superficies was caused by taking some parts out of the vpper face of the earth in sundry places to make it more hollow and lay them in other places to make it more conuex or by raising vp some part and depressing others to make roome and receit for the Sea that mutation being wrought by the power of the word of the Lord Let the waters be gathered into one place that the dry land may appeare As for Aquinas Dionysius Catharianus and some Diuines that conceited there was no mutation but a violent accumulation of the waters or heaping them vp on high is vnreasonable because it is against nature that water being a flexible and a ponderous body so to consist and stay it selfe and not fall to the lower parts about it where in nature there is nothing to hinder it or if it be restrained supernaturally by the hand and bridle of Almighty God lest it should ouer-whelme and drowne all the land it must follow that God euen in the very institution of nature imposed a perpetuall violence vpon nature And this with all that at the Deluge there was no necessity to breake vp the springs of the deepe and to open the cattaracts of Heauen and powre downe water continually so many daies and nights together seeing the only with-drawing of that hand or letting goe of that bridle which restraineth the water would presently haue ouerwhelmed all But both by Scriptures the experience of Nauigators and reason in making estimation of the depth of the Sea reckon not onely the height of the hils aboue the common superficies of the earth but the height of all the dry land aboue the superficies of the Sea because the whole masse of earth that now appeareth aboue the waters being taken as it were out of the places which the waters now possesse must be equall to the place out of which it was taken so consequently it seemeth that the height or eleuation of the one should answer the descending or depth of the other and therefore in estimating the depth of the Sea wee consider not onely the erection of the hils aboue the ordinary land but the aduantage of the dry land aboue the Sea which latter I meane the height of the ordinary maine land excluding the hils which properly answer the extraordinary deepes and whirle-pooles in the Sea The rest is held more in large Continents aboue the Sea than that of the hils is aboue the land For that the plain face of the dry land is not leuel or equally distant from the Center but hath a great descent towards the Sea and a rising towards the mid-land parts although it appeare not plainly to the eye yet to reason it is most manifest because we find that part of the earth the Sea couereth descendeth lower and lower towards the Sea For the Sea which touching the vpper face of it is knowne by nature to be leuell and euenly distant from the center is obserued to wax deeper deeper the further one saileth from the shore cowards the maine Ocean euen so in that part which is vntouered the streamings of Riuers on all sides from the midland parts towards the Sea sliding from the higher to the lower declareth so much whose courses are some 1000. or 2000. miles in which declination Pliny in his deriuation of water requireth one cubit of declining in 240. foot of proceeding But Columella Viturnius Paladius and others in their conduction of waters require somewhat lesse namely that in the proceeding of 200. foot forward there should bee allowed one foot of descending downeward which yet in the course of 1000. miles as Danubius Volgha or Indus c. haue so much or more which will make fiue miles of descent in perpendicular account and in the course of 2000. or more as Nilus Niger and the Riuer of the Amazons haue 10. miles or more of the like descent These are not taken as rules of necessity as though water could not runne without that aduantage for that respect the conueyers of waters in these times content themselues with one inch in 600. foot as Philander and Viturnius obserued but is rather vnder a rule of commodity for expedition and wholsomnesse of water so conueyed left resting too long in pipes it should contract some vnwholsome condition or else through the slacknesse of motion or long closenesse or banishment from the aire gather some aptnesse and disposition to putrâ—fie Although I say such excesse of aduantage as in the artificiall conueyance of waters the forenamed Authors require be not of necessity exacted in the naturall deriuation of them yet certaine it is that the descent of riuers being continually and their courselong and in many places swift and in some places headlong and furious the differences of height or aduantage cannot be great betwixt the springs of the riuers and their out lets betwixt the first rising out of the earth and their falling into the Sea vnto which declinity of land seeing the deepenesse of the Sea in proportion answer as I before declared and not onely to the height of the hils it is concluded that the deepenesse to bee much more than the Philosophers commonly reputed and although the deepnesse of the Sardinian Sea which Aristotle saith was the deepest of the Mediterranean recorded by Posidonius in Strabo to haue beene found but 1000. fadome which is but a mile and a fifth part and the greatest bredth not past 600. miles then seeing if in so narrow a Sea it be so deepe what may we esteeme the maine Ocean to be that in many places is fiue times so broad seeing the broader the Seas are if they be intire and free from Ilands they are answerably obserued to be the deeper If you desire any further satisfaction reade the first part of Purchas his Pilgrimage where you may reade how to find all those Authors at large Now because he hath taken neere 100. times as much from me I haue made bold to borrow this from him seeing he hath founded such deepe waters for this our Ship to faile in being a Gentleman whose person I loued and whose memory and vertues I will euer honour CHAP. XI Proper Sea tearmes belonging to the good or bad condition of Ships how to finde them and amend them A Ship that will try hull and ride well at Anchor we call a wholsome Ship A long Ship that drawes much water will doe all this but if she draw much water and be short she may hull well but neither try nor ride well if she draw little water and belong she may try and ride well but neuer hull well which is called an vnwholsome ship The howsing in of a Ship is when shee is past the bredth of her bearing she is brought in narrow to her vpper workes it is certaine this makes her wholsome in the Sea without rowling because the weight of her Ordnance doth counterpoise her bredth vnder water but it is not so
more quartering betwixt both nether crosse nor alongst the ride In an open rode they will more that way they thinke the wind will come the most to hurt them To more a Prouiso is to haue one anchor in the riuer and a hawser a shore which is mored with her head a shore otherwise two cables is the least and foure cables the best to more by CHAP. X. Proper tearmes for the Winds Ebbes Floods and Eddies with their definitions and an estimate of the depth of the Sea by the height of the Hils and the largenesse of the Earth WHen there is not a breath of wind stirring it is a calme or a starke calme A Breze is a wind blowes out of the Sea and commonly in faire weather beginneth about nine in the morning and lasteth till neere night so likewise all the night it is from the shore which is called a Turnado or a Sea-turne but this is but vpon such coasts where it bloweth thus most certainly except it be a storme or very fowle weather as in Barbaria Aegypt and the most of the Leuant We haue such Brezes in most hot countreys in Summer but they are very vncertaine A fresh Gale is that doth presently blow after a calme when the wind beginneth to quicken or blow A faire Loome Gale is the best to saile in because the Sea goeth not high and we beare out all our sailes A stiffe Gale is so much wind as our top-sailes can endure to beare An Eddie wind is checked by the saile a mountaine turning or any such thing that makes it returne backe againe It ouer blowes when we can beare no top-sailes A flaw of wind is a Gust which is very violent vpon a sudden but quickly endeth A Spout in the West Indies commonly falleth in those Gusts which is as it were a small riuer falling entirely from the clouds like out of our water Spouts which make the Sea where it falleth rebound in flashes exceeding high Whirle winds runneth round and bloweth diuers wayes at once A storme is knowne to euery one not to bee much lesse than a tempest that will blow downe houses and trees vp by the roots A Mounsoune is a constant wind in the East Indies that bloweth alwayes three moneths together one way and the next three moneths the contrary way A Hericano is so violent in the West Indies it will continue three foure or fiue weekes but they haue it not past once in fiue six or seuen yeeres but then it is with such extremity that the Sea flies like raine and the waues so high they ouer flow the low grounds by the Sea in so much that ships haue been driuen ouer tops of high trees there growing many leagues into the land and there left as was Captaine Francis Nelson an Englishman and an excellent Sea-man for one We say a calme sea or Becalmed when it is so smooth the ship moues very little and the men leap ouer boord to swim A Rough Sea is when the waues grow high An ouergrowne Sea when the surges and billowes goe highest The Rut of the sea where it doth dash against anything And the Roaring of the Sea is most commonly obserued a shore a little before a storme or after a storme Flood is when the water beginneth to rise which is young flood as we call it then quarter flood halfe flood full Sea still water or high water So when it Ebbes quarter ebbe halfe ebbe three quarter ebbe low water or dead low water euery one doth know and also that as at a spring tide the Sea or water is at the highest so at a Neape tide it is at the lowest This word Tide is common both to Flood and Ebbe for you say as well tide of ebbe as tide of flood or a windward Tide when the Tide runnes against the streame as a Lee-warde Tide that is when the wind and the Tide goeth both one way which makes the water as smooth as the other rough To Tide ouer to a place is to goe ouer with the Tide of ebbe or flood and stop the contrary by anchoring till the next Tide thus you may worke against the wind if it ouer blow not A Tide gate is where the tide runneth strongest It flowes Tide and halfe Tide that is it will be halfe flood by the shore before it begin to flow in the channell for although the Tide of flood run aloft yet the Tide of ebbe runnes close by the ground An Eddie tide is where the water doth runne backe contrary to the tide that is when some headland or great point in a Riuer hindereth the free passage of the streame that causeth the water on the other side the point to turne round by the shore as in a circle till it fall into the tide againe As touching the reasons of ebbes and floods and to know how far it is to the bottome of the deepest place of the Sea I will not take vpon me to discourse of as knowing the same to be the secrets of God vnreuealed to man only I will set downe a Philosophicall speculation of diuers mens opinions touching the depth of the Sea which I hope will not be thought much impertinent to the subiect of this booke by the iudicious Reader Fabianus in Plinis and Cleomides conceiued the depth of the Sea to be fifteene furlongs that is a mile and â— parts Plutarch compared it equall to the highest mountaines Scallinger and others conceited the hils farre surpassed the deepnesse of the Sea and that in few places it is more than a hundered paces in depth it may bee hee meant in some narrow Seas but in the maine Ocean experience hath taught vs it is much more than twice so much for I haue founded 300. fadome yet found no ground Eratosthenes in Theon that great Mathematitian writeth the highest mountain perpendicular is but ten furlongs that is one mile and a quarter Also Dicaearcus affirmeth this to be the height of the hill Pâ—lius in Thessalia but Xenagoras in Plutarch obserued the height of Olimpus in the same region to be twenty paces more which is 1270. paces but surely all those meane onely those mountaines in or about Greece where they liued and were best acquainted but how these may compare with the Alps in Asia Atlas in Africa Caucasus in India the Andes in Peru and diuers others hath not yet beene examined But whatsoeuer the hils may be aboue the superficies of the earth many hold opinion the Sea is much deeper who suppose that the earth at the first framing was in the superficies regular and sphericall as the holy Scriptures directs vs to beleeue because the water couered and compassed all the face of the earth also that the face of the earth was equall to that of the Sea Damascen noteth that the vneuennesse and irregularity which now is seene in the earths
we haue the same Who for his skill in such a worke as this Doth farre excell all others of his name He 's neither Lock-Smith Gold-Smith nor Black-Smith But to giue him his right name he 's Iack-Smith S.S. The CONTENTS CHAP. I. OF Dockes and their definitions and what belongs to them fol. 1 CHAP. II. How to build a Ship with the definition of all the principall names of euery part of her and her principall timbers also how they are fixed one to another and the reasons of their vse 2 CHAP. III. How to proportion the Masts and Yards for a Ship by her Beame and Keele 15 CHAP. IIII. The names of all the Masts Tops and Yards belonging to a Ship 17 CHAP. V. How all the Tackling and Rigging of a Ship is made fast one to another with the names and reasons of their vse 18 CHAP. VI. What doth belong to the Boats and Skiffe with the definition of all those thirteen Ropes which are only properly called Ropes belonging to a Ship or a Boat and their vse 26 CHAP. VII The names of all sorts of Anchors Cables and Sailes and how they beare their proportions with their vse Also how the Ordnance should be placed the goods stowed a Ship 29 CHAP. VIII The charge and duty of the Captaine of a Ship and euery office and officer in a man of warre 34 CHAP. IX Proper Sea tearmes for diuiding the Company at Sea and stearing sayling and moring a Ship in faire weather or in a storme 37 CHAP. X. Proper Sea tearmes for the Winds Ebbes Flouds and Eddies with their definitions and an estimate of the depth of the Sea by the height of the Hils largenesse of the Earth 46 CHAP. XI Proper Sea tearmes belonging to the good or bad condition of Ships how to find them and amend them 52 CHAP. XII Considerations for a Sea Captaine in the choise of his Ship and inplacing his Ordnance In giuing Chase Boording and entring a man of war like himself or a defending Merchant man 54 CHAP. XIII How to manage a fight at Sea with the proper tearmes in a fight largely expressed the ordering a Nauy at Sea 59 CHAP. XIV The names of all sorts of great Ordnance and their appurtenances with their proper tearmes and expositions also diuers obseruations concerning their shooting with a Table of proportion for their weight of metall weight of powder weight of shot and there best at randome and point blanke inlarged 64 CHAP. XV. How they diuide their shares in a man of Warre what Bookes and Instruments are fit for a Sea man with diuers aduertisements for young Gentlemen that intend to follow the Sea and the vse of the petty Tally 72 THe Expositions of all the most difficult words seldome vsed but amongst sea men where you finde the word in the Margent in that breake against it you shall find the exposition so plainly and briefly that any willing capacity may easily vnderstand them A Sea Grammar Chap. I. Of Dockes and their definitions A Docke is a great pit or pond or creeke by a harbour side made conuenient to worke in with two great floud-gates built so strong and close that the Docke may be dry till the ship be built or repaired and then being opened let in the water to float and lanch her and this is called a dry Docke A wet Docke is any place where you may hale in a ship into the oze out of the tides way where shee may docke her selfe A cradel is a frame of timber made along a ship or the side of a gally by her billidge for the more ease and safty in lanching much vsed in Turkie Spaine and Italy And the stockes are certaine framed posts much of the same nature vpon the shore to build a Pinnace a Catch a Frigot or Boat c. To those Dockes for building belongs their wood-yards with saw-pits and all sorts of timber but the masts and yards are chained together in some great water to keepe them from rotting and in season Also a crab is necessary which is an engine of wood of three clawes placed on the ground in the nature of a Capsterne for the lanching of ships or heauing them into the Docke CHAP. II. How to build a ship with the definitions of all the principall names of euery part of her principall timbers also how they are fixed one to another and the reasons of their vse THe first and lowest timber in a ship is the keele to which is fastened all the rest this is a great tree or more hewen to the proportion of her burden laid by a right line in the bottome of the docke or stockes At the one end is skarfed into it the Stem which is a great timber wrought compassing and all the butt-ends of the planks forwards are fixed to it The Sterne post is another great timber which is let into the keele at the other end somewhat sloping from it doth rise the two fashion peeces like a paire of great hornes to those are fastened all the plankes that reach to the after end of the ship but before you vse any plankes they lay the Rungs called floore timbers or ground timbers thwart the keele thorow those you cut your Limberholes to bring the water to the well for the pumpe the vse of them is when the ship is built to draw in them a long haire rope by pulling it from sterne to stem to scowre them and keepe them cleane from choaking Those ground timbers doe giue the floore of the ship being straight sauing at the ends they begin to compasse and there they are called the Rungheads and doth direct the Sweepe or Mould of the Foot-hookes and Nauell timbers for there doth begin the compasse and bearing of the ship those are skarfed into the ground timbers which is one peece of wood let into another or so much wood cut away from the one as from the other for when any of those timbers are not long enough of themselues they are skarfed in this manner to make two or three as one those next the keele are called the ground Foot-hookes the other the vpper Foot-hookes but first lay your keeleson ouer your floore timbers which is another long tree like the keele and this lying within as the other without must be fast bound together with strong iron bolts thorow the timberâ— and all and on those are all the vpper workes raised when the Foot-hookes are skarfed as is said and well bolted when they are planked vp to the Orlop they make the ships Howle and those timbers in generall are called the ships ribs because they represent the carkasse of any thing hath ribs The sleepers run before and after on each side the keeleson on the floore well bolted to the Foot-hookes which being thus bound doe strengthen each other The Spurkits are the spaces betwixt the timbers alongst
or more or lesse as you see cause first on the one boord then on the other this we call boording or beating it vp vpon a tacke in the winds eye or bolting to and againe but the longer your boords are the more you worke or gather into the wind If a sudden flaw of wind should surprise you when you would lower a yard so fast as you can they call A maine but a crosse saile cannot come neerer the wind than six points but a Caruell whose sailes stand like a paire of Tailers sheeres will goe much neerer It ouer-casts we shall haue wind fowle weather settell your top sailes take in the spret-saile in with your top-sailes lower the fore-saile tallow vnder the parrels brade vp close all them sailes lash sure the ordnance strike your top-masts to the cap make it sure with your sheeps feet A storme let vs lie at Trie with our maine course that is to hale the tacke aboord the sheat close aft the boling set vp and the helme tied close aboord When that will not serue then Try the mizen if that split or the storme grow so great she cannot beare it then hull which is to beare no saile but to strike a hull is when they would lie obscurely in the Sea or stay for some consort lash sure the helme a lee and so a good ship will lie at ease vnder the Sea as wee terme it If shee will weather coile and lay her head the other way without loosing a saile that must bee done by bearing vp the Helme and then she will driue nothing so farre to Leeward They call it hulling also in a calme swelling Sea which is commonly before a storme when they strike their sailes left she should beat them in peeces against the mast by Rowling We say a ship doth Labour much when she doth rowle much any way but if she will neither Try nor Hull Then Spoone that is put her right before the wind this way although shee will rowle more than the other yet if she be weake it will not straine her any thing so much in the Trough of the Sea which is the distance betwixt two waues or Billowes If none of this will doe well then she is in danger to founder if not sinke Foundering is when she will neither veere nor steare the Sea will so ouer rake her except you free out the water she will lie like a log and so consequently sinke To spend a mast or yard is when they are broke by fowle weather and to spring a mast is when it is cracked in any place In this extremity he that doth cun the ship cannot haue too much iudgement nor experience to try her drift or how she capes which are two tearmes also vsed in the trials of the running or setting of currants A yoke is when the Sea is so rough as that men cannot gouern the Helme with their hands then they sease a block to the Helme on each side at the end reeuiug two fals thorow them like Gunners Tackles brings them to the ships side and so some being at the one side of the Tackle some at the other they steare her with much more ease than they can with a single rope with a double Turne about the Helme When the storme is past though the wind may alter three or foure points of the compasse or more yet the Sea for a good time will goe the same way then if your course be right against it you shall meet it right a head so we call it a head Sea Sometimes when there is but little wind there will come a contrary Sea and presently the winde after it wherby we may iudge that from whence it came was much winde for commonly before any great storme the Sea will come that way Now if the ship may runne on shore in ose or mud she may escape or Billage on a rocke or Ancors flooke repaire her leake but if she split or sinke shee is a wracke But seeing the storme decreaseth let vs trie if she will endure the Hullocke of a Saile which sometimes is a peece of the mizen saile or some other little saile part opned to keepe her head to the sea but if yet shee would weather coile wee will loose a Hullocke of her fore-saile and put the Helme a weather and it will bring her head where her sterne is courage my hearts It cleares vp set your fore-saile Now it is faire weather out with all your sailes goe lardge or laske that is when we haue a fresh gale or faire wind and all sailes drawing But for more haste vnparrell the mizen yard and lanch it and the saile ouer her Lee quarter and fit Giues at the further end to keepe the yard steady and with a Boome boome it out this we call a Goose-wing Who is at Helme there Sirra you must be amongst the Points Well Master the Channell is broad enough Yet you cannot steare betwixt a paire of sheats Those are words of mockery betwixt the Cunner and the Stearesman But to proceed Get your Larboord Tackes aboord hale off your starboord sheats keepe your coarse vpon the point you are directed Port he will lay her by the lee the staies or backe staies that is when all the sailes flutter in the winde and are not kept full that is full of wind they fall vpon the masts and shrowds so that the ship goes a drift vpon her broad side fill the sailes keepe full full and by Make ready to Tacke about is but for euery man to stand to handle the sailes and ropes they must hale Tacke about is to beare vp the helme and that brings her to stay all her sailes lying flat against the shrowds then as she turnes wee say shee is payed then let rise your Lee tacks and hale off your sheats and trim all your sailes as they were before which is cast of that Boling which was the weather boling and hale vp taught the other So all your Sheats Brases and Tackes are trimmed by a winde as before To belay is to make fast the ropes in their proper places Round in is when the wind larges let rise the maine tacke and fore tacke and hale aft the fore sheat to the cats head and the maine sheat to the cubbridge head this is Rounding in or rounding aft the saile the sheats being there they hale them downe to keepe them firme from flying vp with a Pasarado which is any rope wherewith wee hale downe the sheats blockes of the maine or fore saile when they are haled aft the clew of the maine saile to the Cubbridge head of the maine mast and the clew of the fore saile to the Cat head Doe this when the ships goes large Obserue the height that is at twelue a clocke to take the height of the Sunne or in the night the North star or in the
forenoone and afternoone if you misse these by finding the Azimuth end Alnicanter Dead water is the Eddie water followes the sterne of the ship not passing away so quickly as that slides by her sides The wake of a ship is the smooth water a sterne shewing the way shee hath gone in the sea by this we iudge what way she doth make for if the wake be right a sterne we know she makes good her way forwards but if to Lee-ward a point or two wee then thinke to the Lee-ward of her course but shee is a nimble ship that in turning or tacking about will not fall to thee Lee-ward of her wake when shee hath weathered it Disimbogue is to passe some narrow strait or currant into the maine Ocean out of some great Gulfe or Bay A Drift is any thing floating in the sea that is of wood Rockweed doth grow by the shore and is a signe of land yet it is oft found farre in the Sea Lay the ship by the Lee to trie the Dipsie line which is a small line some hundred and fifty fadome long with a long plummet at the end made hollow wherein is put tallow that will bring vp any grauell w ch is first marked at twenty fadome and after increased by tens to the end and those distinguished by so many small knots vpon each little string that is fixed at the marke thorow the strouds or middest of the line shewing it is so many times ten fadome deepe where the plummet doth rest from drawing the line out of your hand this is onely vsed in deepe water when we thinke we approach the shore for in the maine sea at 300. fadomes we finde no bottome Bring the ship to rights that is againe vnder saile as she was some vse a Log line and a minute glasse to know what way shee makes but that is so vncertaine it is not worth the labour to trie it One to the top to looke out for land the man cries out Land to which is iust so farre as a kenning or a man may discouer descrie or see the land And to lay a land is to saile from it iust so farre as you can see it A good Land fall is when we fall iust with our reckoning if otherwise a bad Land fall but howeuer how it beares set it by the compasse and bend your Cables to the Anchors A Head land or a Point of land doth lie further cut at sea than the rest A Land marke is any Mountaine Rocke Church Wind-mill or the like that the Pilot can know by comparing one by another how they beare by the compasse A Reach is the distance of two points so farre as you can see them in a right line as White Hall and London Bride or White Hall and the end of Lambeth towards Chelsey Fetch the Sounding line this is bigger than the Dipsie-line and is marked at two fadome next the lead with a peece of blacke leather at three fadome the like but slit at 5. fadome with a peece of white cloth at 7. fadome with a peece of red in a peece of white leather at 15. with a white cloth c. The sounding lead is six or seuen pound weight and neere a foot long he that doth heaue this lead stands by the horse or in the chaines and doth sing fadome by the marke 5. c. and a shaftment lesse 4.0 this is to finde where the ship may saile by the depth of the water Fowle water is when she comes into shallow water where shee raises the sand or ose with her way yet not touch the ground but shee cannot feele her helme so well as in deepe water When a ship sailes with a large wind towards the land or a faire wind into a harbour we say she beares in with the land or harbour And when she would not come neere the land but goeth more Roome-way than her couse wee say she beares off but a ship boord beare off is vsed to euery thing you would thrust from you Beare vp is to bring the ship to goe large or before the wind To Hold off is when we heaue the Cable at the Capsterne if it be great and stiffe or slimie with ose it surges or slips backe vnlesse they keep it close to the whelps and then they either hold it fast with nippers or brings it to the I care Capsterne and this is called Holding off As you approach the store shorten your sailes when you are in harbour take in your sailes and come to an anchor wherein much iudgement is required To know well the soundings if it be Nealed to that is deepe water close aboord the shore or shallow or if the Leevnder the weather shore or the lee shore be sandy clay osie or fowle and rockie ground but the Lee shore all men would shun that can auoid it Or a Roade which is an open place neere the shore Or the Offing which is the open Sea from the shore or the middest of any great streame is called the Offing Land locke is when the land is round about you Now the ship is said to Ride so long as the Anchors doe hold and comes not home To Ride a great roade is when the winde hath much power They will strike their top masts and the yards alongst ships and the deeper the water is it requires more Cable when wee haue rid in any distresse wee say wee haue rid hawse full because the water broke into the hawses To ride betwixt wind and tide is when the wind tide are contrary of equall power w ch will make her rowle extremely yet not straine much the cable To Ride thwart is to ride with her side to the tide and then she neuer straines it To ride a pike is to pike your yards when you ride amongst many ships To ride acrosse is to hoise the maine and fore yards to the hounds and topped alike When the water is gone and the ships lies dry we say she is Sewed if her head but lie dry she is Sewed a head but if she cannot all lie dry she cannot Sew there Water borne is when there is no more water than will iust beare her from the ground The water line is to that Bend or place she should swim in when she is loaded Lastly to More a ship is to lay out her anchors as is most fit for her to ride by and the wayes are diuers as first to More a faire Berth from any annoiance To More a crosse is to lay one anchor to one side of the streame and the other to the other right against one another and so they Beare equally ebbe and flood To More alongst is to lay an anchor amidst the streame ahead and another asterne when you feare driuing a shore Water shot is to