on heapes in pits at the cliffe side and so conuerted the same to a kind of wood but the noy some fauour hath cursed it out of the countrey This Floteore is now and then found naturally formed like rufs combs and such like as if the sea would equall vs in apparel as it resembleth the land for all sorts of liuing creatures The sea strond is also strowed with sundry fashioned coloured shels of so diuersified and pretty workmanship as if Nature were for her pastime disposed to shew her skilin trifles With these are foūd moreouer certain Nuts some what resembling a sheepes kidney saue that they are flatter the outside consisteth of a hard darke coloured rinde the inner part of a kernell voyd of any paste but not so of vertue especially for women trauayling in childbirth if at least old wiues tales may deserue any credit If I become blame-worthy in speaking of such toyes Scipio and Lelius shall serue for my patrons who helde it no shame to spend time in their gathering But to carie you from these trifles you shall vnderstand that Cornewall is stored with many sorts of shipping for that terme is the genus to them all namely they haue Cock-boats for passengers Sayn-boats for taking of Pilcherd Fisher-boates for the coast Barges for sand Lighters for burthen and Barkes and Ships for trafficke of all which seuerally to particularize were consectari minutias and therefore I will omit to discourse of them or of the wrackes proceeding from them to their great dammage and the finders petty benefit to whom he that in ioyeth the Admirals right by the common custome alloweth a moytie for his labour But though I shunne tediousnesse herein I feare lest I shal breede you Nauseam while I play the fishmonger and yet so large a commoditie may not passe away in silence I will therefore with what briefnes I can shew you what they are when they come where they haunt with what baite they may be trayned with what engine taken and with what dressing saued Herein we will first begin with the Peall Trowt and Sammon because they partake of both salt and fresh water breeding in the one and liuing in the other The Trowte and Peall come from the Sea betweene March and Midsummer and passe vp into the fresh ryuers to shed their spawne They are mostly taken with a hooke-net made like the Easterne Weelyes which is placed in the stickellest part of the streame for there the fish chiefely seeketh passage and kept abroad with certaine hoopes hauing his smaller end fastned against the course of the water and his mouth open to receiue the fish while he fareth vp by night The Sammons principall accesse is betweene Michaelm as and Christmas for then and not before the ryners can afford them competent depth A time forbidden to take them in by the Statute thirteene of Richard the second but if they should bee allowed this priuiledge in Cornwall the Inhabitants might vtterly quit all hope of good by them for the rest of the yeere They are refettest that is fattest at their first comming from the Sea and passe vp as high as any water can carrie them to spawne the more safely and to that end take aduantage of the great raynie flouds After Christmas they returne to the Sea altogether spent out of season whome as the spring time commethon their fry doe follow and it hath beene obserued that they as also the Trowt and Peall haunt the same ryuers where they first were bred Vpon the North coast and to the Westwards of Foy few or none are takē either through those ryuers shallownesse or their secret dislike To catch them sundrie deuices are put in practise one is with the hooke and line where they vse Flies for their baite another with the Sammon speare a weapon like Neptunes Mace bearded at the points With this one standeth watching in the darke night by the deepe pooles where the Sammons worke their bed for spawning while another maketh light with a waze of reed The Sammon naturally resorteth to the flame playing in and out and there through is discerned strooken and drawne on land by a cord fastned to the speare The third and more profitable meanes of their taking is by hutches A head of Fagots or stones is made acrosse theryuer and his greatest part let out through a square roome therein whose vpper side giueth passage to the water by a grate but denieth it to the fish and the lower admitteth his entrie thorow certaine thicke laths couched slope-wise one against another but so narrowly as he can find no way of returne while the streame tosseth him hither and thither and the laths ends gall him if he stumble on the place They vse also to take Sammons and Trowts by groping tickling them vnder the bellies in the Pooles where they houer vntill they lay hold on them with their hands so throw them on land Touching these one scribling of the ryuer Lyner rymed as ensueth THe store-house of Sunnes cheuisance The clocke whose measures time doth dance The Moones vassall the Lord of chance Oceanus Ereyeeres compasse his circle end From bugie bosome where they wend His scaly broode to greete doth send His wife Tellus Some haile but with the coasting shore Some multiplie the Harbours store Some farre into the ryuers bore Amongst therest A threefoldrowt of Argus hew Kind to encrease foes to eschew With Lyners supple mantle blew Themselues reuest What time enricht by Phoebus rayes The Alder his new wealth displayes Of budded groates and welcome payes Vnto the Spring The Trowts of middle growth begin And eygall peizd twixt either finne At wonted hoste Dan Lyners Inne Take their lodging Next as the dayes vp earely rise In com's the Peall whose smaller sise In his more store and oft supplies A praise doth find Lastly the Sammon king of fish Fils with good cheare the Christmas dish Teaching that season must relish Each in his kind And of the Sammon in particular Now to the Sammon king of fish a trice Against whose state both skill and will conspire Paine brings the sewell and gaine blowts the fire That hand may execute the heads deuice Some build his house but his thence issue barre Some make his meashie bed but reaue his rest Some giue him meate but leaue it not disgest Some tickle him but are from pleasing farre Another troope com's in with fire and sword Yet cowardly close counterwaite his way And where he doth in streame mistrustiesse play Vail'd with nights robe they stalke the shore aboord One offers him the daylight in a waze As if darknesse alone contriued wiles But new Neptune his mate at land the whiles With forked Mace deere school's his foolish gaze Poore Fish not praying that art made a pray And at thy natiue home find'st greatest harme Though dread warne swiftnesse guide and strength thee arme Thy neerenesse greatnesse goodnesse thee betray In
the Hauens great store and diuers sorts of fish some at one time of the yeere and some at another doe haunt the depthes and shallowes while the lesser flie the greater and they also are pursued by a bigger each preying one vpon another and all of them adcustoming once in the yeere to take their kind of the fresh water They may bee diuided into three kinds shell star and round fish Of shell fish there are Wrinkles Limpets Cockles Muscles Shrimps Crabs Lobsters and Oysters Of flat fish Rayes Thorn-backes Soles Flowkes Dabs Playces Of round fish Brit Sprat Barne Smelts Whiting Scad Chad Sharkes Cudles Eeles Conger Basse Miller Whirlepole and Porpose The generall way of killing these that is the Fishermans bloudie terme for this cold-blouded creature is by Weares Hakings Saynes Tuckes and Tramels The Weare is a frith reaching slope-wise through the Ose from the land to low water marke and hauing in it a bunt or cod with an eye-hooke where the fish entring vpon their comming backe with the ebbe are stopped from issuing out againe forsaken by the water and left drie on the Ose. For the Haking certaine stakes are pitched in the Ose at low water athwart some Creeke from shore to shore to whose feete they fasten a Net and at ful-ful-sea draw the vpper part thereof to their stops that the fish may not retire with the ebbe but be taken as in the Weares The Sayne is a net of about fortie fathome in length with which they encompasse a part of the Sea and drawe the same on land by two ropes fastned at his ends together with such fish as lighteth within his precinct The Tucke carrieth a like fashion saue that it is narrower meashed and therefore scarce lawfull with a long bunt in the midst the Tramel differeth not much from the shape of this bunt and serueth to such vse as the Weare and Haking The particular taking of sundrie kinds of fishes is almost as diuers as themselues Wrinckles Limpete Cockles and Muscles are gathered by hand vpon the rockes and sands Many of the Crabs breede in the shels of Cockles and of the Lobsters in those of Wrinkles as my selfe haue seene being growne they come forth and liue in holes of Rockes from whence at low water they are dragged out by along crooke of yron The Shrimps are dipped vp in shallow water by the shore side with little round nets fastned to a staffe not much vnlike that which is vsed for daring of Larkes The Oysters besides gathering by hand at a great ebbe haue a peculiar dredge which is a thicke strong net fastned to three spils of yron and drawne at the boates sterne gathering whatsoeuer it meeteth lying in the bottome of the water out of which when it is taken vp they cull the Oysters and cast away the residue which they terme gard and serueth as a bed for the Oysters to breed in It is held that there are of them male and female The female about May and Iune haue in them a certaine kind of milke which they then shead and whereof the Oyster is engendered The little ones at first cleaue in great numbers to their mothers shell from whence waxing bigger they weane themselues and towards Michaelmas fall away The Countrie people long retained a conceit that in Summer time they weare out of kind as in deed the milkie are but some Gentlemen making experiment of the contrarie began to eate them at all seasons wherethrough by spending them oftner and in greater quantitie by spoyling the little ones and by casting away the vnseasonable there ensued a scarcitie which scarcitie brought a dearth the dearth bred a sparing and the sparing restored a plenty againe They haue a propertie though taken out of the water to open against the flood time and to close vpon the ebbe or before if they bee touched the which not long sithence occasioned a ridiculous chaunce while one of them through his sodaine shutting caught in his owne defence three yong Mice by the heades that of malice prepensed had conspired to deuoure him and so trebled the valour of the cleft block which griped Milo by the hands Nature hath strowed the shore with such plenty of these Shel-fishes as thereby shee warranteth the poore from dread of staruing for euery day they may gather sufficient to preserue their life though not to please their appetite which ordinarie with vs was miraculous to the Rochellers in their siedge 1572. After Shel-fish succeedeth the free-free-fish so termed because he wanteth this shelly bulwarke Amongst these the Flowk Sole and Playce followe the tyde vp into the fresh riuers where at lowe water the Countrie people finde them by treading as they wade to seeke them and so take them vp with their hands They vse also to poche them with an instrument somewhat like the Sammon-speare Of Eeles there are two sorts the one Valsen of best taste comming from the fresh riuers when the great raine floods after September doe breake their beds and carry them into the sea the other bred in the salt water called a Conger Eele which afterwards as his bignes increaseth ventreth out into the maine Ocean is enfranchised a Burgesse of that vast cōmon-wealth but in harbor they are takē mostly by Spillers made of a cord many fathoms in length to which diuers lesser and shorter are tyed at a little distance and to each of these a hooke is fastened with bayt this Spiller they sincke in the sea where those Fishes haue their accustomed haunt and the next morning take it vp againe with the beguiled fish For catching of Whiting and Basse they vse a thred so named because it consisteth of a long smal lyne with a hooke at the end which the Fisherman letteth slip out of his hand by the Boat side to the bottome of the water and feeling the fish caught by the sturring of the lyne draweth it vp againe with his purchase The Porposes are shaped very bigge and blacke These chase the smaller schoels of fish from the mayne sea into the hauens leaping vp and downe in the water tayle after top and one after another puffing like a fat lubber out of breath and following the fish with the flood so long as any depth will serue to beare them by which means they are sometimes intercepted for the Borderers watching vntill they be past farre vp into some narrow creeke get belowe them with their Boats and cast a strong corded net athwart the streame with which and their lowd and continuall showting and noyse making they fray and stop them from retyring vntill the ebbe haue abandoned them to the hunters mercy who make short worke with them and by an olde custome share them amongst all the assistants with such indifferencie as if a woman with child bee present the babe in her wombe is gratified with a portion a poynt also obserued by the Spearehunters in taking of Sammons
from the sayd flood-gate and serueth to keepe any fish aliue that you haue before taken and so to saue ouer often drawing The flood-gate will hold water best if his sides bee walled vp with Cob. The pond may not carry one continuall depth but containe some shallow places to protect the smaller fish from the greater and for them all to play in when the weather is hote In the higher banke there is also a flood-gate to let in the fresh water during Summer season which the fish then best affecteth the rest of the yeere it is carryed away by a trench for auoyding diuers discommodities Thus much for the making now to the vse Such as haue the meanes may best benefit themselues by letting in the salt water euery tyde which is easily done in making that place where the water entreth lower then the bankes and frith and so suffering the tyde to take his course forth and back without stop or attendance and in this case you may place your flood-gate euen with the floore of your pond and neuer take it vp but when you are disposed to view all your store But mine lieth so high from the mouth of the hauen as I am driuen to detayne the last prouision vntill the comming spring-tyde haue taken two daies encrease at which time the floodgate is hoysed vp the olde water let out and the new admitted At full sea downe goeth the flood-gate againe and there abideth vntill the next day minister the like ocasion and after this maner is opened and closed for sixe dayes in the whole continuing from thenceforth other ten dayes vnmedled withall to wit 8. daies of the neap two of the spring Neither doth al this require ouer-lōg or busie paines or attēdance for if the former water be let out sauing in extreme cold weather before any new come in or stopped somewhat too late it little skilleth so as on the last day you keepe the aduantage which the flood then at highest doth giue you And all these seruices about my pond together with sundry other are performed by an old fellow whome I keepe for almes and not for his worke The best meanes of preuenting leakage is to let three or foure shouels full of earth fall softly downe by the inner side of the flood-gate which will quurt vp his chinkes In winter season sixe foote depth of water at least is requisite Now touching the fish this is the maner When the Pilcherd Sayners cut the most impayred pieces out of their nets they are bought for a trifle and serue to make a lesse Sayne of some 30. or 40. fathom length and 2. in depth for this purpose wherewith betweene Midsummer and the end of August when the full sea falleth in the after-noones my people make draughtes on the shallow places within harbour and taking small fishes cast them into the pond they are kept brought thither aliue in a boat halfe full of water which entreth thorow a little augre hole in the bottome and so continueth new The fish thus taken are commonly Basse Millet Guilthead Whiting Smelts Flouk Plaice and Sole The pond also breedeth Crabs Eeles Shrimps and in the beginning Oysters grew vpon boughs of trees an Indian miracle which were cast in thither to serue as a houer for the fish The Basse and Millet do also spawn there but whether they ouerliue their breeders rauening to any big growth I am not certayne The pond will more ouer keepe Shote Peale Trought and Sammon in seasonable plight but not in their wonted reddish graine They feed on salt vnmarchantable Pilcherd small fish called Brit and Barne Tag-wormes Lugges little Crabs the liuers of beasts the rest deuoure their meat but the Millets content themselues with sucking it and chawing of the sedge Euery euening they come to a place certain in the pond for receiuing their allowed pittance and in Summer approche very neere and in the top of the water plainly discouer themselues They were first trayned hereunto by throwing in their bayte at the ponds mouth as they resorted thither to take pleasure of the new entring water and are now become alike tame with those in the Sicilian riuer Elorus for which Leonicus voucheth the testimony of Apollodorus If they be absent a knocking like the chopping of their meat serueth for a summons to call them confirmeth Plynies assertion that fishes do heare In the hotest Summer weather they swimme with the ryme of the water and in the Winter keepe the depth Lymy or thicke puddelly water killeth them they grow very fast and fatte which also bettereth their taste and deliuereth them to the demaunders ready vse at all seasons seasonable They are takē generally by a little Sayne net specially the Eeles in weelies the Flowks by groping in the sād at the mouth of the pond where about Lent they bury themselues to spawn the Basse and Millet by angling The pleasure which I took at my friends pleasure herein idlely busied me thus to expresse the same I Wayt not at the Lawyers gates Ne shoulder clymets downe the stayres I vaunt not manhood by debates I enuy not the misers feares But meane in state and calme in sprite My fishfull pond is my delight Where equall distant Iland viewes His forced banks and Otters cage Where salt and fresh the poole renues As Spring and drowth encrease or swage Where boat presents his seruice prest And well become the fishes nest There sucking Millet swallowing Basse Side-walking Crab wry-mouthed Flooke And slip-fist Eele as euenings passe For safe bayt at due place doe looke Bold to approche quick to espy Greedy to catch ready to fly In heat the top in cold the deepe In spring the mouth the mids in neap With changelesse change by shoales they keepe Fat fruitfull ready but not cheap Thus meane in state and calme in sprite My fishfull pond is my delight And againe STench-louing Flies their father heat On mother moysture doth beget Who feeling force of Sunne too great Their course vnto some water set There meane of calmy ayre to proue Twixt coole below and warmth aboue But carelesse of foresight in weale The euening deaw droplodes their wing So forst downe falne for flight to sayle With buzzing moane their bane they sing Fluttering in waue swimming in ayre That weake to drowne and this to beare While thus they can nor liue nor dye Nor water-gieu'd escape away The fish and swallowes it espie And both them challenge for their pray The fish as caught within their toyle The Swallowes as their kindely spoyle The fish like Swallowes mount on high The Swallowes fish-like diue in waue These finlesse swimme those winglesse fly One bent their diuers ventures haue Fish in the drye Swallowes in wet By kinde 'gainst kinde their prey to get Their push a bubble vp doth reare The bubble driues the Fly to brinke So Fish in vaine deuoure the ayre Swallowes in vayne the water drinke While Fly
and lastly from thence to Excester But this first losse receyued reliefe through a succeeding Priory which at the general suppression changing his note with his coate is now named Port Eliot and by the owners charity distributeth pro virili the almes accustomably expected and expended at such places Neither will it I thinke much displease you to heare how the gentlemans ancestour of whom master Eliot bought it came by the same Iohn Champernowne sonne and heire apparant to Sir Philip of Deuon in H. the 8. time followed the Court and through his pleasant conceits of which much might be spoken wan some good grace with the King Now when the golden showre of the dissolued Abbey lands rayned welnere into euery gapers mouth some 2. or 3. gentlemen the Kings seruants and master Champernownes acquaintance waited at a doore where the King was no passe forth with purpose to beg such a matter at his hands Our gentleman became inquisitiue to know their suit they made strange to impart it Thiâ—â—â—hile out comes the King they kneele down so doth master Champernowne they preferre their petition the King graunts it they render humble thanks and so doth M. Champernowne afterwards he requireth his share they deny it he appeales to the King the King avoweth his equall meaning in the largesse whereon the ouertaken companions were fayne to allot him this Priory for his partage The parish Church answereth in bignesse the large proportion of the parish the surplusage of the Priory a great part of whose chauncell anno 1592. fel suddenly downe vpon a Friday very shortly after publike seruice was ended which heauenly fauour of so little respite saued many persons liues with whoÌ„ immediately before it had bene stuffed and the deuout charges of the well disposed parishioners quickly repayred this ruine At the townes end Cuddenbeak an ancieÌ„r house of the Bishops from a well aduaunced Promontory which intituled it Beak taketh a pleasant prospect of the riuer In this parish lyeth Bake the mansion of the foreremeÌ„bred M. Ro. Moyle who maried Anne daughter of M. Lock as he did mistris Vaughan a Gentlewoman suppressing her rare learning with a rarer modesty yet expressing the same in her vertuous life and Christian decease Iohn father to Robert maried Agnes daughter of Semtabyn and his father 〈…〉 daughter of Forteskew to whom that dwelling first descended He beareth for his Armes G. a Moyle passant Ar. A part of this parish confineth on the maine sea offreth a faire landing place called Seaton howbeit by a handsome fence forbidding any foes inuasion it is ouerlooked vpon the one side of the riuer which there dischargeth his streame into the Ocean by Keuerel the ancient house of the Langdons Gent. in former times of faire reuennues whose Armes are Ar. a Cheuron betweene 3. Beares heads erased Sa. The house perhaps borowing his name of Cheâ—ereal al French word signifying a wild Goat as those high elifs affoord them a commodious inhabitance and on the other by Tregonnock the dwelling of M. Tho Smith who in a quiet honest retirednes findeth that contentmet which many ambitious heads far and wide doe vainely seeke for he maried Tre 〈…〉 his father Robert one of the daughters and heires to Killigrew and his sonne Iohn Priscilla the daughter of M. Geo. Wadham His Armes B. a Soultier Ar. betweene 4. Martlets O. Leauing S. Germanes and passing through Laurake parish in which M. Peter Courtney hath an high seated house called WottoÌ„ you descend to Noddet or bridge where the riuer Lyner first mingleth his fresh streame with the brinish waues touching whose name and quality one delighted in the solitary solace of his banks more affecting his owne recreation then hunting after any others good liking descanted thus WHo first gaue Lyners name Or from what cause it came Hard 't is for certaine to expresse Experience yet directs By tryall of effects Thereatto ayme and frame a gesse Is 't that as she thee bear'th So thou doest line the earth With purfeld streames of blew and white Or at a line doth guide So thou doest leuell slide And throw'st into the sea thy mite Is 't that with twisted line The Angler doth vntwine The fishes life by giuing-breath Or as the threshing lout Rusheth his Lyners out So Lyner on his course rushetht Or as some puppy feat Liueth a mastiue great And getteth whelps of mongrell kinde Lyner the sea so lines And streame with waue combines Begetting waters freshly brin'de Item WHen Sunne the earth least shadow spares And highest stalles in heauen his seat Then Lyners peeble bones he bares Who like a lambe doth lowly blear And faintly sliding euery rock Plucks from his foamy fleece a lock Before a riuer now a rill Before a fence now searce a bound Children him ouer-leape at will Small beasts his deepest bottome sound The heauens with brasse enarch his head And earth of yron makes his bed But when the milder-mooded skie His face in mourning weedes doth wrap For absence of his clearest die And drops teares in his Centers lap Lyner gynnes Lyon-like to roare And scornes old bankes should bound him more Then second Sea he rolles and bear's Rockes in his wombe riekes on his backe Downe-borne bridges vptorne wear's Witnesse and wayle his force their wracke Into mens houses fierce he breakes And on each stop his rage he wreakes Shepheard adiew's his swymming flocke The Hinde his whelmed haruest hope The strongest rampire fear 's his shocke Plaines scarce oan serue to giue him scope Nor hils a barre whereso he stray'th Ensue losse terrour ruine death In following the course of Lyner you fall downe by Master Bonds auncient house of Earth descended to his auncesters from the daughter and heire of that name to that of Master Wiuels newly and fayrely builded on which abbutteth Ma. Bullers Shillingham not so much beholden to the owners inhabitance as to natures pleasant and commodious seating Bond married with Fountaine his father with Fits his Armes are Ar. on a Cheuron Sa. three Befants Next wee take view of Trematon Castle as it doth of the Hauen and Countrie adioyning It is or rather was one of the Dukes foremencioned foure houses for now all the inner buildings are sunke into ruine onelythere remaine the Iuie-tapissed wals of the Keepe and base Court and a poore dwelling for the keeper of the Gayle to which prisoners are brought vpon actions from al places appurtenaÌ„t to that large Lordship if they cannot by suretiship discharge themselues from the Bailiefes arrest I haue receiued information from one auerring eye-witnes that about fourescore yeres since there was digged vp in the Parish Chauncell a Leaden coffin which being opened shewed the proportion of a verie bigge man but when the hands went about to ascertaine themselues as well as their eyes the body verified that Omnis caro puluis The partie farder told me how a writing graued in the Lead expressed the same to bee the
purpose to withstand the fretting weather There are also three other sorts of stones seruing to the same vse and hewed with lesse though differing labour Pentuan digged our of the Sea Cliffes and in colour somewhat resembleth gray Marble Cara 〈…〉 use blacke not vnlike the Ieat the third taken out of inland Quarries and not much differing from the Easterne free stone The Sea strond also in many places affordeth Peeble-stones which washed out of the earth or falling from the Rockes and there lying loose are by often rolling of the wanes wrought to a kind of roundnesse and serue verie handsomely for pauing of streetes and Courts For couering of houses there are three sorts of Slate which from that vse take the name of Healing-stones The first and best Blew the second Sage-leafe coloured the third and meanest Gray The Blew and so the rest are commonly found vnder the walling Slate when the depth hath brought the workmen to the water This Slate is in substance thinne in colour faire in waight light in lasting strong and generally carrieth so good regard as besides the supplie for home prouision great store is yeerely conucied by shipping both to other parts of the Realme and also beyond the Seas into Britaine and Netherland They make Lyme moreouer of another kind of Marle stone either by burning a great quantitie thereof together with a feruent fire of Furze or by maintaining a continuall though lesser heate with stone Cole in smaller Kils this is accompted the better cheape but that yeeldeth the whiter Lyme Touching mettals Copper is found in sundrie places but with what gaine to the searchers I haue not beene curious to enquire nor they hastie to reueale For at one Mine of which I tooke view the Owre was shipped to bee refined in Wales either to saue cost in the fewell or to conceale the profit Neither hath nature denyed Siluer to Cornwall though Cieero excluded the same out of all Britaine and if wee may beleeue our Chroniclers reports who ground themselues vpon authenticall Records king Edward the first and king Edward the third reaped some good benefit therof But for our present experience what she proffereth with the one hand shee seemeth to pull backe with the other whereof some Gentlemen not long sithence made triall to their losse howbeit neither are they discouraged by this successe nor others from the like attempt Tynners doe also find little hoppes of Gold amongst their Owre which they keepe in quils and sell to the Goldsmithes oftentimes with little better gaine then Glaucus exchange Yea it is not altogether barren of precious stones and Pearle for Dyamonds are in many places found cleauing to those Rockes out of which the Tynne is digged they are polished squared and pointed by nature their quantitie from a Pease to a Walnut in blacknesse and hardnesse they come behind the right ones and yet I haue knowne some of them set on so good a foile as at first sight they might appose a not vnskilfull Lapidarie The Pearle though here not aptly raunged breed in bigge Oysters and Muscles greater in quantitie then acceptable for goodnesse as neither round nor Orient Perhaps Caesar spoyled the best beds when he made that gay Coate of them to present his graundame Venus Cornwall is also not altogether destitute of Agates and white Corall as by credible relation I haue learned But why seeke wee in corners for pettie commodities when as the onely mynerall of Cornish Tynne openeth so large a field to the Countries benefit this is in working so pliant for sight so faire and in vse so necessarie as thereby the Inhabitants gaine wealth the Marchants trafficke and the whole Realme a reputation and with such plentie therof hath God stuffed the bowels of this little Angle that as Astiages dreamed of his daughter it ouerfloweth England watereth Christendome and is deriued to a great part of the world besides In trauailing abroad in tarrying at home in eating and drinking in doing ought of pleasure or necessitie Tynne either in his owne shape or transformed into other fashions is alwayes requisite alwayes readie for our seruice but I shall rather disgrace then endeere it by mine ouer-weake commendation and sooner tire my selfe then draw the fountaine of his praises drie Let this therefore suffice that it cannot bee of meane price which hath found with it Dyamonds amongst it Gold and in it Siluer The Cornish Tynners hold a strong imagination that in the withdrawing of Noahs floud to the Sea the same tooke his course from East to West violently breaking vp and forcibly carrying with it the earth trees and Rocks which lay any thing loosely neere the vpper face of the ground To confirme the likelihood of which supposed truth they doe many times digge vp whole and huge Timber trees which they conceiue at that deluge to haue beene ouerturned and whelmed but whether then or sithence probable it is that some such cause produced this effect Hence it commeth that albeit the Tynne say couched at first in certaine strakes amongst the Rockes like a tree or the veines in a mans bodie from the depth whereof the maine Load spreadeth out his branches vntill they approach the open ayre yet they haue now two kinds of Tynne workes Stream and Load for say they the foremencioned floud carried together with the moued Rockes and earth so much of the Load as was in closed therein and at the asswaging left the same scattered here and there in the vallies and ryuers where it passed which being sought and digged is called Streamworke vnder this title they comprise also the Moore workes growing from the like occasion They maintaine these workes to haue beene verie auncient and first wrought by the Iewes with Pickaxes of Holme Boxe and Harts horne they prooue this by the name of those places yet enduring to wit Attall Sarazin in English the Iewes offcast and by those tooles daily found amongst the rubble of such workes And it may well be that as Akornes made good bread before Ceres taught the vse of Corne and sharpe stones serued the Indians for Kniues vntill the Spaniards brought them Iron so in the infancie of knowledge these poore instruments for want of better did supplie a turne There are also taken vp in such works certaine little tooles heads of Brasse which some terme Thunder-axes but they make small shew of any profitable vse Neither were the Romanes ignorant of this trade as may appeare by a brasse Coyne of Domitian's found in one of these workes and fallen into my hands and perhaps vnder one of those Flauians the Iewish workmen made here their first arriuall They discouer these workes by certaine Tynnestones lying on the face of the ground which they terme Shoad as shed from the maine Load and made somwhat smooth and round by the waters washing wearing Where the finding of these affordeth a tempting likelihood the
did bring into the Realme for euery sixe tunnes two hundred of clapboord fit to make cask and so rateably vpon payne of forfeyting the sayd Pilcherd or fish This A cte to continue before the next Parliament which hath reuiued the same vntill his yet not knowne succeeder The Pilcherd are pursued and deuoured by a bigger kinde of fish called a Plusher being somewhat like the Dog-fish who leapeth now and then aboue water and therethrough bewrayeth them to the Balker so are they likewise persecuted by the Tonny and he though not verie often taken with them damage faisant And that they may no lesse in fortune then in fashion resemble the Flying fish certaine birds called Gannets soare ouer and stoup to prey vpon them Lastly they are persecuted by the Hakes who not long sithence haunted the coast in great abundance but now being depriued of their wonted baite are much diminished verifying the prouerb What we lose in Hake we shall haue in Herring These Hakes and diuers of the other forerecited are taken with threds some of thē with the boulter which is a Spiller of a bigger size Vpon the North coast where want of good harbours denieth safe roade to the fisher-boats they haue a deuice of two sticks filled with corks and crossed flatlong out of whose midst there riseth a thred and at the same hangeth a saile to this engine termed a Lestercock they tie one end of their Boulter lo as the wind comming frō the shore filleth the sayle and the saile carrieth out the Boulter into the sea which after the respite of some houres is drawne in againe by a cord fastned at the neerer end They lay also certaine Weelves in the Sea for taking of Cunners which therethrough are termed Cunner-pots Another net they haue long and narrow meashed thwarted with little cords of wide distance in which the fish intangleth it selfe and is so drawne vp For Bait they vse Barne Pilcherd and Lugges The Lugge is a worme resembling the Tagworme or Angletouch and lying in the Ose somewhat deepe from whence the women digge them vp and sell them to the Fishermen They are descried by their working ouer head as the Tagworme And for lacke of other prouision the Fishermen sometimes cut out a peece of the new taken Hake neere his tayle and therewith baite their hookes to surprise more of his Canniballian fellowes The Seale or Soyle is in making and growth not vnlike a Pigge vgly faced and footed like a Moldwarp he delighteth in musike or any lowd noise and thereby is trained to approach neere the shore and to shew himselfe almost wholly aboue water They also come on land and lie sleeping in holes of the Cliffe but are now and then waked with the deadly greeting of a bullet in their sides The Fishermens hookes doe not alwayes returne them good prise for often there cleaueth to the baite a certaine fish like a Starre so farre from good meate as it is held contagious There swimmeth also in the Sea a round slymie substance called a Blobber reputed noysome to the fish But you are tired the day is spent and it is high time that I draw to harbour which good counsell I will follow when I haue onely told you in what maner the Fishermen saue the most part of their fish Some are polled that is beheaded gutted splitted powdred and dried in the Sunne as the lesser sort of Hakes Some headed gutted iagged and dried as Rayes and Thorn-backes Some gutted splitted powdred and dried as Buckhorne made of Whitings in the East parts named Scalpions and the smaller sort of Conger and Hake Some gutted splitted and kept in pickle as Whiting Mackrell Millet Basse Peall Trowt Sammon and Conger Some gutted and kept in pickle as the lesser Whitings Pollocks Eeles and squarie Scads Some cut in peeces and powdred as Seale and Porpose And lastly some boyled and preserued fresh in Vineger as Tonny and Turbet Besides these flooting burgesses of the Ocean there are also certaine flying Citizens of the ayre which prescribe for a corrodie therein of whō some serue for food to vs and some but to feed themselues Amongst the first sort we reckon the Dip-chicke so named of his diuing and littlenesse Coots Sanderlings Sea-larkes Oxen and Kine Seapies Puffins Pewets Meawes Murres Creysers Curlewes Teale Wigeon Burranets Shags Ducke and Mallard Gull Wild-goose Heron Crane and Barnacle These content not the stomacke all with a like sauorinesse but some carrie a rancke taste and require a former mortification and some are good to bee eaten while they are young but nothing tooth-some as they grow elder The Guls Pewets and most of the residue breed in little desert Ilands bordering on both coastes laying their Egges on the grasse without making any nests from whence the owner of the land causeth the young ones to be fetched about Whitsontide for the first broode and some weekes after for the second Some one but not euerie such Rocke may yeeld yeerely towards thirtie dozen of Guls. They are kept tame and fed fat but none of the Sea kind will breede out of their naturall place Yet at Caryhayes master Treuanions house which bordereth on the Cliffe an old Gull did with an extraordinarie charitie accustome for diuers yeeres together to come and feede the young ones though perhaps none of his alliāce in the court where they were kept It is held that the Barnacle breedeth vnder water on such ships sides as haue beene verie long at Sea hanging there by the Bill vntill his full growth dismisse him to be a perfect fowle and for proofe hereof many little things like birds are ordinarily found in such places but I cannot heare any man speake of hauing seene them ripe The Puffyn hatcheth in holes of the Cliffe whose young ones are thence ferretted out being exceeding fat kept salted and reputed for fish as comming neerest thereto in their taste The Burranet hath like breeding and after her young ones are hatched shee leadeth them sometimes ouer-land the space of a mile or better into the hauen where such as haue leasure to take their pastime chace them one by one with a boate and stones to often diuing vntill through wearinesse they are taken vp at the boates side by hand carried home and kept tame with the Ducks the Egges of diuers of these Fowles are good to bee eaten Sea-fowle not catable are Ganets Ospray Plynyes Haliaectos Amongst which lacke-Daw the second slaunder of our Countrie shall passe for companie as frequenting their haunt though not their diet I meane not the common Daw but one peculiar to Cornwall and therethrough termed a Cornish Chough his bil is sharpe long and red his legs of the same colour his feathers blacke his conditions when he is kept tame vngratious in filching and hiding of money and such short ends and somewhat dangerous in carrying stickes of fire After hauing marched ouer the
conduct of Arundel Wydeslade Resogan and others followed by 6000. with which power they marched into Deuon besieged and assaulted Excester gaue the L. Russell employed with an army against them more then one hot encounter which yet as euer quayled in their ouerthrow In my particular view I wil make easie iournies from place to place as they lye in my way taking the Hundreds for my guydes vntill I haue accomplished this wearisome voyage My first entrance must be by the hundred of East so named for his site and therein at Plymmouth hauen It borroweth that name of the riuer Plym which rising in Deuon and by the way baptizing Plymston Plymstock c. here emptieth it selfe into the sea The hauen parteth Deuon and Cornwall welneere euery where as Tumer riuer runneth I say welneere because some few interland places are excepted a matter so sorted at the first partition eyther to satisfie the affection of some speciall persons or to appropriate the soyle to the former Lords or that notwithstanding this seuerance there might stil rest some cause of entercourse between the Inhabitants of both Counties as I haue heard a late great man ensued and expressed the like consideration in diuision of his lands betweene two of his sonnes Now though this hauen thus bound both shires yet doth the iurisdiction of the water wholly appertayne to the Duchy of Cornwall and may therefore bee claymed as a part of that Country Notwithstanding I will forbeare what I may to intrude vpon my good friend M. Hookers limits and reserue to him the description of the farther shore The first promontory of this harbour on the West side is Rame head by his proportion receyuing and by his possession giuing that name and armes to his owner whose posterity conueyed it by inter-marriages from Durnford to Edgecumb on the toppe thereof riseth a little vaulted Chappell which serueth for a marke at sea From thence trending Penlee poynt you discouer Kings sand and Causam Bay an open roade yet sometimes affoording succour to the woorst sort of Sea-farers at not subiect to cōptrolment of Plymmouth forts The shore is peopled with some dwelling houses and many Cellers dearely rented for a short vsage in fauing of Pilcherd At which time there flocketh a great concourse of Sayners and others depending vpon their labour I haue heard the Inhabitants thereabouts to report that the Earle of Richmond afterwards Henry the seuenth while hee houered vpon the coast here by stealth refreshed himselfe but being aduertised of streight watch kept for his surprising at Plymmouth he richly rewarded his hoste hyed spcedily a shipboord and escaped happily to a better fortune Here also of late yeeres part of the Cornish forces twise encamped themselues planted some Ordinance and raised a weake kind of fortification therethrough to contest if not repulse the landing of the expected enemie and a strong watch is continually kept there euer since one thousand fiue hundred ninetie seuen at which time a Spaniard riding on the Bay while most of the able people gaue their attendance at the Countie Assises sent some closely into the village in the darke of the night who hanged vp barrels of matter fit to take fire vpon certaine doores which by a traine should haue burned the houses But one of the Inhabitants espying these vnwelcome ghests with the bounce of a Caliuer chaced them aboord and remoued the barrels before the traynes came to worke their effect The Inginer of this practise as hath since appeared by some examinations was a Portugall who sometimes sayled with Sir Iohn Borowghs and boasted to haue burned his Ship for which two honourable exploits the King of Spaine bestowed on him two hundred duckets In the mouth of the harbour lyeth S. Nicholas Iland in fashion losengy in quantity about 3. acres strongly fortifyed carefully garded and subiect to the Cōmaunder of Plymmouth for t When the Cornish rebels during Edw. the 6◠raigne turmoyled the quiet of those quarters it yeelded a safe protection to diuers dutyful subiects who there shrowded themselues From this Iland a range of rocks reacheth ouer to the Southwest shore discouered at the low water of Spring tides and leauing onely a narrow entrance in the midst called the Yate for ships to passe thorow whereto they are directed by certaine markes at land Vpon this South shore somewhat within the Iland standeth mount Edgecumb a house builded and named by Sir Ric. Edgecumb father to the now possessioner and if comparisons were as lawfull in the making as they prooue odious in the matching I would presume to ranke it for health pleasure and commodities with any subiects house of his degree in England It is seated against the North on the declining of a hill in the midst of a Deere park neere a narrow entrance thorow which the salt water breaketh vp into the country to shape the greatest part of the hauen The house is builded square with a round turret at eche end garretted on the top the hall rising in the mids aboue the rest which yeeldeth a stately sound as you enter the same In Summer the opened casements admit a refreshing coolenes in Winter the two closed doores exclude all offensiue coldnesse the parlour and dining chamber giue you a large diuersified prospect of land sea to which vnder-ly S. Nicholas Iland Plymmouth fort the townes of Plymmouth Stonehouse Milbrook Saltash It is supplyed with a neuer-fayling spring of water and the dwelling stored with wood timber fruit Deere and Conies The ground abundantly answereth a housekeepers necessities for pasture arable and meadow and is replenished with a kinde of stone seruing both for building lyme and marle On the sea clifs groweth great plenty of the best Ore-wood to satisfie the owners want and accommodate his neighbours A little below the house in the Summer euenings Sayne-boates come and draw with their nets for fish whither the gentry of the house walking downe take the pleasure of the sight sometimes at all aduentures buy the profit of the draughts Both sides of the forementioned narrowe entrance together with the passage betweene much haunted as the high way to Plymmouth the whole towne of Stonehouse and a great circuit of the land adioyning appertaine to M. Edgecumbs inheritāce these sides are fenced with blockhouses and that next to Mount Edgecumb was wont to be planted with ordinance which at comming parting with their base voices greeted such ghest sas visited the house neither hath the opportunity of the harbour wanted occasions to bring them or the owners a franke mind to inuite them For proofe whereof the earst remēbred Sir Ric. a gentleman in whom mildnes stoutnes diffidēce wisdome deliberatenes of vndertaking sufficiency of effecting made a more cōmendable thē blazing mixture of vertue during Q. Ma. raigne entertained at one time for some good space the Admirals of the English Spanish Netherland fleets with
widdow of both And as after the fathers decease good agreement betweene the mother and eldest sonne hath commonly weake continuance because both being enfranchised to a sudden absolute iurisdiction neither of them can easily temper the same with a requisite moderation so it chaunced that shee and hers fell at square which discord with an vnnaturall extremity brake forth into a blow by him no lesse dearly then vndutifully giuen his mother for vpon so iust a cause she disinherited him of all her lands being seuenteene mannours and bestowed them on her yonger sonnes This I learned by the report of Sir Peter Carew the elder of that name and eldest of our stock a Gentleman whose rare worth my pen is not able to shaddow much lesse with his due lineaments to represent at such time as being a scholler in Oxford of fourteene yeeres age and three yeeres standing vpon a wrong conceyued opinion touching my sufficiency I was there called to dispute ex tempore impar congressus Achilli with the matchles Sir Ph. Sidney in presence of the Earles Leycester Warwick and diuers other great personages By the forementioned conueyance she disposed of her sayd mannours as followeth Haccumb Ringmore and Milton shee gaue to Nicholas Lyham Manedon Combhall and Southtawton to Hugh East-Antony Shoggebroke and Landegy to Alexander Wicheband Widebridge Bokeland and Bledeuagh to William and lastly Roseworthy Bosewen and Tregennow to Iohn al which she entailed to them and the issue of their bodies substituting for want thereof the one to be heire to the other and in witnes hereof sayth she in her conueyance to each of these deedes fiue times indented I haue set my seale and because my seale is to many vnknowne haue procured the seale of the Maior of the Citie of Exon to be also adioyned Thomas her eldest sonne repayred this losse in part by matching with one of Carminowes daughters and heires From Nicholas is descended Carew of Haccumb who by vertue of this entayle succeeded also to Hughs portion as deceasing issuelesse From William is come Carew of Crocum in Somerset shire and from Iohn Vere the now Earle of Oxford deriueth his pedigree Alexander maried Elizabeth the daughter of Hatch and begate Iohn who tooke to wife Thamesin one of the daughters and heires of Holland their sonne Sir Wymond espoused Martha the daughter of Edmund and sister to Sir Anthony Denny Sir Wymond had Thomas the husband of Elizabeth Edgecumb and they my selfe linked in matrimony with Iulian daughter to Iohn Arundel of Trerice and one of the heires to her mother Catherine Cosewarth who hath made me father of Richard lately wedded to Briget daughter of Iohn Chudleigh of Ashton in Deuon Touching our stock in generall and my family in particular being once vainly disposed I would it had bene but once I made this idle obseruation CArew of ancient Carru was And Carru is a plowe Romanes the trade Frenchmen the word I doe the name auowe The elder stock and we a braunch At Phoebes gouerning From fire to sonne doe waxe and wane By thrift and lauishing The fire not valuing at due price His wealth it throwes away The sonne by seruice or by match Repaireth this decay The smelling sence wee sundry want But want it without lack For t' is no sense to wish a weale That brings a greater wrack Through natures marke we owne our babes By tip of th'upper lip Black-bearded all the race saue mine Wrong dide by mothership The Barons wife Arch-deacons heire Vnto her yonger sonne Saue Antony which downe to me By 4. descents hath runne All which and all their wiues exprest A Turtles single loue And neuer did tha'duentrous change Of double wedding proue We are the fift to swarue herefrom I will not though I could As for my wife God may dispose Shee shall not though she would Our family transplants itselfe To grow in other shires And Countrey rather makes then takes As best behoofe appeares Children thrice three God hath vs lent Two sonnes and then a mayd By order borne of which one third We in the graue haue layd Our eldest daughter widow fell Before our yongest borne So doe hard haps vnlooked come So are our hopes forlorne Mine trebled haue in either sexe Those which my parents got And yet but halfed them which God My graundsire did allot Whose grace in Court rarely obtaynd To th'yongst of those eighteene Three Kings of England Godfathers For Godmother our Queene The Armes of our family are Or. 3. Lyons passant sable armed and Langued Gules It exceedeth good maners to inuite your longer stay at our colde harbour and yet for that diuers strangers haue either vpon cause or kindnesse pretended to like well of a saltwater pond there made and others whose dwelling affoordeth a semblable oportunity may perhaps take some light herefrom to doe the like if they be so disposed I will put my selfe to the payne of particularly describing it and you may notwithstanding at your pleasure saue the labour of perusing it wherein I will by the way interlace some notes for the Imitaters better instruction There lyeth a creeke of Ose betweene two hilles which deliuering a little fresh rillet into the sea receyueth for recompence a large ouerflowing of the salt water tides This place is deepened to apond by casting vp part of the Ose to the heades part to the middle and part to the sides the vpper head stoppeth out the fresh water the lower keepeth in the salt the middle rayseth an Iland for the VVorkmens ease the owners pleasure and the fishes succour The Ose thus aduanced within short space through the sunne and winde changeth his former softnes to a firmer hardnesse Round about the pond there is pitched a frith of three foote heighth sloped inwards to barre any Otter from issuing if hee there aduenture his naturall theft as it would foreclose his entrance but lose the pastime of his hunting if the same declined outwards In one of the corners next the sea standeth a flood-gate to bee drawne vp and let downe through reigles in the side postes whose mouth is encompassed with a double frith of two foote distance eche from other and their middle space filled vp with small stones this serueth to let in the salt water and to keepe in the fish when the flood-gate is taken vp and therefore you must not make the frith too close nor the compasse too little lest they too much stop the waters passage It riseth of equall heighth with the banks they must outreach the highest full sea mark by two foot at least neyther ought your flood-gates foote to stand euen with the pondes bottome lest emptying the water it wholly abandon the fish but must leaue about three foot depth within In the halfe circle enclosed between the flood-gate and the compasse frith there is digged a round pit of three foot diameter and foure foot depth frithed on the sides which is continually fedde with the water soaking
sixteene inches long sharpned at the one end to pecke and flat-headed at the other to driue certaine little yron Wedges wherewith they cleaue the Rockes They haue also a broad Shouell the vtter part of yron the middle of Timber into which the staffe is slopewise tastned Their maner of working in the Loadmines is to follow the Load as it lieth either sidelong or downe-right both waies the deeper they sincke the greater they find the Load When they light vpon a smal veine or chance to leese the Load which they wrought by meanes of certaine strings that may hap to crosse it they begin at another place neere-hand and so draw by gesse to the maine Load againe If the Load lie right downe they follow it sometimes to the depth of fortie or fiftie fathome These Loadworkes Diod. sicl 5. cap. 8. seemeth to point at where hee saith that the Inhabitants of Velerium Promontorie digge vp Tin out of rockie ground From some of their bottomes you shal at no one dayes discrie the Starres the workmen are let down and taken vp in a Stirrup by two men who wind the rope If the Load lie slope-wise the Tynners digge a conuenient depth and then passe forward vnder ground so farre as the ayre will yeeld them breathing which as it beginneth to faile they sinke a Shaft downe thither from the top to admit a renewing vent which not withstanding their worke is most by Candle-light In these passages they meete sometimes with verie loose earth sometimes with exceeding hard Rockes and somtimes with great streames of water The loose Earth is propped by frames of Timber-worke as they go and yet now and then falling downe either presseth the poore workmen to death or stoppeth them from returning To part the Rockes they haue the foremencioned Axes and Wedges with which mostly they make speedie way and yet not seldome are so tied by the teeth as a good workman shall hardly be able to hew three foote in the space of so many weekes While they thus play the Moldwarps vnsauorie Damps doe here and there distemper their heads though not with so much daunger in the consequence as annoyance for the present For conueying away the Water they pray in aide of sundry deuices as Addits Pumps wheeles driuen by a streame and interchangeably filling and emptying two Buckets with many such like all which notwithstanding the Springs so incroche vpon these inuentions as in sundrie places they are driuen to keepe men and some-where horses also at worke both day night without ceasing and in some all this will not serue the turne For supplying such hard seruices they haue alwaies fresh men at hand They cal it the bringing of an Addit or Audit when they begin to trench without and carrie the same thorow the ground to the Tynworke somewhat deeper then the water doth lie thereby to giue it passage away This Addit they either fetch athwart the whole Load or right from the braunch where they worke as the next valley ministreth fittest oportunitie for soonest cutting into the Hil and therfore a Gentleman of good knowledges deduceth this name of Addit Ab aditu ad aquas Surely the practice is cunning in deuice costly in charge and long in effecting and yet when all is done many times the Load falleth away and they may sing with Augustus bird Opera impensa periit If you did see how aptly they cast the ground for conueying the water by compassings and turnings to shunne such hils vallies as let them by their too much height or lownesse you would wonder how so great skill could couch in so base a Cabbin as their otherwise thicke clouded braines As much almost dooth it exceede credite that the Tynne for and in so small quantitie digged vp with so great toyle and passing afterwards thorow the managing of so many hands ere it come to sale should be any way able to acquite the cost for being once brought aboue ground in the stone it is first broken in peeces with hammers and then carryed either in waynes or on horses backs to a stamping mill where three and in some places sixe great logges of timber bound at the ends with yron and lifted vp and downe by a wheele driuen with the water doe breake it smaller If the stones be ouer-moyst they are dried by the fire in an yron cradle or grate From the stamping mill it passeth to the crazing mil which betweene two grinding stones turned also with a water-wheele bruseth the same to a fine sand how beit of late times they mostly vse wet stampers so haue no need of the crasing mils for their best stuffe but only for the crust of their tayles The streame after it hath forsaken the mill is made to fall by certayne degrees one somwhat distant from another vpon each of which at euery discent lyeth a greene turfe three or foure foote square and one foote thick On this the Tinner layeth a certayne portion of the sandie Tinne and with his shouell softly tosseth the same to and fro that through this stirring the water which runneth ouer it may wash away the light earth from the Tinne which of a heauier substance lyeth fast on the turfe Hauing so clensed one portion he setteth the same aside and beginneth with another vntil his labour take end with his taske The best of those turfes for all sorts serue not are fetched about two miles to the Eastwards of S. Michaels Mount where at a low water they cast aside the sand and dig them vp they are full of rootes of trees and on some of them nuts haue beene found which confirmeth my former assertion of the seas intrusion After it is thus washed they put the remnant into a woodden dish broad flat and round being about two foote ouer and hauing two handles fastened at the sides by which they softly shogge the same to and fro in the water betweene their legges as they sit ouer it vntill whatsoeuer of the earthie substance that was yet left be flitted away Some of later time with a sleighter inuention and lighter labour doe cause certaine boyes to stir it vp and downe with their feete which worketh the same effect the residue after this often clensing they call blacke Tynne whichis proportionably diuided to euerie of the aduenturers when the Lords part hath beene first deducted vpon the whole Then doth each man carrie his portion to the blowing house where the same is melted with Char-coale fire blowne by a great paire of Bellowes mooued with a water-wheele and so cast into peeces of a long and thicke squarenesse from three hundred to foure hundred pound waight at which time the owners marke is set thereupon The last remooue is to the place of Coynage which I shall touch hereafter I haue alreadie told you how great charge the Tynner vndergoeth before he can bring his Owre
Birds they haue Lynnets Goldfinches Ruddockes Canarie birds Blacke-birds Thrushes and diuers other but of Nightingals few or none at all whether through some naturall antipathie betweene them and the foyle as Plinie writeth that Crete sostereth not any Owles nor Rhodes Eagles nor Larius lacus in Italy Storkes or rather for that the Country is generally bare of couert and woods which they effect I leaue to be discussed by others Not long sithence there came a flocke of Birds into Cornwall about Haruest season in bignesse not much exceeding a Sparrow which made a foule spoyle of the Apples Their bils were thwarted crosse-wise at the end and with these they would cut an Apple in two at one snap eating onely the kernels It was taken at first for a forboden token and much admired but soone after notice grew that Glocester Shire and other Apple Countries haue them an ouer-familiar harme In the West parts of Cornwall during the Winter season Swallowes are found sitting in old deepe Tynneworkes and holes of the sea Cliffes but touching their lurking places Olaus Magnus maketh a farre stranger report For he saith that in the North parts of the world as Summer weareth out they clap mouth to mouth wing to wing and legge in legge and so after a sweete singing fall downe into certaine great lakes or pooles amongst the Canes from whence at the next Spring they receiue a new resurrection and hee addeth for proofe hereof that the Fishermen who make holes in the Ice to dip vp such fish with their nets as refort thither for breathing doe sometimes light on these Swallowes congealed in clods of a slymie substance and that carrying them home to their Stoues the warmth restoreth them to life and flight this I haue seene confirmed also by the relation of a Venetian Ambaffadour employed in Poland and heard auowed by trauaylers in those parts Wherethrough I am induced to giue it a place of probabilitie in my mind and of report in this treatise After hauing thus laid open euerie particular of the land naturall order leadeth my next labour to bee imployed about the water and the things incident thereunto the water I seuer into fresh and salt Touching fresh Water euerie hill wel-neere sendeth forth plentifull fresh cleare and pleasant springs all profitable for moystning the ground and wholesome for mans vse diuers by running through veines of mettals supposed also medicinable for sundrie diseases of which more in their particular places These springs as seuerall persons assembling make a multitude take aduantage of the falling grounds to vnite in a greater strength and beget Ryuers which yet are more in number and swifter in course then deepe in bottome or extended in largenesse For they worke out their bed through an earth full of Rockes and stones suting therethrough the nature onely of some speciall fishes of which kind are Minowes Shoats Eeles and Lampreys The rest are common to other Shires but the Shote in a maner peculiar to Deuon and Cornwall in shape and colour he resembleth the Trowt howbeit in bignesse and goodnesse commeth farre behind him His baites are flies and Tag-wormes which the Cornish English terme Angle-touches Of the Ryuers and Hauens which they make occasion will be ministred vs to speake particularly in the next booke and therefore it shall suffice to name the chiefest here in generall which are on the South coast Tamer Tauy Liner Seaton Loo Foy Fala Lo. On the North Camel Halae Of fresh water Ponds either cast out by nature or wrought out by Art Cornwall is stored with verie few though the site of so many narrow vallies offereth many with the onely charge of raysing an head But the Oceans plentifull beames darken the affecting of this pettie starlight touching whose nature and properties for his saltnesse in taste strength in bearing course in ebbing and flowing the effects are so well knowne to the vulgar as they neede not any particular relation and the causes so controuersed amongst the learned as it passeth mine abilitie to moderate the question onely this I will note that somewhat before a tempest if the sea-sea-water bee flashed with a sticke or Oare the same casteth a bright shining colour and the drops thereof resemble sparckles of fire as if the waues were turned into flames which the Saylers terme Briny Amongst other commodities affoorded by the sea the Inhabitants make vse of diuers his creekes for griste-milles by thwarting a bancke from side to side in which a floud-gate is placed with two leaues these the flowing tyde openeth and after full sea the waight of the ebbe closeth fast which no other force can doe and so the imprisoned water payeth the ransome of dryuing an vnder-shoote wheele for his enlargement Ilands S. Nicholas in the mouth of Plymmouth S. George before Loo S. Michaels Mount and the Iles of Scilley Hauens on the South coast there are Plymmouth Loo Foy Falmouth Helford and the Rode of Mountsbay On the North S. Ies and Padstowe of which more hereafter Diuers of these are dayly much endammaged by the earth which the Tynners cast vp in their working and the rayne floods wash downe into the riuers from whence it is discharged in the hauens and shouldreth the sea out of his ancient possession or at least encrocheth vpon his depth To remedy this an Act of Parliament was made 23. H. 8. that none should labour in Tynneworks neere the Deuon and Cornish hauens but whether it aymed not at the right cause or hath not taken his due execution little amendement appeareth thereby for the present and lesse hope may be conceyued for the future Yet this earth being through such meanes conuerted into sand enricheth the husbandman equally with that of Pactolus for after the sea hath seasoned it with his salt and fructifying moysture his waues worke vp to the shore a great part thereof together with more of his owne store grated from the cliffes and the Tillers some by Barges and Boats others by horses and waines doe fetch it therewith dresse their grounds This sand is of diuers kindes colours and goodnesse the kinds some bigger some lesser some hard some easie The colours are answereable to the next Cliffes The goodnesse increaseth as it is taken farther out of the Sea Some haue also vsed to carry vp into their grounds the Ose or salt water mudde and found good profit thereby though not equalling the sand To this purpose also serueth Orewood which is a weed either growing vpon the rockes vnder high water marke or broken from the bottome of the sea by rough weather and cast vpon the next shore by the wind and flood The first sort is reaped yeerely and thereby bettereth in quantity and qualitie the other must be taken when the first tyde bringeth it or else the next change of winde will carry it away His vse serueth for barly land Some accustomed to burne it
burial of a Duke whose heire was maried to the prince But who it should bee I cannot deuise albeit my best pleasing coniecture lighteth vpon Orgerius because his daughter was married to Edgar At the last Cornish commotion S. Richard Greynuile the elder did with his Ladie and followers put themselues into this Castle there for a while indured the Rebels siege incamped in three places against it who wanting great Ordinance could haue wrought the besieged small scathe had his friends or enemies kept faith and promise but some of those within slipping by night ouer the wals with their bodies after their hearts and those without mingling humble intreatings with rude menaces he was hereby wonne to issue forth at a posterne gate for patley The while a part of thoserakehels not knowing what honestie and farre lesse how much the word of a souldier imported stepped betweene him and home laid hold on his aged vnweyldie body and threatned to leaue it liuelesse if the inclosed did not leaue their resistance So prosecuting their first treacherie against the prince with suteable actions towards his subiects they seized on the Castle and exercised the vttermost of their barbarous crueltie death excepted on the surprised prisoners The seely Gentlewomen without regard of sexe or shame were stripped from their apparrell to their verie smockes and some of their fingers broken to plucke away their rings and Sir Richard himselfe made an exchange from Trematon Castle to that of Launceston with the Gayle to boote This Castle vaunteth the Lord Warden his steward by Patent Master Anthonie Rouse his Baylife by inheritance and Richard Carew of Antony his keeper by lease Of the ancient officers one yet retayneth the name though not the place viz. M. Porter to whose ancestor when Vantor was L. thereof one by a deed before date gaue land lying without the gate by the title of Russell Ianitori de Trematon which he still enioyeth M. Porters Armes are Sa. Three Belles Ar. a Canton Erm. It standeth in S. Stephens parish the sheafe whereof together with other farre reuennues M. George Wadham enioying in the right of his wife the daughter and heire to master Hechins liberally bestoweth in continuall hospitalitie Master Hechins Armes are Sa. a crosse Fleurty quarterly B. and G. betweene 4. Lyons heades erased Sa. langued of the second M. Wadhams G. a Cheuron betweene three Roses Ar. The same parish also compriseth Saltash in olde writings called Villa de Esse Esse his towne and such Gentlemen there haue bene of ancient descent and faire reuennues The word Salt is added thereunto because it standeth on the sea to distinguish it from other places of the same name It is seated on the declyning of a steep hill consisteth of three streets which euery showre washeth cleane compriseth betweene 80. and 100. households vnderlyeth the gouernment of a Maior his 10. brethren and possesseth sundry large priuiledges ouer the whole hauen to wit an yeerely rent of boates and barges appertayning to the harbour ancorage of strange shipping crowning of dead persons laying of arrests and other Admirall rights besides electing of Burgesses for the Parliaments benefit of the passage foreclosing all others saue themselues from dredging of Oysters except betweene Candlemas and Easter weckely markets halfe-yeerely fayres c. The towne is of late yeeres well encreased and adorned with buildings the townsmen addict themselues to the honest trade of marchandise which endoweth them with a competent wealth Some 7. or 8. ships belong thereunto It was not long since that the neighbour-ministers successiuely bestowed their paines in preaching there on the market daies and the bordering gentlemen yeelded their presence Sermon ended the Preachers resorted to one ordinary and the Gentlemen to another This affoorded commendable effects to many works of loue and charity but with the retorted blame from one to another it is now wholly giuen ouer Heere that great Carrack which Sir Frauncis Drake surprised in her returne from the East Indies vnloded her frayght and through a negligent fyring met with an vnproper ending In this towne also dwelleth one Grisling deafe from a long time who besides his merry conceites of counterseyting by signes like the Romane Pantamimi any kinde of occupation or exercise hath a strange quality to vnderstand what you say by marking the mouing of your lips especially if you speake deliberately of any ordinary matter so as contrary to the rules of nature and yet without the helpe of arte he can see words as they passe forth of your mouth and of this I haue caused him to giue often experiments And if Plyny now liued I suppose he would affoord a roome in his natural History to a dogge of this town who as I haue learned by the faithfull report of master Thomas Parkins vsed daily to fetch meate at his house there and to carry the same vnto a blinde mastiffe that lay in a brake without the towne yea that more is hee would vpon Sundayes conduct him thither to dynner and the meale ended guide him back to his couch and couert againe I had almost forgotten to tell you that there is a well in this towne whose water will neuer boyle peason to a seasonable softnes At the foot of Saltash there abbutteth vpon the sea a rock called Ashtorre alias Esses Torre which is inuested with the iurisdiction of a mannour and claymeth the sultes of many Gentlemen as his freeholders in Knights seruice Belowe this there is a rock on eche side of the riuer the one termed the Bull the other the Hen that on Deuon this on Cornwall side The Hen standeth a little distant from the shore which giueth occasion to a Packe how between it and the land the Queenes greatest ship may saile but it is meant of the farther distant Aboue Saltash Cargreen a fisher towne sheweth it selfe but can hardly muster a meane plight of dwellings or dwellers so may their care be greene because their wealth is withered Neere thereunto is Clifton a neat seated house appertayning to one of the Arundels descended by a yonger brother from those of Trerice he maried Hill his father Cole Neither hath your eye searcely quitted that when it receiueth Halton the pleasant and commodious dwelling of M. Anthony Rouse both which benefits he employeth to a kind vninterrupted entertainment of such as visit him vpō his not spare inuiting or their owne occasions who without the selfe guilt of an vngratefull wrong must witnes that his frankenesse confirmeth their welcome by whatsoeuer meanes prouision the fewell of hospitality can in the best maner supply His auncestours were Lords of little Modbury in Deuon before the descent of times grew to a distinguishment by the date of writings which mannour together with other lands through a lineall succession fell to be possessed by Raphe Wil. Raphe Iohn Wil. Raphe and Raphe whose daughter and heire Elizabeth bestowed the same with
of K. Alfred namely how comming into Cornwall on hunting he turned aside for doing his deuotion into a Church where S. Guorijr and S. Neot made their abode quare whether he meane not their burials or rather so resolue because Asser so deliuers it and there found his orisons seconded with a happy effect Next I will relate you another of the Cornish natural wonders viz. S. Kaynes well but lest you make a wonder first at the Saint before you take notice of the well you must vnderstand that this was not Kayne the manqueller but one of a gentler spirit and milder sex to wit a woman He who caused the spring to be pictured added this rime for an exposition In name in shape in quality This well is very quaint The name to let of Kayne befell No ouer-holy Saint The shape 4. trees of diuers kinde Witby Oke Elme and Ash Make with their roots an arched roofe Whose floore this spring doth wash The quality that man or wife Whose chance or choice attaines First of this sacred streame to drinke Ther thy the mastry gaines In this Hundred the rubble of certaine mines and ruines of a fining house conuince Burchard Craneigh the Duchmans vaine endeuour in seeking of siluer owter howbeit hee afterwards lighted on a thriftier vayne of practising phisike át London where he grewe famous by the name of Doctor Bureot Killigarth being interpreted in English signifieth He hath lost his griping or reaching and by his present fortune in some sort iustifieth that name for the same hath lately forgone Sir William Beuill whome it embraced as owner Inhabitant by his sudden death and is passed into the possession of the faire Lady his widdow by her husbands conueyance It yeeldeth a large viewe of the South coast and was it selfe in Sir Williams life time much visited through his franke inuitingâ— The mention of this Knight calleth to my remembrance a sometimes vncouth seruaunt of his whose monstrous conditions partly resembled that Polyphemus described by Homâ—â— and Virgil and liuely imitated by Ariosto in his Orco or rather that Egyptian Polyphagus in whome by Suetonius report the Emperour Nero tooke such pleasure This fellow was taken vp by Sir William vnder a hedge in the deepest of Winter welneere starued with cold and hunger hee was of staturemeane of constitution leane of face freckled of composition well proportioned of diet naturally spare and cleanely inough yet at his masters bidding he would deuoure nettles thistles the pith of Artichokes raw and liuing birds and fishes with their scales and feathers burning coles and candles and whatsoeuer else howsoeuer vnsauorie if it might be swallowed neither this a little but in such quantitie as it often bred a second wonder how his belly should containe so much yet could no man at any time discouer him doing of that which necessitie of nature requireth Moreouer he would take a hot yron out of the fire with his bare hand neuer changed his apparell but by constraint and vsed to lie in strawe with his head downe and his heeled vpwards Spare he was of speech and in stead of halfe his words vsed this terme Size as I will Size him for strike him hee is a good Size for man c. Ouer-sleeping or some other accident made him to lose a day in his accompt of the weeke so as he would not beleeue but that Sunday was Saterday Saterday Friday c. To Sir William he bare such faithfulnesse that hee would follow his horse like a spanyell without regard of way or wearinesse waite at his chamber doore the night time suffering none to come neere him and performe whatsoeuer hee commanded were it neuer so vndawfull or dangerous On a time his master expecting strangers sent him with a panier to his 〈◊〉 at the sea side to fetch some fish In his way he passed by a riuer whereinto the tide then flowed and certaine fishermen were drawing their nets which after Iohn Size had a while beheld hee casts to haue a share amongst them for his master So into the water he leaps and there for the space of a flight shoot wadeth and walloweth for swimme hee could not sometimes vp and sometimes downe carrying his panier still before him to his owne extreame hazard of drowning and the beholders great pittying vntill at last all wet and wearied out he scrambleth and home he hieth with a bitter complaint to his master of his ill fortune that he could not catch some fish aswell as the rest where so much was going In this sort he continued for 〈◊〉 yeeres vntill vpon I wot not what veâ—â—â—â— or vnkindnesse away he gets and abroad he rogues which remitter brought him in the end to his foredeferred and not auoyded destiny for as vnder a hedge hee was formd pyning so vnder a hedge hee found his miserable death through penury Sir Williams father maried the daughter of Militon his graundfather the daughter and heire of Bear whose liuelyhood repayred what the elder brothers daughters had impaired The Beuils Armesart A a Bull passant G. armed and tripped O. In the same parish where Killigarth is seated Master Murth inheriteth a house and demaynes Hee maried Treffry his father Tregose One of their auncestours within the memorie of a next neighbour to the house called Prake burdened with 110. yeeres age entertained a British miller as that people for such idle occupations proue more handie then our owne But this fellowes seruice befell commodious in the worst sense For when not long after his acceptance warres growe betweene vs France hestealeth ouer into his countrey returneth priuily backe againe with a French crew surprizeth suddenly his master and his ghosts at a Chrisemas supper carrieth them speedily vnto Lahueghey and for coth the Gent. to redeeme his enlargement with the sale of a great part of his reuenewes A little to the Westwards from Killigarth the poore harbour and village of Polpera coucheth betweene 2. steepe hils where plenty of fish is vented to the fish driuers whom we call Iowters The warmth of this Hundred siding the South hath entierd many Gent. here to make choyce of their dwellings as M. Buller now Sherife at Tregarrick sometimes the Widestades inheritance vntill the fathers rebellion for feited it to the Prince and the Princes largesse rewarded therewith his subiects Wides lades some led a walking life with his harpe to Gentlemens houses wherethrough and by his other actiue qualities hee was intitled Sir Tristram neither wanted he as some say a bele I sound the more aprly to resemble his patterne Master Buller married the daughter of one Williams a Counsellour at lawe in Deuon his father a younger branch of the ancient stocke planted in Somerset shire tooke to wise the widdowe of Courtney and daughter and heire to Trethurffe by whose dower and his owne indeuour he purchased and left to his sonne faire possessions but not vnencumbred with titles which draue
wherewith our Realme was then distressed furnished a nauy within the riuer of Sayne and with the same in the night burned a part of Foy and other houses confyning but vpon approch of the countryes forces raised the next day by the Sherife he made speed away to his ships and with his ships to his home In a high way neere this towne there lieth a big and long moore stone containing the remainder of certaine ingraued letters purporting some memorable antiquity as it should seeme but past ability of reading Not many yeres sithence a Gentleman dwelling not farre off was perswaded by some information or imagination that treasure lay hidden vnder this stone wherefore in a faire Moone-shine night thither with certaine good fellowes hee hyeth to dig it vp a working they fall their labour shortneth their hope increaseth a pot of Gold is the least of their expectation But see the chance In midst of their toyling the skie gathereth clouds the Moone-light is ouer-cast with darkenesse downe fals a mightie showre vp riseth a blustering tempest the thunder cracketh the lightning flasheth in conclusion our money-seekers washed in stead of loden or loden with water in steade of yellow earth and more afraid then hurt are forced to abandon their enterprise and seeke shelter of the next house they could get into Whether this proceeded from a naturall accident or a working of the diuell I will not vndertake to define It may bee God giueth him such power ouer those who begin a matter vpon couetousnesse to gaine by extraordinarie meanes and prosecute it with a wrong in entring and breaking another mans land with out his leaue and direct the end thereof to the princes defrauding whose prerogatiue challengeth these casualties A little beyond Foy the land openeth a large sandie Bay for the Sea to ouer-flow which and the village adioyning are therethrough aptly termed Trewardreth in English The Sandie towne Elder times of more deuotion then knowledge here founded a religious house which in King Henrie the eights raigne vnderwent the common downefall I haue receiued credible information that some three yeeres sithence certaine hedgers deuiding a closse on the sea side hereabouts chanced in their digging vpon a great chest of stone artificially ioyned whose couer they ouer-greedy for booty rudely brake and therewithall a great earthen pot enclosed which was guilded and graued with letters defaced by this misaduenture and ful of a black earth the ashes doubtles as that the vrna of some famous personage Vpon a side of this bay one M. Peter Beuill first began the experiment of making a salt-saltwater pond induced thereunto by obseruing that the high Summer tydes brought with them young Basses and Millets whom at their ebbing they left behinde in little pits of the euen ground where they would liue for many weekes without any reuisitation of the sea who as he bettered this naturall patterne so did I his artificiall but yet with a thankefull acknowledgement by whome I haue profited Lostwithiel should seeme to fetch his originall from the Cornish Loswithiall which in English soundeth a Lions tayle for as the Earle of this prouince gaue the Lyon in armes and the Lions principall strength men say consisteth in his tayle so this towne claymeth the precedence as his Lords chiefest residence the place which he entrusted with his Exchequer and where his wayghtier affaires were managed Maioralty markets faires and nomination of Burgesses for the Parliament it hath common with the most Coynage of Tynne onely with three others but the gayle for the whole Stannary and keeping of the County Courts it selfe alone Yet all this can hardly rayse it to a tolerable condition of wealth and inhabitance Wherefore I will detayne you no longer then vntill I haue shewed you a solemne custome in times past here yeerely obserued and onely of late daies discontinued which was thus Vpon little Easter Sunday the Freeholders of the towne and mannour by themselues or their deputies did there assemble amongst whom one as it fell to his lot by turne brauely apparelled gallantly mounted with a Crowne on his head a scepter in his hand a sword borne before him and dutifully attended by all the rest also on horseback rode thorow the principall streete to the Church there the Curate in his best beseene solemnely receiued him at the Churchyard stile and conducted him to heare diuine seruice after which he repaired with the same pompe to a house foreprouided for that purpose made a feast to his attendants kept the tables end himselfe and was serued with kneeling assay all other rites due to the estate of a Prince with which dinner the ceremony ended and euery man returned home again The pedigree of this vsage is deriued from so many descents of ages that the cause and authour outreach remembrance howbeit these circumstances offer a coniecture that it should betoken the royalties appertaining to the honour of Cornwall M. Wil. Kendals hospitality while he liued and here kept house deserueth a speciall remembrance because for store of resort and franknes of entertainment it exceeded all others of his sort This towne anno 11. H. 7. was by act of Parliament assigned to keepe the publike waights and measures ordayned for the Countie Lostwithiel subiecteth it selfe to the commaund of Restormel Castle alias Lestormel sometimes the Dukes principal house It is seated in a park vpō the plaine neck of a hill backed to the Westwards with another somewhat higher falling euery other way to end in a valley watered by the fishfull riuer of Foy. His base court is rather to be coniectured then discerned by the remnant of some fewe ruines amongst which an ouen of 14. foot largenes through his exceeding proportion prooueth the like hospitality of those dayes The inner court grounded vpon an intrenched rocke was formed round had his vtter wall thick strong and garretted his flat roofe couered with lead and his large windowes taking their light inwards It consisted of two stories besides the vaults and admitted entrance and issue by one onely gate fenced with a Portcouliz Water was conueyed thither by a conduit from the higher ground adioyning Certes it may moue compassion that a Palace so healthfull for aire so delightfull for prospect so necessary for commodities so fayre in regard of those dayes for building and so strong for defence should in time of secure peace and vnder the protection of his naturall Princes be wronged with those spoylings then which it could endure no greater at the hands of any forrayne and deadly enemy for the Parke is disparked the timber rooted vp the conduit pipes taken away the roofe made sale of the planchings rotten the wals fallen downe and the hewed stones of the windowes dournes clauels pluct out to serue priuate buildings onely there remayneth an vtter defacement to complayne vpon this vnregarded distresse It now appertayneth by lease to Master Samuel who maried Halse his father a
wise and pleasant conceited Gent. matched with Tremayue After wee haue quitted Restormel Roche becomes our next place of soiourne though hardly inuiting with promise of any better entertainement then the name carieth written in his forehead to wit a huge high and steepe rock seated in a playne girded on either side with as it were two substitutes and meritorious no doubt for the Hermite who dwelt on the top thereof were it but in regard of such an vneasie climing to his cell and Chappell a part of whose naturall wals is wrought out of the rock it selfe Neere the foote of Roche there lyeth a rock Ieuell with the ground aboue and hollow downwards with a winding depth which contayneth water reported by some of the neighbours to ebbe flowe as the sea Of these as another Cornish wonder You neighbour-scorners holy-prowd Goe people Roche's cell Farre from the world neere to the heau'ns There Hermits may you dwell Is 't true that Spring in rock hereby Doth tide-wise ebbe and flow Or haue wee foolas with lyers met Fame saies it be it so From hence ascending easily the space of a mile you shall haue wonne the top of the Cornish Archbeacon Hainborough which as little to great may for prospect compare with Rama in Palestina Henius in Medica Collà lto in Italy and Sceafel in the I le of Man for if the weathers darkenesse bounde not your eye-sight within his ordynarie extent you shall thence plainely discerne to the Eastwards a great part of Deuon to the West very neere the lands end to the North and South the Ocean and sundrie Ilands scattered therein wherethrough it passeth also for a wonder Haynboroughs wide prospect at once Both feedes and gluts your eye With Cornwals whole extent as it In length and breadth doth lie At Ladocke in this Hundred dwelleth master Peter Courtney who doubly fetcheth his pedigree from that honourable stocke and embraceth the contentment of a quiet priuate life before the publike charge in his Countrie due to his calling and to which long sithence he hath bene called His father married as I haue shewed the daughter coheire of Trethurffe himselfe Reskimers his sonne the daughter of Saintabyn he beareth O. three Torteaux and a File with as many Lambeaux B. Leo After in the delightfull and approued description of his Countrie telleth vs of a blind guide who would readily and safely conduct straunger trauailers ouer the huge Deserts with which that region aboundeth and that the meanes he vsed was in certaine distances to smell at the sand which gaue him perfect notice of the places Likewise Lewes Guicciardin in his booke of Netherland maketh report of one Martyn Catelyn borne at Weruicke in Flaunders who falling blind before he attained two yeeres age grew notwithstanding by his owne industrie without any teacher to such a perfection in Timber handy-craft as he could not only turne and make Virginals Organes Vyolons and such like Instruments with great facilitie order and proportion but also tune and handsomely play vpon them and besides deuised many seruiceable tooles for his science These examples I thrust out before me to make way for a not much lesse straunge relation touching one Edward Bone sometimes seruant to the said master Courtney which fellow as by the assertion of diuers credible persons I haue beene informed deafe from his cradle and consequently dumbe would yet bee one of the first to learne and expresse to his master any newes that was sturring in the Countrie especially if there went speech of a Sermon within some myles distance hee would repaire to the place with the foonest and setting himselfe directly against the Preacher looke him stedfastly in the face while his Sermon lasted to which religious zeale his honest life was also answerable For as hee shunned all lewd parts himselfe so if hee espied any in his fellow seruants which hee could and would quickely doe his master should straightwayes know it and not rest free from importuning vntill either the fellow had put away his fault or their master his fellow And to make his minde knowne in this and all other matters hee vsed verie effectuall signes being able therethrough to receiue and performe any enioyned errand Besides hee was assisted with so firme a memorie that hee would not onely know any partie whome hee had once seene for euer after but also make him knowne to any other by some speciall obseruation and difference Vpon a brother of his God laide the like infirmitie but did not recompence it with the like raritie Somewhat neere the place of his birth there dwelt another so affected or rather defected whose name was Kempe which two when they chaunced to meete would vse such kinde imbracements such strange often and earnest rokenings and such heartie laughters and other passionate gestures that their want of a tongue seemed rather an hinderance to others conceiuing them then to their conceiuing one another Gwarnack in this Hundred was the Beuils ancient seate whose two daughters and heires married Arundel of Trerice and Greinnile Wolueden alias Golden fell vnto Tregian by match with the Inheritrix thereof Tregean signifieth the Giants towne their sonne married in Lanherne house their Graund-child with the L. Stourtons daughter hee beareth Erm. on a chiefe S. three Marilers O. It standethin Probus Parish whose high and faire Church towre of hewed Moore stone was builded within compasse of our remembrance by the well disposed Inhabitants and here also dwelleth one Williams a wealthie and charitable Farmer Graund-father to fixtie persons how liuing and able lately to ride twelue myles in a morning for being witnesse to the christening of a child to whome hee was great great Graund-father From hence drawing towards the Southsea wee will touch at the late Parke of Lanhadron because there groweth an Oke bearing his leaues speckled with white as doth another called Painters Oke in the Hundred of East but whether the former partake any supernaturall propertie to foretoken the owners-soone insuing death when his leaues are al of one colour as I haue heard some report let those affirme who better know it certaine it is that diuers auncient families in England are admonished by such predictions Grampond if it tooke that name from any great Bridge hath now Nomen sine re for the Bridge there is supported with onely a few arches and the Corporation but halfe replenished with Inhabitants who may better vaunt of their townes antiquitie then the towne of their abilitie Of Pentuan I haue spoken before For the present it harboureth master Dart who as diuers other Gentlemen well descended and accommodated in Deuon doe yet rather make choyce of a pleasing and retired equalitie in the little Cornish Angle Hee matched with Roscarrocke Penwarne in the same Parish of Meuagesy Alias S. Meuie and Isy two nothing ambitious Saints in resting satisfied with the partage of so pettie a limit is
Garrison vpon the Hawe at Plymmouth and at her great charges with some litte helpe of the Countrie added an increase of fortification and souldiers to Pendenis Howbeit his greatest strength consisteth in Sir Nicholas Parker the Gouernour who demeaning himselfe no lesse kindly and frankly towards his neighbours for the present then hee did resolutely and valiantly against the enemie when he followed the warres therethrough commaundeth not onely their bodies by his authoritie but also their hearts by his loue to liue and die in his assistance for their common preseruation and her Highnesse seruice hee beareth B. Frettie and A. a Fesse O. After the declining hill hath deliuered you downe from this Castle Arwenacke entertaineth you with a pleasing view for the same standeth so farre within the Hauens mouth that it is protected from the sea stormes and yet so neere thereunto as it yeeldeth a ready passage out Besides the Cliffe on which the house abbutteth is steepe enough to shoulder off the waues and the ground about it plaine and large enough for vse and recreation It is owed by Master Iohn Killigrew who married the daughter of Monck and heire to her mother and was sonne to Sir Iohn Killigrew who matched with Woluerstone the stocke is ancient and diuers of the branches as I haue elsewhere remembred growne to great aduancement in calling and liuely-hood by their greater desert their Armes are A. an Eagle with two heads displayed within a bordure Bezanty S. Somewhat aboue Arwenacke Trefuses point diuideth the harbour and yeeldeth a seuerall Ankering place on eche side there of the one called Carrack rode the other kings rode This Promontory is possessed and inhabited by a Gentleman of that name who suitably to his name giueth three Fusils for his coat in this sort A. a Cheuron betweene three Fusils S. He maried the coheire of Gaurigan and M. Wil. Godolphin late yonger brother to Sir Frauncis her other sister Vpon the left hand from hence at the top of a creek Perin towne hath taken vp his seat rather passable then noteable for wealth buildings and Inhabitants in all which though neerer the hauens thouth it giueth Truro the preeminence the like whereof I obserue touching diuers other townes of the same situation in Deuon as Salcomb and kings bridge Dartmouth and Totnes Topsâ—â—…ain and Excester amongst which those that stand highest vp in the Countrey affoord therethrough a fitter oportunity of accesse from all quarters and so a speedyer and larger vent of their commodities In Perin was Glasney Colledge founded by Walter Brounscomb benefited by Iohn Graundson Bishops of Excester which See possesseth faire reuennues thereabouts Vpon another crecke on the same side Carclew hath after the Cornish maner welneere metamorphosed the name of Master Bonithon his owner into his owne He maried the daughter of Vinian his father of Killigrew his graundfather of Erisy and beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. Floures deluce S. With any memorable act or accident concerning this hauen I cannot acquaint you before my perting therefrom saue onely that Philip Arch-duke of Austriche during his voyage from Netherland towards Spayne his wiues kingdome was weather-driuen into Weymouth and with a kinde constraint receyued a more royall then welcome entertainment at the hands of King Henrie the 7. from which hee could not free himselfe but by redeeming his libertie with De la Pooles captiuity This accomplished he made ehoyce to take ship againe at Falmouth that so by the shortest eut hee might leaue least power in fortune to thwart him any second incumbrance Hailford so called of the fordable riuer Haill if elsewhere placed would carry the reputation of a good harbour but as it now standeth Falmouths ouer-neere neighbourhood lesseneth his vse and darkeneth his reputation as quitting it onely to the worst sort of Sea-farers I meane Pirats whose guilty brests with an eye in their backs looke warily how they may goe out ere they will aduenture to enter and this at vnfortifyed Hailford cannot be controlled in which regard it not vnproperly brooketh his more common terme of Helford and the nick-name of Stealfoord His shores affoord commodious seates to the dwellings of Reskimer who maried S. Abin and beareth B. 3. barres A. in chiefe a Wolfe passant of the first and Tregose who matched with Kendal his sonne with Erisy and beareth B. two barres Gemewes in chiefe a Lyon passant O. armed and langued G. And if your eares be not already cloyed with relation of wonders I will let you vnderstand how I was once carried to see one hereabouts It is forsooth a great rock lying vpon the ground his top deepned to a hollownesse not much vnlike in fashion but far exceeding in proportion the long halfe of an egge This they say holdeth water which ebbeth and floweth as the sea and indeed when I came thither the tide was halfe out and the pit halfe empty By it there stands a Chappell to it there belonged a couer so as the same seemed in former times to cary some regard But I haue heard credible persons so discredit this woonder that I dare not offer it you as probable much lesse thrust it vpon you as approoued The name thereof is Hanterdauis which turning d to t signifieth halfe a tongue More certaine though lesse wonderfull and yet for the strangenesse wel worth the viewing is Mainamber Mayne is a rocke amber as some say signifyeth Ambrose And a great rocke the same is aduaunced vpon some others of a meaner size with so equall a counterpeyze that the push of a finger will sensibly moue it too and fro but farther to remooue it the vnited forces of many shoulders are ouer-weake Wherefore the Cornish wonder-gatherer thus deservbeth the same BE thou thy mother natures worke Or proofe of Giants might Worthlesse and ragged though thou shew Yet art thou worth the sight This hugy rock one fingers force Apparently will moue But to remooue it many strengths Shall all like feeble prooue Helston in Cornish Hellaz in English the greene hall is a well seated and peopled towne priuiledged secundum vsum with the rest and one of the 4. Coynage places Vnder it runneth the riuer Lo whose passage into the sea is thwarted by a sandy banke which forceth the same to quurt back a great way and so to make a poole of some miles in compasse It breedeth a peculiar kind of bastard Trought in bignesse and goodnes exceeding such as liue in the fresh water but comming short of those that frequent the salt The foreremembred bank serueth as a bridge to deliuer wayfarers with a compendious passage to the other side howbeit sometimes with more haste then good speed for now and then it is so pressed on the inside with the increasing riuers waight and a portion of the vtter sand so washed downe by the waues that at a sudden out breaketh the vpper part of the poole and away goeth a
meant Merlyn Ara Lesâ—â—y Pawle Pensanz ha Newlyn Not farre from the lands ende there is a little village called Trebegean in English The towne of the Giants graue neere whereunto and within memory as I haue beene informed certayne workemen searching for Tynne discouered a long square vault which contayned the bones of an excessiue bigge carkas and verified this Etimology of the name At Saint Buriens a parish of great circuit and like benefit to the Incumbent King Athelstane accomplished his vowe in founding a Colledge of Priests what time he had conquered the Sillane Ilands Chiwarton signifyeth a house on the greene lay and a Castle on a greene hill is giuen by the Gent. of that name who in a quiet single life maketh no farther vse of his knowledge gotten in the lawes during his younger age or that experience wherewith a long course of yeeres hath sithence enriched him then may tend sine lucro to the aduauncement of publike iustice or sine strepitu to the aduisement of his priuate acquaintance Hee beareth A. a Castle S. Standing on a hill V. Sundry other Gentlemen people that remote quarter as Lauelis c. touching whom I must plead non sum informatus Diogenes after he had tired his Scholers with a long Lecture finding at last the voyde paper Bee glad my friends quoth hee wee are come to harbour With the like comfort in an vnlike resemblance I will refresh you who haue vouchsafed to trauaile in the rugged and wearysome path of mine ill-pleasing stile that now your iourny endeth with the land to whose Promontory by Pomp. Mela called Bolerium by Diodorus Velerium by Volaterane Helenium by the Cornish Pedn an laaz and by the English The lands end because we are arriued I will heere sit mee downe and rest Deo gloria mihi gratia 1602. April 23. Corrections FOlio 9. a. lin 13. read Lanine Fol. 10. lin 28. read Sic. Fol. 15. a. l. 5. ere Fol. 16. a. l. 27. certainly Fol. 17. b. l. 28 Gentleman ibid. l. 30. appeale fol. 18. b. l. 12. expected fol. 19. a. l. 10. canding fol. 20. b. l. 28. may fol. 21. a. l. 17. an fol. 23. a. l. 17. Kerier fol. 25. a. l. 16. dieting ibid. b. l. 1. affect fol. 32. a. l. 8. Dories fol. 33. a. l. 4. celler ibid. b. l. 11. foreclosing fol. 53. b. l. 22. of which fol. 55. a. l. 6. Bonithon and l. 20. Carminow ibid. b. l. 2. Tedna ibid. l. 22. guiddn fol. 56. a. l. 8. Pedn fol. 61. b. l. 28. Trerice fol. 66. b. l. 11. leaue out of straw fol. 67. b. l. 15. siluer fol. 68. a. l. 17. breeder ibid. l. 26. vnpleasing fol. 75. a. l. 32. from him ibid. b. l. 22. Peluianders fol. 76. a. l. 19. fore-hip ibid. b. l. 2. Circumforanei fol. 77. a. l. 2. appannage fol. 80. a. l. 29. Newelm fol. 82. b. l. 1. entrusted ibid. l. 16. entrusted fol. 84. b. l. 22. ventings fol. 87. a. l. 25. interpreted fol. 88. a. l. 18. Hender fol. 98. a. l. 7. interlaced fol. 100. b. l. 22. third and l. 23. as fol. 106. b. l. 4. net becomes fol. 110. a. l. 24. Saultier ibid. b. l. 21. Lineth fol. 111. a. l. 7. eie fol. 112. a. l. 28. faire fol. 116. b. l. 19. Trerice fol. 117. b. l. 10. pearced and l. 11. segreant and l. 30. strata fol. 118. a. l. 14. Treuenner fol. 122. b. l. 18. Cambala fol. 127. b. l. 3. tripped The Table of the first Booke THe Suruey of Cornwal coÌ„taineth a description generall in the first booke reporting her Accidents Elements Inhabitants THe Suruey of Cornwal coÌ„taineth a description Special in the 2. book containing matters Topographical Historicall Accidents wherein are deliuered the name shape Fol. 1. Climat 2. The quantitie length and breadth ibid. Borders ibid. Commodities of the situation 3. Discommodities 4. Temperature 5. Elements Earth aboue forme qualitie 5. Things of life growing and feeling Earth vnder Mynerals 6. Precious Diamonds Pearle and Agats 7. Water fresh springs riuers ponds 26. Therein the fish 28. The taking 30. Sea things liuelesse liuing fish foule Things of life growing Mats 18. Hearbs 19. Corne dressing ibid. kindes 20. Trees for fruit ibid. Fewel timber 21. Things of life feeling Wormes 21. Beastes Venery 22. meat 23. vse 24. Birds ibid. Minerals Stones for walling windowes couering pauing lyme 6. Mettals Tynne 7. Copper 6. Siluer and Gold 7. Tynne-works Kindes finding 8. Colour bignesse 10. Working expressing the persons Aduenturers ibid. Captaine ibid. Labourers ibid. Maner tooles ibid. Loose earth rockes 11. Conueyance by water engines Addits ibid. Tynne-dressing Breaking stamping drying crazing washing ibid. Blowing 12. Iurisdiction Charter 16. Officers supreme L. Warden Vice-warden 17. Ioterior Stewards Gaylour 18. Iuries great petty ibid. Witnesses ibid. Orders Sharing 12. Places Wastrel Seuerall 13. Bounds doales measure ibid. Coynage in time 13. Post 14. and their places ibid. times ibid. Officers ibid. Price by free sale Preemption 17. Vsury in Tynne black white 15. Sea things liuelesse Briny Salt-mils Ilands hauens 26. Sand Orewoods Shels and Nuts Shipping 27. Sea things liuing Fish partaker of the fresh 28. Therein the fashion shelly flat round 30. Within hauen 29. Their taking generall and particular 30. Vpon the coast 31. Sauing and venting 33. Foule eatable not eatable 35. Inhabitants estate reall Priuate grounds houses 36. Entercourse bridges high wayes 53. Traffike markets fayres ibid. Wayghts and measures 54. Inhabitants estate personall Names 54. Language 55. Number 57. Disposition ancient ibid. Disposition later of mindes holinesse 58. Sciences Diuines ibid. Ciuilians 59. Phisicians 60. Statemen Martiall Free schooles 61. Mechanicall 62. Disposition later of bodies strength ibid. Actiuity health 63. Degrees Nobility and Gentlemen ibid. Townsmen 65. Husbandmen 66. Poore 67. Recreations Feasts Saints 69. Haruest Church-ale 68. Pastimes of the minde songs 72. Guaries 71. Pastimes of the body shooting 72. Hurling to goales 73. Hurling to countrey 74. Wrastling 75. Games 76. Gouernment as an entire State Gouernours ibid. Royalties 79. Gouernment as a part of the Realme Spiritual Arch-bishop Bishop Arch-deacon 82. Peculiars 81. Gouernment as a part of the Realme Temporall Martiall Commaunders 83. Martiall Forces ibid. Orders Forts 84. Beacons Poasts 85. Ciuill Magistrates Iudges 89. Iustices 88. Vice-admirall Coroners Clarke of the market 87. Corporations 86. Parliaments 90. Ciuill Ministers Constables Baylifs 85. Gaylour 90. Limits Hundreds Franchises parishes 86. Proportions places to meete rates ibid. The end of the first Table The Table of the second Booke COrnwall in generall 96. East Hundred 98 Topographicall Plymmouth hauen 98. Rame head ibid. Causam bay ibid. S. Nicholas Iland 99. The bridge ibid. Mount-Edgecumb ibid. West Stonehouse 100. Hamose ibid. Milbrook 101. Insworke ibid. Antony 102. Lyner riuer ibid. Saltwater pond 104. Banqueting house 107. Beggers Iland ibid. Sheuiock 108. Chrasthole ibid. S. Germanes ibid. Cuddenbeake 109. Seaton 110. Wotton ibid. Trematon Castle 111. Saltash 112. Ash torre