answer_n to_o the_o reason_n common_o urge_v by_o the_o maintainer_n of_o the_o first_o opinion_n i._o all_z interpreter_n be_v agree_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v so_o far_o universal_a as_o it_o overwhelm_v all_o the_o then_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o all_o the_o race_n of_o mankind_n except_o noah_n family_n be_v destroy_v by_o it_o but_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n which_o other_o again_o as_o positive_o deny_v ii_o they_o that_o hold_v the_o affirmative_a in_o the_o first_o place_n ground_n themselves_o upon_o the_o express_a word_n of_o moses_n who_o introduce_v god_n lay_v his_o command_n upon_o noah_n chap._n 6.19_o of_o every_o live_a thing_n of_o all_o flesh_n to_o take_v two_o of_o every_o sort_n into_o the_o ark_n to_o preserve_v the_o several_a species_n of_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v lose_v which_o command_n noah_n according_o obey_v and_o take_v pair_n of_o every_o bird_n every_o beast_n and_o every_o creep_a thing_n upon_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o their_o several_a kind_n place_v they_o in_o the_o ark._n now_o these_o expression_n denote_v that_o all_o live_a creature_n whatever_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v for_o otherwise_o noah_n may_v have_v recruit_v himself_o much_o easy_a out_o of_o some_o other_o country_n where_o the_o deluge_n do_v not_o reach_v and_o consequent_o where_o they_o be_v not_o destroy_v than_o have_v keep_v they_o in_o the_o ark_n which_o be_v infinite_o more_o troublesome_a as_o for_o the_o bird_n especial_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o gather_v they_o because_o as_o they_o can_v have_v easy_o fly_v to_o the_o dry_a place_n so_o after_o the_o country_n that_o be_v overflow_v be_v dry_a again_o they_o will_v have_v soon_o return_v nay_o it_o have_v be_v much_o more_o commodious_a for_o noah_n to_o have_v go_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v not_o cover_v with_o water_n than_o to_o be_v shut_v up_o so_o long_o in_o the_o ark._n second_o as_o the_o species_n of_o all_o animal_n be_v say_v to_o be_v preserve_v by_o noah_n care_n so_o moses_n can_v not_o in_o more_o express_a word_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o world_n be_v destroy_v than_o in_o the_o follow_a line_n chap._n 7.21_o all_o the_o flesh_n die_v that_o move_v upon_o the_o earth_n both_o of_o fowl_n and_o of_o cattle_n and_o of_o beast_n and_o of_o every_o creep_a thing_n etc._n etc._n all_o in_o who_o nostril_n be_v the_o breath_n of_o life_n of_o all_o that_o be_v on_o the_o dry_a land_n die_v and_o every_o live_a substance_n be_v destroy_v which_o be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n both_o man_n and_o cattle_n and_o the_o creep_a thing_n and_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o heaven_n if_o a_o man_n be_v never_o so_o much_o mind_v to_o tell_v his_o reader_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o creature_n in_o all_o place_n be_v destroy_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o do_v it_o more_o plain_o how_o can_v the_o bird_n of_o any_o one_o country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v lose_v if_o they_o have_v the_o next_o country_n to_o fly_v to_o which_o be_v free_a from_o the_o flood_n can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o wild_a beast_n save_o himself_o thither_o by_o flight_n three_o we_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n that_o noah_n stay_v within_o the_o ark_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_v when_o it_o have_v be_v much_o more_o easy_a for_o he_o to_o have_v go_v to_o some_o of_o those_o country_n which_o have_v not_o be_v visit_v by_o the_o deluge_n especial_o since_o the_o soil_n of_o such_o a_o place_n will_v have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o he_o upon_o all_o account_n than_o that_o of_o a_o country_n corrupt_v by_o the_o salt_n water_n nay_o he_o may_v as_o we_o observe_v before_o have_v flee_v thither_o before_o the_o flood_n with_o his_o family_n and_o all_o his_o effect_n and_o so_o have_v avoid_v the_o fatigue_n and_o trouble_v of_o build_v a_o ark_n which_o employ_v he_o without_o question_n a_o whole_a year_n four_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n show_v that_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n be_v cover_v for_o since_o the_o high_a mountain_n under_o heaven_n be_v cover_v fifteen_o cubit_n that_o be_v two_o and_o twenty_o foot_n high_a with_o water_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v escape_v the_o flood_n and_o so_o we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o decrease_v the_o first_o place_n the_o ark_n light_v upon_o be_v on_o the_o high_a ridge_n of_o the_o gordiaean_a mountain_n to_o these_o reason_n which_o be_v borrow_v from_o moses_n narration_n we_o will_v not_o add_v the_o general_a consent_n of_o ancient_a and_o modern_a interpreter_n because_o all_o of_o they_o pure_o depend_v upon_o it_o now_o those_o that_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o universal_a than_o as_o it_o overflow_v so_o much_o of_o the_o world_n as_o be_v inhabit_v by_o mankind_n and_o destroy_v all_o man_n but_o those_o that_o escape_v in_o the_o ark_n think_v they_o have_v defend_v their_o hypothesis_n with_o invincible_a argument_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n have_v produce_v answer_n to_o all_o the_o abovementioned_a reason_n which_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n do_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o argument_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n those_o that_o maintain_v that_o all_o the_o world_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o flood_n prove_v their_o opinion_n out_o of_o scripture_n much_o better_a than_o they_o resolve_v the_o objection_n of_o their_o adversary_n iii_o that_o only_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n suffer_v by_o the_o flood_n they_o think_v be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o since_o god_n almighty_a only_o propose_v to_o destroy_v mankind_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n for_o the_o flood_n to_o reach_v far_o than_o man_n have_v plant_v themselves_o it_o be_v likewise_o past_a dispute_n that_o he_o design_v to_o punish_v man_n alone_o because_o man_n alone_o be_v capable_a of_o sin_n in_o who_o destruction_n if_o any_o beast_n be_v involve_v they_o perish_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o man_n live_v now_o before_o the_o flood_n mankind_n can_v not_o extend_v itself_o far_o and_o perhaps_o have_v not_o exceed_v those_o country_n which_o lie_v about_o the_o tigris_n and_o euphrates_n it_o be_v a_o foolish_a thing_n say_v isaac_n vossius_fw-la in_o his_o dissertation_n de_fw-fr aetat_fw-la mund._o p._n 283._o to_o imagine_v that_o mankind_n be_v so_o much_o multiply_v before_o the_o flood_n as_o to_o inhabit_v all_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o earth_n how_o slow_a humane_a nature_n be_v in_o produce_v man_n at_o that_o time_n we_o may_v easy_o gather_v from_o this_o that_o noah_n be_v but_o the_o nine_o from_o adam_n whoever_o compute_v the_o matter_n fair_o will_v see_v that_o from_o those_o eight_o person_n who_o escape_v the_o flood_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dispersion_n of_o the_o nation_n more_o man_n may_v be_v bear_v than_o from_o adam_n alone_o in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o thousand_o year_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o before_o the_o confusion_n of_o babel_n mankind_n possess_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o asia_n therefore_o those_o person_n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v who_o suppose_v that_o in_o noah_n time_n the_o whole_a world_n be_v inhabit_v when_o perhaps_o only_o syria_n and_o mesopotamia_n be_v plant_v now_o no_o reason_n oblige_v we_o to_o extend_v the_o inundation_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o inhabit_a world_n nay_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o say_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v inflict_v upon_o mankind_n shall_v be_v exert_v where_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v find_v second_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o prodigious_a the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n must_v be_v to_o cover_v all_o the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v not_o water_n enough_o either_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o cloud_n to_o rise_v so_o high_a if_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n who_o top_n be_v above_o three_o mile_n high_a for_o which_o consult_v isaac_n vosstus_n in_o pomp._n melam_n l._n 5._o c._n 2._o and_o varenius_n geogr._n gen._n l._n 1._o c._n 10._o yet_o the_o water_n must_v have_v rise_v so_o high_a but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o neither_o the_o sea-water_n nor_o that_o in_o fountain_n and_o river_n nor_o shower_n be_v sufficient_a to_o effect_v it_o the_o water_n which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o earth_n can_v never_o be_v carry_v so_o high_a unless_o the_o earth_n sink_v in_o and_o the_o mountain_n be_v level_v which_o contradict_v the_o moysaicall_a history_n and_o though_o the_o water_n of_o
the_o cloud_n be_v join_v to_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v ascend_v so_o high_a since_o we_o see_v it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o water_n below_o for_o the_o collect_v water_n of_o the_o cloud_n must_v have_v make_v a_o much_o great_a mass_n than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o can_v so_o far_o overflow_v it_o as_o to_o exceed_v the_o high_a mountain_n twenty_o foot_n at_o least_o which_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o consider_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o watery_a circle_n which_o must_v encompass_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o far_o they_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a some_o person_n to_o clear_v themselves_o from_o these_o difficulty_n in_o the_o first_o place_n pretend_v that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v in_o its_o low_a part_n and_o in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o at_o lest_o something_o else_o serve_v instead_o of_o water_n and_o last_o that_o even_o the_o air_n condense_v into_o water_n fall_v down_o with_o the_o rain_n but_o all_o these_o be_v mere_a conjecture_n of_o which_o moses_n mention_n not_o the_o least_o syllable_n beside_o they_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o they_o add_v miracle_n to_o miracle_n mere_o to_o overflow_v those_o country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o deluge_n shall_v be_v send_v if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o whole_a circumambient_a air_n say_v the_o abovementioned_a vossius_fw-la in_o epist_n ad_fw-la and._n col._n p._n 385._o to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n yet_o we_o shall_v never_o make_v the_o mass_n of_o water_n rise_v one_o and_o thirty_o foot_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o water_n will_v never_o be_v make_v to_o rise_v high_o either_o by_o pump_n or_o any_o other_o attractive_a power_n for_o the_o air_n that_o press_v without_o and_o force_v the_o water_n into_o the_o tub_n or_o pump_n make_v a_o exact_a aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o water_n which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o tub._n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o tub_n be_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o cylinder_n of_o air_n which_o press_v the_o water_n without_o so_o that_o if_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o air_n be_v condense_v and_o turn_v into_o water_n yet_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n will_v not_o be_v above_o thirty_o two_o foot_n high_a to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o to_o turn_v this_o air_n into_o water_n it_o must_v be_v so_o much_o condense_v that_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o it_o must_v equal_v the_o like_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o weight_n but_o to_o effect_v this_o the_o air_n must_v be_v at_o least_o eight_o hundred_o time_n thick_a than_o it_o be_v for_o it_o appear_v by_o undoubted_a experiment_n that_o the_o exact_a weight_n of_o this_o low_a air_n which_o we_o breath_n and_o which_o without_o question_n be_v the_o heavy_a be_v eight_o hundred_o time_n heavy_a at_o least_o than_o that_o of_o water_n see_v edm._n halley_n second_v dissertation_n in_o the_o transaction_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n t._n xvi_o p._n 104._o other_o that_o can_v digest_v this_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o rain_n and_o sea-water_n be_v rarefy_v however_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v so_o great_a a_o rarefaction_n of_o water_n they_o be_v vossius_n own_o word_n yet_o to_o make_v the_o quantity_n of_o it_o no_o more_o than_o fifteen_o time_n great_a than_o usual_a which_o be_v the_o least_o we_o can_v suppose_v it_o ought_v proper_o to_o be_v call_v a_o mist_n and_o not_o water_n wherein_o as_o neither_o man_n nor_o the_o other_o terrestrial_a creature_n can_v have_v be_v destroy_v so_o the_o fish_n can_v not_o have_v live_v in_o it_o beside_o have_v noah_n ark_n be_v make_v of_o the_o light_a cork_n imaginable_a yet_o so_o light_a and_o thin_a a_o body_n can_v never_o have_v support_v it_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v still_o insist_v that_o the_o water_n be_v create_v out_o of_o nothing_o and_o annihilate_v again_o after_o all_o live_a creature_n be_v destroy_v it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o countenance_v this_o conjecture_n to_o be_v find_v in_o moses_n who_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o heaven_n be_v send_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v suitable_a for_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o create_v a_o mighty_a mass_n of_o water_n to_o overflow_v those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o beast_n and_o afterward_o to_o annihilate_v they_o last_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o eight_o chapter_n that_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o not_o by_o any_o extraordinary_a effect_n of_o the_o divine_a omnipotence_n from_o hence_o a_o three_o argument_n be_v deduce_v whereby_o they_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v only_o particular_a god_n say_v moses_n ch._n 8.1_o send_v a_o wind_n and_o the_o water_n abate_v the_o only_a thing_n the_o wind_n can_v do_v be_v that_o a_o few_o more_o vapour_n shall_v be_v exhale_v or_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v more_o swift_o be_v carry_v into_o some_o certain_a place_n into_o which_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n it_o will_v not_o run_v soon_o enough_o but_o it_o can_v never_o exhaust_v the_o ocean_n who_o can_v therefore_o believe_v that_o the_o whole_a earth_n cover_v with_o water_n to_o so_o prodigious_a a_o height_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o by_o the_o wind_n it_o be_v certain_a this_o can_v not_o more_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o wind_n than_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o sea_n can_v be_v compel_v into_o its_o alveus_fw-la by_o it_o especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o sun_n perpetual_o draw_v up_o vapour_n from_o the_o earth_n even_o without_o the_o wind_n which_o vapour_n be_v in_o too_o great_a plenty_n in_o the_o air_n fall_v down_o back_o again_o upon_o the_o earth_n in_o shower_n beside_o if_o the_o wind_n can_v draw_v up_o so_o vast_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o vapour_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o will_v be_v always_o much_o more_o water_n in_o the_o cloud_n than_o in_o the_o ocean_n since_o if_o they_o be_v all_o pour_v down_o they_o can_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n not_o the_o high_a mountain_n except_v but_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o this_o can_v be_v do_v four_o if_o the_o sea-water_n be_v spread_v all_o over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o tree_n and_o small_a plant_n can_v scarce_o have_v be_v preserve_v from_o destruction_n and_o if_o all_o tree_n in_o all_o country_n have_v be_v spoil_v by_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n how_o come_v they_o to_o be_v propagate_v again_o since_o god_n be_v not_o where_o say_v to_o have_v create_v they_o anew_o now_o no_o one_o will_v be_v so_o obstinate_a as_o to_o deny_v that_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o year_n or_o somewhat_o less_o both_o plant_n and_o seed_n will_v be_v corrupt_v in_o salt-water_n and_o those_o that_o be_v skilled_a in_o natural_a philosophy_n will_v scarce_o affirm_v that_o they_o will_v grow_v again_o out_o of_o putrify_a mud_n ferment_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o be_v former_o believe_v it_o be_v true_a the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v somewhat_o abate_v if_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o universal_a deluge_n answer_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o take_v off_o by_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o fresh_a water_n mingle_v with_o it_o however_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o imagine_v how_o several_a plant_n can_v continue_v so_o long_a a_o space_n even_o under_o fresh_a water_n without_o be_v kill_v five_o if_o all_o the_o animal_n of_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n come_v to_o noah_n in_o general_a as_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o must_v needs_o come_v suppose_v both_o hemisphere_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n it_o may_v be_v inquire_v into_o how_o so_o many_o animal_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o america_n can_v come_v from_o that_o continent_n to_o mesopotamia_n if_o america_n be_v any_o where_o join_v to_o our_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v be_v far_o northwards_o under_o a_o cold_a climate_n which_o beast_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n can_v endure_v nay_o if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v join_v to_o our_o climate_n under_o a_o more_o favourable_a latitude_n how_o can_v the_o american_n beast_n but_o the_o serpent_n more_o especial_o possible_o get_v over_o so_o many_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o mountain_n and_o find_v their_o way_n through_o so_o many_o wood_n in_o so_o long_a a_o journey_n
heathen_n not_o only_o those_o of_o the_o hebrew_n nothing_o hinder_v but_o he_o may_v sometime_o design_o help_v natural_a cause_n on_o their_o behalf_n vii_o it_o appear_v also_o from_o the_o death_n of_o the_o egyptian_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v divide_v as_o i_o have_v say_v first_o moses_n say_v that_o when_o the_o israelite_n go_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o egyptian_n pursue_v and_o go_v in_o after_o they_o in_o the_o nighttime_n to_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o all_o pharaoh_n horse_n his_o chariot_n and_o horseman_n exod._n 14.23_o the_o egyptian_n believe_v that_o the_o israelite_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o opportunity_n of_o a_o ebb_a which_o be_v great_a than_o it_o use_v to_o be_v and_o that_o therefore_o they_o ought_v present_o to_o pursue_v they_o lest_o the_o passage_n shall_v be_v stop_v by_o the_o return_n of_o the_o water_n though_o the_o egyptian_n be_v transport_v with_o anger_n yet_o have_v they_o suspect_v that_o it_o be_v a_o prodigy_n they_o have_v certain_o never_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o go_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o may_v have_v see_v that_o it_o be_v undoubted_o a_o miracle_n be_v it_o not_o that_o they_o may_v with_o some_o likelihood_n ascribe_v the_o thing_n to_o a_o extraordinary_a reflux_n when_o the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o egyptian_n come_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o israelite_n get_v to_o the_o opposite_a shore_n that_o be_v in_o the_o three_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n as_o we_o learn_v from_o what_o follow_v moses_n be_v command_v to_o smite_v the_o sea_n which_o be_v do_v exod._n 14.27_o the_o sea_n return_v to_o its_o strength_n when_o the_o morning_n appear_v which_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v happen_v by_o degree_n but_o god_n make_v use_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a southwind_n which_o bring_v back_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n and_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n the_o wave_n which_o stand_v still_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o northwind_n this_o we_o learn_v from_o moses_n song_n exod._n 15.10_o thou_o do_v blow_v with_o thy_o wind_n the_o sea_n cover_v they_o they_o sink_v as_o lead_v in_o the_o mighty_a water_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o water_n be_v congeal_v and_o heap_v up_o on_o both_o side_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o a_o wind_n to_o make_v they_o return_v to_o their_o place_n as_o they_o stand_v up_o only_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n they_o may_v return_v into_o their_o channel_n by_o the_o same_o will_n provide_v god_n will_v have_v recall_v the_o efficacy_n of_o his_o power_n for_o they_o have_v drop_v down_o by_o their_o weight_n like_o melt_a ice_n lest_o the_o egyptian_n shall_v avoid_v by_o fly_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o reflux_n beside_o the_o southwind_n by_o which_o it_o be_v hasten_v moses_n say_v that_o god_n trouble_v the_o host_n of_o the_o egyptian_n and_o take_v off_o their_o chariot-wheel_n that_o they_o drive_v they_o heavy_o exod._n 14.24_o 25._o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v this_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o army_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v make_v up_o only_o of_o chariot_n and_o horseman_n for_o pharaoh_n bring_v with_o he_o no_o infantry_n to_o overtake_v more_o easy_o the_o israelites_n nor_o do_v he_o want_v any_o see_v he_o may_v easy_o rout_n a_o unarm_a people_n only_o with_o his_o chariot_n and_o horseman_n beside_o the_o march_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o chariot_n be_v make_v slow_a by_o a_o secret_a efficacy_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n three_o thing_n may_v make_v that_o passage_n more_o difficult_a to_o the_o egyptian_n than_o to_o the_o israelite_n 1._o there_o may_v be_v in_o some_o place_n abundance_n of_o mire_n too_o deep_a to_o drive_v chariot_n and_o horse_n through_o they_o without_o great_a trouble_n whereas_o man_n a_o foot_n may_v easy_o get_v over_o they_o especial_o the_o israelites_n who_o be_v use_v to_o wander_v with_o their_o flock_n in_o the_o marsh_n of_o egypt_n though_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o the_o same_o every_o where_o yet_o no_o body_n will_v wonder_v that_o i_o say_v there_o may_v be_v here_o and_o there_o some_o miry_a place_n in_o a_o space_n that_o be_v some_o mile_n broad_a a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o sea_n leave_v it_o 2._o if_o there_o be_v no_o mire_n in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o deep_a sand_n in_o which_o wheel_n will_v sink_v deep_o and_o through_o which_o horse_n can_v go_v but_o slow_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v book_n iii_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o dirt_n and_o sand_n in_o that_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o flood_n sometime_o carry_v so_o much_o sand_n about_o the_o ship_n that_o sail_v in_o it_o that_o they_o stick_v fast_o in_o the_o ground_n that_o sand_n hinder_v without_o doubt_n the_o chariot_n and_o horse_n from_o go_v fast_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o moses_n say_v several_a time_n that_o the_o israelite_n go_v through_o the_o sea_n as_o through_o a_o dry_a land_n i_o answer_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v so_o much_o as_o moist_a and_o dirty_a the_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v dry_a because_o there_o be_v no_o wave_n upon_o it_o and_o it_o be_v oppose_v not_o to_o moistness_n but_o to_o water_n as_o gen._n 1.9_o and_o god_n say_v let_v the_o water_n under_o the_o heaven_n be_v gather_v together_o unto_o one_o place_n and_o let_v the_o dry_a land_n appear_v and_o god_n call_v the_o dry_a land_n earth_n see_v also_o chap._n 8.13_o philo_z therefore_o lay_v too_o great_a a_o stress_n upon_o that_o word_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o isrelite_n go_v through_o the_o sea_n as_o through_o a_o way_n pave_v with_o stone_n for_o as_o he_o go_v on_o the_o sand_n grow_v hard_a and_o make_v one_o solid_a body_n miracle_n have_v be_v often_o invent_v to_o explain_v some_o word_n of_o scripture_n upon_o which_o they_o put_v too_o literal_a a_o sense_n of_o which_o the_o holy_a writer_n never_o so_o much_o as_o dream_v 3._o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v uneven_a and_o full_a of_o rock_n and_o 8._o and_o see_v theophras_n hist_o of_o plant_n book_n iv_o ch_z 8._o shrub_n can_v not_o give_v a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o chariot_n nay_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o those_o who_o drive_v the_o chariot_n and_o hasten_v to_o pursue_v the_o israelite_n in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o then_o to_o make_v their_o escape_n to_o the_o egyptian_a shore_n not_o to_o encumber_v and_o hinder_v one_o another_o and_o even_o to_o overturn_v their_o chariot_n and_o break_v the_o wheel_n against_o the_o rock_n now_o some_o chariot_n overturn_v or_o break_v be_v sufficient_a to_o disturb_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o it_o can_v go_v but_o slow_o whilst_o their_o rank_n be_v break_v and_o every_o horseman_n endeavour_v to_o go_v fast_o than_o another_o this_o moses_n seem_v to_o teach_v we_o in_o the_o word_n i_o have_v quote_v all_o which_o thing_n i_o have_v mention_v do_v without_o doubt_n hinder_v the_o march_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o chariot_n when_o the_o israelite_n see_v this_o beside_o they_o perhaps_o observe_v that_o the_o wind_n be_v turn_v know_v that_o the_o sea_n will_v present_o flow_v in_o they_o begin_v to_o think_v more_o serious_o of_o make_v their_o escape_n then_o at_o last_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o god_n of_o the_o israelite_n be_v not_o less_o powerful_a in_o the_o sea_n than_o he_o have_v be_v in_o egypt_n so_o that_o condemn_v their_o rashness_n they_o turn_v back_o and_o make_v haste_n to_o the_o egyptian_a shoar_n but_o the_o wave_n break_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v drown_v josephus_n not_o only_o say_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v drive_v on_o the_o egyptian_n by_o the_o wind_n but_o also_o that_o there_o arise_v at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o violent_a storm_n which_o perhaps_o he_o learn_v from_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n of_o his_o time_n the_o egyptian_n add_v that_o their_o ancestor_n be_v force_v to_o come_v home_o and_o leave_v off_o pursue_v the_o israelite_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o storm_n as_o it_o appear_v from_o justin_n book_n 26._o ch._n 2._o but_o moses_n say_v that_o they_o all_o perish_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o escape_v to_o bring_v the_o news_n of_o their_o calamity_n from_o whence_o one_o may_v observe_v by_o the_o bye_n that_o josephus_n omit_v that_o part_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o egyptian_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o history_n of_o moses_n but_o willing_o allege_v according_a to_o his_o custom_n that_o part_n which_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o viii_o if_o the_o history_n of_o manetho_n and_o of_o some_o other_o who_o write_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v extant_a we_o may_v
history_n matter_n be_v thus_o no_o one_o will_v doubt_v that_o the_o law_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o exodus_fw-la leviticus_n number_n and_o deuteronomy_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n '_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o law_n which_o be_v write_v in_o moses_n time_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o josiah_n as_o it_o appear_v from_o 2_o king_n 22._o nor_o can_v any_o tolerable_a reason_n be_v assign_v why_o they_o be_v not_o incorporate_v at_o least_o into_o the_o book_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n therefore_o whatever_o law_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pentateuch_n we_o ought_v to_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n himself_o and_o consequent_o the_o great_a part_n by_o much_o of_o the_o pentateuch_n come_v from_o the_o same_o hand_n nay_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o several_a other_o thing_n be_v write_v by_o he_o second_o moses_n be_v say_v deut._n 31.22_o to_o have_v write_v the_o song_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o since_o that_o be_v set_v down_o word_n for_o word_n as_o he_o make_v it_o we_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o rest_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o moses_n without_o oppose_v the_o plain_a truth_n imaginable_a three_o he_o be_v in_o express_a term_n say_v to_o have_v write_v some_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o hebrew_n for_o he_o transmit_v in_o write_v the_o war_n against_o the_o amalekite_n and_o god_n sentence_n pronounce_v against_o they_o exod._n 17.14_o after_o the_o like_a manner_n he_o write_v the_o several_a mansion_n of_o the_o israelite_n in_o the_o wilderness_n numb_a 33.2_o moses_n write_v their_o go_n out_o according_a to_o their_o journey_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o that_o part_n of_o their_o history_n which_o we_o find_v in_o that_o chapter_n of_o number_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a a_o consequence_n as_o to_o be_v write_v before_o the_o rest_n from_o whence_o it_o natural_o follow_v that_o the_o four_o last_o book_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n at_o least_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n for_o if_o he_o write_v all_o the_o law_n and_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o israel_n he_o be_v certain_o the_o author_n of_o these_o book_n wherein_o nothing_o else_o be_v contain_v for_o who_o after_o moses_n have_v once_o write_v will_v attempt_v to_o write_v and_o model_n they_o anew_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o frequent_a repetition_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o these_o book_n and_o the_o great_a disorder_n in_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o law_n we_o shall_v soon_o be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o these_o book_n be_v come_v to_o our_o hand_n just_a as_o they_o be_v at_o several_a time_n first_o write_v by_o moses_n in_o that_o long_a uncomfortable_a pilgrimage_n in_o arabia_n deserta_fw-la for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v compile_v out_o of_o moses's_fw-fr memoirs_fw-fr they_o have_v certain_o be_v digest_v into_o better_a order_n and_o all_o the_o repetition_n have_v be_v cut_v off_o as_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o work_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o if_o we_o except_v a_o few_o passage_n they_o have_v descend_v to_o posterity_n just_a as_o they_o be_v publish_v at_o first_o when_o a_o full_a collection_n be_v make_v of_o all_o that_o moses_n write_v and_o at_o several_a time_n repeat_v to_o the_o israelite_n who_o after_o all_o these_o repetition_n do_v scarce_o understand_v their_o own_o law_n sufficient_o but_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o age_n a_o certain_a author_n that_o shall_v be_v nameless_a start_v up_o who_o opinion_n afterward_o find_v some_o disciple_n and_o these_o have_v be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o deny_v that_o moses_n be_v the_o writer_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n and_o pretend_v to_o show_v several_a passage_n in_o he_o which_o be_v manifest_o write_v since_o his_o time_n abenezra_a indeed_o have_v former_o deliver_v himself_o much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o word_v it_o so_o wary_o and_o obscure_o that_o he_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v understand_v now_o we_o will_v here_o consider_v their_o reason_n iii_o their_o argument_n be_v partly_o draw_v from_o the_o style_n of_o the_o whole_a book_n and_o partly_o from_o particular_a place_n as_o for_o the_o former_a they_o pretend_v that_o the_o difference_n of_o style_n which_o be_v easy_o observe_v in_o the_o pentateuch_n plain_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o write_v by_o one_o hand_n for_o some_o place_n be_v write_v in_o a_o short_a compendious_a style_n full_a of_o ellipse_n and_o other_o in_o a_o loose_a redundant_fw-la one_o but_o this_o objection_n soon_o vanish_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o variety_n we_o find_v in_o these_o volume_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o unrefined_a condition_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n than_o any_o diversity_n of_o writer_n other_o object_n that_o moses_n never_o speak_v of_o himself_o in_o the_o pentateuch_n in_o the_o first_o person_n but_o that_o all_o his_o action_n and_o speech_n be_v relate_v in_o the_o three_o but_o these_o people_n be_v easy_o confute_v by_o the_o example_n of_o xenophon_n caesar_n and_o josephus_n and_o other_o historian_n of_o the_o first_o class_n who_o whenever_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o themselves_o always_o do_v it_o in_o the_o three_o person_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o solve_v some_o argument_n that_o be_v draw_v from_o several_a place_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n although_o some_o of_o they_o i_o must_v own_o be_v trivial_a enough_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o examine_v they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o object_v that_o passage_n in_o gen._n 2.11_o 12._o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o be_v pison_n that_o be_v it_o which_o compass_v the_o whole_a land_n of_o havilah_n where_o there_o be_v gold_n and_o the_o gold_n of_o that_o land_n be_v good_a there_o be_v bdellium_n and_o the_o onyx-stone_n now_o this_o they_o say_v be_v write_v by_o one_o that_o live_v in_o chaldea_n because_o pison_n as_o they_o imagine_v be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o euphrates_n which_o after_o it_o have_v wash_v chaldea_n fall_v into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o then_o the_o geography_n of_o these_o country_n according_a to_o they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o moses_n time_n that_o so_o particular_a a_o account_n can_v be_v give_v of_o they_o especial_o if_o we_o consider_v at_o what_o a_o great_a distance_n they_o lay_v but_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o country_n of_o name_n of_o bochart_n l._n 5._o c._n 5._o hieroz_n part_n 2._o suppose_n the_o land_n of_o havilan_n to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o arabia_n near_o catipha_n and_o bahare_n where_o precious_a stone_n be_v dug_n up_o and_o the_o pison_n to_o be_v that_o branch_n of_o the_o euphrates_n which_o petrus_n texeira_n a_o eye-witness_n affirm_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n at_o catipha_n near_o bahare_n but_o our_o author_n place_n havilah_n near_o to_o judea_n not_o far_o from_o coelesyria_n in_o 1_o sam._n 15.7_o saul_n be_v say_v to_o have_v destroy_v the_o amalekite_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n from_o havilah_n until_o thou_o come_v to_o sur_n that_o be_v over_o against_o egypt_n now_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o saul_n march_v with_o his_o force_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o german_a mile_n for_o so_o much_o it_o be_v at_o least_n from_o the_o frontier_n of_o israel_n to_o havilah_n in_o bochart_n own_o table_n especial_o if_o he_o consider_v how_o destitute_a of_o all_o provision_n arabia_n deserta_fw-la be_v and_o that_o saul_n army_n consist_v of_o 200000_o fight_n men._n beside_o if_o havilah_n have_v be_v more_o remote_a than_o sur_n the_o sacred_a historian_n will_v not_o have_v say_v that_o saul_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o the_o amalekite_n from_o havilah_n to_o sur_n but_o from_o sur_n to_o havilah_n therefore_o sur_n and_o havilah_n he_o conclude_v to_o be_v the_o border_n of_o those_o people_n the_o former_a to_o the_o south_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o the_o north._n as_o for_o the_o pison_n he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o some_o footstep_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o chrysorrhous_n which_o rise_v near_o the_o city_n of_o damascus_n plentiful_o supply_v it_o with_o water_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n whole_o lose_v in_o several_a little_a stream_n as_o strabo_n l._n 16._o and_o pliny_n l._n 5._o c._n 18._o tell_v we_o petrus_n belonius_a observat_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 91._o say_v that_o damascus_n be_v so_o abundant_o furnish_v with_o water_n from_o this_o river_n that_o not_o only_o every_o private_a house_n but_o every_o garden_n have_v a_o fountain_n out_o of_o it_o now_o this_o description_n admirable_o agree_v with_o the_o hebrew_n word_n phison_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o hebrew_n root_n phasha_n diffusus_fw-la fuit_fw-la the_o greek_n call_v it_o chrysorrhoas_n because_o of_o the_o gold_n sands_n find_v
innocent_a shall_v be_v save_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o sinner_n second_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o live_a creature_n be_v destroy_v the_o place_n must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o those_o animal_n that_o be_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o overflow_v country_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o answer_n of_o vossius_fw-la but_o of_o dr._n stillingfleet_n nay_o from_o what_o have_v already_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o word_n all_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o it_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o moysaicall_a narration_n to_o suppose_v that_o not_o all_o but_o many_o animal_n and_o especial_o such_o as_o be_v in_o a_o more_o particular_a manner_n serviceable_a to_o mankind_n be_v destroy_v three_o noah_n tarry_v in_o the_o ark_n till_o the_o water_n be_v dry_v up_o because_o it_o will_v be_v more_o convenient_a for_o he_o to_o set_v foot_v in_o a_o country_n which_o he_o be_v former_o acquaint_v with_o and_o which_o be_v free_a from_o wild_a beast_n than_o in_o a_o unknown_a place_n full_a of_o savage_a creature_n no_o doubt_n on_o it_o but_o the_o soil_n be_v sufficient_o damage_v by_o the_o stagnation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o mesopotamia_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v water_v by_o vast_a noble_a river_n receive_v less_o detriment_n from_o the_o salt_n water_n than_o other_o that_o be_v destitute_a of_o fresh_a stream_n so_o that_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v they_o recover_v their_o former_a fertility_n in_o a_o short_a space_n four_o the_o high_a mountain_n that_o be_v cover_v to_o so_o vast_a a_o height_n by_o the_o flood_n be_v those_o which_o be_v situate_a in_o these_o country_n beyond_o which_o mankind_n be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n propagate_v nor_o do_v that_o addition_n under_o heaven_n oblige_v we_o to_o believe_v the_o contrary_a since_o it_o be_v sometime_o use_v of_o a_o few_o neighbour_a country_n as_o deut._n 2.25_o on_o that_o day_n will_v i_o begin_v to_o send_v the_o fear_n and_o terror_n of_o thou_o through_o the_o people_n under_o all_o the_o heaven_n sub_fw-la omni_fw-la coelo_fw-la have_v thus_o consider_v what_o may_v be_v say_v in_o behalf_n of_o this_o opinion_n against_o the_o former_a it_o now_o remain_v to_o be_v inquire_v how_o far_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n the_o deluge_n may_v extend_v but_o since_o we_o do_v not_o know_v what_o country_n be_v then_o inhabit_v what_o man_n dare_v presume_v to_o define_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o flood_n perhaps_o that_o tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o four_o sea_n the_o persian_a the_o caspian_a the_o euxine_a and_o the_o syrian_a in_o which_o compass_n we_o find_v the_o tigris_n the_o euphrates_n and_o several_a other_o vast_a river_n be_v by_o the_o eruption_n of_o all_o water_n and_o by_o the_o cloud_n gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o there_o condense_v into_o moisture_n bury_v and_o overflow_v it_o be_v true_a this_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v without_o a_o miracle_n but_o then_o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o solve_v the_o difficulty_n of_o so_o great_a a_o cataclysm_n without_o a_o miracle_n however_o the_o less_o and_o few_o of_o this_o kind_a we_o suppose_v provide_v the_o rest_n may_v be_v convenient_o explain_v that_o exposition_n use_v to_o be_v account_v the_o most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n by_o all_o interpreter_n because_o god_n be_v never_o so_o prodigal_a of_o miracle_n as_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o they_o where_o natural_a cause_n be_v sufficient_a much_o less_o do_v he_o violate_v and_o overturn_v all_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o nature_n without_o good_a reason_n in_o this_o very_a history_n we_o find_v that_o god_n be_v please_v to_o give_v noah_n notice_n when_o it_o be_v time_n for_o he_o to_o go_v into_o the_o ark_n because_o he_o can_v scarce_o know_v it_o of_o himself_o but_o he_o do_v not_o tell_v he_o the_o time_n when_o he_o be_v to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o but_o leave_v the_o matter_n whole_o to_o his_o own_o discretion_n because_o he_o may_v very_o well_o know_v it_o without_o the_o divine_a assistance_n he_o may_v if_o it_o have_v so_o please_v hâ—â—_n have_v preserve_v all_o the_o animal_n in_o the_o ark_n alive_a without_o any_o aliment_n which_o have_v make_v the_o ark_n considerable_o light_a and_o have_v save_v noah_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n and_o yet_o we_o see_v he_o do_v not_o do_v it_o because_o these_o creature_n may_v be_v supply_v with_o food_n by_o humane_a diligence_n where_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n cease_v there_o the_o divine_a help_n begin_v and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la thus_o the_o favourer_n of_o a_o particular_a deluge_n support_v their_o opinion_n but_o it_o have_v be_v object_v against_o they_o that_o if_o this_o supposition_n be_v true_a the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o have_v be_v perfect_o spherical_a and_o consequent_o that_o the_o ark_n in_o this_o great_a declivity_n must_v necessary_o incline_v to_o the_o low_a place_n but_o as_o vossius_fw-la have_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o which_o happen_v in_o lesser_a inundation_n the_o same_o may_v fall_v out_o in_o this_o great_a and_o more_o than_o natural_a deluge_n for_o the_o same_o power_n which_o drive_v the_o sea_n and_o cloud_n to_o that_o tract_n of_o earth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v do_v likewise_o sustain_v the_o ark_n and_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o water_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o it_o dissertation_n vi_o concern_v the_o confusion_n of_o language_n i._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v of_o one_o lip_n ii_o and_o let_v we_o make_v ourselves_o a_o name_n iii_o who_o be_v denote_v by_o the_o child_n of_o men._n iu._n this_o passage_n let_v we_o go_v down_o examine_v v._o the_o different_a opinion_n how_o the_o confusion_n be_v effect_v vi_o that_o the_o design_n of_o babel_n may_v be_v foolish_a but_o be_v not_o impious_a some_o conjecture_n why_o god_n think_v fit_a to_o blast_v it_o i._o before_o this_o wonderful_a confusion_n happen_v at_o babel_n the_o sacred_a historian_n express_o tell_v we_o gen._n 11.1_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v of_o one_o lip_n and_o of_o the_o same_o word_n or_o as_o we_o have_v translate_v it_o of_o one_o language_n and_o of_o one_o speech_n because_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o word_n lip_n both_o here_o and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n signify_v speech_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v because_o the_o lip_n be_v no_o less_o serviceable_a to_o we_o in_o speak_v than_o the_o tongue_n itself_o see_v isaiah_n 19.18_o no_o one_o doubt_n but_o that_o one_o universal_a language_n be_v speak_v by_o all_o mankind_n at_o this_o time_n but_o whether_o moses_n have_v here_o a_o regard_n to_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v not_o so_o plain_a perhaps_o these_o word_n may_v signify_v that_o man_n live_v in_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n and_o concord_n because_o it_o be_v equal_o necessary_a towards_o the_o building_n of_o any_o city_n that_o man_n shall_v agree_v in_o their_o sentiment_n and_o inclination_n as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o language_n nor_o do_v the_o idiom_n of_o the_o hebrew_n language_n reject_v this_o interpretation_n thus_o for_o instance_n to_o denote_v the_o unanimous_a agreement_n of_o the_o canaanite_n to_o beat_v back_o the_o israelite_n by_o main_a force_n they_o gather_v themselves_o together_o say_v the_o sacred_a history_n joshua_n 9.2_o to_o fight_v with_o joshua_n and_o with_o israel_n with_o one_o mouth_n thus_o likewise_o the_o false_a prophet_n agree_v together_o in_o their_o prediction_n declare_v good_a unto_o the_o king_n with_o one_o mouth_n 1_o king_n 22.13_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o to_o speak_v with_o the_o lip_n of_o another_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o agree_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o above-cited_n place_n of_o isaiah_n in_o that_o day_n shall_v five_o city_n in_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n speak_v the_o lip_n of_o canaan_n and_o swear_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o the_o hebrew_n that_o inhabit_v the_o land_n of_o canaan_n and_o indeed_o the_o word_n vnum_fw-la labium_fw-la &_o una_fw-la verba_fw-la seem_v rather_o to_o signify_v agreement_n of_o mind_n than_o of_o language_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v but_o one_o language_n then_o in_o the_o world_n for_o by_o cadem_fw-la or_o una_fw-la verba_fw-la we_o be_v not_o here_o to_o understand_v the_o same_o sound_n and_o the_o same_o syllable_n but_o voces_fw-la consentientes_fw-la unity_n of_o mind_n solomon_n jarchi_n expound_v it_o the_o same_o design_n ii_o learned_a man_n have_v right_o enough_o observe_v that_o in_o scripture_n to_o make_v one_o self_n a_o name_n be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o get_v one_o self_n a_o fame_n or_o reputation_n in_o which_o sense_n this_o
must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o be_v all_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o sand_n every_o way_n encompass_v it_o which_o may_v so_o much_o the_o more_o easy_o be_v do_v because_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o hot_a country_n use_v to_o divide_v their_o river_n into_o several_a small_a branch_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o field_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o these_o river_n be_v thus_o exhaust_v in_o several_a place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o carry_v their_o water_n to_o the_o sea_n we_o bring_v the_o like_a instance_n of_o chrysorrhoas_n in_o gen._n 2.11_o i_o know_v indeed_o the_o counterfeit_n aristeas_n very_o grave_o tell_v we_o that_o jordan_n carry_v its_o water_n into_o another_o river_n near_o the_o country_n of_o the_o ptolemy_n which_o river_n have_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o sea_n but_o every_o body_n know_v this_o to_o be_v a_o mere_a fiction_n and_o be_v satisfy_v that_o the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n have_v no_o outlet_n but_o to_o return_v to_o moses_n he_o not_o only_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o lower-most_a part_n of_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n be_v well_o water_v but_o he_o compare_v it_o to_o two_o well_o water_v place_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o by_o reason_n it_o receive_v so_o great_a plenty_n of_o water_n be_v exceed_v fruitful_a he_o thus_o describe_v as_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n in_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o zoar._n this_o be_v the_o true_a order_n of_o moses_n word_n which_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v read_v as_o we_o find_v they_o in_o our_o bibles_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hyperbaton_n therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v place_v as_o we_o have_v do_v they_o for_o from_o this_o mountainous_a country_n which_o we_o have_v already_o describe_v out_o of_o josephus_n where_o abraham_n pitch_v his_o tent_n when_o lot_n part_v from_o he_o as_o he_o go_v to_o the_o opposite_a hill_n beyond_o jordan_n by_o zoar_n he_o first_o see_v the_o vale_n of_o jericho_n water_v with_o a_o most_o plentiful_a fountain_n than_o jordan_n and_o callirrhoe_n therefore_o this_o plain_a by_o which_o man_n go_v to_o zoar_v very_o well_o deserve_v to_o be_v call_v well-watered_n a_o example_n of_o the_o like_a perturbation_n of_o the_o word_n we_o find_v in_o genesis_n 25.18_o but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o trajection_n here_o the_o syrian_a interpreter_n publish_v in_o the_o london_n polyglot_n furnish_v we_o with_o another_o convenient_a read_n where_o for_o zoar_v we_o meet_v zoan_n that_o be_v tanis_n mention_v by_o moses_n numb_a 13.23_o and_o psal_n 78.12_o and_o indeed_o to_o describe_v any_o well-watered_n place_n one_o can_v not_o produce_v a_o fit_a instance_n than_o the_o low_a egypt_n and_o particular_o where_o the_o road_n be_v from_o canaan_n to_o tanis_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o abundant_o refresh_v with_o the_o nile_n cut_v into_o several_a branch_n but_o it_o be_v full_a of_o lake_n and_o morass_n to_o confirm_v which_o assertion_n because_o it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o all_o that_o be_v not_o utter_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o chorograpy_a of_o egypt_n i_o will_v only_o allege_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n lib._n 17._o p._n 552._o above_o the_o mendesian_a and_o tanitic_a mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v a_o vast_a lake_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o tanitic_a mouth_n and_o the_o tanitic_a province_n in_o which_o be_v tanis_n a_o famous_a city_n between_o the_o tanitick_a and_o pelusiack_a mouth_n through_o which_o those_o that_o come_v from_o canaan_n to_o these_o place_n must_v travel_v there_o be_v pool_n and_o great_a and_o continue_a morass_n full_a of_o village_n but_o it_o be_v whole_o indifferent_a to_o we_o whether_o lection_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o common_a bibles_n or_o that_o of_o the_o syriac_a interpreter_n the_o reader_n will_v be_v please_v to_o follow_v provide_v he_o remember_v that_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n be_v compare_v to_o the_o low_a egypt_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o well-watered_n pasture_n as_o for_o the_o paradise_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o compare_v we_o can_v say_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o here_o which_o we_o have_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o our_o dissertation_n our_o see_v the_o 12_o dissertation_n annotation_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v pit_n of_o bitumen_n in_o this_o tract_n of_o ground_n as_o moses_n inform_v we_o gen._n 14.10_o where_o after_o he_o have_v relate_v the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o man_n of_o sodom_n the_o valley_n of_o siddim_n say_v he_o be_v full_a of_o slime-pit_n and_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n flee_v and_o be_v there_o destroy_v from_o this_o remarkable_a passage_n we_o gather_v that_o even_o before_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n that_o plenty_n of_o bitumen_n boil_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o be_v use_v to_o be_v get_v which_o be_v dilute_v by_o the_o confluence_n of_o so_o many_o water_n it_o become_v liquid_a as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o pliny_n lib._n 35._o c._n 15._o though_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v thick_o before_o for_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o our_o commentary_n lest_o the_o reader_n shall_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n we_o have_v transcribe_v pliny_n word_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n concern_v bitumen_n out_o of_o other_o author_n bitumen_n say_v he_o which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v a_o mud_n in_o other_o a_o earth_n be_v a_o perfect_a lincus_n or_o mud_n as_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n in_o judaea_n but_o in_o syria_n near_o a_o seaport_n town_n call_v sidon_n it_o be_v a_o earth_n both_o of_o they_o may_v be_v make_v thick_a and_o consistent_a there_o be_v likewise_o a_o sort_n of_o liquid_a bitumen_n as_o that_o which_o come_v from_o zant_n and_o babylon_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v pissasphalson_n from_o the_o likeness_n of_o pitch_n and_o bitumen_n consult_v dioscorides_n lib._n 1._o c._n 99_o &_o 100_o strabo_n in_o abundance_n of_o place_n tell_v we_o that_o bitumen_n be_v get_v both_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o out_o of_o fountain_n these_o be_v his_o word_n lib._n 16._o p._n 511._o great_a quantity_n of_o bitumen_n grow_v in_o babylonia_n of_o which_o eratosthenes_n speak_v after_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o liquid_a bitumen_n which_o they_o call_v naphtha_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o susiane_n the_o dry_a which_o will_v grow_v hard_a in_o babylonia_n a_o well_o of_o which_o stuff_n there_o be_v near_o naphtha_n consult_v likewise_o what_o he_o say_v of_o a_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o apolloniata_n lib._n 7._o p._n 219._o and_o the_o several_a author_n cite_v by_o be_v causaubon_n upon_o that_o place_n but_o as_o moses_n mention_n pit_n of_o bitumen_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n so_o likewise_o do_v herodotus_n l._n 6._o c._n 119._o tell_v we_o of_o a_o pit_n which_o afford_v three_o sort_n of_o thing_n for_o they_o draw_v bitumen_n salt_n and_o oil_n out_o of_o it_o after_o the_o follow_a manner_n it_o be_v draw_v out_o by_o a_o bucket_n with_o half_a a_o bottle_n fasten_v to_o it_o which_o serve_v instead_o of_o a_o pitcher_n this_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o pit_n whatever_o it_o bring_v up_o be_v immediate_o pour_v into_o a_o cistern_n and_o be_v pour_v out_o of_o that_o into_o another_o it_o produce_v three_o several_a thing_n it_o afford_v bitumen_n and_o salt_n present_o etc._n etc._n but_o this_o be_v liquid_a bitumen_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v even_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o cavern_n from_o whence_o the_o babylonian_n have_v it_o dry_a curtius_n lib._n 5._o c._n 1._o there_o be_v a_o cavern_n in_o that_o place_n from_o which_o a_o fountain_n throw_v up_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o bitumen_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o plain_a that_o the_o babylonian_a wall_n of_o mighty_a workmanship_n be_v cement_v with_o the_o bitumen_n of_o this_o fountain_n this_o therefore_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o soil_n this_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n upon_o which_o it_o happen_v as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o see_v that_o as_o the_o ground_n sink_v down_o a_o great_a lake_n of_o bitumen_n spring_v up_o in_o its_o room_n iii_o as_o the_o babylonian_a soil_n be_v wonderful_o fertile_a by_o reason_n it_o be_v irrigate_v by_o the_o euphrates_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n so_o the_o low_a most_o part_n of_o this_o large_a plain_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o equal_a fecundity_n with_o it_o and_o as_o the_o babylonian_n who_o flow_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o plenty_n be_v addict_v to_o all_o sort_n of_o lust_n so_o the_o sodomite_n and_o their_o neighbour_n by_o the_o same_o infirmity_n of_o humane_a
nature_n which_o use_v to_o abuse_v god_n almighty_n gift_n abandon_v themselves_o to_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o wickedness_n as_o moses_n particular_o inform_v we_o gen._n 18_o &_o 19_o after_o man_n be_v satiate_v with_o good_a thing_n say_v philo_n in_o his_o book_n concern_v abraham_n this_o satiety_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o world_n soon_o beget_v wantonness_n if_o we_o may_v take_v cicero_n word_n for_o it_o man_n derive_v their_o manner_n not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o seed_n of_o their_o parent_n as_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o our_o manner_n of_o live_v the_o carthaginian_n be_v not_o bear_v deceitful_a and_o liar_n but_o make_v so_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o their_o harbour_n and_o their_o frequent_a deal_n with_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n the_o desire_n of_o gain_n put_v they_o upon_o the_o art_n of_o trick_v and_o cheat_v the_o genoeses_n inhabit_v a_o hilly_a country_n be_v hard_o and_o clownish_a the_o very_a nature_n of_o their_o soil_n teach_v they_o this_o which_o produce_v nothing_o but_o with_o much_o cultivate_a and_o labour_n the_o campanian_o be_v always_o proud_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a fertility_n of_o their_o land_n the_o plenty_n of_o fruit_n the_o wholesomeness_n and_o beauty_n of_o their_o city_n from_o this_o abundance_n and_o superfluity_n of_o every_o thing_n arise_v that_o pride_n which_o dispose_v these_o people_n to_o demand_v of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n that_o one_o of_o the_o consul_n shall_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o capua_n and_o afterward_o that_o luxury_n which_o help_v to_o ruin_n hannibal_n who_o all_o the_o difficulty_n and_o fatigue_n of_o war_n can_v not_o conquer_v cicero_n argue_v after_o this_o rate_n in_o his_o oration_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la argrario_fw-la deliver_v before_o the_o people_n against_o rullus_n and_o likewise_o in_o another_o which_o he_o speak_v in_o the_o senate-house_n he_o be_v utter_o against_o the_o send_v a_o colony_n to_o that_o place_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o have_v beget_v pride_n and_o cruelty_n all_o which_o thing_n exact_o prove_v true_a in_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n who_o soil_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v this_o by_o the_o by_o be_v not_o unlike_a that_o of_o the_o campanian_o which_o to_o this_o day_n abound_v in_o bitumen_n and_o sulphur_n now_o these_o people_n as_o they_o be_v corrupt_v by_o prosperity_n so_o it_o seem_v adversity_n make_v not_o the_o least_o impression_n upon_o their_o mind_n or_o reform_v their_o manner_n although_o they_o be_v conquer_v by_o the_o etymaeans_n and_o their_o confederate_n which_o affliction_n may_v have_v awaken_v a_o less_o flagitious_a people_n to_o a_o sense_n of_o their_o duty_n yet_o it_o wrought_v not_o any_o good_a effect_n upon_o these_o debauchee_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v deliver_v out_o of_o captivity_n carry_v their_o old_a custom_n and_o vice_n home_n along_o with_o they_o see_v the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n now_o the_o sinfulness_n of_o these_o people_n do_v not_o only_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o they_o be_v give_v to_o uncleanness_n and_o lasciviousness_n as_o appear_v from_o gen._n ch_z 19_o but_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o wickedness_n certain_o the_o debauchery_n of_o that_o place_n can_v admit_v of_o no_o new_a accession_n but_o be_v already_o arrive_v to_o its_o height_n where_o they_o can_v think_v of_o abuse_v stranger_n after_o so_o abominable_a a_o manner_n therefore_o josephus_n deserve_o begin_v this_o history_n with_o the_o follow_a word_n the_o sodomite_n wax_v proud_a for_o their_o riches_n and_o wealth_n grow_v contumelious_a towards_o man_n and_o impious_a towards_o god_n so_o that_o they_o be_v whole_o unmindful_a of_o the_o favour_n they_o receive_v from_o he_o they_o hate_v stranger_n and_o burn_v in_o mutual_a lust_n with_o one_o another_o hence_o we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o prophet_n the_o proverbial_a appellation_n of_o wicked_a man_n be_v that_o of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n thus_o isaiah_n call_v the_o people_n of_o jerusalem_n ch_n 1.10_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n you_o prince_n of_o sodom_n listen_v to_o the_o law_n of_o your_o god_n you_o people_n of_o gomorrah_n see_v likewise_o ezekiel_n 16.46_o &_o seqq._n iu._n and_o therefore_o the_o divine_a justice_n offend_v at_o these_o horrid_a enormity_n resolve_v utter_o to_o destroy_v some_o city_n situate_v in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n which_o moses_n relate_v to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o lord_n rain_v upon_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n brimstone_n and_o fire_n from_o the_o lord_n out_o of_o heaven_n and_o he_o overthrow_v those_o city_n and_o all_o the_o plain_a and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o that_o which_o grow_v upon_o the_o ground_n gen._n 19.24_o 25._o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o this_o whole_a tract_n of_o land_n be_v full_a of_o bitumen_n which_o as_o it_o will_v easy_o take_v fire_n be_v soon_o kindle_v by_o the_o lightning_n and_o the_o flame_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o frequent_o happen_v in_o such_o place_n without_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o so_o pierce_v into_o the_o subterranean_a vein_n of_o brimstone_n and_o bitumen_n that_o that_o matter_n be_v destroy_v the_o whole_a earth_n sink_v down_o and_o offord_v a_o receptacle_n to_o the_o water_n flow_v thither_o all_o which_o particular_n we_o will_v now_o endeavour_v to_o handle_v more_o copious_o and_o to_o illustrate_v by_o other_o example_n first_o though_o moses_n only_o mention_n two_o city_n which_o god_n destroy_v by_o lightning_n namely_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n yet_o there_o be_v two_o more_o destroy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n adma_n and_o zeboim_n which_o lie_v near_o the_o two_o abovementioned_a city_n as_o appear_v from_o chapter_n 14.2_o nay_o moses_n himself_o affirm_v as_o much_o deut._n 29.23_o where_o take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v the_o punishment_n with_o which_o god_n will_v visit_v the_o wicked_a israelite_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o stranger_n as_o they_o travel_v that_o way_n shall_v gaze_v upon_o their_o land_n burn_v up_o with_o brimstone_n and_o salt_n in_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o sow_v nor_o shall_v any_o thing_n grow_v nor_o any_o herb_n appear_v as_o in_o the_o destruction_n of_o sodom_n gomorrah_n adma_n and_o zeboim_n which_o the_o lord_n overthrow_v in_o his_o anger_n and_o wrath._n see_v likewise_o hosea_n 11.8_o now_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o two_o last_o city_n be_v omit_v seem_v to_o be_v because_o perhaps_o the_o king_n of_o these_o place_n be_v tributary_n to_o those_o of_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n strabo_n indeed_o in_o his_o sixteenth_o book_n do_v not_o mention_v that_o only_o four_o city_n be_v subvert_v by_o this_o subterranean_a fire_n but_o thirteen_o but_o perhaps_o he_o may_v be_v deceive_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o well_o as_o he_o be_v in_o believe_v that_o the_o lacus_n serbonis_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o asphaltites_n .._o perhaps_o to_o nine_o other_o small_a town_n which_o depend_v upon_o these_o four_o be_v destroy_v at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o ezekiel_n do_v not_o only_o make_v mention_n of_o sodom_n but_o its_o daughter_n chap._n 16._o that_o be_v the_o city_n that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o same_o province_n as_o i_o live_v say_v the_o lord_n god_n to_o jerusalem_n thy_o sister_n sodom_n and_o the_o daughter_n thereof_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n which_o it_o have_v build_v around_o it_o or_o else_o send_v colony_n into_o have_v not_o do_v as_o thou_o and_o thy_o daughter_n have_v do_v it_o may_v not_o improbable_o be_v suppose_v that_o strabo_n a_o man_n of_o great_a diligence_n and_o infinite_a read_n may_v have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o these_o city_n from_o some_o writer_n of_o the_o phoenician_n history_n second_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v rain_v down_o fire_n and_o brimstone_n from_o the_o lord_n which_o be_v a_o periphrasis_n for_o lightning_n as_o in_o psalm_n 9_o ver_fw-la 6._o he_o will_v rain_v whirlwind_n upon_o the_o wicked_a fire_n and_o brimstone_n and_o ezekiel_n 38.22_o i_o will_v punish_v he_o with_o pestilence_n and_o blood_n a_o mighty_a shower_n stone_n of_o hail_o fire_n and_o brimstone_n will_v i_o rain_v down_o upon_o he_o now_o thunder_n be_v therefore_o call_v fire_n and_o brimstone_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v brimstone_n set_v on_o fire_n and_o light_v so_o in_o the_o three_o of_o genesis_n v._o 16._o we_o find_v pain_n and_o conception_n that_o be_v pain_n which_o follow_v conception_n he_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o see_v more_o example_n
of_o this_o nature_n let_v he_o consult_v h._n grotius_n upon_o john_n 3.5_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o thunder_n be_v thus_o describe_v no_o one_o certain_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o have_v either_o smell_v those_o place_n that_o have_v be_v strike_v by_o thunder_n or_o have_v read_v what_o learned_a man_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v only_o give_v myself_o the_o trouble_n to_o set_v down_o two_o or_o three_o testimony_n thunder_z and_o lightning_n likewise_o say_v pliny_n lib._n 35._o c._n 15._o have_v the_o smell_v of_o brimstone_n and_o the_o very_a light_n or_o flame_n of_o they_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o seneca_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a question_n ch_n 21._o tell_v we_o that_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v strike_v by_o lightning_n have_v a_o sulphureous_a smell_n and_o indeed_o our_o natural_a philosopher_n have_v plain_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o thunderbolt_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n for_o this_o persius_n in_o his_o second_o satire_n call_v it_o sulphus_n sacrum_n ignovisse_fw-la putas_fw-la quia_fw-la cum_fw-la tonet_fw-la ocyus_fw-la ilex_fw-la sulphur_n discutitur_fw-la sacro_fw-la quam_fw-la túque_fw-la domúsque_fw-la on_o the_o other_o hand_n because_o the_o thunderbolt_n be_v of_o a_o sulphureous_a nature_n the_o greek_n seem_v to_o have_v call_v brimstone_n in_o their_o language_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v divine_a by_o a_o proper_a name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o come_v from_o god_n now_o god_n be_v not_o bare_o say_v to_o have_v rain_v down_o brimstone_n and_o fire_n but_o brimstone_n and_o fire_n from_o the_o lord_n where_o the_o addition_n of_o from_o the_o lord_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v superfluous_a do_v more_o particular_o describe_v the_o thunderbolt_n which_o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o other_o nation_n be_v frequent_o call_v the_o fire_n of_o god_n and_o fire_n from_o god_n thus_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o king_n c._n 1._o v._n 12._o the_o fire_n of_o god_n come_v down_o from_o heaven_n and_o devour_v he_o see_v likewise_o job_n 1._o v._o 16._o isaiah_n use_v the_o same_o expression_n c._n 66._o v._n 16._o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o lord_z after_o this_o manner_n the_o latin_a poet_n speak_v herein_o intimate_v the_o grecian_n as_o ovid._n met._n l._n 15._o jamque_fw-la opus_fw-la exegi_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la jovis_n ira_fw-la nec_fw-la ignes_fw-la nec_fw-la poterit_fw-la ferrum_fw-la nec_fw-la edax_fw-la abolere_fw-la vetustas_fw-la statius_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o thebais_n ilicet_fw-la igne_fw-la jovis_n lapsisque_fw-la citatior_fw-la astris_fw-la tristibus_fw-la exiluit_fw-la ripis_fw-la because_o man_n have_v no_o power_n over_o these_o kind_n of_o meteor_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o by_o any_o contrivance_n to_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o cloud_n therefore_o god_n be_v suppose_v to_o dwell_v there_o and_o to_o cast_v his_o dart_n from_o thence_o although_o he_o be_v equal_o present_a in_o all_o place_n and_o do_v not_o send_v his_o thunderbolt_n for_o any_o peculiar_a reason_n three_o though_o moses_n do_v not_o inform_v we_o after_o what_o manner_n the_o thunderbolt_n subvert_v these_o unhappy_a city_n and_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n yet_o since_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o they_o we_o can_v comprehend_v how_o it_o happen_v any_o otherwise_o than_o that_o the_o thunderbolt_n fall_v in_o great_a plenty_n upon_o some_o pit_n of_o bitumen_n the_o vein_n of_o that_o combustible_a matter_n take_v fire_n immediate_o and_o as_o the_o fire_n penetrate_v into_o the_o lowermost_a bowel_n of_o this_o bituminous_a soil_n these_o wicked_a city_n be_v subvert_v by_o a_o tremor_n and_o sink_v down_o of_o the_o ground_n we_o will_v not_o here_o enlarge_v how_o easy_o naphtha_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o liquid_a bitumen_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n the_o reader_n may_v at_o his_o leisure_n consult_v what_o strabo_n l._n 16._o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n and_o pliny_n l._n 2._o c._n 105._o have_v say_v upon_o this_o subject_a perhaps_o in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o delicious_a plain_n which_o be_v overthrow_v there_o be_v only_o the_o thick_a bitumen_n but_o even_o the_o very_a vapour_n of_o that_o matter_n which_o exhale_v from_o ground_n impregnate_v with_o it_o be_v easy_o set_v on_o fire_n in_o lycia_n the_o hephoestian_a mountain_n if_o you_o do_v but_o touch_v they_o with_o a_o light_a torch_n immediate_o take_v fire_n so_o that_o the_o very_a stone_n in_o the_o river_n and_o the_o sand_n in_o the_o water_n burn_v if_o you_o take_v a_o stick_v out_o of_o these_o water_n and_o draw_v furrow_n upon_o the_o ground_n with_o it_o according_a to_o the_o common_a report_n a_o tract_n of_o fire_n follow_v it_o these_o be_v pliny_n word_n l._n 2._o c._n 106._o there_o be_v a_o small_a hill_n in_o the_o province_n belong_v to_o grenoble_n from_o whence_o a_o smoke_n of_o a_o bituminous_a smell_n be_v perpetual_o see_v to_o proceed_v now_o this_o smoke_n by_o a_o light_a flambeau_n or_o chaff_n be_v soon_o set_v on_o fire_n which_o we_o ourselves_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o ocular_a experience_n in_o that_o lamentable_a earthquake_n which_o in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n 1693._o shake_v all_o sicily_n after_o so_o prodigious_a and_o miserable_a a_o manner_n some_o author_n of_o very_a good_a credit_n have_v assure_v we_o that_o thunderbolt_n fall_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o island_n and_o this_o observation_n be_v not_o unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n for_o seneca_n quoest_n nat._n l._n 2._o c._n 30._o say_v aetna_n have_v sometime_o burn_v exceed_o and_o throw_v up_o a_o wonderful_a quantity_n of_o burn_a sand_n the_o day_n obscure_v by_o the_o smoke_n and_o ash_n so_o that_o the_o people_n be_v terrify_v at_o so_o unexpected_a a_o scence_z of_o darkness_n at_o these_o time_n as_o the_o common_a tradition_n go_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n and_o therefore_o the_o bitumen_n which_o be_v so_o plentiful_o find_v in_o the_o soil_n of_o sodom_n may_v be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o a_o thunderbolt_n and_o since_o it_o flow_v or_o be_v dig_v not_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o vein_n of_o a_o mighty_a depth_n when_o once_o it_o have_v take_v fire_n the_o flame_n must_v of_o necessity_n run_v along_o all_o those_o vein_n and_o at_o last_o shake_v and_o subvert_v the_o ground_n the_o same_o thing_n frequent_o happen_v to_o the_o field_n about_o aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n for_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n innumerable_a author_n have_v write_v of_o the_o soil_n of_o sicily_n but_o justin_n shall_v serve_v for_o all_o who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o four_o book_n thus_o describe_v it_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o thin_a and_o friable_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o several_a cavern_n and_o pipe_n so_o penetrable_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n nay_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v proper_a for_o generate_a and_o nourish_v of_o fire_n because_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v crust_v within_o with_o sulphur_n and_o bitumen_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o when_o the_o wind_n struggle_v with_o the_o fire_n under_o ground_n it_o frequent_o belch_v out_o sometime_o flame_n sometime_o vapour_n and_o sometime_o smoke_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n cornelius_n severus_n prosecute_v this_o argument_n at_o large_a in_o his_o poem_n entitle_v aetna_n the_o same_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v of_o the_o ground_n that_o lie_v about_o the_o vesuvius_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o several_a town_n have_v frequent_o be_v there_o overthrow_v by_o earthquake_n pliny_n the_o young_a in_o the_o 16_o epistle_n l._n 6._o where_o he_o relate_v the_o death_n of_o his_o learned_a uncle_n who_o be_v suffocate_v as_o he_o approach_v too_o near_o the_o fire_n of_o that_o mountain_n the_o house_n say_v he_o with_o frequent_a and_o prodigious_a tremble_n nod_v and_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v from_o their_o foundation_n seem_v to_o move_v this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n and_o seneca_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a question_n ch_n 1._o have_v the_o follow_a passage_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o pompeii_n a_o famous_a city_n of_o campania_n be_v subvert_v by_o a_o earthquake_n this_o concussion_n happen_v on_o the_o five_o the_o which_o be_v our_o five_o nones_n of_o february_n under_o the_o consulate_a of_o regulus_n and_o virginius_n and_o occasion_v incredible_a loss_n in_o campania_n which_o though_o it_o be_v never_o free_a from_o these_o motion_n yet_o it_o seldom_o suffer_v by_o they_o that_o which_o seneca_n tell_v we_o happen_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pompeii_n do_v we_o say_v be_v the_o very_a same_o calamity_n which_o visit_v these_o city_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o
jordan_n nor_o be_v this_o the_o first_o time_n that_o this_o valley_n be_v shake_v as_o the_o territory_n about_o pompeii_n be_v not_o subvert_v the_o very_a first_o time_n it_o shake_v as_o the_o jewish_a author_n affirm_v from_o who_o st._n jerom_n have_v borrow_v what_o follow_v in_o his_o hebrew_a tradition_n it_o be_v frequent_o ask_v say_v he_o why_o lot_n after_o he_o have_v first_o prefer_v segor_n to_o his_o flight_n up_o the_o mountain_n that_o he_o desire_v it_o may_v escape_v because_o he_o design_v to_o live_v there_o shall_v so_o soon_o alter_v his_o mind_n and_o depart_v from_o segor_n to_o the_o mountain_n we_o answer_v that_o the_o conjecture_n of_o the_o hebrew_n concern_v segor_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o truth_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v frequent_o overthrow_v by_o earthquake_n and_o be_v first_o call_v bale_n and_o afterward_o salissa_n and_o therefore_o lot_n be_v afraid_a and_o say_v to_o himself_o if_o while_o the_o other_o city_n be_v stand_v this_o be_v often_o subvert_v how_o can_v it_o now_o expect_v to_o escape_v in_o the_o common_a ruin_n but_o to_o lay_v aside_o these_o uncertain_a tradition_n we_o will_v rather_o observe_v in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o roman_a philosopher_n that_o god_n punish_v the_o sodomite_n and_o their_o neighbour_n by_o a_o calamity_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n which_o have_v not_o only_o destroy_v single_a house_n or_o family_n or_o city_n but_o whole_a nation_n which_o sometime_o bury_v all_o in_o ruin_n and_o sometime_o in_o a_o deep_a gulf_n leave_v no_o remainder_n behind_o it_o by_o which_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o that_o which_o be_v not_o now_o be_v former_o but_o triumph_n over_o the_o most_o magnificent_a city_n and_o be_v not_o so_o merciful_a as_o to_o leave_v any_o footstep_n of_o their_o ancient_a glory_n strabo_n in_o his_o first_o and_o pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n will_v furnish_v we_o with_o several_a example_n of_o this_o nature_n some_o few_o of_o which_o near_o resemble_v the_o destruction_n of_o these_o city_n situate_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n we_o have_v here_o select_v the_o former_a author_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o posidonius_n p._n 40._o that_o in_o phoenicia_n a_o certain_a city_n situate_v above_o sidon_n be_v absorb_v by_o a_o earthquake_n out_o of_o demetrius_n scepsius_n that_o several_a earthquake_n have_v happen_v in_o asia_n minor_n by_o which_o whole_a town_n be_v devour_v and_o the_o mountain_n sipylus_n overthrow_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o tantalas_n and_o marsh_n turn_v into_o stand_a lake_n and_o this_o happen_v at_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o vale_n of_o sodom_n where_o the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o water_n which_o there_o overflow_v nor_o indeed_o can_v it_o otherwise_o happen_v the_o soil_n easy_o give_v way_n in_o marshy_a place_n as_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o p._n 37._o great_a as_o well_o as_o small_a thing_n may_v be_v swallow_v up_o since_o chasm_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o bury_n of_o town_n and_o habitation_n as_o it_o happen_v at_o bara_n bezona_n and_o several_a other_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o earthquake_n pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n ch_n 88_o testify_v that_o the_o mountain_n epopos_n a_o fire_n on_o the_o sudden_a break_v out_o of_o it_o be_v level_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o a_o town_n bury_v in_o the_o deep_a for_o the_o arch_n that_o support_v the_o ground_n break_v in_o and_o the_o matter_n underneath_o be_v whole_o consume_v the_o soil_n above_o must_v of_o necessity_n sink_v and_o be_v swallow_v up_o in_o these_o cavern_n if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v suppose_v in_o seneca_n time_n that_o the_o mountain_n aetna_n consume_v and_o sink_v by_o degree_n because_o the_o sailor_n can_v have_v discern_v it_o far_o off_o in_o former_a time_n see_v his_o 79th_o epistle_n v._o after_o this_o territory_n adjoin_v to_o jordan_n have_v thus_o sink_v in_o it_o must_v unavoidable_o fall_v out_o as_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o water_n run_v to_o this_o place_n in_o so_o great_a a_o abundance_n must_v make_v a_o lake_n of_o that_o place_n which_o be_v marshy_a before_o as_o moses_n inform_v we_o gen._n 14.3_o when_o he_o relate_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n near_o jordan_n meet_v in_o the_o valley_n of_o siddim_n which_o be_v now_o say_v he_o the_o salt_n sea_n by_o which_o name_n as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o observe_v the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n be_v call_v and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a place_n where_o a_o lake_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o earthquake_n we_o find_v from_o the_o abovementioned_a passage_n in_o strabo_n nay_o pliny_n testify_v that_o in_o one_o of_o the_o pythecusae_n not_o only_o a_o town_n be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o deep_a as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v but_o that_o by_o another_o concussion_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o pool_n break_v out_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o 1693._o all_o sicily_n be_v miserable_o shake_v and_o not_o only_o several_a town_n overturn_v but_o the_o city_n augusta_n which_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n in_o the_o year_n 1229._o be_v whole_o swallow_v up_o by_o the_o sea_n if_o to_o these_o water_n perpetual_o run_v into_o it_o we_o add_v the_o bitumen_n which_o at_o once_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o water_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o full_a description_n of_o the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n we_o have_v evident_o show_v that_o all_o that_o country_n abound_v with_o bitumen_n before_o and_o perhaps_o what_o strabo_n affirm_v to_o have_v happen_v at_o eubaea_n fall_v out_o here_o which_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o feel_v shake_v in_o one_o part_n or_o another_o that_o the_o earth_n open_v in_o the_o field_n of_o lelantus_n and_o vomit_v forth_o a_o flood_n of_o fiery_a mud._n after_o this_o manner_n the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v and_o nothing_o can_v be_v object_v against_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o abraham_n do_v not_o perceive_v the_o earthquake_n which_o we_o say_v happen_v in_o this_o place_n for_o moses_n tell_v we_o gen._n 19.27_o that_o he_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o matter_n till_o he_o get_v up_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o go_v to_o the_o mountain_n from_o whence_o he_o see_v the_o smoke_n arise_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o from_o a_o furnace_n but_o beside_o that_o moses_n no_o where_o deny_v that_o abraham_n be_v sensible_a of_o this_o earthquake_n it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o the_o tremble_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a or_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n often_o small_a tract_n of_o ground_n be_v disturb_v as_o seneca_n have_v observe_v quaest_n nat._n l._n 6._o c._n 25._o even_o this_o earthquake_n which_o have_v fill_v the_o city_n with_o so_o many_o dreadful_a stone_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o campania_n why_o shall_v i_o mention_v that_o when_o chalcis_n tremble_v thebes_n stand_v unmolested_a that_o when_o aegium_n be_v every_o moment_n expect_v to_o be_v bury_v in_o ruin_n the_o city_n patrae_n which_o stand_v so_o near_o it_o feel_v nothing_o of_o that_o motion_n that_o prodigious_a concussion_n which_o overwhelm_v two_o city_n buris_n and_o helice_n stop_v on_o this_o side_n of_o aegium_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o plain_a case_n that_o the_o motion_n only_o go_v so_o far_o and_o no_o far_o as_o the_o cavern_n and_o vacant_a space_n in_o the_o earth_n give_v it_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o depth_n or_o breadth_n of_o the_o cavern_n which_o fall_v in_o the_o motion_n must_v be_v hear_v far_a or_o near_o now_o these_o cavern_n seem_v neither_o to_o have_v be_v very_o far_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o broad_a than_o the_o valley_n which_o sink_v in_o since_o four_o city_n with_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o they_o be_v so_o soon_o swallow_v up_o and_o yet_o the_o calamity_n spread_v no_o far_o the_o memory_n of_o this_o strange_a event_n be_v not_o only_o preserve_v among_o the_o hebrew_n who_o afterward_o inhabit_v the_o neighbour_a country_n but_o be_v propogate_v among_o the_o heathen_n strabo_n indeed_o l._n 16._o erroneous_o confound_v this_o lake_n with_o sirbonis_n but_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o relation_n deserve_v to_o be_v hear_v it_o be_v a_o vast_a lake_n the_o compass_n of_o which_o some_o person_n estimate_v to_o be_v a_o thousand_o furlong_n the_o length_n of_o it_o above_o two_o hundred_o josephus_n de_fw-fr bell._n jud._n l._n 4._o c._n 26._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v 580_o furlong_n in_o length_n and_o 150_o in_o breadth_n the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v extreme_o deep_a and_o heavy_a upon_o which_o account_n divers_a be_v of_o no_o use_n there_o for_o whoever_o go_v into_o it_o as_o high_a as_o his_o navel_n be_v immediate_o lift_v up_o it_o be_v full_a of_o bitumen_n
which_o at_o uncertain_a season_n boil_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n with_o bubbel_n like_o hot_a water_n and_o then_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o lake_n swell_v and_o resemble_v the_o rise_n of_o a_o hill_n it_o emit_v vast_a quantity_n of_o smoky_a ash_n that_o deceive_v the_o eyesight_n it_o immediate_o rust_v silver_n and_o brass_n and_o in_o short_a every_o thing_n that_o look_v bright_a and_o polish_a except_o gold_n alone_o when_o their_o utensil_n grow_v rusty_a the_o inhabitant_n know_v that_o a_o eruption_n of_o bitumen_n will_v soon_o happen_v for_o which_o reason_n they_o go_v in_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n make_v of_o reed_n to_o gather_v it_o bitumen_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o earth_n which_o be_v melt_v by_o the_o heat_n spread_v mighty_o but_o with_o a_o little_a cold_a water_n be_v soon_o condense_a again_o into_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o therefore_o need_v incision_n several_n other_o sign_n convince_v we_o that_o in_o the_o soil_n of_o this_o country_n there_o be_v actual_a fire_n for_o they_o show_v we_o rough_a rock_n burn_v up_o near_o mosais_n and_o cavern_n wrought_v out_o in_o several_a place_n the_o earth_n full_a of_o ash_n drop_n of_o pitch_n distil_v from_o the_o rock_n the_o river_n hot_a and_o cast_v forth_o a_o unsavoury_a smell_n and_o their_o house_n frequent_o throw_v down_o so_o that_o what_o the_o native_n of_o the_o place_n relate_v may_v very_o well_o be_v credit_v viz._n that_o thirteen_o city_n be_v former_o inhabit_v in_o this_o tract_n of_o ground_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o sodom_n have_v still_o the_o compass_n of_o sixty_o furlong_n visible_o remain_v that_o by_o earthquake_n together_o with_o violent_a eruption_n of_o fire_n and_o hot_a bituminous_a sulphurous_a water_n a_o great_a lake_n be_v make_v that_o the_o stone_n take_v fire_n that_o some_o of_o the_o city_n be_v swallow_v up_o and_o other_o abandon_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o can_v make_v their_o escape_n erastothenes_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o country_n be_v overwhelm_v by_o store_n of_o subterranean_a pool_n we_o will_v now_o introduce_v tacitus_n to_o confirm_v what_o have_v be_v deliver_v by_o strabo_n who_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o history_n ch_n 6._o a_o lake_n of_o a_o mighty_a compass_n resemble_v a_o sea_n but_o of_o a_o more_o odious_a taste_n and_o for_o the_o noisomness_n of_o the_o smell_v that_o proceed_v from_o it_o often_o fatal_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v neither_o agitate_a by_o the_o wind_n nor_o do_v it_o harbour_v any_o fish_n or_o fowl_n accustom_v to_o the_o water_n at_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n it_o throw_v up_o bitumen_n the_o use_n of_o gather_v which_o experience_n have_v teach_v as_o it_o have_v do_v other_o arts._n not_o far_a from_o thence_o be_v field_n which_o they_o report_v to_o have_v be_v extreme_o fruitful_a in_o former_a time_n and_o inhabit_v by_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n but_o afterward_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o thunder_n bolt_n the_o footstep_n of_o which_o calamity_n be_v still_o remain_v but_o that_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v parch_v and_o burn_v up_o have_v whole_o lose_v its_o fertility_n for_o every_o thing_n whether_o it_o grow_v spontanious_o or_o be_v plant_v by_o man_n whether_o herb_n or_o flower_n or_o arrive_v to_o full_a maturity_n if_o compress_v moulder_n away_o immediate_o into_o ash_n therefore_o as_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o some_o famous_a city_n be_v here_o destroy_v by_o lightning_n in_o time_n past_a so_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v infect_v by_o steam_n from_o the_o lake_n and_o the_o circum-ambient_a air_n corrupt_v which_o putrify_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o lake_n likewise_o have_v be_v describe_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n l._n 19_o by_o pliny_n l._n 5._o c._n 16._o and_o by_o solinus_n c._n 36._o who_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o think_v fit_a may_v consult_v when_o he_o please_v we_o will_v not_o here_o examine_v the_o particular_n they_o relate_v although_o we_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o abundance_n of_o false_a report_n have_v be_v utter_v upon_o this_o subject_a we_o will_v only_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o several_a name_n it_o go_v by_o with_o all_o convenient_a brevity_n every_o one_o know_v wherefore_o it_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o asphaltites_n since_o it_o so_o plentiful_o abound_v in_o asphaltus_n or_o bitumen_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v frequent_o call_v the_o salt_n sea_n in_o scripture_n be_v because_o the_o hebrew_n call_v all_o lake_n sea_n and_o because_o two_o other_o lake_n viz._n that_o of_o semechon_n and_o genesareth_n receive_v the_o river_n jordan_n in_o his_o passage_n above_o both_o which_o be_v fresh_a water_n therefore_o this_o three_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o they_o be_v call_v the_o salt_n sea_n otherwise_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v likewise_o salt_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o the_o saltness_n in_o succeed_a time_n it_o be_v call_v the_o dead_a sea_n not_o because_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v immovable_a as_o justin_n pretend_v l._n 36.3_o but_o because_o as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v it_o have_v no_o fish_n in_o it_o the_o abovementioned_a writer_n that_o give_v a_o description_n of_o this_o lake_n confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o josephus_n to_o who_o we_o will_v add_v two_o eye-witness_n first_o pausanias_n who_o in_o his_o five_o book_n express_o tell_v we_o he_o see_v the_o river_n jordan_n which_o run_v through_o the_o lake_n of_o tiberias_n fall_v into_o another_o lake_n call_v the_o dead_a sea_n by_o who_o it_o be_v consume_v and_o afterward_o add_v this_o lake_n be_v void_a of_o fish_n who_o turn_v back_o to_o their_o accustom_a water_n as_o from_o a_o manifest_a danger_n the_o second_o be_v st._n jerome_n who_o upon_o the_o 47th_o chapter_n of_o ezekiel_n if_o jordan_n say_v he_o swell_v by_o the_o rain_n carry_v any_o fish_n into_o it_o they_o immediate_o die_v and_o float_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fat_a water_n vi_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o lake_n now_o let_v we_o proceed_v to_o say_v something_o of_o its_o bank_n and_o the_o circumjacent_a country_n beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o relate_v of_o it_o by_o the_o by_o josephus_n speak_v of_o the_o territory_n about_o sodom_n thus_o express_v himself_o near_o this_o lake_n say_v he_o be_v sodomitis_n former_o a_o delicious_a and_o fertile_a land_n and_o famous_a for_o the_o riches_n of_o its_o city_n but_o now_o whole_o burn_v up_o after_o this_o he_o go_v on_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n so_o that_o you_o will_v rather_o think_v that_o tacitus_n or_o any_o pagan_a author_n speak_v rather_o than_o josephus_n the_o report_v run_v that_o for_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v destroy_v by_o thunderbolt_n indeed_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o divine_a fire_n and_o the_o resemblance_n of_o five_o city_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o sight_n of_o which_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o story_n that_o be_v tell_v of_o the_o country_n about_o sodom_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n philo_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o second_o book_n concern_v the_o life_n of_o moses_n the_o monument_n of_o that_o unspeakable_a destruction_n be_v to_o this_o day_n show_v in_o syria_n ruin_n ash_n brimstone_n smoak_n and_o a_o slender_a small_a flame_n still_o break_v forth_o certain_a indication_n of_o fire_n st._n judas_n in_o the_o seven_o verse_n of_o his_o epistle_n seem_v to_o have_v his_o eye_n upon_o this_o where_o he_o say_v that_o sodom_n and_o gomorrah_n and_o the_o neighbour_a city_n be_v propose_v as_o a_o spectacle_n bear_v the_o punishment_n of_o everlasting_a fire_n this_o fire_n which_o for_o so_o many_o age_n be_v feed_v by_o the_o bituminous_a matter_n and_o perhaps_o still_o continue_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thus_o pliny_n l._n 2._o c._n 106._o say_v that_o the_o mountain_n chimaera_n in_o phaselis_n burn_v night_n and_o day_n with_o a_o immortal_a flame_n after_o ctesias_n who_o have_v use_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o same_o signification_n in_o greek_a diogenes_n laertius_n l._n 8._o §_o 75._o thus_o speak_v to_o empedocles_n who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v throw_v himself_o headlong_o into_o aetna_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thou_o have_v drink_v fire_n out_o of_o immortal_a cup_n learned_a man_n be_v mistake_v who_o imagine_v that_o this_o fire_n which_o burn_v down_o the_o city_n of_o this_o famous_a valley_n be_v therefore_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v a_o figure_n of_o eternity_n or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o extinguish_v till_o it_o have_v destroy_v every_o thing_n for_o it_o flame_v long_o after_o that_o and_o both_o interpretation_n
before_o i_o show_v how_o far_o the_o power_n of_o god_n be_v concern_v in_o this_o matter_n i'llenquire_v into_o what_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o power_n of_o second_o cause_n and_o then_o i_o will_v show_v what_o what_o god_n himself_o do_v towards_o it_o and_o what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o second_o cause_n last_o i_o shall_v answer_v the_o objection_n of_o our_o adversary_n iii_o god_n speak_v thus_o to_o moses_n exod._n 14.16_o but_o lift_v up_o thy_o rod_n and_o stretch_v out_o thy_o hand_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o divide_v it_o and_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n shall_v go_v on_o dry_a ground_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o appear_v from_o verse_n 20_o 21._o that_o moses_n receive_v those_o order_n towards_o the_o evening_n then_o moses_n obey_v god_n order_n smite_v the_o sea_n but_o it_o be_v not_o present_o divide_v for_o thus_o we_o find_v verse_n 21._o and_o moses_n stretch_v out_o his_o hand_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o lord_n cause_v the_o sea_n to_o go_v back_o by_o a_o strong_a wind_n all_o the_o night_n and_o make_v the_o sea_n dry_a land_n and_o the_o water_n be_v divide_v when_o therefore_o moses_n smite_v the_o sea_n there_o arise_v a_o strong_a wind_n which_o divide_v the_o water_n by_o degree_n for_o moses_n himself_o say_v that_o the_o wind_n drive_v back_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n all_o that_o night_n that_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o night_n for_o the_o egyptian_n be_v already_o go_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o israelite_n in_o the_o morning_n watch_n as_o he_o say_v v._o 24._o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o hebrew_n divide_v the_o night_n into_o three_o watch_n which_o be_v so_o and_o see_v the_o sacred_a history_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n return_v in_o the_o morning-watch_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o wind_n blow_v almost_o 12_o hour_n together_o from_o sunsetting_a to_o sunrising_n for_o the_o israelite_n depart_v a_o little_a after_o the_o equinox_n of_o the_o spring_n if_o we_o know_v in_o what_o watch_n of_o the_o day_n or_o night_n the_o sea_n cover_v the_o shore_n or_o retire_v from_o they_o we_o may_v explain_v this_o matter_n more_o accurate_o but_o see_v the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o twelve_o hour_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o it_o begin_v to_o go_v back_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n and_o that_o the_o reflux_n be_v hasten_v and_o increase_v by_o a_o strong_a wind_n but_o the_o next_o tide_n be_v slow_a the_o same_o wind_n blow_v still_o and_o keep_v back_o the_o wave_n for_o some_o time_n during_o which_o interval_n of_o time_n the_o israelite_n go_v through_o the_o dry_a channel_n of_o the_o sea-let_a we_o suppose_v for_o example_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v return_v to_o the_o south_n be_v to_o flow_v again_o towards_o the_o north_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o second_o watch_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o wind_n the_o sea_n may_v have_v go_v back_o before_o the_o second_o watch_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o not_o have_v return_v to_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n but_o some_o hour_n late_a so_o that_o the_o israelite_n may_v go_v over_o during_o the_o whole_a second_o watch_z that_o be_v during_o four_o hour_n at_o least_o indeed_o they_o be_v already_o go_v through_o the_o sea_n before_o the_o morning-watch_n in_o which_o all_o the_o egyptian_n go_v into_o the_o channel_n and_o be_v drown_v now_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v how_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n may_v go_v through_o the_o red_a sea_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v two_o thing_n first_o that_o the_o extremity_n of_o that_o gulf_n be_v very_o narrow_a as_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o those_o who_o write_v about_o it_o and_o not_o above_o two_o mile_n broad_a it_o be_v therefore_o no_o difficult_a thing_n for_o the_o israelite_n though_o they_o be_v so_o numerous_a to_o go_v a_o great_a pace_n through_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o few_o hour_n which_o otherwise_o can_v not_o be_v understand_v if_o it_o be_v broad_a from_o whence_o also_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n go_v back_o towards_o the_o south_n leave_v not_o only_o the_o shore_n dry_a but_o its_o very_a channel_n because_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o place_n unless_o it_o be_v deep_a in_o some_o place_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o need_n i_o shall_v prove_v that_o the_o israelite_n go_v through_o it_o at_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o gulf_n see_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o they_o encamp_v as_o it_o be_v describe_v exod._n 14.2_o second_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n the_o israelite_n shall_v run_v away_o in_o battle_n array_n and_o in_o a_o long_a file_n a_o great_a space_n have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o wind_n they_o may_v go_v over_o in_o a_o large_a front_n as_o the_o egyptian_n try_v to_o do_v it_o after_o they_o for_o the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o egyptian_n have_v not_o be_v drown_v if_o few_o of_o they_o have_v go_v together_o see_v those_o that_o be_v beyond_o have_v be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o front_n but_o all_o the_o egyptian_n be_v drown_v not_o one_o except_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o go_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o large_a front_n iu._n but_o i_o must_v consider_v more_o careful_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o blow_v upon_o the_o sea_n exod._n 14.29_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n say_v moses_n walk_v upon_o dry_a land_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o water_n be_v a_o wall_n unto_o they_o on_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o on_o their_o left_a which_o word_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o literal_a sense_n nor_o those_o which_o we_o find_v exod._n 15.8_o with_o the_o blast_n of_o thy_o nostril_n the_o water_n be_v gather_v together_o the_o flood_n stand_v upright_o as_o a_o heap_n and_o the_o depth_n be_v congeal_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o sea_n who_o see_v not_o that_o this_o be_v a_o figurative_a speech_n for_o 1._o god_n blow_v not_o with_o his_o nostril_n nor_o do_v moses_n believe_v he_o do_v who_o teach_v every_o where_o that_o god_n have_v no_o humane_a shape_n 2._o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o heap_n of_o corn_n and_o a_o bulk_n of_o ice_n nor_o can_v the_o drive_v of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o ocean_n be_v compare_v to_o both_o but_o in_o a_o figurative_a sense_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v understand_v in_o a_o proper_a sense_n 3._o have_v the_o water_n be_v congeal_v on_o both_o side_n there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o strong_a wind_n blow_v all_o that_o night_n to_o uphold_v its_o weight_n for_o from_o the_o time_n the_o water_n be_v divide_v and_o congeal_v on_o both_o side_n it_o can_v not_o return_v into_o the_o middle_a channel_n but_o by_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o ice_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o water_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o as_o a_o wall_n unto_o the_o israelite_n because_o they_o can_v not_o go_v through_o it_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o on_o the_o left_a nor_o do_v any_o thing_n hinder_v but_o there_o may_v be_v some_o water_n on_o their_o left_a hand_n in_o deep_a pit_n though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v remove_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n by_o the_o ebb_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o ford_n through_o which_o they_o go_v be_v leave_v dry_a thus_o nahum_n 3.8_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o wall_n to_o the_o city_n of_o no._n be_v thou_o better_a say_v the_o prophet_n than_o populous_a no_o that_o be_v situate_a among_o the_o river_n that_o have_v the_o water_n round_o about_o it_o who_o rampart_n be_v the_o sea_n and_o her_o wall_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n i_o think_v therefore_o that_o such_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n that_o when_o the_o wind_n which_o increase_v its_o ebb_a have_v drive_v all_o the_o water_n except_o that_o which_o remain_v in_o deep_a pit_n from_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o gulf_n towards_o its_o mouth_n there_o appear_v a_o large_a ford_n over_o against_o the_o israelite_n through_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o opposite_a shore_n which_o can_v the_o more_o easy_o happen_v because_o that_o sea_n be_v full_a of_o ford_n when_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a reflux_n then_o ordinary_o those_o ford_n be_v leave_v dry_a though_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o the_o wind_n which_o god_n raise_v drive_v the_o sea_n far_o than_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o or_o have_v be_v since_o
that_o we_o know_v of_o most_o of_o those_o who_o describe_v that_o sea_n say_v that_o it_o be_v fordable_a they_o also_o say_v that_o it_o have_v a_o violent_a ebb_a and_o flow_v p._n belonius_a observe_v book_n ii_o ch_z 67._o speak_v of_o a_o town_n call_v now_o tor_n say_v that_o it_o be_v situate_v on_o a_o high_a place_n for_o the_o sea_n swell_v sometime_o so_o much_o that_o it_o overflow_v the_o field_n and_o surround_v the_o town_n with_o its_o water_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o narrow_a streight_n especial_o when_o it_o reach_v from_o south_n to_o north_n for_o the_o sea_n flow_v from_o the_o south_n through_o a_o narrow_a passage_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o have_v no_o room_n to_o expatiate_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v high_a on_o the_o contrary_a when_o it_o ebb_v it_o must_v of_o necessity_n leave_v many_o ford_n empty_a and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o golph_n almost_o dry_a however_o a_o place_n out_o of_o psalm_n 136._o v._o 13._o may_v be_v object_v against_o my_o hypothesis_n there_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n divide_v the_o red_a sea_n into_o part_n which_o word_n seem_v to_o imply_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v by_o the_o wind_n as_o to_o be_v drive_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o on_o the_o left_a but_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o part_n if_o the_o water_n remain_v on_o both_o side_n though_o it_o be_v not_o heap_v up_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o wind_n for_o the_o water_n which_o return_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v separate_v from_o that_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o northern_a pit_n which_o water_n leave_v in_o those_o pit_n may_v be_v call_v a_o part_n because_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind._n we_o read_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o geneva_n that_o in_o the_o year_n mccccxc_n the_o southwind_n blow_v with_o so_o great_a a_o violence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o rhone_n a_o most_o swift_a river_n flow_v from_o the_o leman_n lake_n to_o the_o south_n stand_v still_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o wind_n may_v increase_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o ebb_a sea_n and_o stop_v its_o impetuosity_n when_o it_o flow_v again_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n mdclxxii_o that_o the_o ebb_a of_o the_o sea_n last_v twelve_o hour_n which_o hinder_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o english_a whether_o this_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n be_v not_o well_o know_v why_o therefore_o can_v not_o the_o ebb_a of_o the_o red_a sea_n last_v long_o than_o it_o usual_o do_v through_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o return_v late_a to_o the_o same_o shore_n v._o have_v thus_o explain_v the_o word_n of_o moses_n which_o concern_v the_o thing_n itself_o it_o will_v not_o be_v needless_a to_o inquire_v from_o what_o part_n of_o heaven_n the_o wind_n blow_v the_o lord_n say_v moses_n cause_v the_o sea_n to_o go_v back_o by_o a_o strong_a east-wind_n all_o that_o night_n as_o our_o translation_n render_v it_o but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o hebrew_n word_n kadim_n can_v here_o signify_v a_o east-wind_n because_o such_o a_o wind_n be_v fit_a to_o drive_v the_o flood_n to_o the_o shore_n wherein_o the_o israelite_n be_v than_o to_o divide_v the._n water_n unless_o we_o suppose_v that_o it_o blow_v only_o on_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o to_o hinder_v the_o water_n from_o run_v in_o the_o middle_n but_o who_o can_v apprehend_v how_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n can_v i_o will_v not_o say_v stand_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o go_v through_o it_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n whilst_o so_o violent_a a_o whirlwind_n blow_v in_o their_o face_n i_o shall_v think_v therefore_o that_o the_o word_n kadim_n denote_v not_o that_o part_n of_o heaven_n from_o whence_o this_o wind_n blue_a but_o a_o violent_a wind_n from_o whencesoever_o it_o blow_v nor_o do_v moses_n add_v the_o word_n strong_a because_o the_o wind_n call_v kadim_n be_v not_o common_o a_o violent_a one_o but_o because_o the_o wind_n which_o drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n towards_o the_o ocean_n be_v extreme_o violent_a the_o word_n kadim_n signify_v a_o violent_a wind_n psal_n 48.8_o ezech._n 27.26_o job_n 27.21_o jer._n 18.17_o isa_n 27.8_o jon._n 4.8_o we_o may_v therefore_o understand_v by_o the_o word_n kadim_n a_o northwind_n nor_o can_v any_o other_o wind_n open_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o israelite_n through_o the_o ford_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v show_v vi_o the_o thing_n itself_o favour_v my_o opinion_n as_o we_o have_v see_v and_o no_o strong_a argument_n can_v be_v bring_v against_o it_o from_o the_o word_n of_o moses_n some_o therefore_o will_v perhaps_o endeavour_v to_o confute_v it_o some_o other_o way_n viz._n by_o accuse_v it_o of_o novelty_n but_o i_o may_v shelter_v myself_o under_o the_o authority_n of_o josephus_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v the_o like_a 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have_v the_o same_o thought_n as_o i_o have_v concern_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o israelite_n through_o the_o red_a sea_n josephus_n may_v also_o have_v add_v out_o of_o livy_n book_n xxvi_o ch._n 45._o if_o he_o know_v it_o what_o that_o historian_n say_v concern_v the_o take_n of_o new_a carthage_n by_o p._n scipio_n africanus_n to_o stop_v thereby_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o hebrew_n the_o word_n of_o livy_n run_v thus_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v tell_v the_o sea_n ebb_v he_o lead_v his_o army_n to_o it_o because_o he_o hear_v from_o some_o fisher_n man_n who_o have_v be_v there_o in_o some_o light_a boat_n and_o be_v go_v through_o the_o ford_n when_o their_o boat_n stick_v that_o he_o may_v easy_o go_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n a_o foot_n it_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o day_n and_o beside_o the_o water_n be_v go_v back_o according_a to_o its_o ordinary_a ebb_a a_o violent_a northwind_n arise_v blow_v the_o same_o way_n the_o sea_n ebb_v which_o so_o lay_v open_v the_o ford_n that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o water_n come_v only_o to_o the_o belly_n and_o in_o other_o place_n scarce_o to_o the_o knee_n scipio_n have_v careful_o observe_v this_o and_o ascribe_v it_o as_o a_o prodigy_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o god_n who_o open_v a_o new_a way_n for_o the_o roman_n through_o the_o sea_n he_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o follow_v neptune_n as_o their_o guide_n but_o neither_o scipio_n nor_o alexander_n can_v know_v that_o the_o northwind_n will_v blow_v when_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o and_o see_v the_o providence_n of_o god_n rule_v the_o action_n of_o the_o