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these_o book_n have_v manifest_v your_o zeal_n and_o affection_n for_o this_o common_a good_a yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o have_v more_o high_o commend_v and_o advance_v the_o work_n itself_o in_o that_o your_o honourable_a approbation_n have_v credit_v and_o auctorize_v it_o for_o if_o the_o geometritian_n triumph_n of_o that_o oracle_n which_o apollo_n give_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o delos_n ask_v counsel_n at_o his_o mouth_n for_o remedy_n of_o their_o plague_n that_o they_o shall_v double_v his_o cubick_a altar_n which_o plato_n construe_v that_o they_o must_v study_v geometry_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v all_o such_o as_o travaill_n by_o sea_n and_o especial_o our_o english_a mariner_n rejoice_v and_o resolve_v themselves_o of_o the_o worthiness_n of_o this_o work_v and_o hereby_o not_o doubt_n have_v no_o less_o cause_n du_o and_o daily_a to_o pray_v for_o you_o by_o sea_n than_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o her_o majesty_n good_a subject_n for_o your_o bounty_n piety_n and_o justice_n upright_o minister_v do_v zealous_o by_o land_n as_o for_o the_o unskilfulnesse_n in_o handle_v hereof_o i_o have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o cover_v it_o but_o as_o the_o poet_n accius_n do_v his_o shortness_n who_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o very_a low_a stature_n portray_v for_o himself_o a_o very_a tall_a picture_n so_o i_o be_v but_o of_o small_a desert_n have_v get_v i_o a_o most_o honourable_a &_o worthy_a patron_n follow_v herein_o teucer_n who_o think_v himself_o salf_a under_o the_o shield_n of_o aiax_n protest_v that_o as_o by_o the_o daily_a most_o comfortable_a testimony_n of_o your_o especial_a favour_n and_o goodness_n towards_o i_o i_o be_o above_o all_o man_n live_v most_o bind_v to_o you_o so_o do_v i_o acknowledge_v i_o your_o only_o own_a and_o do_v utter_o disclaim_v of_o any_o manner_n interest_n in_o myself_o which_o with_o this_o and_o ought_v else_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o little_a power_n whatsoever_o i_o humble_o offer_v up_o unto_o your_o l._n as_o a_o pledge_n of_o my_o most_o dewtifull_a and_o faithful_a affection_n to_o you_o &_o you_o and_o thus_o all_o together_o unable_a to_o satisfy_v myself_o in_o sufficient_o express_v my_o thankful_a mind_n and_o loyal_a hart_n with_o my_o fervent_a prayer_n i_o commit_v the_o rest_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o giver_n of_o all_o goodness_n who_o i_o most_o humble_o beseech_v bountiful_o to_o reward_v your_o l._n with_o increase_v of_o honour_n and_o all_o happiness_n in_o this_o world_n and_o after_o a_o long_a race_n heroical_o run_v a_o crown_n of_o everlasting_a honour_n from_o the_o court_n at_o s._n james._n 20._o octob_n 1588._o your_o l._n most_o bind_a and_o devote_v a_o ashley_n the_o author_n admonition_n to_o the_o reader_n friendly_a reader_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o skilful_a and_o experience_a in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n do_v well_o know_v that_o certain_a of_o the_o sandy_a coast_n and_o shore_n as_o also_o diverse_a mouth_n &_o entry_n of_o river_n aswell_o of_o holland_n and_o frizeland_n as_o of_o yutland_n which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v cimbrica_n chersonesus_n and_o of_o other_o country_n be_v movable_a &_o have_v not_o always_o their_o be_v in_o one self_o place_n as_o in_o these_o table_n or_o chartes_n right_o fit_o &_o faithful_o they_o be_v set_v down_o i_o can_v do_v no_o less_o than_o admonish_v the_o thereof_o that_o thou_o may_v diligent_o observe_v and_o mark_v they_o by_o these_o map_n as_o thing_n most_o necessary_a to_o be_v regard_v for_o it_o be_v perfect_o know_v to_o all_o pilot_n and_o master_n that_o by_o force_n of_o tempest_n and_o violence_n of_o boisterous_a wind_n huge_a heap_n of_o sand_n be_v so_o disperse_v that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v make_v even_o with_o the_o plain_a seashore_n which_o keteldune_n of_o north_n holland_n the_o isle_n busk_n or_o corensand_n lie_v betwixt_o lawyer_n and_o scylla_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o east_n frizland_n and_o the_o better_a part_n of_o ameland_n in_o this_o our_o age_n do_v most_o evident_o &_o certain_o bewray_v for_o these_o sandhil_n be_v in_o such_o sort_n blow_v abroad_o and_o scatter_a that_o at_o this_o day_n they_o can_v scarce_o be_v perceave_v nay_o they_o do_v scant_o differ_v in_o show_n from_o the_o plain_a low_a shore_n especial_o busk_n or_o the_o isle_n of_o corensand_n which_o have_v be_v so_o notable_o metamorphose_v that_o in_o a_o rage_a and_o wrought_a sea_n it_o be_v quite_o overflowen_v at_o a_o high_a water_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o master_n and_o pilot_n do_v understand_v that_o by_o force_n and_o violence_n of_o outrageous_a storm_n which_o cause_v most_o mighty_a and_o overthwart_a billow_n diverse_a sandy_a entraunce_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n alongst_o the_o foresay_a coast_n be_v sometime_o choke_v with_o sand_n and_o sometime_o do_v shift_v their_o seat_n wherefore_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o place_n be_v express_o forbid_v to_o be_v enter_v without_o sound_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v water_n of_o pilotage_n i_o have_v observe_v and_o mark_v these_o strange_a change_n of_o late_a year_n both_o in_o the_o maze_n and_o elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o do_v find_v this_o most_o true_a that_o for_o the_o former_a cause_n many_o haven_n be_v decay_v and_o many_o be_v alter_v as_o the_o old_a ripe-deep_a in_o yutland_n do_v sufficient_o manifest_v the_o same_o which_o have_v have_v his_o channel_n heretofore_o between_o rim_z and_o manu_fw-la have_v it_o now_o wellnear_o two_o league_n more_o northward_o between_o manu_fw-la &_o fanu_fw-la but_o these_o only_o may_v suffice_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o although_o all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a alteration_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v find_v be_v with_o great_a care_n faithful_o correct_v and_o reform_v by_o i_o in_o the_o pourtraict_v and_o description_n of_o these_o sea-carde_n yet_o can_v i_o not_o omit_v this_o my_o well_o meaning_n and_o sincere_a admonition_n for_o two_o cause_n first_o that_o by_o these_o example_n thou_o may_v understand_v that_o upon_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o like_a change_n may_v happen_v next_o that_o the_o unskilful_a and_o especial_o the_o envious_a backbiter_n and_o carper_n may_v have_v no_o matter_n to_o cavil_n nor_o occasion_n to_o carp_v see_v that_o thing_n to_o come_v and_o uncerteine_a can_v by_o no_o mean_n possible_a be_v perfect_o describe_v and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v but_o too_o apparent_a how_o much_o evell_a speech_n hatred_n and_o envy_n prevail_v in_o this_o our_o wretched_a age_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o rehearse_v brief_o in_o this_o place_n the_o beginning_n and_o progress_n of_o this_o my_o labour_n first_o i_o endeavour_v by_o all_o my_o study_n pain_n diligence_n and_o care_n to_o draw_v the_o general_a sea-carde_n and_o the_o other_o particular_a plot_n exact_o and_o faithful_o as_o become_v i_o and_o in_o the_o
sea_n page_n 23_o the_o course_n of_o norway_n swedland_n and_o east_n finland_n page_n 23_o diverse_a course_n over_o the_o baltic_a or_o eastern_a sea_n page_n 23_o the_o course_n of_o frizeland_n yutland_n pomerland_n curland_n and_o lyfland_n page_n 24_o the_o course_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o moscovie_n and_o general_o of_o all_o our_o traffic_v page_n 24_o a_o table_n of_o the_o altitude_n or_o latitude_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a place_n point_n and_o cape_n page_n 25_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o common_a table_n of_o the_o tide_n page_n 26_o what_o moon_n make_v full_a sea_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o yutland_n frizeland_n holland_n and_o zealand_n page_n 26_o full_a sea_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o flaunders_n normandy_n britain_n gascoyn_n biscay_n gallicia_n portugal_n and_o spain_n page_n 26_o full_a sea_n upon_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n page_n 26_o a_o instruction_n to_o know_v how_o many_o league_n you_o sail_v upon_o every_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n for_o a_o degree_n page_n 27_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o table_n follow_v page_n 27_o the_o compass_n and_o table_n of_o the_o ebbing_n and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n page_n 27_o a_o compass_n and_o table_n to_o find_v out_o the_o tide_n of_o all_o coast_n page_n 27_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o table_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o full_a sea_n &_o fall_a water_n upon_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n page_n 29_o the_o perfect_a table_n or_o tide_n chart._n page_n 30_o the_o ebb_n and_o fall_a water_n a-longst_a the_o coast_n of_o frizeland_n holland_n zealand_n and_o flaunders_n page_n 32_o fall_v water_n a-longst_a the_o north_n coast_v of_o scotland_n and_o england_n page_n 32_o fall_v water_n between_o britain_n and_o france_n page_n 32_o fall_v water_n a-longst_a the_o west_n coast_v of_o england_n and_o ireland_n page_n 32_o a_o perfect_a description_n of_o the_o depth_n and_o sounding_n never_o to_o diverse_a province_n of_o our_o navigation_n page_n 33_o a_o description_n of_o the_o sounding_n and_o ground_n between_o ireland_n england_n and_o normandy_n page_n 34_o a_o description_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o north_n sea_n from_o the_o north_n foreland_n page_n 35_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o north_n ocean_n near_o yutland_n and_o ameland_n page_n 35_o the_o soundyng_n and_o ground_n of_o yutland_n near_o the_o schagen_n or_o scaw_n page_n 36_o the_o depth_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o baltic_a or_o eastern_a sea_n page_n 36_o the_o plot_n or_o sea_n chart_n a_o description_n and_o general_a sea_n chartley_n of_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n page_n 1_o of_o the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o buy_v beakon_v and_o other_o mark_n page_n 1_o of_o the_o vlie_n and_o the_o maersdeepe_a page_n 2_o of_o the_o maze_n the_o goere_n and_o the_o vere_n page_n 3_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o flaunders_n page_n 4_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o alderney_n garnzey_n and_o jersey_n and_o the_o quasquet_n etc._n etc._n page_n 5_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v between_o s._n mallos_n and_o beyond_o the_o port_n of_o roscou_n page_n 6_o of_o conquer_v breast_n and_o fontenay_n page_n 7_o the_o wonderful_a coast_n of_o britayn_n of_o the_o south_n coast_v of_o britayn_n between_o blavet_fw-la and_o picquely_a with_o bellisle_n and_o groy_n page_n 8_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o picquely_a rochel_n brovage_n as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n page_n 9_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o acason_n bayon_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o biscay_n unto_o castro_n page_n 10_o of_o the_o sea_n cost_v between_o laredo_n and_o sentilliana_n page_n 11_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v between_o rio_n de_fw-fr sella_n and_o auiles_n page_n 12_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o ribadeos_n biviero_n and_o luarca_n page_n 13_o of_o corunna_n call_v the_o groin_n ferolis_n and_o monsy_n the_o chief_a port_n of_o gallicia_n page_n 14_o of_o the_o coast_n of_o gallicia_n from_o the_o cape_n of_o finisterre_n to_o camino_n page_n 15_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o portugal_n from_o viana_n to_o cape_n de_fw-fr montego_n page_n 16_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o most_o notable_a part_n of_o portugal_n viz._n from_o the_o burling_n to_o beyond_o s._n yue_n page_n 17_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o algarbe_n the_o southern_a part_n of_o portugal_n page_n 18_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o haven_n of_o andaluzia_n page_n 19_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n from_o the_o surling_n the_o far_a part_n of_o england_n to_o plymouth_n page_n 20_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o plymouth_n and_o portland_n page_n 21_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o dover_n page_n 22_o the_o table_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o thames_n mouth_n with_o all_o the_o sand_n &_o shoald_n unto_o harwicâ—_n i_o the_o north_n coast_v of_o england_n between_o walderswick_a and_o burnam_n two_o the_o coast_n and_o channel_n of_o lin_z hull_n fyly_n and_o scharborough_n iii_o of_o the_o northermost_a coast_n of_o england_n from_o scharborough_n to_o newcastle_n four_o the_o sea_n coast_v between_o bambourgh_n and_o aberdein_n v_o of_o the_o southermost_a part_n of_o norway_n &_o the_o coast_n adjoin_v vi_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o east_n sea_n coast_n of_o norway_n and_o the_o coast_n adjoin_v vii_o of_o the_o north-east_n country_n where_o the_o maelstrand_n be_v the_o chief_a port._n viii_o of_o the_o principall_a part_n of_o denmark_n wherein_o stand_v copen-haven_n ix_o of_o bleckside_n and_o calmer-sound_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o swedland_n x_o of_o westerwick_n about_o the_o mount_n of_o the_o swethish_n yunckfrow_fw-mi the_o beginning_n of_o the_o share_n xi_o â—he_n sea_n coast_n between_o wyburgh_n and_o the_o narue_v the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o belt_n xii_o of_o lyfland_n about_o revel_v and_o moonsound_a and_o of_o the_o coast_n adjoin_v xiii_o of_o right_n and_o parnout_n and_o of_o the_o island_n adjoin_v xiiii_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o oesel_n li_v between_o the_o belt_n and_o the_o bay_n of_o right_n xv_o of_o prusland_n whereof_o dantzick_n be_v the_o chief_a mart._n xvi_o of_o the_o coast_n of_o pomerland_n and_o the_o country_n adjoin_v xvii_o of_o the_o newdeep_a that_o stretch_v up_o to_o statin_n and_o mesound_v and_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o metellenburgh_n lubick_n the_o belt_n greensound_n moon_n etc._n etc._n xviii_o of_o the_o belt_n and_o all_o the_o island_n rock_n and_o shoalds_z between_z lalands_n riff_o and_o steven_n head_n xix_o the_o uttermost_a coast_n of_o yutland_n opposite_a to_o norway_n xx_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o yutland_n with_o the_o island_n thereunto_o belong_v xxi_o of_o ider_v ditmers_n and_o the_o sea_n coast_v adjoin_v xxii_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_v of_o fryzland_n with_o the_o river_n of_o weser_n and_o emes_n and_o of_o schalbalch_n xxiii_o of_o the_o use_n and_o practise_v of_o this_o book_n whosoever_o will_v use_v these_o chart_n of_o seafaring_a as_o they_o ought_v and_o as_o the_o practice_n itself_o require_v must_v first_o know_v and_o diligent_o mark_v that_o the_o several_a arising_n and_o appear_v of_o every_o country_n be_v particular_o portray_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o chart_n or_o else_o where_o be_v great_a room_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o map_n follow_v for_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o place_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chart_fw-la of_o flaunders_n where_o the_o chief_a appearance_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la in_o the_o same_o fashion_n as_o they_o show_v and_o appear_v first_o to_o those_o which_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o may_v be_v know_v by_o mountain_n valley_n wood_n hill_n cliff_n tower_n city_n beakon_v or_o cape_n etc._n etc._n but_o after_o that_o the_o coast_n be_v descry_v a_o skilful_a pilot_n must_v consider_v how_o he_o may_v sail_v thither_o and_o upon_o what_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o haven_n or_o river_n lie_v what_o bank_n shoald_n tail_n sand_n rock_n under_o and_o above_o water_n what_o blind_a rock_n you_o must_v shun_v and_o what_o depth_n be_v near_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v come_v near_o what_o shore_n mark_n steeple_n windmill_n hill_n and_o cliff_n &_o what_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o one_o to_o come_v to_o the_o true_a depth_n or_o channel_n moreover_o how_o the_o buy_v be_v set_v near_o the_o haven_n or_o river_n both_o in_o go_v out_o and_o come_n in_o and_o how_o far_o they_o lie_v one_o from_o another_o and_o that_o be_v express_v at_o large_a and_o in_o good_a order_n in_o the_o several_a description_n of_o every_o chart_fw-la and_o see_v that_o many_o which_o be_v never_o at_o sea_n will_v not_o without_o cause_n marvel_v when_o they_o see_v
these_o particular_a map_n why_o in_o some_o coast_n river_n and_o other_o inland_a water_n the_o town_n tower_n rock_n and_o other_o mark_n or_o sign_n do_v seem_v on_o one_o side_n to_o stand_v upright_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n clean_o contrary_a the_o gentle_a reader_n shall_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o particular_a chartes_n i_o have_v treat_v little_a thereof_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o incident_a to_o the_o treaty_n of_o navigation_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o pilot_n shipmaster_n mariner_n and_o many_o other_o who_o it_o special_o concern_v which_o set_v out_o daily_a to_o the_o sea_n have_v hitherto_o continual_o use_v &_o as_o yet_o do_v always_o use_v the_o like_a chart_n so_o that_o with_o the_o least_o alteration_n thereof_o they_o may_v often_o put_v in_o danger_n their_o ship_n &_o good_n i_o think_v it_o not_o requisite_a by_o and_o by_o to_o change_v the_o same_o although_o i_o know_v and_o have_v prove_v for_o certainty_n that_o it_o will_v seem_v very_o absurd_a and_o against_o reason_n to_o all_o cunning_a &_o skilful_a man_n who_o i_o earnest_o desire_v for_o that_o cause_n to_o have_v i_o excuse_v lest_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o straungnes_n and_o such_o doubtful_a alteration_n those_o which_o go_v to_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o doubt_n or_o confusion_n whereby_o many_o danger_n and_o discommodity_n may_v ensue_v and_o let_v it_o not_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o if_o peradventure_o some_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n haven_n country_n etc._n etc._n appear_v not_o so_o full_o and_o plain_o and_o show_v themselves_o as_o indeed_o they_o be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v portray_v in_o our_o several_a chartes_n for_o albeit_o beside_o my_o own_o skill_n and_o experience_n i_o have_v confer_v and_o show_v whatsoever_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n to_o diverse_a shipmaster_n and_o expert_a pilot_n and_o have_v correct_v the_o same_o by_o their_o note_n who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a experience_n and_o judgement_n have_v praise_v and_o allow_v all_o these_o several_a chartes_n which_o since_o that_o i_o have_v publish_v in_o the_o same_o form_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o be_v deceive_v &_o for_o that_o diverse_a man_n have_v not_o only_o diverse_a opinion_n but_o also_o evident_a fault_n perhaps_o many_o error_n will_v be_v find_v in_o this_o book_n which_o a_o painful_a and_o diligent_a pilot_n will_v easy_o amend_v see_v it_o be_v far_o easy_a to_o correct_v that_o which_o be_v already_o invent_v then_o to_o frame_v a_o new_a â§_o of_o the_o special_a property_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o aswell_o in_o time_n past_a as_o at_o this_o present_a make_v many_o to_o wonder_v no_o man_n doubt_v that_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o stream_n notwithstanding_o a_o contrary_a wind_n do_v always_o come_v from_o the_o northwest_n and_o flow_v very_o swift_o upon_o all_o the_o sea_n coast_n &_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o usual_a navigation_n the_o wave_n be_v mount_v on_o such_o a_o height_n and_o separate_v so_o far_o asunder_o that_o when_o two_o ship_n be_v part_v by_o such_o wave_n each_o other_o mast_n and_o top_n can_v be_v see_v which_o happen_v common_o at_o a_o still_a water_n or_o calm_a weather_n and_o these_o wave_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a that_o you_o can_v shoot_v from_o one_o ship_n to_o another_o with_o a_o caliver_n moreover_o in_o all_o the_o streict_n or_o levant_n sea_n the_o wave_n always_o drive_v and_o rise_v up_o against_o the_o coast_n creek_n and_o shore_n and_o also_o the_o little_a stream_n and_o river_n notwithstanding_o a_o contrary_a wind_n always_o roll_n up_o against_o the_o shore_n a_o thing_n doubtless_o strange_a &_o wonderful_a but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o no_o man_n have_v hitherto_o as_o far_o as_o i_o know_v certain_o declare_v or_o define_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n wherefore_o in_o few_o word_n i_o will_v declare_v my_o opinion_n hereof_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n may_v proceed_v without_o prejudice_n to_o other_o man_n opinion_n from_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n because_o many_o tempest_n and_o storm_n arise_v in_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o coldness_n and_o intemperature_n of_o the_o air_n land_n and_o sea_n from_o whence_o blow_v such_o mighty_a and_o forcible_a wind_n drive_v and_o beat_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wave_n thereof_o with_o such_o might_n that_o no_o contrary_a wind_n can_v stop_v or_o resist_v the_o course_n or_o toss_v thereof_o and_o that_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o surge_n which_o drive_v one_o another_o from_o a_o coast_n so_o far_o off_o but_o some_o man_n may_v demand_v why_o it_o proceed_v not_o rather_o from_o the_o south-west_n where_o the_o sea_n be_v wide_a and_o large_a who_o may_v be_v thus_o answer_v that_o the_o sun_n with_o his_o natural_a heat_n do_v so_o temper_n and_o moderate_v the_o wind_n surge_n and_o wave_n under_o the_o south_n climate_n that_o there_o can_v arise_v such_o great_a tempest_n for_o it_o be_v see_v and_o prove_v by_o daily_a experience_n in_o the_o indian_a navigation_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o the_o south_n climate_n do_v make_v the_o weather_n calm_a and_o the_o water_n smooth_a contrariwise_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n have_v no_o such_o force_n but_o yield_v lesser_a heat_n which_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o wave_n be_v always_o troublesome_a northwestward_a and_o come_v roll_v about_o all_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europe_n but_o i_o believe_v that_o a_o ship_n far_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o under_o sail_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o northwest_o sea_n perceave_v no_o such_o matter_n but_o when_o you_o draw_v near_o or_o about_o new-found_a land_n you_o shall_v doubtless_o find_v again_o that_o the_o flood_n and_o narrow_a sea_n within_o the_o land_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o flow_v from_o the_o north-east_n and_o this_o gentle_a reader_n be_v my_o opinion_n hereof_o submit_v myself_o to_o the_o better_a censure_n of_o other_o man_n but_o the_o secret_n of_o almighty_a god_n the_o only_a creator_n and_o governor_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o incomprehensible_a and_o insearcheable_a although_o we_o behold_v the_o heaven_n the_o air_n the_o land_n &_o sea_n that_o we_o be_v altogether_o unable_a in_o respect_n of_o his_o omnipotency_n or_o rather_o unworthy_a to_o judge_v or_o set_v down_o any_o certainty_n thereof_o but_o so_o far_o as_o our_o endeavour_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o human_a wit_n give_v we_o of_o god_n can_v natural_o conceive_v and_o no_o far_o the_o rest_n we_o most_o humble_o refer_v to_o his_o divine_a majesty_n until_o we_o be_v change_v from_o this_o miserable_a and_o wretched_a life_n â§_o a_fw-la exhortation_n to_o the_o apprentice_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a way_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a skill_n and_o science_n of_o navigation_n be_v whensoever_o any_o shipmaster_n or_o mariner_n shall_v set_v forth_o from_o land_n out_o of_o any_o river_n or_o haven_n diligent_o to_o mark_v what_o building_n castle_n tower_n church_n hill_n ball_n down_n windmill_n or_o other_o mark_n be_v stand_v on_o the_o land_n all_o which_o or_o many_o of_o they_o let_v he_o portray_v with_o his_o pen_n how_o they_o bear_v and_o how_o far_o distant_a but_o upon_o the_o true_a and_o certain_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o which_o he_o first_o set_v sail_n and_o shape_v his_o course_n while_o yet_o every_o mark_n on_o the_o land_n may_v be_v clear_o and_o evident_o perceave_v to_o the_o end_n the_o true_a arise_v thereof_o may_v be_v the_o better_a have_v he_o must_v also_o very_o often_o cast_v the_o lead_n that_o he_o may_v most_o exact_o note_v in_o his_o compt-booke_n how_o far_o off_o all_o the_o shoald_n and_o sand_n lie_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o like_a manner_n must_v he_o proceed_v that_o describe_v and_o arrive_v towards_o any_o other_o country_n to_o wit_n assoon_o as_o the_o arise_v and_o show_v of_o the_o land_n be_v it_o high_a or_o low_o with_o the_o beakon_v and_o other_o mark_n may_v be_v plain_o perceave_v straightway_o must_v he_o compare_v they_o all_o with_o those_o our_o chartes_n and_o tables_n and_o when_o the_o coast_n be_v thus_o know_v either_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n then_o must_v he_o wary_o and_o diligent_o endeavour_v to_o seek_v out_o and_o find_v the_o true_a depth_n and_o channel_n by_o certain_a mark_n tower_n church_n beakon_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v find_v almost_o at_o every_o port_n entry_n cape_n or_o point_n and_o no_o less_o heedful_o consider_v how_o his_o course_n lie_v inwards_o and_o outwards_o any_o mariner_n that_o will_v diligent_o and_o with_o understanding_n practice_v these_o
at_o 12._o of_o the_o clock_n 45._o minute_n when_o she_o be_v two_o day_n old_a at_o 1._o a_o clock_n 30._o minute_n a_o three_o day_n moon_n at_o 2._o a_o clock_n 15._o min._n and_o at_o four_o day_n at_o 3._o a_o clock_n then_o be_v she_o horn_v and_o have_v run_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o her_o course_n but_o when_o she_o shall_v be_v half_o full_a or_o one_o quarter_n old_a it_o shall_v flow_v still_o in_o those_o place_n till_o six_o a_o clock_n morning_n and_o evening_n after_o this_o the_o tide_n shall_v be_v late_a every_o day_n than_o other_o by_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n thus_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v the_o just_a time_n of_o the_o full_a sea_n may_v be_v account_v with_o ease_n in_o what_o place_n soever_o as_o every_o 15._o day_n one_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v give_v overplus_n to_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o compass_n have_v 32._o point_n and_o the_o moon_n but_o 30._o day_n whereupon_o in_o this_o table_n of_o tide_n you_o must_v begin_v your_o account_n again_o at_o the_o full_a or_o new_a moon_n the_o 15._o day_n and_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v half_a a_o quarter_n old_a be_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n it_o shall_v be_v high_a water_n at_o 3._o in_o the_o morning_n and_o afternoon_n but_o on_o the_o quarter_n day_n a_o east_n and_o west_n moon_n at_o 6._o a_o clock_n morning_n and_o evening_n shall_v cause_v full_a sea_n for_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o tide_n reckon_v of_o pilot_n and_o all_o mariner_n every_o day_n a_o perfect_a table_n to_o find_v out_o easy_o upon_o each_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n what_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n age_n and_o what_o hour_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o day_n or_o night_n you_o shall_v have_v full_a sea_n or_o fall_v water_n in_o all_o place_n s_o and_z n_z moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n upon_o the_o same_o point_n s._n and_o by_o w._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n upon_o the_o same_o point_n 0_o 12_o 0_o at_o all_o the_o isle_n of_o jutland_n before_o the_o eyder_n and_o hever_n before_o delfzyle_v and_o embden_n before_o enchuysen_n vik_n all_o the_o shore_n of_o flaunders_n beachy_a shore_n at_o the_o foreland_n within_o harwich_n at_o dover_n at_o concalo_fw-la s._n malo_n in_o the_o condado_fw-es at_o hamton_n kaye_n from_o the_o ness_n unto_o bollaine_n 0_o 12_o 45_o before_o the_o cammer_n of_o rye_n before_o flissh_v from_o the_o ness_n unto_o wolfort_n land_n from_o estaple_n unto_o bollayne_n 1_o 12_o 45_o 1_o 1_o 30_o 2_o 1_o 30_o 2_o 2_o 15_o 3_o 2_o 15_o  _fw-fr 3_o 3_o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o 3_o 0_o 4_o 3_o 45_o 5_o 3_o 45_o 5_o 4_o 30_o 6_o 4_o 30_o 6_o 5_o 15_o 7_o 5_o 15_o 7_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 6_o 45_o 9_o 6_o 45_o 9_o 7_o 30_o 10_o 7_o 30_o 10_o 8_o 15_o 11_o 8_o 15_o 11_o 9_o 0_o 12_o 9_o 0_o 12_o 9_o 45_o 13_o 9_o 45_o  _fw-fr 13_o 10_o 30_o 14_o 10_o 30_o 14_o 11_o 15_o 15_o 11_o 15_o 15_o 12_o 0_o s.w._n and_o n._n e._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n s.w._n and_o by_o w._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n 0_o 3_o 0_o between_o the_o head_n at_o fontenay_n all_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n gascon_a poictou_n and_o without_o the_o bank_n of_o flanders_n the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n before_o new_a castle_n in_o robbenhood_n bay_a at_o amstelredam_n dordrecht_n zierick_n sea_n and_o rotterdam_n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hague_n unto_o the_o i_o will_v and_o ras_n of_o alderney_n from_o jarsey_n unto_o the_o casket_n from_o mylford_n unto_o the_o ramshead_n before_o foye_n in_o the_o ras_n of_o portland_n 0_o 3_o 45_o before_o the_o garonne_n or_o the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n from_o strusart_n unto_o deep_a from_o cape_n the_o clear_a to_o lundye_v from_o the_o lizard_n unto_o the_o start_n point_n 1_o 3_o 45_o 1_o 4_o 30_o 2_o 4_o 30_o 2_o 5_o 15_o  _fw-fr 3_o 5_o 15_o 3_o 6_o 0_o 4_o 6_o 0_o 4_o 6_o 45_o 5_o 6_o 45_o 5_o 7_o 30_o  _fw-fr 6_o 7_o 30_o 6_o 8_o 15_o 7_o 8_o 15_o  _fw-fr 7_o 9_o 0_o 8_o 9_o 0_o 8_o 9_o 45_o 9_o 9_o 45_o 9_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 11_o 15_o 11_o 11_o 15_o  _fw-fr 11_o 12_o 0_o 12_o 12_o 0_o 12_o 12_o 45_o 13_o 12_o 45_o 13_o 13_o 30_o 14_o 1_o 30_o 14_o 2_o 15_o 15_o 2_o 15_o 15_o 3_o 0_o e._n and_o w._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n w._n and_o by_o n._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n 0_o 6_o 0_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o sorlinge_n before_o hamborough_n at_o lundye_n before_o the_o mars-deepe_a in_o the_o bay_n before_o s._n paul_n without_o vshant_n before_o bourdeaux_n at_o blackney_n and_o wels._n at_o hull_n within_o the_o river_n before_o antwerp_n from_o the_o casket_n to_o dierliet_n from_o the_o land_n end_n unto_o the_o lizard_n 0_o 6_o 45_o before_o falemouth_n at_o plymouth_n at_o hartlepoole_n before_o scharborough_n from_o the_o i_o will_v of_o bas_n unto_o marwanen_n alongst_o the_o shore_n 1_o 6_o 45_o 1_o 7_o 30_o 2_o 7_o 30_o 2_o 8_o 15_o  _fw-fr 3_o 8_o 15_o  _fw-fr 3_o 9_o 0_o  _fw-fr 4_o 9_o 0_o 4_o 9_o 45_o  _fw-fr 5_o 9_o 45_o 5_o 10_o 30_o 6_o 10_o 30_o 6_o 11_o 15_o 7_o 11_o 15_o 7_o 12_o 0_o 8_o 12_o 0_o 8_o 12_o 45_o 9_o 12_o 45_o 9_o 1_o 30_o 10_o 1_o 30_o 10_o 2_o 15_o 11_o 2_o 15_o 11_o 3_o 0_o 12_o 3_o 0_o 12_o 3_o 45_o 13_o 2_o 45_o 13_o 4_o 30_o 14_o 4_o 30_o 14_o 5_o 15_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 15_o 6_o 0_o n.w._n and_o s.e._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n n.w._n and_o by_o n._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n 0_o 0_o 0_o in_o the_o ras_n of_o portland_n before_o the_o casket_n before_o garnesey_n before_o the_o ems._n before_o the_o vlie_n before_o s._n helen_n upon_o the_o flake_n of_o the_o wier_n and_o frysland_n from_o yarmouth_n unto_o cromer_n within_o the_o bank_n  _fw-fr 0_o 9_o 45_o within_o the_o needle_n of_o wight_n within_o the_o goude_n  _fw-fr 1_o 9_o 45_o 1_o 10_o 30_o 2_o 10_o 30_o 2_o 11_o 15_o  _fw-fr 3_o 11_o 15_o 3_o 12_o 0_o 4_o 12_o 0_o 4_o 12_o 45_o 5_o 12_o 45_o 5_o 1_o 30_o 6_o 1_o 30_o 6_o 2_o 15_o 7_o 2_o 15_o 7_o 3_o 0_o 8_o 3_o 0_o 8_o 3_o 45_o 9_o 3_o 45_o  _fw-fr 9_o 4_o 30_o 10_o 4_o 30_o 10_o 5_o 15_o 11_o 5_o 15_o 11_o 6_o 0_o 12_o 6_o 0_o 12_o 6_o 45_o 13_o 6_o 45_o 13_o 7_o 30_o 14_o 7_o 30_o 14_o 8_o 15_o 15_o 8_o 15_o 15_o 9_o 0_o s._n s.w_o moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n upon_o the_o same_o point_n s.w._n and_o by_o s._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n upon_o the_o same_o point_n 0_o 1_o 30_o before_o the_o wiel_n before_o the_o maze_n in_o the_o down_n all_o alongst_o beachy_a at_o blackenesse_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o zealand_n at_o armuye_n before_o canfer_v or_o teruer_n under_o holy_a land_n from_o gravel_v to_o woltersland_n 0_o 2_o 15_o at_o saint_n lucas_n at_o lisbon_n at_o cales_n malis_fw-la before_o the_o condado_fw-es before_o s._n mathews_n a_o mid_n the_o head_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n from_o dunkirk_n to_o gravel_v from_o cane_n to_o estaples_n from_o deep_o to_o cane_n from_o bertram_n to_o the_o casket_n from_o dartmouth_n to_o excester_n 1_o 2_o 15_o 1_o 3_o 0_o 2_o 3_o 0_o  _fw-fr 2_o 3_o 45_o 3_o 3_o 45_o 3_o 4_o 30_o 4_o 4_o 30_o 4_o 5_o 15_o  _fw-fr 5_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 6_o 0_o 6_o 6_o 0_o 6_o 6_o 45_o 7_o 6_o 45_o 7_o 7_o 30_o 8_o 7_o 30_o 8_o 8_o 15_o 9_o 8_o 15_o  _fw-fr 9_o 9_o 0_o 10_o 9_o 0_o 10_o 9_o 45_o  _fw-fr 11_o 9_o 45_o 11_o 10_o 30_o 12_o 10_o 30_o 12_o 11_o 15_o 13_o 11_o 15_o 13_o 12_o 0_o 14_o 12_o 0_o 14_o 12_o 45_o 15_o 12_o 45_o 15_o 1_o 30_o w.s.w._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n w._n and_o by_o s._n moon_n full_a sea_n the_o ebb_n 0_o 4_o 30_o in_o the_o brefond_a and_o vourd_v at_o marie_n port_n at_o calais_n within_o the_o créeke_n on_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o ireland_n at_o obeurac_n in_o moushole_n haven_n before_o the_o river_n of_o humber_n from_o oastend_n to_o saint_n catherins_n from_o dierliet_n to_o strusart_n the_o bresont_n out_o and_o in_o from_o cape_n the_o clear_a to_o saltees_n from_o lundie_n to_o milford_n from_o wales_n into_o the_o channel_n of_o brustol_n from_o the_o sorling_n to_o the_o land_n end_n from_o the_o start_n to_o portland_n 0_o 5_o 15_o within_o falmouth_n within_o plymouth_n within_o dartmouth_n at_o the_o lezard_n before_o s._n paul_n within_o garnsey_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o wall_n before_o lyn._n from_o the_o i_o will_v of_o base_a to_o dorsey_n and_o the_o
trust_v to_o these_o measure_n at_o the_o north_n hooke_n of_o texel_n land_n may_v be_v see_v at_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n holland_n be_v see_v at_o 14._o or_o 15._o faith_n water_n when_o you_o sail_n within_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o breed_n veerthiene_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o northwest_o of_o harlem_n and_o stretch_v alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n to_o the_o west_n end_n of_o vliland_n and_o be_v 7._o or_o 8._o league_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o soundinge_n and_o ground_n of_o jutland_n near_o the_o point_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o common_o call_v schagen_n or_o schaw_n a_o great_a league_n west_n and_o by_o north_n from_o the_o schaw_n be_v 35._o fathom_n depth_n north_n north-east_n a_o great_a league_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o this_o point_n be_v find_v 38._o fathom_n depth_n and_o when_o the_o point_n be_v northwest_n from_o you_o than_o you_o have_v 17._o fathom_n water_n between_o this_o point_n and_o lesou_n the_o channel_n be_v 20._o faith_n deep_o and_o the_o ground_n like_o clay_n or_o dirt_n betwixt_o anhout_n and_o waersberg_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v 22._o fathom_n water_n between_o lesou_n and_o anhout_n the_o ground_n be_v firm_a and_o stony_a near_o waersbergh_n be_v a_o shall_v of_o 17._o fathom_n depth_n between_o anhout_n and_o col_n be_v another_o shall_v of_o 17._o fathom_n where_o sometime_o it_o be_v troublesome_a like_o a_o whirepoole_n the_o depth_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o balthic_n or_o eastern_a sea_n between_o oeland_n and_o gothland_n the_o soundinge_n be_v unequal_a sometime_o of_o 20._o sometime_o of_o 23._o faith_n the_o ground_n of_o black_a and_o stony_a gross_a sand_n like_a unto_o pea_n when_o the_o south_n end_n of_o oeland_n be_v two_o league_n distant_a from_o you_o westward_n you_o have_v 27._o fathom_n water_n where_o also_o you_o may_v commodious_o gage_v water_n but_o when_o the_o chapel_n in_o sudernoorden_n bear_v west_n northwest_o off_o you_o then_o have_v you_o 31._o fathom_n depth_n and_o ground_n fit_a to_o gage_v water_n over_o against_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o fair_a way_n be_v 52._o fathom_n and_o a_o clay_n ground_n but_o fit_a for_o gage_v between_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a carla_n you_o have_v 14._o faith_n depth_n under_o which_o be_v safe_a road_n for_o ship_n there_o be_v a_o shall_v between_o houburg_n &_o ostergard_n contain_v 24._o faith_n depth_n the_o ground_n be_v great_a red_a sand_n but_o hardly_o from_o thence_o can_v you_o ken_v gothland_n out_o of_o the_o top_n there_o be_v also_o to_o the_o eastward_o another_o shall_v of_o 36._o faith_n depth_n which_o when_o you_o be_v past_a you_o have_v more_o than_o 40._o fathom_n water_n when_o the_o point_n of_o right_n be_v 3._o league_n southeast_n from_o you_o then_o have_v you_o 30._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o it_o be_v from_o you_o half_o a_o league_n south_n southeaster_o you_o have_v 15._o fathom_n the_o ground_n be_v white_a sand_n but_o when_o it_o bear_v west_n a_o small_a league_n from_o you_o than_o you_o shall_v find_v 16._o fathom_n water_n over_o against_o heel_n half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v almost_o 32._o fathom_n deep_a the_o road_n for_o ship_n at_o heel_n have_v 25._o fathom_n depth_n between_o moan_n and_o falsterborn_n be_v 14._o fathom_n depth_n between_o stead_n and_o falsterborn_n in_o the_o very_a channel_n it_o be_v but_o 12._o faith_n deep_o near_o falsterborn_n it_o be_v full_a of_o shoalde_n but_o near_o sted_n you_o have_v 13._o fathom_n water_n between_o drakerriff_n and_o southolman_n which_o be_v more_o shoaldie_n there_o be_v 5._o fathom_n depth_n want_v two_o foot_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o sound_n it_o be_v sometime_o deep_o as_o 6._o 7._o 8._o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n a_o description_n and_o portrait_n of_o the_o great_a parte_fw-la of_o the_o seacoaste_n of_o europe_n for_o asmuch_o as_n these_o particular_a sea_n chartes_n which_o i_o have_v set_v forth_o of_o the_o western_a eastern_a 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chart_n be_v take_v out_o of_o this_o general_a and_o enlarge_v do_v very_o sufficient_o teach_v &_o show_v both_o the_o country_n themselves_o &_o their_o commodity_n so_o they_o be_v right_o examine_v accord_v to_o the_o true_a art_n of_o navigation_n employinge_v therewithal_o such_o necessary_a instrument_n as_o appertain_v thereunto_o a_o short_a instruction_n of_o the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o buy_v beakon_v and_o other_o mark_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v set_v for_o shoaldes_n sand_n or_o hide_a rock_n as_o they_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o particular_a chartes_n of_o the_o fliestreame_a eemse_n weeser_n the_o ell_n meersdiep_n and_o the_o maze_n upon_o all_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n of_o holland_n friesland_n and_o zealand_n the_o buy_v at_o the_o upper_a end_n be_v round_o and_o great_a and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n small_a and_o sharp_a like_a unto_o this_o mark_n 1_o be_v make_v black_a with_o pitch_n or_o tar_n lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o sail_v out_o &_o on_o the_o lefthand_n in_o come_n in_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o sand_n flat_n &_o shoalde_n do_v common_o stand_v the_o beakon_v and_o other_o high_a and_o more_o apparent_a mark_n make_v of_o oasyers_n after_o this_o manner_n 2_o that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o far_a of_o perceave_v and_o where_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o point_n of_o rock_n sand_n &_o shoalde_n that_o stand_v out_o there_o be_v that_o you_o may_v shun_v they_o white_a ton_n or_o buy_v make_v after_o this_o fashion_n which_o do_v always_o he_o upon_o the_o contrary_a side_n of_o the_o foresay_a black_a buy_v the_o eye_n mark_n whereby_o you_o may_v assure_o find_v these_o buy_v and_o other_o mark_n be_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o description_n before_o each_o chart_fw-la but_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o buy_v and_o mark_n be_v herein_o note_v as_o they_o wear_v anno._n 1582._o moreover_o because_o the_o depth_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n do_v yearly_o shift_v and_o change_v their_o place_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o instability_n of_o the_o sandy_a ground_n and_o for_o that_o the_o entringe_n and_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n do_v daily_o wax_v wide_a &_o broad_a therefore_o these_o stream_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o sound_a and_o to_o be_v sail_v in_o with_o skilful_a and_o experience_a pilot_n &_o master_n the_o land_n mark_n place_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o river_n i_o have_v for_o straightness_n of_o room_n mark_v thus_o but_o where_o there_o be_v false_a road_n &_o ground_n fit_a for_o anker_a i_o have_v set_v down_o this_o form_n of_o a_o anchor_n the_o figure_n which_o be_v place_v in_o all_o haven_n river_n stream_n &_o channel_n aswell_o in_o the_o main_n sea_n as_o elsewhere_o upon_o all_o the_o shoalde_n sand_n &_o rock_n do_v signify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o place_n as_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 10._o 12._o fatham_n &_o so_o forth_o which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v at_o half_a flood_n or_o ebb_v the_o little_a cross_n mark_v in_o this_o manner_n †_o along_o the_o coast_n near_o island_n and_o elsewhere_o betoken_v hide_a and_o dangerous_a rock_n of_o which_o you_o must_v careful_o beware_v and_o where_o the_o double_a cross_n be_v there_o lie_v great_a rock_n cover_v with_o the_o water_n these_o mark_n in_o the_o chartes_n be_v make_v thus_o a_o general_n card_n &_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europa_n and_o navigation_n in_o this_o book_n contain_v semper_fw-la eadem_fw-la honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr spqr_n judocus_fw-la hondius_n fe_o a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o vlie_n and_o the_o marsdeep_a two_o of_o the_o notable_a river_n of_o all_o holland_n from_o the_o northern_a unto_o the_o southern_a sea_n he_o that_o will_v sail_v from_o the_o north_n sea_n up_o to_o amsterdam_n or_o
enchuisen_n by_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o vlie_n common_o call_v noordergat_n must_v so_o direct_v his_o course_n that_o the_o lande-marke_a of_o schelling_n may_v exact_o answer_v to_o the_o three_o down_n and_o the_o black_a down_o must_v be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o high_a white_a down_o then_o appear_v the_o first_o buy_v from_o which_o he_o shall_v sail_v unto_o the_o second_o south_n and_o by_o east_n or_o south_n and_o by_o west_n accord_v as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n will_v serve_v from_o thence_o until_o he_o come_v to_o the_o buy_v which_o lie_v upon_o the_o busk_n south_n and_o by_o west_n or_o south_n still_o careful_o observe_v your_o tide_n from_o thence_o let_v he_o sail_v unto_o the_o buy_v in_o moncksloot_n south_n or_o southe_n and_o by_o west_n thence_o to_o longsand_n south_n and_o by_o east_n then_o to_o wolfshouk_n south_n east_n and_o by_o south_n but_o till_o he_o come_v to_o cashoucke_n let_v he_o keep_v south_n south_n east_n the_o eye_n mark_n of_o cashoucke_n be_v when_o the_o tower_n of_o franike_n appear_v near_o the_o haven_n of_o harling_n from_o cashouck_n unto_o schutsande_n the_o course_n be_v east_n south_n east_n the_o mark_n whereof_o be_v these_o viz._n that_o cornwerde_n on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v right_a opposite_a to_o bolswerde_n and_o winald_n be_v discern_v above_o the_o castle_n of_o harling_n from_o schutsand_n he_o must_v sail_v to_o swaenbalg_n south_n east_n where_o the_o buy_v lie_v with_o these_o mark_n viz._n when_o boldeswerde_n appear_v on_o the_o eastside_n of_o the_o broad_a tower_n or_o the_o high_a build_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o cornewerde_n but_o when_o bolswerde_n be_v perceave_v between_o destin_n and_o cornewerd_n then_o may_v he_o ply_v that_o reach_v up_o or_o down_o at_o his_o pleasure_n from_o swaenbalg_n he_o may_v pass_v to_o middleground_o south_n south_n east_n &_o the_o mark_n hereof_o be_v when_o the_o two_o pick_a stéeple_n of_o harl_v on_o the_o southside_n 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the_o westside_n of_o medenblicke_a the_o way_n from_o creyl_n to_o crepelsand_n be_v south_n south_n east_n and_o south_n east_n and_o by_o east_n the_o mark_n of_o the_o buy_v of_o creplesand_n be_v enchuisen_n stand_v by_o venhuysen_n and_o broocke_n nigh_o unto_o hempskirke_n from_o hence_o you_o may_v sail_v unto_o the_o first_o buy_v in_o hillegat_n south_n south_n east_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n and_o then_o up_o towards_o the_o beacon_n south_n and_o by_o east_n but_o from_o the_o innermost_a buy_v unto_o the_o road_n of_o enchuisen_n south_n and_o by_o west_n moreover_o sail_v from_o enchuisen_n to_o texel_n he_o must_v as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n suffer_v begin_v his_o course_n from_o the_o buy_v that_o be_v northward_o in_o the_o go_v forth_o common_o call_v noordergat_v north_n north_n west_n or_o north_n and_o by_o west_n until_o brook_n may_v be_v kenned_a near_o hem_o where_o he_o shall_v find_v the_o buy_v of_o creplesand_n from_o thence_o he_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o wicker_n mark_v or_o beacon_n of_o the_o say_a creplesand_n northwest_o and_o when_o lytebrooke_n be_v see_v near_o hem_o he_o shall_v find_v out_o this_o mark_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v sail_v unto_o the_o south_n buy_v upon_o the_o flat_n of_o wire_v north_n west_n and_o by_o west_n have_v regard_n to_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n this_o buy_v be_v know_v when_o the_o twisch_a by_o almerdorpe_n and_o brooke_n do_v show_v between_o two_o heyricke_n and_o the_o western_a tower_n of_o wiringe_n perceave_v near_o unto_o the_o house_n then_o he_o may_v pass_v towards_o the_o middle_n buy_v northwest_o and_o by_o north_n until_o he_o find_v that_o the_o wind_n mill_n of_o wyringe_n stand_v at_o the_o southende_n of_o the_o house_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o middle_n buy_v unto_o the_o northern_a we_o sail_v north_n northwest_n the_o mark_n be_v when_o the_o two_o pike_a stéeple_n be_v one_o and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o buy_v there_o be_v a_o deep_a poole_n fit_a for_o great_a ship_n from_o thence_o he_o may_v sail_v to_o vliet_a north_n northwest_n and_o north_n and_o by_o west_n keep_v medenbliche_n and_o the_o buy_v in_o one_o so_o long_o as_o he_o can_v see_v they_o and_o keep_v still_o his_o course_n north_n and_o by_o west_n until_o he_o come_v to_o nesse_n where_o he_o shall_v find_v a_o buy_v on_o the_o eastside_n and_o there_o over_o against_o stand_v a_o mark_n make_v of_o wicker_n or_o basket_n work_v upon_o the_o nesse_n the_o token_n whereof_o be_v when_o the_o mill_n upon_o the_o shore_n be_v opposite_a to_o the_o valley_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o tower_n stand_v towards_o the_o west_n join_v to_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o house_n from_o thence_o to_o vogelsand_n west_n north_n west_n sometime_o wind_v about_o but_o when_o he_o come_v near_o vogelsand_n let_v he_o take_v heed_n that_o horn_n tower_n in_o texel_n may_v be_v see_v near_o the_o house_n which_o stand_v under_o geest_n and_o keep_v they_o so_o in_o sight_n until_o he_o come_v to_o the_o merchant_n road_n there_o may_v he_o anchor_n before_o geest_n in_o texel_n where_o he_o shall_v think_v best_a but_o if_o he_o will_v four_o into_o the_o ocean_n his_o course_n be_v to_o the_o new_a deep_a and_o shun_v the_o shoalde_n of_o geest_n two_o gable_n length_n from_o the_o shore_n side_n of_o huisdune_n until_o he_o come_v to_o the_o shoalde_v call_v dry_a hake_n and_o keep_v the_o shore_n mark_n which_o stand_v upon_o huisdune_n five_o foot_n one_o from_o the_o other_o then_o must_v he_o hold_v on_o his_o course_n to_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o entry_n or_o channel_n of_o marsdiep_n common_o call_v spaignarsgat_n for_o keysar_n plat_n have_v two_o fadam_fw-la water_n at_o half_a flood_n so_o that_o the_o say_a shore_n mark_n may_v be_v almost_o join_v together_o and_o if_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n he_o will_v bear_v in_o with_o the_o entry_n of_o marsdiep_n call_v spaignarsgat_n he_o must_v set_v wamme_n or_o s._n johns_n tower_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o high_a down_o of_o texel_n and_o the_o landmark_n upon_o huisdune_n the_o distance_n of_o 5._o foot_n from_o each_o other_o which_o be_v so_o set_v and_o keep_v he_o may_v enter_v the_o channel_n but_o if_o he_o will_v enter_v the_o mouth_n of_o maersdeep_o call_v dorley_n let_v he_o keep_v the_o landmark_n and_o the_o spear_n steeple_n of_o texell_n a_o sail_n breadth_n a_o sunder_o and_o let_v he_o hold_v on_o his_o course_n until_o the_o landmark_n of_o huisdune_n appear_v five_o foot_n each_o from_o the_o other_o sail_a east_n and_o by_o south_n towards_o huisdune_n if_o he_o will_v go_v in_o at_o the_o entry_n call_v ebbegat_n let_v he_o keep_v likewise_o the_o foresay_a mark_n of_o dorley_n five_o foot_n a_o sunder_o but_o if_o you_o will_v sail_v in_o at_o lantdiep_n call_v swidergat_n set_v the_o church_n of_o gee_v even_o with_o the_o shore_n of_o huisdune_n and_o so_o enter_v afterwards_o let_v he_o keep_v along_o the_o shore_n of_o huisdune_n about_o the_o length_n of_o two_o cable_n of_o until_o he_o have_v pass_v the_o new_a deep_a then_o let_v he_o conde_n the_o ship_n northeast_n until_o he_o come_v to_o the_o road_n where_o great_a ship_n and_o huye_n lie_v near_o to_o geest_n in_o texell_n where_o he_o may_v cast_v anchor_n in_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n of_o all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n upon_o this_o south_n sea_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v touch_v it_o in_o few_o word_n there_o be_v amsterdam_n that_o most_o renown_a mart_n town_n which_o in_o all_o europe_n have_v not_o her_o peer_n for_o variety_n and_o plenty_n of_o all_o trade_n especial_o of_o
here_o and_o there_o with_o some_o house_n to_o get_v the_o channel_n or_o passage_n between_o the_o foresay_a rock_n and_o bay_n you_o must_v sail_v 2._o cable_n length_n from_o the_o say_a rock_n almost_o south_n southeast_n keep_v s._n matthewes_n abbey_n in_o the_o valley_n eastward_o from_o conquer_v point_n then_o bear_v inwards_o until_o you_o come_v to_o blanc-haven_n or_o conquer_v point_n hale_v then_o to_o the_o outwards_n until_o s._n mathewes_n abbey_n be_v open_a unto_o you_o without_o conquer_v point_n sail_v alonge_v he_o cables_n length_n off_o for_o so_o shall_v you_o not_o strike_v upon_o the_o bell_n which_o lie_v off_o conquer_v point_n almost_o three_o cable_n length_n but_o keep_v flemyne_n bay_fw-mi full_a west_n of_o the_o white_a friar_n call_v the_o blanc_n moine_n but_o when_o you_o may_v plain_o discern_v conquer_v you_o be_v thwart_v the_o rock_n call_v les_fw-fr fenestriers_n which_o lie_v under_o water_n at_o the_o east_n side_n of_o conquer_v haven_n but_o if_o be_v at_o sea_n you_o must_v turn_v in_o bring_v s._n mathewes_n abbey_n right_a without_o conquer_v point_n and_o sail_v again_o about_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o hagle_n which_o lie_v almost_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o way_n from_o vshant_n there_o be_v a_o harbour_n betwixt_o fenestrier_n and_o the_o blanc_n moine_n under_o s._n matthewes_n point_n in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n and_o if_o you_o will_v put_v over_o from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n to_o the_o race_n of_o fonteneau_n you_o must_v conde_n the_o ship_n from_o blancs_n moine_v south_n and_o by_o east_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o empere_n rock_n call_v the_o keisar_n and_o keiserine_n but_o as_o you_o must_v not_o press_v to_o near_o keisar_n lest_o you_o strike_v upon_o the_o rock_n which_o lie_v under_o water_n so_o great_a heed_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o you_o be_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o tide_n or_o currente_n which_o common_o set_v in_o towards_o the_o keiserine_n upon_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o calf_n which_o stretch_v down_o from_o keiserine_n like_o a_o tongue_n and_o it_o be_v always_o there_o as_o a_o whirlpool_n and_o very_o tempestuous_a the_o race_n of_o fonteneau_n lie_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n south_n southwest_n but_o bresont_n stretch_v into_o the_o sea_n west_n and_o by_o south_n four_o dutch_a league_n from_o s._n matthewes_n the_o mark_n to_o cross_v the_o race_n from_o s._n mathewes_n to_o the_o keyser_n be_v the_o mill_n of_o fenestrier_n stand_v direct_o westward_o off_o s._n matthewes_n abbey_n but_o if_o you_o will_v sail_v to_o croixduyn_n from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n hold_v on_o east_n and_o by_o south_n so_o that_o you_o keep_v still_o the_o southermost_a part_n of_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o cheminees_n without_o blancs_n moine_n until_o you_o get_v the_o bay_n of_o crodune_n and_o the_o chapel_n appear_v on_o the_o gravel_o shore_n towards_o which_o chapel_n you_o may_v safe_o bear_v and_o there_o anchor_n in_o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n over_o against_o crodun_fw-la by_o the_o north_n shore_n lie_v bertrandes-bay_n be_v a_o very_a good_a harbour_n for_o a_o north_n and_o northwest_n wind_n but_o he_o which_o will_v go_v up_o to_o breast_n or_o landerneau_n must_v get_v good_a pilot_n for_o it_o be_v all_o sound_a water_n the_o collignier_n bear_v south_n southeast_n about_o a_o league_n &_o a_o half_a from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n the_o faukenes_n lie_v off_o from_o the_o west_n point_n of_o crodun_fw-la about_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o league_n west_n south-west_n the_o southermost_a faukenes_n stand_v from_o the_o northermost_a about_o half_a a_o league_n south_n southeast_n and_o be_v under-water_n at_o a_o high_a springtide_n a_o cable_n length_n off_o north_n north-east_n lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n which_o at_o low_a ebb_n be_v even_o with_o the_o water_n this_o south_n faukenes_n bear_v north-east_n and_o by_o north_n from_o crodun_fw-la there_o be_v also_o another_o hide_a rock_n westward_n from_o the_o north-east_n faukenes_n which_o appear_v at_o low_a water_n the_o rock_n call_v the_o hen_n lie_v distant_a from_o faukenes_n west_n south-west_n two_o cable_n length_n there_o be_v another_o call_v the_o chicken_n almost_o northwest_n and_o by_o west_n from_o the_o hen_n be_v two_o sharp_a rock_n which_o at_o a_o great_a ebb_n be_v either_o even_a or_o little_a above_o the_o water_n there_o lie_v also_o a_o rock_n east_n and_o by_o south_n from_o s._n matthewes_n point_n lie_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o bertrandes-bay_n by_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o water_n of_o breast_n and_o these_o be_v his_o mark_n viz._n when_o the_o southermost_a of_o the_o rock_n call_v cheminees_n be_v one_o with_o s._n matthewes_n point_n than_o you_o strike_v upon_o this_o rock_n but_o if_o it_o appear_v a_o little_a without_o than_o you_o go_v clear_a west_n penmarques_n be_v a_o bard_n haven_n which_o be_v to_o be_v enter_v on_o the_o east-side_n along_o the_o shore_n and_o leave_v the_o great_a rock_n on_o the_o starre-boord_n side_n which_o be_v once_o past_a you_o may_v anchor_n at_o three_o fathom_n water_n for_o as_o you_o come_v in_o without_o the_o rock_n you_o have_v 8._o or_o 9_o fathom_n you_o may_v also_o sail_v within_o the_o east_n penmarques_n for_o the_o main_n be_v sandy_a strande_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n very_o safe_o near_o unto_o the_o isle_n of_o morton_n for_o there_o be_v fair_a ground_n the_o sea_n card_n of_n britain_n contain_v the_o coast_n bay_n isle_n and_o haven_n that_o lie_v between_o rouscou_n and_o groye_n very_o diligent_o correct_v annus_n 1588._o a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n between_o blavet_fw-la and_o picquely_a wherein_o be_v also_o contain_v belisle_n and_o groy_n to_o sail_n into_o blavet_fw-la when_o you_o have_v the_o east_n point_n of_o the_o island_n call_v groy_n south_n and_o by_o west_n then_o be_v you_o come_v to_o the_o entry_n thereof_o which_o stretch_v inwards_o north_n north-east_n where_o be_v a_o very_a safe_a harbour_n for_o any_o wind_n or_o wether_n at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n water_n in_o the_o entry_n you_o have_v 4._o fathom_n water_n but_o there_o lie_v some_o shoald_n which_o you_o must_v shun_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o entry_n stand_v a_o great_a sharp_a steeple_n there_o be_v also_o under_o groy_n good_a ground_n for_o anker_a 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n deep_a and_o safe_a harbour_n for_o a_o south-west_n wind_n but_o beware_v of_o the_o southeast_n shore_n for_o it_o be_v rocky_a ground_n but_o if_o you_o will_v harbour_v under_o belisle_n you_o may_v go_v in_o on_o both_o side_n all_o at_o large_a where_o you_o may_v let_v fall_v your_o anchor_n at_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n water_n by_o s._n paul_n spire_n steeple_n but_o at_o a_o north-east_n or_o north_n northwest_n wind_n you_o must_v way_n and_o ply_v up_o to_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o island_n where_o before_o s._n helen_n you_o have_v safe_a road_n at_o 10._o fathom_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n come_v above_o at_o south_n or_o south_n southeast_n return_v then_o before_o the_o foresay_a steeple_n of_o s._n paul_n there_o lie_v 3._o island_n about_o a_o league_n and_o half_a from_o belisle_n the_o midst_n whereof_o have_v safe_a harbour_n you_o may_v sail_v betwixt_o they_o from_o island_n to_o island_n &_o in_o some_o place_n find_v good_a ride_v about_o two_o league_n thence_o lie_v the_o main_a land_n where_o be_v 2._o great_a bay_n or_o river_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v betwixt_o the_o main_a and_o the_o foresay_a island_n within_o belisle_n sail_n to_o croyswicke_n or_o croisill_n and_o the_o river_n of_o nantes_n call_v the_o loire_n croyswicke_n lie_v from_o belisle_n about_o 8._o dutch_a league_n east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o east_n north-east_n and_o from_o croyswicke_n to_o the_o river_n of_o loire_n it_o be_v about_o 3._o league_n he_o which_o will_v go_v up_o that_o river_n let_v he_o run_v along_o the_o shore_n of_o croyswicke_n 3._o cable_n length_n off_o to_o the_o pierce_a rock_n which_o he_o may_v look_v through_o like_o a_o great_a gate_n from_o thence_o let_v he_o keep_v still_o two_o cable_n length_n off_o the_o northern_a shore_n straight_o to_o the_o point_n whereon_o stand_v a_o sharp_a steeple_n until_o he_o be_v within_o the_o rock_n call_v les_fw-fr pourceaux_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o river_n betwixt_o the_o pierce_a rock_n and_o the_o steeple_n but_o when_o he_o be_v past_a s._n nazarethe_n steeple_n he_o may_v anchor_n in_o the_o channel_n at_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n where_o he_o must_v take_v in_o a_o pilotte_n to_o lead_v he_o up_o the_o loire_n unto_o nantes_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o plummet_n there_o lie_v bank_n to_o the_o seaward_o a_o league_n and_o
inwards_o south_n and_o by_o east_n after_o you_o be_v in_o you_o may_v turn_v up_o eastward_o where_o you_o have_v 4._o or_o 6._o fathom_n water_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o haven_n lie_v a_o island_n where_o stand_v a_o light_a tower_n which_o you_o must_v set_v south_n and_o by_o east_n from_o you_o as_o you_o sail_v in_o where_o it_o be_v 3._o fathom_n deep_a machichaco_n a_o good_a haven_n lie_v five_o league_n from_o bilbao_n west_n south_n west_n and_o south-west_n &_o by_o west_n which_o from_o the_o west_n side_n stretch_v inward_o southest_n and_o by_o east_n in_o 8._o or_o 9_o fathom_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o entry_n you_o shall_v find_v a_o rock_n which_o you_o must_v leave_v on_o the_o larbord_n side_n you_o may_v also_o sail_v in_o at_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o rock_n but_o there_o you_o have_v but_o 3._o fathom_n from_o the_o entry_n the_o haven_n be_v wide_a and_o broad_a and_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o channel_n at_o 8._o or_o 9_o fathom_n castro_n bear_v three_o league_n westward_o from_o machichaco_n &_o stretch_v inward_a westerly_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o entry_n stand_v a_o rock_n almost_o south-west_n which_o you_o may_v sail_v round_o about_o in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n the_o straightness_n bear_v up_o southerly_a you_o may_v turn_v in_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o cast_v anchor_n in_o the_o channel_n at_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n these_o port_n yield_v rosin_n chessenutte_n iron_n wool_n orange_n filbberdnutte_n and_o steel_n which_o be_v their_o trade_n a_o card_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o acason_n &_o biscay_n with_o their_o haven_n and_o open_v of_o their_o land_n hill_n and_o mountain_n *_o a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o laredo_n and_o sentillana_n laredo_n bear_v westward_o from_o castro_n five_o dutche_n league_n to_o enter_v the_o bay_n set_v s._n anthony_n hill_n south_n east_n from_o you_o and_o hale_v along_o s._n anthony_n shore_n until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o east_n point_n of_o the_o land_n then_o turn_v up_o eastward_o until_o you_o come_v to_o laredo_n where_o you_o may_v lay_v out_o anchor_n in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v bear_v into_o the_o haven_n within_o the_o two_o wall_n you_o must_v do_v it_o at_o high_a water_n for_o it_o be_v a_o port_n for_o bark_n and_o vessel_n of_o small_a burden_n there_o lie_v a_o shall_v amidst_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o haven_n where_o it_o be_v always_o very_o troublesome_a and_o may_v be_v sail_a about_o s._n ander_n lie_v four_o dutch_a league_n from_o s._n anthony_n mount_n hale_v along_o the_o west_n shore_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o great_a rock_n whereon_o stand_v a_o little_a house_n on_o either_o side_n whereof_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o s._n anders_n haven_n stretch_v in_o from_o the_o entrance_n northwest_o and_o have_v 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n water_n four_o dutch_a league_n from_o s._n ander_n lie_v s._n martyn_n it_o be_v very_o narrow_a as_o you_o come_v in_o and_o a_o bard_n haven_n and_o part_v itself_o inwards_o into_o two_o little_a stream_n five_o dutch_a league_n by_o west_n of_o s._n martyn_n stand_v s._n vincents_n who_o haven_n also_o be_v bar_v and_o have_v a_o rock_n stand_a westward_o of_o the_o entry_n and_o a_o little_a fillet_n or_o riff_o of_o sand_n from_o the_o east_n poyncte_fw-la you_o must_v sail_v in_o between_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o be_v narrow_a but_o within_o it_o be_v a_o round_a haven_n maintain_v by_o a_o little_a river_n three_o dutch_a league_n westward_o lie_v lhanes_n likewise_o a_o bard_n haven_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o which_o lie_v a_o bank_n sail_n in_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o it_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o little_a river_n in_o these_o country_n be_v great_a store_n of_o wool_n iron_n chessenutte_n orange_n steel_n and_o rosin_n of_o all_o which_o thing_n there_o be_v great_a traffic_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o byscuy_a between_o laredo_n and_o 〈◊〉_d even_o as_o they_o show_v when_o you_o pass_v before_o they_o a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o rio_n de_fw-fr sella_n and_o auiles_n fix_v dutch_a league_n westward_o of_o l'hanes_n lie_v rio_n de_fw-fr sella_n if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o haven_n mark_v the_o mast_n which_o stand_v upon_o the_o eastern_a shore_n near_o which_o you_o must_v enter_v because_o the_o west_n side_n be_v rocky_a and_o dangerous_a inward_n and_o be_v past_o the_o mast_n anchor_n before_o the_o town_n it_o be_v a_o bard_n haven_n villa_n viciosa_fw-la bear_v 10._o dutch_a league_n westward_o of_o rio_n de_fw-fr sella_n you_o must_v come_v in_o by_o the_o western_a shore_n because_o the_o eastern_a be_v slat_n and_o perilous_a right_o within_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n you_o shall_v find_v a_o little_a shall_v which_o appear_v at_o a_o low_a ebb_n this_o be_v likewise_o a_o bard_n haven_n the_o town_n stand_v on_o the_o west_n side_n whither_o you_o may_v sail_v &_o anchor_n in_o the_o large_a place_n six_o league_n from_o villa_n viciosa_fw-la westward_o lie_v sanpsons_n cape_n and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n thereof_o stand_v a_o little_a island_n with_o a_o small_a tower_n between_o these_o two_o be_v goodharborough_n and_o fair_a ground_n to_o anchor_n in_o at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o sanpson_n even_o right_o before_o the_o little_a port_n be_v likewise_o good_a ride_v in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n westward_o of_o sanpson_n lie_v gyon_n have_v a_o peer_n of_o stone_n under_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v lay_v their_o fisher_n boat_n a_o good_a dutch_a mile_n from_o thence_o westward_o be_v the_o bay_n of_o tores_n where_o be_v safe_a harbarough_n and_o 8._o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n on_o the_o cape_n stand_v a_o high_a tower_n two_o league_n far_o westward_o lie_v cape_n de_fw-fr pennas_fw-la from_o whence_o a_o rue_v of_o rock_n stretch_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n two_o league_n from_o thence_o stand_v auiles_n the_o best_a port_n of_o all_o these_o coast_n on_o the_o eastside_n thereof_o be_v a_o chapel_n near_o unto_o the_o point_n you_o must_v pass_v until_o you_o be_v within_o two_o rock_n where_o it_o be_v wide_a and_o broad_a by_o the_o west_n point_n there_o run_v up_o a_o little_a sandy_a riff_o along_o the_o shore_n reach_v inwards_o by_o the_o haven_n towards_o the_o town_n where_o it_o be_v very_a shoaldie_n on_o both_o side_n and_o on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o haven_n lie_v two_o great_a rock_n right_a against_o the_o little_a church_n that_o stand_v by_o the_o sandy_a bay_n there_o be_v in_o these_o coast_n far_o great_a plenty_n and_o store_n of_o fruit_n wine_n and_o other_o good_a merchandise_n than_o be_v in_o biscay_n the_o map_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o biscay_n between_o rio_n de_fw-fr sella_n &_o auiles_n very_o naughty_a haven_n for_o great_a ship_n jodocus_n hondiusfe_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o riba_n deos_fw-la biviero_n and_o lvarca_n from_o auiles_n unto_o luarca_n be_v six_o dutch_a league_n south-west_n and_o by_o west_n it_o be_v a_o haven_n for_o small_a ship_n and_o stretch_v southeast_n inward_o the_o eastside_n be_v dangerous_a but_o the_o west_n be_v good_a and_o fair_a riba_n deos_fw-la bear_v south-west_n and_o by_o west_n from_o luarca_n and_o be_v a_o good_a haven_n for_o all_o ship_n westward_o of_o it_o stand_v a_o sharp_a steeple_n and_o a_o little_a from_o thence_o into_o the_o sea_n lie_v a_o hide_a rock_n when_o you_o enter_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n two_o other_o tower_n come_v in_o sight_n at_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n the_o one_o on_o high_a the_o other_o below_o nigh_o the_o shore_n then_o conde_n through_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o channel_n until_o you_o come_v against_o the_o second_o or_o far_a tower_n within_o the_o haven_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n on_o both_o side_n at_o your_o pleasure_n but_o the_o west_n side_n be_v deep_a contain_v 4._o 5._o or_o 6._o fathom_n even_o up_o to_o riba_n deos_fw-la which_o stand_v upon_o a_o great_a bay_n the_o cape_n of_o brilo_n be_v six_o league_n northwest_o from_o riba_n deos._n westward_o from_o this_o cape_n stand_v s._n cyprian_n over_o against_o which_o lie_n two_o great_a round_a rock_n a_o league_n thence_o westward_o stand_v a_o island_n thwart_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o biviero_n which_o you_o may_v sail_v about_o on_o both_o side_n yet_o best_a roam_v in_o be_v on_o the_o west_n side_n where_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o point_n you_o may_v anchor_n at_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n two_o league_n to_o the_o west_n of_o s._n cyprian_n be_v s._n mark_v road_v which_o be_v a_o fair_a bay_n two_o league_n from_o thence_o be_v a_o
red_a point_n lie_v a_o great_a white_a rock_n when_o you_o have_v bring_v this_o rock_n right_a over_o the_o black_a point_n you_o be_v hard_o abourde_v the_o blind_a rock_n that_o lie_v thwart_v the_o channel_n of_o dartmouth_n yet_o near_o to_o the_o eastward_o but_o when_o you_o come_v to_o discern_v the_o key_n of_o the_o town_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o haven_n keep_v amid_o the_o channel_n until_o you_o may_v perfect_o see_v the_o same_o then_o hale_v inwards_o until_o you_o be_v within_o the_o two_o castle_n stand_v on_o the_o haven_n side_n and_o you_o shall_v go_v clear_a of_o the_o rock_n the_o haven_n be_v wide_o within_o you_o may_v turn_v westward_o and_o let_v fall_v anchor_n before_o the_o town_n or_o the_o brew-house_n where_o you_o listen_v three_o league_n eastward_o from_o thence_o be_v the_o road_n of_o torbay_n which_o be_v very_a self_n for_o a_o south-west_n wind_n you_o may_v likewise_o anchor_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o start_n where_o be_v good_a anchor_n hold_v in_o 8._o or_o 9_o fathan_fw-ge four_o league_n to_o the_o northward_o of_o torbay_n lie_v the_o bay_n of_o tynmouth_n a_o self_n harbour_n for_o a_o south_n wind_n where_o be_v also_o good_a ground_n for_o anker_a in_o 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n if_o you_o come_v out_o of_o the_o west_n into_o portland_n road_n hold_v on_o two_o cable_n length_n off_o alongst_o porteland_n shore_n and_o have_v past_o the_o point_n turn_v westward_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o be_v good_a road_n against_o a_o south_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n wind_n at_o 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n northward_o of_o portland_n lie_v a_o little_a bard_n haven_n call_v weymouth_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n if_o you_o will_v ride_v under_o s._n aldomes_n land_n shun_v the_o needle_n of_o shipman_n pool_n and_o so_o sail_v into_o the_o town_n which_o at_o a_o low_a water_n you_o have_v anker_v at_o 3._o fathom_n these_o port_n yield_v almost_o nothing_o else_o but_o wool_n and_o clothe_v the_o inhabitant_n do_v live_v chief_o upon_o graze_v a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o plymmouth_n &_o portland_n with_o the_o chief_a haven_n thereof_o according_a unto_o their_o situation_n a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o dover_n to_o go_v in_o at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o wight_n you_o must_v look_v well_o to_o the_o tide_n for_o the_o flood_n set_v very_o sore_o upon_o the_o needle_n and_o the_o ebb_n likewise_o westward_o upon_o the_o shingel_n and_o chalky_a rock_n which_o lie_v westward_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o it_o be_v very_o narrow_a between_o the_o needle_n and_o the_o shingel_n wherefore_o sail_n direct_o with_o the_o needle_n very_o near_o they_o and_o keep_v the_o inner_a point_n of_o the_o isle_n right_a without_o the_o needle_n and_o when_o you_o be_v so_o come_v within_o the_o needle_n bear_v somewhat_o off_o the_o island_n between_o the_o chesell_n &_o the_o isle_n point_n because_o of_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o warden_n which_o lie_v on_o wight-side_n near_o the_o shore_n then_o turn_v eastward_o over_o against_o calshorte_a you_o must_v cast_v anchor_n in_o 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o wight_n keep_v the_o castle_n right_a against_o the_o lime-kil_a that_o lie_v above_o portesmouth_n until_o that_o culuer_n cliff_n come_v within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o i_o will_v for_o than_o shall_v you_o have_v bring_v the_o lyme-kill_a to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n which_o you_o must_v so_o hold_v until_o the_o castle_n which_o stand_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o portesmouth_n do_v appear_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o then_o ply_v sometime_o towards_o saint_n helen_n abbey_n keep_n your_o mark_n in_o this_o sort_n you_o shall_v take_v no_o hurt_n on_o the_o shoalde_v or_o sand_n but_o if_o you_o can_v see_v the_o limekill_n then_o shall_v you_o keep_v the_o castle_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o culuer_n cliff_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v s._n helen_n church_n with_o out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o island_n a_o ship_n length_n then_o may_v you_o free_o sail_v northwest_o up_o without_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o riff_o or_o tayle-sand_n that_o lie_v out_o then_o keep_v the_o square_a tower_n between_o the_o east_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n and_o the_o castle_n until_o you_o may_v see_v the_o castle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o portesmouth_n eastward_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o may_v you_o go_v inwards_o the_o mark_n of_o these_o shoalds_z and_o flat_n be_v these_o viz._n the_o castle_n stand_a eastward_n of_o portesmouth_n and_o the_o square_a tower_n whereof_o i_o have_v now_o treat_v when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o lymekill_n so_o much_o to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o castle_n that_o you_o may_v but_o see_v betwixt_o they_o then_o be_v you_o upon_o a_o little_a shall_v which_o at_o low_a water_n have_v 5._o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o have_v you_o the_o castle_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n at_o the_o west_n corner_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o when_o the_o square_a tower_n that_o stand_v by_o east_n of_o portesmouth_n be_v bring_v westward_o of_o the_o castle_n then_o the_o castle_n by_o west_n of_o portesmouth_n stand_v at_o the_o wood_n west_n end_n you_o have_v there_o at_o high_a water_n 6._o fathom_n and_o when_o the_o square_a tower_n be_v see_v between_o the_o east_n end_n of_o portsmouth_n and_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o castle_n stand_v right_a betwixt_o the_o limekill_n and_o the_o tower_n &_o likewise_o when_o the_o castle_n on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n stand_v to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o wood_n then_o have_v you_o 11._o fathom_n at_o high_a water_n but_o when_o the_o limekill_n and_o portesmouth_n tower_n be_v one_o &_o the_o castle_n bear_v westward_o of_o the_o wood_n then_o have_v you_o 10._o fathom_n at_o high_a water_n and_o last_o when_o s._n helen_n lie_v south_n west_n and_o by_o west_n from_o you_o than_o the_o south_n east_n end_n of_o the_o shall_v bear_v north_n east_n and_o by_o north_n from_o you_o three_o league_n eastward_o of_o weenbridge_n lie_v arundel_n which_o be_v a_o bard_n haven_n &_o at_o half_a flood_n .2_o fathom_n deep_a you_o must_v go_v in_o by_o the_o west_n coast_n and_o let_v fall_v your_o anchor_n before_o the_o town_n in_o .5_o fathom_n four_o league_n from_o arundel_n stand_v new_a shoram_n the_o east_n side_n thereof_o have_v a_o gravel_o chesell_n where_o alonge_v you_o may_v sail_v in_o and_o in_o the_o entry_n you_o have_v .3_o fathan_fw-ge water_n at_o half_a flood_n in_o the_o midst_n before_o the_o haven_n lie_v rock_n under_o water_n the_o entry_n on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v wide_a and_o broad_a and_o be_v at_o half_a flood_n 2._o fathom_n deep_a the_o haven_n be_v large_a and_o broad_a within_o where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o cammer_n of_o rye_n shape_n your_o course_n alongst_o the_o shingel_n and_o when_o you_o shall_v be_v a_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shingel_n turn_v up_o towards_o the_o castle_n of_o winchelzey_n leave_v all_o the_o shore_n or_o shall_v mark_n on_o your_o starbord_v then_o let_v fall_v your_o anchor_n in_o the_o river_n of_o rye_n call_v the_o rother_n at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n for_o the_o cammer_n where_o in_o time_n past_a we_o be_v wont_a to_o lie_v be_v now_o foul_a &_o full_a of_o shoalde_n these_o country_n yield_v little_a else_o but_o wool_n clothe_v and_o fier-wood_n which_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n &_o dover_n with_o the_o principal_a haven_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o situation_n and_o appear_v *_o honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o mariners_z mirror_n contain_v in_o diverse_a perfect_a plot_n &_o sea_n charts_n both_o the_o northern_a and_o eastern_a navigation_n viz._n from_o the_o strait_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n the_o coast_n of_o england_n scotland_n norway_n emdenyutland_n a_o with_o all_o the_o sound_n of_o denmark_n &_o the_o baltic_a sea_n unto_o wiburgh_n and_o the_o name_n with_o their_o particular_a description_n trafik_n and_o commodity_n a_o perfect_n description_n and_o portrait_n of_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o england_n viz._n of_o thames_n the_o river_n of_o london_n and_o of_o all_o the_o sand_n bank_n flatte_n and_o shoalde_v unto_o harwich_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n and_o will_v pass_v within_o the_o goodwin_n to_o the_o foreland_n first_o shape_n your_o course_n north_n north-east_n
at_o the_o west_n side_n of_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o channel_n of_o well_n which_o have_v also_o buy_v in_o the_o entry_n burnam_n stand_v 4._o league_n westward_o of_o well_n where_o be_v shallaw_v water_n and_o the_o flat_n stretch_v far_o into_o the_o sea_n burnam_n channel_n lie_v inwards_o by_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v on_o the_o larbord_n side_n as_o you_o enter_v certain_a beacon_n to_o the_o westward_a lie_v a_o other_o road_n or_o channel_n of_o 3._o fathom_n depth_n call_v burneham_n pit_n about_o 3._o league_n thence_o to_o seawardes_o you_o have_v but_o 2._o fathom_n water_n if_o you_o will_v set_v towards_o linne_n go_v hard_o under_o s._n edmund_n chapel_n leave_v the_o shoalde_v call_v the_o sink_v which_o lie_v above_o water_n a_o seabord_v of_o you_o then_o hold_v on_o your_o course_n south_n and_o by_o west_n to_o the_o first_o buy_v that_o lie_v in_o the_o entry_n of_o linne_n the_o commodity_n and_o traffic_n that_o these_o coast_n yield_v be_v wool_n cloth_n and_o in_o some_o place_n wheat_n barley_n malt_n beer_n herring_n and_o sprat_n in_o exchange_n whereof_o much_o salt_n fish_n and_o linen_n cloth_n be_v bring_v thither_o and_o vent_v especial_o at_o linne_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o swedeland_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o westerwijck_n and_o the_o entrance_n of_o stockholm_n begin_v from_o kalmar_n unto_o the_o wigstone_n and_o the_o red_a kewe_n the_o which_o lie_v wtin_n the_o say_a entrance_n of_o stockholme_n all_o true_o do_v &_o invent_v by_o lucas_n janss_n wagenaer_n a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o coast_n and_o channel_n of_o linne_n hull_n filey_n scarborough_n with_o the_o shoald_n and_o bank_n adjoin_v if_o you_o will_v sail_v from_o welles_n to_o the_o haven_n of_o lynne_n keep_v the_o high_a flat_a tower_n between_o the_o two_o other_o high_a tower_n then_o be_v you_o in_o the_o right_a way_n to_o lynne_n when_o s._n edmund_n chapel_n bear_v east_n from_o you_o and_o the_o tree_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o innermost_a point_n do_v come_v on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o chapel_n than_o shape_n your_o course_n in_o southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n towards_o the_o first_o buy_v for_o now_o be_v you_o enter_v the_o eastern_a channel_n of_o lynne_n from_o thence_o hold_v south_n south-west_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n to_o the_o first_o beacon_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o second_o south_n southwest_n and_o so_o forth_o unto_o the_o three_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n then_o your_o course_n lie_v by_o two_o buy_v southwest_n and_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n till_o you_o be_v within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o land_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v conde_n between_o the_o shoalde_n to_o the_o west_n entry_n or_o channel_n and_o out_o again_o by_o the_o buy_v and_o eye_n mark_n this_o channel_n lie_v to_o the_o seawardes_n north-east_n and_o north-east_n and_o by_o east_n but_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v bostons_n channel_n set_v towards_o the_o coast_n of_o skegnesse_n bear_v in_o hard_a aboard_o the_o shore_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v clear_a of_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o drose_a or_o ellen-knocke_a when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o three_o tree_n southward_o of_o somcall_n or_o of_o the_o sharp_a steeple_n then_o ellen-knocke_a stand_v so_o seawardes_o from_o you_o and_o then_o may_v you_o bear_v up_o alonge_v the_o coast_n of_o leak_n in_o 3._o fathom_n water_n into_o the_o river_n of_o bostone_n but_o you_o may_v return_v back_o again_o to_o sea_n between_o ellen-knock_a and_o long_a sand_n in_o 3._o fathom_n water_n east_n north-east_n and_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o channel_n of_o humber_n hale_v in_o alonge_v the_o northern_a point_n of_o sprunhead_n because_o the_o southside_n be_v flat_a and_o full_a of_o shoalde_n but_o be_v enter_v a_o little_a way_n borrow_v of_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n towards_o grimsby_n within_o the_o shall_v where_o you_o may_v ride_v in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v go_v far_o in_o up_o to_o hull_n keep_v on_o west_n northwest_n alongst_o by_o the_o southside_n to_o the_o furthermost_a end_n of_o the_o shoalde_a then_o turn_v northward_o into_o the_o river_n where_o after_o you_o be_v enter_v you_o must_v hold_v west_n southwest_n and_o west_n and_o by_o south_n bridlingstone_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o bay_n where_o be_v safe_a harbour_n for_o a_o north_n and_o a_o northwest_o wind_n three_o league_n to_o the_o northward_o of_o flamburgh_n lie_v the_o bay_n of_o filey_n where_o you_o may_v safe_o anchor_n for_o a_o north_n northeast_n wind_n between_o the_o peer_n and_o filey_n bridge_n which_o be_v a_o rock_n that_o lie_v under_o water_n at_o a_o spring_n tide_n scarbrough_n bear_v two_o league_n northward_o of_o filay_n and_o have_v two_o peer_n wherein_o you_o may_v cast_v anchor_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o sand_n at_o low_a water_n the_o traffic_n of_o these_o part_n be_v barley_n malt_n wheat_n and_o course_n clothes_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o burnam_n &_o scarborough_n as_o that_o land_n and_o coast_n lie_v &_o appear_v a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o northermost_a coast_n of_o england_n where_o the_o river_n of_o newcastle_n be_v the_o chief_a haven_n from_o scarborough_n to_o whitby_n you_o have_v 4._o league_n north_n west_n and_o by_o west_n the_o haven_n or_o river_n be_v bar_v southwards_o of_o the_o haven_n stretch_v out_o a_o shoalde_a half_a a_o league_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v to_o whitby_n bear_v in_o between_o two_o beakon_n till_o you_o come_v between_o two_o land_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o somewhat_o shallow_a hertlepole_n lie_v from_o whitby_n 7._o league_n westward_o thereof_o be_v a_o great_a bay_n or_o river_n call_v the_o teis_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a haven_n and_o stretch_v inwards_o to_o the_o west_n south-west_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o it_o you_o have_v 30._o fathom_n water_n but_o far_a inward_n before_o sockton_n not_o above_o 4._o fathom_n the_o cape_n or_o point_n of_o sonderland_n lie_v seven_o league_n northward_o from_o hartlepole_n two_o league_n from_o thence_o more_o northward_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o tinmouth_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o newcastle_n the_o mark_n to_o enter_v be_v when_o two_o watch_n tower_n and_o the_o wood_n be_v bring_v in_o one_o by_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o and_o out_o until_o you_o come_v before_o the_o town_n where_o you_o have_v 3._o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a but_o in_o the_o entry_n only_o 2._o fathom_n at_o half_a flood_n cocket_a island_n be_v 7._o league_n from_o tinmouth_n north_n north_n west_n which_o you_o may_v sail_v round_o about_o and_o may_v cast_v anchor_n salfe_o at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n in_o these_o coast_n and_o special_o at_o newcastle_n be_v marvellous_a great_a traffic_n for_o sea_n coles_n which_o be_v transport_v thence_o to_o other_o country_n it_o do_v yield_v also_o barley_n wheat_n malt_n and_o course_n clothes_n the_o card_n of_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o whitbye_n unto_o coket_n i_o will_v a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o bambourgh_n and_o aberdyne_n holley_n island_n bear_v 4._o league_n north_n north_n west_n from_o coket_n isle_n and_o have_v in_o the_o southside_n thereof_o a_o bay_n wherein_o be_v self_n ride_v at_o 3._o or_o 4._o fathom_n but_o best_o ride_v be_v before_o the_o castle_n between_o the_o west_n point_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o holy_a island_n be_v 2._o rock_n one_o opposite_a to_o another_o call_v the_o plough_n and_o the_o goldstone_n bring_v dunstabourgh_n one_o with_o bambourgh_n and_o so_o sail_v out_o betwixt_o they_o barwick_n lie_v from_o thence_o five_o league_n west_n northwest_n if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o haven_n set_v the_o two_o beacon_n on_o your_o starboard_n and_o so_o hold_v on_o to_o the_o city_n from_o thence_o five_o league_n north_n northwest_n lie_v s._n tabbe_v head_n the_o isle_n of_o basse_fw-fr be_v four_o league_n distant_a from_o s._n tabbe_v head_n west_n northwest_n whither_o from_o the_o farthermost_a point_n of_o the_o staple_n you_o have_v 6._o league_n northwest_o from_o s._n tabbe_v head_n to_o may_v island_n four_o league_n northwest_n and_o north_n west_n and_o by_o north_n from_o may_n to_o fisnes_n one_o league_n northeast_n and_o by_o east_n basse_fw-fr bear_v south_n west_n &_o south_n west_n and_o by_o south_n from_o may_n two_o great_a league_n and_o but_o one_o from_o the_o western_a shore_n brant_n island_n stand_v to_o the_o westward_o and_o west_n &_o by_o northward_a of_o bass_n three_o league_n by_o the_o south_n side_n of_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v three_o league_n westward_o of_o brant_n isle_n lie_v edenbrough_n the_o chief_a mart_n of_o all_o
scotland_n s._n andrews_n bay_n bear_v northward_o of_o fisnes_n where_o be_v self_n harbour_n for_o a_o western_a wind_n from_o s._n andrews_n three_o league_n northward_o lie_v the_o river_n of_o donde_n which_o stretch_v direct_o in_o from_o the_o sea_n &_o may_v anchor_n before_o the_o city_n of_o donde_n a_o little_a far_o in_o stand_v a_o town_n call_v s._n johns_n there_o lie_v also_o a_o rock_n call_v the_o scaepe_fw-la before_o the_o river_n mouth_n about_o half_a a_o league_n off_o the_o shore_n south_n eastward_o from_o donde_n two_o league_n to_o the_o north_n eastward_o of_o donde_n stand_v a_o high_a tower_n upon_o the_o point_n call_v albror_n from_o whence_o lie_v the_o haven_n of_o manros_n two_o league_n to_o the_o northward_a where_o on_o both_o side_n be_v clear_a ground_n and_o you_o may_v safe_o enter_v amid_o the_o channel_n and_o turn_v up_o northward_o may_v anchor_n before_o the_o city_n from_o manros_n you_o have_v three_o league_n northeast-ward_n to_o the_o cape_n or_o point_n call_v seynhooft_v whereon_o stand_v a_o castle_n and_o two_o league_n northward_o from_o thence_o lie_v the_o port_n of_o aberdyne_n the_o west_n side_n be_v foul_a but_o eastward_o it_o be_v good_a and_o fair_a enter_v therefore_o hard_a a_o board_n the_o east_n shore_n till_o you_o come_v into_o the_o haven_n in_o the_o entry_n there_o be_v 3._o fathom_n water_n and_o you_o may_v anchor_n before_o the_o city_n in_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n from_o these_o coast_n be_v transport_v course_n scottish_a clothes_n frise_n sea_n coal_n and_o some_o barley_n and_o malt_n which_o be_v the_o commodity_n of_o those_o port_n a_o description_n of_o the_o coast_n between_o bamburgh_n &_o aberdeine_n whereof_o edinburgh_n be_v the_o chief_a martrowne_n a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o southermost_a part_n of_o norway_n and_o of_o the_o coast_n adjoin_v if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o naze_n of_o norway_n enter_v westward_o thereof_o north_n northwest_n leave_v the_o rock_n call_v the_o bishop_n boden_v on_o your_o larbord_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v clear_a of_o the_o same_o you_o must_v careful_o as_o you_o go_v inward_o beware_v of_o another_o rock_n that_o lie_v under_o water_n but_o within_o it_o you_o shall_v cast_v anchor_n right_a against_o a_o white_a church_n if_o you_o will_v enter_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o maensounde_a sail_n in_o north_n north_n east_n but_o shun_v the_o rock_n which_o lie_v under_o water_n on_o the_o starborde_n about_o the_o innermost_a isle_n and_o be_v clear_a of_o they_o anchor_n in_o .9_o or_o .10_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o clooffe_o keep_v the_o cow_n and_o calf_n north_n north_n east_n from_o you_o and_o sail_v in_o westward_o of_o melou_n but_o shun_v the_o rock_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o fair_a midway_n and_o let_v fall_v anchor_n in_o 15._o or_o 16._o fathom_n by_o the_o west_n shore_n within_o the_o point_n and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o melou_n you_o may_v go_v to_o schaersounde_v and_o oedendale_a if_o you_o will_v bear_v in_o with_o the_o western_a haven_n of_o vlecker_n or_o flecorie_n conde_n a_o long_a the_o out_o schaer_n of_o heiligen_n sound_n and_o when_o the_o bay_n of_o vlecker_n open_v before_o you_o north_n north_n east_n then_o hold_v in_o between_o the_o island_n and_o the_o main_a anchor_n in_o 15._o or_o 16._o fathom_n against_o the_o rock_n whereon_o stand_v a_o pair_n of_o gallow_n the_o eastern_a entry_n stretch_v inwards_o west_n northwest_n and_o you_o may_v see_v the_o bay_n call_v the_o vos_fw-fr open_a before_o you_o set_v all_o the_o black_a rock_n on_o the_o starrebord_n and_o the_o rock_n with_o the_o two_o high_a stony_a beacon_n which_o be_v call_v warder_n on_o the_o larbordside_n and_o so_o sail_v inward_o but_o if_o you_o will_v set_v towards_o reperwicke_n keep_v the_o two_o sharp_a rock_n stand_v upon_o wolfsound_n on_o the_o starbord_v and_o the_o three_o warder_n with_o all_o the_o rock_n on_o the_o larbord_n and_o continue_v your_o course_n so_o in_o northward_o but_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o point_n turn_v up_o westward_o where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o 10._o fathom_n the_o eastern_a entry_n of_o wolfsounde_a stretch_v inwards_o northwest_o you_o must_v leave_v the_o great_a rock_n to_o the_o westward_o whereon_o stand_v a_o high_a warder_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o wolfsounde_a be_v three_o warder_n turn_v in_o westward_o where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o 25._o fathom_n you_o may_v also_o pass_v betwixt_o the_o rock_n to_o old_a hill_n sound_n which_o lie_v inward_o west_n northwest_o amersounde_a lie_v north_n north-east_n in_o and_o you_o may_v anchor_n behind_o the_o island_n near_o unto_o the_o high_a warder_n 30._o fathom_n depth_n the_o eastern_a gate_n or_o entry_n of_o amersounde_a lie_v northwest_n and_o southeast_n westward_o thereof_o stand_v a_o rock_n with_o a_o high_a warder_n on_o it_o the_o isle_n of_o hesnes_n have_v two_o warder_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v there_o very_o deep_a but_o towards_o the_o little_a church_n be_v not_o so_o deep_a viz._n 30._o fathom_n you_o may_v sail_v within_o the_o rock_n to_o mardou_n and_o when_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o holmen_n be_v northwest_n they_o you_o be_v before_o mardou_n the_o isle_n of_o mardou_n have_v two_o high_a warder_n upon_o it_o hold_v on_o between_o the_o nie-holmen_a and_o the_o island_n where_o lie_v also_o a_o suncken_a rock_n near_o unto_o the_o say_a isle_n and_o be_v past_o the_o point_n edge_n north_n northwest_n into_o the_o great_a bay_n and_o anchor_n therein_o 30._o fathom_n you_o have_v in_o the_o eastern_a entry_n of_o mardou_n but_o 3._o fathom_n water_n and_o it_o lie_v outward_o and_o inwards_o east_n north-east_n and_o west_n southwest_n be_v within_o the_o island_n you_o may_v cast_v anchor_n in_o 12._o or_o 13._o fathom_n from_o all_o these_o haven_n be_v transport_v great_a store_n of_o oaken_a beam_n rafter_n rail_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o oaken_a wood_n and_o timber_n and_o some_o saw_v board_n and_o plank_n which_o in_o the_o low_a country_n be_v much_o employ_v in_o building_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o norway_n as_o they_o do_v appear_v 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o situation_n between_o der_n noess_n &_o mardon_n a_o plain_a description_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o eastern_a sea_n coast_n of_o norway_n and_o the_o country_n adjoin_v if_o you_o will_v enter_v tromsounde_v you_o may_v sail_v in_o beyond_o mardou_n through_o the_o fair_a channel_n on_o the_o northside_n stand_v two_o warder_n upon_o a_o high_a hill_n where_o you_o may_v let_v fall_n anchor_n or_o sail_v on_o far_a to_o mardou_n behind_o trom_n island_n if_o you_o will_v bear_v in_o with_o oxefoort_n keep_v alongst_o under_o the_o rock_n of_o tromsounde_a and_o go_v first_o northwards_o and_o have_v bring_v the_o long_a rock_n on_o the_o larbord_n hold_v on_o still_o northward_o when_o you_o be_v a_o little_a way_n enter_v you_o shall_v find_v a_o rock_n under_o water_n in_o the_o very_a entry_n which_o you_o must_v bring_v on_o your_o starbord_v then_o continue_v your_o course_n until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o western_a point_n where_o also_o lie_v a_o rock_n under_o water_n near_o the_o point_n and_o from_o thence_o sail_v to_o the_o west_n and_o west_n and_o by_o north_n towards_o the_o high_a land_n to_o the_o eastern_a shore_n where_o stand_v a_o high_a warder_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o 20._o or_o 25._o fathom_n between_o oxefoorte_n and_o santfort_n lie_v longen_n on_o the_o eastern_a side_n stand_v a_o mast_n with_o a_o ton_n on_o it_o hence_o off_o two_o league_n be_v santforde_n thwart_o which_o alonge_v in_o the_o sea_n lie_v a_o bank_n which_o in_o some_o place_n have_v but_o 3._o or_o 4._o fathom_n water_n and_o end_v about_o west_n kiell_n west_n kiell_n lie_v in_o northward_o and_o you_o may_v enter_v hard_a by_o the_o out_o rock_n of_o jofferlande_n and_o may_v sail_v about_o the_o say_a island_n or_o anchor_n behind_o it_o in_o 15._o or_o 20._o fathom_n longsande_n bear_v from_o that_o island_n a_o great_a league_n north_n north-east_n king_n haven_n stretch_v inwards_o north_n northwest_n where_o be_v 30._o fathom_n sound_v hale_v inwards_o alonge_v the_o ragged_a point_n from_o whence_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o baer_n lie_v not_o far_o but_o if_o you_o will_v go_v to_o the_o nesse_n be_v clear_a of_o the_o great_a rock_n whereon_o stand_v a_o high_a warder_n on_o your_o starbord_v you_o may_v sail_v between_o the_o old_a longsande_n and_o the_o say_a rock_n through_o into_o the_o nesse_n pass_v by_o the_o ragged_a isle_n and_o anchor_n there_o in_o 20._o or_o 30._o fathom_n from_o longsande_n set_v east_n north-east_n to_o farder_n between_o which_o lie_v larwicke_n stawangen_n and_o tonsbargen_n but_o bast_n bear_v northward_o
bear_v in_o 2._o fathom_n you_o may_v also_o go_v in_o there_o by_o your_o plumet_n and_o cast_v anchor_n when_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o point_n for_o all_o the_o whole_a channel_n be_v crooked_a sound_a ground_n therefore_o assoon_o as_o you_o be_v within_o the_o point_n cast_v anchor_n you_o may_v likewise_o take_v your_o course_n towards_o fanu_n in_o 3._o fathom_n and_o so_o enter_v alongst_o the_o south_n coast_n there_o lie_v inward_a a_o river_n or_o creek_n up_o into_o the_o land_n whereupon_o stand_v a_o little_a tower_n call_v wooer_n or_o woerd_n and_o on_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o river_n boyer_n be_v lade_v assoon_o as_o you_o be_v within_o graew_n diep_v there_o lie_v a_o long_a sandy_a hill_n call_v langleg_n hale_v in_o alonge_v that_o sand_n and_o leave_v it_o on_o your_o larbord_n knutse_fw-la diep_n lie_v from_o graews_n diep_v two_o great_a league_n where_o two_o land_n mark_n stand_v upon_o a_o dry_a shall_v which_o you_o must_v set_v almost_o east_n southeast_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n and_o when_o they_o be_v one_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o first_o buy_v from_o whence_o hold_v on_o to_o the_o second_o east_n southeast_n until_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o land_n mark_n then_o have_v you_o also_o on_o the_o larbord_v side_n a_o little_a shall_v when_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o same_o turn_v up_o northward_o towards_o the_o beacon_n and_o cast_a anchor_n in_o 3._o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n there_o lie_v the_o ship_n that_o be_v bind_v outward_a from_o rypen_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o fanu_n be_v two_o indifferent_a high_a white_a down_n and_o be_v call_v the_o southern_a head_n on_o the_o north_n side_n stand_v a_o broad_a tower_n whereby_o the_o coast_n be_v very_o easy_o know_v about_o a_o great_a league_n southward_o of_o fanu_n lie_v a_o little_a round_a island_n call_v manu_fw-la from_o whence_o stretch_v a_o flat_a about_o a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a into_o the_o seaward_o as_o much_o southward_n from_o thence_o bear_v the_o isle_n of_o rhyme_n which_o be_v two_o league_n long_o from_o thence_o two_o league_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v shallow_a water_n the_o diep_n of_o rypen_n go_v in_o between_o rhyme_n and_o manu_fw-la which_o be_v nought_o and_o all_o flat_a and_o now_o a_o day_n not_o use_v by_o such_o as_o travel_v to_o rypen_n silt_n be_v distant_a from_o rym_a a_o league_n between_o these_o island_n go_v in_o the_o best_a diep_n or_o channel_n of_o all_o jutland_n for_o when_o the_o water_n be_v low_a it_o be_v 5._o or_o 6._o fathom_n deep_a and_o stretch_v inward_n most_o east_n southeast_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n on_o the_o northpart_n of_o sylt_n be_v a_o high_a red_a cliff_n whereon_o stand_v a_o church_n build_v minster_n like_a and_o a_o mill_n but_o within_o silt_v you_o may_v peceive_v a_o little_a island_n whereon_o stand_v a_o house_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v that_o house_n about_o a_o cable_n length_n northward_o of_o the_o northcoast_n of_o sylt_n and_o the_o black_a inland_n begin_v to_o cover_v the_o red_a cliff_n and_o to_o take_v it_o from_o your_o sight_n then_o be_v you_o come_v to_o the_o entrance_n and_o then_o sail_v in_o east_n southeast_n until_o you_o be_v within_o the_o rust_n which_o be_v leave_v on_o the_o starbord_v side_n and_o be_v past_o it_o you_o have_v yet_o two_o other_o small_a shoalde_n by_o the_o point_n of_o sylt_n from_o whence_o run_v down_o a_o violent_a and_o mighty_a stream_n towards_o the_o north_n coast_n in_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 10._o 11._o and_o 12._o fathom_n deep_a then_o turn_v up_o towards_o the_o house_n almost_o southeast_n and_o you_o shall_v perceive_v in_o sylt_n a_o house_n which_o be_v the_o admiralles_n whether_o you_o must_v direct_v your_o course_n and_o cast_a anchor_n for_o there_o be_v safe_a ride_v in_o all_o weather_n but_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v up_o to_o lutk_n tonderen_n you_o must_v there_o take_v in_o a_o pilot_n which_o must_v sound_v the_o channel_n your_o course_n from_o hence_o to_o tonderen_n lie_v east_n southeast_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n you_o may_v also_o go_v in_o by_o the_o shall_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o rhyme_n sound_v as_o you_o pass_v in_o 3._o or_o 4._o fathom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o little_a entry_n hard_o by_o sylt_n which_o you_o may_v pass_v into_o under_o the_o same_o island_n but_o when_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o rust_n turn_v towards_o rym_n and_o sail_n then_o upon_o the_o mark_n your_o course_n lie_v from_o the_o vlie_a to_o numit_v north_n northeast_n more_o easterly_a 40._o league_n from_o the_o vlie_n to_o scelenckrooge_n you_o have_v xxxiiii_o league_n northeast_n and_o by_o north_n from_o the_o vlie_n to_o knuyt_n diep_v your_o course_n be_v northeast_n and_o most_o northerly_a 32._o league_n and_o this_o be_v your_o way_n to_o ripen_v from_o the_o vlie_n to_o sylt_n your_o course_n lie_v north-east_n 30._o league_n out_o of_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o beef_n barley_n malt_n fat_a suet_n tallow_n and_o such_o like_a the_o situation_n of_o 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o â—avens_n river_n shoald_n and_o 〈…〉_o from_o boevenberger_n unto_o the_o i_o will_v of_o silt_n ¶_o a_o exact_v and_o most_o diligent_a description_n of_o eyderste_fw-mi ditmer_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n adjoin_v with_o their_o true_a site_n and_o distance_n to_o sail_n from_o holy_a land_n to_o list_n or_o silt_v deep_o your_o course_n be_v north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o west_n until_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o shall_v call_v amerenborne_a which_o lie_v out_o in_o seven_o or_o viij_o fathom_n depth_n almost_o west_n south_n west_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ameren_n from_o whence_o set_v north_n north_n east_n vi_fw-la or_o seven_o league_n toward_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sylt_n or_o list_v how_o this_o channel_n be_v to_o be_v enter_v the_o former_a chart_fw-la do_v sufficient_o instruct_v you_o there_o be_v also_o a_o little_a deep_a near_o the_o south_n shore_n of_o sylt_n fit_a for_o small_a vessel_n and_o fisher_n boat_n which_o at_o half_a flood_n have_v about_o two_o fathom_n water_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o entry_n lie_v a_o shall_v alongst_o the_o isle_n of_o ameren_n and_o from_o thence_o stretch_v down_o almost_o 11._o league_n and_o a_o half_a into_o the_o sea_n where_o you_o have_v iiii_o or_o v._o fathom_n by_o night_n you_o can_v come_v no_o near_o this_o shall_v then_o in_o 7._o fathom_n water_n for_o about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o island_n it_o lie_v above_o water_n and_o you_o may_v anchor_n under_o the_o same_o in_o x._o or_o xi_o fathom_n then_o may_v you_o see_v ameren_n almost_o half_a a_o league_n from_o you_o east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o north._n but_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v north_n east_n from_o you_o or_o north_n east_n and_o by_o east_n you_o be_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o shall_v and_o may_v borrow_v of_o the_o shore_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n then_o sail_v in_o between_o ameren_n and_o the_o say_v shall_v north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n towards_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o island_n but_o about_o ameren_n you_o must_v go_v with_o your_o lead_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v it_o southward_o of_o you_o where_o you_o shall_v anchor_n between_o the_o shoalde_n of_o sylt_n and_o ameren_n which_o be_v both_o dry_a at_o low_a water_n there_o be_v safe_a ride_v in_o fyve_o or_o syxe_v fathom_n at_o half_a flood_n for_o any_o wind_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o you_o be_v put_v to_o anchor_n under_o the_o same_o with_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v much_o water_n bring_v the_o north_n part_n of_o ameren_n north_n and_o by_o east_n from_o you_o and_o hold_v on_o to_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o ameren_n until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o shall_v where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o what_o place_n you_o listen_v because_o it_o be_v there_o deep_a enough_o this_o entry_n be_v call_v the_o red_a deep_a if_o come_v from_o the_o sea_n you_o will_v sail_v in_o here_o set_v the_o high_a down_n of_o ameren_n south_n east_n sail_v in_o between_o the_o shall_v and_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o narrow_a deep_o call_v small_a deep_a until_o you_o be_v come_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o ameren_n and_o borrow_v alongst_o of_o the_o shore_n in_o vi_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o north_n point_n of_o the_o island_n and_o set_v the_o island_n south_n from_o you_o but_o this_o entry_n be_v not_o for_o ship_n of_o burden_n the_o fisherman_n of_o voren_n do_v use_v this_o place_n both_o for_o their_o go_v in_o and_o out_o on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o sylt_n and_o if_o you_o will_v bear_v in_o with_o small_a deep_a bring_v the_o tower_n of_o pielworman_n east_n and_o by_o north_n