see The aire by nature to be coÌ„tinually mouyng and the moste firie parie of the same for the lightenesse thereof moste highe to haue climbed So that sonne and Moone and the planetes all participatyng of the nature of that lighter substaunce moue so muche the faster in how muche thei are of the more subtile parte But that whiche was mixed with waterie moisture to haue rested in the place for the heauinesse therof and of the watery partes the sea to haue comen and the matier more compacte to haue passed into a clamminesse firste and so into earth This earth then brought by the heate of the sonne into a more fastenesse And after by the same power puffed and swollen in the vppermoste parte there gathered manye humours in sondry places which drawing to ripenesse enclosed them selues in slymes and in filmes as in the maresses of Egipt and other stondynge waters we often se happen And seynge the heate of thaier sokyngly warmeth the cold grouÌ„d and heate meint with moisture is apt to engendre it came to passe by the gentle moisture of the night aire and the comforting heate of the daie sonne that those humours so riped drawyng vp to the rinde of the arth as though their tyme of childbirthe ware come brake out of their filmes and deliuered vpon the earth all maner of liuyng thinges EmoÌ„g whiche those that had in theÌ„ moste heate became foules into the aire those that ware of nature more earthie became wormes and beastes of sondrie kindes and where water surmounted thei drewe to the elemente of their kinde and had to name fisshes But afterwarde the earth beyng more parched by the heate of the Sonne and the drouthe of the windes ceased to bring furthe any mo greate beastes and those that ware already brought furthe saie thei mainteined and encreased by mutualle engendrure the varietie and nombre And they are of opinion that in the same wise men ware engendred in the beginning And as nature putte them forth emong other beastes so liued they at the first an vnknowen lyfe wyldely emong them vpon the fruictes and the herbes of the fieldes But the beastes aftre a while waxing noysome vnto them they ware forced in commune for eche others sauftie to drawe into companies to resiste their anoyaunce one helping another and to sieke places to make their abiding in And where at the firste their speache was confuse by litle and litle they sayed it drewe to a distinctenesse and perfeighte difference in sorte that they ware able to gyue name to all thinges But for that they ware diuersely sparckled in diuers partes of the worlde they holde also that their speache was as diuers and different And herof to haue aftreward risen the diuersitie of lettres And as they firste assembled into bandes so euery bande to haue broughte forthe his nacion But these men at the firste voide of all helpe and experience of liuyng ware bittrely pinched with hongre and colde before thei could learne to reserue the superfluous plenty of the Somer to supply the lacke of Winters barreinesse whose bitter blastes and hoÌ„grie pinynges consumed many of them whiche thing wheÌ„ by experieÌ„ce dere bought thei had learned thei soughte bothe for Caues to defende them fro colde and began to hourde fruictes Then happe fouÌ„d out fire and reason gaue rule of profite and disprofite and necessitie toke in hand to sette witte to schoole Who gatheryng knowledge and perceiuyng hymself to haue a helpe of his sences more skilfull then he thought set hande a woorke and practised connyng to supplie all defaultes whiche toÌ„gue and lettres did enlarge and distribute abrode THEI that had this opinion of the originall of manne and ascribed not the same to the prouidence of God affirmed the Ethopiens to haue bene the firste of all menne For thei coniectured that the ground of that countrie liyng nierest the heates of the Sonne muste nedes first of all other waxe warme And the earth at that tyme beyng but clammie and softe through the attemperaunce of that moysture and heate man there first to haue bene fourmed and there to haue gladlier enhabited as natiue and naturall vnto him then in any other place wheÌ„ all places ware as yet straunge and vnknowen whiche aftre men soughte Beginnyng therfore at them after I haue shewed how the worlde is deuided into thre partes as also this treatise of myne and haue spoken a litle of Aphrique I wyll shewe the situacion of Aethiope and the maners of that people and so forthe of al other regions and peoples with suche diligence as we can ¶ The thirde Chapitre ¶ The deuision and limites of the Earthe THose that haue bene before our daies as Orosius writeth are of opinion that the circuite of the earth bordered about with the Occean Sea disroundyng hym self shooteth out thre corner wise and is also deuided into thre seuerall partes Afrike Asie and Europe Afrike is parted from Asie with the floude of Nilus whiche coinyng fro the Southe ronneth through Ethiope into Egipte where gently sheadyng hymself ouer his baneques he leaueth in the countrie a merueilous fertilitie and passeth into the middle earth sea with seuen armes From Europe it is seperate with the middle earth sea whiche beginnyng fro the Occean afore saie deat the Istande of Gades and the pilours of Hercules passeth not tenne miles ouer But further entryngin â—semeth to haue shooued of the maighe lande on bothe sides so to haue won aâ—â—ore largenesse Asie is deuided from Europe with Tanais the floude whiche comyng fro the North ronneth into the marshe of Meotis almoste mid waie and there sincking himself leaueth the marshe and Pontus Eurinus for the rest of the bounde And to retourne to Afrike again the same hauyng Nilus as I saied on the Easte and on all other partes bounded with the sea is shorter then Europe but broader towarde the Occean where it rileth into mounteigne And shoryng towarde the Weste by litle and litle waxeth more streighte and cometh at th ende to a narowe poincte Asmuche as is enhabited therof is a plentuous soile but the great parte of it lieth waste voide of enhabitauntes either to whote for menne to abide or full of noisome and venemous vermine and beastes or elles so whelmed in sande grauell that there is nothing but more barreinesse The sea that lieth on the Nor the parte is called Libicum that on the Southe Aethiopicum and the other on the West Atlanticum AT the first the whole was possest by fower sondrie peoples Of the whiche twaine as Herodotus writeth ware founde there tyme out of minde and the other twaine ware alienes and incommes The two of continuaunce ware the Poenj and Ethiopes whiche dwelte the one at the Northe of the lande the other at the South The Alienes the Phoenices the Grekes the old Ethiopians and the Aegipcianes if it be true that thei report of theÌ„selues At the beginnyng thei ware sterne and vnruly and bruteshely liued with
enuironed with walles ne pente vp with rampers and diches of deapthe but walking at free skope emōg the wanderyng beastes of the fielde and where the night came vpon theim there takyng their lodgyng without feare of murtherer or thief Mery at the fulle as without knowledge of the euilles that aftre ensued as the worlde waxed elder through diuers desires and contrarie endeuours of menne Who in processe for the insufficientie of the fruictes of the earthe whiche she tho gaue vntilled and for default of other thynges ganne falle at disquiete and debate emong themselues and to auoied the inuasion of beastes and menne of straunge borders whom by themselues thei could not repelle gathered into companies with commune aide to withstande suche encursions and violence of wrong And so ioynyng in confederacie planted themselues together in a plotte assigned their boundes framed vp cotages one by anothers chieque diked in thē selues chase officers and gouernours and deuised lawes that thei also emong theimselues might liue in quiete So beginnyng a rough paterne of tounes and of Cities that aftre ware laboured to more curious finesse AND now ware thei not contented with the commodities of the fieldes and cattle alone but by diuers inuencions of handecraftes and sciēces and by sondrie labours of this life thei sought how to winne Now gan thei tattempte the sease with many deuices to transplante their progenie and ofspring into places vnenhabited and to enioye the commodities of eche others countrie by mutuall trafficque Now came the Oxe to the yoke the Horse to the draught the Metalle to the stāpe the Apparel to handsomnes the Speache to more finesse the Behauour of menne to a more calmenesse the Fare more deintie the Buildyng more gorgeous then habitours ouer all became milder and wittier shaking of euen of their owne accorde the bruteshe outrages and stearne dealinges that shamefully mought be spoken of Nowe refrained thei from sleayng one of another frō eatyng of ech others flesh from rape and open defiling of mother sister and daughter indifferētly and fro many like abhominacions to nature and honestie Thei now marieng reason with strength and pollicie with might where the earthe was before forgrowen with bushes and wooddes stuffed with many noisome beastes drouned with meares and with marshe vnfitte to be enhabited waast and vnhandsome in euery condicion by wittie diligence and labour ridde it from encombraunce planed the roughes digged vp trees by the rootes dried awaie the superfluous waters brought all into leauelle banished barreinesse and vncouered the face of the earth that it might fully be sene conuerted the champeine to tillage the plaines to pasture the valley to meadow the hilles thei shadowed with wooddes and with Vines Then thruste thei in cultre and share and with wide woundes of the earthe wan wine and corne plenteously of the grounde that afore scarcely gaue them Akornes and Crabbes Then enhabited thei more thicke and spred them selues ouer all and buylte euery where Of Tounes thei made cities and of villages Tounes Castles vpon the rockes and in the valleis made thei the temples of the goddes The goldē graueled springes thei encurbed with Marble with trees right pleasauntlie shadowed them aboute From them thei deriued into cities and Tounes the pure freshe waters a greate distaunce of by conduicte of pipes and troughes and suche other conueyaunce Where nature had hidden the waters out of sighte thei sancke welles of greate deapth to supplie their lackes Riuers and maigne floudes whiche afore with vnbrideled violence oftymes ouerflowed the neighboured aboute to the destruction of their cattle their houses and themselues thei restrained with bancques and kept them in a course And to the ende thei might not onely be vadable but passed also with drie toote thei deuised meanes with piles of Timbre and arches of stone maulgre the rage of their violent streames to grounde bridges vpon them Yea the rockes of the sea whiche for the daungier of the accesse thoughte themselues exempte from the dinte of their hande when thei perceiued by experience thei ware noyous to sailers with vnspeakeable labour did thei ouerthrowe breake into gobettes Hewed out hauēs on euery strond enlarged crieques opened rodes and digged out her borowes where their shippes mighte ride saulfe fro the storme Finally thei so laboured beautified and perfeighted the earthe that at this daie compared with the former naturalle forgrowen wastenesse it might well sieme not to be that but rather the Paradise of pleasure out of the whiche the first paternes of mankinde Adam and Eue for the trangression of Goddes precept ware driuen MEN also inuented and founde many wittie sciences and artes many wondrefull workes whiche when by practise of lettres thei had committed to bookes and laied vp for posteritie their successours so woundered at their wisedomes and so reuerenced their loue and endeuours whiche thei spied to be meant toward them and the wealth of those that shuld folow of thē that thei thought thē not blessed enough with the estate of men mortalle but so aduaunced their fame and wondered at their worthinesse that thei wan theim the honour and name of Goddes immortall THO gan the Prince of the worlde when men so gan to delight in thadournyng of the worlde to sowe vpō the good siede the pestilente Dernell that as thei multiplied in nombre so iniquitie might encrease to disturbe and confounde this blessed state FIRST therefore when he had with all kinde of wickednes belimed the world he put into their heades a curious searche of the highest knowledge and suche as dependeth vpon destenie of thynges And so practised his pageauntes by obscure and doubtfully attempred Respōcions and voices of spirites that after he had fettred the worlde in the trauers of his toies and launced into their hartes a blinde supersticion and feare he trained it whole to a wicked worship of many goddes and Goddesses that when he ones had wiped cleane out of mynde the knowlege and honour of one God euerlastyng he might practise vpon manne some notable mischief Then sette he vp pilgrimages to deuilles foreshewers of thynges that gaue aduertisemente and answere to demaundes in sondrie wise In the Isle of Delphos one in Euboea another at Nasamone a thirde and emong the Dodonians the famous okes whose bowes by the blastes of the winde resounded to the eare a maner of aduertifemente of deuellishe delusion To the whiche Idolles and Images of deuelles he stirred vp men to do the honour Helas due onely to God As to Saturne in Italie to Iupiter in Landie to Iuno in Samos to Bacchus in India at Thebes to Iris and Ostris in Egipte in old Troie to Vesta aboute Tritona in Aphrique to Pailas in Germanie and Fraunce to Mercurie vnder the name of Theuthe to Minerua at Athenes and Nimetto to Apollo in Delphos Rhodes Chio Patara Troade and Tymbra To Diane in Delos and in Srythia to Venus in Paphos Ciprus Enydon and Cithera To Mars in Thracia
them expediente for their owne behoue ¶ The. vii Chapiter ¶ Of Persia and the maners and ordinaunces of the Persians PErsia a countrie of the easte was so called of Perstus the Sonne of Iupiter and Danae Of whome the chiefe citie of the kingedome also was named Persepolis whiche in Englishe soūdeth Persehoroughe or as we corruptly terme it Perseburie and the whole naciō Persiens This countrie as Ptolomie writeth in his fiueth booke hath on the northe Media on the West Susiana on the easte the two Carmaniaes and on the southe an inshot of the Sea called the Bosome of Parthia The famous cities therof ware Axiama Persepolis and Diospolis By the name of Iupiter thei vnderstode the whole heauen Thei chiefely honour the Sonne whom thei calle Mitra Thei worship also the Mone the planet Venus the fyre the earthe the water and the windes Thei neither haue anltare nor temple nor ymage but celebrate their deuine seruice vndre the open heauen vpon some highe place for that purpose appoincted In doinge sacrifice thei haue no farther respecte but to take awaye the life from the beaste As hauing opinion that forasmuche as the goddes be spirites thei delighte in nothinge but the spiritual parte the soule Before they slea it thei set it aparte by them with a corone vpon the heade and heape vppon it many bittre banninges and curses Some of the nacion notwithstandinge when thei haue slaine the beaste vse to laye parte of the offalle in the fire When thei sacrifie vnto the fire they timbre vp drie stickes together cleane withoute pille or barcke And after what time thei haue powred on neates tallowe and oyle thei kindle it Not blowing with blaste of blowesse or mouthe but makinge winde as it ware with a ventile or trenchour or suche like thinge For yf any manne either blowe into it or caste in any deade thing or any durte or puddle it is deathe to the doer The Persians beare suche reuerence to their floudes that thei neither wasshe pysse nor throwe deade carcasse into them No not so muche as spitte into thē But very reuerentlye honour their water after this maner Comminge to lake mere floude ponde or springe thei trenche out a litle diche and ther cut thei the throte of the sacryfice Being well ware that no droppe of blode sprinckle into the water by As thoughe all water ware polluted and vnhalowed ouer all yf that should happen That done their Magi that is to say men skylfull in the secretes of nature layeng the flesh vppon a heape of Myrtus or Laurelle and tymbryng smalle wandes about sette fyre theron brenne yt And pronouncyng certein curses they myngle oyle mylke and hony together and sprinkle into the fyre But these cursinges make they not against the fyre ne water But against the earthe a greate whyle toguether holding in their hande a boūdle of smalle myrte wandes Their kinges reigne by successiō of one kindred or stocke To whom who so obeyeth not hath his heade armes striken of and so wythout buriall is throwē out for karreine Policritus sheweth that euery king of the Persians buyldeth his howse vpō a greate hille and ther hourdeth vp all the threasure tribute taxe that he receyueth of the people to be a recorde after his deathe how good a husbonde he hath bene for the cōmune wealthe Suche of the subiectes as dwelle vpon the sea coast are taxed to paie money But those that enhabite toward the mydde londe suche cōmodities as the quartre beateth or hath wher they dwelle As apothecary druggues woolle coulours suche like and cateille accordingly He is not permitted any one cause to putte any man to death Neither is it lawfull for any other of the Persians to execute any thyng against any of his house or stock that maie sieme in any wyse cruelle Euery one of them marie many wiues holde many cōcubines also beside for the encrease of issue The king Proclaimeth rewarde vnto him that within one yere begetteth most children Fiue yere aftre thei are begotten thei come not in the fathers sight by a certein ordenaunce vsed emong theim but are broughte vp continually emong the women To the ende that if the childe fortune to dye in the time of his infancie their fathers grief maie be the lesse Thei vse not to marie but in one tyme of the yere toward midde Marche The bridegrome eateth to his supper an apple of that countrey or a litle of the maribone of a Chamel and so without any farther banquettyng goeth to bedde From fiue yeres olde to twentie and fowre thei learne to ride to throwe the Dart◠to shoote and chiefly to haue atongue voide of all vntruthe For their nourituryng and trainyng in good maners thei haue appoincted theim Masters of greate sobrenes and vertue that teache them dieties and pretie songes conteinyng either the praises of their Goddes or of some worthy Princes Whiche sometime thei sing and sometyme recite without note that so thei mighte learne to confourme their liues vnto theirs whose praises thei sieme them selues to allowe To this lesson assemble thei alwaie together at the calle of a Trompette And as thei growe into yeres an accompt is required of thē how well thei haue borne awaie the lessons of their childhode Thei vse to ronne the race to course bothe on horsebacke and on foote at the leadyng of some noble mannes sonne chosen for the nones The field for the race is at least thre mile and thre quarters longe And to the ende that heate or colde should the lesse trouble them thei vse to wade ouer brookes and swimme ouer riuers so to rowme and to hunte the fieldes and to eate drinke in their armour and wette clothes The fruyes that thei eate are akecornes wild Peares and the fruicte of the Terebinthine tree But their daiely foode aftre their ronnyng and other exercises of the bodie is hard Bisquette or a like crustie bread Hortechocques Gromelle sede a litle roste flesshe or sodden whether thei lust and faire water their drincke Their maner of Huntyng is with the bowe or the Darte on horsebacke Thei are good also in the slynge In the forenoone thei plante and graffe digge vp settes stubbe vp rootes make their owne armour or fisshe and foule with the Angle or nette Their children are decked with garnishynges of golde And their chief iuelle is the precious stone Piropus whiche thei haue in suche price that it maie come vppon no deade corps And that honour giue thei also to the fire for the reuerence thei beare there vnto From twentie till fiuetie thei folowe the warres As for byeng and sellyng or any kinde of Lawe prattle thei vse not Thei cary in their warres a kinde of shieldes facioned like a losenge a quiure with shaftes a curtilace On their heades a copintancke enibatled aboute like a turrette and a brest-plate emboussed of skaled woorke The princes and menne of honour did weare a treble
¶ The Fardle of facions conteining the aunciente maners customes and Lawes of the peoples enhabiting the two partes of the earth called Affrike and Asie Printed at London by Ihon Kingstone and Henry Sutton 1556 ¶ To the righte honourable the Erie of Arundel Knight of the ordre and Lorde Stewarde of the Quienes maiesties moste honourable householde AFtre what time the barrein traueiles of longe seruice had driueÌ„ me to thinke libertie the best rewarde of my simple life right honorable Erle and that I had determined to leaue wrastlyng with fortune and to giue my self wholie to liue vpon my studie and the labours of my hand I thought it moste sitting with the duetie that I owe to God and manne to bestowe my time if I could as well to the profite of other as of my self Not coueting to make of my floudde another maÌ„nes ebbe the Cancre of all commune wealthes but rather to sette other a flote where I my self strake on grouÌ„d Tourning me therefore to the searche of wisedome and vertue for whose sake either we tosse or oughte to tosse so many papers and tongues although I founde aboute my self verie litle of that Threasure yet remembred I that a fewe yeres paste at the instaunce of a good Citezein who might at those daies by aucthoritie commaunde me I had begonne to translate a litle booke named in the Latine Omnium gentium mores gathered longe sence by one Iohannes Boemus a manne as it appereth of good iudgemente and diligence But so corrupted in the Printing that aftre I had wrasteled a space with sondrie Printes I rather determined to lose my labour of the quartre translacion then to be shamed with the haulf And throwing it a side entended no further to wearie my self therwithall at the leaste vntill I mighte finde a booke of a bettre impressioÌ„ In searching wherof at this my retourne to my studie although I found not at the full that that I sought for yet vndrestanding emong the booke sellers as one talke bringes in another that men of good learning and eloqueÌ„ce bothe in the Frenche and Italien tonge had not thought skorne to bestowe their time aboute the translacion therof and that the Emperours Maiestie that now is vouchedsaulfe to receiue the presentation therof at the Frenche translatours hande as well appereth in his booke it kindled me againe vpon regard of mine owne profite and other menues moe to bring that to some good pointe that earst I had begonne For thought I seing the booke hath in it muche pleasant barieâ—â—e of thinges and yet more profite in the pitthe if it faile to bee otherwise rewarded it shall it thanckefully of the good be regarded Wherefore setting vpon it a fresshe where the booke is deuided acording to thaunciente deuision of the earth into thre partes Affrique Asie and Europe hauing brought to an ende the two firste partes I found no persone in mine opinioÌ„ so fitâ—e as your honour to present theim vnto For seing the whole processe ronneth vpon gouernaunce and Lawes for thadministracion of commune wealthes in peace and in warre of aunciente times to fore our greate graundfathers daies to whom mighte I bettre presente it then to a Lorde of verie nobilitie and wisedome that hath bene highe Mare-shalle in the fielde abrode deputie of the locke and keie of this realme and a counsailour at home of thre worthie princes Exercised so many waies in the waues of a sickle Commune wealthe troubled sometime but neuer disapoincted of honourable successe To your good Lordeshippe then I yelde committe the firste fruictes of my libertie the firste croppe of my labours this firste daie of the Newe yere beseching the same in as good parte to receiue it as I humblie offre it and at your pleasure to vnfolde the Fardle and considre the stuffe Whiche euer the farder in shall fieme I truste the more pleasaunte and fruictefulle And to conclude if I shall ondresraÌ„de that your honour delighteth in this it shal be a cause sufficiente to make me go in hande with Europe that yet remaineth vntouched Almightie God giue vnto your Lordeshippe prosperous fortune in sounde honour and healthe Your Lordshippes moste humblie at commaundemente William Watreman The Preface of the Authour I HAVE sought out at times as laisure hath serued me Good reader the maners and facioÌ„s the Lawes Customes and Rites of all suche peoples as semed notable and worthy to be put in remembraÌ„ce together with the situarioÌ„ descripcioÌ„ of their habitatioÌ„s which the father of Stories Herodotus the Greke Diodorus the Siciliane Berosus Strabo Solinus Trogus Pompeius Ptolomeus Plinius Cornelius the still Dionysius the Afriane PoÌ„ponius Mela Caesar Iosephus and certein of the later writers as Vincentius and Aeneas Siluius whiche aftreward made Pope had to name Pius the seconde Anthonie Sabellicus Ihon Nauclerus Ambrose Calepine Nicholas Perotte in his cornu copiae and many other famous writers eche one for their parte as it ware skatered by piece meale seâ— furthe to posteritie Those I saie haue I sought out gathered together and acordyng to the ordre of the storie and tyme digested into this litle packe Not for the hongre of gaine or the ticklyng desire of the peoples vaine brute and vnskilfulle commendacion but partly moued with the oportunitie of my laisure the wondrefull profite and pleasure that I conceiued in this kinde of studie my self and partly that other also delightyng in stories might with litle labour finde easely when thei would the somme of thynges compiled in one Booke that thei ware wonte with tediousnes to sieke in many And I haue shocked theim vp together aswell those of auncience tyme as of later yeres the lewde aswell as the vertuous indifferentlie that vsyng theÌ„ as present examples and paternes of life thou maiest with all thine endeuour folowe the vertuous and godlie with asmuche warenes eschewe the vicious vngodly Yea that thou maiest further my reader learne to discerne how men haue in these daies amended the rude simplicitie of the first worlde froÌ„ Adam to the floud and many yeres after when men liued skateryng on the earthe without knowlege of Money or what coignement or Merchauntes trade no maner of exchauÌ„ge but one good tourne for another When no man claimed aught for his seueralle but lande and water ware as coÌ„mune to al as Ayer and Skie WheÌ„ thei gaped not for honour ne hunted after richesse but eche man contented with a litle passed his daies in the wilde fielde vnder the open heauen the couerte of some shadowie Tree or slendre houelle with suche companion or companioÌ„s as siemed them good their diere babes and children aboute them Sounde without carcke and in restfull quietnesse eatyng the fruictes of the fielde and the milke of the cattle and drinking the waters of the christalline springes First clad with the softe barcke of trees or the faire broade leaues in processe with rawe felle and hide full vnworkemanly patched together Not then
other mennes olde store but opened thee also the treasury of myne owne witte and bokes not euery where to be found and like a liberall feaster haue set before thee much of myne owne and many thynges newe Farewell and thankefully take that that with labour is brought thee ¶ The first Chapiter ¶ The true opinion of the deuine concernyng the beginnyng of man WHen God had in V. daies made perfecte the heauens and the earth and the furniture of bothe whiche the latines for the goodlinesse and beautie therof call Mundus and we I knowe not for what reason haue named the worlde the sixth daie to the entent there mighte be one to enioye and be Lorde ouer all he made the moste notable creature Man One that of all earthly creatures alone is endowed with a mynde and spirit from aboue And he gaue him to name Adam accordyng to the colour of the molde he was made of Then drowyng out of his side the woman whilest he slept to th ende he should not be alone knitte her vnto hym as an vnseparable compaignion and therwith placed them in the moste pleasaunt plot of the earth fostered to flourishe with the moisture of floudes on euery parte The place for the fresshe grienesse and merie shewe the Greques name Paradisos There lyued they a whyle a moste blessed life without bleamishe of wo the earth of the own accorde bringing forth all thing But when they ones had transgressed the precepte they ware banysshed that enhabitaunce of pleasure and driuen to shift the world And fro thenceforth the graciousnes of the earth was also abated the francke fertilitie therof so withdrawen that labour and swette now wan lesse a greate deale then ydle lokyng on before tyme had done Shortly crepte in sickenes and diseases and the broyling heate and the nipping cold began to assaile their bodyes Their first sonne was Layin and the seconde Abell and then many other And as the world grewe into yeares and the earth began to waxe thicke peopled loke as the nombre did encreace so vices grew on and their lyuing decaied euer into woors For giltelesse dealyng wrong came in place for deuoutenesse coÌ„tempte of the Goddes and so farre outraged their wickednes that God skarcely fynding one iuste Noha on the earth whom he saued with his housholde to repayre the losse of mankind and replenysshe the worlde sente a floude vniuersall whiche couering all vnder water killed all fleshe that bare lyfe vppon earth excepte a fewe beastes birdes and wormes that ware preserued in the misticall arke In the ende of fiue Monethes aftre the floude began the Arque touched on the mouÌ„teines of Armenia And within foure Monethes aftre Noas and all his beyng restored to the earth with Goddes furtheraunce in shorte space repeopled the worlde And to th ende the same myghte euery wheare again be enhabited he dispersed his yssue and kyndredes into sondrie coastes After Berosus opynion he sent Cham otherwyse named Cameses and Chamesenuus with his ofspring into Egipte Into Lybia and Cirene Triton And into the whole residewe of Affrike the ancient Iapetus called Attalus Priscus Ganges he sent into Easte Asia with certeine of the sonnes of Comerus Gallus And into Arabia the fertile one Sabus sirnamed Thurifer Ouer Arabia the Waaste he made Arabus gouernour and Petreius ouer Petrea He gaue vnto Canaan all that lyeth fro Damasco to the outemost bordre of Palestine In Europe he made Tuisco king of Sarmatâ—a from the fâ—oude of Tanais vnto the Rhene And there were ioyned vnto him all the sonnes of Istrus and Mesa with their brethren fro the mounteyne of Adula to Mesemberia pontica Archadius and Emathius gouerned the Tirianes Comerus Gallus had Italie and Fraunce Samothes Briteigne and Normandie and Iubal Spayne That spiedie and vnripe puttyng forthe of the children from their progenitours before they had throughly learned and enured them selues with their facions and maners was the cause of all the diuersitie that after ensued For Cham by the reason of his naughty demeanour towarde his father beyng constrayned to departe with his wyfe and hys chyldren planted him selfe in that parte of Arabia that after was called by his name And lefte no trade of religion to his posteritie because he none had learned of his father Wher of it came to passe that when in processe of tyme they ware encreased to to many for that londe beyng sent out as it ware swarme aftre swarme into other habitations and skatered at length into sondry partes of the worlde for this banyished progeny grewe aboue measure some fel into errours wherout thei could neuer vnsnarle themselues The tongue gan to altre the knowledge of the true God and all godlie worshippe vanished out of mind Inso muche that some liued so wildely as aftre thou shalt here that it ware harde to discerne a difference betwixte them and the beastes of the felde Thei that flieted into Egipt wonderyng at the beautie and course of the Sonne the Moone as though there had been in them a power deuine began to worship them as Goddes callyng the lesse Isis and the bigger Osiris To Iupiter also thei Sacrificed did honour as to the principall of life To Vulcan for fire to Pallas as Lady of the skie to Ceres as gouerneresse of the arth and to sondry other for other sondry considerations Neyther staied that darkenesse of iniquitie in Egipte alone but where so euer the progeny of Cham stepte in from the begynnyng there fell true godlines all oute of minde and aboÌ„dage to the deuell entred his place And there neuer was countrie mother of moe swarmes of people then that part of Arabia that he and his chase to be theirs So greate a mischief did the vntymely banishemente of one manne bring to the whole CoÌ„trarily the progenie of Iapheth and Sem brought vp to full yeres vndre their elders and rightly enstructed contentyng theÌ„ selues with a litle circuite straied not so wide as this brother had doen. Whereby it chaunced that the zeale of the truthe I meane of good liuyng and true worshippe of one onely God remained as hidden in one onely people vntill the tyme of Messias ¶ The seconde Chapitre ¶ The false opinion of the Philosophre concernyng the begynnyng of man BVt the aunciente Philosophers whiche without knowledge of God and his truthe many yeres ago wrate vpon the natures of thinges and thistories of times had another opinion of the originall of man For certain of them belieued the worlde euer to haue been and that euer it should be and man together with it to haue had no beginnyng Certaine did holde that it had a beginnyng and an ende it should haue and a time to haue been when man was not For saie thei the begynner of thynges visible wrapped vp bothe heauen and earth at one instant togither in one paterne and so a distinction growyng on betwixte these meynte bodies the worlde to haue begon in suche ordre as we
the people that onely of all other may chalenge the honour of auncientie This is the people alone that mighte haue glorified in the wisedome and vnmedled puritie of Language as beinge of all other the firste This is the people that was mother of lettres and sciences Amonge these remained the knowledge of the onely and euerliuinge God and the certeintie of the religion that was pleasaunte in his eies Among these was the knowledge and foreknowledge of al sauinge that Helas they knewe not the visitour of their wealthe and the ende of their wo Iesus the sauioure of all that woulde knowe him and sieke life in his deathe But him whome thei knew not when by reason thei should him shal thei yet ones knowe in time when the father woulde The Israelites the Hebrues or the Iewes for all in effecte soundeth one people liue aftre the rule of the lawes whiche Moses their worthy duke and deuine chiefteine declared vnto theim Withoute the whiche also or anye other written thei liued holily hundred of yeares before atteininge to the truthes hidden from other by a singuler gifte aboue other That Philosophre of Philosophers and deuine of deuines Moses the merueilous waienge in his insight that no multitude assembled coulde be gouerned to continuaunce without ordres of equitie and lawes when with rewardes to the good and reuenge vpon the euill he had sufficiently exhorted and trained his people to the desire of vertue and the hate of the contrarie at the last beside the two tables receiued in the mounte Sinah added ordres of discipline and ciuile gouernaunce full of all goodlines and equitie Whiche Iosephus the Iewe a manne of greate knowledge and eloquence aswel in the Hebrewe his natural toÌ„gue as in the Grieke amonge whome he liuen in notable fame not a fewe yeres hath gathered and framed into one seuerall treatise Out of the which because I rather fansie if I maye with like commoditie to folowe the founteines of the first Authours then the brokes of abredgers which often bring with them much puddle I haue here translated and annexed to the ende of this booke those ordres of the Iewes commune welthe seÌ„ding the for the reste to the Bible And yet notwithstanding loke what I fouÌ„de in this Abredger neither mencioned in the bible nor in that treatise the same thus ordrely foloweth The heathen writers and the Christianes do muche diffre concerninge the Iewes and Moyses their chiefteine For Cornelius the stylle in his firste booke of his yerely exploiâ—tes called in Latine Annales dothe not ascribe their departure oute of Egipte to the power and coÌ„mauÌ„dement of God but vnto necessitie coÌ„strainte with these wordes A great skuruines and an ytche saieth he beinge risen throughe oute Egipte Borchoris the king sekinge remedye in the Temple of Iupiter Haminon was willed by responcion to clense his kingdome And to sende awaye that kinde of people whom the goddes hated he meaneth the Iewes into some other coÌ„trey The whiche when he had done and they as the poompe of al skuruines not knowing wher to become laye cowring vndre hedges and busshes in places desert and many of them dropped away for sorowe and disease Moyses whiche also was one of the outecastes saieth he counseiled them not to sitte ther awaytinge aftre the helpe of God or of man whiche thei ware not like to haue but to folowe him as their capteine and lodesman and committe them selues vnto his gouernaunce And that hervnto thei all agreinge at wilde aduentures with oute knowing what thei did tooke their iorney In the which thei ware sore troubled and harde bestadde for lacke of water In this distresse wheÌ„ their ware now ready to lye them downe die for thirst Moyses espienge a great heard of wilde Chamelles comming fro their fiedinge and going into woddie place ther beside folowed them And iudginge the place not to be without watre for that he sawe it fresshe and grene digged and founde plenty of watre Wherwith when thei had releued theÌ„ selues thei passed on of daies iourney and so exployted that the seuenth daye thei had bearen our all the enhabitauntes of the contry where thei builte their Citie their temple Moyses then to the entent he might satle the peoples hartes towarde him for euer deuised them newe ordres and ceremonies cleane contrary to all other nacions For saieth Cornelius Looke what so euer is holy amonge vs the same is amonge them the contrary And what so euer to vs is vnlawfulle that same is compted lawefull amonge theim The ymage of the beaste that shewed them the waye to the waters and the ende of their wanderinge did thei set vp in their chambres and offre vnto it a rambe in the despight of Iupiter HammoÌ„ whom we worship in the fourme of a Rambe And because the Egiptians worshippe their goddesse Apis in the fourme of a cowe therfore thei vse to slea also in sacrifice a cowe Swines flesshe thei eate none for that thei holde opinion that this kynde of beaste of it selfe beinge disposed to be skoruie mighte be occasion againe to enfette them of newe The seuenth daye thei make holy day That is to say spende awaie in ydlenes and rest for that on the seuenth daye they founde reste of theyr wandering and misery And when they had caughte a sauour in this holye daye loytering it came to passe in processe of tyme that thei made a longe holydaye also of the whole seuenthyere But other holde opinion that thei do obserue suche maner of holye daies in the honour of Saturne the god of fasting and famine with whose whippe thei are lothe againe to be punisshed Their breade is vnleauened These ceremonies and deuises by what meanes so euer they ware brought in amonge them thei do stiffely defende As thei are naturally giuen to be stiffe in beliefe and depe in loue with their owne althoughe towarde al other thei be most hatefull enemies So that thei neither will eate ne drincke with them no nor lye in the chambre that a straunger of a nother nacion lyeth in A people altogether giuen vnto leachery and yet absteining from the enbrasinges of the straunger Emonge them selues thei iudge nothinge vnlawfull Thei deuised to rouÌ„de of the foreskinne of their yarde whiche we call circumcision because thei would haue a notable knowledge betwene theÌ„ and other nacions And the firste lesson thei teache vnto their children is to despise the goddes The soules of those the die in tormentes or in warre thei iudge to be immortall A continuall feare haue thei a regard of heauen and helle And wherâ— the Egiptians honour many similitudes and Images of beastes and other creatures whiche thei make them selues the Iewes onely doe honour with their spirite and minde and conceiue in their vndrestandyng but one onely Godheade Iudging all other that worshippe the Images of creatures or of manne to bee vngodlie and wicked These and many other thinges doth Cornelius write and Trogus also in his xxxvi
a representaciō of the partie departed Solempnisinge euery yere furthe the memoriall with newe ceremonies and mo This bothe the sonne for the father and the father for the sonne as the Grekes kepe their birthe daies These are also sayde to be verye iuste dealers their wiues to be as valeaunte and hardie as the husbādes Suche haue the maners of the Scithians bene But afterwarde being subdued by the Tartares and wearing by processe into their maners and ordinaunces thei nowe liue all after one sorte and vndre one name ¶ The .x. Chapiter ¶ Of Tartarie and the maners and power of the Tartarians TArtaria otherwyse called Mongal As Vincentuis wryteth is in that parte of the earthe where the Easte and the northe ioyne together It had vpō the easte the londe of the Katheorines and Solangores on the South the Saracenes on the weste the Naymaniens on the northe is enclosed with the occean It hath the name of the floude Tartar that ronneth by it A country very hilly and full of mountaines And wher it is champe in myngled with sāde and grauelle Barreine except it be in places where it is moysted with floudes which are very fewe And therfore it is muche waaste and thinly enhabited Ther is not in it one Citie ne one village beside Cracuris And wood in the moste parte of the country so skante that the enhabitaūtes are faine to make their fyre and dresse their meate with the drie donge of neate and horses The ayer intemperate and wonderfulle Thondre and lightening in somer so terrible that sondry do presently die for very feare Nowe is it broiling hote and by and by bittre colde and plenty of snowe Suche stronge windes sometime that it staieth horse and man and bloweth of the rider teareth vp trees by the rootes and doeth muche harme In wintre it neuer raineth ther and in Somer very often But so slendrely that the earthe is skante wette with al. And yet is ther great store of Cattaile as Camelles neate c. And horses and mares in suche plentie as I beleue no parte of the earth hath againe It was first enhabited of foure peoples Of the Ieccha mongalles that is to saye the greate mongalles The Sumongalles that is to say the watre mongalles whiche called them selues Tartares of the floude Tartar whose neighbours thei are The thirde people ware called Merchates and the fourthe Metrites There was no difference betwixte them eyther in body or lāguage but al aftre one sorte and facion Their behauour was in the beginning very brute and farre oute of ordre without lawe or discipline or any good facion Thei liued amonge the Scithians and kept herdes of cattalle in very base state and condition and ware tributaries to all their neighbours But within a while aftre thei deuided them selues as it ware into wardes to euery of the which was appointed a capitaine in whose deuises and consentes cōsisted thordre of the whole Yet ware thei tributaries to the Naimānes their next neighbours vntyll Canguista by a certaine prophecie was chosen their kynge He assone as he had receiued the gouernaunce abolished all worshippe of deuilles and commaunded by commune decree that all the whole nacion should honour the highe godeuerlasting by whose prouidence he would seme to haue receiued the kingdome It was further detreed that as manye as ware of age to beare armour should be preste and ready with the kyng at a certeyne daye The multitude that serued for their warres was thus destributed Their capitaines ouer ten which by a terme borowed of the Frenche we calle Diseners are at the cōmaundemente of the Centurians And the Cēturiane obeied the Millenarie that had charge of a thousande And he againe was subiecte to the grande Coronelle that had charge ouer ten thou sande aboue the whiche nombre thei mounted no degree of captaines This done to proue the obedience of his subiectes he commaunded seuen sonnes of the Princes or Dukes whiche before had gouerned the people to be slaine by the hādes of their owne fathers and mothers Whiche thinge althoughe it ware muche againste their hartes and an horrible diede yet did thei it Partely vppon the feare of the residew of the people and partly vpon conscience of their obediēce For why the people thoughte when thei sawe him begyn aftre this sorte thei had had a god amongest them So that in disobeynge of his commaundemente thei thought thei should not haue disobeied a king but God him selfe Canguista takinge stomake with this power firste subdued those Scithians that bordred vpon him and made them tributaries And where other afore had bene tributaries also vnto thein now receiued he in that one peoples righte tribute of many Then settinge vpon those that ware further of he had suche prosperous successe that from Scithia to the sonne risinge and fro thence to the middle earthe sea and beyonde he broughte all together vndre his subiection So that he moughte nowe worthely wryte him selfe highe Gouernour and Emperour of the Easte The Tartares are very deformed litle of bodie for the moste parte hauyng great stiepe eyes and yet so heary on the eye liddes that there sheweth but litle in open sight Platter faced and beardlesse sauyng vpon the vpper lippe and a litle about the poincte of the chinne thei haue a feawe heares as it ware priched in with Bodkins Thei be communely all slendre in the waste Thei shaue the hindre haulfe of the heade rounde aboute by the croune from one eare to another compassyng towarde the nape of the necke after suche a facion that the polle behind sheweth muche like the face of a bearded manne On the other parte thei suffre their heare to growe at lengthe like our women whiche thei deuide into two tresses or braudes and bryng aboute to fasten behinde their eares And this maner of shauyng do thei vse also that dwelle among theim of what nacion so euer thei be Thei theim selues are very light and nimble good on Horse but naughte on foote All from the moste to the leaste as well the women as the menne doe ride either vpon Geldynges or Rien where so euer thei become For stoned Horses thei occupie none ne yet Gelding that is a striker and lighte of his heles Their bridelles are trimmed with muche gold siluer and precious stones And it is compted a ioly thyng emong theim to haue a great sort of siluer sounded belles gynglyng aboute their horse neckes Their speache is very chourlishe and loude Their singyng is like the bawlynge of Woulues When thei drincke thei shake the heade and drincke thei do very often euen vnto drōckennesse wherin thei glorie muche Their dwellyng is neither in tounes ne Bouroughes But in the fieldes abrode aftre the maner of thaunciēt Scithians in tentes And the ratherso for that thei are all moste generally catteill mastres In the wintre time thei are wōt to drawe to the plaines in the Somer season to the mounteignes
the horses of their enemies in the skirmishe and battaile These to be knowen fro the Ianizaries weare redde cappes These are appoincted in nombre accordyng as the case shall require But thei are euer at the leaste fouretie thousande When the warres are finished for the whiche thei ware hired these are no longer in wages Th armie roialle hath about two hundred thousande armed menne beside a greate rable offootemen aduenturers that take no wages and suche other as be called out of Garrisons And amonge these Pioners and Cookes Carpenters Armourers and suche other as thei must niedes haue to make the waye wher the place is combresome to dresse victualles to amende harnesse to make bredges ouer floudes to trenche aboute their enne mies to plante battries make Ladders and suche other thinges necessarie for the siege Ther foloweth the armie also sondrye sortes of money Masters some for lone some for exchaunge some to buy thinges And sondrie sortes of occupiers such as be thought nedeful in such cases But there is nothing in all that nacion more to be merueiled at then their spiedinesse in doeyng of thinges their constantnes in perilles and their obedience and precise obseruinge of all commaun-demētes For the least fault of goeth the heade Thei passe ouer raginge floudes mounteignes and rockes roughes and plaines thicke and thinne if thei be commaunded Not hauing resperte to theyr lyfe but to their rulers No men maie awaie with more watche no men with more hongre Among them is no mutinyng no vproures no sturres In theyr fyght thei vse no cries nor shoutes but a certeine fiercenes of brayeng Thei kepe suche precise scilēce in the night through out their campe that thei wil rather suffre such as they haue taken prisoners to run their waie then to make any sturre Of all the peoples at this daie thei onely doe warre acording to the ordre of at mes So that no manne niedeth to mernayle howe it cometh that no people this two hundred yeare and aboue haue had like successe vnto them Yea it may truely be sayd that excepte it be by some plague or murreyn or discorde among them selues they can not be subdued The apparail that the souldiours do vse is most comely and honeste In their sadles and bridles there is neither curiositie ne yet superfluitie No man emong them weareth his Armour but when niede is to fight They carry their harnesse behynde theim at their backes They vse neither banner standerde ne flaggue but certein Iauelins that haue streamynge out fro the toppe diuers coloured thriedes by the whiche euery hande knoweth his capiteine Thei vse a drōme and a fiphe to assemble their Bandes and to sturre them to the batteile When the batteile is done all the armie is presented to the Regestour whiche is some one of the nobles bothe that it maye bee knowen who is slain and what nombre and that newe may be entred in their places In all assemblies and mietinges feaste or other thei praie for their souldiours and menne of warre But specially aboue all other for those that haue suffred death for the commune quarelle of their countrie calling them happie fortunate and blessed that thei yelded not vp their liues at home amidde the lamentacions and bewailynges of their wiues and children but loste them abrode amonge the shoutes of their enemies the ratling of the Harneis and Launces The victories of their forefathers and eldres thei put into Balade and sing theim with greate honour and praises for that thei thinke the courages of the souldiours and menne of warre be muche quickened and kindled thereby Their dwelling houses are communely of timbre and claie very fewe of stone for of them are the noble mennes houses their temples and Batthes And yet are there amonge the communes men able of them self alone to set furthe an whole armie furnisshed at all poinctes But because thei are naturally giuen to sparing and to abhorre all sumptuousenesse embrasing a lowe and simple state thei wel beare this volucarie pouertie and rude homelinesse For this cause also doe thei not set by any kinde of Painters Imagerie As for the other imagerie of coruē grauen or molten worke thei do so hate and abhorre that thei call us Christians for delighting so muthe in them verie Idolatours and Image worshippers And do not onely so calle vs but wil earnestly argue that we are so in dede Thei vse no Seales to their Lettres of what sorte so euer thei be the kynges or other But they credite the matier assone as thei haue red the superscripcion or heard the name of the sender Thei occupie no belles nor suffre not the christianes that dwelle amōg them to do Thei game not for money or any valewe elles And if it fortune that any manne be founde to do in many sūdrie wise thei reuile him and baite him with shames and reproche No man among them of what degree or dignitie so euer he be requireth forme chaire stoole or other kinde of seate to sitte vpon But foldinge bothe him selfe and his clothes aftre a mooste comely sorte rucketh downe vpon the grounde not muche vnlike to the sitting of our gētlewomen ofte times here in Englande The table wherupon thei eate is for the mooste parte of a Bullockes hide or a Hartes skinne Not dressed but in the heare facioned rounde beyng a fowre or fiue spanne ouer and so set rounde about on the bordre or verge with ringlettes of iron that putting a couple of stringes throughe the ringes it maye be drawen together and shutte and opened like a purse House or Churche or any other place wher they entende to sitte no man entreth with his shoes on For it is compted a very dishonest and an vnmanerly facion to sitte shoed wherfore they vse a maner of slippe shooes that may lightly be putte of and on The place where thei sitte either at home or at Churche is in some place matted and in some place ouerspred with course woollen Carpette And some places also either for the lowe nes moistenes or vncleanelinesse therof are plancked with boorde The garmentes aswell of the menne as the women are large and longe and open afore that thei may the more hone silie and couertly hide all when nature craueth to be eased And in doeyng those niedes thei take greate hiede that their face be not into the Southe as it is whē thei praye As also that thei discouer no prinie parte that any man myghte fortune to see The menne make water sitting aswell as the women For if a man amonges them ware sene to make water standing he should be iudged of all a foole or an heritique From wine as from a prouoker of al sinne and vnclennesse thei absteine by their lawe And yet eate they the Grapes drincke muste Thei also forbeare to eate any thinge that commeth of the Hogge or any thinge elles that dieth of sickenesse or by aduenture vnslain But any other thinges being mannes meate thei refuse
God seuen times a daie and to praye with ordenarie oraisons Towarde the eueninge euensonge and compline more late Matines in the morninge and incontinente prime and howres in ordre of tyme Hora prjma tertia sexta nona as thei stande in * ordre of name And this humbly before the aultare if he maye conueniently with his face towarde the Easte The pater nostre and the Crede said thei onely at the beginnyng of their seruice as the commune people do nowe a daies also Saincte Ierome at the vrgent request of Pope Damasus parted out the Psalmes acording to the daies of the wieke And appoincted for euery houre a porciō of propre psalmes For the nighte houres on the holy daye .ix. and on the worcking daye .xii. For laudes in the morning .v. for euensonge as many and for eche other houre but thre He also ordeined the Epistles Godspelles and other seruice vsed to be red out of the olde or newe testament in maner altogether sauing the note The Anthemes which Ambrose Byshoppe of millayne wrate and endited Damasus put ordre that the quiere should sing side aftre side added to euery psalmes ende Gloria patri c. The lessons and Himpnes that go before eche one of the howres did the coūceiles of Thoulouse and Agathone aucthorise The orisons the grailes the tractes the Alleluya thoffertorie the Communions in the Masse the Anthemes Versicles repitions and other thinges either songe or redde by nyghte or by daye to the beautifieng and praysing of God did Gregory Gelasius Ambrose and many other holy fathers deuise and put furthe not at one time but at sondry The Masse so terme thei the sacrifice was firste vsed to be done in suche simple sorte as yet is accustomed vppon good friday Easter euen with certeine lessōs before it But then Pope Celestinus put to the office of the Masse Thelesphorus Gloria in excelsis But Hilarius of pictauia made the Et in terra Simachus ordeined it to be songue The Salutaciōs which by the terme of Dominus vobiscum be made seuen tymes in a Masse ware taken out of the booke of Ruthe by Clemente and Anaclete and put in in their places Gelasius made vp all the reste to the Offertory in the same ordre thei be vsed Excepte the Sequenres and the Crede wherof Nicolas put in the firste Damasus the nexte acordinge to the Sinode of Constantinople The bidding of the beades with the collacion that was wonte to be made in the pulpite on Sondaies and halydaies raither grewe to a custome by the example of Nehemias and Esdras then was by any aucthorised In this collation at the firste comming vp therof when so many as ware presēte at the Masse did receiue the communion acording as was ordeyned by a decree thei that ware at any discorde ware exhorted to concorde agremente And that thei should receiue the sacrament of the aulter cleane from the fylthe of sinne vppon the whiche consideracion at this daye it endeth with confiteor or an open confession There ware thei wonte to teache the instrumentes of the olde lawe and the newe The ten cōmaundementes The .xii. articles of our beleue The seuen sacramentes holy folkes liues and Martirdomes holy dayes doctrines and disciplines vertues and vices and what soeuer are necessary beside forthe for a christiane to knowe Gregory lineked on the offertorie Leo the prefaces Gelasius the greate Canō the lesse The Sanctus blessed Sixtus And Gregory the Pater noster out of the Gospell of sainte Mathewe Martialle the scholer of blessed Peter deuised that Bysshoppes should gyue their benediction at the Agnus And as for other infeour priestes Innocentius commaūded them to giue the paxe that is to saye peace Sergius tacked on the Agnus and Gregory the poste communion The closing vp of all with Ite missa est Benedicamus Deo gratias was Leoes inuencion The. xii articles of our beleue whiche the blessed Apostles would euery manne not onely to confesse with mouthe but to beleue also in harte are these Firste that ther is one God in Trinitie the father almighty maker of heauen and earthe The seconde Iesus Christe his onely sonne our Lorde The thirde the same beinge conceiued of the holye ghoste to haue bene borne of the Virgine Marie The fourthe to haue suffred vndre Ponce pilate to haue bene crucified deade bewried and to haue descended in to helle The fiueth to haue risen agayne the thirde daye fro the deade The sixteth to haue ascended vp into the heauēs and to sitte on the right hande of God the father almighty The seuenth that he shall come fro thence like a triūpher to iudge the quicke and the deade The eight that ther is an holy ghoste The nineth that ther is an holy churche vniuersalle the communion of the godly and good The tenthe forgiuenesse of sinnes The eleuēth the rising againe of the flesshe The twelueth aftre our departing life in another worlde euerlasting The tenne commaundementes whiche god wrate with his owne fingre and gaue vnto the Israelites by Moises whiche thapostles willed vs also to kiepe The firste thou shalte haue none other Goddes but me The seconde thou shalte not make the any grauē Image or likenesse of any thing that is in heauē aboue in the earthe benethe or in the water vnder the earthe thou shalt not bowe doune to them nor worshippe them The third thou shalt not take the name of thy lorde God in vaine The fowrthe remembre that thou kiepe holie thy Sabboth daie The fiueth honour thy father mother The sixteth thou shalte doe no murdre The seuenth thou shalte not commit adulterie The eight thou shalte not steale The nineth thou shalt beare no false witnesse against thy neighbour The tenthe thou shalte not desyre thy neyghbours house his wife his seruaunte his maide his Oxe nor his Asse nor any thing that is thy neighbours The seuen Sacramentes of the churche whiche are conteined in the fiue laste Articles of our beleue and commaunded vs by the holie fathers to be beleued The firste diepyng into the water called Baptisyng aftre the Greke This by canonicalle decree in time paste was not wonte to be giuen excepte greate necessitie soner required it but to those that had bene scholers a space afore to learne the thinges appertinēt to christendome Yea and that aftre thei had bene exceadingly welle enstructed in the faithe and proufe taken of their profityng by seuen examinacions whiche ware made vpon seuen seueralle daies in the Lente and so ware thei Baptissed vpon Easter euen and Whitesondaie euen Vpon whiche daies thei ware accustomed to hallowe the christening watre in euery Paroche But because this specially of all other is chiefly necessarie vnto euerlasting saluacion leasse any bodie should die without it thei decreed that assone as the childe was borne godfathers should be sought for it as it ware for witnesses or sureties whiche should bryng the childe vnto the Churche doore
and there to stande without And then the Priest should enquire before the childe be dieped in the Fonte whether it haue renounted Sathan and all his pompe and pride If it beleue certeinely and wholie all the Articles of the Christiane faithe And the Godfathers answeryng yea for it the Prieste breathyng thrise vpon his face exorciseth it and cathechiseth it Aftre that doeth he seuen thinges to the childe in ordre Firste he putteth into the mouth hallowed salt Secondely he mingleth earthe and his spattle toguether and smereth the eyes eares nosethrilles of the childe Thirdly giuyng it suche name as it shall euer aftre bee called by he marketh it on the breast and backe with holie oile aftre the facion of a crosse Fourthly he diepeth it thrise in the Watre or besprinckleth it with watre thrise in maner of a crosse in the name of the holie Trinitie the father the sonne and holie ghost In the whiche name also all thother Sacramentes are ministred Fiuethly weting his thumbe in the holie ointement he maketh therewith a Crosse on the childes foreheade Sixthly he putteth a white garment vppon it Seuenthly he taketh it in the haÌ„de a Candle brennyng The Iewes before thei be Christened by the determinacion of the counsaile holden at Agathone are cathechised that is to saie are scholers as the enstruction of our beleue nine monethes And are bouÌ„d to fast fourtie daies to dispossesse them selues of all that euer thei haue and to make free their bonde men And looke whiche of their children thei haue Circumcised acording to Moses lawe hym are thei bounde to banishe their companie No merueile therfore if thei come so vnwillingly to christeÌ„dome Bishopping whiche the Latines calle Confirmacion a confirming a ratifieng establishyng aucthorisyng or allowyng of that went before is the second Sacramente And is giueÌ„ of the Bishoppe onely before the Aultare in the Churche to suche as are of groweÌ„ yeres and fastyng if it maie be aftre this maner As many as shal be Confirmed come all together with euery one a godfather And the Bishoppe aftre he hath saied one oraison ouer theÌ„ all wetyng his thumbe in the holie oile maketh a crosse vpoÌ„ eche of their foreheades In the name of the father sonne and holie ghoste And giueth hym a blowe on the lefte chieke for a remembraunce of the Sacrament that he come not for it againe The godfathers to the ende the enoilyng should not droppe awaie or by negligence bee wiped awaie clappe on a faire filette on the foreheade whiche thei iudge to be vnlawfully takeÌ„ awaie before the seuenth daie The holie fathers estemed this Sacrament so highly that if the name giuen to the childe at his Christendome fâ—â—med not good the Bisshoppe at the giuyng hereof mighte thaunge it The thirde Sacramente is holie Ordres whiche in the firste Churche was giuen likewise of the Bishoppe onely in the monethe of Decembre But now at sixe seueralle tymes of the yere that is to saie the fowre Saturdaies in the embre wekes whiche ware purposely ordeined therefore vpon the Saturdaie whiche the Churche menne calle Sitientes because the office of the Masse for that daie appoincted beginneth with that woorde and vpon Easter euen This Sacrament was giuen onely to menne and but to those neither whose demeanour and life dispocisioÌ„ of bodie and qualitie of minde ware sufficiently tried and knoweÌ„ Aftre the opinion of some there ware seuen ordres or degrees wherby the holy fathers would vs to beleue that there ware â—â—ueÌ„ speciall influences as it ware printed in the soule of the receiuer wherby eche one for eche ordre was to be compted an hallowed manne Aftre the mindes of other there ware nine That is to saie Musicens whiche encludeth singing and plaieng Doore kiepers Reders Exorcistes Acholites Subdeacon Deacon Prieste and Bishop And for all this it is coÌ„pted but one Sacramente by the reason that all these tende to one ende that is to saie to consecrate the Lordes bodie To euery one of these did the Counsaile of Tolede in Spaine appoincte their seueralle liueries and offices in the Churche The Doorekepers had the office of our Common Sexceine to opeÌ„ the churche dores to take hede to the churche and to shutte the dores And had therfore a keie giuen vnto theim when thei ware admitted to this ordre The Reader in signe and token of libertie to reade the Bible and holie stories had a greate booke giuen him The Exorcistes serued to commaunde euill spicices out of menne and in token therof had a lesse booke giuen them The Acholite had the bearyng and the orderyng of the Tapers Candelstickes and Cruetres at the Altare and therfore had a Candlesticke a Taper and two emptie Cruorettes deliuered hym The Subdeacon mighte take the offring and handle the Chalice and the Patine caâ—ie theim to the Altare and fro the Altare and giue the Deacon Wine and water out of the Cruettes And therfore the Bishoppe deliuereth hym an emptie Chalice with a Patine and the Archedeacon one Cruet full of wine and another full of watre or Chaptres and those againe into Paroches and to set that goodly ordre that yet continueth aswell emong the clergie as the laietie That the parishe should obeie their lawfull Persone the Persone the Deane the Deane the Bishoppe the Bishoppe the Archebishoppe The Archbishoppe the Primate or Patriarche the Primate or Patriarche the Legate the Legate the Pope the Pope the generalle Counsaile the generalle Counsaile God alone For the fourthe Sacramente it is holden that euery prieste rightly priested acordyng to the keies of the Churche hauing an encente to consecrate and obseruynge the fourme of the woordes hathe power of wheaten breade to make the very bodie of Christe and of Wine to make his very bloude Christe our Lorde hym selfe the daye before he suffred kepte it solemply with his disciples and consecrated and ordeined it continually to be celebrated and eaten in the remembraunce of him selfe And about this mattier a man had nede of a great faythe Firste to beleue the breade to be chaunged into the body and the wine into the bloude of Christe Againe thoughe this be done euery daye that yet Christ for all that should growe neuer a whitte the bigger for the making nor the lesse for the eatinge Thirdely that the Sacrament being deuyded into many partes Christ should yet remaine whole in euery cromme Fourthly that thoughe the wicked eate it yet should not it be defiled Fiuethly that it bringeth to as many euyll as receius it death and to the good euerlasting life Sixthly that it tourneth not into the nature of the eater to his nourishemente as other meate dothe but turneth the eater contrariwise into the nature of it selfe And yet being eaten that it is rapte into heauen vnhurte or vntouched Seuenthly that in so smalle a syse of breade and wine the infinite and incomprehensible Christe God and manne shoulde be comprehended Then that one and the self same bodye of