments taking the first Occasion from his Necessities to put what price they pleas'd upon their Supplies made this the first Occasion of a breach betwixt them so 't is as evident That the King of France taking his measure of his weakness by that of their strength was tempted to provoke him to a second before he had ended the first War which he not being able to sustain was necessitated to stoop to such low Conditions as prov'd the Foundation of a more Fatal War at home then that he declined abroad Thus the sower Grapes his Father eat set his Teeth on edge and however the same Fruit is said to have cost his elder Brother his Life yet when he came to declare what 't was he lov'd best he preserv'd the * The French before the Spa●●st Lady Vine before the Pomgranate whether as judging it more flexible or certainly more fruitful is not known but it appears by what follow'd that he rather pleas'd himself in that choice then his People who as they ever preferr'd Spanish before French Wine so their aversness to the French Nation made them not only pass by many unbeseeming Censures upon the Match not condering they deny'd him that Liberty every private man of them contested for but malitiously to charge the Innocent Queen with all the Ills that follow'd afterward as oft as his Parliaments and he differ'd which was as often as they met and that was not seldom for he had no less then five in fifteen years who notwithstanding never any Prince desired more to give them satisfaction were all very froward and ill dispos'd towards him The very first he call'd shewing themselves not willing to understand him and the second behav'd themselves so that he was asham'd to own he understood them and at the third meeting either understood one another so well that they began to quarrel the fourth gave him the Justle and the fif●h made it good by fighting him Neither were the States of Holland shorter sighted then the K. of France who as they were false to their own and naturally hated all Kings so they took Occasion to fish in our troubled Waters breaking in upon his Soveraignty at Sea as his own Subjects upon his Prerogative at Land which though it were as great an Affront to the whole Nation as to him yet the grand Representatives of that time took so little notice of it that one would have thought they had designed to have exprest no less disdain of his then the Roman Senate did of the Government of the Decemviri Qui nequid eorum Ductu aut Auspicio prosperè gereretur vinci se Patiebantur saith Tacitus for when he came to demand aid of them they not only deny'd him but left him in a worse Condition then they found him making him as great a Sufferer in his Reputation as he was in his Right And that which made this Misfortune the more notorious was That the same Course he took to make the matter better made it worse For having no ready money to set out a Navy nor means to get any he was forced to make use of a little Treasure-trove if I may call it for which he was beholding to his Attorney-General Noy who incouraged him to lay a Tax upon the People by the dubious Authority of an antiquated and as it was afterward call'd Arbitrary Law whereby the Kings of England heretofore had power given them to impose a Naval Tax in case of eminent danger by Sea A Law which at the first making was judg'd to be as reasonable as necessary being intended to prevent the frequent Incursions of the Danes before the Norman Conquest but all Fears of that Nature having vanish'd so long since to revive it now was look'd on like the drawing forth of an old rusty Sword which gave such a wound to the Liberty of the Subject that though it were not very deep rankled to that degree as notwithstanding the many good applications afterward to heal it the inflammation could not be taken off till it turn'd to a Gangreen Thus whilst he resolv'd to do nothing but by Law the legality of his proceedings is taken for an act of the highest Tyranny Neither was this the worst on 't to see his Fleet as it were dry-foundred at Land before it could put to Sea for the Parliament instead of maintaining his busied themselves wholly in asserting their own Rights bringing them to the old Standard of Magna Charta and the Petition of Right Which however it seem'd to be bad enough in the Intention all Circumstances then consider'd proved yet worse in the Explication being constru'd not long after to the prejudice of his Right of Tonnage and Poundage in discussing whereof they committed a Violence upon themselves which declared what they intended upon him by leaving a President that as much out-lasted their Cause as the Cause did their Priviledge shutting up the Doors of their House as if guilty that they deserv'd to be disturb'd till they had fully vented their Passion in some menacing Vores that urg'd him to dissolve them by such a kind of Force as was every whit as rare as their Insolence the breaking up their Doors for so he was fain to do before he could get Entrance though himself was there in Person to demand it making so great a noise that it was heard not only thorow every part of the discontented City but Kingdom and the sound became the more
Majesty which might preserve the Reverence due to it and accordingly he not only purged and prepar'd the great Pagan Temples for the Service and Honour of Religion but erected many particular Seminaries quae Christianae pietatis extitere primordia saith Polidor endowing them at his own proper costs and charges amongst the rest I take that of Bangor to be as the first so perhaps the (q) Containing no less then 300 Monks greatest Monastery that ever was I say not in this Isle only but in any part of the World whose Foundation was layd so deep that none of the Emperors in the Century following who for the most part prov'd bloody Persecutors could undermine it The Religious continuing safe in the peaceful Exercise of their Devotions till the Entrance of those cursed Pagans the Saxons who sacrificed them all in one day But as he was the first Christian so he was unhappily the last King of this Class who dying without Heir or Successor left his Orphan Country not only dispairing of future Liberty but subjected to all the present miseries a dejected people could suffer under the Oppression of a greedy proud and cruel Nation who kept faith with them no longer then till they could find an Opportunity to do otherwise being not content to command their Purses without they dispos'd of their Persons also forcing them to serve in their ambitious Quarrels abroad and to follow the Fortune of their several Factions through all the disadvantages that attended the injustice of their Arms till wasted wearied to that degree as rendred them unable to defend themselves they were necessitated to implore aid from those who under colour of coming as Auxiliaries prov'd of all others the most fatal Enemies taking their Country from them and from their Country its name THE SECOND DYNASTY OF ROMANS OF ROMANS THE Romans as most other Nations were a People mixt Party per Pale half Latins and half Sabins and so equally Incorporated that the one gave name to the place they liv'd in t'other to the People they liv'd with Rome was the name of the City Quirites the appellation of the Citizens Some say the City was in the first place call'd (a) Aug. de Civit Dei Febris after the name of Febra the mother of Mars Others suppose the Antient name to be (b) Solinus Valentia but (c) Pier. Hieroglyph lib. 36. Pierrius affirms from the testimony of Gergithias that the primitive name was Cephalon a Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Caput a name saith he occasionally given to it out of respect to a mans head of incredible magnitude that was found at the digging up the foundation of the Capitol or rather Prophetically given as believing it would be the head City of the World There are who affirm it had (d) Erithraeus ind Virg. l. 11. three names the first Soveraign which was that of Romethe the Second Sacred which was (e) Plut. Vit. Romuli calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Flore● Anthusa as much as to say Flourishing the third was Secret as having never been publish'd by any man saith (f) Pliny lib. 3. Cap. 5. Pliny but once by Valerius Soranus who for his bold Impiety for so it was then Esteem'd was presently put to death the Romans superstitiously believing as all other Gentiles did at that time that the good fortune of their City was involv'd in the name the discovery whereof by the help of some Charms might be a means to Rob them of their Tutelar Gods and therefore to shew that this name was not so much as to be enquir'd after they made the Image of the Goddess Angerona the presentative of the Genius of their City with a (g) As Mussurius Sabinus Varro and others testifie Muffler on her mouth to shew that she might not speak Something of the same conceit was questionless the cause that Posterity is left at such a loss in seeking after the right name of this Isle of Ours which seems to be rather conceal'd by the Druides than unknown to them when Caesar could neither by flattery or force extort the truth from them Fabius Pictor tells us yet of another name that Rome had to wit Amarillis so call'd from Amaris a Trench to convey water for that after they had Sacrific'd to Vectumnius upon the overflow of the Argean Sea by Tyber the water return'd to his own Chanel and thence by Aquaducts was conveyed to the City Thus it remains uncertain what the Original not to say principal name of this great City was and more uncertain when it took that name Some fetch the Aera thereof Ab A. M. 2389. others looking back to the year 2336. But most of the Vulgar Chronologers go no further than the year 3211. Some will have it call'd Rome from Roma Daughter of Italus King of the Aborigines Others from Romanessa better known by the name of Saturn Some again impute the honour to Romanus Son of Ulisses and Circe and there are who contend for Romus the Son of Ematheon sent by Dyomede from Troy but the Vulgar Tradition favours Romulus which yet Plutarch that wrote his life acknowledges not making him their Patronimick who was by Birth a Bastard and no otherwise a King than by Treachery having laid the foundation of his greatness in the Blood of his Brother and slain his Uncle to make way for his Grand-father Thus these Romans that would be esteem'd the most glorious People in the World had this in Common with the most Barbarous and obscure Nations that they came from such Springs as running under ground were not discoverable in many Ages after their first Rice insomuch that they who would trace their Originals as far as they themselves could wish or their Poets Feign must stop at last at the Non ultra of the utmost bounds of Nature where the rest of the Universe stands equal with them in all points Now as Rome had its Sacred Name so had it also its Sacred Number comp●ehended in that name which answering to the Influences of those Constellations with which the Genius of their Nation kept Intelligence actuated all their great designs and undertakings For as the Britains were principally if not wholly swaid by the Number Six as all Nations in the World by some one number or another so were they by that of Seven which being of all other most like the Geometrical Square may be said to be the most proper figure of Regulation Seven Letters in the (h) Anthusa Mystical or Sacred name of their City before mention'd as many in that of Romulus their supposed Founder who as Livy tells us alter'd his mind seven times touching the place where he would have it Founded and at last plac'd it upon seven Hills afterwards he divided his Principality into seven Tribes four Local and three National and when he came to distinguish betwixt the Nobility and the Populacy he differenc'd them by seven