being in despaire thereof never offered to attempt their freedome and therefore stayed there whereupon he travailed through the woods towards Dorgio the next Lord knew him and he was conveyed from one to another untill at length he came to Dorgio where he stayed three yeares and hearing of divers Boates that were arrived there he went to the sea side and asking of whence they were they said of Estotiland he being glad requested to be entertained by them and carried to their country which they gladly granted and used him for their Interpretor After that he frequented that trading with them and became very rich wherewith he furnished a barke returned into Friezeland and to his Lord made this report of that wealthy Country He is credited here for that the Mariners doe affirme his reports to be true wherefore this Lord is resolved to send me forth with a fleete toward these parts but it was not so for Zâ—chmni went himselfe and concerning their proceedings I have a Letter in forme following OVr preparation for Estotiland was begun in an unluckie houre for three dayes before our departure the Fisherman dyed that should have beene our guide notwithstanding this Lord would not give over the enterprise taking the Marriners that returned with him making our navigation to the Westward we discovered Ilands subject to Friesland and having passed certaine shelves we stayed at Ledovo 7. dayes The first of Iuly we arrived at Ilofe we stayed not there but had a veâ—ing storme at Sea for 8. dayes not knowing where we were a great part of their barkes were cast away the weather being faire they gathered up the pieces of broken barkes sayling on with prosperous wind they discovered land at W. They tooke harbour and an infinite company of armed men came to defend their Iland Zichmni makes signes of peace sends 10. men of ten severall languages but they could understand none but one that was of Iseland who informed them that the Ilands name was Icâ—ria named after the name of the first King of that place whom they say was sonne to Dedalus King of Scotland who conquered that Iland and left his sonne there for King and they called this Sea the Icarion Sea in remembrance of that King in further search was drowned there They would not suffer us to land but onely they would receive one man to learne the Jtalian tongue as they had received the other tenne He espying a harbour on the East side put therein for wood and water but the inhabitants assaults slew and maimed many of them enforcing them away and sayling about the Cape of the Iland towards the North we found many shoalds amongst the which we were ten dayes continually in danger of losing our whole fleete Zichmni seeing he could not prevaile against the force of the Ilands sailed 6. dayes towards the West but the wind changing into S. W. he sayled 4. dayes with wind a poope with a growne sea he discovers land not knowing what land and rowing to it with Oares they finde a good harbour and see farre off a Mountaine that cast forth smoake Zichmni sent forth an hundred Souldiers to search what people inhabited it the whiles he takes in wood and water catches great store of fish and Sea fowle with such aboundance of Egges that his men halfe famished were filled therewith this was in Iune the ayre so temperate pleasant as impossible to expresse They finde no people they name the haven Trine the Souldiers returning backe had bin through the Iland finds the fire naturall that the hils bottome produced and that there was a Spring which issued water like pitch and run into the Sea and that there dwelt a multitude of people of small stature hiding themselves in caves in the ground Zichmni taking liking to the soyle stayes there with such as were willing the rest he sent away in the ships wherein unwilling I was Captaine Anthonie sayles 20. dayes East without sight of any Land altering his course S. E. in 5. dayes he discovered Neome he knowing the Country had sailed past an Iland as he found he victuailed here the Iland being subiect to Zichmni And in 3. dayes he sailes to Friesland What followed after this Letter he knew not but by coniecture that Zich built a City and discovered on both sides of Engroneland and that he see it particularly described in the Sea carde but the narration is lost The beginning of his letter is thus COncerning these things that you desire to know of me as of their Manners and Customes of the Beasts and Countryes adioyning I haue made thereof a particular Booke which by Gods helpe I will bring with me wherein I have described the Country the monstrous Fishes the Lawes and Customes of Friesland Iseland Eastland the Kingdome of Norway Estotiland Dorgio an the end of the life of Mr. Nicolo with his discoverie and the state of Engroneland I have also written the Life and Acts of Zichmni a Prince as worthy of Immortall memory as any that ever lived for his great vigilancy and singular humanity Wherein I have described the discovery of Engroneland on both sides and the Citty he builded and further I hope to be with you very shortly to satisfie you by word of mouth All these Letters were written by Mr. Anthonie to Mr. Carlo his brother FOr the more credit and confirmation of the former History of Mr. Nichcolo and Mr. Anthonie which for some few respects may be called in question I have hereunto annexed the judgement of that Famous Cosmographer Abraham Ortelius or rather the yeilding or submitting of his judgment thereunto who in his Theatrum Ortis Fol. 6. next after the Mappe of Mar del Zur borroweth proofe and authority out of this Relation to shew that the N. E. part of America called Estotiland is in the Originall alwaies affirmed to be an Iland was about the yeere 1390. discovered by the foresaid Venetians and aboue 100. yeares before Columbus set sayle for these Westerne Regions and that the Northerne Seas were even then sailed by our Europian Pilates This writer acknowledging that Originall copies of the Zenijs Letters were by him careleslly torne in peeecâ— in his youth which losse he now grieued at I doubt in this he was enforced in many things to patch vp as his memorie would serve so as there may be some likelyhood of vntruths howsoever I doe beleeue the first Copies were true though this is subiect to mistakings To continue antiquity may be to some purpose seeing there may be some vse thereof by the painfull Seamen otherwise it may something satisfie the never satisfied Curious who enquire after the beginning of things and herein Mr. Hakeluits paines doth deserve great commendations who recordeth in his English Voyages That Madoc soone of Oween Guyneth Prince of North Wales left the Land in contention betweene his Brethren and prepared certaine ships with Men and Munition and sought adventures by Sea sailing West leaving the coast of
and Iland in 30 fathomes the tyde went E. 2 knots the land lay E and West but I could not fully say it was an Iland for it lay like a Ridge or to Simily it like to the Retyres in the mouth of the River of Saine in Normandie I do hold that all those peeces of ice here are ingendered about those low Capes and Bayes as Mansils also is where easie tides goe they are soone frose over the Snow falling there on thickneth them so that by degrees they increases the Pettiedancere brought nor sent us any storme this night ended in raine and it was easie wind from the E N E. Wee made from the Ice this morning to stand to the land Da 21 we see last night it was ebbe tyde and set to the E. and I plide alongst it to find a fit place for the boate to land in it was iust at low water for they were glad to stay the setting of their glasse untill the tyde began to flowe And after that time clock 10. they staied untill it began to fall viz. 4 houres and so I accounted on shipboard riding upon 6 fath nere shoare the water so transparent as you might easily see the bottome the ice comming upon us we weyed Anchor the wind came gently from the N. we stood it upon the tyde to and againe along the land loofing and wareing from ice which came driving with the flood At their comming on board their accompt was this that the tyde did flowe but 4. howres and that it heightned but 6. foote and this was 2 dayes after the Coniunction of the Sunne and Moone so that the flood began at ½ past 10. and ended at ½ past 2. by this a South and by W. Moon makes a full Sea and the tydes motion ends with the flowing assuredly this was Carie Swans nest for both from East and West ends it stretcheth to the North our men chast Swans on shoare but got none they say there is earth strange Mosse Quag-myres and water plashes at clocke 4. I tocke leave and stood along from 6. fathomes into 30 loosing sight thereof and from thence I stood to the Westward◠with North-West wind close haled leaving both th◠Cape and the Ice behinde mee for the Sea Mors to sleepe upon there being good store thereabout Moneths July From the Cape or Swannes Nest this noone-tyde I was Da 22 16 leagues and one mile no ground at 70 fathomes for I was loth to stay the ship at any time me thought sayling had been uncouth but at 4 this morning I had 90 fathomes owzy ground thicke weather the wind easie and shifting betwixt N and N W. my way was to Southward of West This Meridian I was in 61 deg 37 min. at 8 the last day I Da 23 tooke the ship about and made way untill this day 12 11 leagues 2 miles N W. ½ W. it hath beene a faire cleare day easie winds the ayre warme and no Ice since I came into this Sea I did but thinke I saw land at N E. by E. This smooth Sea hath a small set from the West with lippering rising and falling as other Shallow Seas use to have the deepe last night was 115 fathomes I made way to this day 12 N W. by W. ½ W. 13 leagues This close morning hid the Sunne untill noone we being Da 24 in 120 fathomes the afternoone was cleare and gently breathed from W N W. I have not tryed for fish in this Sea as I did in Fretum Hudson where I got none I thanke God here we have not the like leisure here are some Seales but few Fowles the latitude of noone was 62 deg 20 min. here appeares to be more Riplins of Tyde the variation by Azimuth and Almicanter was 26 deg 31. min. at most the Sunne went cleare to bed and at midnight we had 60 fathomes deepe This morning Amplitude was 5 deg the Refraction is Da 25 great here and the Horizons thicke which begets uncertainties besides the Needle yet is very slow in comming to his respective point I now hope for warmer weather and clearer Sea than heretofore at noone I had 55 fathomes in latitude to 62 deg 36 min. since last day I made way N by E. 18 leagues faire weather the Sunne went downe cleare Ioy to our Antipodes the Henban flashing all night was a Da 26 hot day in as England in the morning I had 58 fathomes and white Corall the latitude 63 deg 20 min. the way since last day was N. 4 deg East 18 leagues since clocke 4 wee lay Larbord Tack N. W. it was a few drops of raine this Evening yet the Sunne set cleare and wee had deepe 65 fathomes at midnight and then was in the Ayre many Pettie-dancers The last night was so hot as it dryed up 15 fathomes water Moneths Iuly Da 27 for this morning we had but 50 the wind was betweene W and N N W. here was great store of Rockeweed and Tangle In the Ripline of a Tide I caused the boat to be lanched in 31 fathomes the Tyde came from N. by W. ½ a mile in an houre All this day the fog banks hath deceived mee but now I am sure I see land both the maine and Ilands of which there are many lying about 2 leagues into the Sea all ragged and broken rocks within this land bore from N. E. by E. to W. by S. here are great store of fish leaping and fairer weather cannot be I have sent the boat to land and to my comfort three things I could espie by the shore that it was flood Tyde and that it came from the Southward and that it doth flow and fall very much water before we came neere the Iland wee came over a banke of 8 fathomes and neerer the Iland we fell into 15. there seeming upon the land to be Poles erected and buildings of stone and other hillocks like Haycocks The boat went on land at clocke 6. and stayed 3 glasses or one houre and ½ in which time it flowed neere sixe foot it was flood before they went for while they were rowing to shore I did observe it had flowed at least 3 foot by certain rocks that were dry at our first approach they say that it had about 9 foot to flow at clocke 8. the tide returned and set to S. W. ward which sheweth that it runs halfe tide or else the Main beyond it is an Iland about which the tyde may have an uncontrary course as in some of the Sounds of the Iland of Selly at Englands W. end this Iland doth lie in 64 d. 10. m. of latitude and I took this place to be the N. E. side of Sir Thomas Buttons ut ultra I could see to the N. E. ward of this at least 10 leagues but no land at E. or S. E. it being as cleare an evening as could be imagined the land to be seene was from the N N. E. to the
upon the West side of Bâ—â—â—ons Bay whereas there it flowed so much water as before and a W. S. W. Moone now coasting along this West side upon a S. W. by S. true course as the land did lie about 18 leagues to an Iland I named Brâ—â—ke Cobham there the best observation that I could make I found that it flowed a West by South Moone and but 10 foot the neepe Tyde but indeed I doe distrust this account as in my journall doth appeare Coasting from hence to Port Nelson 130 leagues I found it there to flow a N. W. Moone and in the neepe Tide but 9 foot water and the best Spring Tyde assisted by the wind brought in but 14 foot water and after from thence towards Hudsons West Bay it flowed lesse water vetâ—unne with course for the time of full Sea went with Sunâ—e so as it was easie to conjecture that I went from the Tyde which is especially to be incerted to make this Treatise to be better understood and how this tide doth waste it selfe Now it cannot be denyed but that this Tyde that is moved according to the course of Tydes with his constant ebbing and â—lowing so great a distance as about the West side of this Bay câ—â—cuting neere betwixt Hudsons Bay and Sir Thomas Roes Wâ—lcome the distance of it neere 253 leagues having many rubbes and checkes by the way amongst the ilands and shoals should be able to repaire and recall againe this huge quantity of waters every 12 houres if it were not fed and â—upplyed from some great and waste Ocean nor if there prove to be a passage as is most likely as hereafter shall follow it cannot be conceived but that it must be so spatious as cannot be visable betweene land and land and why may it not be that there is no straight but that the Sea lies open to the North as at C. Finmarke after that the land doth trent Westward as may be suspected by the want of ice that the land being farre remote to the North or West the South doth keepe it selfe from frigitating by its continuall chaâ—ing and adjectating as we see by the iles of farre shotland and Orkney standing in and neere the same parallel with our frozen Fretum Hudson where no Snow will lie for any time in Winter the cause may be by the Seas moving about them their circuits being so small as the Seas breathing through the Tydes and winds contiuuall chafing about them doth evaporate some part of his warmenesse into the Ayre whereby the frost is restrained from the exercise of his power for the Sea hath a kinde of temporature betwixt too hot and too colde in the hot and cold Zones it is much to bee hoped by this want of ice that as at the North Cape of â—inmarke although I doe assure mee that this passage lyeth South-wards off that parallell and about the Articke Circle that this Continent of the Septentrionall part of America may incline to the West Southward about this latitude as that of Europes doth to the East for by this flowing of water in 60 d. 10 m. neere 4 fathomes as at Resolution in the East it cannot be farre to the winding of the land Westwards The next is to inquire from whence this Tyde should come for that is the way to the passage for it cannot be said to come from the East through Fretum Hudson for there need no more to disprove that then what went before when that Tyde did end at Carie Swans Nest in flowing but 6 foote and 4 houres as it doth at the height of all Rivers being farre from the Sea Should it come from the North then it should as well Current that land on the East side of this Bay to Carie Swans Nest along that small distance of 40 leagues if such a thing be at all or no as upon the West side For 250 leagues of now knowne discovery setting from the North it should divide equall waters betwixt them which is found to the contrary and if such land doth lie 40 leagues along from Swannes Nest Westward then is there not aboue 30 more for the brenth of the passage froÌ„ through whence this ride doth come which I should thinke were to narrow to let in and out so much water in the time mentioned to bring any flood on this side now in handling for at Swannes Nest the flood set West and the Ebbe East and if this Tyde going West were met with more water from thence it must flow extraordinarily high at the Nest as in great Rivers in time of land-land-waters the Sea flood meeting puts up the waters to such heights as doth inforce all their bounds and rejected the Tydes course which I found to be constant for that I was there two floods one ebbe and a halfe How can it now be imagined but that the Tâ—de doth come from the West and so coasteth along the same side as wee may observe upon all Tydes from what sea soever they come looke upon what side they enter they Current the same and so doth this for that called Vtultra never proved Bay yet and who hath named the same might as well be deceived here as at other places by fogs bankes for if this part be protracted I cannot see that there is any discovery made at all on both sides betweene Hubarts vaine hope and Swanneâ— Nest worth the noting Therefore it must be confest that this Tyde doth come from the West so inclining to that shore and that it is a Tide hath been proved for I doe not thinke that there 's any that will pretend inundating impulsing or ingulfing and that it doth proceed from some great Ocean is without all contradiction for comming to this West side I found great store of fish playing at the crust of the water and of great fish which is a maine argument for there was Whales Sea-mors and Seales of which there are infinite which fish doe not hive in Winter but in deepe Oceans and that those Whales must come from the West is certaine for all the way from Cape Farewell in all that distance of neere 500 leagues we did not see one untill I came there which if there had beene any lying so long becalmed and amongst the ice having light nights we should have seene them for they are fish that affect to play and breath above the water The maine land was high within Sir Thomas Roes Welcome as in all the straights besides with deepe water to shore whereas discovering Southwards it fell to bee low land with shallow shore at 11 fathoms wee could but see it upon the hatches This is much contrary to the Oceans who are bounded with high mountainous climes steepe Promontories ragged Rockes and inamoled Ilands subsisting upon insearchable deepes salt and greene-coloured waters wherein live the great sishes Now let us compare this Tyde with some others neerer our owne home with which we are the most familiar as
comming to rescue Estland his Fleete vtterly perished which Zichmni having notice of by a ship of the Enemies he determines to set vpon Iseland Which together with the rest was subiect to the King of Norway but he finding the Country well fortified his small Fleete were glad to retire In the same channels he assaulted the other Iles called Iseland which are 7. Talas Broas Heance Trans Mimant Dambere and Brest and having spoiled them all hee built a Fort in Brest where he left Mr. Nicolo with men small Barkes and Munition and with the few ships he had left he returned to Friesland Mr. Nicolo in 〈◊〉 with 3. small Barkes sailes Northward and arrives in Engroneland where he found a Monasterie of Friers neare a hill that casteth forth fire like Vesurius Etna They subsist specially by a Fountaine of water issuing from that Hill whereby the Monastery and all other buildings are refreshed and warmed at their pleasure as also their Gardens thowed and watered their stones for building are cast out of this combustable forge which being once cooled will not dissolue but taken hot and cast into Water maketh a marvailous strong lime the people haue these devoted men in great veneration They feed vpon wild Fowle and Fish for the Bay or Haven by reason of the heate of this Water doth neuer freeze by meanes whereof there is such concourse of Sea-fowle and abundance of fish whereby all the people are fed and maintained and 1000. imployed about taking the same Hither in Summer time which lasts but three Moneths come many Barkes from the Ilands thereabout and from the Cape about Norway and from Trondon and exchange all needfull commodities for fish which they dry with the Sunne or cold to this Monastery resort many Friers of Norway Sâ—etia but the most part are of Iseland There are continually in that part many Barkes which are kept there by reason of the Sea being froze waiting for the Spring to dissolue the Ice Their Boates are made like vnto Weavers shuttles taking the skins of fishes and sowing them together in many doubles they fashion them with the bones of the same fish and make them so sure and substantiall that it is marvailous to see how in tempests they will shut themselues close with in and let the sea and wind carry them they care not whither without either breaking or drowning and if they chance to be driven vpon the Rocks they remaine sound without any bruise at all and they haue as it were a sleeue in the bottome which is tyed fast in the middle and when there commeth any water into the Boat they put it into the one halfe of the sleeue then fastening the end with two peeces of wood and loosening the band beneath they convay the water forth of the Boat and this they doe as often as they have occasion Moreover this Water is of a Sulphurous brimstone nature and is conveyed into vessels of Brasse Tinne and Stone and so imployed to all vses to warme their houses or boile their meate without any stinke or noisome smell The Friers of this Monastery speake all the Latine tongue and this is all that then was knowne of Engroneland Mr. Nicolo dyed in Friesland and being dead Anthonie succeeded him both in Goods and Dignitie and albeit he attempted and made great supplication yet could he not obtaine licence to returne to his Countrey For Zichmni intended to make himselfe Lord of the Sea vsed his counsell and determined to send him with divers Barkes to the West-wards for that certaine Fishermen of his had discovered certaine Ilands very rich and populous which discovery Mr. Anthony in a Letter to his Brother Carolo recounteth thus SIx and twenty yeares since there departed 4. fisher Boates the which a mighty tempest tossed too fro divers dayes when at length they discovered an Iland called Estotoland lying West-ward above 1000. miles from Freesland vpon which one of the Boates was cast away and the 6. men therein were taken and carried to a faire and populous City where the King sent for many Interpreters but none could vnderstand their language but one who spoake Latine who was also cast there by chance who vnderstanding their case rehearsed it to the King who caused theÌ„ to stay in his Country 3. yeares in which time they learned the Language one of them was in divers parts of the Iland and reports it to be Rich and aboundeth with all Commodities of the world it is little lesse then Iseland but farre more fruitfull in the middle is a Mountaine from whence there Springs 4. Rivers that passe through the whole Countrey The Inhabitants are very witty people and have all Arts and faculties as we have and it is credible that in times past they have had traffique with our men for be said he saw Latine bookes in the Kings Library which at that present they did not understand they have a peculiar language and letters or characters to themselves they have Mines of all manner of mettals but they abound with Gold they have trade in Engroneland from whence they bring Furres Brimstone and Pitch he saith that to the Southward there is a great populous country very rich in gold they sow Corne and make Beere and Ale and use it as we do wine they have mighty great woods there are many Cities and Castles They build small Barkes and have sayling but they have not the Loadstone nor know not the use of the Compasse wherefore the Fishers were had in great estimation insomuch that the King sent them Southward to a country they call Dorgio but in that voyage they had such weather that they thought to have perished in the sea but escaping that they fell into another more cruell for they were taken in the Country and the most part of them eaten of the Salvage people which fed upon Mans flesh as the sweetest meat But this Fisherman escaped by teaching them to take fish with nets in the Sea and in fresh rivers whereby he was honoured and beloved of all The Lords of the Country fell out about him and in 13. yeares he was there he was sent to at least 25. of them from one to another to teach his Art of Fishing so that he was in all parts of the Country which he saith is very great the people very rude and voide of goodnesse they all goe naked neither have they wit to cover their bodies with the skins of beasts they take by hunting whereby they are miserably vexed with cold they have Lances sharpe at the point they have Bowes and strings made of beast skins they are a cruell people and have certaine lawes amongst themselves to Southwards the people have more civility the aire being more temperate and have Cities and Temples with Idols there they sacrifice men to Idols and afterwards eate them they have some knowledge of gold and silver Now this Fisherman had an intent to get home but his companions
are simple in all their conversation but very theevish in stealing of Iron of which they make great account They in the end began to shew their Nature in cutting of Cables their Boate from their sternâ— and their Cloathes where they laid to aire They also stole their Oares a Calliver a Boare speare a sword wherevpon they brake the Peace by shooting off a Musket and a Faulcon at which noise they all departed with great feare They returned againe within 10. houres to intreat peace which was immediately granted they brought Seale skinnes and Salmon-peale but seeing Iron they could not forbeare to steale they eate their meate raw drinke salt water and eate grasse and yee with delight Their weapons are for the most darts but some have Bowes and Arrowes and Slinges with their Nettes made of whale-fynne with which they doe artificially catch fish with They have warre with some other Nation or Inland people for many of them are wounded He had amongst them Copper Ore blacke Copper and red Copper thinking to search the habitation of this Country in his Piâ—â—ace he entred a large River and went on Land to discover but the high Mountaines hindred his prospect He gathers Muscles for his supper and tooke harbour for that night vnder the Rockes where he see a mighty whiâ—le wind taking vp the water in great 〈…〉 for the â—pace of 〈…〉 houres without any intermission To conclude he found this not to be firme Land but mighty Rivers and Sounds and Throughlets betweene vast and desert Ilands with passage betweene Sea and Sea he returnes to his ship In his absence the people had stolne an Anchor and with sliâ—gs had thrown stones into the ship of half a pound weight he seemed to the Inhabitants to take no notice of the injurie done him hee tills them on land gives them bracelets and other toyes and intices 7. or 8. on board some of them goes into the maine top After Sunset they begin againe to assault them with stones in slings into the Mooneshine and with one stone strucke the Boatswaine that he overthrew him The 11. they came to make a new truce the Ringleader of the mischiefe was one the truce made they take one prisoner who pointed to his fellowes to bring the things that were stolne and he should be enlarged unto them The wind within an houre came faire they brought the fellow away One of his consorts came and followed talking to him at length they tooke leave making great lamentation The prisoner spake 4. or 5. words to the other clapping his hands vpon his face the other doing the like they depart This prisoner in few dayes grew a pleasant Companion trimmed vp his darts and fishing tooles made Okum and would lay his hand vpon a Roape to haile his meate was first dry Caplin they had taken there in their Tents when it was done he eate poore John The 14. of this Moneth one man dyed the rest were in good Health The 17. in the Latit of 63. â— min. he fell with a huge Iland of Ice in one entire Masse So big as they could not draw the limits with Bay and Capes and like huge Cliffes as he tooke it to be Land at first And in this place he had stickle and strong Currents No other but what the Ice made being forced through the water by the windes and drawing so much water as they bee eyther on ground or neere Also as his motion doth trouble and alter the waters true course which causeth the Tides to edy being neere it as Ilands in the Sea standing in the Flood or Ebbes way will doe the like He Coasts to S. off this Ice vntill the 30. of Iuly and saith ti was such a Barre to his proceedings as all his hopes were banished The 24. all his Ropes were frozen By a grosse fogge his men begin to grow sicke and feeble and told him he ought in Conscience to regard the safetie of his owne life and preservation of others and not through his over-boldnesse to leave their Widdowes and Fatherlesse children to give him bitter curses leave these excuses and come home Davis come home besides the great Ship was too great and unweldy to discover withall besides her charge was 100. pound a moneth So with divers other excuses he sends her homewards and with the Moone-shine made shift to steere E S E. from the Ice to seeke the next Land The first of August he sees land in 66 33. Longitude from London 70. deg here he graues the Moonelight that had beene forth but 3. moneths in a very good roade he findes this land to be all Ilands with Sea on E on W on N. but a Muskâ—ta stung him grievously the people here sends him a Seale driving with the tide which they had boyd up with bladders The people trade with him for skins as the others did and are in all things a like but in pronunciation of language more plaine and not hollow in the throate Their Salvage kept him close and made signes to them to get him a Companion Here he left the Mermaid at Anchor the 12 day and sailes W above 50 leagues sees land in 66 19 this land is 70 leagues from the other he anchors by an Iland of Ice from clock 9 to 3 in the morning The 15. he departs this land to the South sailes untill the 18 and then he sees land N W a faire Promontory in 65 and no land to Southward heere he had great hope of a Passage He sayles still southwards and sees Land S W and by S. the 17. by observation he was in 64 20 m. he had sailed by Chaâ—t and precise account 15 leagues S by W yet upon observation he found it S W. so as he saith it was by a Westerne Current August 19. it fell snow and foule weather they lie at hâ—ll all Night within 5. leagues of land The 20. the weather breakes up they beare in with land and got into a harbour close for all weathers they goe on land and can discerâ—e it to be all Ilands they come away in the afternoone with a N. E. winde faire weather shapes their course to the South whereby they may discover the passage They coast the land untill the 28. finding it still to continue to the S. from 67. to 57. he sees marvailous store of Sea fowle as Guls and others he tries for fish in one glasse kills an 100 Codde although he was but badly provided he doubting the weather steps into harbor in 56. d. sailes 10. leag up a River 2 leagues broad very faire Woods on both sides stayes here untill the first of Sept. had 2. great stormes he went 6. miles on land The woods were Furre Pyne-apple Elder Ewe Withe and Birch hâ— sees a black Beare and here were store of land river fowle as Goose Ducks Black-birdes Iayes Thrush and of Partridge and Feasant he kils great store with Bowe
the Iles of Gods mercy the Master sent this Author over to discover this Iland to the North and North-West he met with a covery of Partridges and kild onely the old one it was barren land having nothing thereon but water plashes and torne Rockes as though it had beene subiect to earthquakes to the North of this Iland there is a great bay or Sea they know not what it may prove there was a great Iland of Ice on ground which with the spring tide was set on float and carried to the N W. but came not backe within sight here they found some drift wood on shoare From thence he stood to S W. to double the land to the W. off him through many peeces of Ice at length he found a cleare Sea and raised land to the N W. whereupon he stood more to S. then before and fell amongst Ice which he would have doubled to the N. but could not then he stood to the S W. amongst the Ice and strove to get to the land but could not for the Ice from out of this bay he stood to the North and was soone cleare of the Ice then he stood to S. W. and W. where he was inclosed with land and Ice having land on the one side from the S. to the N W. and on the other side he see land from E. to W. but the land that lay to the N. and lay E. and W. was but an Iland he went so farre as he could and made fast to the Ice the tyde brought upon him but the ebbe did open and made way and 7 or 8 houres he was cleare and with the great Ilands of Ice was carried to the N W. He stands to the W. along the S. shoare and raised 3 Capes or headlands one above another the middlemost is an Iland with a Bay which he thinkes will prove a good harbour he names them Prince Henries Forland when he had laid these he raised another which was the extreame part of the land looking towards the N. upon it are two hils but one above the rest like an humlocke he names it King Iames his Cape to the N. of this lyes certaine Ilands he names it Queen Annes Forland he still followed the N. shoare beyond the Kings Forland there is a Bay wherein lyeth some broken land and close to the maine but he passed by on the night From thence he stood to the N. and W. to double this land againe and fell with land that stretched from the maine like a shoare from S to N. and from N to W. and downe to S again here a storme takes him and he stands to N. and raises land then he stood to S. againe for he was loathat any time to see the N. shoare the storme continuing and he comming to the S. he found himselfe shot to the W. a great way which he mervailed at considering his leaward way to S. W. ward off this land there is a hill he named Mount Charles to the N. and beyond this is an Iland that to the East hath a fore head land and beyond it to the W. other broken land where he thinks may be found a good harbour he names this Cape Salisbury He then left those lands to the North-East and fell into a ripline or overfall of a current which he thought to be shoald water but had no ground he put on still in sight of the South-land and raised land 2 leag from the maine he tooke it to be the North maine but it proved an Iland having a very faire Head-land to the West which he named Cape Digges on the other side to the East was another Cape or head-land which he called Cape Worstenholme betwixt which two he sailed South He sends the Boate on shore to Digges his Iland and in her going she was overtaken by a storme of Raine Thunder and Lightning they came to the N East-side being high-land but with much adoe going to the highest part they find some plaine ground and Deere 4 or 5. And after 16 in one Heard but could not come nigh them with Musket shot Thus going from place to place they see to the West a Hill higher then all the rest it was steepe and they could not get vp to it but on the South-west side and on that side was a great water pond from whence on the South runneth a streame of water as much as would drive a Mill falling into the Sea and in this place bred great store of Fowle and the best grasse grew there they had seene since their comming from England they found Sorrell and Scurvey-grasse in great aboundance they found likewise Hills made like to hay-cockes within which were great store of Fowle hanged by the neckes they tooke many of them and downe a valley carried them to their Boate. In this time the Master had brought in the Ship betweene the two lands shot off some peeces to call the boat on board for it was a fogge they perswaded him to stay heere for refreshing but he would not but sailed downe to the S. the land beares E from him and the same Maine that he had all the time followed he looseth the sight thereof because it fell away to the East and after he had sailed 25 or 30. leag he came to shallow water broken ground and Rockes which he passed to the S. and in a storme of winde the water still shoalding he came to anchor in 15 fathomes After this he wayed and stood S E. for so the Land laid and came to have land on both sides then he anchored and sent the Boate on land the Land on the W. was a very narrow point and to the S. there was a large Sea He stood to the South betweene these two Lands in this place not above two leagues and in the sight of the East-shore in the end he lost sight thereof and came into the bottome of a bay into 6. or 7. fathom water then he stands vp againe to the N. by the West-shore vntill he came to an Iland in 53 deg where he tooke in water and ballast From thence he passed to the N. but some 2 or 3 dayes after there fell some reasoning concerning their comming into this Bay and going out the Master takes occasion to reviue old matters and displaces his Mate Robert Ivet and also his Boate-swaine for words spoken in the great Bay of Ice he places Robert Bylot his Mate and William Wilson Boate-swaine and then stands vp to the N vntill he raised land and then downe to the S. then vp againe to the N. and then downe to the S. and on Michaelmas day he came in and went out from certaine Ilands which he sets downe for Michalmas Bay from thence he stood to the N. and came into shole water the weather thicke and foule He anchored in 6 or 7 fadomes and lay there 8 dayes before which time he could
there was store of Deere in that Iland I tooke it to be 6 or 7 miles long but they thought it to be parted in two it is all shelves and ridges betwixt the shore and it making as it were a Bay betweene the North land which is high and the South for all the land to South of this is all low land except 3 or 4 places neere unto the West part of Hudsons West Bay where Captaine Iames wintered they say in comming on board hard by the Iland they did espie 40 Whales some say lesse but it seemeth there were many lying there to sleepe so as they tooke them for Rocks they say there is a Cove or Harbour made by small Ilands that a ship may ride in safety for all weathers and have two â—athomes at low water it is on the Eastside the Masters mate told me he wisht the ship therein because there was a bolt in the Stemme which stucke out since the Cut-water was twined off and that it was dangerous to hurt a Cable if wee should Anchor I said wee might Anchor 100 times and yet have kept the Cable cleare from the bolt by letting fall an Anchor of the weather bowe but to conclude Moneths July the time was so farre spent to neglect the opportunity of Discovering to put into harbour for such a trifle When I had stood W. S. W. away from this Iland twelve Da 30 leagues I hal'd in againe W. by N. as I see the Ridges and broken lands stretch and keeping the West Maine alwayes in sight many Ridges did appeare which to goe to Seaward off I stood S W. and by W. for here is dangerous sayling in the clearest weather yet I must not part from sight of the Maine for making my discovery exactly our Deepes from Brooke Cobham have beene 37. 40. 35. 30. fathomes Thanks be given to God it is and hath been long time faire weather and now faire windes from land which makes the better discovering we have still of those Henbans or Pettie-dancers but no storme I Anchored a thwart a little Iland twelve leagues from Brooke Cobham the Master with the boat went on land where it was low water about ½ an houre before 8. at night within this Iland he sees other Ilands and Ledges at low water so as he thought he could have gone on foote to the Maine from hence wee see other Ilands bearing W. S. W. at this Iland the Salvages had been and there was great store of Sea Pigeons thereon he brought alive a dunne Foxe on board and had encountred two Seamors whereof hee launc'd one but for want of helpe they both got away they brought on board good store of Scurvie-grasse which I caused to be pounded and the juyce to be prest forth and put into a Hogshead of strong Beare with command that every one that would should have a pint to his mornings draught but none would taste it untill it was past time and themselves almost past meanes The Master told me he had named this Iland Dunne Foxe Iland after his owne name and the Foxes colour which I liked well The Tyde came from Northeast and it flowed about twelve foote water now I began to know that I went from the Tyde for sayling from this Tyde I lost the passage but I must still follow instruction and hope I wayed at the Masters comming aboord clocke 9. in the Evening standing away with those Ilands the day light had shewed me the Direction was West South West as they Moneths July bore the deepe 7 8 10 15 12. fathomes I altered the course more Southerly for deeper water and going South-West had 12 15 12 10. and so to 25 fathome from 9. to 4 a Clocke I stood still away with flood South West ebbe West untill 8 a clocke in 35 30 20. all to Starreboard was Ridges and broken lands even close to the Maine this night was something darke the Sunne declines fast Southward and wee sayling as fast the same way must needes darken the nights a pace especially those that are thicke and clouded as this was All this morning watch from foure to eight it rained but Da 31 was faire weather all day after untill towards night it was halfe an houres fogge betweene three and foure in the afternoone after that came North windes raine and wet fogge all night the steering was foure leagues West South West the deepes from 30 26 to 6 fathomes With this wind from land I bore in amongst the Ilands fearing to loose the Maine at any time standing in betwixt West and West North West as the wind veered or haled my depth was sixeteene fathomes but amongst those Ilands wee came in sundry Over-falls of sixe fathomes and had brought them to beare severally from me North-East by North North by West West South West South West by West at night clocke tenne I came to Anchor in seven fathomes it fell three foote water after that Anchoring the weather was wette fogge the flood put in foureteene foote water it did not fall any water from clocke eleven untill foureteene Glasses were out the flood was so small being inclosed with Ilands as it did not make the ship port yet blowing but to Course and Bonnet it kept the Tide in seven houres I durst not hazzard any further within these Ilands untill I sent the boate to make tryall who sounded from seven fathomes to tenne foot I named those Ilands Brigges his Mathematickes This morning the Master and I in the Maine top might Da 1 see two Ridges dry which last evening wee came hard by I doe thinke that in Winter the windy stormes puts in some flowings of water incredible to be beleeved in respect of other places for it may be perceived that the water hath Moneths August been upon the land and Ilands higher by five or sixe fathome then the usuall Spring-Tydes as also our men did perceive the same at Carie Swannes Nest Being satisfied for what concerned this place I weyed and stood to Sea in sixe fathomes the least water fearing to deale any more within the Ilands when I was cleare I went to the old course againe S. W. by S. but the land flying me I hal'd in West and had water from 14 to 6 fathome uneven ground the land met me againe stretching more to S. and had many humlocks therein I stood toward it W. and W. S. W. so neere as I durst for shoale water at which time I dare presume it was seven miles from me and yet I had but 6 7 or 10 fathome I runne off along time before I came into 20 fathome and in this wearing off I came by two dry ridges that had been farre without me I Anchored at night in 25 fathomes 10 leagues S. S. W. from the land and Ilands which I roade amongst last night the Tyde came S. S. W. This faire morning I waited at clocke 6. and stood along Da 2 West Southwest having
must by those burials be great store of people for it is not to be thought that they will bring or carry their dead farre to buriall and it cannot be thought also but that we were seene by them although they were not seene by any of us for we stayed not but in the night all day wee made as much way as sailes would drive forward so as if they would have come to us wee were gone before they could make ready and although they might see us whether they durst come or no I know not having as I suppose never seene ship in their lives before as Hudson who sought after them in his Bay though far distant from hence they set theirwoods on fire hard by him and yet would not come to him although he was but in his Shallop But to proceed I stood along the land and had deep from 20 to 3 fath this morning was gray overcast the Sun rose thinly valed but visible there was a Rainebow in the firmament and some drops of raine fell standing along whiles this land trented E and W. we see the entrance of a large river but all full of scaupes shelves and shoale water which comming forth changeth the Sea to be more white at the S. entrance of this River was a Cliffe like unto Balsea cliffe nere Harwich and on the S. again another great Bay whose bottome was easie to be seen I was nere the entrance thereof and found it was all full of shoales and ridges at this was Capt. James on ground as I found by his speeches afterward the S. part of this Bay lyeth E and W. and at the E. end thereof lyeth an Iland S and N. about 3 miles long I stood from the mouth of this River and Bay to go to the N. of the said Iland and came into 7. 6. 5 fath easie wind the ebbe came 2 miles an houre along the E side of the Iland I stood along in 3 fath the ground to be seen under water at night the flood tyde came we were got above the S head of the Iland went along in 7 fath well harrowed â—d even ground At clocke 10. we anchored and could not perceive by out lead that tyde did flowe and fall above 12 foote the tyde set Moneths August S. and by N. and here we see white Whales this afternoone was one of the hottest that ever I have felt at noone I was in 58 deg 46 minutes This beautifull day was promised at Sun rising it hath blown Da 7 to course and bonnet all day the wind going downe with Sol and in the night up againe we have run along the land all day with W N W. wind Sometimes loosing too sometimes wareing off as the water did deepe or shoale from 7 fath into 2 ½ upon the shoare the land lyes S. we think we saw some peeces of ice in the ofâ—ine we runne this day 16 leagues untill clocke 8. when we anchored the land faire in sight but lowe with aboundance of wood growing theron at this anchoring we can make no certainty of the tydes but that it still commeth N. running easilier and flowing lesse water This faire day we blesse God for and have plide it up for Da 8 Port Nelson the wind Veering to S S E. Latit 57 d. 48 m. the shoalding wee plide in was betweene 7 and 2 ½ and we could see many shelves and high stones lye upon the N. side of the Rivers mouth appearing as it were trees on land 3 times bigger then they be and that is through the vapours which the Sun exhaleth haveing plide all day in shoale water at night we anchored in 6 fathomes In the mouth of Port Nelson at first comming of the tyde it came with a Shuft or Boare at clocke 10. for one houre and floured upon the Ships Bowe and it flowed 9 foote water the tyde runne not above 5 houres and 2 knots was the speede it made yet I could perceive the under tyde to Roome an houre before the ship came up the land faire to see both on S and N. side here were many white Whales the running of the tyde was caused by the out-set of the River upon the Coast-tyde there was a ledge dry at lowe water hard by me when I anchored This day we consulted and consented to goe into Port Da 9 Nelson for these reasons following 1 Considering what hazzard wee had vndergone for want of our Pinnace she being made ready for setting vp yet for the losse of time we were content to hazard it having â—iâ— so faire weather as I was loath but to make good vse thereof 2 The wind was contrary to go Southwards and like to be bad weather Moneths July 3 The Pinnace could not be set up in the Ship as I desired 4 I hoped to have some intelligence by the Salvages and to search the head of the River of which I did know nothing from Sir Tho. Button 5 I was in great hope to get a Maine yard amongst so many trees as also some refreshing fresh water and fire wood and to rummidge the Ship and to see her on ground and to make her cleane or to repaire what else she wanted as Ballast or else what Thinking now it was good to provide for winter for what is formerly done is so exact as no discovery was more painefully followed nor with greater hazard and lesse helpe but God alone besides the knowledge of this harbour might more embolden my men in staying the longer forth to follow the Search Now betweene Port Nelson and Hudsons W. Bay all yet for a great distance not lookd upon by any Christian wee were to discover which having done the perfect knowledge of this River might cause us to repaire hither for refuge when the winter took us from our other labours if in the meane time wee should not discover a better or passage This Raynie morning with S. wind I stood in lowe sailes Da 9 with bonnets along the S. side which I take to be the plainer and evener ground of the two And bearing in upon 3 fath â— â— I espied an overfall on head it was stood tyde and I caused to beare up it blâ—w much wind and more then at any time since I came into this Sea in the channels edge of this overfall I fel into 10 fath being now come within the lippes hereof the wind shrinking I anchored at about ½ flood for that if it had beene a channell well knowne unto me yet I could not have handled my sayles to have turned in wee thought wee saw tokens on land of Inhabitants at 3 houres flood in the night with much adoe I wayed anchor and making 2 or 3 boards I up got a leag farther before day for I was loath to loose any time but with fearefull sounding as 5 fathomes at most and it would shoalden 2 fathome at once and as I found afterwards that channell was full of high Rockes
call'd to lift the anchor from the ground bring the ship Da 24 to saile the other dayes N. N. W. wind doth make the Seas swelling still continue now the wind S. E. by S. I must stop the ebbes and ply the floods the distance were too tedious and to small purpose to insert here Prayers being ended I called to heave up anchor at clock 8 Da 25 we anchored again this day we made good way to the E S E. and in one Ripling had 40 fathomes land faire in sight upon the hatches but this great comfort was not a furlong long for the water shoaled to the old rate againe presently this night was calme with much raine I had up my anchor clocke 5 and stood along to the East Da 26 sometimes E. S. E sometimes S. E. as the land lay or met mee at noone it came fog â— anchored for 1 houre it clearing up again after dinner I see the land trent to the S. wards wherefore I tooke the Pinnace and went within 2 miles of a point that lay upon our Bowe as we were at anchor nere which point all the land was belaid with round Rocks and all along the shore were ledges of the same and halfe a mile without us Moneths August towards the ship I stood off to give the ship warning thereof who had espied the same before I came to them so I stood into the shore which lay S. along the ship came along in sixe fathomes and I had 4 hard within the ridges This day a N. N. W. wind hath conveid away abundance of wilde Geese by us they breed here towards the N. in those wildernesses there are infinite numbers and when their yong be fledge they flye S. wards to winter in a warmer countrey I hoped by their taking flight the wind would have continued This low land thus trenting makes me doubt it will bring Da 26 us still with this shallow water to joyne with Hudson and then leave us and fall away S. and there also must I leave it I could not perceive that it did slow above five foot water yesterday and the flood set S. E. the waters side is so flat and Rocky that we cannot land with the Pinnace we can discerne the going in of many small Rivers and there out-sets by the change of waters whose colour is more dunne then the Sea it selfe Was thicke close weather at night 7 it wet the night Da 27 proved close the wind changed from N. W. to S. E. the land lay S. E. and we had a great plumpe of wood on shore like an Iland I stood twice into 4 fathomes of land and once into 3 and a halfe but could not see the trees on hatches the land stretching the tydes running and flowing the expected high land and all hopefull things are now at an end this night casting up my Cards I did account I was from Port Neâ—oâ— true course E. S. E. 60 leagues and that I must be in 55 degr 50 min. latitude This coldest day I felt since I came from Nottinghams Ile Da 28 was but the Harbinger of Winter I Anchored in 7 fathoms and 3 leagues oâ—line I had but 4 fathomes I stood off into 25 fathomes and in againe into 11 and Anchored it brew to top-sailes halfe Mast high the land low full of trees the night was thicke with reasonable wind at East I road still all night for I could get nothing by plying against Da 29 wind the wind now doth Souther about clock 7. we espied a saile standing right with us it was Captaine James of Bristâ—ll hee came close in at our sterne and wee saluted each other he standing in towards the shoare which was in sight but standing Moneths August off againe hee could not fetch vs for it was ebbe the streame and wind setting him to lee-ward whereupon hee stood into Sea and out of sight which greeued mee much searing I should not see him againe nor know what discouerie he had made but he tackt about inward againe and the wind Estering at night hee fetch 't me and sent his Shallop on board inuiting mee to dinner the next day with my Master and his mate There came on board of mee his Lieutenant his Coxen and three more I gaue order to my Officers to take downe the 4. rowers betweene the Decks and to entertaine them at seuerall messes and to enquire of them with what land they fell first after their comming from our owne Coasts what lands they had beene at or in what harbours when they entered Fretum Hudson how long they had beene amongst the Ice and at seuerall times what Islands they had seene or Capes formerly discouered what was there most Northerliest latitude they had beene in and what day they see first this side or bottome and in what latitude they came ouer this bay in I enquired also the like of his Lieutenant whom I entertained in my Cabin so that before they went away I heard that they first met with Ice at Cape Farwell and that they entered Fretum Hudson the 20. day of Iune they had beene distrest in harbour and had like to haue lost their shippe the fire smoake my men see on land the 23. day of Iune was theirs they had seene the Iles Nottingham and Salisbury and was on land on Sir Robert Mansfells Isle hauing beforebeene sore pestured with Ice The greatest latitude North was 64. deg and that in this bay of Sir Thomas Buttons they had beene troubled with Ice talking thereof as though they tooke pleasure to runne against it nay they said they had runne into the Ice as far as the maine mast and that they came ouer in 59 deg of this their Northmost latitude of their suffering at Resolution their grounding in this Bay the harme of their men throwne at Capsten and what else I desired to haue I had and that they had him on shoare here but two dayes before and kill'd two Partridges they said also that there was no offering to goe home if they found no passeage for that the Ice could not bee disolued this yeere but they must stay vntill the next yeere to haue light nights to shift themselues amongst them and this I did for that I did not know how wee might be separated beefore I talked with Cap. Moneths August Da 29 Iames himselfe and I gaue order to acquaint them with what also they demanded of vs telling them that I had beene in Port Nelson and that I had seene and came along this coast neuer without sight of land from the latitude of 64 deg 2. quar and that in Port Nelson I had beene on the S. side and on the land also before they came and had named it new Yorkeshiere but being a barren waste Wildernesse of Birds and wild beasts of prey and chiefely for that it is out of the roade of trading and the passage where none hereafter will desire to come I conceine that I can
haue no great honour thereby although I haue giuen it a name and therefore doe leaue it to those that are disposed to intitle themselues therein Last night I made loose and stood along in small sailes vntill Da 30 this day 10 moosling my ship with the fore-saile I then stood fot Captaine Iames who was a great way on sterne at his comming vp hee sent his shallop on board of mee who at much perswasion of my Master although much against my will I tooke them in they rowing mee on board to bee better confirmed I did begin to reiterate the last Euenings discourse they had aboard of mee to the end I might vnderstand the difference of seuerall reports for euery man will report the best of his owne Actions but the conclusion was that they came ouer and fell in land with this bay in 59 deg I was well entertained and feasted by Captaine Iames with varietie of such cheere as his Sea prouisions could aford with some Partridges wee dined betwixt decks for the great cabin was not bigg enough to receiue our selues and followers during which time the ship butt in 2 Courses and maine bonnet threw in so much water as wee could not haue wanted sause if wee had had roast Mutton Whereat I began to ponder whether it were better for his company to bee impounded amongst Ice where they might be kept from putrifaction by the piercing ayre or in open Sea to be kept sweete by being thus daily pickled howeuer they were to be pittied the ship taking her liquor as kindly as our selues for her nose was no sooner out of the pitcher but her nebe like the Ducks was in 't againe The Gentleman could discourse of Arte as obseruations calculations and the like and shewed me many Instruments so that I did perceiue him to bee a practitioner in the Mathematicks but when I found that hee Moneths August was no Sea-man I did blame those very much who had councelled him to make choyce of that shippe for a voyage of such importance for to indure two winters in as hee must haue done if hee had any such intent before hee could come about by Bonu Sperance home our discourse had beene to small purpose if wee had not pried into the errours of our predecessors and being demanded I did not thinke much for his keeping out his flagg for my ambition was more Aetheriall and my thoughts not so ayerie so to set my sight towards the skie but when I either call'd to God or made Celestiall obseruation to this was replide that hee was going to the Emperour of Iapon with letters from his Maiestie and that if it were a ship of his Maiesties of 40 Peeces of Ordnance hee could not strike his flag keepe it vp then quoth I but you are out of the way to Iapon for this is not it hee would haue perswaded mee to take harbour to winter in telling mee that Sir Thomas Button tooke harbour the 14 of this instant Quoth I hee is no precedent for mee I must paralell my pouerty with poore Hudsons who tooke no harbour before the first of Nouember and that then I durst not take harbour vntill the midst of the same besides I was not come to do so much as another man but more then any as I had already done and i I did forbeare him in this or any other thing it was because I was on board of him and had made some former obseruation of which I acquainted my Master with that thereby wee might the better brooke what might bee offered as boasting of our selues or the like for it was enough for vs that wee had so great odds in the discouery hee said I was to winter I told him hee had the coppy of my Commission as also of all my letters that I was limmited but so as hauing sought all this bay from 64.2 quar to 60 leag E S E. from Port Nelson both my selfe men hauing visibly beheld all the land along and that I must see the N W. from Nottingham as both hee and I were instructed and I would performe after I had ioyned Hudsons W. bay with this land now thwart of mee to which words my Master before him preferred mee his hand to bee willing to the same which I gladly excepted although within three dayes after he â—aponed wee parted not vntill the next mornings dawning and this 17 houres was the worst spent of any time of my discouery My men told me his men gaue them some Tobacco a Moneths August thing good for nothing Whilest wee were on board of Captaine Iames wee stood Da 30 off into the Sea the Mary in two courses and one bonnet and the Charles but in maine course and Bonnet yet went faster then the Mary I came on board with the Mary early this morning wee Da 31 made fast our pinnes and set saile I called to take my leaue as I came by him for I could ouer-hale him as the winding of a Clew but his men told me that he was in his Cabbin I gaue him 10 Musquets one Falconet and presently I haled in to the land for wee were 8 leagues off by account and in 36 fathoms deepe it was morning 6. when wee parted at 10. I had the land faire by I stood S W. in for that I knew I could see so farr to the W. ward as I was when wee both stood off I bore as much saile vntill I had the land bould as the Ship and masts was able to stand vnder and all the time I had the Maria in sight I did obserue that shee went away S. or S. S. E. I made way 10. leagues that day and ankored at Clocke 8. in 8. fathoms Thwart of a Riuer low land and wooded it was faire weather and easie wind all night This day morning I stood E. South-ward as the land did Da 1 beare it being somtimes higher somtimes lower one knoale bearing S. W. was higher then all the rest here seemeth to bee riuers and bayes our deepe this day hath beene betweene 7. and 11. fathomes I ankored at night 8. in 7. fathomes hauing come from shoare two houres in shoale-shoale-water stonie ground the wind continuing N W. doth driue a great Sea before it into this bay the Meridian latitude was 55 deg 14. min. I did account 95. leagues from Port Nelson and if this strong ground doe not deceiue mee it flowed 12. foote the flood ranne but 4. houres here a good way to the E. seemeth to bee the opening of some great riuer or the land doth wind S. wards here is in sight two ledges of great stones that lie almost as farre off as wee ride about 6. miles of the mayne bearing S. E. this night was faire weather and cleere Moone-light This morning earlie was the ankor vpon the bow and I Da 2 stood into 3. fathomes of the shoare still trenting to the E. heere was thicke Riuer-water and small drift wood
with the lands end of England and puts into Milford haven in the Admirall The 2. barkes were separated at Seaby storme the one arrived at Bristow the other came about Scotland and arrived safely at Yarmouth In this voyage they lost two men Queene Elizabeth named the land Meta incognita Things Remarkeable in this second Voyage THey are men of large Corporature good proportion and of colour not much unlike the Sunne-burnt Country man They weare their haire something long cut disorderly before their women weare their haire long knit up with two loopes some of them Races their cheekes chins and faces whereupon they lye a colour like darke Azure They eate all their meate Raw as flesh fish fowle or but lightly perboyled with water and bloud they will eate Ice as we doe Suger For necessity they will eate grasse like bruit beasts without table or stoole and when their hands are imbrued in blood they licke them cleane with their tongues They yoke their Dogs for use as wee doe Oxen and when they grow old they fatten them to eate and if they dye they doe the like They apparell themselves in skins of Beasts Fowle sowed together with the sinewes thereof to defend them from cold They make their apparell with hoods and tailes which tailes they bestow as favours to ratifie any friendship showen them the mens garments are not so long as the womens They weare their hose close to their legs from the wast to the knee without any opening before as well the one kind as the other upon their legs they weare hose of leather with the fur-side inward 3. paire at once especially the women in these hose they put their necessaries they carry about them they put also a bone into their hose from the foote to the knee whereon their hose being drawne are held up in place of garters They dresse theyr skins very soft and supple with haire on in winter they weare the skin-side inwards in Sommer outward other apparell they have none Their beasts fishes and fowles are all their meate drinke apparell houses bedding and all their Riches Their houses are tents covered with skins pitched with quarters foure square meeting at tops sewed together with sinewes their entrance is alwayes ore against the Sunne They have other sorts of houses which they found not to be inhabited raised with stones and Whale bones and covered with skins the entering not unlike unto an ovens mouth which they frequent during their hunting time and so leaves them untill they come thither againe They have 2. sorts of Boates the one only for one man the other for 16. men they kill all their fish and flesh with darts and it may be thought they repaire to some other place to live in winter farther from the Sea side they will eate theyr flesh and fish smell it never so filthily what knowledge they haue of God or what Idoll they adore is unknowne they make signes of people that weare bright plates of Gold in their foreheads The Country is high and mountainous great quantity of snow lying thereon there is little plaine ground and no grasse but that which is like unto mosse growing upon soft ground such as we get turffe upon There is no wood at all There is great quantity of Deere their skinnes like unto Asses their heads or hornes doe farre exceed any both in length and breadth of those Countryes their feete are great as Oxen which measured were 7. or 8. inches in breadth their are also Hares Wolves fishing-Beares and sundry sorts of Sea fowle The 3. Voyage of Sir Martin Frobrisher this Voyage the Queene gave him a Chaine of Gold Articles to be observed in his Fleete 1. INprimis to banish Swearing Dice and Card playing and filthy Communication and to serve GOD twice a day with the ordinary service vsed in the Church of England and to cleare the glasse according to the old order of England 2. The Admirall shall carry the light and after his light be once put out no man to goe on head of him but every man to fill his sailes to follow as neare as they may without indangering one another 3. That no man shall by day or night depart further from the Admirall than the distance of one English mile and as neare as they may without indangering one another 4. If it chance to grow thicke and the wind contrary either by day or night that the Admirall be forced to cast about before her casting about she shall give warning by shooting off a piece and to her shall answer the Vice-admirall and the Reare-admirall each of them with a Peece if it be by night or in a fogge and that the Vice-admirall shall answer first and the Reare-admirall last 5. That no man in the fight discrying any saile or sailes give vpon any occasion any Chase before he have spoken with the Admirall 6. That every night all the Fleete come vp and speake with the Admirall at 7. of the clocke or betwixt that and eight and if the weather will not serve them all to speake with the Admirall then some shall come to the Vice-admirall and receiue the order of their course from Mr. Hall chiefe pylot of the flight as he shall direct them 7. If to any man in the flight there happeneth any mischance they shall presently shoote off 2. peeces by day and by night 2. peeces and show 2. lights 8. If any man in the night come vp and hayle his fellow knowing him not he shall give him his watch word Before the world was God the other shall answer him if he be one of our flight After God came Christ his Sonne so that if any be found amongst vs not of our company he that first discryeth any such saile or sailes shall giue warning to the Admirall by him selfe or other that he can speake vnto that sayles better then he being neâ—rer vnto him 9. That every ship in the fleete in the time of Fogs which continually happen with little winds and most calmes shall keepe a reasonable noise with Drum and Trumpet or otherwise to keepe themselves cleere one of the other 10. If it fall so thicke and misty that we lay to Hull the Admirall shall give warning with a peece and putting out lights one over the other to the end that every man may take in his sailes and at his setting of sailes againe doe the like if it be not cleare 11. If any man discover Land by night that he give like warning that he doth for mischances 2. lights and 2. peeces if it be by day one peece and put out his flag and strike all sailes he hath abroad 12. If any ship shall happen to loose company by force of weather then any such ship or ships shall get him into the Latitude of and so keepe that Latitude vntill they get Friâ—land they shall get them into the Latit of and to the North of and being once entred into the straights all
such ship or ships shall every watch shoote off a good peece look out well for smoake and fire which those that get in first shall make every night vntill all the fleete become together 13. That vpon the sight of an Ensigne in the Mast of the Admirall a peece being shot off the halfe fleete shall repaire to the Admirall to vnderstand such conference as the Generall is to have with them 14. If any chance to meete with any Enemie that 4. ships shall attend vpon the Admirall viz. The Francis of Foy the Moone the Barke Dynnis and the Gabriell and 4 upon my Lievtenant Generall in the Judeth viz. The Hopewell the Arâ—enall the Beare and the Salamander the other 4. vpon the Vice-admiral the Anne Francis the Thomas of Ipswich the Emanuell and the Michaell 15. If there happen any disordered person in the flight that he be taken and kept in safe custody vntill he may conveniently be brought aboard the Admtrall there to receive such punishment as his or their offence shall deserve He departed from Harwich the 31. of May 1578. with 15. Shippes having given that Instructions for ordering of his fleete as well for civill government as direction He goes by the West the 6. of Iune he had sight of Cape Cleere sayling towards the N. W parts from Ireland A great Current from S. W. carried them 1. point to the N. E. of their course which current seemed to him to continue its course towards Norway The 20. of Iune the Generall discries land and being Frezeland names it West England he goes on shore and findes a good harbour for Shippes the people â—led they Iudge it part of Meta incognita or Groneland their boats and apparell are all alike with those of Meta incognita they found in their Tents a box of small Nayles red herrings and divers carved things so as they iudge them to be civill people and Artificers or else to have trade with those that are 23 They depart from thence and names a certaine cliffe for some resemblance Charing crosse they meete with much yee many Whales and fogges The Salamander a ship of his Flight strucke upon a Whale with full stem being under courses and Bonnets he makes an uglie noyse and two dayes after they found a dead Whale supposes it the same The 2. they had sight of the Queenes Forland they beare in all day had much Ice at night they were entred the Sreight all overcome with Ice not froze there but driven by the windes violence The writer conceives the Mary glaciale to be a conjecture And that no salt Sea can be froze ore with Ice and in these place where it doth ebbe and flow above 10. Fathames And the Ice he met at Sea 1000. Miles from land all which congealed upon fresh water he concludes they were froze in bayes and rivers and not in the Sea This Ice doth shut together with winde and open at the shifting or change thereof as in other places so as it is passable The Barke Dennis struck vpon a Rocke The ship sunke the men were saved by their boates therein were much of the house drowned which the men appointed to winter should have lived in Meta incognita Amidst the Ice a storme takes them at S. E. some takes in sailes and hulls that had roome others make fast to the Ice others send off Ice with poales oares junkes oken boards and the like so as all were put to it Yet for all this their ship sides and waeles were sore torne and bruised The next day the winde changed W. N. W. the Ice dispierced they goe to Sea and meetes 4. more of their Company who had all kept the Sea during the S. E. storme they resolue to keepe the Sea vntill the Sunne dissolue or the wind dispierce the Ice out of the straight 7. They cast about inward againe had sight Of what Land it should be there was difference of opinions Through the thicke mists and by snow newly fallen the habit of the Land was altered Thinking they had bin to the N. E. of Frobrishers straights Then comming from Land by a Current comming from thence along the Coast they were carried to S. W. off the Queens Forland more miles then they thought possible Here they make a peece of Land for Mount Warwicke yet wonders how they should be so farre shot within the straight without their knowledge how be it they confessed they found a swifter course of flood then hitherto they had observed And here their Ships were whirled about in a moment lying a Hull as though they had beene in a Whirlepoole the waters making no lesse noyse to be heard a farre off then the waterfall of London bridge Here they could have no observation the Generall sends to the Shippes to know their chiefest opinions Christopher Hall chiefe Pylate saide he had never seene that coast before nor could not make it for any part of Frobrishers streights although the land did lye and trent alike The 10. the weather continued thicke and darke and the fleete disperced they were doubtfull whether to set to Sea or to follow a doubtfull course in a Sea Bay or Streight they knew not or stand a long an unknowne coast where they could not discerne dangers for darke mists and thick weather Whereupon some betooke themselves to Sea as thinking that the safest Course others followed the Generall within that doubtfull and unknowne Streights above 60. leagues having alwaies a faire Continent upon the Starboard and a continuance of an open Sea before them so as if it had not beene for the gathering of his fleete againe as also their lading of Ore he both would and could have gone into the Mare del Sur for the further they sailed the lesse Ice and 50. leagues within this Streight was none at all This streight hath also a great Indraft for by the foresaid current the floting wracke of the barke Dyoniss lost at the Queenes Forland was brought thither along the Coast and by the Indraft drawne in there it being many miles distant They doe also affirme out of some of their best marriners observation that in this streight the â—lood-tyde doth runne 9. houres and ebbe 3. which may well come to passe by force of the current comming from the E. and butting upon that coast may enforce the tyde into all indrafts and rivers with longer flowings untill the force of the ebbe receiving his strength from the West Sea doe resist it the Sea will not according to the saying Naturam expellas furcaâ— licit usqui recurrit Also they observed vpon this Coast that lying a Hull 25. leagues off Land the wind blowing trade they were brought to within two leagues thereof contrary to expectation This part of the Country they hold to be more populous and fruitfull then any discovered before And better stored with grasse fowle and wild Beasts And heere they see greater
will sell their Coates or any thing they have They brought not above 20. skinnes but made signes that if they would goe ashore they should have more Chichesanege skinnes I thinke The 30. he was in 72. deg 12 min. at midnight the Compasse set the variation 28. deg West-ward he Coasted this Land which he called London Coast From the 21. to the 30. the Sea all open to the West and North-ward the Land on Starboard E. from him the wind shifted to the North. Then he left that shore and named the N. most part he did discover Hope Sanderson and shaping his Course West runne 40. leag and better without sight of any Land The 2. he meetes with a mighty banke of Ice West from him He would faine have quit it by the North-wards but the wind would not which if he had he would have runne W. vntill he had seene Land and have beene resolved The 6. being faire weather he puts the Barke amongst the Ice but could not prevaile the 7 8 9 10. He coasts the Ice the 11 was fogge and calme The 13 he determining to goe againe to the shore And harbor for 5 or 6 dayes Hoping in that time the extreame heate of the Sunne and beating of the Sea would have made way with the Ice but when he was nigh Land he durst not anchor for depth of water The Salvages came oft and truct for skinnes Darts they had for old and new knives and they would gladly have had him to the Land but he beareâ— away The 15. he finds himselfe driven 6. points west beyond his Course He layes the fault either in the Ship or Current The 16. he falls with the banke of Ice againe The 17. he had sight of Mount Raleigh at 12 at Night he was thwart of his old hole againe He sailes 60. leagues N W. vp the streights The 23 he anchors in the bottome of the Gulfe and calles the Iles Cumberland Iles. Whilst he was at anchor a Whale passed vp by him here the Compasse set at 30. d. variation This day also he departs shaping his course S E. and seeketh to recover the Sea The 25 be was becalmed in the bottome of the Gulfe the aire extreame hot Bruton the Master goes a Land to course Dogges they find many graves and Trane spilt the Salvage dogges was so fat they could scarce goe The 26 was a pretty storme at S E. 27 28 29. faire weather He had coasted the South-side shore of Cumberlands sound And was got cleare out into 62 deg betwixt which and 63. deg 00. he espies an opening And names it Lumleys Ilet And tells of great falls and Gulfes of water The 31 he see a Head-land he names Warwicks Forland The 1. he falls with the South-west Cape of the Gulfe and names it Chidleys Cape in 61 deg 10. min. From the first to the 12 He trents along the South-land sees 5 Deere on the top of an Iland he calls Darcyes Iland they take to another Iland his Boate was too little to carry his men and chase the Deere though it were in the water one of them was as big as a pretty Cowe and very fat their feete as broad as Oxe feete The 13. in 54 d. Latitude Heere he struck vpon a Rocke he stops his leake And Coasts along into 52 deg not finding his fishing ships as was appointed for them to stay and fish in Latit betweene 54 and 55 deg vntill the fine of this moneth but in 16 dayes they were fisht and gone home himselfe arrives at Dartmouth the 15 of September The Copie of Davis his Letter to Mr. Saunderson GOod Mr. Saunderson with Gods great mercy I have made my safe returne in health with all my company And have sailed 60. leag further then my determination at my departure I have beene in 73. deg finding the Sea all open and 40 leag betweene Land and Land The passage most probable the Bâ—cecution casie as at my comming you shall fully know The Marine Observation THat he Coasted the West side of Groynland farther then before from 65 deg odde min. to 72 deg odde minutes naming it London-Coast and on the West side was as farre vp his former streights as before onely he then forgot to name the Earle of Cumberlands Iles which now he hath done And besides he hath in his returne home seene and named Lumleys Inlet and passed by Fretum Hudson vnknowne Yet he hath named Cape Warwicke Which is the East part of Resolution Chidleys Cape the South bounds thereof now called Buttons Iles But vntruely these two things are both although in his Letter writ to Mr. Saunderson at his arrivall the 2. Voyage he doth assure the Passage to be in one of the 4. places vpon perill of his Life But I thinke he durst not venture it He went forth the 7. of May and returnes homewards the 23 of July His greatest Variation West was 30. deg And the 15 of Iuly he was driven 5 points W. of beyond his Course by what accident he knoweth not For to vse his owne words speaking of Warwickes Head-land This Cape as it was the most S. limit of the Gulfe wee passed over the 30 of this Moneth So was it the N. promontorie or first beginning of a very great Inlet whose South limit at this present wee see not Which Inlet or Gulfe this afternoone and in the Night wee passed over to our great admiration for the waters fall These abstracts are more at large to be seene in the first and 3 Volumes of Mr. Hâ—ckluits Voyages The Voyage of Captaine George Waymouth with two Fly-boâ—tes one of 70 th' other of 60. Tonnes 35 men victuaâ—led for 18 monethes set forth by the Muscovia and Tâ—â—kie Companies HE set forth the second of May 1602. hee went by the North made the Start or one of the Westmost Iles of Orkney it being low land bearing West in latitude 59 deg 30 min. he shapes a course betwixt N and West untill hee brings the Start North sayles away W and by N. in 59 deg 40 min. then steeres away W S W. in 57 deg 55 min. and there had no variation at all he hailed away Westward and had some fogge much raine but warme as in England 16 This day at noone he was 57 deg 35 min. and had not seene the Sunne or Moone in 76 houres before and now had variation 11 deg 18 He saw a great Iland of Ice in the afternoon he got sight also of the Southmost part of Groenland hee coasts this Ice to the North comming sometime into black water and presently the Sea would be cleare againe he could not game ground in 120 Fathoms neither could hee discerne any Current at which he reckons Cape Desâ—lation N N E 24 leagues off him 22 He was in 60 deg 37 min. latitude 27 The weather warme as in England he had great store of sea-Guls 28 He directs his course
The observation he made of Groenland That it is an exceeding high land and Mountaines which are very high within the land they are of stone some of one colour some of another all glistering but nothing worth if there be any Mettall it lyeth low in the earth and cannot well be come by there are some rockes purer then Alablaster the Northside of the Mountaines are continually covered with snow there are few trees but in one place 40 miles within the land in a river called Balls-river upon the Southside of a Mountaine there is a little Grove of Wood about 6 or 7 foot high like a Coppice in England it being of Willow Iuniper and such like they found much Angelica And he thinkes the Countrey people do eat thereof for he saw many of those rootes in their boates There are store of Foxes in the Maine and Ilands of sundry colours there are as white as snow and long surred there is divers Deere but they be farre up within the land for the Inhabitants doe hunt them sore that come towards the Sea where themselves live he see 7 at one time his men had divers Darts horns of Deere he see the foot of one beast bigger than the foot of an Oxe their Dogs and Foxe Pizzels have a bone within them the people all the Sommer time use nothing but fishing drying their fish and Seales flesh upon the rocks for their winters provision every one both man and woman have a boat covered with Seales skinnes close sowed that no water can enter them some of them are 20 foot long and not above a foot broad shaped like a Weavers shuttle so light that a man may carry many of them at once they use but one oare with a washe at both ends it is incredible to see how swiftly they rowe no ship being able to sayle so fast they sit in the midst of their boates and holds their oare in the middle In these boates they catch their fish as Seales Salmon Morses and others they strike some with Darts and angle others their coard is made of Whale-bone their hooke of a bone with which lines and hookes wee have catched very much fish I could not learne of their rites and Ceremonies but generally they worship the Sun they remove from place to place as their fishing doth serve they live in tents in the Summer and in winter in houses somewhat within the ground when they approach you they will hold up their hand to the Sunne Crying Eliout which we answering in like fashion they dare boldly come to us They make a Cave with stones wherein they bury their dead according to the bignesse of the Corpes defending them strongly from the pâ—ey of Foxes or Ravenous beasts they make another neare the former wherein they bury his bowe arrowes and daâ—ts and other his provision and he is buried in his apparell the coldnesse of the clime keepes the body from putrifaction 11 They eate their meate rawe yet they use fire they drink Salt-water by the Ship side Some of our men conceived them to be Man-eaters but he thinks not because they might have killed 3 of our men at one time filling water in an Iland far from our Ship and without any weapon at which time a great company of them came to them and searching their boate for Iron they gave them all they had with their chest keyes whereupon they depart without doing them any harme but let others take heed Since that I have entred thus farre into Groenland by the way of Capt. Davis and Mast Iames Hall heare the report of Dethmar Plef-kins a Minister sent into Iseland from Hamburgh 1563. GRoenland was first so named in the yeare of CHRIST 900. And although I purposed saith he to passe over Groenland with silence yet seeing I touched upon the land and observed some few things I thought it not impertinent to make mention of them There was in a Monastery in Iseland called Helgafiel a certaine blind Monke who lived miserably there he was borne in Groenland of a darke complexion and broad face the Governour commanded him to be brought unto him that he might know some part of the State of Groenland he said there was a Monastery of St. Thomas in Groenland into the which his parents thrust him when he was but young and after he was taken out by the Bishop of Groenland when he was 30 yeeres of age to sayle with him into Norway to the Archbishop of Nidrosia or Drunton to whom the Iland Bishops are subiect in his returne hee was left in a Monastery by the Bishop whose Country Groenland was this was done as he said in 1546. he said that Iland was called Groenland Aâ—tiphrastically for that it seldome or never waxeth greene and that there is so great cold there throughout the whole yeere except Iune Iuly and August that being clothed and covered with Furres they could scarce be warme and that they had at home certaine round pieces of wood which being moved with their feet kept their feet warme he saith that it aboundeth as Island doth with fishes and that they had Beares and white Foxes â—ay Pigmies and Vnicornes and that the Day did not appeare untill the Sun had run through Pisces This Monke told us marvellous strange things that there was in the Monastery of S. Thomas where he lived a Fountaine which sent sorth burning and flaming water that this water was conveyed through Pipes of stone to the severall Cels of the Monks and that it made them warme as stoves do with us and all kind of meats might be boyled in this Fountain and fiery water no otherwise than if it had bin on a fire indeed he advertised moreover that the wals of the Monastery were made with Pumice stones out of a certaine mountain not farre from the Monastery like to Hecla in Iseland for if you powre this water upon the Pumice stone there will follow a slymie matter which in steed of lyme they use for motter After the Governors conference with him I came privately to demand certaine particulars touching the Pigmies and other things he had a little skill in the Latine tongue he understood me speaking Latine but answered me by an Interpreter he said the Pigmies represent the most perfect shape of man that they were hayrie to the outermost joynts of the finger and that the males have beards down to the knees but although they have the shape of man yet they have little sense or understanding or distinct speech but make shew of a kind of â—issing after the manner of Geâ—se that his Abbot kept two of them in his Monasterie male and female but they lived not long and that they were unreasonable creatures and live in perpetuall darkenesse that some say they have Warre with the Cranes but that he knew not He affirmed that the same manner of food was in Groenland as in Iseland to wit of Fish but not of Cattell because
Cabbin which hee soone did then came John Thomas and Bennet before him while Wilson bindes his armes behind him he asked what they meant they told him that he should know when hee was in the Shallop now Iuet while this was doing came to John King into the hold who was provided for him for hee had got a sword of his owne and kept him at a Bay and might have killed him but others came to helpe him and so he came up to the Master the Master called to the Carpenter and tolde him that he was bound but he heard no answer made now Arnold Lodlo and Michell But railed at them and told them there knavery would show it selfe then was the Shallop hailed up to the ship side and the poore sicke and lame men were called up to get them into the Shallop the Master called to this writer who came out of his cabbine as well as he could to the hatch way to speake with him where on his knees he besought them for the love of God to remember themselves and to do as they would be done unto they bad him keep himselfe well and get him into his cabbine not suffering the Master to speak to him but when he came into his cabbin againe at the horn window which gave light into his cabbine the Mr. told him that Juet would overthrow them all nay said he it is that villaine Greene and spake it not softly Now was the Carpenter at liberty and asked them if they would be hanged when they came at home and as for himselfe he said he would not stay in the Ship unlesse they would force him they bid him go then for they would not stay him I will said he so I may have my chest and all that is in it they said he should and presently put it into the Shallop then came he to take his leave of this writer who perswaded him to stay which if he would he might so worke that all might be well but he answered that he did not thinke but that they would be glad to take them in againe for he was so perswaded by the Master that there was not one in all the ship that could tell how to carry her home but saith he if we must part which we will not willingly doe for they would follow the ship prayed him if they came to the Cape before them that he would leave some token that he had beene there neare to the place where the Fowles breed and he would doe the like for us and so with teares we parted now were the sick men driven out of their cabbines into the Shallop but Iohn Thomas who was Francis Clements friend and Bennet was the Coopers so as there was words betweene them and Henry Greene saying that they should goe and the other swearing that they should not goe but such as were in the Shallop should returne when Henry Greene heard that he was compelled to give place and to put out Arnold Lodlâ— and Michael But which with much a doe they did In the meane time there was some that plyed there worke as though the ship had beene entred by force and they had free leave to pillage breaking up chests and riâ—eling all places one of them came to this writer and asked him what they should doe who answered that they should make an end of what they had begun for he see him doe nothing but sharke up and downe now all the poore men in the Shallop as Henry Hudson Master Iohn Hudson his sonne Arnold Lodle Sirack Fenner Phillip Staffe the Carpenter Thomas Woodhonse Adam Moâ—re Henry King and Mâ—cheâ—â— But the Carpenter got of them a peice and powder and shot and some pikes an Iron pot with some meale and other things they stoode out of the Ice the Shallop being fast to the sterne of the Ship and so when they were high out for he cannot say they were cleane out they cut the head-fest from the sterne of their ship and then out went topsailes and stood to the E. in cleare Sea having lost sight of the Shallop in the end they tooke in top sailes righted their helme and lay in foresaile untill they had ransacked and searched all places in the Ship in the hold they found one of the vessels of meale whole and another halfe spent for they had but two they found also 2 firkins of butter some 27 peeces of porke and halfe a Bushell of pease but in the Mrs. cabbine they found 200 of Bisket Cakes a peck of meale of Beare to the quantity of a Butt now when it was said that the Shallop was again come within sight they let fall the maine saile and out top sailes and fly as from an enemy Then he prayed them to remember themselves but Wilson nor the rest would heare of no such matter comming high the E. shore they cast about to the W. and came to an Iland where they anckred in 16 fathoms and tries on shoare with the net for fish but could not drive for rockes Michaell Peirce killed two fowle and heare they found good store of weed called cockle grasse of which they gathered as in their wintering place and came on board they lay there that night and the most of the next day in which time they see not the Shallop nor ever after now came Heâ— Greene and told him that it was the companies will that he should go up into the Mrs. cabbine and take charge thereof he told him that it was more fit for Rob. Iuet he said he should not come in it nor meddle with the Mrs. Card nor Iournals so up he came and Hen. Greene gave the key of the Mrs. chest and told him that he had layde the Mrs. best things together which he would use himselfe when time did serve the bread was also delivered this writer by tale The winde serving they stand N E. and this was Bylots course contrary to Ivet who would have gone N West they had the E. shoare in sight and in the night had a stiffe gale of wind and stood before it untill they met with Ice and stoode amongst the same untill they were fast it was so thicke on head and the winde brought it so fast on a sterne that they could not stirre backewards and so laid there 14 dayes in worse plight then ever before they had beene where was great store yet it lay not so broad upon the water as this for this sloating Ice continued miles and halfe miles in compasse having a deepe Sea and a tyde of flood setting S E. and N W. but Bilâ—t was confident to goe through to the N E. as he did At length being cleare of the Ice he continued his course in sight of the East shore untill he had raised 4 Ilands which lay North and South but past them 6 or 7 leag where the wind tooke them short they stood backe to them againe and came to anckor betweene 2 of the
noone the weather was close and began to blow hee was then 15. Leagues N. N. W. from the Cape he doth not write whether true course or no but in all the former Hopes Advance unto this Cape I have writ by him according to the true course and had 95. Fadome which made him assure himselfe that the Land winded a way more northerly and thereupon at noone hee stood away N. E. and by N. hoping that course would have bettered his depth but on the contrary for in 2. glasses he shoalded to 60. Fathoms then he hayled away E. S. E. assuring what experience had often shown him that as the water shoalded so the Land winded At 3. in the afternoone the weather thick the wind increasing and hee in 60. Fathome knowing there was no better depth to the N. ward hee stood E. S. E. till 8. at night having 50. Fathome the weather bad and night at hand hee stood about and kept it up with short sayle all that night betweene S. W. and by W. and W. S. W. From midnight till 7. this morning as from 8. last night till midnight thus standing brought him into 80. fathom he cast about to the Eastward with much winde at S. S. W. hazy and thick weather he heeled it up in courses and Bonnets till clock 2. they being starke calmed as it is a speciall note every Blower ends with a starke calme in those parts being then in 65. fathom E. he anchored and rid untill 4. in the evening when a smal gale rising at S. S. W. he waighed and stood S. E. guiding himselfe by his depth for the winde would not give him leave to better his hopes 17. From midnight to 8. this morning as the night before after that time there is small worth the Luke to write upon thaverse and his greatest depth 140. fathom untill the next day in the afternoone and then he had sight of the same Cape he sent his Boat unto the 14. day before It bore from him N. N. W. by compasse about 7. leagues so he steered S. S. W. untill midnight having runne since he set sayle at 2. in the afternoone 10. leagues S. E. and by E. Concluding he writeth that he came to 43. fathom which shoalding was upon the North part of the Iland he watered upon and that this Iland and the said Cape where his Boat was at the 14. day lyeth S. S. E. ½ Easterly and N. N. W. ½ Northerly about 10. leagues betweene both This morning day light he see the land bearing from S. W. by S. at which time he had 65. fathom 19. From 2. this morning untill noone he made away E. â—8 by N. 10. leagues At 7. he saw land on head at least 12. leagues of him he judged it to bee the high land of the Maine within Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland and yet to beare of him as it did it was strange unto him but he saith that Captaine Gibbons confidence was such as that hee must not let passe unspoken of for albeit that hee is so neere in blood as that modestie will not allow of his speaking too much of his merit yet hee will boldly say thus much of his sufficiency as hee assures himselfe he shall make it appeare at his returne if God please to let him live so long as that he is not short of any man that ever yet he carried to Sea All that he can say of him further is that for his Countries good and for the advancement of this businesse we have in hand he could wish his body were answerable to his other abilities which were it not himselfe but many and bis Country most would bee the better for it But that God that made us all of dust will not faile to raise up some good spirits he hopes for the further prosecution of this businesse as that by their honest endeavours and religious Resolutions they will effect that which as yet is not ripe for his Sickle but that God which best knowes what the truth of his endeavours have beene in this businesse he hopes will not faile to give a blessing to some that shall follow and for his part he desires to be blest no otherwise than as he hath sincerely laboured in it and therefore he must conclude and ever beleeve according to the word that Paul plants Apollo waters and God gives the increase So that untill his good will and pleasure is all that we doe cannot in this ought else prevaile At noone the weather faire and cleare he had a good observation by which Captaine Gibbons was well assured but himselfe and some others discenting from him in the bearing of the land from them were deceived in the set of the tyde which in his going out last yeere mightily carried him to the Northward as now as much to the Southward which then nor till now was not found by any of them all He steered open of the Land N. N. E. with tyde 5. leagues untill evening 4. and at 2. he had 307. fathom At 6. in the evening small winde C. Wolstenholme bore S. E. 7. leagues of the Westerne point of the westerne Iland S. E. by S. ½ S. 5. leagnes off he kept it up that he might get about the Westermost point of Nottinghams Iland it lying 8. leagues from Diggs his Iland there thinking to trie the tyde and from thence he purposed to goe to the N. maine betweene Salisbury and Nottinghams Ile to try the distance betweene them it being all he could doe for this yeere About 8. this morning the weather thick and he not above 4. leagues from Ile Nottingham in 64. fathom he anchored and as he remembreth to his comfort being ebbe hee found it a very strong one from S. S. E. to S. E. and by S. At noone slack it was a fresh gale at S. W. hee waighed to get about to the Westward of the Iland about 2 it blew hard and was thick weather with raine and thunder and within a mile of the shore It fell starke calme upon a sudden then he was iu a great ripling in 20. fathom water the Sea all breaches round about him like a Raffe which deserying he stood off with little winde along the Iland and found his drift more in lesse then in one Glasse Then hee could run a head before with both top-sayles on trip and a stiffe gale in 2. houres hee came to anchor to be fully satisfied of the tyde But when the tyde came it came with such force strength out of the N. W. and by N. as hee had much adoe to ride at and could not have ridde it had not he steered the ship all the tyde time the â—ight hee writes did comfort him for what was to be done hereafter for by the course of this tyde and hâ—s owne knowledge of the land being to the Westward of that place 200. leagues is 86. on the Sea and might very
well say one degree more on land to the Northward hee then saw good reason for it At 8. this night the weather being a little cleere with ebbe he wayed and plied to windward to get about the N. W. end of the Iland and being about the West point the ebbe being dâ—ne he saw another point open upon him that bore N. the winde at N. W. in 33. fathoms the weather thick and bad he anchored where in lesse than one houre the tyde of flood came most strong as before from N. W. and by N. whereby he concluded having brought the Northerne point N. from him thaâ— it was the true Channell tyde for had it beene otherwise it would have come as the land lay which was N. but now being open of the land and finding it to come from the N. W. and by N. he faith in his judgement that course and N. N. W. must direct whomsoever shall seeke this passage hereafter And the rather to continue himselfe in this opinion he now to late found that those that were this way first himselfe the last yeere were all of them deceived of the set of the tyde within Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland for there they found it come more Westerly which was caused by many broken Ilands that lye to the Westward of it which he never sawe untill his returne homewards And upon this tyde if I can judge saith he we cannot be deceived for this caveat he doth give to whomsoever shall succeed him in this discovery That whensoever he loseth his strong tyde or finds ground in 200. fathoms let himselfe he is out of his direct course for finding of this Voyage So this his experience upon his unhappy counter-course taught him that whensoever it is to be found it must bee in deepe water and in a strong tyde and in this course that he took he hopes it will not be imputed an errour of his for what he did in the directing of it for it was to follow the letter of his instructions For albeit he was precisely tyed to stand with Hudsons Westerland in 58. d. yet he never came much to Leeward of 61. d. till he was encountered with land 200. leagues Westward from Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland How much in effect I received in a Manuscript from Sir Thomas Roe besides divers others towards the furtherance of my Voyage But further from Abacuk Pricket who saith they came not through the maine Channell of Fretum Hudson nor thorow Lumleys Inlet but that he came through into the Mare Hyperborum betwixt those Ilands first discovered and named Chidleys Cape by Captaine Davis and the North part of America called by the Spaniards who never saw the same Cape Labradorr but it is meet by the N. E. point of America where there was contention amongst them some maintaining against others that them Ilands were the Resolution which Josias Hubbart withstood untill he stood himselfe into the danger of displeasure but at length it proved a new streight and a very straight indâ—ed to come through which resolved all doubts but hereupon all their plots and Iournalls This part which came unto my hands I have writ thinking there may be some that will protract the same he met no Ice in his home comming untill he came into Fretum Hudson and but little there Iournals more taken from them and therefore who doth desire any further satisfaction from this Voyage must seeke it from Sir Thomas Button onely Pricket saith that they were at home in 16. dayes Concerning the Voyage of Captaine Gibbons with a Ship called the Discovery vitled for 12. Monethes in the yeare 1614. LIttle is to be writ to any purpose for that hee was put by the mouth of Fretum Hudson 28 with the Ice driven into a Bay called by his Company Gibbons his hole in Latitude about 57. upon the N. E. part oâ— Stinenia where hee laid 10. weekes fast amongst the Ice iâ— danger to have beene spoyled or never to have got away so as the time being lost hee was inforced to returne The Voyage of Robert Bilot yet forth by Sir Dadley Diggs Mr. Iohn Wolstenholm Alde man Iones 16. 15. in the discovery of 55. tunnes burthen Written by William Baffine THis Robert Bylot had beene in this ship all tâ—â— 3. voyages before viz. Hudson as you finde by Pricket Sir Thomas Button and Gibbons and therefore was a man well experienct that way his company consisted of 16. men and 2. boyes he anchored in Lee read the 18. Aprill 6 Vpon this day he had sight of Groenland on the East side of Cape Farewell that night he had a great storme but hee kept southerly to get cleare of the Ice that lay on shore Hee kept his course untill the 17. day seeing many great Ilands of Ice some doth affirme that there is not above one 7. part of the Ice above water saith Baffine hee observed one peece to be 140. Fathome above water this day hee came to the firme Land of Ice as hee supposed being in 61. 16. the Latitude of the S. part the I le Resolution then hee asked opinion concerning putting in amongst the Ice saying the Sea was on the N. side of the South channell and much Ice hee must passe and if he could get but 2. or 3. Leagues within the Ice it would open every Tyde and so hee should get something on his way having all the channell to the S. on him and with this resolution he put in W. E. N. E. wind this first entrance Baffine liked not well finding scarce a place to put the Ships-head into being 30. Leagues from any Land towards evening they were fast amongst the Ice 22. Sometimes ere day the Ice would something open and so made what way hee could to the N. W. in for the shore untill this day the wind all South yet hee could see plainely so that he seekt to the Southward doe what he could This day the wind came up at N. N. W. and hee determined to stand forth againe for if the wind had come'd at N. E. it had beeene impossible for him to have fetcht any part of the channell againe for he thought he drave fast to the southward with South wind yet he had not seene the Land 23. Hee was also determined to spend 20. or 24 dayes in Fretum Davis to see what hopes would bee that wayes supposing there would be little good done in Hudsons straights for the time limited hee plyed to get to Sea-ward and at Clock 8. in the night hee was cleared from the Ice hee then changed his opinion and stood to the N. all hee could as the Ice would give him leave câ—mming 30. Leagues to N. E. by N. in Latitude 61. d. 50. m. at Clocke 6. the wind came N. N. E. 26. This day was faire and coole but the after noone was close and hazie hee tooke in his sayles and held untill
small broken Ilands to a point about 12. leagues distance from the I le he set from it being all broken land so calls it broken point This day 12. he was about 4. miles from the foresaid point fast amongst Ice and he saith he might well have called this Fairenes or Faire Point for from this day to the 30. the weather was so faire and almost altogether so calme that in few places else where fairer weather could not be and untill the 27. hee was so fast inclosed amongst the Ice that one could not dip water by the Ship sides Vpon the 29. day he see the Sunne and Moone both at one time as indeed in faire weather is usuall in those parts Being faire and calme the Sea almost as steady as on shore with his Instruments for Variation hee went to worke to take the time of the Moones comming to the Meridian and had a Quadrant of 6. foote Semidiamiter ready to take Sols Almicanter having taken the Variation of his Needle as properly as he could which was 28. d. 10. m. The Sunnes Almicanter at the instant when the Moone was upon the Meridian was 26. d. 40. m. the Sunnes declination 23. d 6. m. by which 3. things given he found the houre to be 5. a clock 4. m. 54 secon â…“ 4 4 or 67. d. 13. m. 16. s of the Equinoctiall after noone and according to Scarls Ephemerides the Moone came to the Meridian at London at 4. a clock 54. m. 30 s and after Origanus the Moone came to the Meridian at 4. a clock 52. m. 5. s at Wittenberg the same day now having this knowne it is no hard matter to know the Longitude of this place sought for according to the Moones meane motion which is 12. d. a day it is in time 48 m. and to this account if shee bee on the Meridian at 12. of clocke this day tomorrow it will be 48. m. past 12. so hee having the time found by observation at this place viz. 5. houres 4. m. 52. s â…“ 4 4. but in this he needeth not come 50. precise and at London at 4. houres 54. m. 30. s which substracted from the former leaveth 10. m. 22 s â…“ 4 4. Now the Moones motion that 24. houres was 22 d. 38. m. which converted into time is 50. m. 25. s 20. th then the protion standeth thus if 50. m. 25. s 20. th give 360. d. what shall 10. m. 22. s â…“ 4 4. give the propotionals welbes 74. d. South which is West of London because the Moone came later by 10. m. 22. s and by the working of Origanus his Ephemerides the distance is 91. d. 35. m. West of West but whether be the truer hee leaves it to others to judge for if those workings bee not carefully looked unto there may be great errour committed as in the observation and in the Moones comming to the Meridian to the place for which the Ephemerider was Calulated for and it may be in the Ephemerides themselves in all which the best and most judicious may erre The 6. of Aprill another outward bound at Sea by the Moones comming in a right line with two fixed Starres the one was the Lions heart a Starre of the first magnitude the other in the Lions Rumps of second magnitude as followeth The Circumference or outward eye of the Moones being in a right or straight line with those two Starres before named at the instance he tooke the Altitude of the South ballance 2. d. 38. m. because he would save the time but in this it is good to waite a fit time as to gave her in a right line with 2. Starres not farre distant and those not to be much difference in longitude because the Moone will soone alter the auyle or potion and such a time would bee taken when the wood is in the 19. of the Ecliptique above the Horizon for then there is no parallel of Longitude but onely in Latitude but who is painefull in these businesses shall soone see what is needfull and what is not his observations were as followeth Lions Heart  degr min. secon Right Ascention 46. 28. 30. Declination 13. 20. 45. Longitude 24. 27. 45. Latitude 00. 26. 30. Almicanter 33. 40. 00. Lions Rumpe Right Ascention 63. 23. 00. Declination 22. 38. 00. Longitude 05. 53. 45. Latitude 14. 20. 00. the Moons Paralax Paralax 00. 47. 46. Latitude 03. 20. 00. Almicanter 37. 00. 00. Latitude of the 56. 43. 00. This note hee saith is set downe for any that can and are disposed to spend their time therein themselves having spent some and would have spent more if leasure had served but finding it not to his minde he hath set downe the particular worke as he received it from me Rudstone 28 Lying here enclosed now among the Ice with faire and calme weather as before is said untill the 27. day at evening he set sayle the winde South East an easie gale all the 28. and 29. he made way through the Ice but the 29. it was more open thâ—n before in 10. dayes at noone Salisbury sie bare West from him This day was close foggie weather with much raine the winde S. S. E. at noone he was 3. leagues from the land but had much Ice by the shore He stood to the N. and the next morning hee was faine by another small Iland or rather a company of Ilands which he afterwards called Mill Iland by reason of grinding the Ice as he had proofe the Lat. is 64. driving here to and fro untill clock 7. the Ice began to open and separate hee had not past along the I le by the East side thereof but the Ice came driving with the flood-tyde from S. E. with such swiftnes that it overwent his Ship having all sayles abroad with a reasonable gale of winde and put him out of the streame into the eddy of the I le This Iland or Iles lying in the middle of the Channell having many sounds running through them with many points or Head-lands encountering the face of the Tyde causeth such a rebound of the Ice and water which ran one way and the Ship another the Ship having met with Ice with the first or the flood put him neere the shore that hee was in the partition betweene the Ice which the edge caused to runne one way and the streame another where shee endured great distresse Thus hee continued untill towards high water which about one a Clock then with no small trouble hee got into the Channell and stood to the North West ward after hee had past some distance from this I le hee found the Sea more open then it was since he put into the straights and sayled all the next day with a South wind thorow an indifferent cleare Sea at Clock 8. in the morning hee was come againe into much Ice and this Ice was thicker and bigger then any he had before where he began to be enclos'd
26. Leagues distant from Mill I le North West by West true course being first amongst the Ice hee perceived a great Tyde to set to and fro and had 120. Fathome ozie ground at 80. Fathomes the wind comming to the North and setting him somwhat Southward had 110. Fathomes thus seeing great aboundance of Ice in this place and the more he got to the North Westward the shoalder it was the Ice being foule and durty as not bred far from shades hee determined to stand to the Estward to be better informed of the Tyde 6. The morning standing to the Eastward hee brooke a planck and two timbers in his ships bow which after hee had mended he proceeded to the East along the North shore which Land stretcheth along from Resolution within the streights and is the West side thereof 7. This day he saw the Land it being but low and the Sea shoald in respect of other places having 10. or 12. Fathome about a League from shore and some 30. or 35 Fathomes 5. or 6. Leagues from shore having very good channell ground some 18. or 20. Leagues off as small stones and shells but the farther of the more ozie Also here runneth a very great Tyde to the Northward with this evening hee found to be the Tyde of ebbe For comming neere the shore about Clock 7. hee went on Land with his Boate and found it so he stayed on Land about an houre and an halfe in which time the water fell about 3. foote and a halfe and a South South East Moone maketh a full Sea They saw no signe of people to have beene here this yeare but other yeares before they could well see by divers places where their Tents had stood and perhaps their time of fishing was not yet come there being such great abundance of Ice as yet 8. This day the wind was West 9. This day was almost calme and he reckoned to be neere the shore 10. This day hee entermined to stand to I le Notingham to trye the Tyde there the wind South West so as hee turned it up untill night the wind came to North North West 150. Fathome deepe so as hee stood away to the West ward and left the stateth of Notinghams Ile having a great swelling Sea out of the West with the wind that had blowne which put him in some hopes 11. This morning hee saw Land West from him and had no ground at 130 standing along by the Land which then lay North West and by West the next morning hee was thwart of a Bay then standing over to a faire Cape or Head land hee saw in the afternoone it was almost calme being about a League from Land hee sent his Boate to try the Tyde and they stayed about 3. houres going at 5 and returning at 8. and brought word that it was falliâ—g water and that whilst they were on shore it had ebbe two foote also they affirmed that the flood came from the N. in this place whâ—ch he perceived by the Ship shee setting a pace to the N. although it was no wind also they might see by the Rocks that the water was â—aâ—â— this made him doubtfull of a passage that way Master Bylot named this Cape Comfort for the reasons before and not a league from Land is 140. Fathome water here a S E. Moone makes a full Sea the Latitude is 65 and 86. d. 10. W. from London But this suddaine comfort was soone quailed as hee saith for the next day having doubted the Cape and proceeded not above 10. or 13. Leagues but hee saw the Land Trent from the Cape to the Westward untill it bare from him N. E. and by E. and very thick pestered with Ice And the further he proceeded N. ward he found shoalder water and more Ice and small show of any Tyde at 6. he had 130. Fathom soft ozie and at noone had 150. Fad This was the furthest of this voyage being in Latitude 65. 25. and Longitude from London 86. 10. for seeing the Land so farre to the E. of him 9. or 10. Leagues off and the Ice hee was fully perswaded this was but a Bay and so turned the ship homeward without any further search 14. The wind at S. E. that he could make but small way back againe the next morning it was foule weather and hee Anchored in a small Iulet neere Cape Comfort on the N. when here he found a S. and by E. Moone to make a full Sea but could not discerne from whence the flood came for it was bad weather at Sea 16. The afternoon the wind came N. W. stiffe gale and hazie he wayed and stood along the shore by the 16. at noon he went with a great quantity of Ice lying within the point of Land amongst this Ice hee saw a great number of Sea Moâ—s not seing any in all the streights but in this place and those very fearefull not suffering any Ship or Boate to come neere them by Clock 8. he was come to this S. shore point which he called Sea horses Pointe where he came to Anchor in open Sea the better to try the Tyde where he and all his company apparantly found that in this place the Tyde came from S. E. and the Ebbe from N. W. he wayed after hee had found this and stood over with a stiffe gale of wind which continued all day and at night it was very foule weather and sowre stormes By Clock 2. he was come to Anchor on the N W side of Notinghams Iland where 2. or 3. small Iles lye off from the greater which makes very good sounds and harbour about this I le he had store of Ice but nothing as in other places he staid here untill the 27. day with much foule weather many storms often fogg and uncertaine winds many times he wayed Anchor to goe to that side of the I and where the Ship rod when Cap. Button was in her finding in other places of this â—le the Tyde of flood came from the S. E. ward and the time of high water upon the change of day to bee at 10. and halfe an houre past and not after as they supposed before in 10. dayes he stayed about this I le he fitted his Ships with ballast and other necessaries 26. This day being indifferent faire weather hee pâ—ssâ—d betweene Salisbury and Notinghams Iles at the S. point thereof where lie many small lone Iles without the which to have Anchored had beene a fit place to have found out the true set of the Tyde but the Mr. being desirous to have come to the same place where he had rod before stood along by this I le to the W. ward and came to an Anchor in the Eddie of this broken grounds where the Ship rod at no cetainety of the Tyde 27. This morning was soule weather with much raine and wind that the Reager Anchor would not hold at 8. Fathomes scope but was driven into deeper water
his ill reward had of the Spaniard and understanding of the Noble mind of the Queene of England and of her warres maintained so valiantly against the Spaniard hoping her Matie would do him Iustice for his goods lost by Capt. Cavendish he would be content to goe into England and serve her Matie in that Voyage to discover the N W. passage into the S Sea and would put his life in her Maiesties hands to performe the same if shee would furnish him with one ship of 40 tonnes and one Pinnace and that hee would performe the same from the one end of the Straits to the other and he willed me so to write into England Whereupon after this twice conference I did write to the old Lord Treasurer Cicil and to Sir Walter Rawleigh and to Mr. Richard Hackluit that famous Cosmographer praying that 100 pounds might be sent for the charge of sending this Pylot into England I received answer from some of my friend◠that the action was well liked of if the money could be procured After one fortnight he went from mee into his owne countrey where he dyed There are divers other things written in the Originall as enticing perswasions to those undertakings and is to be read as in Sir Humfrey Gilbert Mr. Hackluit and also other which were his collections after his death incerted into the latter end of the 4th Booke of the 3 part of Purkas his works but because these latter truths have proved them to be but the imagination of men I omit them as things needlesse to this ornament for although I have beene carefull to be as compendious as I could yet I feare me my readers will thinke me totedious Concerning Capt. William Hawkridge of whom I find nothing written by himselfe but what hath come to my hands by manuscript or relation as followeth here HEe went bent by the West and the 29 of June he found himselfe betwixt land and land and thought he had bin in the great channell or Lumleyes Inlet where it pleased God by the cleering up of the weather to deliver him from a rocke he might have indangered himselfe upon to the E. ward This day he plyed it out againe to the E. ward finding that he was in the N. or wrong Channell where he saw 3 Rocks he wondred he had escaped for he had runne in amongst them This day was fayre and cleare weather the wind at N W. he stood out againe S E. all the forenoone amongst yce loofing for one and bearing up for another the current setting to the W. ward he tooke marks upon the land and by the logge the Ship run after 5 leag a watch and for all that got nothing he observed by his Astrolob and was in 62 d. 25 m. having had Fogs and Mists for 6 dayes before so as he could not observe and this day he had 29 d variation Westward the magneticall Amplitude 83 d true Amplitude 54. These dayes were fayre cleare weather the 4 was foggie This day the winde was E. This day he plyed to windward to weather Resolution the wind at E N E. This day was foggie wind N E. he lost sight of his Pinnace The 27 of Iune he made the Resolution and the 8 of July he was come backe againe out of the N. channell betwixt Resolution and Cape Elizabeth This day he met againe with his Pinnace and thought to have borne up but the fogge taking him he plyed to the Eastward to the intent he might get into the great channell This day standing to the N-shore with very foggie weather he was taken with an indraft of a strong tide and drawne in amongst divers Ilands about Cape Elizabeth and was in more danger then he saw but having a swelling Sea from the E. hee followed and so escaped all dangers This day he had a strong ripling of a tide his Latit 61 d. 30 m. and the body of Resolution bore N W. by N. from him The 12. 13. and 14 dayes he made account that he had kept that latit and rather to the N. ward but he was horst with a current he could not tell how above 1 d. 30 m. which all men know is 30 leag so that he was to the S. ward of Buttons Iland This day when he came to observe thinking he had bin in the mouth of the strait it proved otherwise the wind cóming contrary as at W and by S. some hopes were taken away that he should not insist any further for that yeare but that himselfe had framed a sound resolution to continue and persever From the 16 untill this day he plyed to the West and was faire by land not 3 leag of the sounding he had no ground in latit 61. 50. The wind N N E. and N E. cleare weather This day he espied land on the S. shore nere Cape Charles but to the E. ward he espyed a little Iland where he stood into a Bay to water and anchored in 25 fath fine fishing ground but catcht none he had land bore round from the N N W. to the E by N. the Ilands Lat. 62 d. 19 m. variat 3 d. 9 m. and here he had a tyde which minding the setting and flowing may cause some Argument of strong consequence to prove a passage that way on this Iland he caught Ducks here he found it to flow 21 foote water the tyde setting S E. and the flood from N W. and in this place a S. E. Moone makes a full Sea He sent the Mrs. Mate and Carpenter with others in the boat to rowe about the Iland and when it bore S. E. of them they had 74 fath halfe a mile from land a strong set tide from E. This day he set saile from this Iland the wind E S E. much wind all day This day in the morning he met with much yce This day he run 35 leag W. by N. but the last day at night he reckned himselfe to be at the westermost Cape on the N. side This day he run 25 leag W by N. but the last day he sawe land and thought it had bin Silisbury and Nottinghams Ilands but it proved the N. Mayne he sailed along W. by N. and W by S. with a stiffe gale at E N E. he found this land to be thicke with yce and very low and run 30 leag along by it The first of August he espyed this land and sailed along in 67 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 fat rocky ground as he stood to the S. ward it was white sand his lat was 63 d. 30 m. variat 27-he found an Iland sayling along the shore the depth betweene which and the Mayne was 70 fath This day he sailed along the N W. with fayre weather and easie wind This day he stood away S W. and anchored in 45 fath clay ground This morning he weighed and stood N W.
3 leag and being faire weather the water shoalding to 30 fath he anchored againe still finding a pretty soaking current setting most an end N W. and S E. This morning clock 8 he anchored againe having but new weighed because of the Fog This morning clocke 4 he weighed and stood away W N W. with S E. wind true course 5 leag and was in 63 d. 50 m. having a swelling Sea out of the Westerboard the water waxed deepe from 30 to 50 fath and the ground was hard channell ground from 12 to 4. he sailed N W. by N. 6 leagues but found no ground and supposed he saw the W. land bore N N W. from him From 4 untill 8 he stood away N. and by E. 5 leag at 8 he sets tacks aboard and stood N E by S. in a deep gut this day he had 45 fath at clocke 4. at 5 he had 8 fath and at 8 he had 65 the land bearing N N W. and N W. This day at the dawning the land bore N W. and he stood along it N E. true course he had sounding 25 and 30 fath and anchored at clocke 8 and weighed againe presently the land bore E. and had sounding all day the further N. ward the deeper water this writer saith he iudged it to be Salibury I le he sailed N E the forenoone some 7 leag in the afternoone N N E. for so the land did lye towards the bottome of the Bay the latit was 64 d. 30 m. variat 23 d. 10 m. the part of this land bore from him N N E. fine low plaine land The 8 in the morning he was perswaded it was a bay but that he will not say he was this day calming and did thinke that there was no tide here but sending his boate on shoare found 20 foot ebbing and flowing and sport enough for them all for in â— houres space he saw in conscience as good as 300 Deare as fat as butter but caught none for his intent was to travell as good as 2 miles hoping to have seene the Sea on the other side but could not 9 This day clock 8. to 12. he run 6 leag W N W. from 12 he steered away as the land would give him leave W S W. and W a fine shoalding coast and dainety sounding shelly ground from 10 to 16 fathomes heere he had a little current set W N W. this as he iudged is all broken land latit 63 deg 40 min. variat 23 d. 30 m. 10 The wind was at S E and by E. the farther to the Westward the shoalder water they iudge themselves to be shot so farre to the W. ward as Sea Horse Poynt because of the coast trenching to Southerly his boate rid with her Grapnet and found a pretty streame 11 This day he was in 63 d. 40 min. latit the land bearing from him S W. and trenching along to the S. being in this lat they thought themselves farre shot to the Westwards within Sea Horse poynt and so returned backe againe for the Bay where they were in almost 65 deg to the N. wards but he altered his mind and stood for Diggs his Iland to try the tyde N E by N. Northerly from thence where he turned out of the Bay of Sea Horse 24 leag 12 This day the wind was E. and by S thick weather 13 From the last day to this day noone he was becalm'd in thicke weather 14 From the last day noone till this he made way 9 leag E S E. and 2 leag N W. 14 He tryed the tyde and found as strong a streame at this time as you have here in the Thames it set S E. and N W. he followed it to see whether it would carry him at clocke 8 at night he anchored and wayed againe at 8 next morning and to 12. he run 4 leag N W by N. from 12 to night 10 leag and he had souâ—â—â—â—g 60 and 70 fath but anchored in 30. 16 This morning 4. he wayed and stood to the N. ward but thought he was stopt by land and therefore bore up the helme for England not oâ— that he was out of hope of a passage for that he will never say 17 From the last day untill this S. W. 8 leag he tackt to the N. ward this morning he was in sounding 70 60 59 fath 18 From the last noone to this he drove N E. 6 leag both these last dayes were thick weather 19 To this day noone 20 knots S E. and 10 knots S W. 20 To this day noone 20 leag S E. the wind W. and foggy 21 To this day noone he run 20 leag S E. thicke weather and he was in 61 d. 15 m. latit and sounding he had 86 fath 22 To this day noone 15 leag E by S. at noone it was cleare weather and he was in 6â— d. 40 m. latit and he saw land to the N. off him and had sounding from 45 40 36 fath 23 This day he was in latit 62 d. 00 m. in the morning the land bore S. off him and they judge it to be the N. shore or Cape he had sounding 9 and 19 fath and had run from last day 22 leag E by N. and 6 leag S he had sounding along the land 17 or 18 fath fine beach land and stiffe a gale at N W. 24 From the last day to this 23 leag S E. and 9 leag E by S. and this morning he fell with land which he tooke to be the Kings Forland it bore S E. 9 leag off and latit 61 d. 30 m. this day the Pinnace stole from them as they thinke upon puroose 25 From this day at noone N N W. 8 leag and N E by N. 9 leag sounding was 40 and 45 fath 26 This day at noone they saw the same breach that they parted from and was by observation in latit 62 deg 10 min. variat 26 deg the wind was at S E. and they thought themselves on the W. side of Mansfield Ile 2 leagues off and had deepe 16 or 18 fath 27 From last noone to this he run 27 leag true course N by E. and were in latit of 60 d. the wind at E S E. this night at clock 10 the fogge came the next morning it cleered but he had no ground at 100 fath he tackt about to the S. ward till next morning and then to the N. ward but at noone could have no observation 28 This morning 8 he tackt to the S for he saw a firme land of Ice from last day to this N E. 12 leag and 7 leag S E because of the Ice at clocke 10 he had 80 fath 29 From last day to this 10 leag S E. and 3 leagues N E and sounding had no ground 30 From last day to this was fog they got but little to the E. ward and sounding had no ground and latit 62 d. 40 min. 31 From the last to this 10
authority thereof vpon the paine of severe punishment as well to him that shall first heare and conceale the same as to the first beginner That no man doe offer to filch or steale any of the goods of the Da 5 Ship or Company or doe offer to breake into hould there to take his pleasure of such provisions as are layd in generall for the whole Company of the Ship nor that any Officer appointed for the Charge and oversight thereof doe otherwayes then shall be appointed him but shall every man bee carefull for the necessary preservation of the Victuall and fuell conteyned in the hould and that also every Officer be so carefull of his store as hee must not be found vpon examination to deserve punishment That no man doe grumble at his allowance of victuall or steale Da 6 any froâ— others nor shall give crosse language eyther to superiour oâ— equall in reviling Words or daring speeches which doe tend to the inflaming of blood or inraging of choller remembring this also that a stroke or a blow is the breach of his Maiesties peace and may not want his punishment therefore as for other reasons That at the Boatswaines Call all the whole Company shall apppeare Da 7 above Dicke or else that his Mate fetch vp presently all such sloathfull persons eyther with Rope or cudgell as in such cases deserve the same The Quarter-masters shall looke into the Steeredge while the Captdine Master and Mates are at Dinner or at supper That all men doe duely observe the Watch as well at Anchor Da 8 as vnder sayle and at the discharge thereof the Boatswaine or his Mate shall call vp the other all praising God together with Psalme and Prayer and so committing our selves both soules and bodies Ship and goods to Gods mercifull preservation wee beseech him to steerâ— direct and guide vs from the beginning to the end of our Voyage which hee make prosperous vnto vs Amen I Set sayle from Deptford and comming by Greenwich where Da 5 Moneths May. then the Court lay I'discharged my Ordnance twice being 7. in number and this night anchored at Erith This day I came to Graves-end where having bought some Da 6 things needfull I set sayle againe and anchored that night betwixt â—he Shooe aud Whittaker This day passing by Essex and Suffolke it being in the night Da 7 and calme I anchored in Yarmouth Roades This day I weighed and set sayle at night I was thwart the Da 8 Shield This day I was put into Flambrough roade with much raine Da 10 and winde at N N W. I came into Whitby roade where I stayed with contrary Da 11 windes untill the 14 day I sayled along the Coast of Yorkshire Durham Northumberland Da 14 and Scotland to St. Tabs-head I was thwart of Buckhamnesse in Scotland where standing Da 15 to the Northwards with sharpe winds I broke my Maine-yard in the middest I came into Durt-sound a harbour in the greatest Iland of Da 16 Orkney but could not heere be provided of a new Maine-yard Wind contrary At clocke 3. in the morning I weighed and went out betweene Da 18 Pape Iland and Sanda at the Northend of the two heads of this Iland there lyeth a Rocke in the midst which doth so straiten the Flood-tyde it bounding thereon from out the Westerne Ocean that I was two houres overhaling ¼ of a mile for thereabouts is the length of that straitnesse and yet I dare say we went above 6. knots in halfe a minute I stood from hence N N W. with the N. part of Ways or Da 20 Hays Iland in 59 deg 8 min the ebbe comming forth carried Da 21 vs it being calme 9. miles to the S W. end which is a very steepe or perpendicular Cliffe against a very high Sea from the West course W N W. The rest as followeth in my booke of Courses Latitudes Variations and Distances The gale increasing I was enforced to hand both top-sayles Da 22 the Ship fell so deepe and shipped so much water forward oâ— in that high Sea comming from the West From this day untill the 23 I did not make above 17 leag Da 23 way W N W. it being faire weather with easie wind upon all points of the Compasse I had no ground at 200 fathomes I was this noone in 59 deg 5â— min. the weather faire and Moneths May. Da 24 cleere the Sunne setting and rising in our sight This morning came a great Whale by us the last night Da 25 and this day was calme we made small way the weather hot as it hath been since I came from Orkney latitude 59 d. 56 no ground at 335 fathomes It was faire weather and easie wind latitude 60 d. 0 min. Da 26 at night the Sunne went cleare to bed the variation taken by amplitude was 8 degrees This day the 28 and 29 the wind contrary I was in traverse Da 27 had little sight of the Sunne since the 26. It was easie wind and close weather and I observed in 58 Da 30 deg 39 m. I caused 3 peeces of Ordnance to be strooke into the hold and two of my greatest Anchors to be taken of the bowes at night I found a drift tree but it would not make me a maine yard It was faire dry calme and close weather since the 26 and Da 31 the great Westerne Sea was not downe untill this day This day was a faire wind with wet foggy weather Moneths June Da 1 I had faire winds but thicke close weather Da 2 This fulsome ugly morning presented the foulest childe Da 3 that the whole voyage brought forth with such variety and changes of the Elements Ayre and Water as if all had conspired to make our destiny fatall I lay a try in the Mizen course and caused the Carpenter to make loose and strengthen the fishes and wouldings of the maine-yard which being done I caused the Mizen to be strucke and the helme to be put on weather to try if the ship would weathercoyle if I had occasion to which she obeyed presently so as I was then put into good assurance of her quicke steerage against I was to enter into the Ice This day were many gusts of wind with small raine Da 4 This day was lesse wind and I made good way to the Da 5 Westwards Faire weather I continued my course to the Westward and Da 6 being in 60 d. 31 m. I directed the course W. by S. Faire weather but no Amplitude since the 26 of the last moneth here was much driftwood I proceeded with easie winds but faire thicke fog which ended in raine the Seas set from S S E. the wind changeable Da 8 Moneths June Faire weather the Sea so smooth as it had been made ready Da 9 to have been bowled upon Some fog and easie wind the ship made way to the Westward Da 10 the Sea exceeding smooth but no amplitude of long time Faire weather and easie winds I
the same Setting forth and beginning my accompts from the W. most place of Orkney I made 2 observations for the variation of the compasse evenin Amplit the one was 8 d. the other 4 d. but I do give no certain credit therunto yet I do rather trust to that of 8 d. at which instant I did account I was 24 deg or thereabout Eastward of the great Meridian and neere the parralell of 60 deg continuing the course W. ward as wind would serve untill I came into the Latit of 58 deg 12 min. I was then 12 deg or thereabouts from the place of my departure and traversing with contrary windes betwixt the latit of 59 deg 12 min. and 60 deg 20 min. at 18 d. ½ distance from my setting forth I continued the course still Westward with so small difference betwixt my observation and protraction or traverse as I thought I might as well trust to the one as the other Continuing this course in the latit of 60 deg 19 m. W. from the first Meridian 6 deg I found by my observation that I was to S. ward 5 m of my protracted course and though then I did perceive that the Compasse was varied Westward yet how much for want of Amplitude or celestiall observation could not be knowne Now the wind comming freely on and taking Mr. Hals account That Cape Farewell in Groyneland which land first I did desire to fall with though I did not much regard lyeth 18 d. W. from the great or first Meridian as also Mr. Brigges is neare the same and in latit about 59 deg I directed the course W. and W. and by S. thinking thereby to fall in fight of the said Cape And although there is no certainty of agreement amongst some of my predecessours concerning the variation there some writing 11 d. others 14 d. confusedly yet I did hope that course would have brought mee at least to sight thereof report making it to be high and Mountainous land not withstanding Variation or current especially having so franke a gale of wind and but 12 d. of a small circle neere the 60 paralell the distance being but 120 leag at most and in that distance holding the same course I had 2 deg 14 min. to wracke upon and within one point at most of my paralell and neerer with a stiâ—â—e gale wet and hazie I durst not hale for engaging my selfe with an unknowne Cape which hath both Ilands and Ice lying there off where I might have beene endangered at the least incumbred Now when I had sailed 100 leag from the said latit I met with Ice and as before in Moneths June such weather I would not deale with land but stood away 30 leag more to the Westward Hauing an observation in 58 d. 10 min. and by my protract Da 14 or dead reckoning I was in latit 59 d. 27 min. contrary to expectation the same afternoone the variation taken by Azimuth and Almicanter was 8 d. 50 m. but being set more to S. ward then this allowance I did call to minde the current which Sir Martin Frobrisher found upon the coast of Greenland in the lat about 62. setting from N E. to S W. as the land doth there lye where they doe affirme that the flood tyde did run 9 houres and the ebbe but 3. I know no other cause for this but the large distance betwixt Nova Zembla on the E. and Groenland in which the Ocean may take opportunity to use his naturall agitation from E to W. being thereunto drawne by the restlesse motion and impulsion of the Heavens and here butting upon Groenland must of necessity the land lying somewhat neere his naturall inclination trend along there setting his current to the S W. or else as in a huge Bay make a Repercussive motion as in the Bay of Mexico by entring in at the S. side and wheeling about by the bottome must revert back againe along the North side by Cape Florida Now this 9 houres of the floud-tyde running may be by this restraint of the Seas naturall course in meeting with the land must needs enforce all the Sounds Bayes Rivers and through-lets with quantities of waters and in through-lets especially setting Westward and wanting Limitation shall continue his naturall course the longer being assisted by that motion untill the ebbe being strengthened by the height of waters or of course from the W. Sea shall returne againe according to his proper retraction And thus much further I am of opinion if Sir Martin Frobrisher had pursued his course West ward in his Straite he being 60. leag up the same he had doubtlesse sailed into Fretum Davis for he entred upon the East side and after him Davis on the W. have almost met nor will I be perswaded but that if there were a Dorgio as is mentioned by the Zeni that that 〈…〉 of land on the S. betwixt Frobrishers strait and Cape Farewell is the 〈…〉 But to come to my selfe and to end this digression although I hope what I have here incerted will not be held any way Moneths June impertinent Cape Farewell I holde for certaine doth attract the Magnet more suddainly comming from the East ward towards it then any any knowne Cape in the world as did appeare in all this Voyadge I did here reckon of 24 deg variation but sailed all by Meridian compasse and have wrote this Iournall there after therefore the allowance is to be accounted as the places doe differ in variation This snowie morning I stoode in againe at clocke 7. I sell Da 21 about 2 leagues more to the West off the same I le I first discovered yesterday the Bay lay still full of Ice this W N. West wind bloweth hard by puffes standing from hence South-W 2 leagues over Lumleys Inlet wee had great store of masht Ice and was faine to beare up for one and loose for another but the Sea was smooth after this for 2 leagues sailing it was cleare at night 10. wee see land and made it upon assurance to be Cape Warwick and this cleere was in the Lee thereof for standing still the same course over wee found more Ice in the South channell and more comming out of Fretum Hudson then I had before the wind blew here bleate and unquoth This day we had boarded it up in smooth water bearing a Da 22 good saile betweene Cape Chidlie and Cape Warwicke and were entred Fretum Hudson and now I desire a little of your patience The Iland Resolution so named by whom I know not but sure I am Davis was the first of us that see it naming the East end thereof Cape Warwicke and it seemeth for good reason for that honourable house hath and unto this day doth still cherrish those worthy Marine enterprises as doth appeare by Frobrishers 3 Voyages to their no small charge as also those two Honourable houses of Darcie now Lord Rivers by whom Davis named certaine Ilands
upon the North part of America wherein he found Deere the other is Cumberlands to whom he dedicated other Ilands in his furthest West in a passage he entred 60 leagues but he came backe Notwithstanding those Nobles others were at great charge in his setting forth as may be observed by the naming of Lands as Mount Raleigh Hope Sanderson Cape Chidly now but not rightly called Buttons Ile Moneths June for to use his owne words speaking by Warwicks Forland this Cape as it was the Gulfe wee passed over the 30. of this moneth so was it the North Promontorie or first beginning of a very great Inlet whose South lymit at this present wee see not which Inlet or Gulfe in the night wee passed to our great admiration for the waters fall and he saith that having past the mouth of this Gulfe he fell with the Southermost Cape thereof which he named Chid lies Cape Having made this Cape which to doe I stood over as neere as I could for ice but was at least 6 leagues off it appeared high and 4 distinct Ilands in number I iudge there is more being now assured that God had sent me into the passage I stoode over to the North with Cape Warwick the middle Channell was cleare of ice and therein I had a good observation of 61 degrees 10 min. cleare weather and a constant gale otherwise I durst not have stoode to the Southwards remembring Gibbons it blew in both topsailes but towards night the wind lessened and I could perceive the ice betwixt me and the Cape to drive to Seaward of which neere the shoare was great store The flood comming on I caused both Topsayles to bee cast over and wee threed it betweene Ice and Ice with a well bent flood inwards so as that we had got above the Ile that tyde if this faire day had not ended in fogge A motion was made before this to looke for harbour but that I denied for those reasons given that I did not know what danger might fall me if I had put into the shore where lay much yce as we could see and what yce or sunke Rocks might be in the way I was as ignorant of besides not knowing whether the wind would serve to bring me in a safe roade and how the Tyde might set to turne or sayle in as occasion might fall out but the worst was and that was most I feared the wind might Souther and then there being such store of yce in the passage would inforce all the harbours full and so might cut my cable and put me on shore upon the Rockes it flowing much water there as Bassin reports with these reasons wee were all perswaded to ply it up amongst the Ice in Sea roome rather then to indanger our selves in Moneths Iune harbour or neere the shoare where for certaine the broken Rockes the grounded Ice the small Ilands by restraining the Tides must make them Reverse with Counter-sets and Eddies as may be observed by London bridge the bases of whose Arches being set in the Tides course doth so restraine his motion that the following streames by heightning the waters causeth such a Current as it were to ingulfe by the fall thereof as you see the water men cannot keepe their boates even on the Counter tyde wheeling on her of the one side the eddie coursing her upon the other not joyning their separations but goeing as it were distracted above Cole-harbour before they come to themselves againe to passe Westward and all this hazard is to no purpose for wee are safer at Sea besides wee are not sure of any refreshing and if wee were wee have no neede being but newly come from home and if the wind come to South and so Eastwards to North-East wee being in the Sea may proceede night or day but in harbour wee cannot and therefore to take harbour were vanity unlesse to loyter spend away and consume time the thought whereof is ridiculous the Fogge and night came both together and having the last 24 houres quitted aboundance of Ice to Seaward which might serve as a Baracadoe if the Wind should come from thence and keepe us safe amongst it as after blessed be God it proved wee made fast to a peece of Ice filld fresh water thereupon and went all to our beds save the watch this fogge night was calme This misty morning made the Sunne clime 10 degrees in Da 23 height before he could peepe through the same which afterwards prooved a very faire calme hot day making both Ice and Pitch runne but the ship was inclosed amongst the Ice driving with ebbe and flood about 2. leagues from the South end of Resolution I had no ground at 180 fathomes some of my men said they saw smoake on land and after it prooved true for Captaine James was in harbour there all that same time my Master went with boate and kild 9 willicks whereof he kindly bestowed upon every Messe one they make strong and good pottage I pressing hard for getting cleere that I might proceed was Moneths June demanded why I made such haste answered that as every Mountaine consisted of severall peeces so did my Voyage upon Fathomes which must be measured here with speed though afterward I might take leisure which added one to another might in time compasse all the Mountaines of the world and that it fared with me as with the Mackarell-men at London who must hasten to Market before the fish stinke This evening the Sun set cleare the Ayre breathed gently from the East and we lay quietly all night amongst the Ice This morning the wind began to gather strength from the Da 24 E S E. the flood came on and the Ice began to separate I caused one peece to be made fast unto the ship with 2. Grapnels to the intent to towe it at the ships sterne mooring the ship so thereunto that she might make way N W. for the North shore for that it hath been alwayes said that the North side was cleerest from Ice thus made fast although the wind forst on the ship yet her way was so easie as she could take no harme if she had touched upon the same because this trayle or drag stayed her way but the wind blowing on the ship broke one Grapnet off by the Arme of the flooke and bended the other so as we were loose from thence but meeting great store of driving Ice I caused to make fast againe for safety where we were presently inclosed for many miles This morning the ship broke loose from that peece I was Da 25 made fast unto the ship and tackling being more in the winds power then the Ice it being lower caused her to drive faster I caused the Spritsaile to be loosed to binde the ships Stem to the Ice which gave alwayes way with the flood which set Westward So the East wind forcing it backe made it cloze with the ebbe returning Eastwards which put mee in good hope that
Seamors teeth Vnicornes horne or Whale Finne Plants Herbes or any thing Spungy fleet out of the Sea if you finde Scurvie grasse Orpin or Sorrill bring them all on board to me Seventhly If you will goe above the full Sea marke looke for scoting of wilde Beasts by that or their dung you may imagine what they are if Deere doe not chase them into the land for feare of being betrayed for the people in those parts are all treacherous how faire soever they intreat you remember also that the losse of you or the boate is the utter overthrow of the whole Voyage Eightly If you finde of their Tents and they fled doe no harme to any of their buildings but bring with you the most things of marke leaving in the same place a peece of Iron Moneths Iuly bigger or lesser as you estimate the same to be of worth unto us and so neare as you can chuse a beach or sandy Bay to land in for there you shall espie most likelihood of Inhabitants Ninthly leave one Carbine one Lance and one short Sword to defend the boat with whose tow keepers you shall give charge that if either they shall espie any token from the ship as striking the maine Topsaile Mison and Spritsaile Gunshot or Firesmoke or be assaulted by any the Inhabitants that then they shall discharge the said Carbine To the first intent that you repaire with speed on board to the second for their rescue and your own saftie when you come cleerein the tydes way try it as before in the 4 article the rest is referred to your own discretion so I pray God for your safe returne This morning at clocke 6. the wind came faire the weather Da 4 like to be thicke and raine I beckoned them to come on board but they saw me not at their departing the dawning being cleare the Ayre calme and it was within an houre of Sun-rising the Sea smooth the ship nearer the shoare then at any time before since we came into the passage and the whole day towards I would not loose this opportunity to send to land the boat after 5 houres they returned and gave account that it was flood-tide about clocke 5. and that they thinke it flowed halfe an houre the land lay N N W. in this time with the ship we drive by an Iland of Ice a ground in 50 fathome they found where people had been of old their Tent walls were of stones laid one upon another square built found one knife haft three severall sorts of herbes but my Chirurgion knew not what they were one peece of drift wood they found the dung and footing of Deere lately made and if they may be beleeved they affirme that in ¼ of an houre it did flow above 4 foot water and that it had above 5 fathomes upright to flow to the full Sea marke which they could easily perceive by the beach they being forced to rowe and saile 4 miles before they could come to a place to land at this E S E. wind blew on with stiffe gale and durt at noone it fell thicke raine and continued untill 4 next day morning in which time wee made way neare 30 leagues in cleare Sea and then had like to have beene imbayed which Ices lyeth thick off Prince Henries Foreland the South land bearing round from W N W. ½ Westerly to 108 degrees Southwards to cleere which wee were Moneths July glad to put tackes a board and turne it â—orth to the Northwards whereit was cleare of Ice This morning the Sun was vailed with drisling raine I stood Da 5 over for the N. shoare the Master would have perswaded me to stand over for the S. saying the Capes on the S. which wee had seene were Savage Ilands so named by Bylot this being after wee had an observation of 62 deg 40 min. we had some circumstance about it but he went away well satisfied and it proved as I tolde him for at night wee had Savage Ilands N but noe land Northward in sight This evening the Sunne set with a weather gall opposite and Zephyrus blewe on a pretty gale at the same instant the lead was wet in 150. fathomes the line having 20. fath straie to the E. and I thought the Tyde set W. the most of this day I stood away N W. but was glad sometime to alter course to the N. for Ice for the S. land lay all full this day hath bin very hot Before this S. wind came Da 6 I did thinke the wind had blowne either right up or right downe the passage viz. E. or W. as for the most part it doth the W. is cleare faire and hot Sun-shine but the aire is cold when it Veereth about as once in 3. dayes and by the S. it is either thick raine soft sleet or warme fog the wind E. or thereabout these done he changeth to the W. againe bringing the weather faire as before I did thinke that this day the Tide set forth this morning we saw Cape Charles 12 leag off S S East The Sunne did rise cleare at clocke 8 came on a Fogge and Da 7 continued unto one wee had store of ice to the S. off us then it cleared and we were come to the Westward amongst much ice and had sight of a high Iland bearing W. about 6 or 7. leag off wee saw also the high land of the N. maine 12 leag off The Sun set valed and we had no ground at 150 fath it fell to raine and I tooke in both topsailes and stood to and againe among the Ice This morning was cold with some snow and the W. wind Da 8 blew hard we made the ship fast to a great peece of yce which she plowed through the rest by force of the Gale although we had made her as snug as we could at Noone we were in 63 deg 31 min. now the wind calmed and I made loose and stood to the N. and at Sun setting I had sight of the N. Maine Moneths Iuly againe the Sun ser cleare this evening This mornings Sun raise cleare and I stood to the N close Da 10 to an Iland nere the Maire which Iland at my returne I named Ile Nicholas from which with a S W. wind I stood over to the Southward and stood with the Iland I saw the 7th day before I hoped it would prove Salisbury this day ended wee made fast againe for all this North Channell was thick with ice upon which we silled 2 hoggsheads with fresh water I loosed againe and with a small gale came within 4 miles of Salisburies Iland for it can be no other it is high land but not clifled I caused to make fast againe for that nere the land and the middle Channell was all full of ice and no ground at 120 fath and untill 6. the tide set Westward and then it returned what tide it was I could not discerne although I came so nere the land
25 25 25 fathomes at the distance of 7 leagues from my last nights Anchoring place I met another Iland three or foure more within it all lying almost without sight of the Maine I stood within them to seven fathomes and tooke about to make a perfect discovery of the Maine which done I Veered away the wind still about North North West I went to Seaward off the said Iland at whose Northeast end there lay a reefe which with the ebbe that fell over it made a great Ripling or Race so as I could discerne thereby when I might edge up againe here in this Overfall was a Sea Mors I tooke this to be the Checkes latitude 61 degrees 10 minutes I went over in nine fathomes and then standing Southwest came presently into twentie I hoped now for a sight of Hubberts comfortable Hope the land lay along Southwest and Northeast it hath blowen all this day to Course and Bonnet at night I Anchored at twenty fathomes two or three leagues from shore the land is low but within are many water ponds and small growne wood I stood along all those supposed Checkes from my last Da 3 nights Roade into 3. fathomes upon the shoare the land lowe but now and then a Sandie knowle or downe would appeare Moneths August much like the coast of Holland and â—landers wee made way S W. and by W. 10 leag and divers times see dry shelves betweene us and the shoare The Latit w is 60 d. 22 m. this afternoone was small wind from S W. and I sent the boat to the land being about 3 miles off my selfe with ship anchored in 7 fathomes I gave a token that if the water should shoale sodainely they in the boate should shoote off a Musket which before they came to shoare they did here were many Musketoes The Master was in the boate and had but 2 fathomes when they shot all the water within us was shoald so that then we were glad to wade forth although the tyde was flood it flowing 14 inches in two glasses but in further examining I found no good account onely this doth sustice that as I range along the coast I do goe from the tide and that it keepeth course with the Moone and that the further I speed from Sir Thomas Roes welcome it still floweth lesse water and the tides current is the easier here on land the Mr. found the reliques of a birch Cannowe the footings and hornes of Deere both small and great and of fowle an Arrowe headed with a nayle the head beaten broad and put into a shaft of 18 inches long he thought it flowed about 7 foote the floode began about clocke 8. I am sure it was slacke tyde at ship then and I will be slacke to write any more hereof for I cannot season the reckoning taken on shoare After the boates comming on board I stood off 3 glasses to anchor in 13 fathome water Hubbert makes me hope for now I draw nere here the tyde did set S W. and by W. the ebbe E and by South From the last day to this I made way S S W. 5 leag and am Da 4 now in 59 d. 53 m. of Latit standing along betweene 10 and 20 fath S S W. at night 10. I came to a land lying about 2 leag from the Mayne but so dry at low water that you may goe to the firme land betwixt the one and the other this lyeth from my last nights roade 10 leag S and by W. At the dayes appearance I went to this Iland it is all stones Da 5 as the other the Sea hath bin smooth of long time the Sunne rose cleare and at the 4 glasse after lowe water it did flowe 21 inches this was when the half tyde came to take his first set and came with a shuft I did account that it would Moneths August not flow lesse then 18 foote but after this shuft it flowed lesse and lesse untill full Sea that tyde the 3 first glasses did not flow above 2 foote Vpon this Iland were many corpes laid in the same manner as at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome the Salv. inhabitants had lately bin there left the skaddles of their fire they had also sunk a well ston'd it about for there was fresh water therein there was here some store of the ruined fragments of Cannowes and other firre wood with which we laded the boat on board there was also carved toyes in their graves I did Anchor at clocke 8 now these nights begin to be long left I might slip by some Inlet unseene this day was very â—ot and a small gale from S S W. we had all this time very hot dayes euer since we came from Carie Swans nest if that the cold N W. wind had not delayed them this Meridian I was in 59 d. 05 m. I stood off into 20 fath and went in againe to 15. the broken Iland in sight since noone untill this midnight I made way S. 3 leag and then I discerned the land to meete upon my weather bough and a head so I caused to tack about and lay N W. by N. in wind W by S. 5 glasses a leag it seemed to be higher land then I had lately seen from 15 fath deepe yesterday I came S. as before upon 18 and 20 fathoms I stood thus to the Northwards untill day light and then I see my land I was upon yesterday morning and the land within it which I see yesternight stretching into Hubberts Hope I stood about to the Southwards and the day light being come Da 6 on I could see the bottome of Vainely Hâ—apt Hubbert for so I â—â—ld it and the South land meeting E and W. the length of it at least 15 leagues I anchored the boate in 20 fathomes the Tyde came N. W. and this is that supposed Tide that set E and W. which was no more but the same Tyde I brought along with mee from Sir Tho. Roes Welcome comming all along the coast S W by S. falling into this Vaine Hope is enforced to alter his course by opposition of the S side of this large Bay and there to set E and W. as the land doth lye 1 mile 2 7. in one houre The Iland I was upon yesterday was doubtlesse the Checks named by Sir Thomas Button for what reason I know not except for that here his hope was crost he tooke it as a checke This land bore from me to the S E. by E. and was gentlie decending down to the Sea side the greenest best like I have Moneths August seene since I came out of the river of Thames and as it were inclosed with thick rowes of Trees betweene one meadowe and another distinct as it were Barne Elmes nere London and at sight hereof I did thinke of them and if there be any keeping of tame Deere or other beasts or tillage in all that countrey I should think it to be there for certainely there
Peregrine for so I call the last Head-land having the Knowle thereon I had from 70. to 100. 120. 80. and to 30. fathomes this equally arbitrated day and 〈…〉 with wet hazle I stood in two Top-sayles over my Courses N. E. by E. 24. leagues This day morning I met with Land I tooke to be S. W Da 14 side of Sea-horse Point and this 120. fathomes was open upon the Bay betwixt point Peregrine and this Land where for anything yet knowne there may be a through-let this land is of an indifferent height descending by degrees to the Set this night was thicke wet fogge here was yee put into this Bay as might be suspected by the S. E. Winds which had blowne so long before untill now I stood neare to see if any thing of note were upon the Land but comming neare Yee we Tacked to Sea againe This morning was sleight fogge and raine but after prayers the Sunne shone and thawed our men and made them more limber I was in 63. deg 41. the Horizon was thicke but I think I was not farre amisse at ½ past 12. it fell calme the weather beganne to thicke I Anchored in 55. fathomes the Tyde came from the W. Moneths September For so lay the Land and I have boulted it upon a Bowlin with more or lesse Wind ever since the 6. day I rid at Anchor this night and at past 1â— the ebbe Tyde did not leave his course but onely stacke from 7. to that houre the Wind at N. blew of the Land and the Ship came not to Wind-road I had duly marked the Lead-line and tryed divers times how the Tyde did flow and at sâ—aâ—ke water I found it to have slowed 20. foot and this was 24. houres before the conjunction and as I doe remember Mr. Baffia saith that on the other side of this Poynt it doth flow a S. and by E. Moone this night I did sit up on purpose to be satisfied herein Henceforth I doe write true course variation and wreke allowed the Compasse hath neare 26. deg heare this night clocke one I was under Sayle and Runne 4. Leagues E. N. E. when I met with yee but small as chaffe and at the dawning of day I did by this yee assure my selfe that I was the length of Sea-horse Point to the E. For that this North wind had blowne the mash't yee from above the North side of the Poynt and so it proved this yee was both small and small of it and thinne we Runne through it without stay or abatement of Sayle I stood away from hence close hal'd E. N. E. 25. leagues 2. Da 15 miles then being towards night I had sight of Mills Isle so named by Bilot because of the Ice grinding against him like the grinding of a Mill and also of Salisburie bearing S. E. and Mill I le from N. E. to N. N. E. this day and night were hazie the lands had much snow on them our Sailes with wet fogge and frost were stiffe as Vellome standing this Milners Isle along in the night came off either small mash't Ice or else the shadow of the Moone deceived me to trie whether I durst not but cast about to the West againe along the Isle thinking here in this milde Channell to try the Tyde that all obstacles being removed the difference betweene Baffine and Sir Thomas Button might now be reconciled before I put to the N. W. from Nottingham in practice as I was instructed all night I stood to and againe and found a good flood Tyde set to N. W. the Mr. was up this night but was not able to continue This morning I plyde it up to the West end of the Island Da 16 and when the Tyde was done I put into a through-let I named Hurins Through-let for that hee upon the fore-yard conducted in the Ship in the entrance of this Harbour lyeth a Rocke in the middle which is covered at ½ Tyde we borrowed Moneths September close upon the W. side in 10 fathomes and Anchored in 13 the sound about 3 flight shot over the Tyde did flow about 4 fathomes the flood doth set through it to the N. it lyeth NE. in a S. S. E. Moone maketh full Sea This Iland lieth along E. ½ S. Nottinghams Ile lieth from Da 16 this S. ½ E. Salisbury S. S. ½ E. the North Mayne N. ½ W. all in sight at once and yet it was none of the cleerest dayes there is 6. goings out and in to this sound 5. to the N. and but one to the South I went on land this morning to hasten our men to fill water Da 17 in a Coue where there is good landing for Sea Mors of which wee see here good plentie and going on land one amongst the rest with her young being in our way strucke her yong diuers times to make it diue downe which when shee see it would not shee encountered our boate and with her teeth strucke at her Iohn Coatesworth strucke her through the necke with a Lance that all the water about the boate was bloodie the young and damme went downe and once againe mounted but after wee see them not I haue heard the Mors killers say that their skinnes are so tough as no Lance will enter it doth yeeld so and therefore to kill them they must bee before them to pricke them vpon the nose that shee by casting vp her head may stretch her skinne tought at her breast wherein the launce will enter with more facilitie but this proued otherwise After wee had watered and come aboard the flood bending with easie winde N. N. W. wee could not ouer-haile to get forth the same way wee came in but turned it to the N. westward with tide and came out at the W. most sound where in the N. Channell I found it to come more then 3. houres Tide after full Sea on shoare and that very sharpely the next nights flood I plied vp to the N. mayne This morning flood I plied vp by the N. mayne and stopt Da 18 the ebbe in 60. fathomes neere shoare the winde N. N. W. with sometimes showers of small snow and hard frost so as all our tackling and shippe bowes where the water came were all â—ce-sickles but it was easie winde and smoth Sea here I was 5. miles to N. of a faire head land so made by the land trenting E. and N. from the same I named it King Charles his Promontorie with another Cape to the N. the land being there N. and Moneths September S. 4. deg W. which I named Cape Maria in a most bounden and dutifull remembrance of my King and Queene because if this proue a passage these are the most remarkeable and of greatest note and most eminencie drinking their health with the young Princes I had no obseruation since the 14 but doe account the Kings Promontorie to lie in 64. deg 46. min. the Queenes about 8. leagues distant N. from thence there lieth to
the N. W. of the Kings Cape 3. Islands passeable round about standing like an Equilaterall triangle which I named Trinitie Isles in the remembrance of the house of Deepeford Strand A 4th Da 18 and out-most I named Isle Cooke thinking of my good friend and countenancer Mr. Walter Cooke an assistant in that Corporation This little recreation wee had at this Celebration hath much comforted our men that were aboue and something cheered those that were downe as the Master the Boate-swaine his mate the Gunner Carpenter Exposer Russell yet they seeme to bee the worse since this certaine triall of the tide to come from S. E. with his constant flowing and ebbing doth make them conceiue that this hard labour is in vaine Yet they say nothing to mee but that the N. W. tide was mistaken for the Masters of the Trinity House were very carefull that I should bee well man'd so that I had not aboue 5. but were capable of an accompt and therefore the easier to bee gouerned and more helpefull to the designe thus wee ended the euening in feasting and reposed vntill clocke 12. in the night and then wee weighed ankor againe Mr. Hurine and my selfe hoping by this faire meanes to jndure our sufferings thereby to see the hopes of the supposed passage this way This ebbe wee held it vp vnder-â—aile and ankored not This day wee plide about the Queenes Cape the S. side Da 19 thereof is all Rocks small Islands shelues and ouer-falls from 45. fathoms into 20. the land to the N. of the Queenes Cape doth lie N. E. this Cape doth lie in aboue 65. deg 13. min. of latitude it hath beene showers of snow all day I ankored at Clocke 5. in 30. sathomes blew oaze the ebbe was come on and therfore wee came to a sharpe bitter before our ship staid this Tide run from the N. E. as the land wended 3. â— â— miles an houre The night Tide I plide vp N. E. 6. leagues and stopt in 23. fathomes clammy oaze 4. leagues from land at first comming Moneths September of the flood tide it came W. and in 3. glasses it set round about by the S. to the N. still running without any stop heere doth appeare to bee Islands and through lets that doth after the Tides course when hee beginneth not to take his Currant vntill the ½ flood bee past and then hee retaineth his constant course It is now and then snowing I rid now in latitude about 65. 50. min. the day came on and Da 20 I see the land lie along N. E. by E. with 2. Islands neere the one a league off the other bearing S. E. and S. E. by E. coâ—se weather some snowie the low water slacke was this day at Clocke 11. I made way from 11. that I weighed anchor to 5. 12. leagues N. E. by N. when I raised a point or head-land of good height decfending to the Sea or W. wards the Throughlet or Bay on the Starbord as I did coast the E. side I could not see the bottome not of 7. or 8. leagues deepe I had 43. fathomes oazie ground from this Cape the land doth trent to the S. ward of E. the further I came to the N. wards I haue still darker nights the Moone is waineing and it's could weather Comming neere vnto this Cape I see many ouer-falls and races in the Tides face being deeper with more breacke then heretofore so as I caused an ankor to bee made ready hauing then 20. fathomes but before I came to the first ouer-fall I had but 7. 8. 10. differing as fast as the lead went down I anchored in 8. the Cape bore S. S. W. 2. leagues off at the full Sea slacke I could see betwixt vs and the Cape all broken grounds and the ebbe came on so swiftlie as it was bent before wee could get vp our anchor thinking to fall from those ouer-falls and wee were iust at the S. end of those broken grounds the land stretcht away S. E. from hence it runs about ½ Tides for the broken grounds were drie within vs before the Tides returne To conclude I doe account this Cape to lie some mi. within the Artick Cirkle it stretcheth E. wards as before which in hazie weather as in the night is easie to discerne in those parts for the land lying hid in snow doth cause a white reflexe in the Ayre all night as though it were dawning or twi-light before and after sun-set this Cape I named my Lord Westons Portland Hauing weighed ankor I stood off N. by E. and N. N. E. 10. leagues thinking to stand with the W. side that thereby Moneths September if I had found the land to stretch to the E. and S. ward as this did the flood going accordingly would haue giuen good satisfaction to his Majestie but I was not able the reasons you shall find after the sequill of this journall amongst the reasons for my home comming this yeere and ankored some-while before the ebbe had done running in 28 fathomes I commanded the watch to trie the streame of the Flood-tide by the log when it was bent â—n the fourth glasse of the watch my selfe comming foorth of my cabbin and looking ouer-board see the Tide did not goe aboue 2. knots the watch answered that it did not runne so fast as at first commâ—ng on then it went 3. ½ but was now abated I was no sooner laid downe in my cabbin but that I heard the Cabâ—e run forth and wee had all much adoe to bring the shippe to a bitter before it was out end for end Now you shall vnderstand that the ankor had Cadged a great while when comming to take a sudaine hold broke the two Lashers of our stoppers and hal'd the Cable about the bitts the tide taking the ship away E. 4. knots ½ shee hauing driuen an honre or more before In the morning the land beare S. by W. from vs so that wee though wee had run through it the last nights ebbe when it prooued the former as Lord Westous Portland for in that bearing i seemed like an Isleland the deepenesse of the Bay to the S. E. tooke away the sight of any other land for making account that the ebbe set W. standing as before 10 leagues from the Cape it should haue beene so but finding it otherwayes as wee stood with ebbe S. W. wee were drawne into the Bay on the S. side of the Cape where we espied the land to stretch as it did the day before with the same for me which I drew then I knew that for certaine it was the same Portland wee stood Da 12 along S. S. W. this ebbe and got not so much with both ebbs and wind by 2. leagues as wee lost the flood betwixt them But â—ot the Sea-mans better vnderstanding of this I conceiue it may bee made appeare by a familliar example nearer our owne doores and especially by both example and demonstration here
the South-East flood Tyde did slacke the same when it came but how it did flow and what water I cannot report for want of my journall it being now out off my hands but I did finde the same flood-tide to answere the report of Master Byâ—oâ—s journall writ by Baffin and I found some quantity of ice betweene Cape Pembroke and Sharkes Point undesolved at that time being the foureteenth of September Having made those observations I stood over with North-winds for Mill Iâ—land mentioned in my instâ—uctions but for no intent to coast the East-side for I had with that wind much adoe to fetch the same with bording and turning under the South side of it two Tides before I got into a Throughlet at the West end thereof whereinto I put and there found it to flow at least foure fathomes The Tide running halfe Tyde and comming from South-East as well upon the North and Southside as upon the South of Nottingham at my departure from thence whereupon I plied up with North-West windes every Tyde being forced to stoppe the Ebbe nor could I recover the West side with those winds untill I attained the Cape I have called Lord Westoâ—s Portland in the latitude about 66 d. 47 m. where I found the Tyde of flood to come still along as the coast did lie which was to coast from Northwest to North to Northeast and to East and to Southeast the deepest water not above 30 fathomes as I remember five leagues from land the Sea slight and smooth with these winds so as it is easie to conjecture thereof either ice or land was not farre off for wee found good store of undesolved ice at Sharke Poynt whereupon I stood 10 leagues from â—ence as I supposed for the Westside which I could not attaine and if I had continued this course for the West side with this winde I must have stopt the Ebbes and Baffin writing of 130 fathomes deepe there the just length of my small cable-shoat I must have bid the ship to have stoopt for the rest and to have done the same by my biggest I had not strength enough to have wayed the same from ground againe likewise I had no reason to follow the East finding it to Trent away South East from that Headland which for resemblance and â—â—mile to this of ours I named L. Westons Portland from whence I doe perswade my selfe the Ebbe doth take his halfe course through those Ilands of Cumberlands into â—retum ` Davis the â—lood cannot bee great which conjecture may say should come through that straight and meet ours at Portland being hindred by these foresaid Iles where Davis saith hee met a strange Tyde from the South-West may be the cause which by that straightnesse may retort the â—loods way But to the purpose the winds were North-west nor could I stay the change thereof for the most of my best men as Master Gunner Carpenter Boatswaine his Mate and one or two of the common men were downe the rest complaining of cold paines and no marvell they having beene over-toyled in the bottome of Sir Thomas Buttons Bay and that undiscovered betwixt him and Hudson with watching and warding day and night manning both Shippe Boate and Pinnace both in Anchoring and Sayling but especially at Leade when in all the time of my Sayling the said Bay there was never one from keeping the same The weather had beene for about 3 weekes before nothing but Snow Frost and sleet at best our selves ropes and sayles froaze the Sunne seldome to be seene or once in five dayes the nights 13 houres long the Moone wayning and in conclusion I was enforced either to seeke for Harbour or freeze to death in the Sea Whereupon I sent Master Vrine to aske the Masters opinion who brought unto me that he thought the Tydes setting from S. E. almost round about to E. would give good satisfaction for this N. W. search begun by a wrong report of the Tydes comming from thence to the Adventurers and that hee helde it fittest to returne Yea and the best also as I thought and homewards and for good cause as hereafter followeth First I referre it to the judgment of indifferent men whether having proceeded in these Discoveries further then any other my Predecessors in lesse time and at lesse charge have closed up all the expected hopes upon the W. side of Buttons Bay from 64½ circularly to 55 and on the Point from Swans Nest to Sharke Point not perfectly discovered but now by mee and carried a Tyde comming from South-East through Fretum Hudson all along that East side to 66 degrees 30 minutes or thereabouts things not knowne heretofore that I should hazzard the losse thereof to my Countrey If I should have perished in seeking an unknowen Harbour in long nights and cold weather with so many men sicke who could not have recovered in the wintering howsoever their helpes would have beene wanting in lying or Barracadoing the ship from ice for wheresoever I had wintered I must have hâ—led the ship high on shore and Barracadoe as also in making my provisions of fresh victuals and fuell The necessitie of this Sir Thomas Button is able to approve to his deare bought experiment Well if I had wintered it must have beene with intent to make search to the North of Sir Tho. Roes Welcome for in all the hopefull places else I was denyed and there and not far froÌ„ thence as about Vtultra it is for to give a wise GentlemaÌ„ his right who perusing Sir Tho. Buttons journall about that place quoteth in the Margent these words I doe not find it is proved a Bay this was suspected by him before I came to that knowledge thereof which I have now but to proceed how should I be able to doe this service when the winter would have consumed all the best of my comfortable stores as strong Beere strong waters sacke spice fruite Rice Wheat meale and of my Chirurgery and if no releife had beene otherwise got from land to have lengthened the most of the provision as Beefe Beere and Fish Yet had I had no more then would have brought home the Ship if my men had stood and if by their death or reliefe of birds or Deere I had store remaining yet I doubt the remayning stomacks would have beene too weake before the long winter there had left them to have endured salt meate in the Summer so as the more victuall the fewer hands for labour and there would be no sparing as I conceived by short allowance All these and many other sufferings endured is but all for the next yeares Search about which I have shewed I had no reason to stay to put so much to hazzard knowing what I had inquired from some both of Sir Thomas Button and Mr. Hudsons men of their sufferings and yet it was July before they could get well to sea to returne home And it doth appeare by Sir Thomas Buttons owne words that he would have proceeded the next
yeare if he had not been disabled For when after my home comming I told him hee could not be certaine of the Tyde he tooke at Notingham was true for that his boate was never on land his answere was God a mercy for nothing for I had not above 8 â—ound men so this doth appear as I did coÌ„ceive before my returne I coÌ„clude that these things in part knowne to me in part imagined that if I should not have made good use thereof having discovered so much as I had done if I would thus have suffered I had bin well served to have come home unpittied The benefit ensuing by my comming home this yeare INprimis my sicke men are God be glorified all recovered The account of my service by my selfe others brought home I hope to the satisfying of my King and Country and more then ever was formerly done by any of my predecessours by much and at farre lesse charge The ship and tackling all safe and without any losse of either which was not done without great hazzard going from the Latit of 55. in Hudsons Bay into the Articke circle towards the end of September There is also 6 Months pay and victuals saved at above 75 pounds per month amounting to the some of nere 450 pouÌ„ and if they doe not set forth the next yeare then there is 11 months pay and victuals saved there is one Sommers time gained for if this be distrusted or more required I meane in discovery who is so pleased may set forth the beginning of May and satisfie their desire this next yeare with ship newly repaired newly manned with fresh men untainted with skurvie crampe or cold paines but more and better able to performe the enterprize then the Winterer can be To conclude I referre it to the judgement of reasonable discretion whether it may be held fit that I should suffer either by want of liberty good reward or imputation as hath been wished untill the returne of Capt. James who had no intent as by his answer doth appeare who when I inquired of him why he being so late had not attempted the N W. as we both were instructed answered that Baffine satisfied in his â—ournall that the Tyde came from S E. and that himselfe had beene no more N. then 64. the latit of Mill I le and then having come over to the W. side of Sir Thomas Buttons Bay but in â—9 and discovered but from thence to 61 leag E S E. from Port Nelson where wee met having this yeare neither bin at N W. as before said nor made any discovery betwixt the Southside of Hubberâ—â— Hope to 64½ where the chiefest hope was as I had done nor ioyned Hudson and Sir Thomas Button it may bee thought he being a Gentleman of quality will not come untill he have done as much as I being a man of meaner Ranke in his conceite for I have heard since that his ambition hath abused my worth and name I told him my further intent which was to attempt the N W. this yeare all which to do he must stay the next yeare as my selfe would if he had left me in the like case nor can no unkindnesse be laid to my charge for not bringing of letters from him taking a fayre farwell of him for he had time enough in two dayes to have writ nor was I certaine as then of my returne which now I doe thanke God for If this will satisfie to stop the mouth of Rumor which hath already touched too much vpon my deserts I shall bee glad otherwise I wish they would suffer themselves to be judged by performing the like labour These rumours like ill Newes ridde poast for they came to Court insomuch as comming by Boate with a Gentleman from Oatlands to London where I had beene to deliver my Accompts to his Majesty it pleased the Gentleman to say that now is Captaine James in the Mare del Zur and will come home by Cape Bon Sperance I was so confident that he could doe no more for that yeare I did leave him and for the yeare to come that I replyed with three wishes or desires to my good or ill The first was that if Captaine Iames did passe through and come home that way that I might be severely punished according as I did acknowledge I did deserve The next was that if at his home-comming for which I prayed vnto Almighty God that it did appeare vpon examination equally ballanced that hee had done as much as I and no more I might have reasonable Reward for so I had deserved The third that if hee had not done so much that I might be rewarded with what I had saved to wit Eleven moneths victuall and pay at 75. pounds per Moneth and according to the wearing and tearing of Cordage and Tackling that I had saved which hee would spend Now since hee is returned home and hath neyther beene through nor performed so well as I by very much I desire to be rewarded as before and for that this was rehearst before his home-comming and when I did not know where hee was That there is a Passage hath beene proffered to be proued very Learnedly by Sr Humphrey Gilbert Knight foure severall wayes as followeth THe first by Authority alledging America to bee that Iland called by Plato and others Atlantes sayled vnto by the Carthagineans and that it is bound on the East by the Atlanticke sea from which it is named on the South by Magelan straights on the West by Mar del Zur on the North it is severed from Groenland by the Sea through which the Passage doth lye And to confirme the former Discovery he brings in Money found by the Spaniards in the Gold mines of America having the stampe of Augustus Caesar and since that time the discontinuance hath beene for that it hath beene swallowed vp and overflowen with water through a mighty Earthquake so as the Navigation thereunto was since that time lost vntill the yeare 1492. that Columbus did after discover the same although Malga Prince of Wales was before him pretending that since its appearance againe the Seas about it are made deeper and the Northwest made more easie to be sayled confirming the Conclusion by the Cosmographers of those moderne times especially Ortelius who maketh both Groenland and America both Ilands dis-joyned by a great Sea from any part of Asia The second is by Reason for sayling from Iseland to where this Freet should be its thought to bee more deeper water and that if America were not an Iland it and Asia should participate of each others animals or things of like shape or condition as Men Beasts and others of which there hath â—in found in eyther also hee alledgeth the Seas naturall and circular running from the East â—o West Following the diâ—rnall motion of Primum Mobile it carrying all inferiour and moveable bodyes so as the Current from the East comming about Cape Bona Spei cannot be digested
our honour before we obtaine it for it may credibly be affirmed that this Virgin is yet pure and untoucht either by Christian Indian or other nation although many great dowries have beene spent about her and some brave Knights have bid faire for her yet it is not to be doubted but that the English have imbracâ—â— her about the middle Onely these make for our purpose that the â—hinois extend their coast to the N. E into 50 d. and know no other but that they may continue it further The other is Paulus Venetâ—â— who sailed along the coast of Mangia from Cataia towards the N E. 1500 miles this doth argue that we have not straits or passage to saâ—le from so far W. as we have bin to the end of our Discovery into Mare del Zur Resting my weary invention upon the staffe of this opinion for a while to bee better satisfied concerning this Current which the most Authors insist so strongly vpon as makes me doubt if I were to follow thereby to find the end of this Dedâ—lâ—s his Laborinth I should very hardly have any hopes of returning againe the same way because they urge so vehemently upon this naturall motion of the Orbes so as in Magellans Strait men are violently driven backe inferring thereby that all things included shall by consequence follow the same so that I should fight against the streame to Returne the same way But while I am thus pondering out this doubt its prompt into my minde that if all things included must follow then should also the Earth walke in the same Revolution with his neighbour the Sea as also my selfe and yet keepe at the same distance so as I am never the nearer nor further for my purpose by those Circular motions But now my Iudgement wishes me to stay nearer home and let these wandering travels of the thoughts past for that my owne experience is better able to satisfie me then all those Elimentary cogitations and thus in few words as thou didst cary a flood tide along with thee through Fretum Hudson to Swans-Nest from the E. out of the Hyperborian so hast thou found another on the W. side thereof comming from the W. out of the Mare del zur which shall bring the home againe with the like expedition whreby thou wert carryed forth The Probability WEe have observed in the former Iurnals of Sir Martin Frâ—brisher Davis Waymouth Hall Knight and Mr. â—udson that the current doth set from the E. side of Groneland over to the S W and W and that nere the coast it sets W. in wherein we have floated all this time and thereby are brought to harbour in Resolution where it flowes 5 fathomes right up and downe and if the account brought unto me by my men may be beleeved that the flowing doth farre surmount this and that a E S E Moone maketh full Sea it doth also appeare bâ— Mr. Bylot that farther within the straits as at Salvage I le a S E. Moone brings high water and that it flowed â—quall water with Resolution as also at the Iles of Gods Mercy by Mr. Hâ—dson it â—lowed above 4 fath they being almost in the halfe way the distances being nere 85 leag the course W. N. W. 31 deg and differing in Latit nere about 1 d. from Salvages to Mill Ile is 59 leag W. by N. where it â—loweth nere 4 fath and a S S E. Moone and in all those three channels in which I have beene viz. betwixt Sir Dudly Digs his Ile and Notiâ—ghams Ile betwixt that and Mill I le as also betwixt Mill Ile and the Kings Promontory in all these 3 I say for I have had sure triall and so had no man before mee that the tide of the flood doth come from the S E. running halfe tide and with as swift a current as goeth in the River of Thames from Mill I le to the S. side of Sea Horse Poynt they being distant 25 leag I found the tyde to flow as nere as I could take it by the lead line 20 foote and a S. by E. Moone full Sea the tide of ebbe there holding his course doth but onely slacke for the time of floud about 4 howres which strong tide in the two N. most channels betwixt Nottingham and the Kings Promoâ—tory by all likelyhood doth contiâ—ue his pasiage betweene Cape Comfort on the West and my Lord Westons Portland on the East returning their waters into Frâ—tum Dâ—â—is by the Iles of Cumberland For the tyde that commeth on the South Channell between Cape Wâ—lstenholme and Salisbury I le are consumed in strength and flowing setting into Hudsons Bay betweene Swans nest Sir Robert Mansils Ile and Sir Dudley Digges the most part of the latter flood falling into Hudsons bay From Sea-horse Point on the West to Caries Swans-nest the distance is about 58 leagues there it doth flow but 6. foote in height and but 4. houres in time for Hudsons Bay hath devoured the latter flood so as heere wanteth both tyde and time to wit from neere 5. fathomes to 4. to neere 4. to 20. foot but now to 6. foot yet this flowing is continued according to the Moones course to wit from E S E. to S E. to S S E. to S by E. to S by W. Which is an evident and assured token that this Tyde was fed and continued from the Easterne Ocean comming in betwixt Cape Farwell in Groynlaâ—d and the North maâ—â—e of America but now ended heere into this great Bay and â—bly â—etuâ—ned baâ—ke againe at the recourse of the tyde For in Mr. Hudâ—â—â—â— Voyage the tyde of flood the ship setting on ground upon a Rocke was found to come from the E. the â—â—be from the W which was no other then the Tyde and thâ—t came in and set forth betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and Cape Digges It is now probable that this Tyde of the S. Channell comming from the East is not an end and that Tyde on the North is turned away as I have found by experience at Carie Swannes Nest Standing from hence 7â— leagues into the latitude of 64 10 m. which is to the North of that high land called Hopes Advanâ—'d I found a Tyde setting from the North as the land did their coast which Tyde did flood above 20 foote water in the dead neepe as it was at my being there and that it did runne halfe tide being full Sea about clocke 11. So as about a W. S. W. Moon maketh full Sea I was commanded by the letter of my instruction to make a perfect Discovery either by Ship or Boat of all that undiscovered betwixt this latitude and Port Nelson and also that betwixt Port Nelson and Hudsons West Bay in which discovery I now came to finde that I was out of my way for sayling from this land where I found this new Tyde which land I have named Sir Thâ— Rowes Welcome it being on the Northmost known part
to begin at the mouth of the River Thames towards which two Tydes resort And at the mouth thereof it floweth a S. and N. Moone at the S. Foreland S S. E. in the Channell of the I le of Wight S. E. or S. E. by S. at Plimmouth E. at the Gulfe where the Ocean doth first enter our Channell E. N. E this reckoning goeth against the Sunne and Moone yet this is the way to finde the Sea from whence the tide doth come Likewise along stthe North coast there commeth another tide to the saide River bringing the like flowing and almost answerable at the same distance for from off Harwich it floweth S. S. E. at Yarmouth S. E. at Laresnesse E. by N. at Whitby N. E. at Barwick N. N. E. at Backhaâ—â—nesse N. by E. in Orkney N. Now we know that both those Tydes the one from the North the other from the West came both out of the Westerne Ocean and that from the North by the lands trenting his channell his Current from the West Eastwards to S. E. as at I â—mmouth to S. S. E. as at St. Lawrence W. to S. E. as at Hambrough to S. as at Hull to S. W. as at Harwich and to W. into the said River of Thames So as here it is made manifest that both Tydes comming out of the Western Ocean E doth in the end goe or set just against themselves as they set at their first comming from the Ocean And therefore why wee you not thinke that the land to the West in this passage shall bend towards the South into Mare del Zur as it doth here trented within this Bay S. W. by S. from latitude 64. 1 â— to 59. but to draw these points to a head it is said these Tides met at the Keâ—tish â—nocke and turne their streames into Thames it not being able to retaine them both the other parts are turned along the coast of Flanders Holland Frisland and Zutland where those sides doe end by reason of the Baltickes Seas bottome it being farre unto beside the strait Channels betweene it and the sound It is made now heare to appeare that he that will seeke the Ocean as the Atlanticke to the West or the Hiperâ—orian to the North for the moâ—th of the River of Thames must follow the Tyde one thing is to be observed that it â—loweth more water upon this coast of England then it doth upon the other coasts mentioned the reason may be because England standeth nearer the West Sea Listen now againe how places farre remote from these our neighbour Channels doth correspond with them as in Grâ—enland it â—lowed E. and W. Moone and following the tide 1â—0 leagues to Resolution it flowed E. S. E. as before and so the â—idâ—â—etting in with the Sunne untill it flowed S. by W. at Swaâ—â—es Nest and there is lost in Hudsons Bay so that it holds the same quality in the processe of time with the former from the West and it is apparent that to seeke the Ocean from the bottome of Rivers deepe Bâ—yes or within lands as the Mâ—diterraniâ—n or the Bâ—lâ—icke we must find the flood tide and follow it downâ— the hill of time I meane proceeding against it we shall shorten the flood as this day we shall be where it floweth a S. Moone which we account to bee 12 of the clocke to morâ—ow we shall be where the same Tyde flowed but 9. So that I being but allowed what experience doth make due unto me both neare home and else where I make no doubt but to prove this passage It followeth now to parâ—allâ—ll this supposed passage with those formerly declared and certainely knowne beginning at Port Nelson where I had the exâ—ctest account of his flowing point and climing the flood for so he must conceive that sayleth against Tide found that it flowed there a South East Moone at the Checks where I was on land it flowed E. S. E. at Bâ—gges his Mathematickes East at Brooke Cobham E. be N. at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome E. N. E. Now it is prooved that the course time and change of this Tyde doth correspond with all other Ocean Tydes it running also halfe Tyde which is the floods running still the way of sâ—ood untill it be halfe â—bbe on shore the â—bbe running likewiâ—e his course in continuance untill the water bee halfe flowed upon the shore so as it cannot be said to want any joynt or member of an Oceans flood but may rightly bee tearmed a limme thereof It may be objected that although by all likely hood that is a passage yet it may prove to be a great distance to saile through and how shall a man doe to know when he is thorow that thereby he may direct his course Southward I answere it can be no great distance for that the water doth heighten in Spring-Tydes almost as much water at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome in the Spring Tydes as at C. Warwicke which standeth in the edge of the Hyperborion Ocean and therefore how can this Tyde come farre from his sea and bring constantly as much water as it floweth in any place that standeth neere the Oceans lips How can then the Mare del Zur be farre from hence for the distance betweene Cape Warwicke and Swans Nest is not above 200 leagues where this Tydes quite consumed so at the like distance from Sir Thomas Roes Welcome This new Tyde along that Bay holds the same untill in the bottome thereof it be consumed for I have heard from some that if North winds doth not inforce the Tydes that they doe not flow above two foot in Hudsonâ— E. and W. Bay Me thinketh there is three materiall proofes that maketh better for our purpose for to answere and free this doubt though all the rest of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Master Wills makes for the passage The first is that the Cosmographers of China doe extend their coasts to the N. E. even to the 50 d. of latitude and may doe further for any thing they know The second is Paulâ—â—Venetus that lived there and sayled from Cattaâ— 1500 leagues North-East and might have gone further for any land he see The 3. is Barnard la Tore the 4 may be the ships found by Francis Wasques at Sierra Nevado not being of America but were a moneth in comming thither from Asia all making that this passage cannot be long for that they of Asia extend the breadth of their country so farre to East Beside Francisco Gaule the Spanish Pylot reports of a high set of a Sea from the Northward in his passage from Japâ—n to Callyfornia which he sayth continued howsoever the windes blew this doth shew the Sea to be open to the N. for the like may be observed upon our N. coast about Whitby where the highest set of the Sea commeth from the N N W. although that poynt bloweth oblicke to the coast yet there is more Sea therwith then the N. E. wind bringeth that blowes
Store of Furres August A huge Beare kild Allowance augmented Fogge in a strange straight Whales Tide from S. W. flowed 6. or 7. Fathams May 7. June The people bring Skinnes for trade They found them to have both skill and strength They gave them knives but not for that purpose Ores of blacke and red Copper Meaning the E. Sea and Fretum Dâ—â—â— Yet much desirous oâ—â—râ—â—e A Salvage â—aken Iuly He findes many passages but attempts none Saile more E. come home then Now Davis is coming home In 56. great store of Cod-fish Great skull of Fish 500. Seale skins May 19. Salt A Leake Trade to be had Iune This was the West side of Groynland Iuly It is to be vnderstood that these Darâ—s were headed with Vnicornâ— Horne 6. points W. of his coâ—â—se All this time he â—anged South-ward S. W. by W. full Sea Lâ—mleys Inlet August Darcies Ilâ— Comes to Hâ—â—sons Bay the â—â— of May. Vide Daviâ— These were formerly found and named by Davis Now was hee in the entrance of the passage Chidlies Isles bearing W by S halfe South Iuly This was upon the Southside of Davis his entrance into Cumberlands Isles A mutinie This cannot bee This doth not appeare that he could punish and yet suffer them to carry the ship backe July No such matter Here was Davis A whirlewind August Variation A great mistake It can be no other but Cape Farwell Two Currents A good harbour Great store of Pilchards Great Cannowes Salvage barter 13 Oyle let forth 18 Salvage assault 19 Denmarke Haven Iuly July A strange current A great Current August May. June Northerly Current variation 11 deg July Busse I le again discovered Current see S S W. A caveat for Commanders in Fleets Variation A Current Strong Current Daâ—is doth write of the same not farre from this place Sylver Myne August Raine Deere A King in Groynland He comes homeward Cape Christianus the next knowne part of Groenland September October 4. Iuly Longitude wrought in Cockings Sound Latit 65 deg 20. min. Master Hall slaine Deere footing A Caveat August So much Bâ—ffin September September September A Caveaâ— Their Pigmies are beasts Vnicornes fishes Pigmies countrey The Authors Voyage A little man dead A great mistake The Russ were the first that named this land Nova Zembla so Stephen Bâ—rrowes 1556. But this caÌ„not be Pigmies-land for that must ioyne or be neare to Groenland April May. Variation 48d Latit 57 d. 57 m Variation 14 d. 30. Dead Cowes Latitude 58 d. 3 min. Variation 24 d. June Latitude 56 d. Variat 20 and 24 deg Latitude 56 d. 48 min. Varâ—at 25 d. Lost his Rudâ—er His Ship bulâ—ed The Master other nâ—â—â—â— hard â—â—â— Salvage treâ—â—â—ry Saluages described Iune July Currant South ward An inforced shift to hang a Rudder Iuly They â—oder April May. Iune Greenland Davis his error but not beleeved Iuly The I le of Gods Mercy â— August Cape Digges Cape Worstenholme May. June 1. A warning See Weymare Discontents Iles of Gods Mercy Partridges Spring tydes carried the Ice to the N West Tide and ebbe Cape Digges Cape Worstenholme Deeâ—e Fowle hanged He lost sight of East-land A large Sea to South Michaelmas Bay The West most of Hadsons Bayes Footing of a Man Sâ—â— on â— Rocke November Henry Greenes condition Green beats the Surgion Greene practise of mischeif Miserable food A Medecinable bud A Salvage They trade Fishing A bill of returne Cheese shifted Wilson and Greene their â—reachery Hang or starve Sweare The Master bound King liked one Breaking chests open The names of those exposed into the Shallop Lost the Shalfor ever Sâ—ruâ—k upon a Roâ—k Found a great horne which they tooke to bee Sea Vâ—â—corne Set on â— Rock Salvages Salvage fowling Iuly Mores teeth and divers things Henry Greene. Ealvages trecherous Salvage had a knife Salvage slaine Gods judgement upon the trecherous Greene slaine The end of 4. wicked men Three hundâ—ed Fowles killed Fowles Bones fryed for meate Beare Haven in Ireland Arive at Plimouth Store of fowle in Iseland Inets mutinies Ivet displac'd Hudsons good nature August Iâ—e Diggs Port Nelson 3. Fathoms A Fovvle 80 Salvages in 2. Canons 5. men slaine * Not above a mile broad Something propounded to the company â— Variation 24. Variation 26. d. ½ Variation 30. d. Variation 22. d. Variation 22. d. Good advise Well guest Hubart Variation at Cape Farewell 11. deg Variâ—tion 29. d. â— great mistake Variation 3. points Variatin 3. d Variation 2. d. different Great in the Variations Long from London Latitude 6. d. 30. m. Variation 23. degrees as hee judged Variation 29 The Variation of this Ile 34. Hopes Checkt 60. d. 40. m. July Not certayne whether flood or ebbe at this time Began here to protract and finde whether it bee a Bay or meâ— 64. deg 30. m. Vt ukra not proved a Bay No course so named Lat. 62. d. 57m August And seene from the 31. untâ—ll this day August A good Bay to anchor in A land of fogge He named this Mancels Iland Lat. 61. d. 38. m. Dead mens skulls and bones August Ruines of houses and Canooes in Mansells Ile Images and Mans teeth Flood came from N. Flood came from the N. La. 62. d. 19 m La. 62. d. 38. m La. 62. d. 42. m No mention of Ice Sir Thomas Button doth allovv 2. points variation Mansells Ile Ca. Pembrok 10 Leagues distant Capt. Gibbons Set of Tyde But was deceived Half an hower A strong tyde Not so Not so The true Channell tyde Strong Tyde or 200. fathom No mole station of Ice in all his returne Lumleys Inlet Cap Labradore No molestation by Ice in al these Voyages returne Gibbons his Voyage a caveat for others Aprill May. Ice on Capes Farewell 140. Fathomes above water Puts into Ice 30. Leagues of Land Variation allowed Whitsunday Vrriation 24 June A good harbour in Resolution Flows 4. Fathomes Variation 24. d. 6. m. Lumleys Iulet 8. miles wide in the narowest Salvage Iles. Dogges 14. Salvages in one Canon Whalessinnes Images Dogsfurnitur Lattude 62. d. 32. m. Longitude 72. d. Variation 27. d. 30 m. A good Harbor 62. d. 40. m. Lat. S. E. full Sea Danger neare shore La. 63. d 26. Lon. 72. d. 25. m. Variati 27. d 46. m. Observaton for Longitude Mr. Rudston July Mill Ile La. 64 Flood Tyde from S E Ice drive with swiftnesle Danger neere shore Clock 7. high water 120. Fathome high ground The half tyde betweene Baffaime Cap. Comfort in 65 Lat 65. 25. Long from London 86. 10. Sea Horse Points Flood came from S E Bylot was with Thomas Button Swan I le August He sought no passage then September Vaâ—ia 26. d. March Groenland 6. 5 d. Groanlands wonder Ice Hope Saunderson June Groanland women Womens Iland 72. d. 45. m. A Channell 74. d. 4. m. Harbour 73. 45. m. Ice consumed Hee see many Sea Vnicornes July Sir Dudley Diggs Cape Lat. 76. 35. Wolstenholmes Sound Whales Sound 78. Variation 56.
Ireland so farre North that he came to a Land vnknowne where he saw many strange things This must needes be some part of this Countrey of which the Spaniards affirme themselves to be the first founders since Dannos time wherevpon it is manifest that this Country was by Brittanies discovered long before Columbus Of Madoâ—s returne there be many fables but he did returne and declared of the fruitfull Countryes he had seene with out Inhabitants and on the contrary what barren and wild ground his Brethren and Nephewes did kill and murder one another for He prepared a Navie of ships got with him such Men and Women as were desirous to live in quiet and taking leave of his friends tooke his journey thither againe Therefore it is to be supposed that he and his people inhabited part of this Country for it appeareth by Francis Lopez de Gomara that in Acuzamill and other places the people honored the Crosse whereby it may be gathered that Christians had beene there before the comming of the Spaniards This Madoc arriving againe in that West Countrey vnto the which he came 1170. left most of his people there and returned backe for more of his owne Nation acquaintance and friends to inhabite that faire and large Countrey went thither againe with 10. saile as I find noted by Guyten Owen I am of opinion that the Land wherevnto he came was some part of the West Indies As concerning Sebastian Cabot I cannot find that he was any further Northward then the 58. Degree and so returned along the Land of America to the S. but for more certainty heare his owne Relation to Galâ—acius Buâ—rigarius the Popes Legate in Spaine Vnderstanding saith he by reason of the Spheare that if I should saile by the way of North-west I should by a shorter tract come to India I caused the King to be advertised of my device who immediately caused two Caravels to be furnished with all things needfull which was as neere as I can remember in the yeare 1496. In the beginning of Summer I begun to saile North-west not thinking to find any other Land then that of Cataia and from thence to come into India But after certaine dayes I found the Land run to the North which was to me a great displeasure neverthelesse sailing along the Coast to see if I could finde any Gulfe that turned I found the Land still to continue continent to the 56. Degree vnder the Pole and seeing that there the Coast turned toward the East dispairing to find the passage I turned backe againe and sailed downe by the Coast of that Land toward the Equinoctiall Thus much from himselfe But heare how Baptistie Ramusius his Country man how he flattereth him thus It 's many yeares since it was written vnto me by Sebastian Cabota our Countryman a Venetian a Man of great experience and very rare in the Art of Navigation and the knowledge of Cosmographie who sailed along and beyond this Coast of new France at the charges of Henry the 7. King of England and he advertised me that having sailed along time West by North beyond those Ilands into the Latit of 67. Deg. and ½ vnder the North Pole and on the 11. day of Iune finding still the open Sea without any impediment he thought verily by that way to have passed on still to Cataia which is in the East and would have done it if the Mutinie of the shipmasters and Marriners had not hindered and made him returne home from that place Out of Robert Fabians Chronicle THere is also mention made of Iohn Cabota Sebastians Father by his meanes in the 13. yeare of Henry the Seauenth at the same Kings charge one ship was victuailed from Bristow wherein divers Marchants of London adventured sma stockes to search for an Iland he said was very Rich and replenished with great Commodities In his company went from Bristow 3. or 4. small Barkes laden with coarse Cloth Caps Laces Points and other trifles they departed the beginning of May but were not heard of in that Maiors time Out of the same Chronicle VVIlliam Purchase being Maior three Saluages were taken in New found Land and brought to the King they were cloathed in Beasts skinnes and eate raw flesh and spake such speech that no man could vnderstand them and in their demeanor much like to bruite Beasts of which two yeares after I saw two apparrelled after the manner of Englishmen in Westminster Parish I could not discerne them from English vntill I had learned what they were An Extract taken out of the Mappe of Sebastian Cabota cut by Clement Adams IN the yeare of Grace 1497. John Cabot a Venetian and Sebastian his Sonne with an English Fleete set from Bristow discovered that Iland which before that time no man had attempted on the 24. day of June this Land he called Prima Vesta that is to say first seene that Iland lying out before the Land he called the I le of St. John Because he discovered it vpon that day of St. John Baptist The inhabitants of this I le vse to weare Beasts skinnes in their Warres they vse Bowes Arrowes Pikes Darts Wooden-clubs and slings The soile is Barren in some places and yeeldeth little fruit but is full of white Beares and Stagges farre greater then ours it yeildeth plenty of Fish and these very great as Seales and Sammons there are Soales of a yard in length but especially there is great plenty of that kind of Fish which the Salvages call Baccalaos there are also bred Hawkes and Eagles Another Testimony of the Voyage of Sebastian Caboc taken out of the third Decade of Peter Martyr of Angleria THe North seas have bin searched by one Sâ—bastiaâ— Cabot a Venetian borne he furnished 2. Ships at his owne charge and first with 300. men directed his course towards the N. Pole that even in the Moneth of July he found monstrous heapes of Ice swimming on the Sea and in a manner continuall day light Thus seeing these heapes of Ice before him he was enforced to turne his sailes and follow the W. coasting the shore he was thereby brought so farre into the South by reason of the land stretching Southward that it was there almost equall in latitude with Fretum Herculeum As he travelled by the coasts of this great Land which he named Bacculaos he saith hee found the like course of waters toward the West but the same running more soft and gently then the swift waters which the Spaniards found in their Navigation South-ward wherefore it is not onely moâ—e like to be true but ought also of necessity to be concluded that betweene both the Lands hitherto vnknowne there should be certaine great open places whereby the waters continually passe from the East to the West Which waters I suppose to be driven about the Globe of the Earth by the incessant Motion and impulsion of the Heavens and not to be swallowed and cast vp againe by the breathing of Demogorgon as some
have imagined because they see the Sea by increase and decrease to ebbe and flow Sebastian Cabota himselfe calls those Lands Bacculaos because that in those Seas thereabout he found so great multitude of certaine bigge Fish much like vnto Tanis which the Inhabitants call Bacculaos and that they sometime stayed his ship He found the people also of these Regions covered with Beasts skins he saith also he saw great plenty of Copper and this is all of Note out of this Author Francis Lopez de Gomara out of his Generall Historie of the West-Indies HE which brought most certaine newes of the Countrey of Bacculaos saith Gomara was Sebastian Cabot a Venetian which rigged 2. ships at the Cost of Henry the 7. King of England having great desire to Traffique for the Spices as the Portugales did he carried with him 300. men and tooke the way towards Iseland from beyond the Cape of Labrador vntill he found himselfe in 58. Deg. and better he made relation that in the Moneth of July it was so cold and the Ice so great that he durst not passe any further the dayes were very long in manner without night he returned and refreshed at Bacculaos and after sailed along the Coast Southward vnto 38. Degrees and from thence he shaped his Course to returne into England An abstract of the Courses Distances Latitudes Longitudes Variations Depths and other Observations as also the severall proceedings Discoveries Accidents and remarkable things of the Captaines Masters Pilots and others formerly imployed for the search of the Northwest Passage to the East India The History of Sir Martin Frobrisheâ—s voyage 1567. WAs 15. yeares in noting and bringing up the Adventure before hee did attempt the same which was brought to passe by the helpe of the right honourable Ambrose Dudley Earle of Warwick the Expedition was prosecuted in two small Barques of 25. tonnes the piece viz. The Gabriel and the Michael and one Pinnace of 10. Tonnes He departed from Blackwall Iune 15. went by the North the 15. of Iuly he had sight of a ragged land he tooke to be Freezeland durst not approach the same for Ice and Fogge and thereabouts he lost the sight of his small Pinnace by storme which he thought the Sea had devoured wherein were onely foure Men. The Michael misliking the matter slipt back for England with report that the Captaine was lost at Sea The worthy Captaine notwithstanding he had sprung his Mainmast in the storme proceeded on W. Northwards and the 20. he had sight of a high land he named Queene Elizabeths Forlarnd and sailing more Northerly along the Coast descried another Forland with a Gut Bay or passage Westward He met great store of Ice along the Coast was crost with winds that he could not thwart those streights in few dayes he discernes the Ice to be well consumed either ingulfed therein by Indrafts or else set so Southwards by Currents He enters the 21. sayles Westwards 50. leagues with land on both sides imagines the one the maine Continent of Asia the other on larboard the firme land of America he named the Straight Frobrishers straight After he had sailed 60. leagues up he went on land found signes where fire had beene made and Deere so mankinde as he was faine to defend himselfe against them The people resort to him in their Canoes of Leather had like to have stolne his Boate from him before he was aware they came on Shipboard brought him Salmon Flesh and Fish they appeared to be nimble of their joynts and strong they fall to trade for Fish Seale coates of Seale skinnes and Beares skinnes for bels looking-glasses and other toyes they intercept his boate with 5. men nere till this day heard of The Captaine by the ringing of a bell intices one of the Salvages to him as though he would give it him he lets the bell fall into the Sea as the Salvage should have tooke it he takes him by the hand and pulls him with his boate into the Ship Whereupon in despight the Salvage bit his tongue in twaine yet he lived till he came into England and then dyed of cold he had taken at Sea with this prize he returnes for England arriveth in Harwich the 2. of October He commandeth his Company at their landing in the foresaid Countrey to bring away something with them of the first they could lay their hand upon in token of possession in the right of Queene Elizabeth Whereupon some brought Stone some flowers some grasse one brought a peece of stone much like to Sea coale in colour but by weight seemed to be Mettall or Mynerall but as yet not esteemed of but from the place from whence it came Of this bright Stone he gives a piece as of something brought from that farre Country to one of his Adventurers wives who throwing the same into the fyre to burne and after it was quenched with vineger it glistered with a bright Marquesset of Gold whereupon the matter being called into some question it was tryed by certaine Goldsmithes in London who upon essay made gave out that it held Gold and that very richly for the quantity and the said Goldsmithes promised great matters if any quantity thereof could be had which hopes produced a second Voyage This Voyage they gave names to Sounds Ilands Bayes Capes Streights c as Elizabeth Forland Cape Labradore Gabriels Iland Priors Sound Thomas Williams Iland Bourchers Iland Frobrishers Streights And describes the Country people to be like the Tartars With long blacke hayre broad Faces flat Noses tawnie coloured wearing Garments of Seales skinnes He arrived in Harwich the 2. of October Navigation of Christopher Hall Master with Frobrisher the first Voyage SEcretary Woollye was sent from her Maiestie to give charge to the Company of the ship to obey their Captaine and be diligent in all things he observes at Gravesend and found the. Latitude 51. deg 23. min. Variation 11. deg â— â— Inne 24. he had sight of Faires Ile The 25. he had sight of the Swinborne in Shotland the S. most Cape beares N. N. W. Fairely at the same time W. S. W. sailing from these bearings with Swinborne he had depth 60. 50. 40. Fathams Fairely bearing W. N. W. 6. leagues offryn he had depth 59. and 46. fatham and went into Tromius Sound in Shotland to stop a leake 14. Leagues West South-wards from Faire I le he had variation W. 11. deg 9. min. Iuly 11. He had sight of Friesland sharpe pinacled High-Land Land and covered with snow bearing W. N. W. the Captaine attempted to get on Land but could not for great store of Ice And had no ground at 120. Fatham sailing from thence 20. leag S. W. observing the Sunne in the Meridian 52. deg Iudges the variation W. 2. points and a halfe The 28. was foggie but at the breaking vp thereof he had sight of Land supposed Labrado found great store of Ice about the Land
and enforced to set saile the wind at E. and came about to N. E. with fowle weather he stood away towards Sea Horse Point he was perswaded that there might be a passage betweene that Land and the Land they called Swan Iland so this afternoone hee saw both Sea Horse Point and I le Notingham the distance betwixt both is not above 15. or 16. Leagues they lye one from another S. E and N. W. 28. In the morning he saw Sea Horse Point and the Land to stretch away W. S. W. so far as he saw and with Ice wherefore he tackt about and stood away S. E. and by S. 29. This day 11. he came to anchor at Diggs his Iland having yery foule weather at this place where he rod it lyeth open to the W. having 2. of the greatest Iles to breake off the fore of the flood Tyde for after the water was risen an houre and a halfe by the shore then would the Ships ride truly on the tide of flood all the Tyde after now the time of high water on the change is at ½ past 10. or thereabouts This day was faire weather he wayed stood close by Diggs his Iland where presently he perswaded the Salvages to bee close upon the Rocks but when they saw he had espied them divers of them came running down to the water side calling to him to come to anchor which he would have done if hee could but in this place the water was so deep an it is hard to find a place to ride in which seeing he lay to and againe with the ship whilst some of his men with the Boat killed about 70. Fowles for in this place is the greatest store of those fowles which we call Willicks that in few places else is not to be seen for if need were he might have killed many thousand almost incredible to those that have not seene it here he had sufficient proofe of other tyde but when his Boate returned he set sayle homewards The Observation He set forth the 18. of April he saw the land of Groynland the 6. of May he made Resolution the 27. whereon the N. side he found a good Harbor where it flowes an E. S. E. moone and neere 4. fatho he found people at Salvage Isles he was much troubled but especially at Mill Isle he made Cape Comfort and found a tyde but knew not from whence it come The land to the N. treads about him to N. E. by E. the water the farther Northward was but more shallow dirty he returnes homewards the 10. of Iuly his greatest deep at 180. fathoms In his returne at Sea-horse Point he and al his people saw that plainly the tyde came from S. E. as also at Isle Nottingham he broke in a planck and timber of his ship amongst Ice he might have killed thousands of Fowle at Diggs his Island his greatest Variation was 27. d. 46. m. his greatest Lat. was 65. d. 25. m. he saw many Sea Mors at Cape Comfort his Longitude from London was 86. d. 10. m. This day he was forced to anchor 30. leagues within Resolution upon the N. shore the next day he weighed and the 5. day he passed by Resolution but see it not He had sight of Cape Cleere in Ireland He came into Plimouth all his men alive but 3. sick which presently recovered The next yeere being againe imployed in discovery amongst other Instruments he received this For your course you must make all possible hast to Cape Desolation from thence your William Baffyn as Pilot keep along the Coast of Greenland and Fretum Davis untill you come towards the height of 80. if the land will give you leave then for feare of imbaying by keeping off to Northerly a course shape your course W. and Southerly so far as you shall thinke it convenient untill you come to the Lat. of 60. then direct your course to fall with the land of Yed 30. about that height leaving your further sayling Southward to your owne discretion according to the time of the yeere and the winds will give you leave although your desire be if the Voyage be so prosperous that you may have the yeere before you that you goe so far Southerly as that you may touch the N. part of Iapon from whence as from Yedzo if you can see to passe it without danger wee would have you to bring home one of the men of the Country and so God blessing you with all expedition to make you returne home againe Master Baffyne his Letter to the right Worshipfull Sir Iohn Wolitenholme one of the chiefe Adventurers for the discovery of a passage to the North west VVOrthy Sir there needs no filling a Iournall or short Discourse with Preamble circumstance or complement and therefore I will onely tell I am proud of my remembrance when I expresse your worth to my capacity and galâ— of any good fortune when I can avoyde the imputation of ingratitude by acknowledgeing your many favours and seeing it is not unknowne to your Worship in what estate the businesse concerning the North West hath beene heretofore and how the onely hope was in searching Fretum Davis which if your selfe had not beene the more forward the Action had wel-nigh beene left of Now it remaineth for your Worship to know what hath beene performed this yeare wherefore I intreat you to admit of my custome and pardon me if I take the plaine high-way in relating the particulars without using any refined Phrases or eloquent speeches Therefore briefly thus and as it were in the Fore-front I entred to shew the whole proceeding of the Voyage in a word as namely there is no Passage nor hope of Passage in the North of Davis Straight Wee having coasted all or neere all the Circumference thereof and finde it to be no other then a great Bay as the Voyage doth truely show therefore I cannot but much admire the worke of the Almighty when I consider how vaine the best and chiefest hopes of men are in things uncertaine and to speake of no other matter than the hopefull passage to the North West How many of the best sort of men have set their whole endeavours to proove a passage that way not onely in their Conference but also in writing and publishing the Worke Yea what great summes of money having beene spent about the Action as your Worship hath costly experience of Nâ—ither would the Vaine-glorious Spaniard have scattered abroad so many false Mappes and Iournals if they had not beene confident of a passage this way that if it had pleased GOD a passage had beene found they might have eclipsed the worthy prayse of the Adventurers and true Discoverers And for mine owne part I would hardly have beleeved the contrary untill my eyes became witnesses of that I desired not to have found still taking occasion of hope on very likelihood till such time as wee had coasted almost all the Circumference of