Selected quad for the lemma: water_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
water_n	earth_n	sea_n	see_v	4,259	5	3.9841	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53044	The description of a new world, called the blazing-world written by the thrice noble, illustrious, and excellent princesse, the Duchess of Newcastle.	Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, 1624?-1674.; Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676.	1668 (1668)	Wing N850; ESTC R13228	80,921	168

in the middle Region and by reason of its leightness could not go directly to the bottom but was carried by the Air up and down Some would have it a flowing Water of the Air and others again a flowing Air moved by the blaz of the Stars But the Empress seeing they could not agree concerning the cause of Wind asked Whether they could tell how Snow was made To which they answered That according to their observation Snow was made by a commixture of VVater and some certain extract of the Element of Fire that is under the Moon a small portion of which extract being mixed with Water and beaten by Air or Wind made a white Froth called Snow which being after some while dissolved by the heat of the same spirit turned to VVater again This observation amazed the Emperess very much for she had hitherto believed That Snow was made by cold motions and not by such an agitation or beating of a fiery extract upon water Nor could she be perswaded to believe it until the Fish or Mear-men had delivered their observation upon the making of Ice which they said was not produced as some had hitherto conceived by the motion of the Air raking the Superficies of the Earth but by some strong saline vapour arising out of the Seas which condensed Water into Ice and the more quantity there was of that vapour the greater were the Mountains or Precipices of Ice but the reason that it did not so much freeze in the Torrid Zone or under the Ecliptick as near or under the Poles was that this vapour in those places being drawn up by the Sun-beams into the middle Region of the Air was onely condensed into Water and fell down in showres of Rain when as under the Poles the heat of the Sun being not so vehement the same vapour had no force or power to rise so high and therefore caused so much Ice by ascending and acting onely upon the surface of water This Relation confirmed partly the observation of the Bird-men concerning the cause of Snow but since they had made mention that that same extract which by its commixture with Water made Snow proceeded from the Element of Fire that is under the Moon The Emperess asked them of what nature that Elementary Fire was whether it was like ordinary Fire here upon Earth or such a Fire as is within the bowels of the Earth and as the famous Mountains Vesuvius and AEtna do burn withal or whether it was such a sort of fire as is found in flints c. They answered That the Elementary Fire which is underneath the Sun was not so solid as any of those mentioned fires because it had no solid fuel to feed on but yet it was much like the flame of ordinary fire onely somewhat more thin and fluid for Flame said they is nothing else but the airy part of a fired Body Lastly the Empress asked the Bird-men of the nature of Thunder and Lightning and whether it was not caused by roves of Ice falling upon each other To which they answered That it was not made that way but by an encounter of cold and heat so that an exhalation being kindled in the Clouds did dash forth Lightning and that there were so many rentings of Clouds as there were Sounds and Cracking noises But this opinion was contradicted by others who affirmed that Thunder was a sudden and monstrous Blaz stirred up in the Air and did not always require a Cloud but the Empress not knowing what they meant by Blaz for even they themselves were not able to explain the seuse of this word liked the former better and to avoid hereafter tedious disputes and have the truth of the Phaenomena's of Coelestial Bodies more exactly known commanded the Bear-men which were her Experimental Philosophers to observe them through such Instruments as are called Telescopes which they did according to her Majesties Command but these Telescopes caused more differences and divisions amongst them then ever they had before for some said they perceived that the Sun stood still and the Earth did move about it others were of opinion that they both did move and others said again that the Earth stood still and the Sun did move some counted more Stars then others some discovered new Stars never seen before some fell into a great dispute with others concerning the bigness of the Stars some said The Moon was another World like their Terrestrial Globe and the spots therein were Hills and Vallies but others would have the spots to be the Terrestrial parts and the smooth and glossie parts the Sea At last the Empress commanded them to go with their Telescopes to the very end of the Pole that was joined to the World she came from and try whether they could perceive any Stars in it which they did and being returned to her Majesty reported that they had seen three Blazing-Stars appear there one after another in a short time whereof two were bright and one dim but they could not agree neither in this observation for some said It was but one Star which appeared at three several times in several places and others would have them to be three several Stars for they thought it impossible that those three several appearances should have been but one Star because every Star did rise at a certain time and appear'd in a certain place and did disappear in the same place Next It is altogether improbable said they That one Star should fly from place to place especially at such a vast distance without a visible motion in so short a time and appear in such different places whereof two were quite opposite and the third side-ways Lastly If it had been hut one Star said they it would always have kept the same splendor which it did not for as above mentioned two were bright and one was dim After they had thus argued the Empress began to grow angry at their Telescopes that they could give no better Intelligence for said she now I do plainly perceive that your Glasses are false Informers and instead of discovering the Truth delude your Senses Wherefore I Command you to break them and let the Bird-men trust onely to their natural eyes and examine Coelestial Objects by the motions of their own Sense and Reason The Bear-men replied That it was not the fault of their Glasses which caused such differences in their Opinions but the sensitive motions in their Optick organs did not move alike nor were their rational judgments always regular To which the Empress answered That if their Glasses were true Informers they would rectifie their irregular Sense and Reason But said she Nature has made your Sense and Reason more regular then Art has your Glasses for they are meer deluders and will never lead you to the knowledg of Truth Wherefore I command you again to break them for you may observe the progressive motions of Coelestial Bodies with your natural eyes better then through Artificial Glasses The

their Optick observations through the several sorts of their Glasses would be a tedious work and tire even the most patient Reader wherefore I 'le pass them by onely this was very remakable and worthy to be taken notice of that notwithstanding their great skil industry and ingenuity in Experimental Philosophy they could yet by no means contrive such Glasses by the help of which they could spy out a Vacuum with all its dimensions nor Immaterial substances Non-beings and Mixt-beings or such as are between something and nothing which they were very much troubled at hoping that yet in time by long study and practice they might perhaps attain to it The Bird and Bear-men being dismissed the Empress called both the Syrens-or Fish-men and the Worm-men to deliver their Observations which they had made both within the Seas and the Earth First she enquired of the Fish-men whence the saltness of the Sea did proceed To which they answered That there was a volatile salt in those parts of the Earth which as a bosom contain the Waters of the Sea which Salt being imbibed by the Sea became fixt and this imbibing motion was that they call'd the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea for said they the rising and swelling of the Water is caused by those parts of the volatile Salt as are not so easily imbibed which striving to ascend above the Water bear it up with such a motion as Man or some other Animal Creature in a violent exercise uses to take breath This they affirmed to be the true eause both of the saltness and the ebbing and flowing-motion of the Sea and not the jogging of the Earth or the secret influence of the Moon as some others had made the World believe After this the Empress enquired Whether they had observed that all Animal Creatures within the Seas and other waters had blood They answered That some had blood more or less but some had none In Crea-fishes and Lobsters said they we perceive but little blood but in Crabs Oysters Cockles c. none at all Then the Empress asked them in what part of their Bodies that little blood did reside They answered in a small vein which in Lobsters went through the middle of their tails but in Crea-fishes was found in their backs as for other sorts of Fishes some said they had onely blood about their Gills and others in some other places of their Bodies but they had not as yet observed any whose veins did spread all over their Bodies The Empress wondring that there could be living Animals without Blood to be better satisfied desired the Worm-men to inform her whether they had observed Blood in all sorts of Worms They answered That as much as they could perceive some had Blood and some not a Moth said they had no Blood at all and a Lowse had but like a Lobster a little Vein along her back Also Nits Snails and Maggots as well as those that are generated out of Cheese and Fruits as those that are produced out of Flesh had no blood But replied the Empress If those mentioned creatures have no blood how is it possible they can live for it is commonly said That the life of an Animal consists in the blood which is the seat of the Animal spirits They answered That blood was not a necessary propriety to the life of an Animal and that that which was commonly called Animal spirits was nothing else but corporeal motions proper to the nature and figure of an Animal Then she asked both the Fish-and Worm-men whether all those Creatures that have blood had a circulation of blood in their veins and arteries But they answered That it was impossible to give her Majesty an exact account thereof by reason the circulation of blood was an interior motion which their senses neither of themselves nor by the help of any Optick Instrument could perceive but as soon as they had dissected an Animal Creature to find out the truth thereof the interior corporeal motions proper to that particular figure or creature were altered Then said the Empress If all Animal Creatures have not blood it is certain they all have neither Muscles tendons nerves c. But said she Have you ever observed Animal Creatures that are neither flesh nor Fish but of an intermediate degree between both Truly answered both the Fish and Worm-men We have observed several Animal Creatures that live both in Water and on the Earth indifferently and if any certainly those may be said to be of such a mixt nature that is partly Flesh and partly Fish But how is it possible replied the Empress that they should live both in Water and on the Earth since those Animals that live by the respiration of Air cannot live within Water and those that live in Water cannot live by the respiration of Air as Experience doth sufficiently witness They answered her Majesty That as there were different sorts of Creatures so they had also different ways of Respirations for Respiration said they is nothing else but a composition and division of parts and the motions of nature being infinitely various it is impossible that all Creatures should have the like motions wherefore it was not necessary that all Animal Creatures should be bound to live either by the Air or by Water onely but according as Nature had ordered it convenient to their Species The Empress seem'd very well satisfied with their answer and desired to be further informed Whether all Animal Creatures did continue their Species by a successive propagation of particulars and whether in every Species the off-springs did always resemble their Generator or Producer both in their interior and exterior Figures They answered her Majesty That some Species or sorts of Creatures were kept up by a successive propagation of an off-spring that was like the producer but some were not Of the first rank said they are all those Animals that are of different sexes besides several others but of the second rank are for the most part those we call Insects whose production proceds from such causes as have no conformity or likeness with their produced Effects as for example Maggots bred out of Cheese and several others generated out of Earth Water and the like But said the Empress there is some likeness between Maggots and Cheese for Cheese has no blood nor Maggots neither besides they have almost the same taste which Cheese has This proves nothing answered they for Maggots have a visible local progressive motion which Cheese hath not The Empress replied That when all the Cheese was turned into Maggots it might be said to have local progressive motion They answered That when the Cheese by its own figurative motions was changed into Maggots it was no more Cheese The Empress confessed that she observed Nature was infinitely various in her works and that though the species of Creatures did continue yet their particulars were subject to infinite changes But since you have informed me said she of the

various sorts and productions of Animal Creatures I desire you to tell me what you have observed of their sensitive perceptions Truly answered they Your Majesty puts a very hard question to us and we shall hardly be able to give a satisfactory answer to it for there are many different sorts of Creatures which as they have all different perceptions so they have also different organs which our senses are not able to discover onely in an Oyster-shell we have with admiration observed that the common sensorium of the Oyster lies just at the closing of the shells where the pressure and reaction may be perceived by the opening and shutting of the shells every tide After all this the Empress desired the Worm men to give her a true Relation how frost was made upon the Earth To which they answered That it was made much after the manner and description of the Fish and Bird-men concerning the Congelation of Water into Ice and Snow by a commixture of saline and acid particles which relation added a great light to the Ape-men who were the Chymists concerning their Chymical principles Salt Sulphur and Mercury But said the Empress if it be so it will require an infinite multitude of saline particles to produce such a great quantity of Ice Frost and Snow besides said she when Snow Ice and Frost turn again into their former principle I would fain know what becomes of those saline particles But neither the Worm-men nor the Fish and Bird-men could give her an answer to it Then the Empress enquired of them the reason Why Springs were not as salt as the Sea is also why some did ebb and flow To which it was answered That the ebbing and flowing of some Springs was caused by hollow Caverns within the Earth where the sea-Sea-water crowding thorow did thrust forward and drew backward the Spring-water according to its own way of ebbing and flowing but others said That it proceeded from a small proportion of saline and acid particles which the Spring-water imbibed from the Earth and although it was not so much as to be perceived by the sense of Taste yet was it enough to cause an ebbing and flowing-motion And as for the spring-Spring-water being fresh they gave according to their Observation this following reason There is said they a certain heat within the Bowels of the Earth proceeding from its swift circular motion upon its own axe which heat distills the rarest parts of the Earth into a fresh and insipid water which water being through the pores of the Earth conveighed into a place where it may break forth without resistance or obstruction causes Springs and Fountains and these distilled Waters within the Earth do nourish and refresh the grosser and drier parts thereof This Relation confirmed the Empress in the opinion concerning the motion of the Earth and the fixedness of the Sun as the Bird-men had informed her and then she asked the Worm-men whether Minerals and Vegetables were generated by the same heat that is within the Bowels of the Earth To which they could give her no positive answer onely this they affirmed That heat and cold were not the primary producing causes of either Vegetables or Minerals or other sorts of Creatures but onely effects and to prove this our assertion said they we have observed that by change of some sorts of Corporeal motions that which is now hot will become cold and what is now cold will grow hot but the hottest place of all we find to be the Center of the Earth Neither do we observe that the Torrid Zone does contain so much Gold and Silver as the Temperate nor is there great store of Iron and Lead wheresoever there is Gold for these Metals are most found in colder Climates towards either of the Poles This Observation the Empress commanded them to confer with her Chymists the Ape-men to let them know that Gold was not produced by a violent but a temperate degree of heat She asked further Whether Gold could not be made by Art They answered That they could not certainly tell her Majesty but if it was possible to be done they thought Tin Lead Brass Iron and Silver to be the fittest Metals for such an Artificial Transmutation Then she asked them Whether Art could produce Iron Tin Lead or Silver They answered Not in their opinion Then I perceive replyed the Empress that your judgments are very irregular since you believe that Gold which is so fixt a Metal that nothing has been found as yet which could occasion a dissolution of its interior figure may be made by Art and not Tin Lead Iron Copper or Silver which yet are so far weaker and meaner Metals then Gold is But the Worm-men excused themselves that they were ignorant in that Art and that such questions belonged more properly to the Ape-men which were Her Majesties Chymists Then the Empress asked them Whether by their Sensitive perceptions they could observe the interior corporeal figurative Motions both of Vegetables and Minerals They answer'd That their Senses could perceive them after they were produced but not before Nevertheless said they although the interior figurative motions of Natural Creatures are not subject to the exterior animal sensitive perceptions yet by their Rational perception they may judg of them and of their productions if they be regular Whereupon the Empress commanded the Bear-men to lend them some of their best Microscopes At which the Bear-men smilingly answered her Majesty that their Glasses would do them but little service in the bowels of the Earth because there was no light for said they our Glasses do onely represent exterior objects according to the various reflections and positions of light and wheresoever light is wanting the glasses wil do no good To which the Worm-men replied that although they could not say much of refractions reflections inflections and the like yet were they not blind even in the bowels of the Earth for they could see the several sorts of Minerals as also minute Animals that lived there which minute Animal Creatures were not blind neither but had some kind of sensitive perception that was as serviceable to them as sight taste smell touch hearing c. was to other Animal Creatures By which it is evident That Nature has been as bountiful to those Creatures that live under ground or in the bowels of the Earth as to those that live upon the surface of the Earth or in the Air or in Water But howsoever proceeded the Worm-men although there is light in the bowels of the Earth yet your Microscopes will do but little good there by reason those Creatures that live under ground have not such an optick sense as those that live on the surface of the Earth wherefore unless you had such Glasses as are proper for their perception your Microscopes will not be any ways advantagious to them The Empress seem'd well pleased with this answer of the Worm-men and asked them further Whether Minerals and all

and of the Characters she was pleased to give of him to the Emperor Amongst other Relations she told him all what had past between the Empress and the several Monarchs of that VVorld whither she went with the Empress and how she had subdued them to pay Tribute and Homage to the Monarch of that Nation or Kingdom to which she owed both her Birth and Education She also related to her Lord what Magnificent Stables and Riding-Houses the Emperor had built and what fine Horses were in the Blazing-world of several shapes and sizes and how exact their shapes were in each sort and of many various Colours and fine Marks as if they had been painted by Art with such Coats or Skins that they had a far greater gloss and smoothness than Sattin and were there but a passage out of the Blazing-world into this said she you should not onely have some of those Horses but such Materials as the Emperor has to build your Stables and Riding-Houses withall and so much Gold that I should never repine at your Noble and Generous Gifts The Duke smilingly answered her That he was sorry there was no Passage between those two VVorlds but said he I have always found an Obstruction to my Good Fortunes One time the Duchess chanced to discourse with some of her acquaintance of the Empress of the Blazing-world who asked her what Pastimes and Recreations her Majesty did most delight in The Duchess answered That she spent most of her time in the study of Natural Causes and Effects which was her chief delight and pastime and that she loved to discourse sometimes with the most Learned persons of that World And to please the Emperor and his Nobles who were all of the Royal Race she went often abroad to take the air but seldom in the day-time always at night if it might be called Night for said she the Nights there are as light as Days by reason of the numerous Blazing-Starrs which are very splendorous onely their Light is whiter than the Sun 's Light and as the Sun's Light is hot so their Light is cool not so cool as our twinkling Starr-light nor is their Sun-light so hot as ours but more temperate And that part of the Blazing-world where the Empress resides is always clear and never subject to any Storms Tempests Fogs or Mists but has onely refreshing-Dews that nourish the Earth The air of it is sweet and temperate and as I said before as much light in the Sun's absence as in its presence which makes that time we call Night more pleasant there than the Day And sometimes the Empress goes abroad by Water in Barges sometimes by Land in Chariots and sometimes on Horse-back her Royal Chariots are very Glorious the Body is one intire green Diamond the four small Pillars that bear up the Top-cover are four white Diamonds cut in the form thereof the top or roof of the Chariot is one intire blew Diamond and at the four corners are great springs of Rubies the Seat is made of Cloth of Gold stuffed with Ambergreece beaten small the Chariot is drawn by Twelve Unicorns whose Trappings are all Chains of Pearl and as for her Barges they are onely of Gold Her Guard of State for she needs none for security there being no Rebels or Enemies consists of Giants but they seldom wait on their Majesties abroad because their extraordinary height and bigness does hinder their prospect Her Entertainment when she is upon the Water is the Musick of the Fish and Bird-men and by Land are Horse and Foot-matches for the Empress takes much delight in making Race-matches with the Emperor and the Nobility some Races are between the Fox and Ape-men which sometimes the Satyrs strive to out-run and some are between the Spider-men and Lice-men Also there are several Flight-matches between the several sorts of Bird-men and the several sorts of Fly-men and Swimming-matches between the several sorts of Fish-men The Emperor Empress and their Nobles take also great delight to have Collations for in the Blazing-world there are most delicious Fruits of all sorts and some such as in this World were never seen nor tasted for there are most tempting sorts of Fruit After their Collations are ended they Dance and if they be upon the Water they dance upon the Water there lying so many Fish-men so close and thick together as they can dance very evenly and easily upon their backs and need not fear drowning Their Musick both Vocal and Instrumental is according to their several places Upon the Water it is of Water-Instruments as shells filled with Water and so moved by Art which is a very sweet and delightful harmony and those Dances which they dance upon the Water are for the most part such as we in this World call Swimming-Dances where they do not lift up their feet high In Lawns or upon Plains they have Wind-Instruments but much better than those in our World And when they dance in the Woods they have Horn-Instruments which although they are of a sort of Wind-Instruments yet they are of another Fashion than the former In their Houses they have such Instruments as are somewhat like our Viols Violins Theorboes Lutes Citherins Gittars Harpsichords and the like but yet so far beyond them that the difference cannot well be exprest and as their places of Dancing and their Musick is different so is their manner or way of Dancing In these and the like Recreations the Emperor Empress and the Nobility pass their time THE EPILOGUE TO THE READER BY this Poetical Description you may perceive that my ambition is not onely to be Empress but Authoress of a whole World and that the Worlds I have made both the Blazing-and the other Philosophical World mentioned in the first Part of this Description are framed and composed of the most pure that is the Rational parts of Matter which are the parts of my Mind which Creation was more easily and suddenly effected than the Conquests of the two famous Monarchs of the World Alexander and Cesar. Neither have I made such disturbances and caused so many dissolutions of particulars otherwise named deaths as they did for I have destroyed but some few men in a little Boat which dyed through the extremity of cold and that by the hand of Justice which was necessitated to punish their crime of stealing away a young and beauteous Lady And in the formation of those Worlds I take more delight and glory than ever Alexander or Cesar did in conquering this terrestrial world and though I have made my Blazing-world a Peaceable World allowing it but one Religion one Language and one Government yet could I make another World as full of Factions Divisions and VVarrs as this is of Peace and Tranquility and the Rational figures of my Mind might express as much courage to fight as Hector and Achilles had and be as wise as Nestor as Eloquent as Ulysses and as beautiful as Hellen. But I esteeming Peace before VVarr VVit before Policy Honesty before Beauty instead of the figures of Alexander Cesar Hector Achilles Nestor Ulysses Hellen c. chose rather the figure of Honest Margaret Newcastle which now I would not change for all this Terrestrial World and if any should like the World I have made and be willing to be my Subjects they may imagine themselves such and they are such I mean in their Minds Fancies or Imaginations but if they cannot endure to be Subjects they may create Worlds of their own and Govern themselves as they please But yet let them have a care not to prove unjust Usurpers and to rob me of mine for concerning the Philosophical-world I am Empress of it my self and as for the Blazing-world it having an Empress already who rules it with great Wisdom and Conduct which Empress is my dear Platonick Friend I shall never prove so unjust treacherous and unworthy to her as to disturb her Government much less to depose her from her Imperial Throne for the sake of any other but rather chuse to create another World for another Friend FINIS