Sorsaparilla Turmerick Snakes-Root c. What chiefly deserves the Epithet of Rare in Carolina is a certain Herb which goes by the Name of the Country and remarkable for its long red Root which draws upon Paper good red Lines but answers not in Dying Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country being naturally Men of good Courage and for a long time at Wars among themselves are mightily diminish'd in their Number by what they were But those remaining are generally Persons of a good agreeable Temper and maintain a firm Friendship with our Colony The English here residing are the same in Manners with those here in England The Natives have a particular Jargon of their own which sounds very harsh to the Ear and seems to Strangers extreamly hard if not impossible to be acquir'd The English use their own Language King Charles II. having granted Carolina by Letters-Patent in Propriety to George Duke of Albemarle Edward Earl of Clarendon c. by those Letters the Laws of England were to be always in force in this Country only the Lords Proprietors are impower'd together with the Consent of the Inhabitants to make or repeal such By-Laws as shall from time to time be thought expedient for the better governing of the whole Colony The English here residing are of many and different Perswasions in Matters of Religion there being a Liberty of Conscience allow'd by the very Constitution of their Government The Natives have as yet no reveal'd Knowledge of the True God but follow the vain Imaginations of their own Minds however they are said to acknowledge one Supreme Being whom they Worship under the Name of Okee and to him their Priests do frequently Sacrifice but they believe that he takes no care of Human Affairs committing them to lesser Deities They acknowledge also a Transmigration of Souls and a Future State of Happiness after this Life SCET. V. Concerning Terra Arctica UNDER the Title of Terra Arctica we comprehend all those Northern Countries lying either intirely or mostly within the Arctick Polar Circle The chief of which are these following viz. Greenland Nova Zembla New Denmark Spitsberge Terra de Jesso New North Wales Of these we know little more as yet than their bare Names I am very sensible That in treating of them yea and that individual Part of the Earth exactly under the North Pole some Writers are pleas'd to speak as particularly as if they were discoursing of the Fifty two Counties of England But leaving such Gentlemen to divert themselves with their own Chimera's and leaving these Countries to the better Discovery of Future Ages I pass on to the various Divisions of South America chusing rather to say nothing of the aforesaid unknown Countries than to relate things of them that are satisfactory neither to my self nor the Reader being willing to have due regard to that excellent Saying of the Roman Orator Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire guod Nescias quam ista effutientem nauseare atque ipsum sibi displicere Cic. de Nat. Deor. Lib. 1. Now followeth SECT VI. Concerning Terra Firma  d. m. Situated between 297 30 of Long. It s greatest Length from E to W. is about 1260 Miles 330 00 between 03 20 of Latit Breadth from S. to N. is about 480 Miles 11 30 Being divided into East the River Orinoque call'd Guiana West the River Orinoque term'd Castello del Oro. East comprehands the Provinces of Caribana Chief Town Moreshego N. to S. Guiana Manboa West comprehends the Provinces of Panama or Terra Firma Panama From W. to E. Carthagena Idem St Martha Idem Rio de la hacha Idem Venezula Idem Andaluzia Comane Paria Maluregvara From E. to W. Granada St. Fe de Bagota Popayan St. Fe de Antiochia THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards and Conquer'd Anno 15 14. is term'd by the Italians Terra Firma by the Spaniards Tierra Firma by the French Terre Ferme by the Germans Het vast Land and by the English Terra Firma so call'd by the Discoverers thereof as being one Part of the Firm Land or Main Continent at which the Spaniards first touch'd in their Western Discoveries The Air of this Country is extreamly hot yet generally accounted very wholesome save in the Northmost Parts adjacent to the Isthmus of Panama where the Ground is full of Lakes and Marishes which by their ascending Vapours do render the Air very gross and consequently less wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Terra Firma is that part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 107 and 150 Degrees of Longitude with 3 Degrees of North and 11 Degrees of Southern Latitude This Country lying mostly in the first North Climate is said to be blessed with an excellent Soil producing great plenty of Corn and Fruits where duly manur'd It mightily abounds in Venison Fish and Fowl A great part of it is planted with Cotton and others are very productive of Sugars and Tobacco Here are also very considerable Mines of Gold Silver Brass c. many precious Stones and in several places good fishing of Pearls The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is 12 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 12 Hours or thereabouts and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Silver and other Metals Balsam Rozin Gums Long Pepper Emeralds Saphires Jasper c. Upon the Coast of Terra Firma nigh Surinam is frequently seen and sometimes taken that Fish usually call'd by Mariners the Old Wife but otherways the Square Acarauna so term'd from his Figure being almost a compleat Quadratum 2. In several Parts of Guiana are certain Trees call'd Totock remarkable for their Fruit which is of so great a bulk and withal so hard that People can't with safety walk among 'em when the Fruit is ripe being in danger every moment to have their Brains knockt out 3. In one of the Branches of Orenoque River is such a hideous Cataract that the Water falling down makes as loud a Noise as if a thousand Bells were knock'd one against another Vid. Heylin's Cosmog last Edition page 1086. 4. On the top of a high Mountain call'd Cowob is a considerable Lake according to the Report of the Natives and that well-stockt with most sorts of Fishes 5 In some Rivers of Guiana is a certain little Fish about the bigness of a Smelt and remarkable for having four Eyes two on each side one above the other and in Swiming 't is observ'd to keep the uppermost two above and the other two under Water 6. In the Island of Trinidado near the Coast of Terra Firma is a remarkable Fountain of Pitch which boileth out of the Earth in great abundance and is exported thence to various places in these Parts of the World 7. Near C. Brea on the Continent is another Fountain of Pitchy Substance much us'd
some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography or a few infallible Truths in Masquerade which mainly depend upon a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly We shall take a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts Of these five General Heads separately and in their order Therefore SECT I. Containing some necessary Geographical Definitions Def. 1. GEography a Science both pleasant and profitable doth mainly consist in giving a true Description of the exterior Part or Surface of the Earthly Globe as 't is compos'd of Land and Water especially the former That Geography doth merit the Title of Science in several Respects and that the knowledge thereof is attended both with Pleasure and Profit is so universally granted by all who make any considerable Progress therein that to enter upon a Probation of it would be every whit as superfluous as if one should go about to evince that the Sun is risen at Noon-day It derives its compound Name from the two Greek Primitives of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scribo vel describo and differeth from Cosmography quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Mundi Descriptio as a part doth from the whole as also from Chorography and Topography quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Regionis ac Loci Descriptio as the Whole from its Parts By a true Description of the Exterior Part of the Globe of the Earth we understand purely an Account of the Situation Extent Divisions and Subdivisions of all remarkable Countries on the Surface of the said Globe together with the Names of their Cities and Chief Towns and that accordingly as those Countries are already projected to our Hands upon particular Geographical Maps and not an actual Survey or Mensuration of them which the Science of Geography presupposeth and which properly belongs to Geodaesia or the Art of Surveying Land In giving such a Description of Countries as aforesaid doth the Science of Geography properly consist as for other Narratives relating either to Countries themselves or their Inhabitants and which commonly swell up Geographical Tracts we reckon them though the more pleasant part of this Study rather the Fringes of Geography than its real or essential Parts In the foregoing Definition we intirely restrict the Science of Geography to the exterior Part or Surface of the Earthly Globe and that as it 's compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts designing thereby to distinguish it from Natural Philosophy which in its curious and pleasant Enquiries reacheth not only the said Surface in all its constituent Parts but also the whole Globe of the Earth with the whole Body of the Atmosphere surrounding the same yea and even the outmost imaginable Expanse of the Firmament it self We again restrict that Science mainly to one Part of the aforesaid Surface viz. the Dry Land thereby to distinguish it from Hydrography which particularly treateth of the other namely Water The Object therefore of Geography in a large Sense is the whole Surface of the Ball of the Earth consisting of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts or in a strict and more proper Sense only One of those Parts to wit the Firm Land For the more distinctly viewing of which Parts and the better comprehending of the Science of Modern Geography in the true Fundamentals thereof we shall begin with that Artificial Representation of the Earthly Ball commonly call'd the Terraqueous Globe Def. 2. The Terraqueous Globe is an Artificial Spherical Body on whose Convex Part is truly represented the whole Surface of the Ball of the Earth as it consists of Land and Water That this Globe is term'd Terraqueous from Terra and Aqua the two constituent Parts of its Surface or Terrestrial to distinguish it from the Coelestial or finally the Artificial Globe as a differencing Mark from the Natural or Real Globe of the Earth are all so notoriously known that the least Illustration were wholly superfluous We reckon it also superfluous to show that there is a true Resemblance in Figure between the Artificial and Natural Globe or that the Body of the Earth is truly Spherical This being now beyond all dispute and never at least very rarely call'd in question except it be only by Women and Children But here note That in the following Treatise we intirely restrict our selves to this Globe so that wheresoever the Name of Globe is indefinitely mention'd we are never to understand the Coelestial Note also that wheresoever we are upon the Surface of the Natural Globe that the Point in the Heavens exactly Vertical to us is term'd our Zenith and that Point diametrically opposite thereto is stil'd our Nadir which are two corrupted Arabian Terms in Astronomy importing what is here asserted of them The first observables that present themselves to our view in treating of the Globe are its Axis and Poles Def. 3. The Axis is an imaginary Line passing through the Center of the real Globe of the Earth upon which the whole Frame thereof is supposed to turn round It s term'd Axis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod circa illam agatur Terra As this Axis in the Natural Globe is an imaginary Line so in Artificial Globes its a real one it being a streight piece of Iron or solid Wood passing through the middle of the Globe as the Axle-tree of a Wheel Def. 4. The Poles are the two Extremities of the Axis one whereof is term'd the North or Arctick and the other the South or Antarctick They are call'd Poles from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verto because upon them the whole Frame of the Globe turneth round The North is term'd Arctick from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a Bear because the real North Pole in the Heavens is commonly taken for a certain noted Star in that Constellation which bears the Name of the Little Bear And the South is stil'd Antarctick from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ursa because of its Diametrical Opposition to the other The Terraqueous Globe being a Spherical Body as aforesaid turning round upon its own Axis For the better understanding of that Globe in all its exterior Parts and the various Operations perform'd by the same we are to conceive it not only as a bare Spherical Body but also as such a Body surrounded with many imaginary Circles the chief of which are Eight divided into Five Parallel viz. The Equator The two Tropicks The two Polar Circles Three not Parallel viz. The Horizon The Meridian The Zodiack Otherwise divided into Four Greater viz. The Horizon The Meridian The Equator The Zodiack Four Lesser viz. The two Tropicks The two Polar Circles Def. 5. The Horizon is that great Circle which
15 62 25 1 07 4 30 20 6 30 16 63 22 0 57 5 36 28 6 08 17 64 6 0 44 6 41 22 4 54 18 64 49 0 43 7 45 29 4 07 19 65 2◠0 32 8 49 01 3 32 20 65 47 0 26 9 51 58 2 57 21 66 6 0 19 10 54 27 2 29 22 66 20 0 14 11 56 37 2 10 23 66 28 0 08 12 58 29 1 52 24 66 31 0 03 Climates between the Polar Circles and the Poles d. m. d. m. d. m. d. m d. m. d. m. Par. Lat. Par. Lat. Par. Lat. Par. Lat. Par. Lat. Par. Lat. 67 30 69 30 73 20 78 20 84 00 90 00 Breadth Breadth Breadth Breadth Breadth Breadth 01 00 02 00 03 50 05 00 05 40 06 00 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month Having thus taken a view of the chief Circles belonging to the Terrestrial Globe as also the manner how Latitude and Longitude with Zones and Climates are fram'd proceed we next to the various Positions of the Globe commonly term'd Spheres which are three in Number viz. Parallel Right and Oblique Def. 18. A Parallel Sphere is that Position of the Globe which hath these three Properties viz. 1. The Poles in the Zenith and Nadir 2. The Equator in the Horizon 3. The Parallel Circles parallel to the Horizon The Inhabitants of this Sphere are those if any who live under the two Poles Def. 19. A Right Sphere is that Position of the Globe which hath these three Properties viz. 1. Both the Poles in the Horizon 2. The Equator passing through the Zenith and Nadir 3. The Parallel Circles perpendicular to the Horizon The Inhabitants of this Sphere are they who live under the Equinoctial Line Def. 20. An Oblique Sphere is that Position of the Globe which hath these three Properties viz. 1. One of the Poles above and the other under the Horizon 2. The Equator partly above and partly under the Horizon 3. The Parallel Circles cutting the Horizon obliquely The Inhabitants of this Sphere are they who live on all Parts of the Globe of the Earth except those exactly under the Poles and Equinoctial Line But having no regard to these Positions of the Globe The various Inhabitants of the Earth are likewise considered with respect to the several Meridians and Parallels peculiar to their Habitations and that under these three Titles viz. Antaeci Periaci and Antipodes Def. 21. The Antaeci are those People of the Earth who live under the same Meridian but opposite Parallels Peculiar to such People are these following Particulars viz. 1. They have both the same Elevation of the Pole but not the same Pole 2. They are equally distant from the Equator but on different sides 3 They have both Noon and Midnight at the same time 4 The Days of one are equal to the Nights of the other vice versâ 5. Their Seasons of the Year are contrary it being Winter to one when Summer to the other c. Def. 22 The Perlaeci are those People of the Earth who live under the same Parallels but opposite Meridians Peculiar to such People are these following Particulars viz. 1. One of the Poles is equally elevated to both and the other equally depress'd 2. They are equally distant from the Equator and both on the same side 3. When it's Noon to one it 's Midnight to the other econtra 4 The length of the Day to one is the Compliment of the other's Night vice versâ 5. They both agree in the four Seasons of the Year c. Def. 23. The Antipodes are those People of the Earth who live under opposite Parallels and Meridians Peculiar to such People are these following Particulars viz. 1. They have both the same Elevation of the Pole 2 They are both equally distant from the Equator but on different sides and in opposite Haemispheres 3. When it's Noon to one it 's Midnight to the other vice versâ 4. The longest Day or Night to the one is the shortest to the other 5. Their Seasons of the Year are contrary c. The Inhabitants of the Earth were likewise considered by the Ancients with respect to the Diversity of their Shadows and accordingly reduc'd to three Classes viz. Amphiscii Periscii and Heteroscii Def. 24. Amphiscii were those People of the Earth who liv'd in the Torrid Zone or between the two Tropicks They 're so term'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 utrinque and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Umbra because they cast their Shadows on both sides of them viz. North and South according to the Nature of the Sun's Declination Def. 25. Periscii were those People of the Earth who liv'd in the Frigid Zones or between the Polar Circles and the Poles They 're so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Circà and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Umbra because they cast their Shadows round about them towards all Points of the Compass Def. 26. Heteroscii were those People of the Earth who liv'd in the two Temperate Zones or between the Tropicks and the Polar Circles They 're so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alto and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Umbra because they cast their Shadows only one way viz. North if in the North temperate or South if in the South temperate Zone But leaving the various Inhabitants of the Earth and to come closer to our main Design let us return to the Globe of the Earth it self consider'd simply as a Spherical Body whose Surface we are to view as compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts and those two Parts thus subdivided as followeth to wit Land into Continents Isthmus Islands Promontories Peninsula's Mountains Water into Oceans Straits Seas Lakes Gulfs Rivers Def. 27. A Continent Lat. Continens à Contineo is a large and spacious Space of dry Land comprehending divers Countries Kingdoms and States all join'd together without any intire Separation of its Parts by Water Def. 28. An Island Lat. Insula quasi in salo is a part of dry Land environed round with Water Def. 29. A Peninsula quasi penè Insula otherwise Chersonesus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Insula is a part of the dry Land every where enclosed with Water save one narrow Neck adjoining the same to the Continent Def. 30. An Isthmus ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ingredior is that narrow Neck of Land annexing the Peninsula to the Continent by which People may enter into one from the other Def. 31. A Promontory quasi Mons in mare prominens is a high part of Land stretching it self out in the Sea the Extremity whereof is commonly term'd a Cape or Head-Land Def. 32. A Mountain à moneo vel emineo is a rising part of the dry Land over-topping the adjacent Country and appearing the first at a distance Def. 33. The Ocean Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
by Edward I. who having then a Son brought forth by his Queen at Caernarven Castle in Wales and finding the Welch extreamly averse against a Foreign Governor proferr'd them the young Child a Native of their own to be their Lord and Master to which they readily yielded and accordingly swore Obedience to him since which time the King of England's Eldest Son is stil'd Prince of Wales and all Writs in that Principality are issued out in his Name The Arms of the Prince of Wales differ from those of England only by the Addition of a Label of three Points But the proper and peculiar Divice commonly though corruptedly call d the Princes Arms is a Coronet beautifi'd with three Ostrich Feathers with this Inscription round Ich dien i. e. I serve alluding to that of the Apostle The Heir while he is a Child differeth not from a Servant The Inhabitans of this Country at least the most Intelligent of 'em are of the Reform'd Religion according to the Platform of the Church of England but many of the meaner sort are so grosly ignorant in Religious Matters that they differ nothing from mere Heathens For the remedying of which the late incomparable Mr Gouge was at no small Pains and Charge in Preaching the Blessed Gospel to them and procuring and distributing among them some considerable number of Bibles and Books of Devotion in their Language which noble Design was afterwards reviv'd and further'd by the famous Robert Boyle Esq and several other well disposs'd Persons particularly that much lamented Eminent Divine Dr. Anthony Horneck and we are willing to hope that the same will be kept still on foot and happily promoted by the Aid and Encouragement of some serious Christians amongst us The Christian Faith is said to have been planted in this Country towards the end of the Second Century IRELAND By Rob. Morden IRELAND  d. m. Situated between â—â— â—0 of Long. its greatest Length from S. to N. is about 265 Miles 12 10 between 51 00 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 150 Miles 55 25 Divided into the Provinces of Leinster Ch. Town Dublin Ulster Londonderry Connaught Galloway Munster Limerick Leinster contains Louth County Chief Town Drogheda from N. to S. Dublin Idem Wicklow Idem Wexford Idem Longford Idem from N. to S. Meath County Molingar King's County Philipstone Queen's County Mari-burrow Kilkenny Idem Kildare Idem E. of K. County Caterlagh Idem Kilkenny Ulster contains Down-County Down from E. to S. W. Armagh Armagh Monogon Idem Caven Idem Antrim Carrickfergus from E. to S. W. Londonderry Idem Tirone County Duagannon Fermanath Inniskilling Dunnagal Idem W. of Londonderry Conn cont Letrim Idem from N. to S. Roscomon Athlon Galloway Idem Maio County Maio Westward Slego Idem Munster cont Tipperary Clonmel N. to S. Waterford Idem  Clare County Idem N. to S. Limerick Idem  Cork County Idem  Kerry Dingle Westward  THIS Country the Britannia Parva of Ptolomy mention'd by other Ancient Writers under the Names of Jertia Juverna Iris c and by Modern Authors Hibernia is term'd by the Italians Irlanda by the Spaniards Irlanda by the French Irlande by the Germans Yrland and by the English Ireland so call'd as some imagine ab hiberno aere from the Winter-like Air but rather according to others from Erinland which in the Irish Tongue signifieth a Western Land The Air of this Country is almost of the same Nature with that of those Parts of Britain which lie under the same Parallel only different in this that in several places of this Kingdom 't is of a more gross and impure Temper by reason of the many Lakes and Marishes which send up such a quantity of Vapours and thereby so corrupt the whole Mass of Air as to occasion Fluxes Rheums and such like Distempers to which the Inhabitants are frequently subject The opposite Place of the Globe to Ireland is that part of the Pacifick Ocean lying between 180 and 200 Degrees of Longitude with 53 and 56 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 9th and 10th North Climate is abundantly fertil but naturally more fit for Grass and Pasturage than Tillage Much of this Kingdom is still overgrown with Woods or incumbred with vast Bogs and unwholesome Marishes yeilding neither Profit nor Pleasure to the Inhabitants but not near so much as formerly there being a great deal of Wood cut down and many large Marishes drain'd in this Age and the Ground imploy'd for various sorts of Grain which it produceth in great plenty The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 17 Hours â— 4 â—he 〈◊〉 in the Southmost 7 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Cattle Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Salt Hemâ— Linnen Cloath Pipe-Staves Wooll Friezes c. About eight Miles North-East from Colrain in the County of Antrim is that Miracle whether of Art or Nature I shall not dispute commonly call'd the Giants Cawsway which runs from the bottom of a high Hill into the Sea none can tell how far It s length at Low Water is about 600 Feet the breadth where broadest 240 and 120 in the narrowest 't is very unequal in height being in some places 36 Feet from the level of the Strand and in others only 15. It consists of many thousands of Pillars perpendicular to the Plain of the Horizon and all of different Shapes and Sizes but most of 'em Pentagonal or Hexâ—gonal yet all irregularly plac'd A particular Draught and Description of this wonderful Cawsway with an Essay proving the same to be rather the Work of Nature than Art Vid. Philosoph Transact N. 212 and 222. 2 In the Province of Ulster is the famous Lough Neagh hitherto noted for its rare petrifying Quality but upon due Examination 't is found that the said Quality ought to be ascrib'd to the Soil of the Ground adjacent to that Lake rather than to the Water of the Lake it self 3 In several Parts of this Kingdom are sometimes dug up Horns of a prodigious bigness one Pair lately found being ten Feet and ten Inches from the Tip of the right Horn to the Tip of the left which gives occasion to apprehend that the great American Deer call'd the Moose was formerly common in this Island As for that excellent Quality of Ireland in nourishing no Venomous Creature the same is so notoriously known that I need say nothing of it Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are Four viz those of Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam The Archbishop of Armagh being Primate of all Ireland Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Meath Limerick Ardfert and Aghado Clonfert Kildare Elphin Ossory Waterford Rapho Leighlin and Ferns Cork and Ross Derry Kilaloe Cloyne Kilmore and Ardagh Killala Clogher Drommore Down and Conner Here is only one University viz. That of Dublin The
Geography Anatomiz'd Or The Compleat Geographical Grammar Being a Short and Exact ANALYSIS Of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a New and Curious Method COMPREHENDING I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a Compendious System of the true Fundamentals of Geography Digested into various Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes With a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Earthly Ball as it consists of Land and Water II. A Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a clear and pleasant Prospect of all remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth Shewing their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Cities Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion Collected from the best Authors and Illustrated with divers Maps The Second Edition much Improv'd and Enlarg'd By PAT GORDON M. A. And Fellow of the Royal Society Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Hor. LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and in Amen-Corner 1699. THE Geographical Grammar IMPRIMATUR Liber cui Titulus Geography Anatomiz'd c. John Hoskyns V. P. R. S. TO The Right Honourable THOMAS Lord Viscount Deerhurst Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of The Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of COVENTRY THIS New Edition of the following Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY is with the profoundest Respect Dedicated by Your Lordship's Most Humbly Devoted Servant PAT GORDON THE PREFACE MY principal Design in publishing the following Treatise is to present the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry with a Compendious Pleasant and Methodical Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY that most useful Science which highly deserves their Regard in a peculiar manner If it be alledg'd That the World is already overstockt with Composures of this Nature I freely grant the Charge but withal I 'll be bold to say That there 's none as yet publisht which is not palpably faulty in one or more of these three respects Either they are too Voluminous and thereby fright the Young Student from so much as ever attempting that Study Or Secondly too Compendious and thereby give him only a bare Superficial Knowledge of Things Or finally Confus'd being writ without any due Order or Method and so confound him before he is aware But all these are carefully avoided in the following Treatise for in framing of it I 've industriously endeavour'd to make it observe a just Mean between the two Extreams of a large Volume and a narrow Compend And as to the Method in which it now appears the same is I presume so Plain and Natural that I may safely refer the tryal thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Severest Critick To descend to Particulars The whole consists now of Two Parts whereof the first gives a General and the second a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Part I. In giving a General View of the said Globe I 've perform'd these five Things viz. 1. I 've illustrated by way either of a Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globle as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. I 've set down all those pleasant Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. I 've subjoin'd divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. I 've advanc'd some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly I 've taken a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts This is the Substance of the first Part and before I proceed to the Second I must here desire the Reader may be pleas'd to observe these two Things viz. 1. That in defining the various Geographical Terms mention'd Sect. I. I have not strictly ty'd my self to the Logical Rules of a Definition for if the Term propos'd be only explain'd that is all required here 2. In advancing those Geographical Paradoxes mention'd Sect. iv which will probably so startle the Reader at first being a meer Novelty in Tracts of this kind as that he can't readily comprehend either their Meaning or Design let him therefore be pleas'd to know that the main Drift of such an uncommon Essay is in short To whet the Appetite of our Geographical Student for a compleat Understanding of the Globe upon a thorough Knowledge of which these seeming Mysteries do mainly depend or more briefly 't is to set our young Student a thinking Although the Soul of Man is a cogitating Being and its Thoughts so nimble as to surround the Universe it self in a trice yet so unthoughtful and strangely immur'd in Sense is the generality of Persons that they need some startling Noise like a sudden Clap of Thunder to rouse and awake them Now as a strange and unheard-off Phenomenon suddenly appearing in the Natural World doth attract the Eyes of all Men and raiseth a Curiosity in some to enquire into the Reason of it even so is the Proposal of a Paradoxical Truth to the Intellectual for it immediately summons all the Powers of the Soul together and sets the Understanding a-work to search into and Scan the Matter To awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural Act of Thought and Consideration may be justly reckon'd no trivial Business if we consider that 't is to the want thereof or a stupid Inconsideration that we may chiefly impute all the Enormities of Mankind whether in Judgment or Practice If therefore those Paradoxes above-mention'd shall obtain the End propos'd the rousing of the Mind to think it matters the less if some of them upon strict enquiry should be found to consist of Equivocal Terms or perhaps prove little more than a Quibble at the Bottom Proceed we now to Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe By such a View I understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries and their Inhabitants on the Face of the whole Earth and that in these following Particulars viz. Their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion What is said upon each of those Heads will best appear by the following Table Concerning Situation are briefly declar'd The Degr. of Long. between which any Country lies Latit Extent Its due Dimentions from E. to W. in English Miles S. to N. Division 2 Things viz. The general Parts or Classes to which any Country is reducible How those Parts or Classes are most readily found Subdivision 2 Things viz. The particular Provinces which any Country contains How those Provinces are most readily found Chief Towns 2 Things viz. The Modern Names
Immoralities which abound among us For if we strictly enquire into the source of these foul and loathsome Streams especially in those whom Fortune hath rais'd above the common level we may readily find that they mainly flow from that detestable Habit of Idleness in which the generality of such Persons are bred up during their youthful Days and to which they wholly give up themselves when arriv'd to more riper Years By which means they 're expos'd to a thousand Temptations and continually lie open to the grand Adversary of Souls For the remeding of this great Evil 't is highly to be wisht that such Persons would daily imploy a few of their many spare Hours that now lie heavy upon their Hands in some proper diverting Study which carries along with it both Profit and Pleasure as its constant Attendants Now such a Study is undoubtedly that of History a Study that 's particularly proper for a Gentleman and adorns him with the best Accomplishments a Study that begets Experience without Gray Hairs and makes a Man wise at the Toil and Charge of others If it be objected that many have made attempts at the same and that without Success Most certain it is I own and the reason is ready at hand namely their Omission of a needful Preliminary Study viz. That of GEOGRAPHY which with some small taste of Chronology may be deservedly term'd The Eyes and Feet of History and ought to be acquir'd by our Historian either in his younger Days or at least in the first place On which account I 've drawn up the following Treatise adapting it chiefly to the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry by the help of which they may quickly acquire such an Idea of all remarkable Countries as to fit 'em sufficiently for turning over any Modern History whatsoever This one stept in Education of Youth were preferable methinks to a Seven Years Drudgery in the dry Study of bare Words and a Second Apprenticeship that 's usually spent in a Phantastick Improvement of the Mind with many useless Speculations And I may be bold to say That to exercise the Thoughts in such a manner as this or to be but tollerably accomplish'd in these diverting Studies would vastly transcend most of those other Accomplishments and Diversions so much in Vogue among our Gentry at present And 't is highly probable that such a Method as this might more effectually check the Growth of Vice among 'em than the most elaborate Moral Discourse that can be fram'd the very Title of such Composures being enough many times to fright them from the perusal whereas a moderate Application of Mind to the aforesaid Studies would insensibly wean the Thoughts of some from the reigning Impieties of the Age and in others it might ev'n happily prevent an early acquaintance with Vice in general And thus you see the Design Method and Substance of the whole Treatise one Word now concerning this Edition and I have done The kind Reception of my first Essay and its ready Admittance into many of our Publick Schools gave me fresh Encouragement to send it abroad again and that in a much better Dress than formerly being now as Compleat as the Nature of the Subject and Bigness of the Volume will permit So considerable indeed are those Improvements made in this Impression that the Book is in effect New I have cast it in another Mould and 't is now above twice as big as the former the First Part except the last Section being intirely added and above two Thirds of the Second I have not indeed augmented the number of Maps because the Analytical Tables of this Tract are design'd for particular Sheet Maps whether English French or Dutch and are not to be read with those here inserted which though very good of their kind yet being of so small a Scale they 're more for Ornament than Use How far this Treatise in the whole doth answer its proposed End and how much this Impression is preferable to the former I intirely leave to the Reader 's Judgment to determine This being all I think necessary to premise concerning the following Composure I shall no longer detain the Reader by way of Preface concluding the same with the Words of the Poet Vive vale Si quid novisti rectius istis Candidus imperti si non his utere mecum Q. Hor. Epist Lib. 1. The CONTENTS THE following Treatise being divided into Two Parts whereof The First gives a General View of the Terraqueous Globe Second a Particular View PART I. Giving a General View Comprehend Sect. I. Containing 38 Georaphical Definitions From Page 1 to 15 Sect. II. Containing 48 Geographical Problems 15 to 32 Sect. III. Containing 41 Geographical Theorems 32 to 37 Sect. IV. Containing 39 Geographical Paradoxes 37 to 43 Sect. V. Concerning Land and Water 43 to 59 PART II. Giving a Particular View Comprehends CHAP. I. Of EUROPE Sect. I. Concerning Scandinavia Sweden 63 Denmark 67 Norway 70 Sect. II. Moscovia 73 Sect. III. France 79 Sect. IV. Germany Upper Holland 108 Flanders 112 Upper Germany 114 Sect. V. Poland 125 Sect. VI. Spain and Portugal 133 Sect. VII Italy 145 Sect. VIII Turky in Europe partilarly Hungary 170 Greece 172 Tartary 177 Danubian Provinces 178 Sect IX European Islands particularly Britain Scotland 186 England 197 Wales 208 Ireland 211 CHAP. II. Of ASIA Sect. I. Concerning Tartary Page 238 Sect. II. China 241 Sect. III. India 247 Sect. IV. Persia 256 Sect. V. Turky in Asia 260 Sect. VI. The Asiatick Islands 282 CHAP. III. Of AFRICA Sect. I. Concerning Egypt 294 Sect. II. Barbary 298 Sect. III. Bildulgerid 303 Sect. IV. Zaara or the Desert 305 Sect. V. Negroeland 307 Sect. VI. Guinea 310 Sect. VII Nubia 313 Sect. VIII Ethiopia 315 Sect. IX African Islands 325 CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Sect. I. Concerning New Spain 334 Sect. II. Nova Granada 338 Sect. III. Florida 340 Sect. IV. Terra Canadensis 342 Sect. V. Terra Arctica 357 Sect. VI. Terra Firma 358 Sect. VII Peru 361 Sect. VIII Amazonia 365 Sect. IX Brasil 367 Sect. X. Chili 371 Sect. XI Paraguay 373 Sect. XII Terra Mageilanica 375 Sect. XIII Terra Antarctica Ibid. Sect. XIV The American Islands 376 APPENDIX 391 A NEW MAP of y c WORLD by Rob t Morden Modern Geography PART 1. Comprehending a GENERAL VIEW OF THE Terraqueous GLOBE INTRODUCTION IN taking a General View of the Terraqueous Globe we shall observe the following Method 1. We shall Illustrate by way either of Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globe as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. We shall set down in due Order and Method all those pleasant Problems or delightful Operations performable by the Artificial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. We shall subjoin divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. We shall advance
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 citò 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fluo is a mighty Rendesvouz or large Collection of Waters environing a considerable Part of the Main Continent Def. 34. The Sea Lat. Salum à sale quia salsum is a smaller Collection of Waters intermingled with Islands and intirely or mostly environed with Land Def. 35. A Gulf Lat. Sinus quasi sinu suo mare complectens is a part of the Sea every where environed with Land except one Passage whereby it communicates with the neighbouring Sea or main Ocean Def. 36. A Strait Lat. Fretum à ferveo quod ibi ferveat mare propter angustiam is a narrow Passage either joyning a Gulf to the neighbouring Sea or Ocean or one part of the Sea or Ocean to another Def. 37. A Lake Lat. Lacus a Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fossa vel Fovea is a small Collection of deep standing Water intirely surrounded with Land and having no visible or immediate Communication with the Sea Def. 38. A River Lat. Flumen vel Fluvius à fluo is a considerable Stream of fresh Water issuing out of one or various Fountains and continually gliding along in one or more Channels till it disgorgeth it self at last into the gaping Mouth of the thirsty Ocean These being all the necessary Terms commonly us'd in Modern Geography and particularly those that either need or can well admit of a Definition Description or Derivation We proceed in the next place to SECT II. Containing some pleasant Geographical Problems Prob. 1. THE Diameter of the Artificial Globe being given to find its Surface in Square and its Solidity in Cubick Measure Multiply the Diameter by the Circumference or a great Circle dividing the Globe into two equal Parts and the Product will give the first Then Multiply the said Product by ⅙ of the Diameter and the Product of that will give the second After the same manner we may find the Surface and Solidity of the Natural Globe as also the whole Body of the Atmosphere surrounding the same providing it be always and every where of the same height for having found the perpendicular height thereof by that common Experiment of the ascent of Mercury at the foot and top of a Mountain double the said Height and add the same to the Diameter of the Earth then Multiply the whole as a new Diameter by its proper Circumference and from the Product substract the Solidity of the Earth the Remainder will give the Solidity of the Atmosphere Prob. 2. To Rectify the Globe The Globe being set upon a true Plain raise the Pole according to the given Latitude then fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith and if any Mariner's Compass upon the Pedestal let the Globe be so situated as that the brazen Meridian may stand due South and North according to the two Extremities of the Needle Prob. 3. To find the Longitude and Latitude of any place By Longitude we do not here understand that Opprobrium Navigatorum of Easting and Westing but simply the distance between the given place and the first Meridian inscrib'd on the Surface of the Globe For the finding of which bring the given place to the East-side of the brazen Meridian and observe what Degree of the Equator is just under the said Meridian for that is the Degree of Longitude peculiar to the given place and the Degree of the Meridian exactly above that place is its proper Latitude which is either Southern or Northern according as the place is South or North of the Equinoctial Line Prob. 4. The Longitude and Latitude of any place being given to find that place on the Globe Bring the given Degree of Longitude to the brazen Meridian reckon upon the same Meridian the Degree of given Latitude whether South or North and make a mark with Chalk where the reckoning ends the Point exactly under that Chalk is the place desir'd Prob. 5. The Latitude of any place being given to find all those places that have the same Latitude The Globe being rectify'd according to the Latitude of the given place and that place being brought to the brazen Meridian make a mark exactly above the same and turning the Globe round all those places passing under the said mark have the same Latitude with the given place Prob. 6. To find the Sun 's place in the Ecliptick at any time The Month and Day being given look for the same upon the wooden Horizon and over against the Day you will find the particular Sign and Degree in which the Sun is at that time observing withal the difference between the Julian and Gregorian Kalendar which Sign and Degree being noted in the Ecliptick the same is the Sun's place or pretty near it at the time desired Prob. 7. The Month and Day being given as also the particular time of that Day to find those places of the Globe to which the Sun is in their Meridian at that particular time The Pole being elevated according to the Latitude of the place in which you are and the Sun's Place found in the Ecliptick at the time given bring the same to the brazen Meridian and setting the Index of the Horary Circle at the upper Figure of XII turn the Globe till the said Index point at the given Hour of the Day Which done fix the Globe in that Situation and observe all those places exactly under the brazen Meridian for those are the places desired Prob. 8. To know the Length of the Day and Night in any place of the Earth at any time Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given place find the Sun's place in the Ecliptick at that time which being brought to the East side of the Horizon set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon or the upper Figure of 12. and turning the Globe about till the aforesaid place of the Ecliptick touch the Western side of the Horizon look upon the Horary Circle and wheresoever the Index pointeth reckon the Number of Hours between the same and the upper Figure of 12. for that is the Length of the Day at the time desir'd the Complement whereof is the Length of the Night Note There is a Mistake in working the 7th Problem for the same ought to be performed thus The Pole being elevated according to the Latitude of the given Place bring the said Place to the brazen Meridian and setting the Index of the Horary Circle at the Hour of the Day in the given Place turn the Globe till the Index point at the upper Figure of XII which done fix the Globe in that Situation and observe what places are exactly under the upper Hemisphere of the brazen Meridian for those are the Places desir'd Prob. 9. To find by the Globe the Antaeci Periaeci and Antipodes of any given place Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and finding its true Latitude count upon the Equator the same number of Degrees towards the opposite Pole and observe
situated under the Equinoctial Line the Meridian Shadow of the Sun doth cast it self towards the North for one half of the Year and towards the South during the other Theor. 29. In all places lying under the Equinoctial Line there is no Meridian Shadow on those two Days of the Year that the Sun doth enter the Signs of Aries and Libra Theor. 30. The nearer that places are unto or the farther remov'd from the Equator the shorter or longer accordingly is the Meridian Shadow of a Style perpendicularly erected in such places Theor. 31. The farther that places are removed from the Equator yet not surpassing 66 Degrees of Latitude the greater is the Sun 's Amplitude or that Arch of the Horizon between the Points of due East and West and those in which the Sun riseth and setteth on the Days of the Summer and Winter Solstice Theor. 32. In all places lying under the same Semi Circle of the Meridian the Hours both of the Day and Night are always the same in one as in the other Theor. 33. In all places both of the North and Southern Hemispheres that lie under opposite Parallels of Latitude the Seasons of the Year are always the same in one as in the other Theor. 34. In all places situated in a Parallel Sphere the Circle of the Sun 's Diurnal Motion runs always Parallel or very near it to the respective Horizon of such places Theor. 35. In all places situated in a Right Sphere the Circle of the Sun 's Diurnal Motion is still perpendicular or very near it to the respective Horizon of such places Theor. 36. In all places situated in an Oblique Sphere the Circle of the Sun 's Diurnal Motion is always Oblique unto or cutteth the Horizon of such places at unequal Angles Theor. 37. If the difference of Longitude in two places be exactly 15 Degrees The People residing in the Eastmost of them will reckon the time of the Day sooner by one Hour than those in the other If the difference be 30 Degrees then they 'll reckon their Hours sooner by 2. If 45 Degrees by 3. and if 60 then by 4 c. Theor. 38. If People residing in two distinct places do differ exactly one Hour in reckoning their time it being only Noon to one when one Afternoon to the other the true distance between the respective Meridians of those places is exactly 15 Degrees upon the Equator If they differ 2 Hours the distance is 30 Degrees If 3 it s 45. and if 4 it s compleatly 60 c. Theor. 39. If a Ship set out from any Port and steering Eastward doth intirely surround the Globe of the Earth the People of the said Ship in reckoning their time will gain one Day compleatly at their return or count one more than those residing at the said Port. If Westward then they 'll lose one or reckon one less Theor. 40. If two Ships set out from the same Port at the same time and both surround the Globe of the Earth one steering East and the other Westward they 'll differ from one another in reckoning their time two Days compleatly at their return even suppose they happen to arrive on the same Day If they surround the Earth twice steering as aforesaid they 'll differ 4 Days if thrice then 6 c. Theor. 41. If several Ships set out from the same Port either at the same or different times and do all surround the Globe of the Earth some steering due South and others due North and arrive again at the same Port the respective People of those different Ships at their return will not differ from one another in reckoning their time nor from those who reside at the said Port. These are the chief Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deduclble from the foregoing Problems and to these we might add a great many more but leaving such Truths we pass to some others in pursuance of our proposed Method and such as are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though not so apparent yet probably more diverting Therefore followeth SECT IV. Containing some amazing Geographical Paradoxes Par. 1. THERE are two remarkable Places on the Globe of the Earth in which there is only one Day and one Night throughout the whole Year Par. 2. There are also some Places on the Earth in which it is neither Day nor Night at a certain time of the Year for the space of twenty four Hours Par. 3. There is a certain Place of the Earth at which if two Men should chance to meet one would stand upright upon the Soles of the others Feet and neither of them should feel the others weight and yet both should retain their Natural Posture Par. 4. There is also a certain Place of the Earth where a Fire being made neither Flame nor Smoke would ascend but move circularly about the Fire Moreover if in that Place one should fix a smooth or plain Table without any Ledges whatsoever and pour thereon a large Quantity of Water not one Drop thereof could run over the said Table but would raise it self up in a large heap Par. 5. There is a certain Place on the Globe of a considerable Southern Latitude that hath both the greatest and least Degree of Longitude Par. 6. There are three remarkable Places on the Globe that differ both in Longitude and Latitude and yet all lie under one and the same Meridian Par. 7. There are three remarkable Places on the Continent of Europe that lie under three different Meridians and yet all agree both in Longitude and Latitude Par. 8. There is a certain Island in the Aegaean Sea upon which if two Children were brought forth at the same instant of time and living together for many Years should both expire on the same Day yea at the same Hour and Minute of that Day yet the Life of one would surpass the Life of the other by divers Months Par. 9. There are two observable Places belonging to Asia that lie under the same Meridian and of a small distance from one another and yet the respective Inhabitants of them in reckoning their time do differ an intire Natural Day every Week Par. 10. There is a particular Place of the Earth where the Winds though frequently veering round the Compass do always blow from the North Point Par. 11. There is a certain Hill in the South of Bohemia on whose Top if an Equinoctial Sun-Dial be duly erected a Man that is Stone-blind may know the Hour of the Day by the same if the Sun shines Par. 12. There is a considerable number of places lying within the Torrid Zone in any of which if a certain kind of Sun-Dial be duly erected the Shadow will go back several Degrees upon the same at a certain time of the Year and that twice every Day for the space of divers Weeks yet no ways derogating from that miraculous returning of the Shadow upon the Dial of Ahaz in the Days of King Hezekiah Par.
demonstrated by the Terrestrial Globe That it is not above Twenty four hours Sailing from the River of Thames in England to the City of Messina in Sicily at a certain time of the Year providing there be a brisk North Wind a light Frigat and an Azimuth Compass These are the chief Paradoxical Positions in matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and though it is highly probable that they 'll appear to some as the greatest of Fables yet we may boldly affirm That they 're not only equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems but also we are well-assur'd that there 's no Mathematical Demonstration of Euclid more infallibly true in its self than is every one of them However we think it not fit to pull off the Vizor or expose those masked Truths to publick View since to endeavour the unmasking of them may prove a private Diversion both pleasant and profitable to the Ingenious Reader at his more vacant Hours we hastning in the mean time to the last Thing propos'd viz. SECT V. Concerning Land and Water THE Surface of the Terraqueous Globe to which we intirely restrict our selves both here and in the following Part of this Treatise being always considered by Geographers as a Supersicies compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts and these Parts being subdivided page 13. as followeth viz. Land into Continents Isthmus Islands Promontories Peninsula's Mountains Water into Oceans Straits Seas Lakes Gulfs Rivers Of all these separately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. Of CONTINENTS Commonly reckon'd Four viz. those of Europe Africa Asia America Europe North Scandinavia found from W. to E. Muscovia or Russia Middle France found from W. to E. Germany Poland South Spain found from W. to E. Italy Turky in Europe Asia North comprehending the vast Body of Tartary South China found from E. to W. India Persia Turky in Asia Africa Egypt found from N. to S. Barbary Bildulgerid Zaara or the Desert Land of the Negroes Guinea Nubia Ethiopia Interior Exterior America North Mexico or New Spain from S. to N. New Mexico or Nova Granada Florida Terra Canadensis Terra Arctica South Terra Firma from N. to S. Peru Land of the Amazons Brasil Chyli Paraguay Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica §. 2. Of ISLANDS They belong either to Europe Africa Asia America Europe The Scandinavian Islands Lying in the N. and Baltick-Sea The Island of Ice-land W. of Scandinavia The Britannick Islands N. of France The Azores W. of Spain The Mediterranean Islands S. of Europe Asia The Japan Islands E. of China The Philippin S. W. of Japan The Isles des Larrons E. of the Philippin The Moloccoes S. of the Philippin The Islands of the Sund W. of the Moluccoes Ceylon and the Maldives W. of the Isles of Sund. Africa more Remarkable Madagascar E. of Ethiopia The Isles of Cape Verde W. of Negroland The Canary Islands W. of Bildulgerid The Madera W. of Barbary Less Remarkable The Isles of Comore N. W. of Madagascar St. Thomas's Island W. of Ethiopia Lat. 00 The Princess Island W. of Ethiopia Lat. 3. St. Helena S. W. of St. Thomas Isle of Ascention N. E. of St. Helena America North are California W. of Nova Granada Newfoundland E. of Terra Canadensis Middle are the Antilles Greater Cuba E. of New Spain Jamaica Hispaniola Port-rito Lesser Caribees S. E. of the greater Antilles Lucayes S. E. of Florida Sotovento N. of Terra Firma Bermudas E. of Florida South is Terra del Fuogo S. of Terra Magellanica §. 3. Of PENINSULA's Europe Juitland adjacent to Germany Morea Greece Taurica Chersonesus Little Tartary Asia Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem the Continent of Asia extra Gangem the Continent Mallaca or Chersonese d'or Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem In Africa is none but Africa it self the W. of Asia America Mexico or North America South America Peru or South America North §. 4. Of ISTHMUS In Europe are the Isthmus of Corinth joining Morea to Greece Taurica Chersonesus Taurica Chersonesus to Little Tartary In Asia is the Isthmus of Malacca Malacca to Penins Indiae intra Gangem In Africa is the Isthmus of Swez Africa to Asia In America is the Isthmus of Panama Mexico and Peru. §. 5. Of PROMONTORIES or CAPES In Europe Cape Nord Extending from The Northmost part of Norway Cape la Hogue The N. of France The Lands-End The S. W. of England The Lizard The S. The Start The S. Cape de Finisterra The W. of Spain Cape de Rocca The W. Cape St. Vincent The W. Asia Cape Ningpo The E. of China Cape Comorin Penins Indiae inter Gangem Cape Razalgate S. E. part of Arabia Africa Cape Spartel The W. of Barbary Cape Verde The W. of Negroeland Cape of Good Hope The S. of Ethiopia exterior Cape of Guardifeu The N. E. part of Ethiopia exterior America Cape de Florida The S. of Florida Cape de Coriente The W. of New Spain Cape Froward The S. of Terra Magellanica Cape Hoorn The S. of Terra del Fuogo Cape de S. Augustine The E. of Brasil §. 6. Of MOUNTAINS Remarkable Mountains in Europe The Dolfrine Hills To be seen Between Sweden and Norway Boglowy In the Souther part of Moscovia Hyperborean Mountains In the Norther part The Sevennes In the South part of France Auvergne The Vauge In Lorraine Fitshtelberge In circulating Bohemia Schwartzwaldin In the S. of Germany viz. Suabia The Carpathean Mount In the South parts of Poland The Pyrenaean Hills Between Spain and France The Alps Between Italy and France Germany The Appenine Hills Dividing Italy into East West Vesuvius à Vulcano In the Kingdom of Naples Balkan In the N. of Macedon The Holy Mount In the E. of Macedon Lacha Between Thessaly and Macedon The Grampion Hills In Scotland viz. S. of the River Dee The Cheviot Hills Between Scotland and England Malvern Hills In England viz. Worcestershire The Peake In England viz. Darbyshire Snowdon In Wales viz. Carnarvenshire Plinlimmon In Wales viz. Cardiganshire Knock Patrick In Ireland viz. in the C. Limerick Stromboli à Vulcano In a little Island W. of Naples Aetna à Vulcano In the Island of Sicily Remarkable Mountains in Asia Imaus To be seen In Tartary Caucasus Between Tartary Mogul's Empire Sardonix On the N. of Penin intra Gangem Guaco In Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem Taurus reaching from E. to W. of all Asia Adam's Pike In the Island of Ceylon Africa Montes Lybici Between Zaara and Egypt Atlas In the W. of Barbary Bildulgerid Basili In the N. of the Abyssine Empire Amara Under the Eq. in the same Empire Montes Lunae Between Abyssine Empire Monomotapa Tenerife In the Island of Tenerife America The Apalachin Hills Between Florida Terra Canadensis The Andes In S. America running from S. to N §. 7. Of OCEANS Europ The Hyperborean Ocean Enclosing Europe in the North. The vast Western West Asia Tartarean Ocean Asia on the North. China East Indian South
readily found by travelling from the Mouth of the Rivers towards their Heads Therefore Remarkable Branches of the Dwina are Wayma Running S. W. Juga W. Volga are Sosowoia S. Occareca N. E. Seine are L'Oyse S. W. Marn Yonne N. W. Loir are Mayenne S. Le Sarte S. W. Le Loir Vienne N. W. Indre le Chere Allier Rhone are Durance S. W. Isere Saene S. Garrone are Dardonne W. Lot Tarne Danube are Pruth S. Misone S. E. Alouta S. Morawa N. Teyssa S. Drave E. Save Inn N. E. Iser Lech N. Iler Scheld are Ruppel running W. augmented by Senne N. Dyle Demer W. Dender N. Lis N. E. Scarpe Haisne W. Elme are Sost W. Haise Rhine are Lippe W Roer Moselle N. E. Lahn S. W. Maine W Neckar Maese are Dommel N. Niers N. W. Roer Ourt Sambre N. E. Semoy W Chiers Wiser are Aller W. augmented by Leine N. Ocker Fuld Elbe are Ilmenow N. W. Havel Saaldre N. Muldaw Oder are Warta W. Bober N. Westritz N. E. Nieper are Dizna S. W. Przypiecz or Pereptus N. E. Vistul is the Bugg N. turn W Niemen is the Vilna W. Ebro are Segre S. W. Cinca S. E. Gallega S. W. Xalo N. E. Guadalquivir Xenil W. Guardamena S. W. Guadiana are none remarkable Tago are Zatas W. Zezer S. Guadarran Xaruma Douro are Tonroes N. W. Tormes Arlanza S. W. Po are Oglio S E. Adda Tesine Tanero running E. turning N. augmented by Bormida  Stura N E. Sesia S. E. Dora Baltea Adige is Bachiglione S. Arno are Elsa N. W. Sieve E. turning S. Tiber are Quartitio W. Nera S. W. Chiane S. E. Volturno its chief Branch is Sabate W. These are all the Remarkable Branches of the Chief Rivers on the Continent of Europe And thus we are come to a Period not only of this Section but also of the First Part of this Treatise having now perform'd those five Things at first propos'd which was to entertain the Reader with some Geographical Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes as also a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water And so much for a General View thereof Now followeth Modern Geography PART II. Comprehending a PARTICULAR VIEW OF THE Terraqueous GLOBE BY a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe we understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries on the Face of the whole Earth according as they are represented by particular Geographical Maps as also a true and compendious Narrative of the chief Observables relating either to them or their Inhabitants All which may be briefly reduc'd to these following Heads viz. their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion In taking such a Prospect of all remarkable Countries we shall begin with Europe and travel through the various Divisions thereof in the same order as they are set down page 43. Therefore CHAP. I. Of EUROPE The Continent of Europe being divided Pag. 43. into VIII great Parts Viz Scandinavia Swedeland Capital City Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Moscovia or Russia Moscow France Paris Germany Vienna Poland Cracow Spain Madrid Italy Rome Turky in Europe Constantinople To these add the European Islands The Chief of which are Great Britain Cap. C. Those of London Edinburgh Ireland That of Dublin Of all these in their proper Places SWEDEN NORWAY SECT I. Concerning Scandinavia  d. m.  Miles Situated between 26 20 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 1030. 53 10 between 54 10 of Lat. Breadth is about 840. 71 06 Divided into the Kingdoms of Swedeland Ch. T. Stockholm Denmark Copenhagen Norway Bergen Swedeland comprehends Scania Chief Town Lunden from S. to N. Gothland Calmar Swedeland prop. Stockholm Lapland Tornia Finland Abo from N. to S. Ingria Notteborg or Oresca 〈◊〉 Riga Denmark â—â—â—tland Sleswick from W. to E. 〈◊〉 Islands Copenhagen Norway comprehends five Governments Of which hereafter More Particularly §. 1. SWEDELAND Scania contains the Provinces of Halland Ch. Town Helmstat W. to E. Bleking Christianstat Schonen Lunden Southward Gothland contains the Provinces of Vermelandia Chief Town Carolstadt N. to S. in the West part Dallia Daleburge Westrogoth Gottenburge Ostrogothia Norkoping N. to S. in th E. part Swedeland Smalandia Calmar Swedeland properly so call'd contains the Provinces of Sudermania Nikoping from S. to N. Nericia Orebro Westmania Arosen Uplandia those of Opsal and Stockolm Gestricia Geval Dalcarlia Hedemore Helsingia Hadswickwalt Medelpandia Selanger Jemptia Ressundt Angermannia Hernosand Lapland contains the Provinces of Uma Lapmark Uma from S. to N. Pitha-Lapmark Pitha Lula-Lapmark Lula Tornia-Lapmark Tornia Kimi-Lapmark Kimi Finland contains the Provinces of Cajania Cajaneburgh upon the Ula N. Finland Biorneberge W. to E. Tavastia Tavastus Savolaxia Nyslot Kexholmia Kexholm Carelia Wiborg E. to W. Nylandia Borgo S. Finland Abo Ingria contains the Provinces of Ingria propria Orcsca or Notteborg N. to S. W. Ingermania Caporio Solouski Juanagorod Livonia contains the Provinces of Lettenland Riga S. to N. Estland Narva §. 2. DENMARK Being divided into The Peninsula of Juitland The Danish Islands The Peninsula of Juitland comprehends North Juitland Ch. Town Wiborg South Juitland Sleswick D. of Holstein of which in Lower Saxony Juitland divided into North comprehends the Diocesses of Aalborg Chief Town Idem from N. to S. Wiborg Idem Arhusen Aarhus Ripen Idem South comprehends the Praefectures of Hedersleve Idem from N. to S. upon the Baltick Sea Appenrade Idem Flemborge Idem Gottorpe Sleswick Tonderen Idem N. to S. upon the Germany Sea Husum Idem Eyderstede Tonningen The chief of the Danish Islands are Zeland Funen c. Of which hereafter when we come to treat of Islands §. 3. NORWAY Divided into the Governments of Bahus Chief Town Idem S. to N. E. Aggerus Agger Bergenus Bergen Dronthemus Dronthem Wardus Idem This vast Continent of Scandinavia comprehending as aforesaid three distinct Kingdoms viz. those of Swedeland Denmark and Norway Of each of these seperately and in their Order Therefore §. I. SWEDELAND THIS Country formerly Succia a Part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Suezia by the Spaniards Suedia by the French Suede by the Germans Schweden and by the English Sueden or Swethland so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Sueones Suevi or Suethidi with the Addition of Land for Termination The Air of this Country is generally very Cold but if not too nigh some Lake or Marish very pure and wholesome yea so healthful to breath in that many of its Inhabitants do frequently live to an hundred years especially they who abstain from excessive drinking a thing too much practis'd by many of them The Antipodes to this People or the opposite Place of the Globe to Swedeland is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean comprehended between the 220th and 230th Degree of Longitude with 50 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this
Contains the Palatinate of Kamienieck Chief Town Idem W. to E. Braclaw Idem §. 4. Curland a Dukedom Contains D. of Curland Chief Town Goldingen W. to E. Seinegâ—llen Mittaw §. 5. Samogitia a Dukedom Contains the Territ of Rosâ—enne Chief Town Idem S. to N. Midnick Idem Schwnden Idem §. 6. Poloquia a Province Contains the Palatinate of Bressiti Chief Town Bresste S. to N. Beilskien Bielsk §. 7. Little Russia a Province Contains the Palatinate of Chelm Ch. T. Idem N. to S. Belz Idem Lemberg Idem or Lwow or Leopolis §. 8. Prussia a Dukedom Divided into Royal Westward Chief Town Dantzick W. to E. Ducal Eastward Koningsberg §. 9. Warsovia a Dukedom not divided It s Chief Town is Warsaw upon the Weisel §. 10. Polonia properly so called Divided into Lower Northward Upper Southward  Palat. of Posua Chief Town Idem W. to N. E. Kaliskic Gnesna Debrizin Idem Lower conttains the Plokskein Ploczko Siradia Idem W. to E. Lancicia Idem Rava Idem Provin of Cujava Uladislaw N. of Lancicia Upper contains the Palatinate of Lublin Idem N. to S. on the Weissel Sandomiria Sandomirz Cracovia Cracow THIS Country being a considerable Part of the Ancient Sarmatia Europaea is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Polonia by the French Pologne by the Germans Polen and by the English Poland so call'd according to the best conjectures from Polu or Pole which in the Sclavonic Language signify a Plain or Champagne Country fit for Hunting there being none of old more esteemed for that than it was The Air of this Country is of a different Nature according to the Nature and Situation of the different Parts of that Kingdom for in the Provinces towards the North-West it 's very Cold yet withal very pure and wholesome but towards the North-East particularly Lithuania it 's not only cold but also very gross and unwholesome which chiefly ariseth from the vast number of Lakes in that part of the Country whose standing Waters send up Infectious Vapours which intermixing with the Air do easily corrupt the whole Mass thereof The opposite Place of the Globe to Poland is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean lying between 215 and 234 Degrees of Longitude with 48 and 58 Degrees of South Latitude The Nature of the Air having still a great Influence on the Soil The North-West Provinces of this Kingdom it lying in the 9th 10 and 11th North Climate are abundantly fertil affording many sorts of Grain and Fruits not only enough for the Inhabitants but also to supply the wants of their Neighbours In the middle part of this Kingdom are some Mountains and those well stor'd with several Mines of Silver Copper Iron and Lead The Provinces towards the North and North-East are very barren iâ— Fruits and Corn being full of Woods Lakes and Rivers The longest Day in the North most Parts of this Kingdom is 17 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 8 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wax Linnen Boards Masts for Ships Pitch rich Furs Salt Amber Potashes Soap Corn Butter Cheese Rozin Flax Cordage Brimstone c. In the Cathedral of Gnesna is kept an inestimable Treasure of Gold Silver and enamelled Vessels given by divers Kings of Poland and Prelates of that See Under the Mountains adjacent to Kiow are divers Grotto's wherein are preserv'd a great number of Humane Bodies still entire although buried many Years ago â—â—â—ing neither so black nor hard as the Egyptian Mummies among these are two Princes array'd in the same Habit they usually wore when alive who are shown to Travellers by the Russian Monks The place where those Bodies are preserv'd is a dry sandy Ground much of the same Nature with the Catacombs at Rome In the Southern parts of Poland are divers Mountains out of which is dug Salt in large Masses as Stones out of a Quarry and out of others they dig natural Earthen Cups which being expos'd for some time in th' open Air become as hard as a Stone In the Deserts of Podolia is a Lake whose Waters do condense into solid Salt and that purely by the Heat of the Sun Near to Cracovia are the Mines of Sal-Gemme which being two hundred Fathoms deep do constantly imploy above a thousand Men and yield a vast Revenue to the King Near to Culm in D. of Prussia is a Fountain which constantly sends forth a mighty Sulphureous Steem and yet its Waters are never hot Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are two viz. those of Gnesna Leopol Bishopricks in this Kingdom are these following Cracow Colmensee Camieniec Kranostaw Posna Vilna Window Mednick Ploczkow Culm Lutzko Faussemberg Premislaw Kiow Universities in this Kingdom are those of Cracow Koninsberg Posna Vilna The Polanders are generally Men of handsome tall and well-proportion'd Bodies Men of a good and durable Complexion and of so strong and vigorous Constitutions that many of them prove the best of Soldiers being able to endure all the Fatigues of a Military Life The Nobility and Gentry do mightily affect the greatest Pomp and Grandeur they can whether in Diet Apparel or Equipage They are generally reckon'd very Affable and Courteous to Strangers extreamly Jealous of their Liberties and Priviledges but most Tyrannical towards the meaner sort of their own People treating the Peasants no better than mere Slaves and in some Places they exercise a Power of Life and Death upon their Domestick Servants Which absolute Power and severe Usage of the Nobles towards the Commonality together with the many Feuds between one another have produc'd not only many lamentable Disorders in this Kingdom but also occasion'd the final Revolt of the Cossacks One remarkable Quality of this People is their singular Care in Instructing of Youth in the Latin Tongue which Persons of most Ranks do usually speak very fluently yea and even many of the Female Sex are also good Proficients therein The Poles being Originally descended from the Sclavi do still speak a Dialect of the Sclavonian Tongue but the Poverty and Barrenness of their Language has oblig'd them to borrow many Words from the Germans especially Terms of Art It is hard for Strangers to learn the same to perfection the Pronounciation being extreamly harsh by reason of the vast multitude of Consonants they use The Lithuanians have a particular Language of their own which mightily abounds with corrupted Latin words In Livonia they have a Language peculiar to themselves which is a Dialect of the Lithuanian however the German Tongue doth mostly prevail in several Cities and the Russian in others Pater-Noster in the Polish Tongue runs thus Oyeza nasz ktory testes w niebissich swieczszie imie twoie Przydz krolistwo twoie badz wola twa jake w nibie tak y waziemi Chleba naszego pows reduie day nam dzisziay Vodpusc nam nasze winy jackoymy odpuszezamy naszym winowayzem Ynie wwodz nas na pokuszenie a le
unwholesome to Breath in which is chiefly occasion'd from much Marish Ground and many Lakes wherewith this Country abounds The opposite Place of the Globe to Hungary is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 218 and 233 Degrees of Longitude with 43 and 49 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 7th and 8th North Climate is very fruitful in Corn and Roots and various sorts of pleasant Fruit affording also excellent Pasturage and several of its Mountains produce some valuable Mines of Copper Iron Quicksilver Antimony and Salt Yea so noted is this Country for Mines that no less than Seven Remarkable Towns go by the Name of Mine Towns the Chief of which is Chremnuz whose Mine hath been wrought in about 900 Years The Length of the Days and Nights in Hungary is much the same as in the Southern Circles of Germany This being an Inland Country and thereby having no settl'd Trade with Foreign Parts we may reckon the Product of the Soil the Chief Commodities with which the Inhabitants deal with their Neighbours Here are many Natural Baths especially those at Buda which are reckon'd the noblest in Europe not only for their variety of Hot Springs but also the magnificency of their Buildings There are likeways two Hot Bagnio's near Transchin upon the Confines of Moravia and others at Schemnitz in Upper Hungary Besides which there are Waters in several Parts of this Country of a pettifying Nature and others that corrode Iron to such a degree that they 'll consume a Horse-shoe in twenty four Hours Near Esperies in Upper Hungary are two deadly Fountains whose Waters send forth such an infectious Steam that it kills either Beast or Bird approaching the same for the preventing of which they 're walled round and kept always cover'd Archbishopricks in this Country are those of Gran Colocza Bishopricks in this Country are those of Angria Quinque Ecclesiae Vesprin Neytracht Raab Great Waradin What Universities are establish'd in this Country since the retaking of it from the Infidels is uncertain The Hungarians more addicted to Mars than Minerva are generally lookt upon as good Soldiers being Men for the most part of a strong and well proportion'd Body valiant and daring in their Undertakings but reputed Cruel and Insulting when Conquerors The Hungarians have a peculiar Language of their own which hath little or no Affinity with those of the Neighbouring Nations save only the Sclavonic from which it hath borrow'd several Words and which is also spoken in some Parts of this Country as the German is in others Pater-Noster in the Hungarian Tongue runs thus My atyanc ki vagy az mennyekben szenteltessec mega te neved jojon el az te orszagod légven megâ te akaratod mint az menyben ugy itt ez foldonois az mimindennapi kenyirunket add meg nekunc ma es boczasd meg miné cunc az mi vet keinket miképpem miis megboczatunc azoknac az kic mi ellenunc vet keztenec es ne vigi minket az kisertetbe de szabadits meg minket az gonosztol Amen This Kingdom at present is Elective and being almost wholly recover'd from the Ottoman Slavery by the late successful Progress of the Imperial Arms is now dependent on the Jurisdiction of the Emperor who is stil'd King thereof The Assembly of the States consists of the Clergy Barons Noblemen and Free Cities who usually meet once every three Years which Assembly hath Power to elect a Palatin who by the Constitutions of the Realm ought to be a Native of Hungary and to him belongs the management of all Military Concerns as also the Administration of Justice in Affairs both Civil and Criminal See Germany The prevailing Religion in this Country is that of the Church of Rome especially since the late Conquests made by the Imperial Arms Next to it is the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin which is zealously maintain'd by great Multitudes of People and many of 'em are Persons of considerable Note Besides these are to be found most Sorts and Sects of Christians as also many Jews and Mahometans not a few This Kingdom receiv'd the Knowledge of the Blessed Gospel in the beginning of the Eleventh Century and that by the Industrious Preaching of Albert Archbishop of Prague §. 2. GREECE THIS Country formerly Graecia and Hellis is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Grecia by the French la Grece by the Germans Griechenland and by the English Greece why so call'd is variously conjectur'd of all by our Modern Criticks but the most receiv'd Opinion is that the Name derives its Original from an Ancient Prince of that Country call'd Graecus The Air of this Country being generally Pure and Temperate is reckon'd by all to be very pleasant and healthful to â—â—eathe in The opposite Place of the Globe to Greece is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 225 and 232 Degrees of Longitude with 36 and 42 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying under the 6th North Climate is not only very fit for Pasture there being much fertil Champaign Ground but also it affords good sloâ— of Grain where duly Manur'd and abounds with excellent 〈◊〉 and other delicious Fruits The longest Day in the Noâ—â— most part of Greece is about 15 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 9 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably 〈…〉 Commodities of this Country are reckon'd 〈…〉 Oyl Turkey-Leather Coke Soap Honey Wax c. At 〈◊〉 a little Village on the South of M. 〈◊〉 now 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 are some Inscriptions which â—vince it to have been the Ancient Delphi so famous all the World over for the Oracle of Apollo 2 On the aforesaid Mountain is a pleasant Spring which having several Marble Seeps descending â—o it and many Niches made in the Rock for Statues give 〈◊〉 to think that this was the renowned â—ons Castchue or Caballinus which inspir'd as People then imagin'd the Ancient Poets 3. In Livadia the Ancient Achaia is a hideous Cavern in a Hill which was very famous of old for the Oracles of Trophonius 4. Between the large Lake of Livadia and the Eubaean Sea whose shortest distance is four Miles are upwards of forty wonderful Subterraneous Passages hewen out of the firm Rock and that quite under a huge Mountain to let the Water have a Vent otherways the Lake being surrounded with Hills and constantly suppli'd by several Rivulets from these Hills would still overflow the Adjacent Country 5. On M. Oneius in the Isthmus of Corinth are the Remains of the Isthmian Theatre being the Place where the Isthmian Games were formerly celebrated 6. Here are also some Vestigia of that Wall built by the Lacedemonians from one Sea to the other for securing the Peninsula from the Incursions of the Enemy 7. Through most Parts of Greece are still extant the Ruins of many Heathen Temples especially that of the
Armenians The principal Points whereof are these Three 1 They allow the Apostolick and Nicene Creeds but agree with the Greeks in asserting the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father only 2 They believe that Christ at his Descent into Hell freed the Souls of all the Damn'd from thence and repriev'd them till the end of the World when they shall be remanded to Eternal Flames 3 They also believe that the Souls of the Righteous are not admitted to the Beatisical Vision until after the Resurrection and yet they Pray to Saints departed adore their Pictures and burn Lamps before them praying likeways for the Dead in general They use Confession to the Priest and of late have been taught the strange Doctrine of Transubstantiation by Popish Emissaries dispers'd through most Parts of this large Country but they still give the Eucharist in both Species to the Laity and use unleavened Bread soak'd in Wine In administring the Sacrament of Baptism they plunge the Infant thrice in Water and apply the Chrism with consecrated Oyl in Form of a Cross to several Parts of the Body and then touch the Child's Lips with the Eucharist These are the chief Tenets and Practices of the Armenians in Religious Matters But to these we may add that vast multitude of Fasts and Festivals which they punctually observe one fourth part of the Year being such and truly it is in the Observation of 'em that the very Face of the Christian Religion is as yet kept up among this People Christianity was planted in these Parts of the World in the earliest Ages of the Church Bartholomew the Apostle being generally reckon'd the chief if not first Propagator thereof SECT VI. Concerning the Asiatick Islands Reduc'd page 45. to Six Classes viz. The Japan Islands The Philippin Islands The Isles des Larrons The Moluccoes The Islands of the Sund. The Maldives and Ceylon The chief of the Japan are Japan Remarkable Towns are Meaco from N. E. to S. W Tonsa Sanuqui Bongo Idem The chief of the Philippin are Luconia Idem from N. to S. Tandaya Achen Mindana Idem In the Islands des Larrons None The chief of the Moluccoes are Celebes Idem W. to E. Gilolo Idem Ceram Cimbelo The chief of the Isles of the Sund are Borneo Idem Under the Equator Sumatra Achem Java Materan S. of Borneo Sumatra at The chief of the Maldives is Male None In the Island of Ceylon Candea These Islands as aforsaid being reduc'd to Six Classes of each of these Classes seperately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. The Japan Islands THESE Islands thought by some to be the Jabadii of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Giapone by the Spaniards Islas del Japon by the French les Isles du Japon by the Germans die Japanische Insuln and by the English The Japan Islands but why so call'd I find no satisfactory Account among Criticks The Air of these Islands doth much encline to Cold but is generally esteem'd very wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Japan is that part of the Paragueyan Ocean lying between 340 and 350 Degrees of Longitude with 30 and 40 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of these Islands is reckon'd abundantly fertil in Grain Roots and divers sorts of pleasant Fruits as also the Ground though much overspread with Forests and incumbered with vast Mountains is very fit for Pasturage and well stockt with multitudes of Cattle The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same as in the middle Provinces of China they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold Silver Elephants Teeth Rice and most sorts of Minerals There is in Japan according to the Testimony of Varenius a very remarkable Fountain whose Water is almost equally hot with boiling Oyl it breaks forth only twice a Day for the space of one Hour during which time the Eruption is so violent that nothing can withstand the strength of its Current for with such a mighty force doth the Water burst out that 't is said to raise up and throw away the greatest Stone they can lay over the Mouth of the Fountain and that with such a noise that it frequently resembles the Report of a great Gun 2. In the same Island is a prodigious high Mountain generally suppos'd to equal and by some to surpass the famous Pike of Tenerife being visible almost forty Leagues off at Sea though eighteen distant from the Shore 3. In this Cluster of Islands are commonly reckon'd no less than eight different Vulcano's whereof some are very terrible Here also is great variety of Medicinal Waters and many hot Springs besides that most remarkable one abovemention'd 4. In the City of Meaco is a mighty Colossus of gilded Coper to which People pay their Devotions Of such a prodigious bigness is that Pagod that being set in a Chair which is eighty Foot broad and seventy high no less than fifteen Men may conveniently stand on his Head His Thumb is said to be fourteen Inches about and proportionable to it is the rest of his Body In this City are reckon'd about seventy Heathen Temples and one of 'em is said to be furnisht with no fewer than 3333 gilded Idols Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Japanners being People of an Olive-colour'd Complexion are generally of a tall Stature strong Constitution and sit to be Soldiers They 're said to have vast Memories nimble Fancies and solid Judgments They are abundantly Fair and Just in their Dealings but naturally Ambitious Cruel and Disdainful to all Strangers especially those of the Christian Religion admitting none such to Traffick with 'em save only the Dutch who to monopolize an advantagious Trade are so complaisant to those Pagan People as to suspend the very Profession of Christianity during their abode among them The Japonese Tongue is said to be very Polite and Copious abounding with many Synonimous Words which are commonly us'd according to the Nature of the Subject as also the Quality Age and Sex both of the Speaker and the Person to whom the Discourse is directed These Islands are Govern'd by several Petty Kings and Princes or Tanes who are all subject to one Sovereign still'd The Emperor of Japan His Government is altogether Despotical and his Subjects adore him as a God never daring to look him in the Face and when they speak off him they turn their Countenances down to the Earth Peculiar to the Emperors of Japan is the following Custom viz. that they esteem it a kind of Sacriledge to suffer either Hair or Nails to be cut after Coronation The Emperor of Japan according to the Relation of the Ambassadors of the Dutch East-India Company beats Or six Stars Argent in an Oval Shield and hordered with little points of Gold But according to others his Arms are Sables with three Tresoils Argent
and 235 Degrees of Longitude with 22 and 32 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is somewhat Barren the Ground for the most part being very Sandy yet in some low Valleys is found Corn and great Quantity of Dates The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very few they chiefly consisting in Corn Cattle Dates and Indigo A certain River whose Origine is in Mount Atlas but watereth the Plains of Bildulgerid in its main Body passing by a Town call'd Teolacha hath a Current of Water extreamly warm and is known to European Travellers by no other Name than la Riviere Chaude or the Hot River 2. There 's another River issuing out of the Mountains of Numidia and passing by the four Forts of Ifran disgorgeth it self into the main Ocean between Bojadore and the Town of Nun which in the Winter-time when other Rivers do usually swell over their Banks grows commonly dry and goes thereupon by the Frank Name of la Riviere Seche 3. Nigh the aforesaid Teolacha is a little Village call'd Deusen which is of great Antiquity being built by the Romans as appears by the Remains of several Structures and some Roman Sepulchres besides variety of Medals found frequently after a Rain having commonly a Head upon one side of 'em with Latin Inscriptions and Trophies on the other Vid Dapper 's late Description of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Country besides the Natives being chiefly Arabs are generally Ignorant Cruel Lecherous and much given to Robbing All we can learn of the Language commonly us'd by the Natives of this Country is that 't is as Rude and Barbarous as they themselves The Arabs here residing do still retain their own Tongue This great Body is subject unto several little Kings or Lords who for the most part are Tributary to the Great Turk and Emperor of Morocco Some places are govern'd in Form of Independent Commonwealths and others are without any kind of Government or Order among them The Religion profess'd by the Savage Inhabitants of this Country is that of Mahometanism but many of 'em are sunk into the grossest Stupidity as to Religious Matters either not knowing what they profess or professing as good as none at all Here are several Jews scatter'd up and down those places best inhabited The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country much about the same time with Barbary Of which already SECT IV. Concerning Zaara or the Desert  d. m. Situated between 02 00 of Long. Itsgreatest Length from W to E. is about 2340 Miles 50 00 between 21 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 330 Miles 28 00 Zaara or the Desert comprehends the Provinces of Borno Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Gaogo Idem Bardoa Idem Lempta Idem Targa Idem Zuenziga Idem Zanhaga Tagassa THIS Country a Part of Ancient Lybia the Seat of the Getuli and Garamantes is term'd by the Italians Zaara by the Spaniards Zaara o Desierto by the French Zahara ou Desert by the Germans Zaara or Wijste and by the English Zaara or the Desert so call'd by the Arabians the Name signifying a Desert because 't is a Country very Barren and thinly inhabited The Air of this Country is much the same as in Bildulgerid only a little more hot yet very wholsome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Zaara is that part of Mare del Zur and Mare Pacificum dying between 182 and 243 Degrees of Longitude with 21 and 28 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate being generally very Dry and Sandy is not fertil either for Corn or Fruits yea 't is generally so barren that its Inhabitants can hardly live Such are those vast Deserts and terrible Mountains of Sand in this Country that Travellers are frequently reduc'd to great Extremities being liable either to be overwhelm'd with Sand if a Tempest of Wind arise or to perish with Thirst if it chance not to Rain To prevent the last of these the first being unavoidable in case of Wind they commonly kill one of their Camels and drink the Water in his Stomach those Creatures taking in so large a quantity at one time as sufficeth Nature for fourteen or fifteen Days together The longest Day in the Northmost Part is about 13 Hours¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very inconsiderable they chiefly consisting in a few Camels Dates and Cattle Nigh to C. Bojadore on the West of Zahara are certain Banks of Sand stretching along that part of the Coast towards which so strong a Current sets in that the Water being in a mighty Agitation both Waves and Sand mixing together do not only resemble a boiling Salt-pan but also they frequently mount up to a prodigious height 2. In the Desert of Araoan are two Tombs with Inscriptions upon 'em importing that the Persons there interr'd were a rich Merchant and a poor Carrier who both di'd of Thirst and that the former had given ten thousand Ducats for one Cruise of Water 3. North of Gaogo are some Vesligia of the Ancient Cyrene the chief City of Lybia Cyrenaica and formerly one of the famous Pentapolis Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Inhabitants of this Country being mostly Arabs are an Ignorant Brutish and Savage kind of People resembling rather Wild Beasts than Rational Creatures What was said of the Language spoken by the Natives of Bildulgerid the same may be affirm'd of that commonly us'd in this Country viz. that it 's as Rude and Barbarous as they who speak it This great Country is subject to several particular Lords whom they term Xeques but many of 'em wander up and down hunting in great Companies accounting themselves Independant This Country being stockt with Arabs the only Religion here profess'd is that of Mahomet's but so Barbarous and Brutish is the generality of this People that many of 'em live without the least sign of Religion among them The Christian Faith was once planted here but quite exterminated towards the beginning of the Eighth Century SECT V. Concerning the Land of the Negroes  d. m. Situated between 00 10 of Long. It s greatest Length from W. to E. is about 2280 Miles 46 20 between 10 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 600 Miles 23 10 The Land of the Negroes comprehends the Provinces of Genohoa Chief Town Idem From W. to E. upon the North of the Niger Galata Idem Tombut Idem Agades Idem Cano Idem Cassena Idem Guangara Idem Melli Idem From W. to E. upon the South of the Niger Mandinga Idem
and Angola have each of 'em a peculiar Language of their own In the Eastern Divisions particularly Ajan and Abex the Arabian with Variation of Dialect doth chiefly prevail but the Language in use among those of the Cafres especially the Hotantots doth seem to be only a confus'd and inarticulate Noise and Bellowing The various Divisions of this great Body are subjected to various Sovereigns particularly the Kingdoms of Biafara and Congo are rul'd by their own Kings to whom several Princes are subject The Empires of Monomotapa and Monoemungi are govern'd by their respective Emperors who are reckon'd powerful Princes and to them several Kings are Tributary The People inhabiting the South and South-East Coasts of this great Body except those of the Cafres who know little or nothing of Government are subject to several Princes as Zanguebar is govern'd by some petty Kings of its own and many Places on the Sea Coasts are Tributary to the Portugueses The Coast of Abex doth principally belong to the Turk And lastly Ajan is partly under the Turk and partly it s own Kings The numerous Inhabitants of these many Countries are generally gross Idolaters excepting those of Zanguebar Ajan and Abex who incline to Mahometanism and some on the Coasts of the Cafres particularly the Hottantots abovemention'd do live without any sign of Religion being destitute both of Priest and Temple and never shew any token of Devotion among 'em except we reckon their Dancing at the Full and New Moon for such In the Kingdom of Loango the generarality of People entertain a certain faint Idea of God whom they term Sambian-Pongo but being sunk into the blackest Idolatry they admit of many ridiculous Superstitions in their way of Worship However the Inhabitants of Malemba in the same Kingdom do vastly surpass their Neighbours and by some wonderful Marks of Natural Religion do publickly baffle their gross Stupidity for of them we 're credibly inform'd that they set apart every fifth Day for Publick Worship at which times one of reputed Integrity makes a Publick Oration deterring them from the Commission of Murther Stealth Impurity or such like and to enforce his Exhortation he backs the same with the powerful Topicks of Rewards and Punishments in a Future State affrighting their Conscience with a miserable State in the Society of Benimbe i. e. the Devil on one hand and solacing their Minds on the other with the hopes of enjoying Zammampoango by which they mean God or the Maker of this Visible World They likeways use Circumcision admitting their Children into their Religion by that Ceremony which is perform'd by one of themselves set apart for that Office SECT IX Concerning the African Islands The African Islands being More remarkable as Madagascar The Isles of Cape Verde The Canary Islands The Madera Less remarkable as Zocotora Isles of Comore S. Thomas The Princess Island Anobon S. Helena The Isle of Ascension Madagascar containing many Provinces but very uncertain it s Chief Town is Fanshere upon the S. E. part of the Island Islands of Cape Verde are St. Anthony W. to E. Chief Town of all is S. Jago in the Isle S. Jago S. Vincent S. Lucia S. Nicolas Insula de Sal Bonavista N. E. to S. W. Mago Jago Insula del Fuego Brava The Canary Islands are Lancerota From E. to W. Chief Town of all is Canaria in the Island Canaria Forte ventura Canaria Teneriffe Gomera Ferro Palma Madera lying in 32 deg 30 min. North Latitude It s Chief Town is Tunchal or Tonzal THE most remarkable of the African Islands being here reduc'd to Four Classes viz. Madagascar Cape Verde Islands the Canaries and Madera we shall particularly consider them and then take a General View of all the rest Therefore §. 1. Madagascar THIS Island unknown to the Ancients is term'd by the Spaniards Isla de San Lorenzo by the French St Laurence otherways Dauphine by the Italians Germans and English Madagascar which Name was us'd by the Natives and still retain'd As to the Title of St. Laurence the same was given to this Island by the Portugueses it being on St. Laurence Day that they made their first Discovery of it The Air of this Island is generally very temperate and by most affirm'd to be exceeding wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Madagascar is the South Part of California The Soil of this Island is extraordinary fruitful in many Parts thereof affording all things necessary for the Life of Man in great plenty The length of the Days and Nights in Madagascar is the same as in Monoemungi they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Rice Hides Wax Gums Christal Steel Copper Ebony and Wood of all sorts Towards the Eastern Part of this Island is a pleasant and fertil Valley call'd Ambouse which is stockt with several rich Mines of Iron and Steel and yields great store of the Oyl of Sejanum 2. Nigh to the aforesaid Valley is an excellent Medicinal Well of hot Water which proves a ready Cure for Cold Distempers in the Limbs 3 In the same Neighbourhood is a high Mountain on whose Top is a remarkable Spring of very Salt Water though upwards of thirty Leagues from the Sea 4. In this Island especially the Southern Provinces are most sorts of Mineral Waters very different both in Colour Taste and Qualities and some places afford large Pits of Bitumen 5. In this Island is also a River whose Gravel is so exceeding hot that there 's no treading upon it and yet the Water of that River is extreamly hot The Natives of Madagascar are reported to be a Lecherous Ignorant Inhospitable and Treacherous Sort of People they hate Polygamy and still punish Murder by Death Divers singular Customs prevail in several Parts of this Island particularly these two First If any Woman be safely delivered of a live Child and afterwards dye in Child-Bed the living Child is buried with the dead Mother being better say they that the Child should dye than live having no Mother to look after it The other is The exposing of their Children to wild Beasts if brought forth upon an unlucky Day as they term it or during some unfortunate Aspects of the Planets as their Ombiasses or Priests pretend to tell them So numerous are those Days they reckon unlucky that almost one half of the Year is accounted such and hence it is that this Island is so thinly stockt with Inhabitants Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Language here commonly us'd is as barbarous as they who speak it Almost every Province hath its peculiar Dialect yet not so different but that they understand one another so that the Natives of this Island may be said to have but one Tongue in common among 'em all This Island is subject to many particular Lords commonly call'd Rohandrians who are continually at War among themselves
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow
contains a good quantity of Liquor as limpid as the best Fountain-water and the Surface thereof is cover'd with a pure Oilysubstance This Liquor being a little boil'd tastes like a good palatable Wine if much boil'd 't is extreamly sweet and if long kept unboil'd no Vinegar is sowrer 3. In the Audience of Guatimala are several remarkable Vulcano's particularly that near Rea-Lejo which towrs up like a Sugar-loaf to a great height and always Smokes As also the burning Mountain of Leon West of the Lake Nicaragua which frequently evacuates Fire as well as Smoke 4. Nigh to Guatulco on the Western Coast is a great hollow Rock call'd by the Spaniards Buffadore which having a large Hole in its top make a hideous Noise at every Surge of the Sea and spouts up Water as a Whale to a prodigious height 5. In some Parts of this Country are several Springs of Water so impregnorated with certain Minerals that the Current issuing from them is of so darkish a Colour that it resembles a Stream of Ink. 6 Remarkable is the Lake of Mexico for several particulars As First It s having two sorts of Water viz. Fresh and Salt Secondly That the Fresh is usually Calm and aboundeth with Fishes whereas the Salt is for the most part Boisterous and breedeth none Thirdly In the middle of this Lake is a pleasant Rock out of which doth issue a considerable Stream of hot Water much esteem'd off for several Distempers Lastly Upon this Lake are several delightful Artificial Gardens well stockt with variety of Herbs and Flowers and moveable from one place to another being supported by large Floats of Timber Vid. J. Acosta his Natural and Moral History of the Indies Here is one Spanish Archshoprick viz. that of Mexico Spanish Bishopricks erected here are those of Merida Chiapa St. Jago de los Cavalleras Mechoaca Honduras Leon in Nicaragua Guaxaca Vera paz Antequera Guadalajara Pueblo de los Angelos The Natives of this Country are now esteem'd a People very Civil and Docile and extraordinary faithful to those they love Some of 'em are also wonderfully Ingenious especially in Painting and making most lively Pictures with various colour'd Feathers of certain little Birds call'd Cincons Others are said to Play incomparably well upon divers Musical Instruments In short the generality of this People is so civiliz'd that they live after the manner of the Spaniards save a few commonly residing in the Mountains who continue as Wild and Savage as ever The Spaniards here residing are much the same with those in Spain The prevailing Language in this Country is the Spanish it being not only in use among the Spaniards but also the Natives themselves who generally understand and speak the same The various Dialects of their Ancient Jargon do daily decrease and in a few Generations will be quite extinguish'd This large and pleasant Country was of old subject unto and rul'd by its own Sovereign Princes call'd Kings of Mexico and had continued according to probable Conjectures a mighty and flourishing Monarchy for many Ages before 't was invaded by the Spaniards But being fully conquer'd by them with only a handful of Men Anno 1521. under the Valiant Ferdinando Gortez it hath ever since remained subject to the Crown of Spain being govern'd by a Vice-Roy commonly residing at Mexico and to him is intrusted the oversight of all the Governors of the various Provinces belonging to his Catholick Majesty in North America Arms. None The Inhabitants of this Country are partly Christian partly Pagan and as 't were a mixture of the two The Spaniards are rigid Papists according to the strict Profession of Popery in their own Country Of the Natives many do still retain their heathenish Worship and indeed multitudes are converted to Christianity according to the Doctrine of the Church of Rome but by our latest Accounts they 're hardly persuaded as yet of the Truth of those Doctrines taught them SCET. II. Concerning New Mexico or Nova Granada This Country is of no certain Extent nor Division its chief Town is S. Fee or New Mexico upon the River North. THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards Anno 1540. is term'd by the Italians Granada Nouella by the Spaniards Nueva Granada by the French Nouelle Granada by the Germans Neu Granada and by the English New Mexico or Nova Granada It was call'd Mexico after the Empire of that Name describ'd in the foregoing Section and the Epithet Neuva or New was added by the Spaniards to distinguish it from the said Empire its Discovery being posterior to that of Mexico The Title of Nova Granada was also given it by the Spaniards and that from a Province of the same Name in their own Country The Air of this Country according to the Climate is abundantly temperate and generally esteem'd very wholesome to breath in but attended with the great Inconveniency of frequent Hurricanes besides Thunder and Lightning The opposite Place of the Globe to Nova Granada is that part of the Ethiopick Ocean lying between 70 and 90 Degrees of Longitude with 20 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude This Country is but badly known and the Soil of those Parts already discover'd very ordinary being generally a dry faudy barren Ground far inferior to most other Countries in America belonging to the Spaniards Its Bounds being undetermin'd especially in the Northmost Parts we can say nothing of the true Extent of its Days and Nights This Country being none of the best and but rarely frequented by Strangers its Commodities are very few Cattle being the chief or only thing they Trade in What things in Nova Granada do truly merit the Epithets of Rare and Curious we must refer to the better Discovery of after Ages our knowledge of this Country being as yet but very slender Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Inhabitants of this Country except those call'd Panches in the Southmost Parts are said to be of a much less Savage Temper than most of the wild Americans They are much given to Hunting and several of 'em understand Agriculture tollerably well The Spaniards here residing do commonly use the Spanish Tongue As for the Natives of this Country they retain their own Jargon of which we can give no account The New Mexicans are still govern'd by certain Captains of their own call'd Caciques but the Spaniards here residing and those of the civilized Natives are rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by the King of Spain whose place of Residence is ordinarily at Santa Fee upon the River Nort. The Natives of this Country are generally gross Idolaters and many of 'em have little or no Sign of Religion at all The Spaniards here residing are the same in Religion with those in Europe SECT III. Concerning Florida  d. m. Situated between 276 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from E. to W. is about 1000
Miles 297 00 between 26 50 of Latit Breadth from S. to N. is about 600 Miles 40 00 The large Country of Florida being of no certain Divisions its chief Towns are Coca in the main Land S. Augustine in the Peninsula of Tegeste S. Maâ—hea in the Peninsula of Tegeste THIS Country first discover'd by Sebastian Cabot Anno 1497. but more particularly afterwards by John Dâ—pony a Spaniard who took Possession thereof in the Name of his Catholick Majesty Anno 1527. is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Florida by the French Floride by the Germans and English Florida so call'd by the Spaniards either because they arriv'd at it on Palm-Sunday which they term Pascha Florida or because they found the Country full of Flowers at their arrival The Air of this Country is said to be so extraordinary temperate that according to our latest Accounts the Inhabitants live to a great Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Florida is that part of the East Indian Ocean lying between 96 and 110 Degrees of Longitude with 26 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 5th and 6th North Climate is wonderfully fertil abounding in most sorts of Grain Herbs and Fruit. It 's also well stor'd with Venison and Fowl inrich'd with considerable Mines of Gold and Silver especially those of the Appalachine Mountains and here they fish vast numbers of valuable Pearls The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 14 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 9 Hours and the Nights proportionably This Country being slenderly known in the Inland Parts and even those next the Sea but little frequented by Strangers its Commodities are very few yet very costly viz. Gold Silver Pearls and Furs In several Parts of Florida grows a certain Tree about the bigness of an ordinary Apple-Tree the Juice of whose Fruit the Natives use to squeeze out and therewith anoint their Arrows being a rank sort of Poison If there be no Fruit then they break off a Branch and out of it do press a milky Substance equally poisonous with the Juice of the Fruit. So strong a Poyson is this Tree that if a few handfuls of its Leaves are bruised and thrown into a large Pond of standing-Standing-Water all sorts of Beasts that happen to come and drink thereof do suddenly swell and burst asunder Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 8. Cap. 1. In Bahama an Island near C. Florida is the famous Bahama-Spider the biggest of all the Species being two Inches long and deservedly term'd Phalangium Maximum Indicum He hath six Eyes and those not so big as the smallest Pin's head Some of these remarkable Insects are to be seen in the Publick Musoeum of Gresham Colledge London Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Floridins are naturally White but by anoincing themselves both Men and Women with a certain Oyntment they still appear of an Olive-colour They are tall of Stature well proportion'd lovers of War and ordinarily go quite naked except a small piece of Deer-Sâ—in which many wear about their middle The Language of the Natives doth very much 〈◊〉 in Dialect according to different Parts of this Country The few Spaniards here residing do still retain the Spanish The Natives of this Country are subject to several Lords of their own term'd Paroustes or Caciques one of whom is said to have the Precedency and is generally respected by the rest as an Emperor The Spanish Colonies on the Sea-Coasts have their peculiar Governors appointed by his Catholick Majesty The Natives of this Country are gross Idolaters worshipping the whole Host of Heaven especially the Sun to whom they attribute the good fortune of all their Victories and return him thanks accordingly They mightily respect their Priests who are generally great Sorcerers and call them by the Name of Joanas and in some places Jowa's Several Missionaries were sent into this Country in the Days of Charles the Fifth but the Savage Inhabitants quickly destroy'd them SECT IV. Concerning Terra Canadensis  d. m. Situated between 290 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from E to W. is about 1500 Miles 330 00 between 30 00 of Latit Breadth from S. to N. is about 1920 Miles 62 00 It being divided into North the River Canada South North comprehends Terra Canadensis propria Chief Town From N. to S. Nova Britannia Nova Francia Quibeck South comprehends Nova Scotia Port Royal The English Territor viz. Those of New England Boston From N. E. to S. W. New York Idem N. Jersey East Elisabeth West Elsingburgh Pensilvania Philadelphia  Maryland Baltimore Virginia James Town Carolina Charles Tow. TERRA Canadensis so call'd from the River Canada being a vast Complex Body consisting of several large and considerable Countries and particularly those in which the English Nation is chiefly concern'd we shall distinctly consider its various Divisions especially those of the English Empire and that in the same Order laid down in the foregoing Table Therefore §. 1. Terra Canadensis propria THIS Country being the Northmost of all the rest is esteem'd none of the best But being so slenderly known as yet we pass on to §. 2. Nova Britannia WHICH Country is likeways of a very ordinary Soil by what we find and almost as thinly Inhabited and little frequented as the former We shall therefore make no stay therein but proceed to §. 3. Nova Francia THIS Country is reckon'd to be much colder than most others in the same Latitude however 't is said to be bless'd with a Soil abundantly fruitful and is chiefly furnisht with Stags Bears Hares Martins Foxes Conies and great store of Fish and Flesh The French here residing about six thousand in number do commonly trade in Bever Mouse Skins and Furs This being all that 's remarkable of it we continue our Progress to the next Division viz. §. 4. Nova Scotia WHICH Country first discover'd by Sebastian Cabot at the Charge of Henry the Seventh was once inhabited by a Scotch Colony sent over Anno 1622. by Sir William Alexander then Lord Secretary of Scotland to whom King James by Letters-Patent made a Donation thereof but that Colony failing the French became Masters of the Country and settled themselves therein calling it by the Name of Accadie But leaving these Northern Parts of Terra Canadensis as Countries little known and of less Note unto us Proceed we to that which more nearly concerns us viz. a particular View of the various Parts of the Western English Empire and that according to their Order as they lie in the foregoing Table The first whereof is §. 5. New England THIS Country discover'd first by the English under the Conduct of the two Cabots Anno 1497. and afterwards taken Possession of for Queen Elizabeth by Sir Philip Amadas Anno 1458. is term'd by the Italians Inghilterra Nouella by the Spaniards
and 157 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 37 Degrees of North Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 2d 3d 4th and 5th South Climate is esteem'd to be very fertil in most places producing abundance of Corn Wine Fruits and Herbs and here also are several considerable Mines The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country at least the Product thereof are reckon'd to be some Gold Silver Brass Iron Sugars Amethists c. Upon Rio de la Plata are frequently seen and sometimes kill'd divers kinds of Serpents of a prodigious bigness 2. Towards the Northern Parts of Paraguay is a certain Champaign Country about six Leagues square which is all over-spread with an excellent sort of Salt and that to a considerable height 3. In the Western Parts of Tucoman is a prodigious high and large Mountain which for its wonderful Glistering in a clear Sun-shine-day is call'd the Chrystal Mountain Under it is extended a hideous Cave-passage through which doth glide a considerable Current of Water with so many windings and turnings that from the time of its entry under the Mountain to its issuing forth on the other side is almost the space of twenty four or thirty Hours according to the Computation of the Portugueses who were so adventurous as to make the Experiment and that by hazarding their Persons upon a Roft made of Canes Vid. Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 6. Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Rio de la Plata To the Archbishoprick of Rio de la Plata are several Suffragans viz those of St. Jago de Lestero Assumption Panama Paraguay As for Universities here are none The Paraguayans though Persons of very big and tall Bodies are nevertheless reported to be very nimble and much given to Running They are said to be somewhat Laborious and less Savage than many others of the adjacent Nations yet a little enclin'd to a revengeful Humour against those who chance to wrong them All we can learn of the Language mostly in use among the Natives is in general that 't is a very harsh and unpleasant Jargon as the Plurality of the Indian Tongues are The Spaniards here residing do commonly use their own Language The Natives of this Country according to our latest Accounts are in a great part subject to their own Captains or Caciques whom they chuse among themselves and under whose Conduct they go out to War A considerable Part of this Country doth belong to the King of Spain who ordinarily keepeth one Governor at St. Jago in Tucoman and another at Assumption in Rio de la Plata both of 'em being answerable to the Vice-Roy of Peru. The Natives of this Country are generally gross Idolaters yet 't is reported of 'em that they 're more capable of learning our Arts and Religion than most of the other Americans And some speak of a Tradition spread among 'em importing that certain Priests shall come into their Country and instruct them of a new Religion whereby they shall be most happy in another World The Spaniards here residing are as in Spain rigid Papists SECT XII Concerning Terra Magellanica THIS Southmost Part of the Continent of South America call'd also Regio Patagonum derives its Title from Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguize who made the first Discovery thereof Anno 1519. as also of that famous Streight which still bears his Name he being the first for ought we know that ever pass'd through the same Many things equally frivolous as ridiculous are related of this Country and its Inhabitants with which I shall neither trouble my self nor the Reader but proceed to SECT XIII Concerning Terra Antarctica BY Terra Antarctica we understand all those unknown and slenderly discover'd Countries towards the Southern Parts of the Globe the chief of which do bear the Names of New Guinea New Zealand New Holland and which may comprehend these and all the rest Terra Australis incognita Which Southern Countries though they belong not to the Continent of America yet we chuse to mention 'em in this place since the Southmost Part of the Continent of South America doth extend it self farther towards the South than any Part or Headland of the old Continent What was said of the Northmost Countries Sect. 5. under the Title of Terra Arctica viz. that our knowledge of them did reach little farther than their bare Names so the same may be affirm'd of those that bear the Title of Terra Antarctica Leaving them therefore to the better Discovery of Future Ages we pass on to SECT XIV Concerning the American Islands Reduc'd page 45. to three Classes North viz. those of California Newfound-Land Middle viz. the Antilles Greater Cuba Jamaica Hispamola Port-rico Lesser Caribees Lucayes Sotovento Bermudas South viz. the Island of Terra del Fuogo Of which Islands distinctly and in their order Therefore §. 1. California THIS Island was formerly esteem'd a Peninsula but now found to be intirely surrounded with Water It s North part was discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577. and by him call'd New Albion where erecting a Pillar he â—â—stâ—ed thereon the Arms of England The Inland parts thereof were afterwards search'd into and being found to be only a dry barren cold Country Europeans were discourag'd from sending Colonies to the same so that it still remains in the hands of the Natives And there being nothing remarkable relating either to them or it we shall proceed to § 2. New-found Land THIS Island discovered first by the two Cabots at the charge of Henry the 7th of England Anno 1497. but more particularly by Thorn and Eliot of Bristol Anno 1527. and the English Title thereto being renew'd in the name of Queen Elizabeth Anno 1583. a Colony was settl'd therein about 30 years afterwards is term'd by the Italians Terra Novella by the Spaniards Tierra Nueva by the French Terre Neuve by the Germans Newfunden Land and by the English Newfound Land the derivation of which Name is sufficiently express'd in the Name it self Notwithstanding this Island is situated between the Parallels that pass through the Southern part of England and Northern of France yet the Air thereof doth extreamly differ from that in either of these Countries it being subject to a greater excess of heat in the Summer and more pinching cold in the Winter than commonly happens in them The opposite place of the Globe to New found-land is that part of Terra Australis incognita between 140 and 150 degrees of Longitude with 45 and 53 degrees of South Latitude This Island for the most part is overspread with Woods which are but slowly cut down because the Country is very thinly inhabited Where the Ground is already clear'd the Soil is not altogether despicable affording variety of Roots and several
several Rivulets and those affording many excellent Fish especially Tortoise The length of the Days and Nights in Jamaica is the same as in the middle Provinces of New Spain they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Cocao Sugar Indico Cotton Tobacco Hides Copper Piemento or Jamaica-Pepper Tortoise-Shells Wood for Dyers and several sorts of Drugs c. This Island is furnish'd with some Springs of mineral-Mineral-Waters particularly two whereof one is Sulphurous and the other Salt but both approved of for the common Distempers of the place 2 In divers Parts of Jamaica grows that Fruit call'd the Machinel Apple which is very beautiful to the Eye of a pleasant Smell and Taste yet Mortal if eaten whence some term it the Eve-Apple 3 Here are many Shiningflies a king of Cantharides appearing of a green Colour in the Day-time but shining in the Night with such a Lustre that one may see to Read by their light 4. Of all Creatures belonging to this Island the most remarkable is the Allegator that destructive Animal commonly harbouring in or near to Rivers and large Land-Ponds Although he be a very big Creature and about ten fifteen or twenty Foot in length yet he 's hatcht of an Egg not larger than that of a Turkey His Back being full of hard Scales is impenetrable whereupon 't is a difficult matter to kill him unless he receive a Wound in the Eye or Belly He is an Amphibious Animal and to enable him either to Walk upon dry Ground or Swim in the Water Nature hath furnisht him both with Feet and Fins In moving on the Land he 's very swift providing his Course be streight forward but extremely slow in turning and therefore easily avoided Lastly In Jamaica are produc'd some rare Plants much regarded by the Inquisitive Botanist But for a particular Account of them and all others found both in this and several of the Caribbee Islands I refer the Reader to a curious Catalogue publish'd some Years ago by that great Promoter of Natural Knowledge the Ingenious Dr. Sloane Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island being English are much the same in Manners with those in the Kingdom of England only with this difference that the generality of 'em is somewhat more vitiously enclin'd a thing too common in most of our Western Plantations This Island being intirely inhabited by English they retain and still use their own Native Language Jamaica is wholly subject to the Crown of England and rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by His Majesty the King of Great Britain The Laws by which they 're govern'd are as near as can be to those of England Here they have several Courts of Judicatory for hearing and determining of all Causes between Man and Man and for the better Assistance of the Governor he is furnisht with his Council to consult with when occasion requires The Inhabitants of this Island are of the same Religion with that publickly posess'd and by Law establisht in England excepting the Negroe-Slaves who both here and in other Islands of the English Plantations are still kept in woful Ignorance which is undoubtedly a grievous Scandal to our Holy Profession in general and an abominable Shame to their respective Masters in particular But let such Masters know that the time is coming when the now despised Souls of those toiling Slaves will certainly be requir'd at their Hands §. 5. Hispaniola THIS Island discover'd by Columbus Anno 1492. is term'd by the Spaniards Espaniola by the French Espagnole by the Italians Germans and English Hispaniola so call'd by the first Planters therein viz. the Spaniards as a Diminutive of their own Country The Air of this Island is much inferior to that in Jamaica being much infested with morning Heats which would be intollerable were they not allayed by some cooling Breezes in the Afternoon The opposite Place of the Globe to Hispaniola is that part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 17 and 21 Degrees of South Latitude This Island is bless'd with an extraordinary rich and fertil Soil The Trees and Meadows in it are still so green that we may truly say it enjoys a continual Spring Herbs and Fruits are said to ripen in eighteen Days and so rich and fruitful is the Native Turf that of several Grain the common Increase is an hundred-fold Here is abundance of Palm-Trees of a prodigious height and bigness in whose Body an Incision being made near the Root from thence doth flow a Liquor usually call'd Palm-Wine which being kept for some time fermenteth and becomes very strong These Trees are also term'd Cabbage-Trees because their Tops resemble European Cabbage and is commonly us'd as such by the Spaniards Here is also great plenty of Sugar-Canes and some rich Mines of Gold The length of the Days and Nights in Hispaniola is the same as in the middle Provinces of New Spain they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Cattle Hides Cassia Sugar Ginger Cocheneel Guiacum c. In this Island is some store of Genipa-Trees whose Fruit about the bigness of a Man's two Fists being press'd before thorow Ripe affords a Juice as black as Ink and fit to write with all did it not disappear intirely in nine or ten Days 2. Here grows another Tree call'd Mananilla or Dwarf Apple-Tree whose Fruit is of so venemous a quality that if any Person eat thereof he 's instantly seiz'd with an unquenchable Thirst and dies raving Mad in a short time 3. Of the many Insects belonging to this Island the Glow-worm term'd by the Spaniards Cochinillas is most remarkable and that chiefly for two little Specks on its Head which by Night give so much Light that if a Person lay three or four of those Creatures together he may see to read the smallest Print 4 In Hispaniola are Spiders about the bigness of an ordinary Hens Egg having Legs as long as Sea-Crabs of a middle size They are hairy all over and have four black Teeth like Rabbets and commonly bite very sharply but are not venemous 5 Most remarkable of all Creatures in this Island is the Cayman commonly reckon'd the Crocodile of Hispaniola which being an Animal of a prodigious bigness is much noted for his rare subtilty in catching his Prey for lying upon a River-side he so gathereth his Body together that in form he resembles exactly the large Trunk of an old Tree In which Posture he continues till Cattle or other Creatures come to the River to drink when to their great surprize he suddenly springs up and assaults them And to enhaunce the Wonder this strange Creature is said to use yet a more strange Stratagem to effect his end for Travellers generally affirm of him That before he lays himself as aforesaid upon the River-side he
's imploy'd for some time in swallowing down several hundred Weight of small Peeble-Stones By which additional Weight of his Body he can keep a faster hold of his Prey and be the sooner able to draw it into and dive with it under Water Vid. Late History of the Buchaneers in America Part 1. Cap. 4. Here is one Archbishoprick viz. that of St. Domingo Suffragan to whom are St. Jago in Cuba St. John de Port-rico and Coro in Terra Firma Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island being mostly Spaniards with some French are the same in Manners with those on the Continent The Inhabitants of this Island being Spaniards and some French as aforesaid do still retain and use their respective maternal Tongues This Island being wholly subject to the Crown of Spain except the Western Parts now possess'd by the French is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed by his Catholick Majesty whose Power doth extend it self over all the Antillos belonging to Spain The Inhabitants of this Island whether Spaniards or French are of the same Religion with those on the Old Continent § 6. Porto-Rico THIS Island was term'd S. Johannis Insula by Columbus at his first Discovery thereof and Boriquen by the Natives but now Porto-Rico from its chief City and Haven of that Name The Soil is tollerably good in many Parts and Air abundantly temperate except those Months immediately before and after the Summer and Winter Solstice From hence are exported Sugar-Canes Ginger Cassia and good store of Hides Here grow divers remarkable Trees and some poysonous Shrubs upon the Sea-side The whole Island belonging to the Crown of Spain is rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by his Catholick Majesty and the Inhabitants thereof being Spaniards are the same in Manners Language and Religion as elsewhere either upon the Old or New Continent §. 7. The Caribee Islands THE Caribees are reckon'd that goodly Company of Islands beginning at the 〈◊〉 of Porto-Rico and reaching Southward almost to Terra Firma They derive their Appellation from the Nature of their Inhabitants who when first discovered were generally Canibals the name Caribees being of the same importance Taken all together they come nearest in Form to the Segment of a great Circle and are in number about thirty The chief of which proceeding from North to South with their present Possessors are as followeth VIZ. Anguilla At present possessed by The English but little esteem'd St. Martin The French and Dutch Sancta Crux The French Barbada The English but of small Account St. Christophers The English and French Nievis or Mevis The English Antego The English Montserrat The English but mostly inhabited by Irish Guadalupa The French Marigalant The French Dominica The English and Natives Martinico The French Barbado's The English St. Lucia The French St. Vincent The English and Dutch especially the latter Grenada The French Tobago The English Of all the Caribee Islands belonging to the English the most remarkable upon several accounts is Barbado's Of it therefore in particular BARBADO's THIS Island is term'd by the Spaniards Barbadas by the French Barbade or Barboude by the Italians Germans and English Barbado's But why so call'd we can give no account the Name being an Indian Appellation It was discovered in the Reign of King James 1. by Sir William Curten driven upon its Coast by stress of Weather Meeting with no Inhabitants at his arrival and finding the Nature of its Soil to be inviting The English upon his return sent some Planters thither who for want of Trade were reduc'd to great extremity till about the Year 1627 when they began to Plant it to purpose The Air of this Island is very hot and moist especially for eight Months yet in some measure qualifi'd by cold Breezes of Wind which rising with the Sun blow commonly from North-East by East unless there happen a Turnado and grow fresher as the Sun mounteth up The opposite Place of the Globe to Barbado's is part of the East-Indian Ocean between 130 and 140 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 18 Degrees of South Latitude This Island not above eight Leagues in length and five in breadth where broadest is bless'd with a Soil â—â—â—derfully fertil Generall taken 't is not above one 〈…〉 thick yet that small depth of Earth resembles in a 〈…〉 continued hot Bed being almost every where grounded with white spongy Lime-Stones which retain and reflect the solar Heat piercing through the over-spreading Mould Whereupon the Island beareth Crops all the Year round and its Trees Plants and Fields appear always green Both in this and the Island Jamaica were formerly Mountain Cabbage-Trees of a prodigious height The length of the Days and Nights in Barbado's is the same as in those Parts of New Spain lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Sugars Indico Cotton-Wooll Ginger Logwood Fustick Lignum Vitae c. and those in such abundance that some hundred Sail of Ships do yearly receive their Loadings here In the Island of Barbado's are Ants of a very big size who build their Nests with Clay and Lome against the Body of a Tree or Wall of an House and that to the bigness of ordinary Bee-Hives and those divided into a great many Cells 2 Here are some Snakes of a considerable length and bigness that frequently slide up and down the Wall of an House and out of one Room into another with wonderful Agility of Body 3. The Water of that Rivulet commonly call'd Tuigh River hath upon its Surface in many places a certain Oily Substance which being carefully taken off and kept a little time is sit to burn in Lamps like ordinary Oil. 4. Here are divers large and hideous Caves some of which are big enough to contain five hundred Men and several remarkable Trees particularly the Calibash Palmete Roucou and that which goes by the Vulgar Name of the Poyson-Tree 5. Among some rare Insects to be seen upon this Island we may reckon those small Flies term'd Cayouyou most observable and that chiefly for their Wings which give a mighty Lustre in the Night-time while they fly Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Island excluding the Negroes being mostly English are much the same in Behaviour and Manner of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants in respect of Manners the same may be assirm'd of them in Point of Language As for the Negroes the generality of them if any considerable time upon the Island do also understand and speak English This Island belonging to the Crown of England is rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by His Majesty the King of Great Britain He with his Council do discuss all Matters of 〈…〉 and the better to quell any Insurrection 〈…〉 be made especially by the Slaves he still keeps a 〈…〉 considing of two
Regiments of Horse and 〈◊〉 of Foot always in â—â—â—diness upon a call The Laws by which this Island are govern'd except some By-Acts which immediately concern the Plantation are the same with those of England The Island bâ—ing divided into four Circuits in each of them is establish'd an Inferior Court of Judicatory for hearing all manner of Civil Causes From which Courts Appeals may be made to the Supreme Court and for due Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters here are yearly held five Sessions When there appears a real Necessity of making new Laws which must never contradict those of England or abrogating old ones the Governor calls an Assembly for that end This Assembly resembles in some manner our English Parliament for the Governor being reckon'd Supreme those of his Council are as so many Peers and two Burgesses chosen out of each Parish represent the Body of the People The English here residing make Profession of the same Religion with that generally own'd and by Law establish'd in England As for the Negroe-Slaves their Lot hath hitherto been and still is to serve such Christian Masters who sufficiently declare what Zeal they have for their Conversion by unkindly using a Serious Divine some time ago when only proposing to endeavour the same §. 8. The Lucayes THE Lucayes so call'd from Lucayone the biggest of 'em all are those several Islands lying North of Cuba and Hispaniola They belong mostly to the Spaniards and the chief of them Are those of Bahama Extended from the E. of Tegesta in Florida to the N. of Hispaniola Lucayone aliter New Providence Cignateo Eleutheria Guanahani St. Salvador Yuma Samana Maiaguana Of these Islands Bahama may be reckon'd the most remarkable and that chiefly for the famous rapid Channel between that Island and the Main through which the Spanish Fleets usually pass in their return from Mexico to Europe A Passage equally fatal to the Spaniard as fortunate to the English Fatal to the former for some dreadful Shipwracks sustain'd therein and fortunate to the latter for vast quantities of Plate recover'd by skilful Divers This Island is also observable for several uncommon Insects found upon it particularly the Bahama-Spider already mention'd Pags 341. § 9. The Sotovento THE Sotovento Islands are those lying along the Northern Coast of Terra Firma They belong mostly to the Spaniards and receiv'd the Title Sotovento quasi sub vento from them because they appear to the Leeward of their Fleet coming down before the Wind to enter the Gulf of Mexico The chief of such Islands Are those of Trinidada Found from E. to W. Margarita Tortuga Orchilla Rocca Bonayrc Curacao Oruba Trinidada term'd by the Natives Samsonate is observable for being a noted place of Bartery between the Inhabitants of New Spain and those of Peru. And Margarita is much frequented upon the account of Pearl Fishery from whence it derives its Name The rest are not of any great moment § 10 Bermudas THIS little Cluster of Islands lying about five hundred Leagues East of Florida is term'd by the Italians Bermuda by the French Bermudes by the Spaniards Germans and English Bermudas So call'd from one John Bermudas a Spaniard who made the first Discovery of them They are otherways term'd the Summer Islands from S r. George Summers an Englishman who suffer'd Shipwrack near to them Anno 1609. The Air of these Islands is reckon'd extraordinary healthful to breath in the Sky being almost always Serene and Smiling But when overcast at any time then they 're sure of a terrible Tempest attended with frightful Claps of Thunder and Flashes of Lightning So healthful are these Islands to breath in that their Inhabitants now in number about four or five thousand are seldom visited with Sickness and generally arrive to a good old Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Bermudas is that part of the vast East-Indian Ocean lying between 134 and 138 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fertil yielding the Labourer two Crops every Year which they commonly reap in the Months of July and December Of so rich a Mould is the Arable Ground in this Island that it affords neither Sand Flints Peebles nor Stones so hard as are fit to grind Knives They are well furnisht with variety of Fruits Roots Fish and Fowl together with great store of Hogs and excellent sweet-scented Cedar The length of the Days and Nights in Bermudas is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Florida they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Oranges Cochineel Tobacco Cedar-Wood some Pearls and Amber-Gris in considerable quantity c. Observable are these Islands for nourishing no venemous Creature none such being found upon them nor able to live if brought thither Here indeed are many Spiders but those no ways poisonous and very remarkable for their Webs having the resemblance of Raw-Silk and woven so strong that little Birds are sometimes entangled in them 2. If Wells are dug in Bermudas above the Surface of the surrounding Ocean the Water is sweet and fresh but lower then salt or breckish and all of them have some sensible Flux and Reflux with the Sea 3. Upon the Coast of these Islands is sometimes taken that remarkable Fish term'd the File-Fish being so call'd from a part of his Back-Bone which hath the exact resemblance of a File Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of these Islands being English are much the same in Manners and Way of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants of Bermudas in respect of Manners the same may be affirm'd of them in Point of Language These Islands being wholly subject and of right belonging to the Crown of England are rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by the King of England The Religion here establisht and publickly profess'd is the Protestant according to the Reformation of the Church of England §. 11. Terra del Fuogo THIS is a large Triangular Island or as some think several lying on the South part of America and separated from the main Continent by the Streights of Magellan It 's call'd by the Name of Terra del Fuogo because it seems the first Discoverers thereof did observe some considerable Vulcano's upon it Out Knowledge of this Island and its Inhabitants is at best but very uncertain almost every new Adventurer in these Parts of the World giving us a new Relation of Things Whosoever therefore desires a certain or satisfactory Account must defer his Enquiry to the better Discovery of After-times And so much for America and its Islands AN APPENDIX Comprehending A brief Account of the European Plantations in Asia Africk and America As also some Reasonable Proposals for the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries IN running over the