come flocking al on a deaw so shaking the moisture vppon the Church doo purge it Then they rouse their feathers afterwarde as hauing doone their deuotion depart again Here vppon it is reported y â— Diomedes coÌ„panions were â—urned into birds Certainely before y â— comming of y â— Aetolian Captaine they were not called Diomedes birds but euer since they haue had that name The running forth of Italy through the Lâ—burnians which are a people that came out of Asia extendeth to the foote of Dalmatia and Dalmatia vnto the borders of Illyrick in which coast y â— Dardanians haue their dwelling a people descended of the line of Troy but growne wilde and sauage and degenerated into barbarous manners On the otherside it extendeth by the marches of Lombardie vnto the Prouince of Narbone in which the Phocenses beeing in olde time chased out of theyr Countrey by the comming of the Persians builded the Cittie of Marsills in y e fiue and forteth Olympiâ—d Caius Marius in the tyme of the warre against the Cymbrians did let in y e Sea in Channels made wyth mans hand mittigated the dangerous sayling of the riuer Rhone which faling down froÌ„ the Alps rusheth first through Swicerland carying with him a nuÌ„ber of waters that meete him by the way and afterward by his continuall encrease becommeth more troublesome then the very Sea wherinto it falleth vnlesse it bee when the Sea is raised with the wyndes Rhone is rough euen in calme wether and therefore they account him among the greatest Ryuers of Europe In the same place also florished Sexties bathes sometimâ— the Consulles winter garrison and afterward garnished with walles the feruent heate whereof beeing breathed out is vanished awaie by continuaunce of time and it is not nowe according to the auncient report thereof If we haue a mind to the Greekes it is best to looke to the Seacoast of Tarent from whence that is to saie from the Promontorie or Headlonde which they call * Acra Iapigia is the shortest cutt for such as wil sayle to Achaya-ward CAP. VIII Of certaine base Iles of the Tyrrhene Sea which lye against Italy Of Corsica and of the stone Catochites FRom hence our style is to bee directed another waie and other lands call vs to treate of their matters it were a long péece of woorke to goe leysurelie along the Seacoast to all the Ilandes that face the Promontories of Italy although for that they bee scattered in most delectable outnookes and set by nature as it were to the shewe they were not to be omitted But how farre should I steppe aside if delaying the chiefe thinges I should of a certaine slothfulnesse treate of Pandataria or of Prochita or Ilba plentifull of yron or Capraria which the Greekes call Aegila or Planasia so called of the leuelnesse of the Sea or of Vlisses straying or * Dooue Ilande the mother of the byrdes that beare that name or Ithacesia which is reported to haue been the watch towre of Vlisses or Anaria named of Homer Iuarimee and other no lesse fruitfull then these Among which manie hauing some what more largely treated of Corsica in wryting haue moste exquisitlie comprised it to the full and nothing is omitted which were not superfluous to be touched againe As howe the Ligurians sent first inhabiters thither how towns were there builded How Marius and Sylla sent people a newe to refresh it and howe it is beaten vpon with the salt-Saltwater of the Lygustick sea But let all this géere passe Neuerthelesse the Country of Corsica which is a peculiar thing to that land doth onely bring forth the stone which they call Catochites most worthie to be spoken of It is bigger theÌ„ the rest that are ordeined to decking and it is not so much a Iewell as a common stone If a man lay his handes vppon it it holdeth them downe so fastening it selfe vnto seuerall substances that it cleaueth to the thinges that it is touched of For there is in it I cannot tell what a kinde of clammy glew and gummishnesse I haue heard say that Dâ—mocritus the Abderite didde oftentimes vse to boast of this stone to proue the hid power of nature in the contentions that he hadde against the wyzardes CAP. IX Of the Ile Sardinia of the Shonnsunne of the hearbe Sardonia and of the wonderfull power of waters SArdinia which we reade of in Timaeus by the name of Sandaliotes and in Chrysippus by the name of Ichnusa is sufficiently knowen in what Sea it lyeth and who were firste inhabiters thereof Wherefore it is to no purpose to tell howe Sardus was begotten of Hercules and Norax of Mercurie and howe the one comming from Lybye and the other from as far as Tartesus in Spaine into these quarters the Lande tooke his name of Sardus the Towne of Nora tooke his name of Norax Or howe anon after Aristaeus reigning ouer them vnited the people of bothe the races together into the next Cittie Caralis which himselfe had builded and knitt the two sundry Nations which hetherto had béene disseuered together into one order of lyuing in such sorte as the strangnesse thereof made them not disdaine to become hys Subiects This Aristaeus also begatte Ioâ—aus who inhabited the Countrie thereabouts Further more wée wyll passe ouer both the Ilians and Locrines Sardinia is without Serpents But looke what noysomnesse Serpents bring to other places the same noysomnesse bringeth the Shonsunne to the Countrey of Sardinia It is a verie little Worme and like to a Spyder in shape and it is called a Shonsunne because it shunneth the daie light It lyeth moste in Syluer Mynes for the soile of that Land is rich of Siluer It tréepeth priuily and casteth the plague vppon such as sitte vpon it vnwares To the furtheraunce of thys mischiefe cometh also the Hearbe Sardonia which groweth much more plentifully theÌ„ néedeth in groues where springes runne If it be eaten it draweth together the sinewes and wryeth the mouth so y â— such as thereby draw vnto death doo die with resemblance of laughter Contrariwise all the waters of that Ile doo serue to diuers commodities The standing pooles are full of fish The Winters rayne is kept to releeue the Sommers browght and the Men of Sardinia haue much aduauntage of raynie water For they gather it and kéepe it in store that it may doo them ease when the springes faile them which serued them for theyr meate drinke In some places doo bubble vp warme and holesâ—me springes which serue for cures in knitting of broken bones or expulsing y â— poysonâ—e sheadded by the Shonsunnes or in dryuing away diseases of the eyes But those that remedy y â— eyes haue power also to discouer théeues For whosoeuer denyeth the theft wyth an oath washeth his eyes with thys water If hys oath bee true his sight becommeth the clearer if he forsware
the nature of Fishes they onely mooue theyr tongues They haue sharpe prickes on their backes which stand vppe stife when they be mooued to anger and are hidden as it were in a sheath wheÌ„ their minds be quiet Men say they dont not in the water nor take any breath but aboue in the aire When y e Northwind bloweth they be light of hearing contrariwise thick of hearing wheÌ„ y e wind is in the South They delight in Musicke reioysing to heare shalmes whersoeuer is harmonie thither floâ—k they together in heards In the raign of Augustus a boy in Campane first trayned a Dolphin w t shiuers of bread did so much by custom that he was contented to be fedde by hand Afterward when y e boy wexed bold in playing with him he carryed him froÌ„ the land into y e lake of Laurine beare the boy as it were on horsback froÌ„ the shore of y â— bay vnto Puteolis This was doone many yeeres together so long til y e continual beholding therof made it to séeme no wonder But when the lad was dead the Dolphin mourning for y e want of him died for sorow in y â— sight of al men I wold be lâ—â—he to vouch this thing but y â— it is registred in y e wrytings of Mecaenas Fabian many others Anon after vppon the seacoast of Affrick at Hippon Dyarrhyton a Dolphin beeing fed by y e men of Hippon offred himself to be handled and euer now an then caried such as were set vpoÌ„ his back And this thing was not doon by y e peoples hands only for Flauianus y e Proconsul of Affrick handled him himselfe and anointed him w t ointments insomuch as the Dolphin being cast a sléepe with y â— strangnes of the smell was tumbled hither thither for dead and many monethes after desisted froÌ„ his accustomed kéeping of coÌ„pany At Iassus a cittie of Babilon a Dolphin fel in loue with a lad in folowing him ouer eagerly after their accustomed sporting together shot himself into y e sand and there stuck fast Alexander y e great interpreting it to haue béene y â— loue of the God of the sea made the lad chiefe priest to Neptune nere vnto y e said citty as Egesidemus maketh report Another childe named Hirmias likewise riding on a Dolphins back in the sea being drowned by violence of the waues was caryed backe againe to lande by the Dolphin who tooke such repentance that he punished the fact with wilfull death and neuer returned more into the Sea There are store of other such examples yet I wyll not speake of Arion whose aduenture is credibly auouched by Chronicles Furthermore if theyr yong pygs at any time playe the wantons theyr auncients sette one of the elder sorte to be guyde ouer the Hearde by whose instruction they learne to slippe from the assault of greater fishes that rush in vppon them howbeit that in those Seas there be very few great Fyshes except it be the Seale In Pontus there is great store of Tunnyes and they bréede not lightlie els where For there is no place that they come sooner to their full growth in then there and y â— is by reason of the plenty of swéete waters Their comming into the Sea is in y â— spring-time and they enter in by the right side of the shore and goe out by the left side which thing they are thought to doo because they sée better wyth the right eye then with the left CAP. XXII of Ister of the beaste called a Beuer and of the precious stone of Pontus ISter riseth in the Hylles of Germanie and issueth out of a Mountaine that lieth ouer against Turgew a part of the ancient Gall. It recâ—iueth into it thréescore Ryuers almoste all able to beare Shippes and it falleth into Pontus with seauen mouthes wherof the first is called Peuce the second Narcustoma the thirde Calostoma and the fourth Pseudostoma for Boreostoma the fift and Stenostoma the sixt are slower then the rest and as for the seauenth it is so dull and like vnto a Poole that it hath not anie likelihoode of a streame The firste foure are so great that by the space of forty miles together they are not intermedled with the Saltwater but kéepe theyr swéete taste with vncorrupted sauoure Through all Pontus there is great store of Beuers which they call by the names of Fiber Castor Thys Beaste is like an Otter and is a very sore byter insomuch that if he fasten vpon a man hee will not let goe his holde vntill he féele the bones crash betwéene hys téeth His stones are greatly coueted for the medicinablenesse of them and therefore when he findeth hymselfe put to the pinch he byteth of his owne cods and eateth them vp to the intent men should haue no good of them when he is taken â—ontus yeeldeth also precious stones of sundrye sortes which of the Countrey wee call Pontiks for some haue starres of the colour of Golde and some of the colour of bloode in them and they are counted among the sacred for they are gathered rather for a showe then for anie vse that they serue to They are not besprent in droppes but are interlyned with long strokes of sundry colours CAP. XXIII Of the Ryuer Hypanis and the Fountaine Exampeus THe Ryuer Hypanis springeth among the Auchets It is the prince of Riuers in Scythia pure and verye wholesome to drinkâ— vntill such timâ— as it entrâ—th into the boâ—â—ers of the Caâ—â—pods where the Fountaine Exampeus which is iustly defamed for the bytternesse of hys spring béeing mingled wyth the cléere streame inferteth the Riuer with hys fault so that hee falleth into the Sea vnlike to himselfe Héereuppon groweth diuersitie of opinions among folke concerning Hypanis For they that know hym at the beginning doo prayse him and they that tast of hym at the ende haue good cause to curse hym CAP. XXIIII Of the Ryuer Boâ—isthenes and the people that dwell thereby of the nature of dogges of the manners of the Scythians of the precious stones called the Emerawd Cyanie and Crystall WIthin the Countrey of the Neuers springeth the Ryuer Borysthenes wherein are Fyshes of excellent taste without any bones hauing nothing but very tender grystlys But the Neuers as wee haue heard in theâ— Sommertime are trans-formed into Wolues and afterward when they haue passed a certaine time limitted for the continuaunce in that state they returne to theyr former shape againe The God of this people is Mars in stâ—dde of Images they worshippe Swordes they offâ—r menne in Sacrifice and wyth theyr boanes 〈◊〉 â—â—re to burne the Sacrifices wyâ—halâ— Next Neyghbours to these are the Gelones They make bothe rayment for themselues and furniture for their horses of theyr enemyes shinnes Uppon the Gelones border the Agathyrses painting their faces with a blewe colour and dying theyr hayre into a blewe colour And
concerning her deserts she that by the sentence of y â— Iudges is deemed to haue béene more dutifull seruicable then the rest receiueth thys reward of her victory that at her pleasure shee may leape into the fire where her Husbande is a burning and offer herselfe as a sacrifice vpon hys herse The rest lyue wyth infamie The hugenesse of theyr Serpents is so excessyue that they swallow vp Harts and other beasts of lyke bygnesse whole yea and as great as the Indian Ocean is they swym through it and passe ouer into Ilands a great way distant from the firme â—ande to séeke feeding And the selfe same thing is a good argument to proue theyr hugenesse that they haue force to passe ouer such a bredth of salt water and to attaine to the places that they ayme at There are many and wonderfull beasts out of the which multitude I wyll pick some to treate of The Leucocrote passeth all wylde Beastes in swiftnesse It is of the bygnesse of an Asse haunched like a Stagge breasted and legged like a Lyon headed like a Cammell clouen cléed mouthed vp to bothe the eares and wyth one whole round bone instéede of téeth Thus much as to his shape In voyce hee counterfetteth the spéech of man There is an Eale otherwyse like a horse tayled like an Olyphant of colour blacke chapped like a Bore armed with hornes aboue a cubit long plyable to what vse soeuer he lyst to put them For they are not stife but are bowed as neede shall require in fighting of which he putteth out the one when he fighteth and rolleth vp the other that if by any stripe the point of the one be blunted the other may succéede sharpe in hys roome He is compared to the Waterhorses and to say y e truth he delighteth in waters to The Bulls of Inde are of colour bright yellowe excéeding wight of foote with their hayre growing the contrarie way and as much mouth as head These also beare hornes plyable to what purpose they liste so hard hyded that nothing is able to enter so vnmercifullie cruell that béeing caught they kill themselues for moodinesse Among these bréedeth also y â— Manticora wyth three sette of téeth in his head checkquerwise one against another faced like a man gray eyed sanguine coloured bodied like a Lyon tayled like a Scorpion wyth a stinging pricke in the ende with so shrill a voyce that it counterfetteth the tunes of pypes and the harmony of Trumpets Hée séeketh most gréedilie after mans flesh He is so swift of foote and so nimble in leaping that there is no space so long that may forslowe hym nor anie thing so broade that can let him of hys way There are also Oâ—en with one horne and thrée horns whole hooued and not clouen cléed But the cruellest is the Unicorne a Monstar that belloweth horriblie bodyed like a horse footed like an Oliphant tayled like a Swyne and headed like a Stagge His horne sticketh out of the midds of hys â—orehead of a wonderfull brightnesse about foure foote long so sharp that whatsoeuer he pusheth at he striketh it through easily Hée is neuer caught aliue kylled he may be but taken he cannot bée The waters also bréede no lesse wonders Ganges bréedeth Eeles of fortie foote long and Statius Sebosus saith that the same Ryuer among the chiefest miracles swarmeth with wormes bothe in name and colour gray These haue as it were armes not vnder sixe cubits long a péece so boystrous of strength that with the hande thereof they take holde of Olyphants that come thither to drinke and hale them so rudelye that they pull them vnder the water The Indian Seas haue Fyshes called Thyrlpooles aboue the bygnesse of foure Acres of grounde There are also which they call Physeters which béeing huge beyonde the measure of great Pyllars lift themselues aboue the sayleyards of Shyppes and puffe out the water that they haue haled in at theyr venting pipes in such wise that many times they sinkâ— the vessels wyth the rage of water that they let fall vppon the Marryners Only Inde bréedeth the Poppiniey of colour gréene wyth a redde list about hys neck whose byll is so hard that when he is throwne from high vpon a stone he saueth himselfe vppon his byll vsing it as an extraordinary defence of hys infirmitie And his heade is so stronge that if at any time he haue néede of stripes to put him in mind of hys lesson for he learneth to speake like a man he must be knockt on the pate wyth a wande of yron While he is a Chicken and as yet vnder two yeeres old he learneth the things that are taught him more spéedilie and beareth them more stedfastly in remembraunce Aboue that age hee is somewhat more slow of taking forgetfull and vâ—apt to be taught The number of toes maketh the difference betwéene the nobler and the rascaller sorte The better haue fiue toes on a foote the worse haue thrée Hys tongue is broade and much broader then the tongues of other byrds and that is the cause of his perfection in vttering words so distinctly This naâ—ure of his made the Romaines to haue so great pleasure and delight in him that the barbarous people made a merchandise of their Poppinieyes The trées if Inde grow vp in such an excessiue height that they cannot shoote an arrowe ouer them The Orchyards haue Fig trées the bodies whereof are thréescore paces about and theyr boughes shadow two furlongs euerie way the largenesse of their leaues is compared to the shielde of the Amazons and the fruit is of verie singuler swéetnes The Fenny grounds bring foorth a Réede of such grosenes that betwéene knot and knot they make boates of theÌ„ to rowe in Out of the rootes whereof is pressed a swéete iuyce as pleasant as honny There is an Iland of Inde called Tylos which beareth Date trées bringeth forth Olyues and aboundeth in Uynes It surmounteth all landes in this one wonder that what tree soeuer groweth therein is neuer without leaues There beginneth Mount Caucasus which wyth his continuall ridge peirceth through the most part of the worlde The same hyll on hys front that faceth the Sunne beareth Pepper Trées which men affyrme to be like the Iuniper Trée and to bring forth sundrie fruits That fruite that commeth forth first is like the agglets of Hasles and is called long Pepper That which is vncorrupted is called white Pepper That which hath the skynne wrinckled and scorched wyth the heate is called black Pepper Lastly that which falleth downe and is parched with the burning Sun taketh â—ys name of hys colour But that which is stripped of the Trée as it is is called white Pepper And as onely Inde yéeldeth Pepper so alonely yéelddeth it Ebonye yet not in all places but in a verie little part of the Countrey doth it yéelde thys kynd of woode The Trée
is among Authors that Palynure tooke that name of Palynure the Pylotte of Aenaeas his Shyppe and Misene of hys Trumpetor Misene and the Iland Leucosie of his Systers daughter Leucosia It is fully agréed vppon among all menne that Caiet tooke that name of Caieta Aenaeassis Nurce and Lauine of his wyfe Lauinia which Towne was builded the fourth yéere after the destruction of Troy as Cussonius auoucheth Neither must it be omitted that Aenaeas arryuing on the coast of Italy the second sommer after that Troy was taken as Hemina reporteth wyth no moe then 600 in hys companie piched hys Campe in the fieldes of Laurent and there while hee was dedicating the Image that he had brought wyth him out of Sicill vnto his Mother Venus by the name of Aphroditee he receiued the Image of Pallas of Diomed and anon after receiuing fiue hundred Acres of ground of King Latinus hee raigned thrée yéeres in equall authoritie with him After whose decease when he had raigned two yéeres he went to the Riuer Numicius and was neuer séene more The seauenth yéere after was giuen to him the name of Father Iâ—diges Afterward were builded by Ascanius Alba longa Fidenee and Antium by the Tyrians Nola and by the Eubaeans Cumes There is the Chappell of the same Sybill which in the fift Olympiade was present at the Romaine enterprises whose booke our Bishops resorted to for Counsell vntill the time of Cornelius Sylla for then was it together with the Capitoll consumed with fire As for her two former bookes shee hadde burned them with her owne handes because Tarquine the proude did offer her a more niggardly price then she had sette them at Her Tombe remaineth yet in Sicill Bocchus auoucheth that Sybell of Delphos prophesied before the battel of Troy and he declareth that Homer did put many of her verses into his worke After her within fewe yéeres space followed Heriphylee of Aerythra who was also called Sybill for the affinity she had with y â— other in the same kind of knowledge who among other great thinges warned the Lesbians that they should loose the dominion of y â— Sea many yéeres before the thing came to passe So y â— very order of the time prooueth that Sybill of Cumes was third after this Italy therefore wherein sometime the auncient Country of Latium stretched from the mouth of Tyber vnto the Ryuer Lyris ryseth whole together from the sides of the Alpes and reached to the toppe of the Promonorie or headlonde of Rhegium and the Seacoast of the Brutians where it shooteth Southward into the Sea Procéeding from thence it rayseth it selfe by little and little at the backe of the Mountaine Appenâ—ne lying in length betwéene the Tuscane Sea and the Adriatish Sea that is to saye betwéene the vpper Sea and the neather Sea like an Oken leafe that is to say larger in length than in breadth When it commeth to the furthest it deuideth into two hornes whereof the one butteth vppon the Ionish Sea and the other vppon the Sea of Sicill Betwéene which two heades it receiueth not y â— winding Sea in with one whole and maine shoare but shooting foorth as it were sundrie tongues it admitteth the Sea disseuered by the heads running forth in to the déepe There to the intent we may note thinges heere and there by the way are the Towres of Tarent the Countrye Scyllaea with the Towne Scylleum and the Riuer Crathis the mother of Scylla as antiquitie hath fabled the Forrests of Rhegium the Ualies of Pesta the Meremaids Rocks the most delectable coast of Campane the playnes of Phlegra the house of Circâ— the Iland of Tarracine sometime enuironed with the wauing Sea but nowe by continuance of time landed vppe to the firme grounde hauing cleane contrarie fortune to the Rhegines whom the Sea by thrusting it selfe betwixt hath violently disseuered froÌ„ the Sicilians Also there is Formy inhabited somtime by the Lestrigones and many other thinges entreated of at large by pregnant wittes the which I thought more for mine ease to passe ouer then not to set them out at the full But the length of Italy which runneth from Augusta Prâ—toria through the Cittie and Capua vnto the Towne of Rhogiâ—â—◠〈◊〉 to a thousand and twenty miles The breadth of it where it is broadest is foure hundred and ten myles and where it is narrowest a hundred and sixe and thirtie miles sauing at the Hauen which is called Hanniballes Campe for there it exceedeth not fortie miles The hart of the Realme is in the fieldes of Rheatee as Vâ—rro testifieth The compasse of the whole circuite together is two thousand foure hundred fourescore and tenne miles In the which circuit ouer againste the Coast of Locres is finished the first Coast of Eâ—rope For the seconde beginning at the heade of Laciuium endeth at the Cliffs of Acroceraunia Further more Italie is renowmed with the Riuer Po which Mount Vesulus one of the toppes of the Alpes powreth out of hys bosome from a spring that is to be séene in the borders of Ligurie from whence Po issueth and sinking into the ground ryseth againe in the fieldes of Vibo not inferior to any Ryuer in same and it is called of the Greekes Eridanus It swelleth in the beginning of the dogge dayes at such time as y â— snowâ—â— and hoarefrosts of the former Winter begin to melt and so beeing increased with y e surplusage of waters it carrioth thirtie Ryuers with him into the Adriatish Sea Among other thinges woorthy of remembraunce this is famous and notably talked of in euery Mans mouth that there are certaine housholds in the Countryes of the Phalisks which they call Hirpes These make yéerely sacrifice to Apollo at the Mountaine Soractee and in performing thereof doo in honor of the diuine seruice frisks and dawnce vppe and downe vpon the burning wood without harme the 〈◊〉 sparing them Which religious and deuout kinde of ministration the Senate rewarding honourably priuiledged the Hirpes from all taxes and from all kind of seruice for euer That the Nation of the Marsyes can not bee hurt by serpents it is no maruell For they fetch their pedegrée from the Sonne of Circee and of the power descended to them from their auncestors they vnderstand that venemous thinges ought to stande in awe of them and therefore they despise poysons C Caelius saith that Octas had thrée daughters Augitia Medea and Circee and that Circee possessed the Hilles called Circes Hilles there practising to make sundry shapes and fashions through her sorceries and charmes And that Augitia occupyed the Country about Fuâ—num and there after practising the wholesome sciences of Léechecrast against maladies and diseases when shée forewent this life was reputed for a Goddesse And that Medea was buried by Iason at Buthrote and her Sonne raigned among the Marsyes But although that Italy haue this customable defence yet is not altogether frée from
aduentures should be brought vp priuilie héere The Childe bearing his Fathers name as he grew to mans estate so also grewe in courage and stomacke méete for hys royall race and conquering all that extendeth to the Coast of Macedony and the Adriatish Sea hee called the Land whereof he was ruler Orestide Phlaegra in which place before there was anye Towne there the report goeth y â— a battell was fought betwéene the hoste of Heauen and the Gyants dooth put vs in minde to declare throughlie with how great proofes of soueraigntie there the tokens of that Heauenlie warfare haue and doo continue it vnto thys day If at any time as it commeth to passe indéede the brookes ryse with foule weather and the excesse of waters breaking theyr bankes doo shoote themselues ouer violently into the fields they say that euen now through the gulling of the water are discouered benâ—s like to mens carkasses but farre bigger which for the vnmeasurable hugenesse of them are reported to haue béene the bodies of that monstruous Army And thys opinion is furthered with the euidence of excessyue great stones wherewith heauen was thought to haue béene assaulted I will procéede to the residue which extende into Thessaly and Aemony For they be heigher then that in anie place the height of the Mountain is able to reache theruntâ— Neither is there any thing in anie Land vnder Heauen that may woorthely bee compared héereâ—nto in height as wherevnto only the rage of water neuer attained when y â— flood ouerwhelmed all thinges els with woozie moistnesse There remaine yet prints of no small credite whereby it appeareth that these places were aboue the stormy flood For in the darke Caues of the Hilles which at that time were eaten hollow with the strugling of the water the shelles of Fishes are left behinde and many other things which are cast vppe by the working of the rowgh Sea so that although to sée to the places bée mayne Land yet they haue a resemblaunce of y â— Sea shore Nowe will I speake of the Inhabiters Aemathius who was the first that obtained soueraigntie in Amathia whither it be because the knowledge of his pedegrée is worne out by time or because it is a matter farre fette is counted to bee bredde of the earth After him the name of Aemathia which procéeded froÌ„ him continued to the Realme of Macedony But Macedo the Nephewe of Dâ—ucalion by the Mothers side who onelie with the familie of his housholde scaped from the general destruction chaunged the name and called it Macedony after himselfe After Macedo followed Caranus Captaine of a companie of Peloponesians who according to the aunswere gyuen by Apollo builded a Citty in the same place where he had séene a hearde of Goates sitte and named it Aegaea in which place the custome was to bury theyr Kings neyther was it lawfull among the auncient Macedones to burie their chiefe states in anie other place than there After Caranus succéeded Perdicas in y â— two and twentith Olimpiad who was the firste that bare the name of King after whom came Alexander the Sonne of Amintas who was counted rich and not without cause For he had so good successe in encreasing his substaunce that he first of all men sent Images of cleane golde for a gyft one to Apollo at Delphos and another to Iupiter at Elis. He was greatlie giuen to delight hys hearing insomuch that for hys pleasures sake he entertained with honourable pensions as long as he liued manie that were cunning vppon Instruments among whom was Pyndarus the Harper From this man Archelaus receiued the kingdome who was a politick Prince in feates of warre and the firste deuiser of battell vppon the Sea Thys Archelaus was so great a louer of learning y â— he made Euripides the Tragicall Poet one of his priuie Counsell At whose burial he was not content to follow the Herse onelie but also he shore his hayre and vttered in countenauâ—ce the sorrowe that he conceiued in hys hart The same Archelaus winning the wager in running with Chariots at the gaminges of Pythia and Olimpus shewed himselfe rather to haue the hart of a glorious Greeke then of a royall King in séeking that kind of prayse After Archelaus the state of Macedony béeing troubled with dissention at last was stayed in the raigne of Amyntas who had thrée Sons of whom Alexander succéeded his Father who béeing dispatched out of the way the fruition of that great preheminence was first giuen to Perdicas by whose decease the Kingdome was left by inheritance vnto his Brother Philip who as we tolde you before lost hys right eye at Methone of which maine there had gone a fore token before For at his marriage â—easte it is reported that the Musitians which serued that daie sung as it were in sport a song of the one eyed Gyants called Cyclops Thys Phillip begat great Alexander howbeit that Olympias Alexanders Mother coueting to purchase hym a nobler Father auouched him to haue béene begotten by a Dragon But howsoeuer the case stoode Alexander so behaued himselfe that he was beléeued to be the Sonne of a God He trauailed ouer the worlde vsing the direction of Aristotle and Callisthenes Hee conquered Asia the lesse Armeny Iberia Albany Cappadocia Syria and Aegypt He passed ouer y e Mountaines Taurus and Caucasus He subdued the Bactrians hée raigned ouer the Medes and Persians Hée wan Inde and went beyond all that Liber and Hercules reached vnto He was of personage more statelie than Man with long and straight necke chéerefull cléere eyes chéekes ruddy with a pleasantnesse and comely featured in all proportions of bodye not without a certaine maiestie Béeing conqueror of all men hee was hymselfe a thrall to wyne and wrath Through surfette of drunkennesse he died at Babylon somewhat after a more base and vncomely sorte then he had lyued Wée finde that those that came after him were borne rather to increase the glory of the Romaines then to inherite so great renowne Macedony bringeth foorth a stone which they call Paeantis The common reporte goeth that this stone doth helpe Women bothe in the time of theyr conception and in the time of their labour It is founde much about the Tombe of Tyresias CAP. XIIII Of the manners and customes of the Thracians Of the places and peoples of Thrace Of Cranes and Swallowes Of Hellespont Of the Ilande Clarob and of the Aegaeum Sea NOw it is time to take our iourneye into Thrace and to sette sayle toward the puissantest Nations of Europe which whosoeuer will looke vpon aduisedlie shall easily finde that there is a contempt of life in the barbarous Thracians through a certaine discipline of moother wytt They agrée all to die willingly some of them beléeuing that the soules of them that decease returne againe and othersome thinking that they die not but are in a more happie and blisful state Among most of them
likenesse it hath to that kinde of wine or to honnie It is manifest that it gathereth vp leaues and draweth chaffe vnto it and the arte of phisicke hath taught that it remedieth manie inconueniences of men Inde also hath Amber but Germanie hath the best and best store Because we were come to the Ile of Glessaria we began with Amber for in the iâ—ner parts of Germanie is founde a stone called Callais which men preferre before the precious stones of Arabie for it passeth them in beautie The Arabians saie it is not found anie where but in the nestes of the birds which they call Melancoryphes which no maÌ„ beléeueth forasmuch as they are to be found in the Regions of Germanie among stones although very rarelie In respect of the estimation and value of the Emerawd it is of colour a faint gréene Nothing dooth better beséeme golde Furthermore of the Ceraunies are diuers sorts that of Germanie is white with a bright blew and if yée haue it abroade it draweth the brightnes of the starres to it CAP. XXXIII Of Gallia of the Countryes of Rhetia and Noricum of Pannonie and Masia and of the medicinable Oyle CAllia is situat betwéene the Ryuer Rhyne and the Mountaines Pyrenyes and betwéene the Ocean and y â— Mountaines Gebenua and Iura fortunate for the fatnes of the soyle and rich of increase of fruits in many places also replenished with Uines and Orchyardes and blessed with store of all things for the behoofe of manne It is well watred with Ryuers and Fountaines of those Fountaines some in times past sacred and hote It is ill spoken of for the custome of the inhabiters who as is reported for I auouch not my selfe to haue had triall of the truth after a detestable manner not to the honor but rather to the iniurie of Religion offer men in sacrifice Out of this Country yée may goe into what part of the world yée wil Into Spayne and Italy both by sea and lande into Affrick by sea onely If ye iourney into Thrace yée must come to the fayre and fruitfull fieldes of Rhetia renowmed with the Lake Brigantine from thence into Noricum a colde Countrey and lesse fruitfull but where it is far from the Alpes verie plentifull Then Pannonie puissaunt in men the soyle champion and rich and inclosed with the two famous Riuers Drauus Sauus and lastlie the Maesians which our auncestors called worthelie the Gardner of Ceres In one part wherof namelie of that which is toward Pontus there groweth 〈◊〉 hearâ—e wherwith they make an Oyle that they call the Chirurgions Oyle This béeing sette a fire if yée goe about to quench it with water burneth the more and cannot bee put out otherwyse then by casting on of duste CAP. XXXIIII Of Britaine and the other Iles about it of the stone called Geate THe Sea coast of Gallia had béene the ende of the worlde but that the Ile of Brytaine for the largenesse therof euery way deserueth the name almoste of an other Worlde for it is in length eyght hundred myles and more so we measure it to the angle of Calydon in which nooke an Altar engrauen with Gréeke Letters for a vowe beareth witnes that Vlisses arriued at Calydon It is enuironed with many Iles and those not vnrenowmed wherof Ireland draweth néerest to it in bygnesse vnciuill for the sauage manners of the inhabiters but otherwise so full of fat pasture that if theyr Cattell in Sommer season be not now and then kept from féeding they should run in daunger of bursting There are no Snakes and fewe byrdes the people are harbourlesse and warlike When they haue ouercome theyr enemies they first be sméere their faces in the blood of them that be slayne and then drinke of it Be it right or be it wrong all is one to theÌ„ If a Woman be deliuered of a manchilde shee layes his firste meate vppon her Husbands sworde and putting it softlie to his pretie mouth giueth him the first hâ—mselâ— of his foode vppon the very point of the weapon praying according to the manner of their Countrey that he may not otherwise come to his death then in battel and among weapons They that loue to bee fine doo trimme the hylts of theyr Swords with the téeth of monsters that swymme in the Sea for they bee as white and as cléere as Iuorie For the men doo chiefly glorie in the beautie of their Armour There is not anie Bée among them and if a man bring of the duste or the stones from thence and strow them among Bée hyues the swarmes forsake y e combes The Sea that is betwéene Ireland and Brytaine béeing full of shallowes and rough all the yéere long cannot be sayled but a fewe dayes in the Sommertime They sayle in Kéeles of wicker doone ouer with Neats leather How long soeuer their passage continueth the passengers abstaine from meate Such as haue discussed the cercertaintie of the matter according to reason haue estéemed the breadth of that narrow Sea to be a hundred and twentie miles The troublous Sea also deuideth the Iland of the Silures from the coast of Brytaine the men of which Ile kéepe their olde customes euen vnto this day They vtterlie refuse buying and selling for money and giue one thing for another prouiding things necessary rather by exchaunge then for ready mony They worshyppe the Gods very deuoutly As well the Women as the Men boast of the knowledge of prophesying The Ile Thanatos is beaten vpon with y â— French Sea and is deuided from Brytaine with a verye narrowe cutte luckie for corne fieldes and fatte soyle and not onely healthful to it selfe but also to other places For inasmuch as there is no snake créeping there the earth thereof to what place soeuer it beâ— carried from thence killeth snakes There bee many other Iles about Brytaine of which Thule is y e furthest of wherin at such time as the Sun is at the hyghest in Sommer and passeth through the signe of Cancer there is almost no night at all Againe in the deade of wynter when the Sunne is at the lowest the day is so shorte that the rysing and going downe of the Sunne is both together Beyond Thule wee learne is the deade and frozen Sea From the Promontorie of Calydon to the Iland Thule is two dayes sayling Next come the Iles called Hebudes fiue in number the inhabiters wherof know not what corne meaneth but liue onely by fishe and milke They are all vnder the gâ—uernment of one King For as manie of them as bee they are seuered but with a narrowe groope one from another The King hath nothing of hys own but taketh of euery mans Hee is bounde to equitie by certaine lawes and least he may start from right through cocouetousnes he â—earneth Iustice by pouertie as who may haue nothing porper or peculiar to himselfe but
of the Spanish Balearish Sea where it runneth by the prouince of Narbon it is called the Sea of Gall then Lygusticum from thence to Sicill Tuscane which y â— Greekes call Ionian or TyrrhaeniaÌ„ and the Italians the nether sea From Sicill to the Ile of Candy it is called the sea of Sicill from thence to Pamphylia and the Aegiptian Sea it is called the Cretish sea The same gull of waters wrything hys side first into the North and fetching great circuits by the Greeke lands and by Illyrik through Hellespont draweth into the straights of Propontis the which Propontis disseuering Europe and Asia extendeth to Maeontis Of the originall of the names there is no one vniforme reason It is called Asiaticke and Phaenician of the Countries Carpathian Aegaean Icarian Balearick and Cyprian of the Ilands Ausonian Dalmatian Lygustian and Thuscane of the nations Adriatish Argolicke Corynthian and Tyrian of the Townes Myrtoan or Hellespontian of the mischances of men Ionian in remembraunce of a King of that name Bosphor of the passing ouer of an Oxe or of the streights which an Oxe might swim through of the natures of the dwellers by Euxinus or as it was called before Axenus and of the order of the flowing Propontis The Egyptian sea is allotted to Asia the Gallik sea to Europe and the Affrick sea to Lybia and as the sea approcheth to any of the seueral parts of these Countries so taketh it name therafter These are in the bowels of the world But the Ocean beclippeth the vttermost coastes which according to the shoares it beateth vpon is named Arabick Persian Indian Easterne Serick Hercanish Caspian Scythick German French or British Athlaâ—tish Lybick and Aethâ—opick The flowing of the tydes whereof doth rise exceeding high about the Sea coasts of Inde and make verie great breaches ther which happeneth eyther because the waters swelling by force of heate are helde vp beyond their stint or els because that in that part of the world is farre greater aboundance of springs and Ryuers The matter is yet in question what should be the cause that the Ocean should swel or why it should fal again into it selfe considering the sâ—perfluitie thereof and it is euident y â— many things haue béene vttered rather to showe the wits of y â— disputers then to the setting forth of the trueth But to omitte the doubtfull debatings of the Demurrers we haue found thâ—se opinions to haue most likelihoode of trueth The naturall Philosophers hold opinion that the world is a liuing creature and that being compact of the diuers bodies of the Elements it is mooued by a soule and gouerned by a minde bothe which béeing shed through all the members doo put in vre the force of theyr eternalâ— moouing and therefore that like as in our bodies there is an intercourse of the breath and the soule so in the déepes of the Ocean there are as it were certaine nostrils appointed at which y e breache béeing sent out or drawne in againe dooth one whyle puffe vppe the Seas and another while call theÌ„ backe againe But they that folow the knowledge of Astronomie affyrme that these goings and comminges are mooued by the course of the Moone and that the interchaungablenesse of the ebbings and flowinges depende vppon the increasing and decreasing of her insomuch as they keepe not alwaies one ordinary stint but altar from tyme to tyme according to her approching or going away CAP. XXXVI of Lybia of the Orchyardes of the Sisters called Hesperides and of Mount Atlas OVt of Spayne my next start is into Lybia For when yee are loosened from Belon which is a Towne of Betica the next arriuall on the furtherside of that Sea which is thrée thirty miles broade is Tingie nowe a Towne inhabited with people of Mauritanie wherof Antaeus was the founder Moreouer because in that circuit the Sea of Aegypt endeth and the Sea of Lybie beginneth it hath séemed good to meÌ„ to call Affrick by the name of Lybie Some notwithstanding haue auouched that Lybie was so named of Lybia the daughter of Epaphus and Affrick of Afer the Sonne of Hercules the Lybian Liâ— also another newe inhabited Towne standeth on the same coast where was sometime the Palace of Antaeus who béeing perfecter in wynding vnwinding of knots vpon the ground then els where as if he had béene the natiue Sonne of the earth was there vanquished and put to death by Hercules As concerning the Orchyardes of the Hesperides and y e waking Dragon least the liberty of Fame might be infringed this is the very truth Out of the Sea commeth a crooked arme with so wreathed and wynding banks that to such as beholde the broken turnings of it a far of it resembleth the glyding of a Snake and it enuironeth the place that they called the Orchyard Wherevppon interpreting it to bee the kéeper of the Apples they opened a gappe to deuise lyes vpon But thys Iland so wreathed about with the wynding Channell running forward and backward which is situate in a certaine circle of the Sea hath nothing in it to prolong the memoriall of antiquitie with sauing a fewe Trées like wylde Olyues and an Altar consecrated vnto Hercules But this is a greater wonder then the golden fruite Trées or the leauie gold that though the grounde be lower then the leuell of the Sea yet the tyde neuer ouerfloweth it but the water béeing kept off by the prouidence of nature as by a Iettie stayeth at the very brimme and the waues of theyr owne accorde stand still in a circle at the innermost brewes of the Sea bankes and so through the wonderfull disposition of nature the leuell grounde continueth styl dry though the Seas come falling downeward vpon it Upon the Ryuer Sala standeth the Towne of Sala From hence by the nation of the Autolians the way lyeth to the wyldernes of Atlas The Mountaine Atlas rising out of the mids of the waste and sandy Countries and growing into a circle like the halfe moone lifteth his head aboue y e câ—wdes Where it reacheth to the Ocean that is named after him no Fountaines spring out of him but all lyeth horrible wast all is stéepe cliffs and Rocks all is loth some and barraine the grounde bare and no grasse growing thereon But where he turneth backe to Affrick warde he is rich of all kinde of fruites springing of theyr owne accorde and he is shadowed with bygh Trées the sent whereof is ranke and y e leaues like Cypresse leaues and they are couered with a kind of downe of no lesse value then silke On that side also groweth plentiously the hearbe â—â—phrobia y e iuyce whereof cléereth the eye sight and many wayes preserueth health and greatly expulseth the force of venims The top of this hyll is euermore couered wyth snowe the launes thereof are haunted with foure footed beastes and Serpents
ware hyde their young ones out of the way Affrick swarmeth in such wise with Serpents that it may worthelie challenge the preheminence in that mischiefe from all the worlde The Caerasts péere with foure little hornes by shewing whereof as it were wyth a bayse they allure birds to them and deuoure them For they hide the rest of their bodyes for the nonce in the sand discouering no part of theÌ„selues sauing that onely part wherwith they entice the birds deceitfully to féeding when they lie in wait to kill them for theyr labor The Amphisbene riseth with two heads wherof one is in his accustomed place and the other where his taile should bee Wherevpon it commeth to passe that with both heads forward at once hee créepeth in a roundell The Darters clymbe vp vppon trées from whence whirling themselues with as much violence as may be they péerce through what beast soeuer happeneth to come within their dint The Scytale hath such a glystering and speckled hide that the beautie of the spots staie such as behold it by means whereof hee catcheth them as they stande gazing and wondring whom he cannot ouertake by his slownes in créeping Notwithstanding as beautifull as his scales be he is the first that casteth his wynter coate There are many and sundry kinds of redde Adders but they haue diuers effects in hurting The Dipsas killeth w t thirst The Hypuale killeth with sléepe and Clâ—opatra may beare witnesse that it is bought to kill folke The poysons of others forasmuch as they bee curable deserue lesse fame The Hemorrhoyd byteth till it bléedes and thereby breaking the intercourse of the vaynes draweth out the life wyth bléeding Whomsoeuer the Prester stingeth he is bloune and béeing puffed vp to vnmeasurable hugenesse dyeth with swelling Immediatlie vppon the stinging of the Seps ensueth rotting There are also Ammodits Cheuchries Olyphantyes Chersydres and * Chamedraconts And finally as many sundry names as there bee so manye sundry deathes there are For Scorpions Scinks and Lucerts are accounted among vnhurtfull wormes and not among serpents These Monsters if they drinke doo sting the gentlier They haue affections for lightly they goe not but by couples If the one be caught or kylled the other that scapeth runneth madde The heads of the Females are finer theyr bellyes rownder and theyr venime more hurtfull The Male is a like rounde in all places and higher also and more méeke All Serpents are dull sighted They seldome looke right before them and not wythout a cause forasmuch as their eyes stand not in theyr foreheads but in their temples so as they are lighter of hearing then of séeing any thing As concerning the precious stone called Helitrope there hath béene contention betwéene Aethyop Affrick Cyprus which of them should yéelde the excellentest of that kynd and it is founde by maniâ— trayals that the stone of Aethiop or of Libie hath y â— prerogatiue It is of a gréene colour not altogether verye fresh but somewhat more clowdie and déepe powdred aboue with spots of scarlett The stâ—ne taketh hys name of hys operatioÌ„ and power Béeing cast into a brasse panne it altereth y e colour of the Sunne beames making them to haue a bloody reflexion and it casteth the glymering brightnesse of the ayre out of the water and turneth it aside Moreouer it is reported to haue this vertue y â— beeing mingled wyth the herbe of the same name and consecrated before with the accustomable enchantmeÌ„ts it maketh the bearer thereof to goe inuisible They that trauell the Syrts though theyr iourney lie by lande yet must they direct theyr course by the starres otherwise they shall neuer come to the place appointed For y e ground is so rotten that the aire altereth the vpper part therof and if there whiske neuer so small a wynd y e blaste thereof maketh such an alteration that it leaueth no token whereby to knowe a mans way For it euermore turneth vpside downe the plats of the places in such wyse that those which were euen nowe full of hygh hils sinck into vallies and those that euen now were vallies are heaped vp with sande like hyls And the maine land beareth the nature of the sea that beateth vppon it Neyther makes it any matter where stormes rather bée séeing that the elements conspyre the destruction of trauellers so as the wynd rageth vppon the land and the land as the sea The two Syâ—ts are seperated two hundred and fiftie myles a sunder the lesse of them is somewhat calmer Wee reade that in the time that Cneus Seruilius and Caius Sempronius were Consuls the Romaine fléete passed harmles betwéene these shallowes In this Coast is the Ile Meninx where Caius Marius hid himself after he came out of the Fennes of Minturue Beyonde the Garamants were the Psylls fortiâ—â—ed with a wonderfull strength of body against hurtfull poyson They onelie dyed not of the byting of Snakes and although they were stunge with their deadly tongues yet they continued in vnappayred health Yea they layde theyr newe borne babes to Serpents and if they were misbegotten the adulterie of the Mothers was punished wyth the destruction of y â— Children But if they were right begotten the priuiledge of theyr fathers bloode saued the innocent babes from death Thus they put the assurance of theyr issue to the triall of poyson But the Nasamons conquered this country and destroyed it insomuch that nowâ— the Psylls haue left nothing whereby to be remembred sauing onely theyr bare name The Nasamones yeelde a stone which is called a Nasamonite altogether bloode shaddowed with blacke vaynes In the innermost part of the bigger Syrt about the Philenes Altars as we learne inhabited the Loteaters and it is so indeede Not farre from the Philenes Alters is a Lake whereinto y â— Ryuer Trâ—ton runneth where men haue beléeued that the Goddesse of arts was first seene The greater Syrt â—aunteth of a Cittie called Cyrene which Battus the Lacedemonian builded the fiue and fortith Olimpyade when â—ncus Marcius raigned ouer y â— Romains the fiue hundred â—oursâ—ore and sixe yéere after she destruction of 〈◊〉 the which Cyrene was the natyue Country and dwelling place of Callimachus the Poet. Betwéene this Towne and the Temple of Ammon are fourehundred myles harde by the Temple is a Fountaine consecrated to the Sunne which with the moysture of his water byndeth the ground and hardneth ashes also into a clod wherin not without wonder the place glistreth rounde about none otherwyse then if it were the gréene fields There is also gathered the stone called Ammons horne For it is so warpped and crooked that it is shaped like a Rams horne It is as bright as gold Béeing layde vnder a mannes head when he sléepeth it is said to represent vnto him heauenly dreames Also there is a Trée called Metops out
consisteth not of fiue hundred and fortie but of twelue thousand nine hundred fiftie and foure of our yéeres Finally when Quintus Plautius and Sextâ—â— Papinius were Consuls the Phaenix â—lewe into Egypt and béeing taken the eight hundreth yeere after the building of the Cyttie was by the commaundement of Claudius the Emperour shewed openlie at the election of the Officers The which deede besydes the decrée that remaynes concerning the same is also enrolled among the Acts of the Cittie The Cynnamolgus likewyse a byrd of Arabia maketh hys neste of the twygges of Cynnamom in the trées that be highest whereunto because there is no clymbing by reason of the height of the trées and brittlenesse of the boughes the inhabiters throwe lynes with plummets of lead on the endes of them into the nestes and so pulling them downe sel them farre déerer because the Merchants like that Cynnamom better then any other The Arabians haue a large and a wyde Countrey euery way and liue after diuers maners with diuers kinds of Religion Many goe wyth powled heads and hoodes like myters and in apparel fashyon like to the same and some shaue their beards to the hard skyns They giue themselues to Merchandise not bying other folks wares but vttering theyâ— owne For they bee rich bothe in woods and waters The shadowes which lye to vs on the ryght hande lie to them on the left Some of them that liue hardlye eate Snakes flesh They haue neither regard of body nor soule and therfore they are named Ophiophags From the Seacoast of thys Countrey was brought vnto King Polycrates a precious stone called a Sardonix which first stirred vppe the firebrand of excesse in our part of the worlde But the Sardonix is so well knowne of all men that I thinke not méete to make long processe about it The vpperpart thereof is allowable if it be a shéere red but it is reprooued if it be thicke like dregges The mids of it is girded wyth a whytish circle the grace whereof is if it neither shed his colour into the next nor he himselfe borrow of the other The rest of him is finished with a black which if it giue a light through it is counted a fault but if it let from séeing through it giueth it the greater grace The Arabian also findeth the Molochite of a deeper greene then is the Emerawde hauing a natiue vertue against the perrills of infants Hee findeth likewise the Iris in the Red sea sixe cornered as the Crystall which béeing touched with the Sunne-beames casteth out of him a bryght reflexion of the ayre like the Raynebowe The same Arabians gather the Androdamant bright as Siluer with sides equallie square which yée would thinke to haue borowed somewhat of the Diamond It is thought y â— hys name is gyuen him of that hee asswageth y e passions of hote mindes and restrayneth the rage of anger Wee haue from thence also the Arabish Pederote which to sée to is like Iuorie and will not be filed It helpeth them that beare it against paines of the sinewes In the Pederote is conueyed whatsoeuer is excellent with a certaine prerogatiue of comlines It is cleere like Crystal it is ruddy like purple glystring in the vttermost verges as it were out of water with a border yellowe like Saffron With this swéetnesse it rauisheth the eyes allureth the sight deteyneth the beholders and for this beautie it pleaseth also the Indians This is inough concerning Arabie nowe let vs retyre againe to Pelusium CAP. XLVI Of Mount Casius of the great Pompeis tombe and of the Towne Ioppa FRom Pelusium is Mount Casius and y â— Chappell of Iupiter Casius and also the place of Ostracina ennobled with the Tombe of the great Pompey From thence beginneth Idumaea fruitful of Date trées Afterward comes Ioppa the auncientest Towne in all the worlde as which was builded before the generall flood In that Towne is to be séene a Rocke which kéepeth yet the print of the chaynes of Andromeda who as is reported and that by no vaine rumor was sette foorth there to bee deuoured of a Monster For Marcus Scaurus in his Aedileshyppe showed the bones of that Monster openly at Rome The thing is regystred in Chronicles The measure of theÌ„ also is contayned in true Bookes that is to say that the length of his ribbes was more then fortie foote and that hee was farre higher then the Olyphants of Inde Moreouer euery ioynt of hys ridgbone were aboue halfe a foote broade CAP. XLVII Of Iewry of the Ryuers and Lakes therein of Balme of Sodom and Gomorâ—he and of the Essaene Nations IEwrie is famous for waters but all the waters are not of one nature The Ryuer Iordan béeing of excellent sweetnes and flowing out of y e fountaine Peneas runneth by moste pleasant Countries vntill that falling into the Lake Asphaltites which ingendreth Bitumen it is there corrupted with the standing water This Lake hath no lyuing thing in it nothing can drowne in it Buls and Cammels swym without daunger in it There is also a Lake called Genezar sirtéene myles long besett with many goodly Citties and himselfe fellowe with the best But the Lake of Tyberias is preferred before all these wholsome for his milde tast and effectuall of operation for health The heade of Iewry hath béene Ierusalem but it is vtterly destroyed In stedde thereof succéeded Iericho and this also hath ceased to be the head since it was conquered in the warres of Artaxerxes Néere vnto Ierusalem is the Fountaine Callyrhoe greatly commended for the medicinable heate thereof which taketh hys name of the renowne of his water Onely in thys Lande groweth Balme which kynde of Trée was not to be founde out of y â— compasse of twenty acres of grounde vnto the time that wee conquered the Countrey But after that we had gotten Iewry those groues were so spredde abroade that nowe very large Hylles doo yeelde vs Balme The stocks of them are like vines they are sette of slyppes they weâ—e lustie with dygging about the rootes they delight in water they loue proyning and are shadowed continually with their own leaues which stick fast The wood of the stemme béeing touched wyth yron dyeth without delay and therefore they be cunningly slytted eyther with glasse or with Knyues of boane and that onely in the Barke out of which issueth a Gumme of excellent swiftnesse Next after the Gum the second place of price is gyuen to y e Apples the thyrd to the rynde and the last to the woode A great way from Ierusalem lyeth a sorrowful coaste which was striken from heauen as appeareth by the soyle thereof which is black and resolued into Ashes There were two Townes the one named Sodom the other Gomorrhe and there groweth an Apple which though it séeme to bee rype yet canne it not bee eaten For wythin the skynne that
the Rocks or els among the Dogfishes They swymme in scoles Some one is Captaine of the whole scole If he be taken euen those that escaped returne into the nett againe Inde yéeldeth perles and so doth the Seacoast of Brytaine as Iulius Caesar by the inscription y â— was written vpon if witnesseth that the brestplate which be dedicated to his mother Venus in her Temple was made of British perles It is a thing coÌ„monly knowne that Lollia Paulina the wyâ—e of the Emperour Caius had a gowne of perles valued then at foure hundred thousande Sestertius through couetousnes in getting whereof her father Marcus Lollius for spoyling the Kinges of the East offended Caius Caesar the sonne of Augustus and was put out of the Princes fauor for sorrow whereof â—e poysoned himselfe This is also registred by the diligence of old men that perles were first brought to Rome in the time of Sylla CAP. LXVI The Iournall of Inde FRom the Ilande Ausea there is a directe cut to the firme land Therfore from the Iland Taprobane let vs returne back to Inde for the thinges of Inde are worth the seing But if I shoulde make tariance about the Citties nations of Inde I should passe the bounds of my prepurposed abridgment Next vnto the Ryuer Indus they had a Cittie named Capissa which Cyrus rased Arachosia standing vppon the Ryuer Arachota was builded by Semyramis Alexander the great builded the Towne of Cadrusiâ— by Mount Caucasus wheras also is Alexandria which is thirty furlongs wyde There are manie other also but these are of the most renowmed After the Indians the Iâ—thyophags possesse the Hill Countryes whom great Alexander subduing forbad them to eate fish for they liued thereby before Beyond these are the deserts of Carmania then Persia and so a iourney by Sea wherein is the Iland of the Sunne which is alwayes red and not able to be come vnto by any liuing creature for it killeth all lyuing things that are brought into it As men returne out of Inde the first sight that they haue of Charlsis waine is at Hyâ—anis a Ryuer of Carmania They say that the dwelling of Achaemenides was in this Coaste Betwéene the Promontorie of Carmania and Arabie is fifty miles Then are there thrée Iles about which there come forth salt water Snakes of twenty cubits long Hâ—ere it is to be declared howe the way lyeth from Alexandria in Egypt vnto Inde Fyrst yée must goe by water vppe the Nyle wyth a Northeast wynde vnto Copton Then by lande vnto Hydreum From thence passing ouer certaine mansions ye come to Berenice wheras is a HaueÌ„ of the red Sea After that ye must arriue at a Hauen of Arabie called Ocelis The next arriuall vnto that is MuziruÌ„ a Marte Towne of Inde diffamed for Sea Rouers Afterward by diuers Hauens yée come to Cottonare to which Towne they conuey theyr pepper in boates made of one whole Trunke Those that goe to Inde take water eyther before the beginning of the dogge dayes or immediatly after the beginning of them in the mids of Summer And when they come backe againe they saile in December The spéediest wynd out of Inde warde is the Northeast But when they come to the Red sea then must eyther a Southeast or a full South winde serue The largenesse of Inde is reported to be seauen thousand and fifty myles The space of Carmania is a hundred myles a part wherof is not wythout Uynes Moreouer they haue a kind of men that liue by nothing els but by the flesh of Tortoyles rugged and hayrie all sauing the face which alonelie hath a thynne skinne and they be clad in skynnes of fishes They are named Chelonophages CAP. LXVII of the Gulfe of Persia and the Gulfe of Arabie and of the Azanian Sea THe red sea breaketh into these Coasts and is deuided into two Gulfs Whereof that which is toward the East is called the Gulfe of Persia because the Persians inhabit that coast It is in compasse sixe thousande and twenty myles about The other Gulfe oueragainst which lyeth Arabie is called the Arabick Gulfe and the Ocean that floweth in there is called the Azanian Sea Uppon Carmania ioyneth Persia which beginneth at the Ilande Aphrodisia welthy of sundry sortes of ryches translated sometime into y â— name of Parthians stretching fiftie myles along the sea coast where it faceth the West The noblest Towne of that Realme is Susa in which is the temple of Susia Diana A hundred and fiue and thirty myles from Susa is the towne Babytace all the inhabiters whereof for the hatred they beare to golde doo bye vp this kynde of metall and delue it déepe in the ground to the intent they shoulde not be defiled with the vse thereof and so worke vnrighteously for couetousnesse sake Héereabouts is most vncertaine measuring of grounds and not wythout cause inasmuch as some nations about Persis méet theyr lands by Schaenes some by Parasanges and othersome after an vnknowne manner so that theyr vncertaine order in méeting maketh that a man cannot tell what measure to trust vnto CAP. LXVIII of Parthia and of King Cyrus tombe PArthia is so large a Country that on y â— south-side it encloseth the red sea and on the North side the Hyrcanian Sea In it are eightéene Kingdoms which are deuided into two parts Eleuen of them which are called the vpper kingdoms beginne at the borders of Armenie and passe along the Caspian sea coast to the land of the Scithians with whom they liue like good peaceable neighbors The other seauen nether kingdoms for so they terme theÌ„ haue on the East the Aries and Arians on the South Carmania on the West the Medes and on the North the Hyrcanians And Media if selfe running ouerthwart on the west side encloseth both the kingdoms of Parthia On the North it is bounded with Armenia on the East it beholdeth the Caspians on y â— South Persis and from thence this Coast passeth foorth to a Castle which the Wysemen call Passargada and here is the Tombe of King Cyrus CAP. LXIX of Babylon of the Athlantish Ocean of the Ilands of the Gorgons and of the fortunate Iles. THe heade of the Countrey Chaldea is Babylon builded by Semyramis so renowmed that for the noblenesse thereof both the Assyrians and Mesopotamians yéelded into the name of Babilon the Cittie is in compasse thréescore myles enuironed wyth walles two hundred foote hygh and fiftie foote broade euery foote béeing longer then the foote which we measure wyth by the bredth of thrée of our longest fingers The Ryuer Euphrates runneth through it There is the Temple of Belus lupiter whom euen the religion it selfe that beléeueth there is a God reporteth to haue béene the founder of that heauenly discipline In spyght of thys Citty the Parthyans builded Ctesiphon But nowe it is time to retyre to the Coasts of the Ocean and
to call backe my penne into Aethyop For as wee haue alreadye tolde howe the Athlantish Sea taketh his beginning at the west and at Spayne so it is also conuenient to be declared from whence hee beginneth first to beare the name of Atlas in these partes of the worlde also The Azanian Sea holdeth on vnto the Coaste of Aethyop The Aethiopian Sea continueth from thence to the Promontorie Mossylicum and from thence forth it taketh againe the name of the Athlantish Ocean Therefore whereas many haue helde opinion that all that part is not possible to bee sayled by reason of the excéeding heate Iuba auoucheth the contrarye And for assured proofe that the matter is so indéede hée maketh a rehearsall of the Nations Ilandes by the way giuing vs to vnderstande that all that Sea is saylable from Inde vnto the straights of Marrock so as it be when the wynde lyeth Southwest by west the blast whereof is able to driue anie Nauie by Arabie Egypt and Mauritanie so they direct theyr course from that Promontory of Inde which some call Lepten acran and othersome name Drepanum Moreouer he added the places of harbrough and the distance of them one from another For from the promontorie of Inde to the Ilande Malachus they affyrme to bee fiftéene hundred myles From Malachus to Scaeneon two hundred twenty fiue miles From thence to the Ilande Sadanus a hundred and fiftie myles and so is made to the open Sea eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene myles The same Iâ—ba so striueth against the opinion of manie which saie that most parte of this Coast is vninhabitable of mankind by reason of the heate of the Sunne that he affyrmeth the Merchantmen to bee troubled in their passage out of the Iles of Arabie which the Arabians called Ascitae possesse who haue that name of their dooings For they ioyne borders together and couer them ouer with Leather and sayling forth in this kinde of Shyppe assaile the passengâ—rs with venomâ—d Darts And hee affyrmeth also that the scorched Countries of Aethiop are inhabited by the nations of the Iâ—thyophages and Troglodits of whom the Troglodits are so swift a foote that they ouertake the wilde Beastes whom they chace The Icthyophags are able to swim in the salt water as well as the verye Beastes of the Sea In serching the Athlantish Sea euen to the west bee maketh mention of the Iles of the Gorgons also The Gorgon Iles as we vnderstand are ouer against the Promontorie which wee call Hesperionkeras These are inhabited by the Monstars called Gorgons and surelie a monstrous nation possesseth them yet They are distant from the maine land two dayes sayling Xenophon Lampsacenus hath reported that Hanno King of the Afers wasted ouer into them and founde women there as swyft as byrds and that of all the number that were séene but two could bee taken which were so rough and rugged of bodye that for a remembraunce of the strange sight hee hung vp theyr two skinnes for a wonder among other gyfts in the Temple of Iuno which continued there vnto the destruction of Carthage Beyond the Gorgons are the Iles of the Hesperides which as Sebosus affyrmeth are withdrawn fortie dayes sayling into the innermost hart of the Sea They report that the fortunate Iles lye against the left side of Mauritanie which Iuba sayth are situate vnder the South but next vnto the West By reason of the names of these I suppose a great wonder is looked for but the matter is not equall to the same of the worde In the first of them which is called Ombrion neither is nor hath béene anie houses The toppes of the Hyls are watry with Pooles Réedes growe vp to the bygnes of Trées Those of them that be blacke when they be pressed yéelde a most bitter liquor but thosâ— that bée white yéeld a iuyce good to make drinke of They say that another of those Iles is named Iunoma wherein are a fewe cotages ilfauoredly pyked at the toppes The third is néere vnto this and of y â— same name but all is bare and naked The fourth is called Capraria which swarmeth beyond al measure with monstrous great Lucerts Next followeth Niuaria where the ayre is thick and clowdie and therefore euer snowing And lastlie Canaria replenished with Dogs of excéeding hugenesse whereof two were presented to King Iuba In that Ile remain some foundations of buildings Ther is great plenty of byrds fieldes full of fruitful Trées places bearing Dates great store of Pyneapples aboundance of Honney and Ryuers swarming wyth Fyshes called Silures Also it is sayde that the wauing Sea casteth vppe monstrous beastes vppon the land which lying styll there and rotting infect all thinges wyth an horrible stinche and therefore the qualitie of those Ilands agrée not altogether to their name FINIS Opinions concerning the name of Rome Valentia * That is about the 19. day of December The time of the buildinge of Rome Hercules Cacus Tarchon Marsias Megales a Phâ—ygian the firste founder of the arte of Birdspelling among the Sabines Nicostrate couÌ„ted one of the nine Sybilles Hercules Chappell and the institution of hys Ceremonies Myagrus the God of Flyes The Treasorie of Saturne The dwelling of Nicostrate Wherof the Romane Pallace tooke that name * That is to saâ— of Romulus * The time of the building of Rome by Romulus the 19. of Aprill The first Tryumph * The seconde day of Iuly Tatius king of the Sabines Numa Pompilius the second K. of the Romains Tullus Hostiliuâ— Ancus Martiuâ— Tarquine the Elder Seruius Tullius Tarquine the proude Opynions of the time of the building of Rome An Olimpiad and what it contayneth Of the sundry gouernments in Rome Caesar Augustus The mis-fortunes of the Emperour Augustus * Her 〈…〉 Foretokens of the death of Augustus Monstruous fruitfulnesse of Women Twentie ChildreÌ„ at three câ—â—ld beddes * He was also called Methymâ—us The byrth of Hercules and Iphicluâ— Of the conception of Man Of such as are borne wyth theyr feete forwarde The first Caesar among the Romaines Zoroastres king of the Bactrians Crassus * That is to saye laughterlesse Socrates Heraclitus and Diogines Examples of singuler streÌ„gth * Running leaping buffeting wrestling and throwing of the Sledge * The Cock-stone * A seely how Of straungers that resembled one another Of the talenes and goodly personages of men in olde time Pusio and Secundilla Gabbara Orestes A dead body of monstrous bignesse An ouerswifâ— growth The manner of measuring a Manne Naturall reuerence in bodyes disceased Of Swiftnes Ladas Polymestor Phylippides Antistius and Philonides Quickâ—â—â—tednes Strabo Callicrates A race of strange Women Valiantnes Lucius Sicinius Marcus Sergius the Father of Catiline C. Iuliusâ— Caesar. Cyrus King of Persia. Lucius Scipio Cyneas Methridates Memorie made by Arte. The perishing and losse of memorie Messala Coruinus Feare Athis the Sonne of king Craesus Excellency of manners Cato Scipio Aemilianus Scipio Nasica
Eloquence or learning The singuler estimation of learning in those dayes Archilocus the Poet. Sophocles the Tragedy wryter Pindarus the Harper Possidonius the Philosopher Quintus Ennius Plato Socrates Godlinesse A poore child-bearing woman Chastitie Claudia Sulpitia Happynes Cornelius Sylla Aglaus The founders of the cheefe Citties and places in Italie Who brought Letters first into the shyre where Rome is The time of the comming of Aeneas into Italy Sybill of Cumes Sybill of Delphos Sybill of Aerithra The description of Italie The length of Italy The breadth of Italie The whole circuit of Italy * Now called mount Cimera The Ryuer Po. * Nowe called Lombardy A certaine kindred priuiledged from hurt of fire A people vnable to be hurt by Serpents Circe Augitia and Medea the daughters of Octas King of Colchos A horrible kind of Viper A wonderfull kind of Snake Wolues Hartwolues Lynxes The stone Lyncurion * That is to say Lynxpisse Dumb Grashop pers * The Sea of Genoa Corall The Syrtite oâ— sandstone The VeieÌ„tane Stone * This Ilande is nowe called S. Maryes of Trinitie Diomedes birds The wonderfull nature of them Dalmatia and Illyrick are novâ— one countrey and are called Sclauoni The founding of the Citty of Marsilles The description of the Ryuer of Rhone Saint Mary of Leke * Palmaria or Palmarosa * Procida * Elba * Caprara * Pianosa * Ischia * The sea of Genoa The Catochite The Shonsunne The Heaâ—be Sardonia The wholesomnesse and commoditie of the waters of Sardinia A water that discouereth theft The Plat of Cicilye a Capo passaro b Morea c The heade of the fare d Capo Boey A Lake that serues both for hunting and fishing A straunge Lake * Messana The first inhabiters of Sicill * Archimedes * Mount Gibell and the wonderfulnesse thereof * Caâ—torby * That place is now called Anna * Catanea * Saragoza A notable example of loue toward the Parents The Fountaine Arethusa and the Riuer Alpheus The Well of Diana Herbesus Acis Hymerus Saltmynes * Gergent A dauncing Fountaine A stincking Poole Vulcans Hyll See howe the deuill can worke false miracles * The Agate The Ring of king Pyrrhuâ—â— Coralagats The whole circuit of Sicilie Vâ—lcans Iles. * Maretam * Strombolie * Aâ—â—cur * Faelicaâ—â—â— * Cimera of Albany * Albanye A well of strang nature Dodon Delphos The situation of Acarnania * The Galacâ—â—â—â— or Milk-stone Scioessa * The Country about Lacedemon The storie of Arion the Mufician that was brought thether through the Sea vppon a Dolphins backe * Called also Lacedemon and now called Miâ—ithra Taygeta Inachus Epidaurus nowe called Rhagusia and Dubronik Arcady * This Fountaine was named Phineus White Mauisses The stone called Asbest The gamings of Isthmos * Now called Morea The description of Peloponnesus The true Greece Athens nowe called Satmes Mount Hymet The Fountaine Callyâ—hoe This battell waâ— betweene the Persians and Athenians Baeotia Thebae nowe called Thiua Helicon * Horsewell * Negroponâ— The Hauen of Aulis Two wonderfull Ryuers The Partriches of Baeotia The nature of Partriches in generall * Betweene Caesar and Pompey Mount Olimpus * Modon Philoctetes The bounds of Macedonie * The people of Seruia Rascia The Orestides The Gyants war agaynst Heauen The descent of the kinges of Macedoni * Which may be interpreted Goteham King Alexander a louer of Musick Kinge Archelaus a louer of Learning King Phillip Great Alexandeâ— The stone Paeantis * Romania The manners and customes of the auncient Thracians The Ryuer Hebrus Mount Haemus Abdera Democritus Of the nature and order of Cranes * It may be interpreted Goldenhorne * Constantinople * Durazo * The Sea of Constantâ—nople The nature of Swallowes * That is to say a narrow balke of grounde betweene two seas * It may be interpreted Hartsted * Dogs Tombe or dogs graue * Danow or Tonware * Corâ—u * Now Candiâ— The situation of Candy * Or Gotesea The auncient names of Candy * The blessed Ile Of things first founded in that Ile Mount Ida. The manners and customes of the auncient Candians Illusion of the deuill by walking Ghostes What thinges Candy breedetâ— * Hungarlesse * The Fingerstone * Brasselande * Negropont * Sdiles * Quaylland Of Qâ—ayleâ— and of theyr propertyes * The Quailguyde The headlond of Capharew * The Stone Sarda Naxus now called Nâ—xia Now it is called Nicaria Samos Pythagoras * Now called Mylo * Scarpanto * Stalimene The exceeding height of Mounâ— Athos * Saint Geoâ—ges arme * The Sea of Constantinople * The straighte of Constantiple and it signifieth the Oxeforde The wonderful nature of Dolphins and their loue towardes manne * Pozzolo * Neptune Tunnyes * Danow or Tonware 〈◊〉 Agats and Porphyris * They are nowe a part of Moscouia * May be interpâ—eted Fayrfeete they are also a people of Mosâ—ouia * Nepar The Neuers are now a part of Moscouia * The manners and customes of the auncient Moscouites * These were afterward called Getes and nowe are Tartarians * These also are now Tartariaâ—s * Meneaters or Cannibals * Theyr Countrey is now called Zuira Seroan Wonderful dogs of the nature and property of dogs in general Examples of the loue of dogges toward theyr Masters * It is nowe called Albanie Dogs vsed in battell The Essedons deuourers of mans fleshe * Grâ—syers * Tillmen The manners of the Vplandish Tartarians in olde time * Sebastâ—ople The wonderfull nature of the enterie into the Caspian Sea Araxes * The Arimaspes * It may be englished Fetherlande Gryffons Emerawdes Etesiaâ— Cyanies * This should seeme to be the stone called Lapis Lazulus Crystall The Hiperboreans â—he Arymphaeâ—anâ— The Cimmerians and Amazons Hircanie Of Tygers Pantherâ— A Panther and a Lybard is all one kinde of Beaste This Hearbe iâ— also called Woolfwort Lybardeâ— * Now called Nepar The Frozen Sea The water of the Caspian Sea is sweete of taste * It is nowe found to be many Ilands * They may be called Egge Ilands * Hors-feete Vnmeasurable cares Of the nature of Harts The Hearbe Dittayne The Artichoke A speciall preseruatiue against poyson A remedy against the burning Ague Gotebucks The boâ—nds the auncient Germaniâ— * They were Indwellers * Hertswalde * Elb. * Wixell Strange byrdâ— The be also câ—lled Buffles or wylde Oxen Vres Alâ—â— Sconeland * Munster taketh this beast to be the Alce * Now called Sudawe Of Amber * That is to say by the latin name of it which is Succinum The stone Callais * They may bee interpreted black â—oppes The Ceraunie or thunderstone The more part of it is now the Realme of Fraunce * The Mountaine of Geneua or the Mountaines of Auuerne * The Mountaine of Saint Claude * Sweuia * The Lake of Constance * Bauyer * Austrich anâ— Hungary * Walachy A wonderfull Oyle Britayne which nowe is England Scotland * Catenâ—sse Ireland and the